qristianuli poeziis saTaveebTan (pirveli nawili)

Cvens wina ganxilvebSi ramdenime avtorze SeZlebisdagvarad dawvrilebiTi

informacia warmovadgineT da vapirebdiT am mimarTulebiT gangrZobas, magram
amjerad mcirediT im ganxilvaze unda SevCerdeT qronologiur rigSi, rac wina saubrisas
gvqonda, (igulisxmeba novatianusisadmi miZRvnili saubari) da Cven gvinda
gamovexmauroT dainteresebul msmenels, romelmac gvTxova garkveuli informacia
migvewodebina ara mxolod zogadad saRvTismetyvelo Sromebis TvalsazrisiT saeklesio
literaturis istoriaze, aramed konkretulad qristianuli poeziis viTarebaze uadres epoqaSi, Tu
ra masalebi arsebobs dReisaTvis misi aRmocenebis Sesaxeb. es SekiTxva ar
iTvaliswinebs sakuTriv himnografias, rac kanonikuri saxiT gviandeli movlena gaxlavT,
rogorc Cven amaze araerTgzis gvisaubria, anu VI saukunidan iwyeba himnografiuli
nimuSebis, im kanonikuri sagaloblebis Seqmna rac eklesiaSi dResac igalobeba
msaxurebaTa Jams, am SemTxvevaSi es mxare ar igulisxmeba, aramed igulisxmeba is
uadresi saukuneebi, rodesac sazogadod werilobiTi TvaslazrisiT yovel Janrs saeklesio
literaturisas safuZveli daedo, ai am kuTxiT ra wyaroebi arsebobs qristianul poeziasTan
dakavSirebiT.
sazogadod avRniSnavT da madlierebasac gamovxatavT gamoxmaurebebTan
dakavSirebiT, rac radio msmenelebisgan modis. es gamoxmaurebebi Cvens Semdgom
Sexvedrebzec iqneba asaxuli, rom aris moTxovna zogierT avtorTan anda zogierT
ZeglTan dakavSirebiT, rac Cven ukve ganvixileT, ufro dawvrilebiTi informaciis
mowodebisa, rac cxadia Cven gvaxarebs, Tumca yovelTvis viTavaliswinebdiT, rom
amgvari gamoxmaurebebis gareSe sakuTriv Cveni ganxilvebi Cveulebriv yvelaze ufro
arsebiTis aRniSvniT unda Semofargluliyo, magram rodesac vgrZnobT dainteresebas ama
Tu im sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, cxadia valdebulnic varT Selebisdagvarad ufro detaluri
informaia mivawodoT dainteresebul msmenels. amjerad, rogorc avRniSneT, konkretulad
qristianuli poeziis saTaveebis Sesaxeb gveqneba ganxilva da upirvelesad SevexebiT
sakiTxs pirveli qristianuli sagaloblebis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor, ra saxiT da ra wyaroebiT arian
isini Cvenamde Semonaxulni.
ra Tqma unda, yvelasTvis cnobilia da mainc avRniSnavT, rom sagaloblebis
(cxadia ar igulisxmeba kanonikuri formis, rvagalobis anda ufro kanonikurad
cxragalobisgan Semdgari himnografiuli teqstebi, rasac galobani ewodeba), galobiTi,
ritmuli prozis da ritmulobis Semcveli teqstebis arseboba qristianuli msaxurebis yvelaze
ufro adreul etapzec sagulvebelia da es ueWveli faqtia. TviT “fsalmunni” Zveli aRTqmisa
da agreTve galobani, rac fsalmunebs mosdevs, ra Tqma unda, umTavres rols asrulebda
Tavdapirvel qristianul liturgiaSi. sazogadod, Cven adrec gvqonda citireba imasTan
dakavSirebiT, rom wm. efrem mciris, didi qarTveli RvTismetyvelis, miTiTebiT
Tavdapirveli saeklesio galoba mxolod fsalmuniT ifargleboda, “ara rai igalobeboda sxuai,
Tvinier fsalmunTaisa” (fsalmunTa gansakuTrebuloba dRemde da TavisTavad cxadia
maradis SenarCunebulia RvTismsaxurebaSi), Tumca fsalmunTa da Zveli aRTqmis 12
galobis teqstebs Zalian male Seemata sakuTriv qristian avtorTa mier Seqmnili msgavsi
Sinaarsisa da ganwyobilebis Zeglebi. magaliTad wm. pavle mociquli kolaselTa mimarT
epistolis me-3 Tavis me-16 muxlSi axsenebs fsalmunebs, himnebs da sulier sagaloblebs,
is pirdapir miuTiTebs: “fsalmoi, hiumnoi, odai pnevmatikai” (sulieri sagalobebi), da
dasZens, rom “vaswavliT da SevagonebT ra sakuTar Tavs fsalmunebiT, himnebiT,
sulieri sagaloblebiT, madlismierad vugalobebT Cvens gulebSi RmerTs”. cnobilia isic,
rom axali aRTqma Seicavs ai amgvari saxis, uadresi epoqis liturgiaSi gamosayenebel,
sagalobelTa garkveul ricxvs, magaliTad galobiTi formis teqstad miiCneva lukas
saxarebis 1, 46-55 (adideb suli Cemi ufalsa). es teqsti calkea mogexsenebaT cnobili
saeklesio RvTismsaxurebaSi da mas laTinurad specialur literaturaSi Cveulebriv ewodeba
“magnefikat”, anu adidebsis tipis sagalobeli, dasawyisi sityvis (adideb suli Cemi ufalsa)
mixedviT. amave pirveli Tavis 68-79-e muxlebic aseve galobiTi formisaa, “kurTxel ars
ufali RmerTi israelisai”, rasac ewodeba “benediqtus” anu “kurTxeul arsi”, aseve
dasawyisi sityvis mixedviT. iqve II Tavis me-14 muxli “dideba maRalTa Sina RmerTsa
da qveyanasa zeda mSvidoba da kacTa Soris saTnoeba”, rasac ewodeba “dideba
maRalTa Sina” anu specialur literaturaSi esec laTinuri formiT gaxlavT damkvidrebuli da
gamoiTqmis rogorc “gloria ineqselsis”, anu “dideba maRalTa Sina”. iqve II Tavis 29-32-
e muxlebic, rasac “aw ganuteve” ewodeba (nuk dimittis), “aw ganuteve monai Seni ufalo
sityvisaebr Senisa mSvidobiT, rameTu ixiles TvalTa CemTa macxovarebai Seni, romel
ganumzade winaSe pirsa yovlisa erisasa, naTeli gamobrwyinvebad warmarTTa zeda da
didebad erisa Senisa israelisa”. ai es monakveTebi, rasac exla Cven avRniSnavdiT,
saxarebis es muxlebi yovelTvis iyo, ra Tqma unda, rogorc avRniSneT, aris da maradis
iqneba saeklesio liturgiis Semadgeneli nawili.
Cven SegveZlo amave axali aRTqmis epoqidan da axali aRTqmis teqstebidan
migveTiTebina agreTve ioanes apokalifsze, sadac me-5 Tavis me-9 da momdevno
muxlebSi xsenebulia axali sagalobeli, “galoben axal sagalobels”, vkiTxulobT xsenebul
apokalifsSi. Zeglis miTiTebiT am sagalobels galoben “marTalni caTa Sina kravis
sadideblad”, kravisa romelic aris igive macxovari, ufali Cveni ieso qriste. garda am axali
sagaloblisa imave ZeglSi Cven gvaqvs mokle himnebis didi raodenoba, romlebic cxadia
warmodgenas gviqmnis Tavdapirveli qristianuli himnologiis Sinaarsisa da bunebis
Sesaxeb, kerZod Cven SegviZlia aseTi kvalifikacia mivceT apokalifsis I Tavis 4-7
muxlebs, 8-11 muxlebs da a.S. es himnebi da es galobiTi tipis teqstebi, razec aq
mivuTiTeT, cxadia ar Tanxvdeba poeziis antikur gagebas, radganac isini araviTar metrul
kanons ar cnoben, araviTar versifikaciul moTxovnebs ar akmayofileben antikuri da
zogadad leqsmcodneobiTi gagebiT. saeklesio teqstebSi arsebuli himnuri anu galobiTi
formis monakveTebi dawerili gaxlavT sazeimo, amaRlebuli stiliT, sadac ueWvelad
mJRavndeba saxeTa paralelizmi, isini cxadia teqstSi yovelTvis prozaulad aris
warmodgenili. Tumca am bolo xanebSi aris garkveuli publikaciebi, gamocemebi axali
aRTqmisa sadac amgvari monakveTebi ufro leqsiTi formiTaa warmodgenili, vidre
prozauli.
II saukuneSi cnobilia, rom gnostikosma eretikosebma, romlebzec Cven vrclad
gvqonda saubari Tavis droze, romelTaTvisac axlobeli iyo elinuri literatura, SeTxzes
metrikaze dafuZnebuli sagaloblebis didi raodenoba, raTa farTod gaevrcelebinaT maTi
moZRvreba. Cven aq erT mniSvnelovan Tvisebas vxvdebiT ritmuli teqstebis Seqmnisas
da zogadad galobiTi formis teqstebis Seqmnisas, mwvalebelTa Soris, rom moZRvReba
gaavrcelon ufro Sedegianad, radganac umravles SemTxvevaSi, rodesac adamiani leqss
anda ritmuli prozis Sinagani melodiurobisa da ritmulobis teqsts ismens, SesaZloa is
Sinaarss saerTod ver xvdebodes, magram teqsti mainc waruSlelad aRibeWdos mis
gonebaze, iseve rogorc davuSvaT Cvens bavSvobaSi dazepirebuli sxvadasxva strofebi,
rac SeuZlebelia, rom Cvens mier bolomde gacnobierebuli yofiliyo, Tundac
“vefxistyaosnisa” da sxva, miuxedavad Sinaarsis da calkeuli terminebis raobis ver
wvdomisa, mainc Cvens gonebaSi aRbeWdilia waruSlelad. ai amave mizandasaxulobisa
iyo gnostikosTagan garkveuli metruli xasiaTis teqstebis Seqmna, rom ufro advilad da
amave dros waruSlelad aRbeWdiliyo msmenelTa mexsierebaSi maTi moZRvrebis
Semcveli metrikaze dafuZnebuli teqstebi. sxvaTaSoris Cven SegviZlia paraleli gavavloT
da avRniSnoT, rom IV saukunis I naxevarSi, rodesac arianuli cru swavleba aRmocenda,
ariozic cnobilia, rom Tavis moZRvrebas ritmuli proziT gadmoscemda da leqsiT yaidaze
ayalibebda Tavis moZRvrebas da es mimarTuleba, es mxare, es forma misi moZRvrebis
gamoTqmisa, ra Tqma unda ganpirobebuli iyo ara raRac poeturi STagonebiTa da
poeturisken swrafvis dauZleveli wadiliT, aramed erTaderTi praqtikuli da am
SemTxvevaSi ukeTurebis Semcveli praqtikuli mizandasaxulobiT, rom misi cru
moZRvreba, amgvari ritmuli teqstebiT aRmoTqmuli, advilad da amouSlelad
CabeWdiliyo moumzadebeli mrevlis gonebaSi da isini arianuli cru swavlebis WurWelni
gamdariyvnen. e.i. aq mkveTri paralelizmi da mkveTri damTxvevaa II sakunis gnostikos
eretikosebsa da arianelebs Soris, am SemTxvevaSi metrikaze anda ritmulobaze
dafuZnebuli teqstebis Seqmnis mizandasaxulobis mxriv. sxvaTaSoris avRniSnavT, rom
msgavsi himnebi xSirad gvxvdeba mociqulTa apokriful saqmeebSic, magaliTad
SeiZleboda aRgveniSna “Tomas saqmeTa” apokrifSi daculi, ase vTqvaT, “sulis
sagalobeli”, rac ueWvelad himnuri, galobiTi niSanTvisebis Semcveli teqsti gaxlavT.
aseve meore apokrifSi, romelsac “ioanes saqmeni” ewodeba, TiTqosda Tavad qristes
mier warmoiTqmis sagalobeli mociqulebTan erTad da a.S. kargi nimuSi sakuTriv
gnostikuri himnologiisa anu galobaTmetyvelebisa (himnologia qarTulad ase SeiZleba
iTargmnos) aris maTi erT-erTi seqtis, kerZod naasenebis, galobiTi xasiaTis Zegli, rac
citirebuli gaxlavT wm. ipolite romaelis saxelganTqmul SromaSi, Cvens mier sakmaod
detalurad ganxilulSi, saxelwodebiT “filosofumena”, am naSromis me-5 wignis me-10
Tavis me-2 qveTavSi. sxvaTaSoris gnostikosebTan dakavSirebiT unda avRniSnoT, rom
iyo garkveuli moTxovnilebani, rom zogierTi gnostikuri seqtis mwvalebluri moZRvreba
ufro detalurad gadmogveca, rom SesaZlebeli yofiliyo garkveuli paralelis gavleba
Tanamedrove gaukuRmarTebaTa uadresi epoqidan momdinareobis TvalsazrisiT, rom is
viTomcda siaxleni, rasac Tanamedrove mwvalebluri mimdinareobebi iCemeben
sinamdvileSi rom uZvelesi warmomavlobisaa anu kargad daviwyebuli Zveli
cTomilebania, da ai amis naTelsayofad zogierTi msmeneli mTxovneli gaxda imisa, rom
gnosticizmis Sesaxeb ufro farTod gvesaubra, gansakuTrebiT romelime seqtis
moZRvrebis Sesaxeb, nimuSis TvalsazrisiT da Cven albaT Semdeg Sexvedraze am
kuTxiT warmovadgenT ganxilvas. magram am SemTxvevaSi ganvagrZobT saubars imis
Sesaxeb Tu ra saxis ritmul-galobiTi teqstebi gvaqvs uadres epoqaSi, romelTa nawilic
ukve gadmoveciT da amjerad davZenT, rom saxelganTqmuli klimenti aleqsandrielis,
Cvens mier aseve detalurad ganxiluli moRvawis, cnobili naSromis “sityva pedagogis”
bolos darTuli gaxlavT metruli sagalobeli “qriste macxovrisadmi”, rac sakuTriv
marTlmadideblur tradiciaSi axali aRTqmis Semdeg, e.i. eklesiur epoqaSi, konkretulad
saeklesio literaturis istoriaSi erT-erTi uadresi, Cvenamde moRweuli, sagalobelia, romlis
patara teqsti SeiZleboda rom aqve warmogvedgina sityvasityviTi TargmaniT, rac aseTi
saxisaa: “meufeo wmidaTao, yovlisSemZleo sityvao mamisao, uzenaeso ufalo, romeli
xar saTave da dasabami yovlisa sibrZnisa, romeli daacxrob yovelsa tkivilsa, yovelTa
JamTa da adgilTa ufalo, ieso macxovaro naTesavisa Cvenisao”. ai es gaxlavT darTuli
klimenti aleqsandrielis erT-erT yvelaze ufro Rirseul da yvelaze ufro uxarvezo Sromaze
rasac ewodeba “sityva pedagogi”. klimenti II-III saukuneebis mijnis moRvawea. II
saukunes ekuTvnis cnobili sagalobeli “naTeli mxiaruli” (berZn. fos hilaron), romelic
sxvaTaSoris dResac JRers berZnul eklesiaSi mwuxris msaxurebis Jams, rodesac
pirvelSewirulTa liturgia aResruleba. Cven am sagaloblis (naTeli mxiaruli) qarTuli
Targmanis damowmebani gvaqvs uZveles liturgikul teqstebSi, maT Soris gaxlavT
swored amave uadresi epoqis, V-VI saukuneebis, liturgikuli msaxurebis amsaxveli Zeglis
uZvelesi iadgaris Semcvel xelnawerebi.
1922 wels oqsinixosSi aRmoCnda fragmenti, erT-erTi qristianuli himnisa
musikaluri notaciiT da rogorc miiCneven es aRmonaCeni unda ekuTvnodes III saukunis
miwuruls da samwuxaro gaxlavT mxolod is, rom SemorCenilia martooden ramdenime
fraza, rasac am SemTxvevaSi warmovadgenT: “arc erTi didebuli qmnileba RvTisa ar
unda iyos mdumare da ar unda miiCqmalos varskvlavT kaSkaSSi. wyalni mdinareTani
CurCuliT ugaloben didebas mamasa da Zesa da wmidasa sulsa”.
cnobili eretikosi pavle samosateli, III saukunis Sua wlebis avtori, evsebi
kesarielis cnobiT (saeklesio istoriSi) zRudavda iesosadmi mimarTul sagaloblebs,
radganac maT axalSeqmnilad Tvlida. cxadia yovel Jams iwereboda sagaloblebi
macxovrisadmi da maTi SezRudva kidev erTi dadasturebaa am pirovnebis (pavle
samosatelis) mwvaleblobisa, Tumca amjerad CvenTvis mniSvnelovani is gaxlavT, rom
ueWvelad dasturdeba am epoqisTvis (pavle samosatelis droisTvis) macxovrisadmi
mimarTli ukve im raodenobis sagalobelTa arseboba, rom zogierT gonebacTomil
pirovnebas maTi SezRudvac ki miuCnevia saWirod. ufro gviandel periodSi, III saukunis
Semdeg, saeklesio locva-kurTxeviT TandaTanobiT farTovdeba da mdidrdeba qristianuli
sagaloblebi da maTi mTavari mizandasaxuloba swored moZRvrebis gavrcobaa, rom am
gziTac saeklesio swavleba Rirseulad SeebrZolos da daZlios man warmarTuli sagaloblebi.
ase rom Tu am mxares gavTvaliswinebT aSkaraa, rom sagaloblebi uaRresad
mniSvnelovan da gadamwyvet rols TamaSobdnen, gadamwyvet funqcias iZendnen
qristianuli liturgiis ganviTarebaSi da agreTve epoqis qristianuli suliT, qristianuli
moZRvrebiT gamsWvalvis saqmeSi.