GelatisSasulieroAkademiisaDaSeminariisShromebi 2016 N2

gelaTis sasuliero akademiisa da seminariis Sromebi II
II
da seminariis Sromebi
gelaTis sasuliero akademiisa
GEL
AgelaTis sasuliero akademiisa da
seminariis Sromebi
II
quTaisi 2016
redaqtori
levan tyeSelaSvili - istoriis doqtori
redaqtoris moadgile
Tamaz deviZe
damkabadonebeli
laSa geneliZe
ISSN 2346-8084
© gelaTis sasuliero akademia da seminaria
2
sarCevi
biblieistika
nikoloz gvilava
wminda iuda mociqulis kaTolike epistoles avtoris sakiTxsaTvis.............. 5
patristika
dekanozi irakli axalaZe
wminda maqsime aRmsareblis cxovreba da moRvaweoba...................................... 33
daviT iobiZe
wminda. maqsime aRmsareblis ori epistole sulis Sesaxeb.............................. 52
liturgika
diakoni miqael kvantaliani
wmindanis saxelobis taZris dResaswaulis tipikonuri Taviseburebebi....... 66

qarTuli himnografia da wminda daviT aRmaSeneblis „galobani sinanulisani"
tipikonuri mimoxilva........................................................................................ 81
irakli lorTqifaniZe
kaTalikosad kurTxevis wesi me-17 saukunis gelaTuri xelweris mixedviT....95
eklesiis istoria
levan tyeSelaSvili
solomon pirvelis saeklesio politika da tyveTa syidvis akrZalva......... 102
malxaz mururiZe
qristianobis gavrcelebis istoriidan raWaSi............................................. 128
grigol bendeliani
wminda ioane zedaznelis moRvaweobis zogierTi sakiTxebi........................ 137
3
enaTmecniereba
gela tarielaSvili
zogierTi madiferencirebeli enobrivi maxasiaTeblisaTvis gelaTur skola
Si da metafrastuli krebuli ioane qsifilinosisa....................................... 165
xelovnebaTmcodneoba
nino sarava
saeklesio naqargobaTa ikonografiisa da mxatvruli stilis Sesaxeb........ 177
pedagogika
lali abdalaZe
saeklesio-samrevlo skolebi samegreloSi IX saukunis pirvel naxevarSi... 200
4
wminda iuda mociqulis kaTolike epistoles
avtoris sakiTxisaTvis
nikoloz gvilava
Tavidanve unda aRiniSnos, rom axali aRTqmis wminda werilis

wignebis avtorebis vinaobis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT yvelaze rTuli
am epistoles avtoris vinaobis dadgenaa. am sakiTxSi mas SeiZleba
SevadaroT wminda iakob mociqulis kaTolike epistoles avtorobas-
Tan dakavSirebuli problemebi, magram wminda iuda mociqulis epis-
toles avtoris vinaobasTan dakavSirebiT kidev ufro met sirTu-
lesTan gvaqvs saqme.
Tavad epistoles avtori Tavis Tavs uwodebs:
„iuda, iesu qristes mona¡ da Zma¡ iakobisi“ (iud. 1:1).
axali aRTqmis wignebSi ramdenime pirovnebaa moxseniebuli iu-
das saxeliT. upirveles yovlisa, esaa iuda iskarioteli, ufal
ieso qristes aTormetTagani mociquli, romelmac gasca macxovari,
ris Semdegac Tavi CamoixrCo. bunebrivia, rom igi avtomaturad
gamoiricxeba kaTolike epistoles avtorobidan.
meore iuda wminda luka maxarebelTan, aseve moxseniebulia
macxovris aTormet mociqulTa Soris, esaa iuda iakobisa, romelic
wminda maTe da wminda markoz maxareblebTan moxsenebulia sxva sax-
elebiT - Tadeozad da lebeosad.
mesame iuda moxsenebulia ufal ieso qristes xorciel Zmebs Soris.
kidev ori iuda naxsenebia wminda luka maxareblis wignSi „saqme
mociqulTa“: erTi - „iuda galileveli“ (saqm. 5:37), da meore - iuda
qalaq damaskodan (saqm. 9:11), romelic Tavisi cxovrebiT aris dakav-
Sirebuli wminda pavle mociqulTan. isini aravis da arasdros mouaz-
rebiaT kaTolike epistoles avtorebad.
„saqme mociqulTas“ me-15 TavSi gvxvdeba kidev erTi iuda, igive
barsaba, romelic, mociqulTa krebis gadawyvetilebiT, wminda Sila
5
mociqulTan erTad wargzavnes antioqiaSi wminda pavle da wminda
barnaba mociqulebTan erTad. zogierTi mas macxovris xorciel Zmas-
Tan aigivebda, magram es mosazreba ar gaiziara mkvlevarTa umravle-
sobam. am pirovnebas aigiveben iosebTanac, igive barsabasTan, igive
iostosTan (zogierTebi, romlebic barsabas ara saxelad, aramed pa-
tronimad1 Tvlian, amis ZmasTan aigiveben), romelic mociqulTa mier
aTormet mociqulTa Soris iuda iskariotelis adgilis dasakave-
blad kenWisyrisaTvis mataTa mociqulTan erTad iqna gamorCeuli da
samocdaaT mociqulTa rigs miaweren. arc es pirovneba mouazrebiaT
seriozulad kaTolike epistoles avtorad.
arsebobs kidev erTi mosazreba, kerZod, SeiZleba am epistoles
avtori yofiliyo vinme iuda, ara axalaRTqmiseuli pirovneba, rom-
lis Zmasac marTlac iakobi erqva. amas ZiriTadad iziareben is mkvl-
evarebi, romlebic epistoles daweris drod meore saukunis pirvel
naxevars varaudoben. am mosazrebas aranairi mtkice argumenti ar
gaaCnia, radgan:
1. Tuki epistole meore saukunis pirvel naxevarSia dawerili da misi
namdvili avtori ucnobi piria, romelsac marTlac iuda erqva,
Tundac mis Zmas iakobi rqmeoda, romelic im periodSi cnobili
pirovneba iyo, epistole ver miipyrobda aseT did yuradRebas,
radgan misi avtoriteti mxolod mociqulebriv warmomavlobazea
damyarebuli da, miT umetes, iseT cnobil pirovnebaze, rogoric
marTali iakobi - ierusalimis pirveli episkoposi iyo eklesiis is-
toriaSi;
2. epistole Tundac meore saukuneSi iyos dawerili, misi fsevdo
avtori, romelic Tavisi fsevdo Txzulebis damajereblobisaT-
vis wminda iakob mociqulis, uflis xorcieli Zmis, avtoritets
iyenebs, aucileblad mociqulebis saxels iqneboda amofarebuli
- an aTormetTaganis, an kidev - uflis xorcieli Zmisa.
1. mamis saxelad - sabas Zed

6
amdenad, axal aRTqmaSi iudad moxseniebul pirovnebebidan
kaTolike epistoles avtorobaze wminda werilis egzegetTa da
mkvlevarTa Soris pretenzia gaaCniaT aTormetTagan wminda iuda
(imave Tadeozis, imave lebeosis) iakobisas da wminda iudas, uflis
xorciel Zmas.
mRvdelmTavari klimenti aleqsandrieli epistoles avtoris vi-
naobasTan dakavSirebiT wers:
„iuda, Zma iosebis Zeebisa, romelmac dawera kaTolike epistole,
uaRresad keTilmoSiSia. man icoda ufalTan Tavisi naTesaoba, miuxe-
davad amisa, ar ganucxadebia, rom igi Zmaa misi, magram ra Tqva? „iesu
qristes mona¡“ - anu uflisa - „da Zma¡ iakobisa“; rameTu igi marTlac
Zma iyo misi iosebidan gamomdinare“. (Сагарда А. И. – стр. 1119).
epistoles avtors Tavisi vinaobis gadmocemisas iakobis xorcieli
Zmoba rom ar hqondes naxsenebi, yvelaferi martivad gadawydeboda -
masSi SeiZleboda aTormet mociqulTagani iuda iakobisa, igive Tad-
eozi, igive lebeosi mosazrebuliyo. saqmes swored iakobis xorcieli
Zmobis faqti arTulebs. amas garda, damatebiT sirTules iwvevs
zogierTi ganmmarteblis mier aTormetTagani iuda iakobisas (imave
Tadeozis da imave lebeosis) gaigiveba samocdaaTTagan mociqulTan
- TadeozTan, imave lebeosTan, romlis xeliTac, saeklesio garda-
mocemis Tanaxmad, TviT macxovarma edesis mefe avgarozs gaugza-
vna xelTuqmneli xati. am mociqulTa gaigivebis faqti Zalian xSiria
eklesiis istoriaSi zogadad, da ufro metad qristianul dasav-
leTSi.
„Sexeduleba sami iudas (uflis Zmis, iudas epistoles avtorisa da
iuda iakobisas) da Tadeoz-lebeosis igiveobis Taobaze sabolood
Suasaukuneebis bizantiur svinaqsarebsa da minologiebSi Camoyali-
bda. poloneTis eklesiis KK-svinaqsarSi (romlis arqetipi X s. dasas-
ruls ekuTvnis) 19 ivniss iuda, uflis xorcieli Zma, iuda moci-
qulis epistoles avtorTan, iuda iakobisasTan, da Tadeoz-lebeos
7
mociqulebTan aris gaigivebuli1 [Sy#.CP. Col. 755-758], rac gameo-
rebulia 30 ivnisis svinaqsarul SeniSvnaSi epistoles avtorobis
xsenebis gareSe Ibid. Col. 782]. 19 da 30 ivnisis svinaqsarul sakiTx-
avebSi mas srulad eTanxmeba basili II-is minologia (X s. dasasruli
- XI s. dasawyisi) [MMe.#ol Graec//PG 117. Col. 504] da imperatoris
minologiis (1034 - 1041 ww.) monacemebi (Latysev.Me#ol 1970. T 2. P.
77-79). es igiveoba mtkiced damkvidrda berZnul marTlmadideblur
tradiciaSi (Νικδημος. Συναξαριστής. T. 19984. Τ. 5. S.248-249) da miRe-
bul iqna ruseTis marTlmadideblurma eklesiam“. (Pravosl. Enciklop.
- IYDA qveTavi evolyci\ greheskoq tradicii pohitani\ Iud]).
rusuli eklesiis zegavleniT (romelmac, Tavis mxriv, berZnuli
marTlmadidebluri tradiciidan gadmoiRo) saqarTvelos eklesia-
Si miRebuli „wmindanTa cxovreba“ macxovris xorciel Zmas iudas,
aTormetTa mociqulTagan iuda iakobisasTan (igive Tadeozi da igive
lebeosi) aigivebs.2
unda iTqvas, rom wina ori saukunis rusul bibleistikaSi, romlis
Sexedulebebsac garkveuli istoriuli Tu politikuri viTarebis
gamo didi gavlena aqvs bolo periodis qarTul bibleistikaze, es
sakiTxi Zalian bundovnad aris gadmocemuli, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
gadauwyvetelia. erTi ki namdvilad unda aRiniSnos, rom dResdRe-
obiT ruseTisa da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiebSi, iseve
rogorc sxva marTlmadidebel eklesiebSi, aTormetTagani mociquli
wminda iuda iakobisa (igive Tadeozi, igive lebeosi), romlis xsenebac
19 da 30 ivniss aResruleba, ukve aRaraa gaigivebuli samocdaaTTa-
gan mociqulTan, wminda TadeozTan, romlis xseneba gadatanilia 21
1. aq, rogorc etyoba, Secdomaa gaparuli, radgan ruseTis da, Sesabamisad,
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis kalendarSi samocdaaTTagani wm.
Tadeoz mociqulis xseneba calke aResruleba, kerZod - 21 agvistos. albaT
unda iyos - „mociqul iuda iakobisasTan, imave TadeozTan da lebeosTan,
aris gaigivebuli“.
2. naxeT „wmindanTa cxovrebis“ nebismieri gamocema an internet resursi - wmida
mociquli iuda, xorcielad Zma uflisa (+daaxl. 80) - 19 (2.07) ivnisi - www.
orthodoxy.ge/tveni/ivnisi/19-iuda.html
8
agvistos,1 magram pirveli mainc gaigivebuli rCeba samocdaaTTagan
wminda iuda mociqulTan, uflis xorciel ZmasTan, kaTolike episto-
les avtorTan.
Tavidan aRvniSnavT erT Zalze sainterso faqts: netari Teo-
filaqte bulgarelis Txzulebis, wminda iuda mociqulis kaTolike
epistoles ganmartebis SesavalSi, romelSic mokledaa gadmocemuli
epistoleSi ganxiluli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, umravles rusul gamoce-
maSi weria: 2
„Apostol I u d a F a d d e q “3 (aqac da Semdgom yvelgan xaz-

gasma Cvenia) Piwet eto Poslanie k tem, kotor]e uje uverovali. Povod k
napisaniy b]l sleduy[iq. Po\vilisú nekotor]e lydi I uhili, hto grex
bezrazlihen, I otvergali Xrista. Apostolu nujno bilo pisatú I utverditú
bratúev. I on, vo - perv]x, ubejdaet ix podvizatús\ za predannuy im very i
preb]vatu v neq; potom,oprovergaet ljeuhiteleq, kak obman[ikob, i zapove-
duet veruy[im ne imetú nikakogo ob[eni\ s nimi, zna\, hto nedostatohno b]
tú tolúko prizvann]m, no nujno e[e xoditú dostoqno prizvani\. Ibo xot\ b
drevnosti Gospodú v]vel narod Svoq iz Egipta, no, kogda narod etot ne preb]
l Emu veren, pogubil ego. Ne po[adi Gospodú I angelov, ne soblydwix svoego
hina. Poetomy doljno udal\tús\ ot ljeuhiteli pogibnut, kak sodoml\ne, Po-
tom prepodaet nravstvenn]e pravila, I molitvoq ko Gospodu ob utvepjdenii
veruy[ix v vere ix okanhivaet poslanie“. (Блаж. Феофилакт Болгарский
– послание Иуды).
rogorc vxedavT, aq aSkaradaa xazgasmuli, rom epistoles avtori
iuda-Tadeozad, imave lebeosad, aTormetTagan mociqulad, aris mox-
senebuli, rasac adastureben kidec rusi bibleistebi da RmrTism-
1. naxeT bolo wlebis ruseTisa da saqarTvelos nebismieri saeklesio

kalendarebi. aseve saberZneTis eklesiis dazustebuli ti pikoni- ΤΥΠΙΚΟΝ
ΤΕΣ ΕΚΚΛΕΣΙΑΣΤΙΚΗΣ ΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΙΑΣΣgv. 260
2. teqsti orive, rusul da qarTul enebze (qarTulad ixileT cota qvemoT)
srulad maTi igiveobis dasadastureblad gvaqvs motanili.
3. zog gamocemaSi mxolod „Apostol Iuda“ weria, rac, garkveulwilad,
mainc ar gamoricxavs epistoles avtoris aTormetTagan mociqulobis
deklarirebas.
9
etyvelebi. magaliTad, ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mRvdelm-
saxuri igor paSencevi, romelsac sakmaod saintereso rakursiT aqvs
wminda iuda mociqulis epistole ganmartebuli saxelwodebiT „iuda
mociqulis epistole - mowodeba sarwmunoebis siwmindisaken“, wers:
„netari Teofilaqte bulgareli Tvlida, rom avtori swored iuda
Tadeozia: „mociquli iuda Tadeozi am epistoles miswers maT, rom-
lebmac ukve irwmunes“. episkoposi mixeili (luzini) da aleqsandre
(milenti) aseve aigiveben epistoles avtors iuda iakobisTan, imave
lebeosTan (ar agverios levisTan) da TadeozTan (naxeT mT. 10.3;
mark. 3.18; lk. 6.16; saqm. 1.13; in. 14,21)“. (Pawencev Igorú Cv\[ennik
- Poslanie apostola Iud] ...).
es yvelaferi aSkarad zemoT moyvanili faqtebis zemoqmedebis
Sedegia.
aseTi daskvnis safuZvels gvaZlevs me-11 saukuneSi Rirsi efrem
mciris mier qarTul enaze gadmoTargmnili samociqulos wignTa ka-
tenuri ganmarteba, gamokrebili ioane oqropirisa da sxva wminda ma-
maTa Txzulebebidan. is ramdenimejer gamoica am bolo wlebSi. masSi
mocemuli wminda iuda mociqulis epistoles SesavalSi, romelic ru-
sul wyaroebSi netar Teofilaqte bulgarelis mier dawerilad aris
miCneuli, weria:
„xolo i u d a daswers T��
¢��
ssa mas ebistolesa axlad moq-
ceulTa morwmuneTa mimarT mizezisaT��
¢��
s, rameTu Semosrul vieT-
nime iyvnes macTurni, romelni ityodes, viTarmed arad sargebel ars
krZalua¡ codvisagan, da ufalsa uaryofdes. amisT¢s iiZula miwerad
da gankrZalvad ZmaTa, da pirvelad hlocavs, ra��
¡��
Ta iRuawon dadgro-
mad sarwmunoebasa mas zeda micemulsa maTda, da merme gangdebul
hyofs egeviTarTa maT, viTarca macTurTa da warwymedulTa, da amc-
nebs, ra¡Ta arcaRa ziareba¡ aqundes maTda mimarT. da ra¡Ta uwyodin,
viTarmed ara kma ars Cineba¡ xolo, ukueTu ara Rirsad Cinebisa mis
viqceodiT. da rameTu pirvelica eri gamoiyvana ufalman eg¢ptiT.
10
xolo vina��
¡��
Tgan ara daadgres sarwmunoebasa zeda, warwymidna. da an-
gelozTa, romelTa-igi ara daimarxes wesiereba¡ T¢si, ara hrida. da
rameTu miqael mTavarangelozmanca ver Tavs-idva gmoba¡ eSmakisa¡.
da aswavebs, viTarmed warwymeda��
¡��
iyos eseviTarTa��
¡��
maT, viTarca sod-
omisa da gomorisa¡. da merme aswavebs maT wesierebisaT¢s. da merme
ilocavs maTT¢s simtkicesa sarwmunoebisasa uflisa mier. da esreT
daasrulebs ebistolesa T¢issa“. (ganmarteba samociqulosi, gv. 585).
rogorc vxedavT, motanil teqstSi epistoles avtoris saxeli ar
aris dakonkretebuli sxva damxmare informaciiT da, miT umetes,
aSkaraa, rom ar Cans misi igiveoba wminda aTormetTagan iuda ia-
kobisTan (imave TadeozTan da imave lebeosTan). amas Tavad wminda
mRvdelmTavari ioane oqropiric ar adasturebs, radgan igi episto-
les pirveli muxlis ganmartebisas mxolod avtoris wminda iakob mo-
ciqulTan naTesaobaze (Zmobaze) amaxvilebs yuradRebas:
„raoden patiosan iyo winaSe iuda¡ssa moneba¡ qristesi, egodenve
Seimkvebis ZmobiTa iakobisiTa, romelni ese zogad saxel-idebodes
Zmad uflisa ZeobisaT¢s iosebissa, rameTu eseni Porcielad bunebiT
Svil iyvnes iosebissa, xolo ufali sity¢T oden iTqumoda vieTganve
miTxovisa misT¢s qalwulisa“. (iqve gv.587).
axla, rac Seexeba rus egzegetTa Sexedulebebs.
episkoposi mixeil luzini, Tavis TxzulebaSi „samociqulos
ganmarteba“, wminda iuda mociqulis epistoles ganmartebis Sesavlis
pirvel qveTavSi epistoles avtorobasTan dakavSirebiT wers:
„iudas kaTolike epistoles saxeliT cnobili epistoles avtori
aris aTormetTagani mociquli iuda, iakobisad wodebuli, igive lebe-
osi da Tadeozi (mT. 10.3; mark. 3.18; lk. 6.16; saqm. 1.3; da in.14.21).igi
iyo yovladwminda qalwulis damwindvelis, iosebis, Ze misi pirveli,
namdvili, colisagan da RviZli Zma saxarebebSi moxsenebuli iosebis
Zeebisa iudas mociqulebriv msaxurebaze uflis amaRlebis Semdgom
saeklesio gardamocema ambobs, rom man qristes saxareba iqadaga
11
pirvelad iudeaSi, galileaSi, samariaSi da idumeaSi, Semdgom ara-
beTSi, s i r i a da mesopotamiaSi da bolos sparseTsa da somx-
eTSi“. (Tolkov]q Apostol Soborn]e poslani\ str-c] 727-728).
xolo meore qveTavSi, sadac saubaria epistoles namdvilobaze,
anu mis mociqulebriv warmomavlobaze, igi aRniSnavs, rom:
„iudas kaTolike epistoles am mociqulisgan warmomavlobis WeS-
maritebaze garkveviT da aSkarad mowmoben: tertuliane, klimenti
aleqsandrieli (romelmac dawera yvela, da maT Soris, iudas kaTo-
like epistoles ganmarteba), Zveli, e. w. muratoris, kanoni da ori-
gene magram, e s e p i s t o l e a r aris uZvel es s
iriul T a r g m a n S i ( p e S i t o S i)“. (iqve str.728)
marTlac, gaugebaria da Znelad asaxsneli, Tu rogor ar unda
eTargmnaT da SeetanaT sirielebs sakuTari eris erT-erTi ganmana-
Tleblis epistole TavianT enaze Targmnil axali aRTqmis wignebSi.
sxva cnobili rusi bibleisti da egzegeti a. v. ivanovi ki wers:
„am epistoles avtori iudas, ieso qristes monas da iakobis Zmas,
uwodebs Tavis Tavs, magram rTuli gasarkvevia Tu vin iyo es iakobi.
dasavleli komentatorebi TiTqmis erTxmad am iudas iuda Tadeozis,
anu lebeosis, pirovnebasTan aigiveben (mT. 10.3), romelic 12 moci-
qulis ricxvSi imyofeboda da iuda iakobisa ewodeboda (lk. 6.16;
saqm. 1.13). magram radgan mociquli iuda Ze ufro iyo iakobisa, vi-
dre Zma, amitomac epistoles avtori SesavalSi Tavis mociqulebriv
Rirsebas ufro aRniSnavda, vidre iakobTan naTesaur kavSirs. amas-
Tan, am Rirsebas sruliadac ar axsenebs avtori da TiTqosda gamor-
icxavs kidec Tavis Tavs mociqulTa rigidan (17). amitom ufro samar-
Tliania, vaRiaroT, rom es iuda Zma iyo uflisa da, amdenad, ioseb
damwindvelis Ze misi pirveli colisgan da Zma iakobisa - pirveli
kaTolike epistoles avtorisa. aTormet mociqulTa rigSi igi ar Se-
dioda, iseve rogor uflis sxva Zmebi da iuda lebeosTan aranairi
kavSiri ar gaaCnda. gardamocemiT (Const.it.apost.7:46), igi Tavisi Zmis
12
memkvidre iyo ierusalimis eklesiis episkoposobaSi da domiciusis
dromde icocxla. sxva monacemebi misi cxovrebisa da gardacvalebis
Sesaxeb gardamocemas ar Semounaxavs“. (Ivanov A.V. - Str.529).
aSkaraa, rom am or egzegets radikalurad gansxvavebuli pozicia
aqvT am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. am gaugebrobis Tavidan acilebas
cdilobs sxva rusi egzegeti, mTavarepiskoposi amberki (tauSevi) Ta-
vis TxzulebaSi: „saxelmZRvanelo axali aRTqmis wignebis Sesaswav-
lad“. igi wminda iuda mociqulis epistoles ganmartebisas qveTavSi
„cnobebi avtoris Sesaxeb“ TiTqmis sityvasityviT imeorebs episkop-
os mixeilis Sexedulebas da, rogorc etyoba, iziarebs kidec mas,
magram damatebiT aRniSnavs:1
„zogierTi Tvlis, rom am epistoles avtors saerTo araferi aqvs
iuda iakobisTan, anu TadeozTan da lebeosTan, da rom igi ar Sedio-
da aTormet mociqulTa ricxvSi (me-17 muxlSi igi TiTqosda gamor-
icxavs Tavis Tavs mociqulTa rigebidan). aramed mxolod zogadi
mniSvnelobiT iwodeboda „mociqulad“ da, radganac sinamdvileSi iyo
iakobis Zma, amitomac iTvleboda iakobis msgavsad „uflis Zmad“.
aseTi Sexedulebis dasturad imowmeben ioanes saxarebis 7.5, sa-
dac naTqvamia, rom „iesos Zmebs“ misi (macxovris) amqveynad moRvaweo-
bis Jams ar swamdaT misi, ris gamoc ver gaxdnen aTormet mociqulTa
ricxvSi arCevis Rirsi. amas garda, Tvlian, rom aTormetTagani iuda
ver iqneboda am epistoles avtori, radgan igi qristes saxarebis saqa-
dageblad siriaSic moRvaweobda da edesSi aResrula, magram, amasTan,
siriul TargmanSi, peSitoSi, iudas epistole ar Sedis“. (Arxiepiskop
Averkiq - str-ci 552-553).
1. mTavarepiskopos amberki tauSevis wigni „saxelmZRvanelo axali aRTqmis wignebis
Sesaswavlad“ qarTul enaze Tematurad ramdenime nawilad aris Targmnili da
Cvenc gamoviyeneT statiis Temis Sesabamisad mis erTerTi nawili - „kaTolike
epistoleebi“, magram motanili citata rusuli saxelmZRvanelodan Tavidan
vTargmneT, radgan zemoT aRniSnul qarTul TargmanSi (gv. 103) ise Cans,
rom TiTqos avtori ar eTanxmeba ruseTis eklesiis oficialur azrs am
epistoles avtoris iuda-TadeozTan, aTormetTagan mociqulTan gaigivebas,
rac sinamdvileSi ar Seesabameba originalSi mocemul teqsts.
13
da iqve akeTebs garkveulwilad samarTlian daskvnas:
„am sakiTxis saboloo da avtoritetuli gadawyveta monacemebis
simwiris gamo SeuZlebelia“.
aq SevniSnavT, rom zemoT naxsenebi mRvdeli igor paSencevi am or
mociquls ar aigivebs erTmaneTTan:
„TumcaRa orive Sexedulebas aqvs arsebobis ufleba, magram ufro
metad savaraudoa, rom kanonikuri rigiT bolo epistoles avtori
iyo uflis xorcieli Zma iuda, ioseb damwindvelis Ze misi pirve-
li colisagan da Zma iakobisa, ierusalimis pirveli episkoposisa da
pirveli epistoles avtorisa“. (Pawencev Igorú Cv\[ennik - Poslanie
apostola Iud] ...).
sxvaTa Soris, wina saukuneebSi qarTul eklesiaSic, ruseTis ekle-
siisagan damoukideblad, SeiniSneba zemoT xsenebul mociqulTa gai-
givebis faqtebi berZnul wyaroebze dayrdnobiT. magaliTad, ioane
qsifilinosis metafrasul krebulSi, 20 agvistos (?!) svinaqsarSi (ix.
qvemoT #1 da #2) Semdegi informacia da Sesabamisi teqstia moce-
muli:
„Tvesa ag¢stosa k, mosaPsenebeli wmidisa mociqulisa T a d e o
sis mimarT, romelsa ewodeboda l e b e o s i c a, luka¡s mier,
i u d a c a. mamao guakurTxen.
viTar hgavs ukana��
¡��
sknel mun mk��
¢��
drobis Seyuarebisa misisagan Sec-
TomilTa, rameTu moZRurisa qristHsagan warivlina avgarozis mimarT
qalaqisa mis mTavrisa, viTarca quemore sityuaman warmoTquas; xolo
uWeSmaritesi da zogad yovelTa mier aRsaarebuli kacisa amisaT¢si
Txroba¡ Z e d i o s e b i s a d icnobs mas da uflisa Cuenisa iesu
qristes P o r c i e l a d Z m a d, viTarca ikiTxebisca. rameTu
xedvida ra¡ igica da esmodes mravalni saqmeni Zmisani, da orTave
mier CuHnebulsa, viTar WeSmarit saRmrTosa da kacebisa uzesTaessa
Zalsa, Seudga mas wadierebiT da yovelsave Sina qristes damowafe-
buli, eseca mis mier gamoirCia da a T o r m e t T a Tana aRiracxa“.
(K-1 - 417v-118r).
14
#1 da # 2
quTaisis muzeumSi daculi xelnaweri
k1. K-1. metafrasi (XVI s) - Tebervlisa da
agvistos TveTa svinaqsaruli sakiTxa-
vebi vebi. 417v - 418r
15
xolo Semdgom ganviTarebul movlenebze saubrobs da aRniSnavs:
„... garna viTar kaci dafluli igi, mesamesa dResa aRdga viTarca
RmerTi. da safvlelTa calierad damtevebeli da aRdgomili, eCu��
H-
na pirvelad ukuH dedasa missa, da maRdalinelsa mariams, xolo merme
petres da ioanes, mowafeTa upiratesTa. egreT CuHnca, aTormetTa
mociqulTa, romelni vWamdiTca da vsu��
H��
mdiT mis Tana, Semdgomad aR-
dgomisa misisa mkudarTagan srulTa ormeocTa dReTa mCensa CuHnsa.
amis Semdgom winaSe TualTa CuHnTa kualad amaRlda zecad, vina¡
gardamovida. romleman yovlad soflad warmavlinna Cu��
H��
n, ra��
¡��
Ta vqa-
dagebdeT saxeliTa misiTa sinanulsa da codvaTa mitevebasa yovelTa
mimarT warmarTTa, da naTel vscemdeT maT wyliTa wmidiTa da sax-
elisa mamisa da Zisa da wmidisa sulisa“. (iqve gv.501r).
aSkaraa, rom ioane qsifilinosi aq sam mociquls aerTianebs:
aTormetTagan wm. iudas (imave Tadeozs, imave lebeoss) aigivebs sa-
mocdaaTTagan wm. iuda mociqulTan, uflis xorciel ZmasTan da,
amas garda, qalaq edesSi ganviTarebuli movlenebSi monawileobis
gamo wm. samocdaaTTagan mociqulTan TadeozTan, imave lebeosTan,
radgan, eklesiaSi miRebuli gardamocemiT, swored am ukanasknelma
moaqcia edeselTa sofeli.
aRsaniSnavia, rom ioane qsifilinosis am svinaqsaris Sinaarss da
wmindanis xsenebis TariRs ar eTanxmeba sxvadasxva saukunis oTxTavis
saZieblisa da minologiis, anu Tvenis sakiTxavebis, Sesabamisi mona-
cemebi. magaliTad, me-11 s. saxarebis saZiebeli (K-76 — me-11 saukunis
saTveo saZiebeli). wminda iuda mociqulis xsenebis TariRad 22 maiss
gvTavazobs (ix. qvemoT # 3), xolo wminda Tadeoz mociqulisa - 19
ivniss (ix. qvemoT # 4),
16
#3
„maissa kb (22) wmidisa mociqulisa iuda moSurnisa¡ …“. KK-76 - gv. 338 v
#4
„ivnis(s)a iT (19) wmidisa mo
ciqulisa Tadeozisi“. k-76
- gv. 340 v
me - 16 - me -17 saukunis oTxTavis saZiebeli (K -132) ki Sesabamisad

26 maissa (ix. qvemoT # 5) da 21 agvistos (ix. qvemoT # 6).
#5
„kv (maissa - wmidisa iuda mociqulisa“. K -132 - gv. 632 v
2. გელათის სასულიერო აკადემიისა და სემინარიის შრომები

17
#6.
„ka (agvistosa) wmidisa iuda mociqulisa ...“. K-132 - gv. 639 v
me-16 (K-38) da me-17 (K-16) ss. gulanebis saTveo sakiTxavebi, rom-

lebic aseve ganasxvaveben am or mociquls, maTi xsenebis TariRebad
gvTavazoben: iuda mociqulisa - 22 maissa da 19 ivniss - 22 maissa da
27 aprilze, wminda mRvdelmowame s¢imeonis, uflis naTesavis, dReze,
miTiTebiT (ix. qvemoT # 7, 8, 9 da 10), xolo Tadeoz mociqulisa - 19
ivniss.
#7.
„Tuesa maissa kb wmidisa iuda mociqulisa ...“. K -16 - gv. 688 v
18
#8.
„Tuesa ivnissa iT - wmidisa mociqulisa iuda Zmisa uflisa: gangeba¡ da
sagalobeli maissa kb hpoo da aprilsa kz. amasve dResa wmidisa Tadeoz moci-
qulisa“. K -16 - gv. 721 r
#9.
„Tuesa maissa kb wmidisa iuda mociqulisa ...“. K -38 - gv. 575 r
# 10.
„Tuesa ivnissa iT — wmidisa mociqulisa iuda Zmisa uflisa: gangeba¡ da
sagalobeli maissa kb hpoo da aprilsa kz. yovelive mandeT igalobeT; oxiTa:
naTesavad qristHsa. amasve dResa wmidisa Tadeoz mociqulisa“. K -38 - gv. 603v
19
saintersoa, rom 22 maisis gangebaSi, sadac mocemulia wm. iuda mo-
ciqulis liturgiuli sakiTxavebi, romlis wakiTxvasac miuTiTebs 19
ivnisis gangeba (ix. zemoT #7), aSkarad aTormetTagan wm. iuda ia-
kobisa igulisxmeba, razec miuTiTebs saciskro galobaTa mravali
dasdebeli (tropari), magaliTad:
me-3 galobis tropari:
„ara¡ midrka goneba¡ Seni saqmeTa soflisaTa, netaro mociqulo
qristes RmrTisao, aramed mswrafl Seudeg1 mcnebaTa misTa gan-
macxovelebelTa, romlisa didebiTa savse arian cani da queyana¡“.
„euwya sak¢rveleba¡ RmrTeebisa Senisa, qriste, mociqulsa iudas
da dauk¢rda qceva¡ Seni simdabliT kacTa Soris, RmrTad aRgiara2 da
RaRad-yo wadierebiT: dideba¡ Zalsa Sensa, ufalo“.
„naTliTa mociqulobisa¡Ta Semkobili dasjed saydarTa zeda,
iuda, raJams movides meufH dResa mas ukana¡sknelsa da amxilebdes
huriaTa da miagebdes kacTa saqmeTa maTTaebr“.
„waravline iuda mociquli kideTa queyanisaTa mowodebad warmarT-
Ta sarwmunoebad da xarebad Senda, yovelTa meufisa, qriste Rmer-
To, da aRavso sofeli cnobiTa SeniTa“.
„enaTa mier cecxlisaTa aRivsen Sen, iuda, da sityuani gamouTqu-
melni iswaven, sanatrelo, da ��
P��
ma��
¡��
tkbilad ityode, akurTxevdiT saq-
meni uflisani ufalsa da aRamaRlebdiT mas ukunisamde“, da sxva.
rac Seexeba mis uflis xorciel Zmobas, igi mxolod erT dasdeb-
elSia motanili (ix. qvemoT, #11)
1. es sityvebi aSkarad ewinaaRmdegeba saxarebiseul Txrobas, rom macxovris
xorciel Zmebs ar swamdaT misi mkvdreTiT aRdgomamde (in. 7.5), amasTan es
informacia moyvanilia mas Semdeg, rac macxovarma gamoirCia aTormeti
mociquli.
2. aq imave mdgomareobasTan gvaqvs saqme.
20
„eha, viTari moRuawe moemadla damaskesa, tkbili da uZili, rom-
eli iPsnis gansacdelTa da urvaTagan momavalTa mis zeda mterTa
mier, iuda mociquli, Zma¡ uflisa¡,1 yovlad didebuli“.
#11
K -16 gv.690 v
ase rom, SeiZleba davaskvnaT: arc saqarTvelos samociqulo ekl-
esiaSi SeimCneoda erTgvarovani suraTi am sakiTxSi. zemoT moyvani-
li masalebi, romlebic, rogorc aRvniSneT, marTalia, ganasxvavebs
aTormetTagan wminda iuda mociquls samocdaaTTagan wminda Tadeoz
mociqulisgan, magram maTgan pirvels aigiveben uflis xorciel Zmas-
Tan, rac, umravles (gansakuTrebiT bolo saukuneebis) egzegetTa da
mkvlevarTa azriT, miuRebelia, radgan, raoden gasakviric unda iyos,
aSkarad ewinaaRmdegeba wminda werilsa da eklesiis gardamocemas.
ra argumentebi gaaCniaT am mosazrebis momxreebs? magaliTad, me-19
saukuneSi moRvawe rusi bibleisti, sxvadasxva dros tambovisa da vo-
roneJis sasuliero seminariebis reqtori, mTavarepiskoposi dimitri
(sambikini) Tavis monografiaSi - „samocdaaTTagan mociqulTa kreba“,
sakmaod damajereblad ganasxvavebs aTormetTagan mociquls wminda
1. wina or SeniSvnaSi motanili 22 maisis sakiTxavebis winaaRmdegoba saxarebasTan
da masSi iuda mociqulis macxovris xorciel Zmobis Taobaze mxolod es
erTaderTi informacia, aseve 19 iv-niss 22 maisis garda kidev 27 aprilis
miTiTeba (ix. zemoT #8 da #10) wm. s¢meon samocdaaTTagan mociqulis
(romelic aseve uflis xorciel Zmaa) sakiTxavebze, Cveni azriT, seriozul
Seusabamobas badebs.
21
iuda iakobisas da uflis xorcieli Zmas, samocdaaTTagan wminda iuda
mociquls. igi wers:
zogierTi am mociqul iudas, aTormet mociqulTa ricxvs miaTv-
lis, magram amas ewinaaRmdegeba Semdegi monacemebi:
1. saxarebidan (in. 7.5; mT. 12.46) cxadad Cans, rom „uflis Zmebs“
ieso qristes amqveyniuri cxovrebis dros ar swamdaT misi, amas-
Tan erTad, 12 mociquli maradis dayveboda macxovars da mis
moZRvrebas qadagebdnen;
2. kaTolike epistoles avtori iuda iakobis Zmas uwodebs Tavis
Tavs (1 muxli). ramdenadac wminda werilis wignebidan, mama-
Ta Txzulebebidan da TviT apokrifebidanac ki aris cnobili,
es mociquli arsad ar iwodeba sxva romelime saxeliT; xolo
aTormetTagani mociquli iuda maTe maxarebelTan (10.3) leb-
eosad aris wodebuli, xolo wminda markozTan (3.19) - Tadeozad;
3. iuda, Zma iakobisi, Tavis epistoleSi aSkarad ganasxvavebs Tavs
mociqulebisagan, romlebSic aTormetni igulisxmebian („xolo
Tquen, sayuarelno, moiPseneniT sityuani igi, winawar Tqmulni
mociqulTa mier uflisa Cuenisa iesu qristesTa.) (muxli 17);
4. lukas saxarebaSi (6.16) aTormetTagani mociquli iuda iakobisad
iwodeba - anu Zed iakobisa; 12 mociqulis CamonaTvalSi maxare-
blebTan (mT. 10.3; mark. 3.19; saqm. 1.13) maTi mamis saxelebic moix-
seneba (rogorc: ioane zebedesi, iakob alfesi); xolo Zmebze cxa-
dad aris naTqvami, rom esa Tu is - Zmaa ama Tu imisa (magaliTad,
rogorc: andria, Zma petresi; ioane, Zma iakobisi), aqedan gamomdi-
nare, iuda, Zma iakob marTlisa, ioseb damwindvelis Ze iyo da ar
miekuTvneboda aTormet mociqulTa ricxvs (rogorc zogierTebi
fiqroben) da es iuda ar unda agverios iuda mociqulSi (imave leb-
eossa da imave TadeozSi), romelic aTormet mociqulTa ricxvSi
imyofeboda, rasac vawydebiT mraval mweralTan“. (Arxiepiskop Dim-
itriq (Sambikin) - Sobor sv. 70-ti apostolov - Sv\toq apostolú Iuda).
22
aseve me-19 saukunis bolo meoTxedsa da me-20 saukunis pirvel
mesamedSi moRvawe cnobili rusi bibleisti, mTavarepiskoposi vasili
(bogdaSevski), aRniSnavs:
„am epistoles avtori Tavis Tavs uwodebs:
„iuda, iesu qristes mona¡ da Zma¡ iakobisi ...“ (iud. 1.1).
bolo sityva miuTiTebs, rom iakobi, romlis Zmasac aris episto-
les avtori, udidesi pirovneba iyo, romelic didi avtoritetiT
sargeblobda eklesiaSi. igi an iakob alfesia, aTormetTagani moci-
quli, an iakobi, Zma uflisa, ierusalimis eklesiis gamoCenili winamZ-
Rvari (am ori pirovnebis gaigivebis usafuZvloba ixile amave encik-
lopediis VI. 42-44). magram iakob alfess, imave iakob mcires (simaRlis
gamo), oTxTavis mowmobiT, erTi Zma hyavda:1
„iyvnes mun dedanica mravalni, romelni SoriT xedvides, romelni
Seudges iesus galilea¡T da hmsaxurebdes mas. romelTa Tana iyo
mariam magdalineli da m a r i a m i a k o b i s i da i o s e s
d e d a ¡ da deda¡ ZeTa zebedesTa¡.“ (mT. 27.55-56);
„xolo iyvnes dedanica, romelni SoriT xedvides, romelTa Tana
iyo mariam magdaleneli da mariam iakobisi m c i r i-
sa¡ da ioses deda¡ da salome, romelni, odes iyo
galileas, Seudges mas da hmsaxurebdes ...“ (mark. 15.40-41).
meores mxriv, aTormetTagan mociqulTa ricxvSi myofi iuda ia-
kobisi, romelsac maTesTan lebeosi, Tadeozad wodebuli (mT. 10.4),
xolo markozTan Tadeozi (mark. 3. 18) ewodeba, aris Ze iakobisa da
ara Zma iakobisa. amitom, gansaxilveli epistoles avtori, iuda, aris
iakob marTlis, ierusalimis eklesiis episkoposis, umcrosi Zma (mT.
13.55) an erT-erTi umcrosTagan (mark. 6.3) „uflis xorciel Zmebs So-
ris ...2“. (ПРАВЛСЛАВНАЯ БОГОСЛОВСКАЯ ЭНЦЫКЛОПЕДИЯ – „Iуда
1. aq avtors mxolod miniSnebuli aqvs saxarebiseuli muxlebi, Cven ki sicxa-
disaTvis srulad mogvyavs isini;
2. da Semdgom avtors mohyavs mRvdelmTavar klimenti aleqsandrielis citata,
romelic Cven zemoT gvaqvs motanili (ix. SeniSvna 2);
23
Апостолъ и его послание“ Столбы 520-521). cnobili rusi RmrTismetyve-
li, kanonikuri samarTlis doqtori da eklesiis istorikosi sergei
viqtoris Ze troicki Tavis statiaSi iuda iakobisas Sesaxeb - „Iuda
Iakovlevú“ („iuda iakobisa“), iseve rogorc zemoT motanili arqiepis-
kopos vasilis (bogdaSevski) statia „Iuda apostolú I ego poslanie“
„mociquli iuda da misi epistole“ 1906 wels „marTlmadideblur
qristianuli enciklopediis“ me-7 tomSi daibeWda, is aseve ganasx-
vavebs aTormetTagan mociquls wm. iuda iakobisas da uflis xor-
cieli Zmas, samocdaaTTagan wminda iuda mociquls. is Tavisi statiis
bolos aRniSnavs:
„iuda iakobisa ar unda gavaigivoT iudasTan, uflis xorciel
ZmasTan (mT. 13.55; mark. 6.3; Sead. iud. 1). jer erTi, imitom, rom
am SemTxvevaSi „uflis Zmas“ iakobs iakob alfesisTan gavaigiveb-
diT. meorec, ufro swori iqneba iTargmnos ara „iakobis Zmad“, e.
i. uflis Zmad (iud. 1), aramed „Zed iakobisa“ (romelic istoriaSi
ar aris cnobili)1. mesame, „uflis Zmis“ iudas gaigiveba iuda moci-
qulis epistoles avtorTan aSkaraa (ix. zemoT), magram epistoles
avtori ar SeiZleba aTormet mociqulTa rigs mivakuTvnoT, vinaidan
Tavis mkiTxvelebs arwmunebs: „xolo Tquen, sayuarelno, moiPseneniT
sityuani igi, winawar Tqmulni mociqulTa mier uflisa Cuenisa iesu
qristesTa (muxli 17) da Tavis Tavs mxolod „Zma¡ iakobisi“ (muxli 1)
uwodebs, - aSkaraa aRiarebuli Zmis avtoritetis gamoyenebis mizniT.
maSasadame, ara SeiZleba „uflis Zmis“ iudas gaerTianeba aTormet-
Tagan iuda iakobisasTan. am ori pirovnebis gansxvavebis sicxade
gardamocemaSi im garemoebis gamoa bundovani, rom biografiuli
cnobebi, romlebic iuda Tadeozs miewereba, misgan gansxvavebuli sa-
mocdaaTTaganad cnobili Tadeozisagan aqvs miwerili2“. (Pravaslavna\
1. igulisxmeba aTormetTagani iuda-Tadeozis mama, iakobi;

2. swored es movlenaa Cven mier zemoT motanil ioane qsifilinosis metafrasul
krebulSi, 20 agvistos svinaqsarSi;
24
bogoslovska\ enc]klopedi\ - Stolb] 520-521).
magram bolo saukuneebis bibliis mkvlevarebs, romlebic, rogorc
wesi, umeteswilad zedmetad kritikulad udgebian yvelafers, aqvT
sawinaaRmdego mosazrebebic. kerZod:
pirveli - Tuki iuda macxovris Zma iyo, ratom ar ambobs pirdapir?
ratom aRniSnavs, rom igi aris iuda, Zma iakobisi, da ara iuda, Zma
iesosi?
sakmarisi iqneboda gvepasuxa, rom mas ar undoda adresatis winaSe
aseTi sapatio Rirsebis xazgasma Tavisi simdablis gamo. Tumca isic
unda aRiniSnos, rom arc wminda iuda mociqulis mier avtoritetad
gamoyenebuli wminda iakob mociquli, romelic, marTlmadidebel eg-
zegetTa umravlesobis SexedulebiT, sinamdvileSi iyo misi Zma, ar
acxadebs macxovris xorciel Zmobas Tavisi epistoles SesavalSi (iak.
1.1).
amas garda, logikuricaa da koreqtulic, rom wminda ioseb dam-
windvelis Zeebi macxovarTan xorcieli naTesaobis nacvlad (rac
saRmrTo gangebulebiT aResrula) masTan sulieri damokidebulebis
xazgasmas amjobineben. amiT isini, sulac ar aris gamoricxuli, rom
macxovris RmrTeebriobas da RmrTismSobel mariamis maradis qalwu-
lobas usvamen xazs, radgan sxvas vis, Tu ara maT, romlebsac jer ar
swamdaT macxovrisa (ix. mT. 12. 46; in. 7.5) da mxolod misi aRdgomis
Semdeg iwames igi (1 kor. 15.7; saqm. 1.13), kargad uwyoden, rom maTi
RmrTeebrivi Zma mxolodSobili iyo rogorc mamisagan - RmrTeebrivi
bunebiT, aseve dedisagan - adamianuri bunebiT.
meore - zogierTi mkvlevari eWvs gamoTqvams, rom wminda iuda
mociquli, romelic ar miekuTvneboda mociqulTa rigebs, „uflis
monad“1 Tavis warmoCeniT cdilobs am titulis miTvisebas.
1. saqme isaa, rom Zvel aRTqmaSi tituli „mona RmrTisa“ winaswarmetyvelTa
sakuTreba iyo: „ara qmnas ufalman RmerTman saqme, ara Tu gamoacxados
swavla¡ misi monaTa mimarT T¢sTa winawarmetyuelelTa“ (amos. 3.7). axali
aRTqmis periodSi am tituls mociqulebic atarebdnen. amitomac aris rom
uflisagan gamorCeuli mociqulebi TavianT epistoleebSi xSirad iyeneben
25
ra SeiZleba vupasuxoT maT? pirvel rigSi - tituli „ieso qristes
mona“ - wminda werilSi, axal aRTqmaSi, miewereba ara marto uflis
mier gamorCeul aTormet mociqulsa da wminda pavle mociquls, ar-
amed, rom araferi vTqvaT wminda iakob mociqulze, uflis xorciel
Zmaze, wminda pavle mociqulis mowafe wminda timoTe mociqulsac
(fil. 1.1). meore - uflis amaRlebis Semdeg Cven vxedavT, rom uflis
xorcieli Zmebi miTvlilni arian TerTmet mociquls (saqm. 1.14) da
Semdgom wminda pavle mociquli gvatyobinebs, rom maT aqtiuri monaw-
ileoba miiRes eklesiis misionerul saqmianobaSi (1kor. 9.5). ase rom,
wminda iuda mociquli, uflis xorcieli Zma, samarTlianad ikuTvnebs
„uflis monis“ tituls.
mesame - zogierTebi amtkiceben, rom uflis Zma iuda ver dawerda
epistoles aseTi gamarTuli berZnuliT, radgan igi arameul enaze
metyvelebda.
magram es susti argumentia. rom araferi vTqvaT suliwmidis mier
boZebul enebze metyvelebis niWze, wminda iuda mociquls, didi
albaTobiT, ecodineboda berZnuli, radgan igi maSindeli imperiis
universalur enas warmoadgenda, romelzec, mSobliuri enis garda,
laparakobda yvela. rac Seexeba imas, rom epistole gamarTuli ber-
ZnuliT aris dawerili, avtors SeeZlo hyoloda iseTive TanaSemwe da
mTargmneli, rogor wminda petre mociquls - wminda silovane moci-
quli (1 petr. 5.12).
aq kidev erT arguments moviyvanT imis sasargeblod, rom episto-
les avtori ar SeiZleba iyos aTormetTagani mociquli.
wminda iakob mociqulis, uflis xorcieli Zmis, cxovrebis Sesaxeb
bizantiuri svinaqsari mogviTxrobs, rom, gardamocemis Tanaxmad,
roca wminda ioseb damwindvelma Tavisi miwebi daunawila Svilebs,
misma Zeebma pirveli qorwinebidan uari ganacxades yrma iesosTvis
wilis micemaze. mxolod iakobma gauyo mas Tavisi nawili. amasTan,
mas, magaliTad: wm. pavle mociquli — rom. 1.1; fil. 1.1; 1tim. 1.1.da wm.
petre mociquli — 2petr. 1.1.
26
cnobilia isic, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, rom macxovris amqveyniuri
cxovrebis dros iakobsa da mis Zmebs ar swamdaT misi (in. 7.5), amas
garda, macxovarma, romelsac ukve gamorCeuli hyavda Tormeti moci-
quli, rodesac igi
„movida mamulad T��
¢��
sad da aswavebda maT SesakrebelTa Soris maT-
Ta, vidremdis ganuk¢rdeboda maT da ityodes: vina¡ ars amisa sibrZne
ese da Zali? ... da dabrkoldebodes misT¢s ...“(mT. 13. 54, 57), xazi
gausva, rom „ ... ara ars wina¡swarmetyveli Seuracx, garna sofelsa
T¢ssa da saxlsa Sina T ¢ s s a“ (mT. 13.57).
amitom iyo, rom wminda iakob mociquli, xorcieli Zma uflisa da
ierusalimis pirveli episkoposi, ver Sevida aTormet mociqulTa
ricxvSi. Tu es asea, maSin rogorRa gaxdeboda macxovris sxva Zma,
kerZod iuda, aTormetTagani mociquli, mas xom naklebi Sansi hqon-
da, vidre iakobs? sxvaTa Soris, wminda iuda mociqulis svinaqsar-
Si swored amiT aris axsnili is faqti, rom wminda iuda mociquli
(svinaqsaris mixedviT aTormet mociqulTagani) ar axsenebs ufal-
Tan xorciel naTesaobas, radgan rcxvenoda misi zemoT moyvanili
saqcielisa da misi Zmis, wminda iakob mociqulis, saxels amoefara.
da bolos aRvniSnavT Cveni Sexedulebis yvelaze mniSvnelovan ar-
guments. kerZod, bibleistikaSi wminda iuda mociqulis epistoles
avtorobis sakiTxTan dakavSirebul gamokvlevebze dayrdnobiT:
„eladis marTlmadidebelma eklesiam 2005 wlidan Tavis oficial-
ur kalendarSi (aTormet mociqulTa ricxvidan) gamoyo (wminda)
iuda mociquli, Zma uflisa, Seiyvana igi rogorc calke piri da misi
xseneba daawesa imave dRes (wminda) mociqul iuda-Tadeoz-lebeos
mociqulTan erTad - 19 ivniss (Δίπτυχα. 2005. Σ 200)“. (Pravosl. Encik-
lopedi\. - Iuda - (qveTavi) Evolyci\ greheskoq tradicii pohitani\ Iud]).
aqve mogvyavs eladis eklesiis 2015 wlis saeklesio kalendridan
19 ivnisis gangeba:
27
„19. paraskevi. mociqulisa iudasi Tadeozisa igive lebeosisa, da
mociquli-sa iudasi Zmisa uflisa. mowamisa zosimesi (me-2 s.). Rir-
sisa paisi didisa.
samociqulo: .... epist. ... (iuda 1-25).
saxareba: ioane mociqulisa. 19 (in. 14.21-24).“
ase rom, wminda iuda mociqulis kaTolike epistoles avtoria ara
aTormetTagani iuda (igive Tadeozi, igive lebeosi) mociquli, aramed
uflis xorcieli Zma wminda iuda, uflis samocdaaT mociqulTagani.
rac Seexeba imas, Tu ratom ar aris es ukanaskneli moxsenebuli im
samocdaaTTagan mociqulTa Soris, romelTa xsenebac erToblivad 4
ianvars aris dawesebuli sruliad marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi, Cve-
ni azriT, aSkarad misi aTormetTagan wminda iuda mociqulTan gai-
givebis Sedegia.
28
gamoyenebuli wyaroebi da literatura
1. „axali aRTquma��
¡��
uflisa Cuenisa iesu qristesi“, saqarTvelos sapa-
triarqo, gamomcemloba „alilo“, Tb. 20011
2. amberki (tauSevi), mTavarepiskoposi - saxelmZRvanelo axali aRTqmis
wignebis Sesaswavlad kaTolike epistoleebi - gamomc.: „feriscva-
leba“, quTaisi, 2012
3. „biblia“ - saqarTvelos sapatriarqos gamocema. saqarTvelos ssr
gamomcemlobaTa kombinati, Tb. 1989
4. „biblia“ - yvela arsebuli redaqciisa da nusxis mixedviT gamosace-
mad moamzada ediSer WeliZem; gamomc.: „alilo“da „qronikoni“, Tb.
2015
5. ganmarteba samociqulosi, gamokrebili wm. ioane oqropirisa da
sxva wmidaTa mamaTa Txzulebebidan - Targmn. wm efrem mcirisa, naw.
I, Tb. 2000
6. k-1-metafrasi (XVI-saukunis xelnaweri)
7. k-11-tipikoni (XVII-saukunis xelnaweri)
8. k-16-gulani (XVII-saukunis xelnaweri)
9. k-38-gulani (XI-saukunis xelnaweri)
10. k-76-oTxTavi (XVI-saukunis xelnaweri)
11. k-132-metafrasi (XVI-XVII saukuneebis xelnaweri)
12.Arxiepiskop Averkiq - HETVEROEVANGELIE. APOSTOL - rukovodstvo
k izuheniy sv\[ennogo pisani\ novogo zaveta - izd-vo PSTBI, M.2003
13. Ivanob A.V. - Rukovodstvo k izuheniy Novogo Zaveta. SPb, 2002
14.PRAVASLAVNA| BOGOSLOVSKA| ENC}KLOPEDI| - Iuda Apostolú
I ego poslanie(Sostavlen pod redakceq N.N.GLUBOKOVSKOGO,…) -
IZDANIE preenikovú professor A.A. Lopuxina, S. - PETERBURG, 1906.
15.TOLKOV}Q APOSTOL - Soborn]e poslani\ izú\sn¸nn]e episkopom
Mixailom Luzin]m - Pehataets\ po izdaniy: Tolkov]q Apostol. De\ni\ I
poslani\ apostolov. Kiev. 1905. - Izd-vo Pravilo ver], M.2009
29
16.BBlajenn]q Feofilakt Bolgarskiq - BLAGOVESTNIK, kniga vtora\
TOLKOVANIE NA SOBORNOE POSLANIE SV|TOGO APOSTOLA
IUD} - izdatelúctvo sretenskogo monist]r\, M.2002
17.ΤΥΠΙΚΟΝ ΤΕΣ ΕΚΚΛΕΣΙΑΣΤΙΚΗΣ ΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΙΑΣ - Τής έν Ί
εροσολυμο-ιςά γίος Λαυρας τού ό σίυς καί Θεοθορου πατρὸςἡηῶν
Σαββα, ΕΝ ΙΕΡΟΣΟΛΥΜΟΙΣ, 2012
18.Berkli Uilú\m - Komentarii k Novomu Zavetu (11) - Komentarii na
poslanie Iud] www. Azbyka.ru/biblia/?3jn.1&crg-is bmuli. http://azby-
ka.ru/otechnik/Biblia/kommentarii-k-novomu-zavetu/11_1 -��
(��
ukanaskne-
lad gadavamowmeT 27.11.2016)
19. Pravoslavna\ Enciklopedi\ - http://www.pravenc.ru/text/1237747.
html#part_20 ukanasknelad gadavamowmeT)
20.DDimitriy (Sambikin), Arxiepiskop - Sobor sv.70-ti apostolov - Sv\
toy apostol Iuda. http://mstud.org/library/s/sambikin/70/iyda.htm
(ukanasknelad gadavamowmeT 27.11.2016)
21.PPahencev Igorú Sv\wennik - Poslanie apostola Iud] kak priz]v k
histote verыhttp://tschufarowo.prihod.ru/antisectant/view/id/1121967
(ukanasknelad gadavamowmeT)
22. Sagarda A. I. - Epotipos] Klimenta Aleksandriyskogo - Apublikovano:
Xristianskoe htenie. 1913. № 9. S. 1105-1127 (www.spbda.ru) -http://
christian-reading.info/data/1913/09/1913-09-05.pdf (��
ukanasknelad ga-
davamowmeT 27.11.2016)
30
NOn the Authorship of the Catholic Epistle of St. Jude the Apostle
Nikoloz Gvilava
From ancient times there has been a difference of opinions related to the
authorship of the New Testament books of the Holy Scripture. From the 19th
century until the present there have been done intensive researches on the
issue in the history of Bible Study. For instance, for centuries the author of
the Catholic Epistle of St. Jude the Apostle was considered to be St. Jude
of the Twelve (the same Thaddeus or Labbeus), who was identified with the
Savior's flesh brother St. Jude the Apostle and St. Thaddeus (the same Lab-
beus) of the seventy. In the later centuries the first two were still identified in
Menaion and Synaxarion readings but there was set a separate commemora-
tion date - August 21 for the latter.
In our article we tried to clarify the identity of the author of the above men-
tioned Catholic Epistle based on the oldest Menaion and Synaxarion read-
ings of the Gospel indexes as well as the considerations of the known modern
Bible scholars and those of the 19th and 20th centuries. While searching we
also used the Georgian sources related to the issue - Kutaisi Historical Mu-
seum manuscripts.
Based on the analysis of the above mentioned sources and works, we be-
lieve that the author of the epistle of St. Jude the Apostle is the Holy Apostle
Jude of the Seventy, the flesh brother of the Lord who should not be identified
with St. Jude of the Twelve, the son of James (the same Thaddeus and the
same Labbeus). And we agree with the Greek Orthodox Church, which since
2005 in its official church calendar – Diptychs, has taken out St. Jude the
Apostle, the flesh brother of the Lord from the number of the twelve apostles
and received him as a separate person and set the date for his commemora-
tion on the same day as that of the Holy Apostle Jude (Thaddeus-Labbeus)
on June 19.
As for why the flesh brother of the Lord, St. Jude the Apostle - the author
31
of the Catholic Epistle is not mentioned among the Seventy Apostles whose
commemoration date is set on January 4 in the entire Orthodox Church, it is
as a result of his identification with the Holy Apostle Jude of the Twelve, we
believe.
32
wminda maqsime aRmsareblis cxovreba da moRvaweoba
dekanozi irakli axalaZe
wminda mama maqsime aRmsarebeli qristes eklesiis erT-erTi ugamor-

Ceulesi moZRvaria. misi moRvaweoba ukavSirdeba periods, rodesac
warmoiSva monoTelitobis eresi. igi sofron ierusalimelTan da
martini romis papTan erTad wminda eklesiis WeSmariti swavlebis
meCiraRdned warmogvidgeba. Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom misma
Sromebma da moRvaweobam safuZveli moumzada VI msoflio krebaze
monoTelitobis damarcxebasa da eklesiaSi mSvidobis damyarebas.
wminda maqsimes cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis Sesaxeb ramdenime wya-
ro arsebobs, kerZod:
1. Rirsi maqsime aRmsareblis Sesxma, romelic misi cxovrebis
mokle monaxazia. is ucnobi avtoris mieraa Sedgenili, vinme
nikolozis TxovniT, romelic, rogorc ikveTeba, maqsime aRm-
sareblis Semoqmedebis didi Tayvanismcemelia. avtori aRniS-
navs, rom mas ar SeuZlia sruli da detaluri mimoxilva misi
cxovrebisa, Tumca es Zegli Zalian faseulia, vinaidan mniS-
vnelovan cnobebs Seicavs wminda mamis cxovrebisa da moR-
vaweobis Seaxeb. mkvlevarebi am Sromas sifrTxiliT ekidebian,
radgan: 1. es naSromi ar aris sruli; 2. masSi Sereulia kombe-
Tis komentarebi, romlebic alag-alag uadgilo da istoriul
faqtebTan Seusabamoa.
2. ori sabuTi, romlebic sakmaod srulad gamoxataven Rirsi
maqsimesa da misi mowafeebis, ori anastasis, winaaRmdeg gamar-
Tul samsjavros. savaraudod, am dokumentebis avtori gaxlavT
anastasi, romaeli apokrisiari, mowafe da Tanamonawile wminda
maqsime aRmsareblis wamebisa. es dokumentebi Sedgenilia am
movlenaTa mimdinareobisas.
3. epistoleebi anastasisa, presviterisa da romis apokrisiarisa,

33
Rangris presviteris, Teodosis, mimarT, romelSic aRwerilia
Rirsi maqsime aRmsareblis cxovrebis ukanaskneli dReebi.
4. dabolos, Rangris episkoposis, Teodosis,1 Canawerebi2 („hipom-
nestikoni“), romelTa Sinaarsic anastasis werilebs emTxveva (es
Tanxvedra bunebrivia, radgan TeodosisTvis wyaros warmoad-
genda anastasis epistole, rac TviT Teodosis monaTxrobidan
irkveva, igi ambobs: „anastasios, romelman ese yoveli aRwera
da momiZRvana Tevdosi xucessa, romelman aRvwere yovelive
ese moRvaweba¡ wmidisa maqsimesi“. ( qarTuli hagiografiuli
Zeglebi 1918: 94 ).
garda amisa, mokle cnobebi Rirsi maqsime aRmsareblis cxovrebis
Sesaxeb daculia mis werilebSi, rac uZvirfases wyaros warmoadgens
wminda mamis cxovrebis sruli suraTis Sesaqmnelad .
Rirsi maqsime aRmsarebeli daibada 580 wels,3 konstantinopolSi,
RvTismosaobiT gamorCeul, mdidar da cnobil, iovanesa da anas, ojax-
Si. mis mSoblebs maRali saxelmwifoebrivi Tanamdebobebi ekavaT da
materialuri SesaZleblobac hqondaT. maT SeZles da Svils SesaniS-
navi ganaTleba misces, „amaT aRzardes keTili igi Svili saRmrTo¡Ta
swavliTa da aswaves yoveli sibrZne filosofosTa pirvelTa¡. xolo
iyo igi siCCo¡Tganve savse SiSiTa RmrTisa¡Ta“ (iqve 1918:60). axalgaz-
rda maqsime swavlobda gramatikas, ritorikasa da sxva mecnierebebs.
1. k orneli kekeliZis TqmiT, Teodosi Rangreli igive Teodore spudiosia.

k.kekeliZe, „etiudebi Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoriidan’, t. V, gv.
59, Tb.,1957
2. aRniSnuli Txroba qarTulad Targmna wminda eqvTime aTonelma. Txzulebis
saTauria: „cxoreba¡ da moqalaqoba¡ aRmsarebelisa marTlisa sarwmunoebi-
sa¡, wmidisa da netarisa mamisa Cuenisa maqsimesi“. gamocemulia k.kekeliZis
mier, „qarTuli hagiografiuli Zeglebi’, kimeni, t. I, Tb., 1918.
3. wminda maqsime aRmsareblis dabadebis TariRis Sesaxeb mkafio miTiTeba ar
mogvepoveba. am sakiTxis Sesaxeb msjeloba damyarebulia wminda mamis kon-
stantinopolSi, 655 wels, Semdgar meored dakiTxvisas dasmuli kiTxvis pa-
suxze. Rirsma mamam kiTxvaze Tu ramdeni wlis aris, upasuxa - „samocdaTx-
uTmetis“, anu 655 wels igi iyo 75 wlis, rac niSnavs, rom dabadebulia 580
wels.
34
gansakuTrebul interess iCenda filosofiis mimarT, risi meSveo-
biTc dialeqtikuri azrovnebis unari Camouyalibda, romelic Semd-
gomSi monoTelitebTan kamaTSi daexmara.
Rirsi maqsime aRmsareblis aRzrdaSi didi roli iTamaSa qristian-
ulma RvTismoSiSebam. is adamianis cxovrebis erTaderT Rirebul
samkaulad simdables miiCnevda. simdable da keTilkrZaluleba gaxda
mizezi imisa, rom jer kidev axalgazrda maqsimem samefo karze brwy-
invale karieras monazvnuri cxovreba arCia. imperatorma heraklem
misi gvarisa da brwyinvale ganaTlebis gamo igi Tavis pirvel mdi-
vnad daniSna „da misca mas pativi sameufoTa mwignobarTa mTavroba¡,
rameTu ars pativi ese didebul da warCinebuli“ (iqve 1918:61). impera-
toris karze, iseve rogorc saxlSi, is TavmdablobiTa da cxovrebis
mkacri wesiT gamoirCeoda. igi pativcemuli iyo „yovelTa mier £el-
mwifeTa da mTavarTa da yovelsave m£edrobisa, erisTavTa da
spa¡petTa, da yovelTa mier sawadel iyo da saqebel“.
erTi mxriv, saimperatoro karis cxovrebis xmauriani wesi da, meo-
re mxriv, monoTelitoba, romelic am dros Zlierdeboda da ekle-
siisaTvis did safrTxes warmoadgenda, RvTismoSiS maqsimes Zalian
aSfoTebda. amis gamo man datova sasaxle da qrisopolis monasterSi,
romelic konstantinopolis mopirdapire napirze mdebareobda, be-
rad aRikveca.1
Rirsi maqsimes monasterSi cxovrebis Sesaxeb cnobebi mwiria. cno-
bilia, rom is mkacri cxovrebis wesiT gamoirCeoda da monazvnobis
maRali idealebisken iswrafvoda, riTac saZmos yuradReba miipyro.
monastris winamZRvris gardacvalebis Semdeg wminda maqsimem misi
adgili daikava, miuxedavad imisa, rom igi ar iyo mRvdeli, aramed,
rogorc Tavad mowmobs, -„ubralo monazoni“ (Орлов 2010:10).
wminda mama, xedavda ra, rom mefe da patriarqi monoTelituri
1. monoTelitobis mizeziT, wminda maqsimes berad aRkvecas qronologiurad

Seusabamod miiCnevs vasili bolotovi, ixileT vasili bolotovi, „eklesiis
istoria msoflio krebebis periodSi“, gv.606, saeklesio biblioTeka, t. XI
35
eresisken miidriknen, mravalgzis amxelda maT „da evedreboda, ra¡Ta
dascxren eseviTarisa misgan drekilisa da drku¡sa wvalebisagan da
aRiaron qriste oriTa bunebiTa, oriTa nebiTa da oriTa saqmiTa,
sruli RmrTeebiTa da kacebiTa" (qarTuli hagiografiuli Zeglebi
1918:64). rodesac misma mravalgzis mcdelobam Sedegi ver gamoiRo,
wminda maqsimem gadawyvita wasuliyo romSi, sadac „marTalsa sar-
wmunoebasa qadageben da RuarZlsa mas wvalebisasa ara Seiwynareben“
(iqve1918:65). igi romis siaxloves erT gamoqvabulSi damkvidrda, sa-
dac mkacri monazvnuri wesebiT cxovrobda. aq daemowafa mas ori an-
astasi, romelTgan erTi mRvdeli, meore ki diakoni iyo. maT erTo-
baze WeSmaritad aRsrulda macxovris sityvebi: „sadaca iyvnen orni,
gina samni saxelisa CemisaT¢s, mun var me Soris maTsa“(mT.18.20).
Rirsi maqsime romSi yofnisas werda epistoleebs, romlebSic ga-
naqiqebda monoTelitur cdomilebas da amtkicebda wminda eklesiis
WeSmarit swavlebas. am epistoleebs ugzavnida eklesiebis meTau-
rebs da episkoposebs, romelnic „Seiwynarnian, viTarca wmidisa moci-
qulisa pavlesni“ (qarTuli hagiografiuli Zeglebi 1918 : 66).
rac Seexeba wminda mamis polemikur moRvaweobas, igi emTxveva mis
mier monastris datovebas. cnobilia, rom Rirs maqsimes didi xani
ar dauyvia monastrul simyudroveSi. 633 wels is ukve aleqsandria-
Sia, sadac wminda sofron ierusalimelTan erTad amxelda mono-
Telitebs. ram ganapiroba, rom monasteri daetovebina da aleqsan-
driaSi wasuliyo, ucnobia. Rirsi maqsime aRmsareblis biografi
dums misi aleqsandriaSi mogzaurobis Sesaxeb. Tavad wminda maqsimes
werilebi ki metad mwir cnobebs iZleva misi cxovrebis am monakveTis
Sesaxeb. amis miuxedavad, Rirsi mamis epistoleTa safuZvelze da zo-
gierTi maTganis detaluri xasiaTidan gamomdinare, SesaZloa zogadi
warmodgenis Seqmna misi aleqsandriaSi mogzaurobis garemoebebze.
wminda maqsime aRmsarebeli presviter iovanes mimarT gagzavnil
epistoleSi samSobloSi dabrunebis survils gamoTqvams. es werili
36
643-644 wlebSi afrikaSia dawerili. masSi miniSnebulia arabTa eg-
vipteze Tavdasxmisa da aleqsandriis aRebis Sesaxeb.
varaudoben, rom monastris datovebis Semdeg Rirsma maqsimem kun-
Zuli kretac moinaxula. mis epistoleSi marinis1 mimarT ixsenebs
kretaze mogzaurobasa da severianel cru episkoposebTan saubars.
es werili, rogorc Cans, mogvianebiT, 641-645 wlebSia dawerili,
rodesac wminda mama afrikaSi imyofeboda. am werilSi gadmocemulia
wminda mamis polemika severiusisa da nestoris swavlebaTa winaaRm-
deg, magram saubari ar aris sergis „eqtesisis“ Sesaxeb. eWvgareSea,
rom severianelebTan disputi da misi kretaze yofna unda mivakuT-
vnoT aleqsandriaSi uniis miRebis periods, 632-633 wlebs.2
kunZul kretadan wminda maqsime aleqsandriaSi gaemgzavra, sadac is
633 wels sofron ierusalimels Sexvda. petres mimarT Rirs maqsimes
werilSi, romelSic moxseniebulia wminda sofronis uaryofiTi
damokidebuleba kirosis uniaturi Tavebis Sesaxeb, ar ikveTeba, Tu
ra pozicia ekava wminda maqsime aRmsarebels. xolo sxva epistoleSi
petres mimarT naTlad Cans misi uaryofiTi damokidebuleba aRniS-
nuli uniis mimarT. am werilis safuZvelze, SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom
wminda maqsimem sofronis pozicia daikava. wminda sofroni, Rirsi
maqsime aRmsareblisTvis did avtoritets warmoadgens, igi mas sa-
kuTar „mamad da maswavleblad“ ixseniebs (Орлов. 2010:29). mas Semdeg,
rac kirosma sofronis protesti ar miiRo, Rirsi maqsime, sofronis
msgavsad, konstantinopolis orTodoqsul partiaSi fiqrobda mxar-
damWeris povnas. am mizniT man konstantinopolSi senator petres
miswera werili, romelSic sTxovda mxardaWeras sofronisadmi, ro-
melic amave mizniT Cavida imperiis dedaqalaqSi.
Rirsi maqsime aleqsandriaSi 633-639 wlebSi imyofeboda. rogorc
1. marini iyo kvipreli presviteri, romelTanac wminda maqsimes xSiri mi-
mowera hqonda. am epistoleTagan ori Targmnilia qarTulad, nikoloz
gulaberiZis mier (dReisaTvis arcerTi maTgani gamocemuli ar aris).
2. aRniSnuli uniisa da misi TariRis Sesaxeb ixileT vasili bolotovis „ekle-
siis istoria msoflio krebebis periodSi“, gv.581-582, saeklesio biblioTe-
ka, t. XI
37
irkveva, aleqsandriidan igi afrikaSi gaemgzavra. Tumca arseobobs
varaudi, rom dabrunda qrisopolis monasterSi. pirosi ambobs, rom
is da sergi mas (Rirs maqsimes) saxeze ar icnobdnen, es ki naklebad
SesaZlebeli iqneboda misi aleqsandriidan monasterSi dabrunebis
SemTxvevaSi. imaves amtkicebs werili, romelic senator petres Rirs-
ma maqsimem afrikidan gaugzavna. masSi aRwerilia aleqsandriaSi so-
fronisa da kirosis dapirispireba.
wminda maqsimes afrikaSi gamgzavrebiT daiwyo misi cxovrebis axali
etapi. igi aqtiurad CaerTo afrikel episkoposebTan dialogSi.1 is
Tavisi RvTaebrivi bageebiT maT rwmenaSi ganamtkicebda, moZRvravda
da Seagonebda, Tu rogor daecvaT Tavi cru swavlebebisagan, kerZod
ki monoTelitobisagan. gamocdili mama kargad xedavda, rom mowinaaR-
mdegis dasamarcxeblad saWiro iyo didi xelovneba da gamocdileba
dialeqtikaSi. is mouwodebda episkoposebs sulieri moSurneobisaken.
episkoposebi Tavisi wodebiT Rirs maqsimeze maRla idgnen, magram
saRvTismetyvelo codniT Camouvardebodnen mas. episkoposebi yur-
adRebiT usmendnen Rirs mamas, mihyvebodnen mis rCevebs da amis Sede-
gi aSkara iyo. ara marto klirikosebi da episkoposebi, aramed eric
da mTavrebic, grZnobdnen mis mimarT ltolvas. ara marto afrikis,
aramed axlomdebare kunZulebis yvela mcxovrebi pativs miagebda
wmida maqsimes rogorc moZRvars, maswavlebelsa da winamZRvars.
Rirsma maqsimem afrikaSi xuTi weli gaatara. es xuTwliani moR-
vaweoba dasrulda mniSvnelovani faqtiT, romelsac ara mxolod af-
rikis eklesiebisaTvis, aramed mTlianad monoTelituri moZraobis
istoriaSi didi mniSvneloba hqonda. es iyo cnobili disputi wminda
maqsime aRmsarebelsa da yofil patriarq piross Soris. saqme isaa,
rom pirosis xanmokle mmarTvelobis Semdeg, 641 wlis oqtomberSi,
1. meSvide saukunis 40-ian wlebSi Crdilo afrikulma eklesiebma TiTqmis

araferi icodnen monoTelitobis Sesaxeb. magram am periodidan aqac SeaR-
wia monoTelitobis propagandam, amitomac, am mxareSi, wminda maqsimes moR-
vaweobas udidesi mniSvneloba hqonda.
38
pirosma uari Tqva patriarqobaze da qalkedonis gavliT afrikaSi
Cavida. pirosis afrikaSi Casvlis TariRi ucnobia. cnobilia mxolod
is, rom iq mas ramdenime dapirispireba hqonda wminda maqsimesTan,
ris Semdegac maT Soris sajaro disputi gaimarTa (645 wlis ivnis-
Si). savaraudod, is karTagenSi, afrikis mefisnacvlis rezidenciaSi,
gaimarTa, romelsac ramdenime episkoposi da mravali cnobili ada-
miani eswreboda.1
disputis sagani iyo θέλεμα-s sakiTxi qristeSi. pirosi kategori-
ulad iTxovda qristeSi erTi nebis aRiarebas; Rirsi maqsime aRmsare-
beli ki, piriqiT, amtkicebda qristeSi ori nebisa da ori moqmedebis
aRiarebis aucileblobas. piross argumentad mohyvada, rom qriste
warmoadgenda erT pirovnebas, xolo wminda maqsime aRmsarebeli ey-
rdnoboda qristeSi ori bunebis arsebobas. pirosis mosazrebebis
nabij-nabij ganxilvis Semdeg, Rirsi maqsime aRmsarebeli am dapiri-
spirebidan gamarjvebuli gamovida. disputi pirosisa da misi mim-
devrebis mxridan msoflio eklesiasTan Serigebis surviliT das-
rulda. pirosma sTxova wminda maqsimes, rom neba mieca romis papis
winaSe warmdgariyo da sakuTari cTomilebis uaryofis Sesaxeb weri-
lobiTi mowmoba waredgina.
645 wels pirosi, wminda maqsime aRmsarebelTan erTad, romSi gae-
mgzavra. romSi samRvdeloebisa da xalxis didi krebulis winaSe
waikiTxa pirosma Tavis mier Sedgenili „Libellus“, romliTac SeaCvena
monoTelitoba da „eqtesisi“, ris Semdegac romis papma igi eklesiis
wiaRSi miiRo da konstantinopolis patriarqis xarisxSi aRadgina.
rac Seexeba Tavad Rirs maqsime aRmsarebels, Znelia dazustebiT
iTqvas, Tu ramdeni xniT imyofeboda is romSi da, miT umetes, Znelia
saubari misi romSi moRvaweobis Sesaxeb. Rirsi maqsimes biografia
1. aRniSnuli disputi werilobiTi formiT TviT wminda maqsime aRmsarebelma

gadmogvca, romlis qarTuli Targmanic Seasrula wminda eqvTime aTonelma,
misi saTauria: „sity¢sgeba¡ romeli iqmna Soris wmidisa maqsimessa da pirosi
konstantinopolel patriarqsa mwvalebelisa afrikeTs“, teqsti gamosace-
mad momzadebulia l. xoferias mier (sadisertacio neSromi), Tb.,1998
39
dums, ara marto misi da pirosis romSi mogzaurobis Sesaxeb, aramed
im mizezebzec, romelTa gamoc wminda mamam romSi imogzaura. udavoa
mxolod is, rom 645-646 wlebSi wminda mama namdvilad imyofeboda
romSi. garda wminda maqsimeseuli mowmobisa da misi pirosTan dis-
putis aRmwerlis cnobisa, Cven gvaqvs sxva miniSnebac am periodSi
Rirsi maqsimes romSi yofnis Sesaxeb. es cnoba dakavSirebulia wminda
maqsime aRmsarebelis winaaRmdeg gamarTul samsjavrosTan, sadac,
sxva braldebebTan erTad, „giorgi vinme maRuda¡sma“ (qarTuli ha-
giografiuli Zeglebi 1918 : 69) is cxra wlis win (anu 645 wels) romis
papisadmi sakuTari sizmris gadacemaSi daadanaSaula. TiTqos is af-
rikis prefeqt grigoris imperatoris winaaRmdeg ajanyebis dawyebi-
saken mouwodebda. aqve SevniSnavT, rom es braldeba Rirsma maqsimem
uaryo. Tumca CvenTvis mniSvnelovania, rom am cnobis safuZvelze
645-646 wlebSi wminda maqsimes romSi yofna mtkicdeba.
647 wels wminda maqsime isev afrikaSia. rogorc Cans, romSi xan-
mokle mogzaurobis Semdeg is sakuTari polemikuri moRvaweobis
dasasruleblad da monoTelitobis sazeimo viTarebaSi dasamarcxe-
blad afrikaSi dabrunda.
varaudoben, rom Rirsi mama afrikaSi 646 wlis pirvel naxevarSic
imyofeboda. roca Catarda afrikisa da axlomdebare kunZulebis
episkoposTa kreba, romelsac sami mitropoliti xelmZRvanelobda:
kolumbi numidieli, stefane bizacinieli da reparat mavritanieli.
krebaze sazeimod dagmes monoTelitoba, rogorc eresi. am krebis
Sesaxeb gvauwyebs epistole da karTagenis episkopos viqtoris epis-
tole, romelic 649 wels laTeranis krebaze waikiTxes.
papma martinem, Rirsi maqsime aRmsareblis rCeviT, romelic im
dros afrikidan romSi Cavida, laTeranis kreba moiwvia, romelic
649 wlis 5 oqtombers gaixsna. krebas samefo karis kamergeri, eg-
zarqosi itali olimpiosi daeswro. misi mizani „tiposis“ mxarda-
saWerad xelmoweraTa Segroveba da papis gadayeneba iyo. magram saqme
40
sxvagvarad warimarTa. kreba gaimarTa da 150 episkoposi daeswro,
maT Soris wminda maqsime aRmsarebelic, 37 berZen mamasTan erTad,
romelnic krebis meore sxdomaze iqnen daSvebulni.
krebam sabolood daamtkica marTlmadidebluri swavleba, qriste-
Si ori nebisa da ori qmedebis arsebobis Sesaxeb, da gamosca e. w. laT-
eranis simbolo, romelic qalkedonis simbolos ganmeorebaa. krebam
dagmo monoTelitoba da misi mimdevrebi: kirosi, sergi, pirosi da
pavle (erTi sityvac ar Tqmula pap honoriusze). aseve daigmo ori
saimperatoro ediqti: herakles „ektesisi“ da konstanci II-is „tiposi.“
krebis ganCineba gaegzavna imperators marTlmadideblobis aRd-
genis moTxovniT. imperatori ganarisxa krebis dadgenilebam da 653
wels brZana pap martinesa da misi mrCeveli wminda maqsimes Sepyroba.
am mizniT romSi Cavida axali egzarqosi kaliopa. Tavad pap martines
sityvebiT, is daapatimres wmida konstantines eklesiaSi da gemiT
gagzavnes kontantinopolSi, sadac sami Tvis manZilze tyveobaSi imy-
ofeboda. wminda papi 654 wels gadaasaxles xersonSi, sadac 655
wels gardaicvala.
wminda martinesTan erTad Seipyres wminda maqsime aRmsarebeli da
misi ori mowafe, romelTa xvedric konstantinopolSi gacilebiT
mZime iyo vidre wminda martinesi. Tavidan mis mosyidvas cdilobdnen,
Semdeg ki muqarasa da fizikur wamebaze gadavidnen. mas sTxovdnen,
rom an „tiposi“ eRiarebina, an, ukidures SemTxvevaSi, Tavisi swav-
leba ar eqadaga.
rogorc politikur damnaSaveze, Rirs maqsimeze mimdinareobda sa-
samarTlo procesi, sadac bralad sdebdnen:
1. arabebTan saidumlo kavSirs;
2. afrikis prefeqt grigoris waqezebas imperatoris winaaRmdeg;
3. laTeranis krebaze warmoTqmul anaTemas imperatorisa da kon-
stantinopolis patriarqis mimarT;
4. SfoTisa da areulobis Setanas eklesiasa da saxelmwifoSi;
41
5. Zaladobas pirosis winaaRmdeg, roca is (Rirsi maqsime) misgan
monoTelitobis uaryofas moiTxovda;
cixidan Rirsi maqsime Tavis or mowafesTan erTad waradgines sa-
samarTlos winaSe. dakiTxva daiwyo Semdegi SekiTxviT: „qristiani
xar?“ da wminda maqsimes „danaSaulTa“ CamoTvliT. sayvedurobdnen
imperatorisadmi siZulvils, adanaSaulebdnen arabTa mier egviptis,
aleqsandriis, pentapolisa da afrikis aRebaSi. Semdeg sasamarTlos
winaSe wardga oTxi bralmdebeli, romelTa braldeba Semdegi saxis
iyo:
1. Rirsma maqsimem jer kidev 22 wlis win, imperator herakles
mmarTvelobisas, xeli Seuwyo imperiidan egviptis Camocilebas,
radgan is prefeqt petre numidiels urCevda, imperator herak-
les brZanebis sawinaaRmdegod, saomari moqmedebebi ar daewyo
egvipteSi;
2. cxra wlis win romis papisadmi sizmris gadacemiT afrikis
prefeqti grigori waaqeza imperatoris winaaRmdeg;
3. wminda maqsime dascinoda imperators;
4. Rirsi maqsimes mowafe ambobda, rom imperators ar Sehferis
iyos mRvdeli;
pirvel sam braldebaSi Rirsma maqsimem Tavi damnaSaved ar scno,
ukanasknelze ki upasuxa, rom es sityva ara anastasim, aramed man Tqva
da iqve ganmarta, rom kvleva da gansazRvreba sarwmunoebrivi dog-
matebisa aris saqme mRvdlebisa da ara imperatorebisa. amis Semdgom
wminda maqsime Tavis mowafeebTan erTad Casves cixeSi.1
imave dRes Rirsi mama isev gamoiZaxes sasamarTlo darbazSi. amba
mini mas brals sdebda origenizmis mimdevrobaSi. TiTqos is aRaS-
foTebda da origenizmisaken mouwodebda xalxs. Rirsma mamam es
braldeba martivad uaryo, SeaCvena ra origene.
imave saRamos cixeSi wminda maqsimes ewvia troile patriciusi da
1. am samsjavros Sesaxeb detaluri Txroba ixileT k.kekeliZe, „qarTuli ha-
giografiuli Zeglebi“, kimeni, t., I, Tb.,1918, gv. 68-71
42
sergi evkratiusi, samefo karis mzareulTuxucesi. isini SeekiTxnen
Rirs maqsimes, Tu ratom ar undoda konstantinopolis eklesiasTan
Tanxmoba. Rirsma maqsimem upasuxa, rom konstantinopolis eklesiis
mmarTvelebi arian eretikosebi, rac Cans iqidan, rom isini mudam cv-
lian aRmsareblobis formulas. (kirosis „cxra Tavi,“ sergis „eqtesi-
si,“ da pavles „tiposi“). Semdeg auwyes mas, rom romis eklesia xvalve
aRadgenda kavSirs konstantinopolis eklesiasTan. Rirsma maqsimem
amaze upasuxa, rom formalur erTobas araviTar mniSvnelobas ar
aniWebs. erTobas mxolod maSin eqneba azri, Tu konstantinopolis
eklesia ieso qristeSi or nebasa da or moqmedebas aRiarebs. saubris
bolos wminda maqsimem gamoxata mwuxareba, imperator konstanci II-is
patriarq pavles zegavlenis qveS moqcevisa da „tiposis“ gamocemis
gamo. misi TqmiT, konstancis unda gaekeTebina igive, rac gaakeTa her-
aklem „eqtesisTan“ dakavSirebiT.
pirveli dakiTxvidan ramdenime dRis Semdeg wminda maqsimes sapy-
robileSi estumrnen konstantinopolis patriarqis (pirosis) warg-
zavnilebi, romlebmac SesTavazes, SeerTeboda konstantinopolis
eklesias, mieiRo is formula, romlis meSveobiTac yvela eklesia
gaerTiandeboda (romis, konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis
da ierusalimis): „vaRiarebT qristeSi or qmedebas bunebaTa gansx-
vavebulobis gamo da erT qmedebas erTi piridan gamomdinare“. Rirsma
maqsimem gadaWriT uaryo es winadadeba, miuxedavad imisa, rom mas im-
peratori da patriarqi sikvdiliT dasjiT daemuqrnen.
655 wlis zafxulSi, pirosis sikvdilis Semdeg, wminda maqsime da
misi mowafeebi kvlav wardgnen sasamarTlos winaSe. amjerad dakiTx-
vas eswreboda ori patriarqi: konstantinopolis - petre da antioqi-
is - makedoniosi. isini procesis mimdinareobisas dumdnen. bralmde-
blebad gamodiodnen isev wina sasamarTlo procesis bralmdeblebi:
konstantine da amba mini. ZiriTad braldebas imperatoris anaTe-
maze gadacema warmoadgenda. amaze Rirsi maqsime pasuxobda, rom man
43
anaTemas gadasca ediqti „tiposi“ da ara imperatori.
amis Semdeg Rirsi maqsime TrakiaSi gadaasaxles da gamoamwyvdies
patara cixe biziaSi. masTan erTad gadaasaxles misi ori mowafec,
erTi - perverSi, meore ki-mesimbriaSi.
656 wlis 24 agvistos wminda maqsimesTan mividnen konstantinopo-
lis patriarqis warmomadgenlebi — kesaria-biTviniis episkoposi Teo-
dosi, pavle da Tevdosi ipatosebi. SekiTxvaze, Tu ratom hqonda Rirs
maqsimes gawyvetili kavSiri konstantinopolis eklesiasTan, Rirsma
maqsimem upasuxa, rom isini qristeSi erT nebasa da erT moqmede-
bas aRiareben, rac ewinaaRmdegeba kaTolike eklesiis WeSmarit moZ-
Rvrebas. Semdgom man detalurad ganixila monoTelituri swavleba
da isaubra mis marTlmadideblur swavlebasTan Seusabamobaze. kon-
stantinopolis eklesiis warmomadgenlebi daeyrdnen TiTqos giorgi
saswaulmoqmedis, aTanase didisa da ioane oqropiris Sexedulebebs.
wminda maqsimem uaryo es Sexedulebebi da daamowma rom isini apoli-
nariussa da nestors ekuTvnoda. aseTi saubrebis Semdeg, konstanti-
nopolis patriarqis warmomadgenelma, episkoposma Teodosim, aRiara
Tavisi cdomileba, man dado fici, rom eretikosebs Searigebda ekle-
siasTan. xolo konsulma Tevdosim (imperatoris warmomadgenelma)
daarwmuna Rirsi maqsime, rom moaxerxebda imperatoris daTanxmebas.
es Sexvedra gulisamaCuyebeli gamoTxovebiT damTavrda, ufro met-
ic, episkopos Teodosisgan wminda maqsime aRmsarebelma materialuri
daxmarebac miiRo. iqmneboda STabeWdileba, rom eklesiaSi simSvidis
aRdgena axlos iyo.
656 wlis 8 seqtembers Rirs maqsimes sapyrobileSi ewvia konsuli
pavle, romelsac nabrZanebi hqonda Rirsi maqsime didi pativiT ga-
daeyvana konstantinopolTan axlos, wmida Teodores monasterSi.
magram Rirsi mamisadmi es damokidebuleba monasterSi gadayvanisas
moulodnelad Seicvala. 13 seqtembers mas ewvia ori patrikiosi_
epifane da troili, maT axlda episkoposi Teodosic. epifanem Rirs
44
maqsimes ganucxada imperatoris neba, romlis Tanaxmadac wminda mamas
unda eRiarebina „tiposi“, ris sanacvlodac samefo karis wyalobasa
da pativs miiRebda. isini ambobdnen: „uwyiT ueWvelad, ukueTu Sen
eziaro wmidasa amas saydarsa, yovelni SemoguerTebian, romelni-igi
Sen ZliT da swavliTa SeniTa ganwvalebul da gandgomil arian) Cuen-
gan“ (qarTuli hagiografiuli Zeglebi 1918: 83). am winadadebas Rirs-
ma maqsimem ase upasuxa: „ufalno Cemno, ege, romel sTquT, ukueTu
yovelni Zalni caTani Semokrben da metyodian qmnad, ara usmen, arca
viqm, rameTu ra¡ sityua¡ mivsce RmerTsa anu samSjavrosa mas gonebisa
Cemisasa, ukueTu cudisa amis da amao¡sa da myisganqarvebadisaT¢s ka-
cobrivisa didebisa sulTa ganmacxovelebeli igi marTali sarwmu-
noeba¡ uvar-vyo? ese Cemgan SeuZlebel ars“ (iqve 1918: 83-84). Rir-
si maqsimes simtkiciT gaRizianebuli imperatoris warmomadgenlebi
Tavs daesxnen wmindans da umowyalod gvemes. episkoposma Teodosim
Zlivs moaxerxa maTi SeCereba da ganumarta, rom saeklesio saqmeebi
yovelgvari Zaladobis gareSe unda warimarTos. troilem ganucxada
Rirs maqsimes, xmamaRla ar eqadaga sakuTari swavlebebi, aramed gul-
Si erwmuna rogorc surda, razec wminda mamam upasuxa: „ufalman da
macxovarman Cuenman ara egre brZana, ra¡Ta gulsa Sina oden gaqundes
sarwmunoeba¡, aramed esreT ity¢s: „romelman ara aRmiaros me winaSe
kacTa, arca me aRviaro igi winaSe mamisa Cemisa zecaTa¡sa“ (mT. 10,33);
da wmida¡ mociquli ity¢s: „gulsa grwamsca simarTled da piriTa
aRiarebdi sacxorebelad“ (rom. 10,10); rameTu „aR-Tu-iaro piriTa
SeniTa ufali iesu da grwmenes guliTa SeniTa, viTarmed RmerTman
aRadgina igi mkudreTiT, scxonde“ (rom. 10,9). aw ukue vina¡Tgan Ta-
vadi ufali Cueni iesu qriste da yovelni wina¡swarmetyuelni da
mociqulmi esreT ity¢ian, ra¡Ta sity¢T da gonebiT da xmiTa maR-
liTa aRviarebdeT saidumlosa mas marTlmadideblobisasa, didsa mas
da didebulsa da yovlisa soflisa ganmacxovelebelsa, ara jer-ars
yovladve dadumeba¡ qadagebisa¡ mis, rameTu ara warwymdes cxoreba¡
45
maTi, romelni dumden“ (qarTuli hagiografiuli Zeglebi 1918: 84).
aseTma pasuxma kidev ufro ganarisxa isini da maT, guliswyromiT
aRvsebulebma, muqariTa da lanZRva-ginebiT datoves iqauroba.
meore dResve, imperatoris brZanebiT, Rirsi maqsime xelmeored
gadaasaxles sulumbriaSi (Trakia), xolo Semdeg perverSi da gamoam-
wyvdies cixeSi, sadac xuTi weli dayo.
amis Semdeg ukanasknelad Caiyvanes wminda maqsime konstantinop-
olSi, sadac samefo palatSi, patriarqisa da samefo karis warmomad-
genlebis winaSe, Tavis or mowafesTan erTad, waradgines. patriarqi
wminda mamas TviTrjulobaSi sdebda brals da Senanebisaken mouwo-
debda. Rirsma maqsimem udidesi sulierebiTa da saRvTismetyvelo
ganswavlulobiT Camoayaliba wminda eklesiis WeSmariti moZRvreba.
am msjelobidan gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovnad migvaCnia erTi nebisa
da erTi moqmedebis uarmyofeli msjeloba, romelic Semdegnairad
warimarTa: „patriarqman Tqua: aw ukue vin erTsa nebasa da saqmesa
qristessa qadagebdes, gandrekilad da mwvalebelad Sehracxava? wmi-
daman maqsime Tqua: he, ueWuelad didi wvaleba¡ ars ese, da ra¡ uZ¢res
ars amisa, ukueTu vin ityodes, Tu erTiTa nebiTa pirvel £orcTSesx-
misa yovelive araarsisagan dahbada da upyries yovelive da ganagebs
arsebasa da cxorebasa yovelTa arsTasa, da Semdgomad gankacebisa
unda sazrdelisa da sasumelisa miReba¡ da adgiliTi-adgilad mis-
lva¡ da Zili da Sromisagan gansueneba¡ guamisa¡, ra¡Ta amiT yov-
liTa daamtkicos WeSmariti da ara saucrad qmnili gan£orcielebisa
gangebuleba¡. aw viTar egebis orisa amis jerisa Tqumad erTnebad
da erTiTa nebiTa qmnilad, rameTu zemoT qmuli igi neba¡ RmrTee-
bisa¡ ars, romliTa yovelive araarsisagan arsad moiyvana da upyr-
ian yovelni dabadebulni da ganagebs cxorebasa maTsa; da kualad
kacobrivni ese nebiTa kacebisa¡Ta aRasrulna, rameTu viTarca ori
buneba¡ iyo, egreTve ori neba¡. aRmoikiTxeT, aRmoikiTxeT, wmida¡
saxareba¡ rasa ity¢s: "xvalisa dRe unda galiliad ganslvad" (in. 1,43).
46
sacnaur ars, viTarmed ara iyo galileas da ineba mun mislva¡. xolo
ara iyo kacebisa bunebiTa da guamiTa, xolo RmrTeebiT yovelgan
iyo. cxad ars, viTarmed kacobriv unda mun mislva¡. da kualad ity¢s:
"mamao, romelni momcen, mnebavs, ra¡Ta sadaca me viyo, iginica iyvnen
Cem Tana" (in. 17,24). aw ukue locva¡ igi uflisa¡ ara kacobrivisa
bunebisa¡ iyoa? he, WeSmaritad, rameTu RmrTeebiT uzeSTaes ars adg-
ilTa da savaneTa, rameTu ara Seiwyudevis RmrTeeba¡ adgilsa, xolo
dabadebulni uzeSTaes yovlisa ver arian. sacnaur ars, viTarca loc-
va¡ igi kacobrivisa bunebisa¡ iyo, egreTve neba¡ igi, romel Tqua, Tu:
"mnebavs". da kualad ity¢s: "da moiyvanes igi adgilsa mas, romelsa
hrq¢an golgoTa, da Tqua: mwyuris; da misces mas Zmari, navRliTa
Sezavebuli, da mi-ra¡-iRo, ara unda sumis" (mT. 27,33-34; ioan. 19,28).
aw ese, araneba¡ sumisa¡, ara kacebisa¡ arsa? da kualad ity¢s, vi-
Tarmed: "iqceoda iesu galileasa da ara unda huriastans slvad" (in.
7,1). slva¡ ukue da qceva¡ da wyurili bunebisa¡ iyo £orcTa¡sa da ara
guamovnebiT SeerTebulisa mis misda RmrTeebisa. da kualad ity¢s:
"warhvlida galileasa da ara unda, ra¡Tamca agrZna vin" (mark. 9,30).
da kualad ity¢s: "da mier aRdga da warvida sazRvarTa t¢rosisa da
sidonisaTa da Sevida saxlsa da ara unda, ra¡Tamca agrZna vin, da ver
£el-ewifa dafarvad" (mark. 7,24). aw ese, romel ara unda, ra¡Tamca
vin agrZna, da ver £el-ewifa dafarvad, ara kacobrivsa nebasa mivaC-
emoTa? da kualad ity¢s: "pirvelsa mas dResa ucomoebisasa mou£des
mowafeni iesus da hrques mas: sada gnebavs, da mogimzadoT Sen Wamad
paseqi ese" (mT. 26,17)? Wama¡ igi paseqisa¡ wesisa mis Sjulisa¡ iyo; aw
ukue ara RmrTeebisa bunebiTa, aramed kacobriviTa bunebiTa ineba
Wamad paseqi igi. da mociquli pavle ity¢s: "morCil iqmna vidre si-
kudiladmde, sikudiliTa miT juarisa¡Ta" (fil. 2,8). ra¡ ars ukue,
nebsiT morCil iqmna anu uneblieT? uwyi, vervin ity¢s, Tu unebli-
eT, rameTu nebsiT ivno Cuenisa cxorebisaT¢s. aw ukueTu morCileba¡
juarcumisa¡ ara egebis RmrTeebasa miCemebad, aramed kacebasa, aha
47
esera kacobrivisa bunebisa misisa neba¡ cxad ars. da kualad ity¢s
mociquli: "juars-ecua uZlurebiT, aramed cxovel ars ZlierebiTa"
(2 kor. 13,4). aha esera orTa maT bunebaTa ganTvisebulni da ganwese-
bulni saqmeni gamoaCinna. odes-igi adam Seiyvana RmerTman samoTxes
da misca mcneba¡, xolo man ara daimarxa, aramed ismina ganzraxva¡
guelisa¡ da ixila xH igi da saTno-eyo, miiRo nayofisa misgan da Wama.
nebsiT daemorCila zraxvasa mas mterisasa, ara Tu iZulebiT; nebsiT
ixila nayofi igi, nebsiT Wames orTave. sacnaur ars ukue, viTarmed
pirveli moqmedi codvisa¡ da urCebisa¡ mis neba¡ iyo adamisi; da amis
gamo pirveli vnebuli da Secodebuli neba¡ iyo kacebisa¡. ukueTu
qristeman, Seimosa ra¡ buneba¡ kacobrivi, neba¡ kacebisa¡ ara miiRo,
ara-sadame ganTavisuflebul ars buneba¡ Cueni sruliad codvisagan;
rameTu romelica qristeman ara Seimosa, ara ganTavisuflda cod-
visagan da ars sadme pirvel yovlisa cTomili igi neba¡ ukurnebel.
aramed ese Tqumad ujero ars, rameTu saxierman man buneba¡ Cueni
yovliTurT Seimosa, T¢nier codvisa, da yovliTurT gangukurnna. ra-
meTu T¢Tmflobelad dahbada RmerTman kaci, xolo T¢Tmflobeloba¡
nebisa¡ Zali ars, rameTu bunebiTsa mas T¢Tmflobelobasa nebad uwe-
ses wmidaTa mamaTa. igi ukue T¢Tmflobeli neba¡ kacebisa¡ ukueTu
ara miiRo ufalman, viTar iyo sruli kaci? Cans ukue amis yovlis-
agan, viTarmed aqunda ufalsa kacobrivisa bunebisa neba¡, viTarca
esera gueuwya saxarebisagan da mociqulisa; xolo RmrTeebisaca neba¡
misi g¢swavies saxarebisagan, rameTu ity¢s: "ierusalHm, ierusalHm,
romelman moswy¢den wina¡swarmetyuelni da qva¡ dahkribe movlineb-
ulTa Sen zeda! raodengzis vinebe Sekrebad SvilTa SenTa, viTarca
Seikribnis mfrinvelman marTueni T¢sni queSe frTeTa, da ara inebeT"
(mT. 23,37). cxad ars da uwyebul, viTarmed ara kacebisa neba¡ Tqua,
aramed RmrTeebisa¡; rameTu kaceba¡ misi axlad qmnil iyo, xolo Ta-
vadman adrindelTa saqmeTaT¢s Tqua, raodengzis vinebeo Sekreba¡
SvilTa SenTa¡. a£sena eg¢ptiT gamoyvaneba¡ maTi, queynad aRTqumisa
48
Seyvaneba¡, auracxelni igi saswaulni,kualad mravalTa tyueobaTa-
gan gamo£snani, romel-igi uwinares gankacebisa iyvnes nebiTa miT
RmrTeebisa¡Ta, da ity¢s: "viTarca-igi mama¡ aRadginebs mkudarTa da
acxovnebs, egreTca ZH, romelTa¡ hnebavs, acxovnebs" (in. 5,21). da ese
neba¡ RmrTeebisa¡ ars, rameTu ara kacebisa¡ ars, aramed Tanaarsisa
mis mamisa Tana Zisa¡. sacnaur ars ukue, viTarmed viTarca orni bune-
bani qadagebul arian qristeni, egreTve orni nebani da orni saqmeni.
ese yoveli, ra¡ warmoTqua wmidaman maqsime, yovelTave, romelTa esma,
gulisxma-yves WeSmariteba¡ sityuaTa misaTa¡, da vervin SemZlebel
iyo sity¢s-gebad anu winaaRdgomad misa, rameTu ara igi iyo metyuel,
aramed suli wmida¡ aswavlida saidumloTa maT saRmrToTa“ (qarTuli
hagiografiuli Zeglebi 1918: 90-92). am samsjavros Semdeg wmindani
konstantinopolSi sakanSi gamoamwyvdies da xaris ZarRvebiT garo-
zges. Semdgom mokveTes ena da moaWres marjvena xeli. ukiduresad
nagvemi da gawamebuli qalaqis quCebSi yvelas dasanaxad gaatares.
Semdgom mowafeebTan erTad kolxeTSi — „queyanasa mas megrelTasa“
(iqve 1918: 93) gadaasaxles. wminda maqsime himarisis cixeSi gamoketes.
oTxi Tvis Semdeg mas gamoecxada angelozi, romelmac erTi kviris
Semdeg wuTisoflidan gasvla auwya. wmindanma mouwoda cixis mcve-
lebs da angelozis nauwyebi uambo, ris Semdegac dawera epistole sa-
kuTari mowafis, diakon anastasisadmi (mRvdeli anastasi, am droisT-
vis gardacvlilia) da 662 wlis 13 agvistos, SabaT dRes, sixaruliT
Sehvedra suli ufals.
wminda maqsimes aRsrulebis Semdgom Tvalxilulad warmoCinda,
rom misi moRvaweoba saTno iyo uflisTvis, „rameTu samni lamparni
brwyinvaleni zeciT movides da dadges samarxsa mas zeda, sada wmida¡
igi guami misi damarxul iyo, da daadgres mas zeda vidre weliwdad-
mde, dRed aRsrulebisa misisa, romelTaca myofni mis cixisani da
monastrisani da yovelni maxlobelni xedvides da adidebdes Rmer-
Tsa da miuTxrobdes queyeniTi-queyanad didebulsa mas saswaulsa. da

49
kurnebani da saswaulni mravalni iqmnebodes dRiTi-dRe saflavsa mas
mis netarisasa“ (iqve 1918: 95). aqve aRvniSnavT, rom eklesiaSi wminda
maqsime aRmsareblis xseneba weliwadSi orgzis aRiniSneba, 13/26 agvis-
tos (misi gardacvalebis dRes) da 21/3 ianvars, roca mas mohkveTes
ena da xeli ( am TariRis aRniSvna dadginda VI msoflio krebaze).
gamoyenebuli literatura
1. „axali aRTquma¡“, Tbilisi 1963

2. a.p.lebedevi, „msoflio saeklesio krebebis istoria“, saeklesio
biblioTeka t.,XVII, Tbilisi 2012
3. e.gabiZaSvili, „qarTuli naTargmni kanonika, dogmatika-polemi-
ka“, Tbilisi 2012
4. v. bolotovi, „eklesiis istoria msoflio krebebis periodSi“,
saeklesio biblioTeka t., XI, Tbilisi 2009
5. k.kekeliZe, „etiudebi Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoriidan“
t., V, Tbilisi 1957
6. qarTuli hagiografiuli Zeglebi 1918, k.kekeliZe, „qarTuli ha-
giografiuli Zeglebi“, kimeni, t. I, Tb.,1918
7. Орлов 2010,труды св.Максима Исповедника, краснодар 2010
50
The Life and Work of St. Maximus the Confessor
Archpriest Irakli Akhaladze
St. Maximus the Confessor is one of the distinguished fathers of the Chris-
tian Church. He used to work at that time when there arose a monothelite
heresy. He claimed and confirmed the need for the recognition of the two wills
and acts of Christ.
The paper deals with the the major moments of Saint Maximus's activities,
there is analyzed and summarized the existing sources related to his life. The
work focuses on the polemical writings of the venerable father in which he
appears as a persistent protector of the true teaching.
51
wminda maqsime aRmsareblis
ori epistole sulis Sesaxeb
daviT iobiZe
sulis Sesaxeb sakiTxi wminda maqsime aRmsarebels ganxiluli aqvs

Tavis sam naSromSi,1 aqedan ori epistolea, romelTa qarTuli Targ-
manebi, savaraudod, Seusrulebia nikoloz gulaberisZes (†1190),
xolo mesame warmoadgens mcire zomis traqtats (saTauriT „sulis
Sesaxeb“ (Περί Ψυχής), romelsac qarTulad ver mivakvlieT, Sesabam-
isad, safiqrebelia, arc iyo Targmnili.2
epistoleTa nikoloz gulaberisZiseuli Targmanebi Cvenamde moR-
weulia mxolod gelaTis monasteris erTi xelnaweriT, romelic
amJamad quTaisis istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumis xelnawerTa
koleqciaSi inaxeba (k-14). aRniSnul xelnawerSi ganTavsebulia wminda
maqsime aRmsareblis dogmatur-egzegetikuri xasiaTis samoci Tx-
zuleba, romelTa Soris epistoleni dgas #58 da #59 teqstebad. (ix.
e. nikolaZe, xelnawerTa aRweriloba, t.I, Tb.1953:75). esenia:
„wmidisa mTavarepiskoposisa iovanes mimarT, amisT¢s, viTarmed
usxeulo ars suli“;
„iordanis mimarT xucisa, viTarmed Semdgomad sikudilisa aqus
sulsa gonieri moqmedeba��
¡��
da arcerTisagan gandgebis bunebiTisa Za-
lisa“. Πε
dasaxelebuli epistoleni Zalian Rrma saRmrTismetyvelo
aspeqtebs moicavs, magram amjerad Cvens mizans ar warmoadgens maTi
warmoCena. winamdebare publikaciaSi SemovifarglebiT epistoleTa
teqstebis gamoqveynebiT.3
1. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs wm. maqsime aRmsareblis is Sromebi, romlebic CvenTvis

aris cnobili da xelmisawvdomi.
2. aqve SevniSnavT, rom aRniSnuli traqtatis qarTuli Targmani axlaxans
Seasrula gela tarielaSvilma da, imedia, uaxloes xanSi SeZlebs mis
gamoqveynebas.
3. aqve aRvniSnavT, rom epistoleTa teqstebi aqamde ar gamoqveynebula.
52
epistoleebi Sinaarsobrivad axlos dgas erTmaneTTan, rameTu
maTSi wminda maqsime ikvlevs sakiTxs sulis Sesaxeb. kerZod, maqsime
aRmsarebeli pirvel epistoleSi msjelobs sulis usxeulobis Ses-
axeb, xolo meoreSi RmrTismetyvelebs adamianis sikvdilis Semdeg
sulis mdgomareobaze da gvaswavlis, rom gardacvalebis Semdeg suli
inarCunebs gonier moqmedebas da ar gandgeba arcerTi bunebrivi Za-
lisagan.
gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom xelnawerSi dafiqsirda ramdenime teqstua-
luri problema, romelTagan Zalian mokled SevexebiT mxolod ors:
1. rogorc epistoleTa dasaTaurebidan Cans, pirvels wminda
maqsime aRmsarebeli ugzavnis ioane mTavarepiskoposs,1 xolo
meores - iordane xucss. qarTul teqstSi dadasturebuli
„iordane xuci“, berZnul originalSi gvaqvs, rogorc „ioane
presviteri“ Τού αύ τού πρός Ίωάννην πρεσβύτερον, περί τού καί μετά
θάνατον έχειν τήν ψυχήν τήν νοεράν ένέργειαν, καί μηδεμιάς έξίστασθαι
φυσικής δυνάμεως. (Patrologia Greaca, t. 91 ΜΑΞΙΜΟΥϚ ΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΤΟς). si-
tyva „presviteri“ niSnavs moxucebul sasuliero pirs (Dvoreck-
iq I.X. - Drevnegrehesko - Russkiq slovarú (tom 2) - 1958:1367). am-
denad aRniSnuli forma sruliad Seesabameba qarTul „xucs“.
aRreva ki gvxvdeba „iordanesa“ da „ioanes“ SemTxvevaSi. ro-
gorc berZnuli teqstis saTauridan Cans, wm. maqsimes adresati
yofila „ioane“, nacvlad „iordanisa“.
2. meore SemTxvevaSi ufro seriozul uzustobasTan gvaqvs saqme.
1. Tamar oTxmezuri Tavis erT-erT naSromSi - „maqsime aRmsarebelis

„AMBIGUA AD IOHANNEM“ qarTul mTargmnelobiT tradiciaSi“ - aRniSnavs,
rom „maqsime aRmsareblis Txzuleba („AMBIGUA AD IOHANNEM“) Caisaxa
626-628 wlebSi maqsimes kizikosSi, wm. giorgis saxelobis monasterSi
yofnisas mis moZRvarTan kizikosis arqiepiskopos ioanesTan saubrebsa
da diskusiebSi. xolo daiwera mogvianebiT, 628-630 wlebSi, wm. maqsimes
afrikaSi moRvaweobis periodSi imave ioanes miTiTebiTa da davalebiT“
(ix. mravalTavi XVIII, Tb., 1999, gv. 237). aRniSnuli informaciis safuZvelze,
vfiqrobT, rom am SemTxvevaSic maqsimes adresati misi moZRvari, kizikosis
mTavarepiskoposi ioanea.
53
kerZod, qarTul xelnawerSi gamotovebulia mTeli monakveTi
teqstisa. konkretulad, sityvebidan: „sity¢sa mier RmrTisa
da“ (170v) naklulia teqsti sityvebamde: „da bunebisaca T¢sisa“
(171r).
aRniSnuli naklovaneba berZnul teqstze (PG 91) dayrdno-
biT vTargmneT,1 ris Semdegac CavrTeT da SevumateT qarTul
teqsts. Targmnisas maqsimalurad SevecadeT dagvecva is sin-
taqsuri da terminologiuri Taviseburebani, romelic gaaCnia
berZnul teqsts da Sesabamisi iqneboda qarTuli teqstis gela-
Turi Targmanisa. Cven mier Targmnili nakluli monakveTi epis-
toles teqstSi Savi SriftiT gvaqvs gamoyofili.
wmidisa mTavarepiskoposisa iovanes mimarT, amisT¢s,

viTarmed usxeulo ars suli
(167r) patiosani naweri saTnoebiTa sisrulisa Tquenisa¡ Seviwynare

ra¡, yovliTa cnobiszomierebiTa didbunebaobiT haeroani, mxiarul
viqmen erTbamad da ganvc��
¢��
brdi, Tu viTar gulismzraxvalman T��
¢��
T or-
Tave Soris erTsaxeobiT daadgine Tavi T��
¢��
si, arca maRlisa arSemxe-
belman, arca mdablisa Seuracxmyofelman, rameTu erTad saTnoebisa
saxed orTaganve sibrZniT Semzavebeli Tavisa T¢sisa¡, sx¢sa Soris
saxilvel hyof erT kerZosa sak¢rvelad mdabalsa ukuH2 maRlad,
xolo maRalsa kualad wina ukmo simdabled, romlisaT��
¢��
s Tanwaru��
P-
delad miviTualav brZanebasa Sensa, monao RmrTisao, ubunebiTeso-
biT gamoCinebad mbrZanebelsa T¢nier werilebrisa da mamobrivTa
wamebaTasa, ukuHTu usxeulo agebul ars suli, TquenTa mindobili
kualad nakadTa moZRurebisaTa, romelTa mier umecrebiTa SemSTvari
mravalgzis Segicurevivar.
1. teqstis nakluli monakveTis TargmanSi friad Segvewia gela tarielaSvili.

2. miuxedavad imisa, rom aqac da sxva mraval SemTxvevaSic „H“ uadgilod aris
dasmuli, Cveni arCevania ucvlelad davtovoT wakiTxvis xelnaweriseuli
varianti.
54
xolo vieTni arian igini, romelni agebul usxeulo aryofasa su-
lisasa daamtkiceben, da vin igini, romelni umyofosa wmasnasa WeS-
maritebisa mimarT sityuaTa TquenTa¡sa win ganawyoben, anu viTar
araTu umetes jerovnisa arian Zlevis moyuareni, Tquenisa mier ar
vedrebul iqmnnes Pelyofisa yovlisave winaaRmdgomobiTisa sity¢sa,
esoden mwu��
H��
rvalobiT Sorielad myofisa, da ra��
¡��
Ta ufro��
¡��
sRa mgza-
vrvidodis amis ZliTi sityua¡ Cemi, T¢T igi Tqueni brZeni Pelyofa¡,
viTarca WeSmaritebisa da ubrZolebeli TanambrZoli dasabamvyo
T¢sTa, viTarca naoflTa TquenTa zeda moqadulman.
1. ukuHTu sxeuli T¢siTa bunebiTa uZrav ars, xolo sxeuli ars
suli, daRaTu uuwulileesi, viTarca ity¢an, viTar sxeuli ara
iZrvodis da amaT Tu esre(167v)Toba¡ aqus, vina¡ Cuenda Zrva¡?
da ese uboloo vidreme ara mivideT usxeulo��
¡��
sa mimarT agebu-
lisa. xolo uku��
H��
Tu RmrTisagan ity��
¢��
an Zrvasa Cuensa pirveli-
saebr sity��
¢��
sa, vina��
¡��
Tgan umravlesTa moZravobaTa CuenTa uad-
giloba¡ uwyi da sixeneSe ueWuHlad mizezad maTda saWirod
gamoaCenen RmerTsa.
2. da kualad, uku��
H��
Tu yovelsa da viTar saxedca myofsa sxeule-
ansa yofasa, WeSmaritisaebr sity��
¢��
sa, sizrqed ganfenili ra-
odenoba¡, da viTareba¡, da saxe, da epifania¡, da nakuHTi mis
ZliTsa Sescavs xedvasa, viTarca saWirod P��
��
umeuli Secva��
¡��
, ra-
meTu amaTsa gareSe ara aqus ocnebad igi gamomkulevelsa missa.
xolo sxeul ars sulica, anu amaTgan, anu eseni ars, anu amaT-
gani ra¡me, anu saamaTobiTa, anu ra¡Tme, anu romliTame amaTiTa
garSewerili ars ueWuHlad, garna vina¡Tgan arca amaTgan,arca
eseni, arca amaTgani ra¡me, arca saamaTobiTa, arca ra¡Tme, arca
romliTame amaTiTa ars garSeweril, ara sadme sxeul suli.
3. aw ukuH yofa¡ Tu ar iiWuneulebis maTgan sulisa¡, xolo iyos
ra¡, ara ra¡ iyos, romelsa miswuTebis mogoneba¡, romelTagan,
anu romelni arian sxeulni. ara feri, ara naku��
H��
Ti, ara Sesaxe-
55
davi, ara simZime, ara TiTosaxeoba��
¡��
, ara samadmi ganfenilo-
ba¡ da martivad yovlad ara ra¡ iyos sxeuleanisa bunebisaT¢s
moRebulTagani, xolo amaTganad ararad myofi, viTarca aCuHna
sityuaman, usxeulo iyos ueWuHlad, vina¡Tgan ars.
4. mermeca yoveli SeT¢sva¡ da ganT¢sva¡ da gankuHTa¡ sxeulTa¡ ars,
xolo yovlisa SeT��
¢��
svisa da ganT��
¢��
svisa da viTarisave ganku��
H��
Ti-
sagan Tavisufali ueWuHlad usxeulo. suli sadme usxeulo,
viTarca yovliTurT miuTualveli amaTi.
5. uku��
H��
Tu yoveli sxeuleani arseba��
¡��
sulierobisa mimarT gani-
yofvis da usuloobisa, xolo sxeul ars (168r) sulica, anu
sulier, anu usulo iyos ganaRa. aramed, uku��
H��
Tu sulier vi-
dreme, sulier mqmnelisa ueWuHlad, anu arsebisa, anu Zalisa,
ese igi ars, SemTxuHviT sulier iqmnes. xolo sulisa sulier
qmnasa Tquma��
¡��
, viTarca naTlisa ganaTlebasa, anu cecxlisa gam-
Purvlebasa, yovliTurT sacineloba ars. da ukuHTu arseba¡,
vidreme vTquaT suliermyofelad sulisa, anu sxeulsa, anu
usxeulosa vity��
¢��
T kualad mas. da uku��
H��
Tu sxeul sadme, mara-
dis maTve uadgiloTa gulissityuaTa uadgiloTa��
¡��
T, uadgilo-
Tagan zeda mislvasa Seiwynarebs amis ZliTi sityua¡, vidreme
ara TanaRiaros usxeulo yofa¡ sulisa¡. xolo ukuHTu Zali,
ese igi ars viTareba��
¡,��
sulier mqmnelad sulisa arsebasa vT-
quaT cxovelmyofelobiTad da mZrvelobiTad, uarso iyos da
uguamo. amas Tana uSuHrca da bunebis gareSe iyos mTavrobisa
da samTavroobisebri ganyofileba��
¡��
, vina��
¡��
Tgan mTavrobad sxe-
ulisa dabadebuli suli, viTarca usxeulo��
¡��
arseba��
¡��
, ara ar-
sebisaebr myofisa mier, viTarebiTisa vity¢ Zalisa, viTarca
sxeuli imTavrebis maTebr, arsebad myofi da Semtkicebuli
sazogado¡saebr moRebisa yovelTa¡sa. xolo ukuHTu usulod
vTquaT igi sxeulad, ugrZnobel da uucnebel, usityuHl da
ganugonebel iyos. aramed ese yovelni sulisaT¢s da sulisa
56
Soris arian da ixilvebian, ara sadme sxeul ars suli, rameTu
sxeulisa vidreme sxua arsisa misisa qonebasa keTilad mecnier-
ni, ara vijmniT Tqumad. xolo sxeul yofisa misisa gamomaCine-
blobasa, viTarca kadniersa Tanad da uwurTelobiTsa vevltiT
yovliTurT, viTarmed mravali ganyofileba¡ ars qonebisa da
yofisa¡, arumecarni.
xolo uku��
H��
Tu, rameTu usxeulod ity��
¢��
an RmerTsa, armyofisa mo-
SiSni SiSisani, usxeulod Tqumasa sulisasa ar Tavsideben, ra¡Ta
ara sworebad RmrTisa Semoiyvanon igi. (168v) da sxuanica moveguku-
HTnen Cuen, ra¡Ta srul iyos maTda Ruawli ugonoobisa¡, raodenni
RmrTisagan, viTarca gardmomRebelTa, anu RmrTisa Cuen mier, vi-
Tarca moqmedisa da momcemelisa, anu gardmomcemelisa guHwodnes,
anu Cuen mier ewodnes RmerTsa. xolo raTa vity��
¢��
amaT: yofasa, si-
cocxlesa, ganaTlebasa,saxier qmnasa, msityuvelobasa, mgoneblobasa,
romelnime arsebisaT¢s, xolo romelnime moZravobisaT¢s, ese igi ars,
jerCinebisa da mowleobisa, rameTu myofebad viTqumiT, da mcocx-
lebad, da naTlebad, da saxierebad, da gonierebad, da sity¢erebad,
da msgavsadve RmerTsa, viTarca myofsa, da cxovelsa, da naTelsa,da
saxiersa, da gonebasa, da sityuasa saxelvsdebT. ginaTu, viTarca
mizezisagan myofni amebad da saxeldebulni, ginaTu, viTarca Soris-
moqmedebulni, CuenTagan amaTni mwodebelni RmrTisni. ra��
¡��
uku��
H��
si-
tyua¡ maTda, amaT sadme yovelTasa, sxuaTa mravalTa Tana yofasa
sulad da saxeldebulobasa, xolo usxeulod ara, vina¡Tgan RmerTi,
vina¡ca saWiro ars, anu ara Tquma¡ Cueni amad, miT, rameTu RmerTi
anu RmrTisa arsaxelisdeba��
¡��
amaTi, vina��
¡��
Tgan, da Cuenca, da varT-
ca eseni, da saxelvidebiT ara, viTarca igived RmrTisa myofni amaT
ZliT, aramed, viTarca mizezis mimarT mizezebuli, anu mziarebelisa
mimarT ziarebuli, anu yofa¡ mizezisa mimarT ara TanSemSjelobiT,
anu TansaxelobiT, viTarca TanaarsTa zeda, aramed sexnaobiT da,
viTar saTqumel ars, TanmqoneblobiT, miuwdomelobisaebr ra��
¡��
gani-
57
yofvodis urTierTas buneba¡ saqmeTa¡, araTu sayuarel ars, viTarca
WeSmarit ars, mier kerZod bunebisaca da saqmeTa Tquma¡ RmerTsa.
xolo sadaRa kualad, uku��
H��
Tu sxeul yofa��
¡��
mieces maTebr sul-
sa, xatisebrobisa Cuenisa¡ dacvul iqmnes sityua¡, araTu vTquaT,
viTarmed ara yovelTa mier aqus sulsa msgavseba¡ dasabamsaxisa¡,
(169r) rameTu, viTar igi gonierisa goniersa da ukudavisa, uxrwneli-
sa da uxilavisa, amaT Sina cnobilsa xatad saxelvsdebT, egreTve
usxeulo¡sasaca usxeulod metyuHlni, viTarca yovlisa sizrqisa, da
egreTve yovlisa xanierobiTisa gazomisagan ganltolvilsa. aramed,
rameTu kualad vity¢T amas, misgan T¢Tebisaebr bunebisa¡sa, Tu ara,
aramca iyo xat, aramed ucvalebel igiveoba. xolo romelni augeb-
elsa, da uqcevelsa, da dauwyebelsa Soris bunebasa missa ixilvebian,
maTve Sina agebulsa sity¢ersa bunebasa, garna ara egreTve, aramed,
viTarca ukuana¡sknelTa nandTa Soris PmisaTa cxadad gamoCenasa
sity��
¢��
sasa Cu��
H��
nebad vhgonebT. da viTar igi arsTa SorisTa mier Sem-
kulebisaebr yovliTurTisa��
¡��
sa SesrulebulTa zeSTfilosofosi gon-
eba��
¡��
, ganwmedilisa mimarT da usxeulo��
¡��
sa gardamRebeli Zalsa gasago-
nelTa misTasa, ganarCevs ZrulTagan mZrvelsa, da erTad, da mxolod,
da martivad masve myofsa TaviT T¢siT egreTveobis mqonebelad da
SemoqmedobiTad mizezad mimwdomi misi T��
¢��
sisa mier igiveobiTisa ne-
tarebisa, sxuaTagan bunebiT Seuxebelad Seemecnebis uqcevelsa ukuH,
rameTu uZrav ars, vina��
¡��
Tgan ara ars, romlisa mimarT iZras Semoqmed-
ica da aRmavsebeli myofTa��
¡��
da zeSTa yovelTasa myofi. xolo garSe-
mcvelobiTsa, viTarca Semoqmedsa da miuwdomeliTa ZaliTa, pirvel
qmnisa yovelTa¡sa, mecniersa. miTve guariTa xedvisa¡Ta da asoTa da
kerZoTa TiToferobisa mier da PelovnebiTisa moZravobisa mcirisa
soflisa, vity��
¢��
uku��
H��
kacisa, mZrvelobiTsa mizezsa mracxeli da ra-
meTu icis arsebisaebr T¢nier urRanebrisa myofobisa sxeulisa¡sa, da
ara viTarca sxeulman sxeulsa Sina, viTar hgonies axalTa brZenTa da
meSjuleTa ver gamosaCe(169v)nelTasa, aramed martivsa da erTobiTsa
58
ganWradTa Soris xedavs, da sazRvris SinaTa Soris ganusazRvrebelsa
qceuli sadme, viTarca moZravi, xolo moZravi, viTarca mqonebeli,
romlisa mimarT iZras. xolo moZravobisebrisa qcevisa mizezad ara
buneba¡ uwyis, aramed Zrva¡, raJams cTomilad myof iyos igi.
ese ukuH qceuleba¡ ara T¢T mis sulisa arsebisaT¢s ars, viTar
vhgonebde, Tu ara gardamca qmna sxuad guarobad, da ara igived
ego arsebisaebr, aramed moZravobisaT¢s Cuen zeda¡sad, romeli
T��
¢��
TmRerobelobiTsa nebasa Seemsgavsebis. da rameTu viTarmed qcev-
isa Zali aquso ityodin ra¡ da gamoaCenden macilobelni T¢T mas
RmrTis ZliTsa maradis moZravobasa sulisasa, armeWeSmariteTad
vhgoneb me amas yofad, aramed mokicxarobiTad da mWevrobiTad, da
ara krZalulebiT simkacresa sity��
¢��
sasa meZiebelTad. Tu ara, vin zi-
ari sity��
¢��
sa��
¡��
da saTnoebismoyuarebisagan arunawilo��
¡��
umecar ars, vi-
Tarmed arara¡ sxua¡ ars keTilis ZliTi maradis moZravoba¡ sulisa¡,
T¢nier moqmedeba¡ bunebiTi, romlisa ZliT da saromelod Seiqmna
srulmyofi mis mizezisa¡. xolo qceuleba¡, moZravoba¡ bunebis gareSe
Semomyvanebeli miumTxuHvelobasa amis mizezisasa, rameTu qceuleba¡,
Cemisaebr sity��
¢��
sa, ara ra��
¡��
sxua��
¡��
ars, garna mouZlureba��
¡��
da ganvr-
doma¡ bunebiTTa moqmedebaTagan. nuRara ukuH RmrTisa da agebulisa
TanSetyuHbisa Tqumad kadrebasa evedre sityuametnTa maT, vina¡Tgan
RmerTi sakuTrad iTq¢n, arca sxeul, arca usxeulo, arca arseba,
arca mosagonelTa, anu TqumulTagani ra¡me ars, ra¡Ta ara yovelTa
TiToeulad viricxuvide, aramed mogonebuli mougoneblad da Tqu-
muli uTqumelad hgia.
eseni vidreme ukuH me (170r) ZieblobiT da ara SjulismdeblobiT
iTqunes Cuen mier, da uku��
H��
Tu kma sayofeloba��
¡��
sadme aqus win dadebi-
sa mimarT, raoden Semoklebulobasa epistolesasa Zal edva, da arm-
ravlad daklebul ars didgonebaobisagan Tquenisa, RmerTsa madli
da Tquen brZanebelTa. xolo, uku��
H��
Tu gnebavsye, araTu irwmunon wi-
naaRmdgomTa, uRuawlieresadre wina ganwyoba��
¡��
maTi, mza varT, madl-
59
iTa RmrTisa¡Ta, garemo¡s mdebareTa CuenTa saRmrToTa mowameTa da
wamebaTa dabervad Rrublisa zeda maTisa, ra¡Ta yovlisave amis ZliT
satkivarisa ganxilvisa simZimesa ganmgdebelTa da advil dasa��
P��
sneli-
sa macilobelTa sityuambrZolobisaTa, uSfoTvelobiT guaqundes
RmrTisa da agebulTa misTa ZliT WeSmariti mecniereba��
¡��
. xolo uku-
HTu akldes ra¡me, romlisa¡ yovliTurT saWiro ars SemTxuHva¡, da
arunaklulo iyvnen, viTarca uswavlelisagan gagonebisa da uZlu-
risa urRano¡sa gamomavalni, Semndobel meqmneniT, Seyuarebulno,
mxolo¡sa morCilebisaT¢s, viTarca gamomeZiebelman gulTaman uwyis
RmerTman, amaTdaca Tqumad mkadrebelsa, da ganhmarTeT simS¢diT
armnebebeli umjobesTaganisa ra��
¡��
sme umecrebasa da ��
P��
elmpyrobel eqm-
neniT TanalmobiT marTliad mogzaurobisa gulismTqumelsa.
iordanis mimarT xucisa, viTarmed Semdgomad sikudilisa aqus

sulsa gonieri moqmedeba��
¡ ��
da arcerTisagan gandgebis bunebiTisa Za-
lisa
meoresa wleulisa avRustosisa TT¢sa, awindelisa pirvelisa

epinemiseo¡sasa, zogadman megobarman Cuenman, patiosani mamobiTisa
siwmidisa Tquenisa��
¡��
momca me naweri, romelTa mimTxu��
H��
uli nugeSinis-
cemul vidreme viqmen samarTlad Tquen zeda CemTa meufeTa, da Sem-
dgomad RmrTisa, mizezTa yovelTa keTilTa CemTasa, simrTeliT moqa
(170v) laqeTa. rameTu, esoden yovliTurT SeerTebul ars Tquenda
suli RmrTisa¡ wmida¡, vidremdis Sorielad myofTa¡ca, TualTa mier
gonebisaTa mimxedveli Tqueni morTul viqmnebi myofisaebr Cem Soris
Zalisa, da cxorebisa, da sity��
¢��
sa, viTarmca ��
P��
senebisaebr RmerTi meoc-
neboda Tquen mier, da vhxedevdi da vewiwvode. xolo Sevwuxen aramci-
red sulisa ZliTsa zeda rwmenasa, vieTsame, viTarca moswereT flo-
bilebiT qadagebulsa mun, romelsa, Tu raodeni da viTari boroti
Zali da kadniereba¡ aqus aqaca gulad momRebeli. xolo umetesiTa
mWmunvarebiTa aRsavse myofs me aqa da simZimilsa, viTarca Rrubelsa
60
mohxuHvs gagonebasa Cemsa, kninRa yovelTa mier da ufro¡sRa reca
usaCinoesTa monazonTa mier aRdgomisaT��
¢��
s aRsarebuli axlismzraxva-
li rwmena��
¡��
aw, vidremdis arcaRa da hazrviT windamwyebeloba��
¡��
mgone-
blobasa antiqristes moslvisasa, aramed ufro¡sRa awve yofisa misisa
rwmuneba��
¡��
da damtkiceba��
¡��
. xolo, viTar saxedca TanmqonebelTa amisi-
sa guliszraxvisaTa, T¢T igi uadgiloba¡ TqumulTa¡ aqus mwamebelad
egodenisa siborotisad.
rameTu ity¢an ukrZalvelad aRmmaxuvelni yovelTa mimarT enisani
da araraT uTnoobiT qmnilTa, anu TqumulTaganTa saSinelad Sem-
racxelni, viTarmed TelgmiTa kualad, da sisxliTa, da mwiTuriTa
navRliTa da SaviTa, da airisa mozidviTa, da sazrdeliTa grZnoba-
diTa sicocxlisa mimarT mWirvisa gulvebadoba¡ sxeulTa¡ iqmnebis
aRdgomasa mas, ara ras ucxosa ra��
¡��
TurTiT aqa��
¡��
sa cxorebisasa aRd-
gomisa mier warmoCeniTa, T¢nier arSeZlebisa kualad sikudilad. ara
uwyi, Tu viTar yovelTa wmidasa werilsa Sina sulisaT��
¢��
s da aRdgomi-
sa mkudarTa¡sa winaswarmetyvelTa mier da mociqulTa, da T¢T mis
PorciTa zraxebulisa Cuenda sity¢sa mier RmrTisa da gansakuTrebiT
korinTelTaTvis RvTaebrivi pavlesagan miseulad Tqmulni aRdgomi-
sa Sesaxeb. maT ki ar rcxveniaT, romelnic arian smenisa nebayoflo-
biT damxSobni da gonierebisaken sulieri Tvalis damxuWavni imgvarad
cxadad arsebulTa da gasagebTa mimarT, romelTa Sesacnobad ara-
visagan sWirdebaT ganmmartebeli. maTTvis ar aris ucxo Tavad arsTa
buneba, romelic aris RvTivsaxobriv gamonaTqvamebze aranakleb mas-
wavlebeli da romelic, Tundac barbarosebs winamZRvrobs WeSmariti
codnisaken wayvanaSi, sakuTar TavSi naTlad warmomCeneli sakvlevTa
mtkicebulebisa.
radgan vin ar icis, Tuki marTlac namdvilad sruliad ar das-
cilebia madls, rom yoveli buneba arsobrivad sakuTari TvisebebiT
ganisazRvreba da amiT warmoaCens, rogorc sakuTari yofierebis sax-
es, aseve gansxvavebas, romlis gamo savsebiT gamijnula sxva bunebaTa-
61
gan. roca dakargavs sakuTari arsebis safuZvlisdamdeb Tvisebebs, an
saerTod ar iqneba, an rogoric ar iyo, iseTi gaxdeba, Tuki marTlac
TvisebaTa ganadgurebis Semdeg saerTod iTqmeba misi arseboba sivrc-
esa da droSi (συμπεριφορικώς). bunebriv TvisebaTa xrwniT xom xdeba
ganxrwna yoveli qvemdebarisa (ύποκείμενον). ra, an sad iqneba xari, cx-
eni, lomi da sxva amgvarni, roca ar iarsebebs TiToeulis safuZvlis-
damdebi bunebrivi Tvisebebi. an vin kadnieri da Tavisuflad myofi
sigiJisagan ityvis amaT arsebobas imaT gareSe, anu maT urTierTisa-
gan gamijnulobas. amitom Tu WeSmaritad myofTagan arafers SeuZlia
arseboba, an yofna, Tvinier mis bunebriv da sakuTriv maxasiaTebelTa
gareSe, sulisagan CamoSorebulni, arsebisaebr masTan myofni, esenia,
rogorc ganmsjeloba, aseve goniereba, romelTanac Sesabamisad mu-
dam aris da moqmedebs igi (suli), rogorc gonieri da gansjis una-
ris mqone, cxadia, erTdroulad Camoacileben misgan (sulisagan) ar-
sebobas da aris, Tumc ar amboben, maTi swavlebis mixedviT, xrwna
da sikvdili, anu sxeulis sikvdilis Semdeg myofobis armqonebloba,
araferia amaze uugunuresi.
Tuki mis (sulis) sicocxles miiCneven, yvelasagan undod myofni,
Tundac sityviT da ara saqmiT, mtkicebulebad, ueWvelad moZraobs.
radgan dabadebulTagan yoveli cxoveli moZraobaSi warmoCndeba.
Tuki moZraobs, moqmedebs kidec, radgan yoveli moZraoba moqmedebi-
sagan gamoixateba. Tuki moqmedebs, ueWuelad bunebrivad moZravia da
ara warmodgeniT, an SemTxveviT imoqmedebs. rameTu ara wriulad, an
sirvculad, anu mokled rom vTqvaT, sxeulebrivad, aramed gonebiT
da gansjiT.
Tuki gonebiTa da gansjiT cocxlobs, moZraobs da moqmedebs, ra
Tqma unda, gansjis, azrovnebs da Seicnobs. Tuki ar Seicnobs da gan-
sjis, arc moqmedebs, arc moZraobs, arc cocxlobs, radgan SeuZle-
belia cocxlad yofna Tandayolili moZraobis gareSe, arc bunebrivi
moZraoba warmoCndeba, Tuki ar aris Tandayolili moqmedeba.
62
sxvagvarad ki, suli an sakuTari Tavisagan aris gansjadi da gon-
ieri, an sxeulisagan. Tuki sakuTari Tavisagan, anu sakuTari arsebisa-
gan aris gansjadi da gonieri, ueWuelad TviTgvamovani (auqupostatoj)
iqneba. Tuki bunebiT sakuTari Tavisagan aris TviTgvamovani, Se-
sabamisad, TavisTavad da sxeulTan erTad imoqmedebs gonieri da
ganmsjeli da arasodes Semwyveteli bunebrivad masTan myofi gon-
ebrivi Zalebisa. rameTu bunebrivi myofobiT Tanarsebulni (Tvise-
bebi), rac ar unda iyos, vidre aris da mdgomareobs (am TvisebaTa
matarebeli), ganuyrelad eqneba. amitom suli, mudam myofi Semoqmedi
RmerTisagan, romlisaganac iqmna da mdgomareobs iseTad, rogoric
aris, mudam azrovnebs, gansjis da Seicnobs TavisTavad da sxeulTan
erTad sakuTari Tavisagan (Patrologia Graeca, t. 91, MAXMOUz OMOLO-
GETOz, col. 433-437). (171r) da bunebisaca T��
¢��
sisa. arca uku��
H��
erTi epoe-
bis sityua¡, romeli bunebiT da ara sxeulisa mier misTana myofTagan,
Semdgomad amisisa daPsnisa ucxo yofad sulisa SemZlebel ars. xolo
ukuHTu sxeulisa mier sity¢er da gonier ars suli, pirvelad sadme
upatiosnes sulisa iyos misT¢s qmnili sxeuli. amis Semdgomad misgan
aqundes gonieroba¡ da sity¢eroba¡, viTarca misT¢s qmnilsa. rameTu,
uku��
H��
Tu T��
¢��
nier sxeulisa arasada mgoneblobad, anu gulismsityuv-
elobad SemZlebel ars suli, ueWuHlad misgan iyos amisi mgonebloba¡
da gulismsityuveloba��
¡��
. xolo, uku��
H��
Tu mgonebloba��
¡��
da gulismsi-
tyuveloba��
¡��
sxeulisagan mougies sulsa, viTarca T��
¢��
nier missa ama-
Tisa qonebisa verSemZlebelsa, metyuHlTaebr, arca T¢Tguamoan iyos
ganaRa, rameTu viTar T¢nier sxeulisa TaviT T¢siTisa dat¢frvisa
armqonebeli. da ukuHTu T¢Tguamoan ara ars, arca arseba ars, cxad
ars viTarmed. xolo arseba¡ armyofi T¢Tguamad, SemTxuHviTi iyos
bunebiTad Semtkicebulsa sxeulsa xolo Soris myofi, da Semdgo-
mad daPsnisa misisa, ara ra¡T arsadayofad SemZlebeli, da arca erTi
ra¡ iyos umetesoba¡ epikuro¡s da aristotelis cudtkivneulobisa¡,
esoden ugunur qmnilTa maTsa, romelni ukudavebasa sulisasa uar-
63
hyofen da romelTa TanadawesebiTa, viTar Sesadginebel ars, dada-
Sndebian mPneni ese da amisT¢s ukuH eseni.
xolo aRdgomisaT��
¢��
s maT mier Tqumuli vis saTnoebisa da keTilmT-
neblobisa moRuawesa esmodis ra¡, ara uvnebeloba¡ T¢si vnebisa mimarT,
maT ZliTisa ganmwarebisa��
¡��
sa vity��
¢��
, gardacvalos, rameTu uku��
H��
Tu, vi-
Tarca ity¢an xatebisaebr aqa¡sa cxorebisa ucvalebelad, urTierTas
mbrZolTa balRamTagan Semzadebuli aRdges sxeuli da izrdebodis
saSinelsa Sina (171v) moslvasa RmrTisasa Semdgomad soflisa amis das-
rulebisa, ara sxuasa ras vhgoneb maTT¢s amaT ZliT, ra¡Ta mravalTa
Tanawarmvleli, ravdenTa¡ jerars Tquma¡, Semoklebulad vityodiT
T��
¢��
nier samaradisod Setkbobasa sikudilisa da dausrulebelisa xr-
wnilebisasa. rameTu uku��
H��
Tu xrwnileba esreT SemtkicebulTa sxeul-
Ta sikudili ars, xolo wardinebisa mier WamadTa¡sa Semtkicebuli
sxeuli maradis ganixrwnebis, dinebiTa ganorTqlvili mis SorisTa
balRamTa, romelTagan Semtkicebul ars winaaRmdgomobisaT��
¢��
s sama-
radisod sadme, romelTagan Semdgomad aRdgomisa Semtkicebul yo-
fasa sxeulisasa winadasdeben, mimdemsa dacvulebasa sikudilisasa
miuTxroben. saTanado ars rwmunebad, viTarmed aRdgebis igi arsebi-
saebr vidreme da saxisa sxeuli, garna uxrwneli da ukudavi, da mo-
ciqulebr iTqumoded: nacvalad „mS¢nvierisa“„sulieri“, da ara ra¡s
momRebeli SemamtkicebelobiTisa T¢Tebisa¡, romeli xrwnilebad
mimarT gardascvalebdes, viTarca icis, uvnebelobisa da patiosnebi-
sa mimarT gardamzavebelman misman RmerTman, da ara ra��
¡��
umetesi Za-
luc cudmkulevelobasa.
amaT zeda moxarulad da mSuebelad mxilveli mravalTa, davyru-
vdi, da davmdabldi, da davdumen keTilTagan, urCeulesad sity��
¢��
sa du-
milisa mSjeli, yofad yovlisa gulisxumierisaT¢s, da T¢sagan TaviT
CemiT mglovare da mWmunvare vrorineb gulismsityuavi, Tu raodensa
eseviTarni sityuani udeb qmnilni yovliT kerZo msgavsad naberwy-
alTasa mimomsrbolni momwuvelobasa Seiqman sulTasa, da arca erTi
64
vin ars SemZlebeli, anu mnebebeli, TanambrZolebad mimZlavrebulisa
sity¢sa zedmpyrobel qmnilisaT¢s siborotisa Jamisa¡sa, romlisaT¢s
ufro¡s Semaurvebs gankideeba¡ Tquengan, maxlobelobiT mcv (172r)
eli Cemi da gamom��
P��
sneli savnebelTagan, yovlad Zlierisa mamobrivi-
sa siwmidisa Tquenisa zedmoxilvisa armqonebelsa,zeda¡s zedaobiTa
sity¢sa¡Ta ganmakrZalebelsa mravalTa SebrkolebaTa CemTasa.
Two Epistles on Soul by St. Maximus the Confessor
DDavid Iobidze
In this publication we present two epistles (K 14) by St. Maximus the Con-
fessor that are included in the manuscripts collection of the historical and
ethnographic museum. The contents of the epistles are close to each other
for in them St. Maximus the Confessor researches the issue of soul.
The Holy Father sends the first epistle to the Archbishop John, and the
other – to Venerable John (‘the Old’). In his epistles Saint Maximus speaks
that the soul is an incorporeal essence, it cannot be initiated with any external
power but with its internal power. Soul is the owner of the body and its move-
ment. It does not possess the qualities of the body. In Soul ‘God's image’ can
be seen and it bears the qualities which God owns everlastingly.
After the death the human soul does not die and it maintains its forces.
After the resurrection the soul and the body will not need anything material.
Among several textual problems found in the Georgian manuscripts the
present work very briefly touches only two of them:

65
wmindanis saxelobis taZris dResaswaulis
ti pikonuri Taviseburebebi
taZris dResaswaulis msaxurebis tipikonuri Taviseburebani unda

ganvixiloT romelime wmindanis saxelobis taZris dResaswaulis Sem-
TxvevaSi. macxovrisa da yovladwminda RvTismSoblis aTormetTagani
dResaswauli, nebismier taZarSi, maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli erTnairi
sadResaswaulo tipikoniT Sesruldeba, anu maT „taZris dResaswau-
lis“ Taviseburebebi ar gaaCniaT.
taZris dResaswauli tardeba „RamisTevis“ msaxurebiT. Cveni ekle-
siis tipikoniT „RamisTevis“ msaxurebiT V da VI rangis dResaswaule-
bi tardeba. sainteresoa, rom tipikonuri maxasiaTeblebiT taZris
dResaswauli TiTqos maT Sorisaa, anu is metia, aRemateba V rangs,
magram Camouvardeba VI rangs.
taZris dResaswauli rom V rangs aRemateba, amas adasturebs misi
tipikonuri maxasiaTeblebi, magaliTad:
1. kvira dRes V rangis msaxurebaze ciskarSi ikiTxeba kviris aRd-
gomis aTerTmetTagani saxareba da ara V rangis dResaswaulisa.
magram kviras taZris wmindis dResaswaulze ciskarSi kviris
aRdgomis aTerTmeTagani saxarebis nacvlad ikiTxeba taZris
dResaswaulis saciskro saxareba.
2. kviras V rangis msaxurebaze ciskarSi 50-e fsalmunis Semdgom
muxlebSi „mcire“ miwyales Semdeg Cveulebriv sruldeba „aR-
sdga ra ieso...“, Jamnidan, maSin, roca kviras taZris wmindis
dResaswaulze „aRsdga ra ieso...“-s nacvlad Sesruldeba 50-e
fsalmunis Semdgomi wardgoma taZris dResaswaulisa.
3. kviras aTormetTagani dResaswaulis garda, wmindis nebismier
dResaswaulze, „RamisTevis“ CaTvliT, saciskro kanonSi me-3 ga-
lobis Semdeg sruldeba wmindis kondaki da ikosi, xolo me-6
66
galobis Semdeg aRdgomis kondaki da ikosi.
taZris dResaswauli ki cvlis am ganlagebas da kviris aRd-
gomis kondaksa da ikoss asrulebs me-3 galobis Semdeg, xolo
taZris kondaks da ikoss - VI galobis Semdeg!
4. aTormetTagan dResaswaulTa wina da Semdgom periodSi Tu kvi-
ras daemTxveva taZris dResaswauli, am SemTxvevaSi tipikonis
sataZro dResaswaulis 23-e Tavis safuZvelze ar Sesruldeba
wina da Semdgomi dResaswaulis msaxureba (Тmпjконъ, 1997, 1109),
riTac gamoxatulia taZris dResaswaulis gansakuTrebuli
sazeimo xasiaTi.
5. tipikonis mixedviT didmarxvis mosamzadebeli periodis bolo
- yvelieris SvideulSi V rangis „RamisTevis“ msaxureba ar aRes-
ruleba.
Zveli stiliT 30.01. - wminda sami mRvdelmTavris wminda ioane
oqropiris, wminda basili didisa da wminda grigol RvTisme-
tyvelis V rangis msaxureba Tu daemTxveva yvelieris orSabaTs,
samSabaTs an xuTSabaTs, markozis Tavebis mixedviT es dResas-
wauli nacvlad V rangis „RamisTevisa“, Sesruldeba IV rangis
„sadidebliani“ msaxurebiT da amitom puric ar ikurTxeva (sa-
dResaswaulo, 1865, 30.01, 828-829).
magram, Tu taZris dResaswauli daemTxveva yvelieris Svideu-
lis orSabaTs, samSabaTs an xuTSabaTs, Cveulebriv Sesruldeba
„RamisTevis“ msaxureba puris kurTxeviT da Tanac, sadResas-
waulo ganwyobidan gamomdinare, triodion - marxvanis sakiTx-
avebis gareSe(!), tipikonis 27-e Tavis Tanaxmad (Тmпjконъ, 1997,
1111)
6. tipikoni gvamzadebs didi marxvis sadagi dRis msaxurebisaTvis
da yvelieris oTSabaTsa da paraskevs aResruleba „aliluias“
sasinanulo msaxureba, rac gulisxmobs imas, rom am or dRes
wirva ar Catardeba.
67
Tu sami didi mRvdelmTavris xseneba-30.01 daemTxveva yve-
lieris Svideulis oTxSabaTs an paraskevs, marxvanis mar-
kozis Tavebis mixedviT ormagi cvlileba aResruleba: a) sami
mRvdelmTavris msaxureba Sesruldeba winadRes da b) Tanac
maTi msaxureba nacvld V rangis „RamisTevisa“, aResruleba
„sadidebliani“-VI rangiT, Sesabamisad, puric aRar ikurTxeva
(triodion marxvani, 1901, markozis Tavebi, furc.1. gv.1).
magram, Tu taZris dResaswauli daemTxveva yvelieris Svideu-
ls oTxSabaTs an paraskevs, Catardeba wminda ioane oqropiris
wirva da Cveulebiv Sesruldeba „RamisTevis“ msaxureba puris
kurTxeviT, tipikonis sataZro dResaswaulTa 28-e Tavis Tanax-
mad (Тmпjконъ, 1997, 1111). am SemTxvevaSi misi msaxureba nawilo-
briv SeierTebs triodion - marxvans.
7. tipikonis Tanaxmad, aRdgomis momdevno brwyinvale SvideulSi
wmindis msaxureba ar aResruleba. gamonaklisia mxolod 25.03,
- yovladwminda RvTismSoblis xarebis aTormetTagani dResas-
wauli da 23.04 - wminda didmowame giorgis dResaswauli. Tumca
giorgobas brwyinvale SvideulSi umcirdeba rangi - „RamisTe-
vis“ nacvlad Catardeba „sadidebliani“ IV rangiT (triodion
- zatiki, 1868, 464).
taZris dResaswauli brwyinvale SvideulSic ise Catardeba,
rogorc xareba yovladwminda RvTismSoblisa 25.03, „RamisTe-
vis“ msaxurebiT (Тmпjконъ, 1997, 1131), anu taZris dResaswauls
rangi arasodes umcirdeba!
taZris dResaswauli, rom VI rangis Tanatoli ar aris, es Ta-
visTavad cxadia, radgan VI rangs miekuTvneba sul 15 dResaswauli
- macxovrisa da yovladwminda RvTismSoblis aTormeti dResaswauli,
wminda ioane naTlismcemlis ori - Soba 24.06 da TaviskveTa - 29.08
da wminda TavTa mociqulTa petresa da pavles dResaswauli - 29.06.
(TariRebi aqac da SemdegSic mocemulia Zveli stiliT). saqarTvelos
68
marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi aseve VI rangis msaxureba aqvs adgilobiv
udides dResaswauls -1.10. uflis kvarTisa da sveticxovlis dResas-
wauls (gelaTis sasuliero akademiisa da seminariis Sromebi, I, 2015,
35-43).
VI rangis am CamonaTvalSi taZris dResaswauli ar gvxvdeba, Tanac
macxovrisa da yovladwminda RvTismSoblis aTormetTagani dResas-
waulebi mravaldRiania: aqvT wina dResaswauli, dResaswaulis Sem-
dgomi periodi da wargzavna. VI rangis danarCeni, ara aTormetTa-
gani 4 dResaswauli (24.06; 29.06; 29.08 da 1.10), tipikonis mixedviT,
ordRiania - meore dRis msaxurebas uerTdeba da ase warigzavneba
TiToeuli maTgani.
am faqtoriTac taZris dResaswauli aRmatebulia V rangze da
ufro uaxlovdeba VI rangs! taZris dResaswauli warigzavneba imave
dRes, saRamos msaxurebis (e.i. momdevno dRis) mwuxrze, romelze-
dac „ufalo RaRad-vhyavisa...“ da „stiqaronTa - zeda“ dasdeblebi
da „mamao Cvenos“ Semdeg tropari ikiTxeba taZris dResaswaulisa.
mwuxris Semdeg ase warigzavneba taZris dResaswauli (Тmпjконъ, 1997,
1098). meore diliT, ciskarze, taZris sakiTxavebi, ra Tqma unda ar
Sesruldeba.
taZris dResaswauli ar warigzavneba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu meore dRe
aris an kvira, an macxovris, an yovladwminda RvTismSoblis dResas-
wauli, an sxva romelime V an VI rangis wmindis dResaswauli. am Sem-
TxvevaSi meore dRis saRamos msaxurebaSi mwuxrze taZris dResaswau-
lis sakiTxavebi ar Sesruldeba, anu taZris dResaswauli erTdRiani
iqneba (Тmпjконъ, 1997, 1098).
tipikonis mixedviT, zogierT SemTxvevaSi taZris dResaswaulic
izRudeba an icvlis xsenebis dRes, anu gadadis sxva dRes:
1. Tu taZris dResaswauli daemTxveva didmarxvis I Svideulis or-
SabaTs, maSin is gadadis wina dRes da SeuerTdeba yvelieris
kviras (Тmпjконъ, 1997, 1112).
2. Tu taZris dResaswauli daemTxveva didmarxvis I Svideulis
69
romelime sadag dRes samSabaTidan paraskevis CaTvliT, is ga-
dadis I SabaTs da SeuerTdeba wminda Teodore tironis msax-
urebas (Тmпjконъ, 1997, 1112).
3. Tu taZris dResaswauli daemTxveva didmarxvis vnebis Svideu-
lis did orSabaTs, an samSabaTs, an oTxSabaTs, an xuTSabaTs, is
gadadis wina kviras da bzobis dResaswaulTan SeerTebiT aRes-
ruleba (Тmпjконъ, 1997, 1130).
xolo Tu taZris dResaswauli daemTxveva an did paraskevs,
an did SabaTs, an Tavad aRdgomis brwyinvale dResaswauls, is
gadadis brwyinvale SvideulSi da Sesruldeba an orSabaTs an
samSabaTs (Тmпjконъ, 1997, 1130).
am SezRudvebis Semdeg vnaxoT iseTi sapirispiro SemTxvevebi, rom-
lebSic gansakuTrebuli ZaliT vlindeba taZris dResaswaulis sidi-
ade:
1. taZris dResaswauli Tu daemTxveva, adgils ar icvlis da uerT-
deba macxovris sam moZrav aTormetTagan dResaswauls: bzobas
amaRlebasa da sulTmofenobas (Тmпjконъ, 1997, Tavi 44, 1128-1129;
Tavi 51, 1131; Tavi 55, 1135).
2. taZris dResaswauli aseve uerTdeba aTormetTagan dResas-
waulTa jvarTamaRlebis, qristeSobis, naTlisRebis, amaRlebis,
sulTmofenobisa da sxvaTa wargzavnebs, romlebic, rogorc
wesi, wmindanTa msaxurebebs ar ierTeben.
3. taZris dResaswauli aTormetTagan dResaswaulTa wargzavnas
uerTdeba kvira dResac ki.
tipikonSi taZris dResaswaulTa me-18 TavSi ganxilulia
magaliTi Tu rogor Sesruldeba 31 dekembers Rirsi melania
romaelis taZris msaxureba kviras - aRdgomis msaxurebasa da
qristeSobis dResaswaulis wargzavnasTan SeerTebiT. am Sem-
TxvevaSi qristeSobis Semdgomi kviris msaxureba Sesruldeba
wargzavnamde romelime dRes, roca inebebs upiratesi (Тmпjконъ,
70
1997, Tavi 18, 1108-1109).
tipikonSi ganxiluli am magaliTis Tanaxmad, taZris msaxureba
kviras, aTormetTagani dResaswaulis wargzavnasTan SeerTebiT
Sesruldeba ise, rogorc yovladwminda RvTismSoblis taZrad
miyvanebis dResaswaulis wargzavna Sesruldeba kviras, wminda
klimenti romaelis msaxurebasTan erTad. es SeerTebuli msax-
ureba ganxilulia sadResaswauloSi (sadResaswaulo, 1865, 386).
tipikonSi taZris dResaswaulTa 24-e TavSi ganxilulia sxva
magaliTi da mocemulia miTiTeba, rom taZris dResaswauli Tu
daemTxveva romelime aTormetTagani dResaswaulis wargzavnas
kvira dRes, es msaxureba Sesruldeba, rogorc wminda svimeon
mesvetis taZris msaxureba (1 seqtemberi) kviras, indiqtionTan
SeerTebiT (Тmпjконъ, 1997, Tavi 24, 1110).
4. dResaswaulTa wina da Semdgom periodSi, tipikonis Tanaxmad
wmindis msaxureba „RamisTeviT“ anu V rangSi ar tardeba, radgan
aq aTormetTagani dResaswaulis zeimi da msaxureba grZeldeba
wargzavnamde (Kawkin A.S. 2012, 498).
e.i. wina da Semdgom periodSi wmindanTa msaxureba SeiZleba
Catardes I-II-III-IV rangSi.
magram yvela aTormetTagan dResaswaulTa wina da Semdgom
periodSi taZris dResaswauli SeuzRudavad tardeba „RamisTe-
viT“ V rangSi da puris kurTxeviT (Тmпjконъ, 1997, Tavi 18, 1107-
1108; Tavi 22, 1109).
5. tipikonis Tanaxmad, zatikis periodis sadag dReebSic, ise ro-
gorc aTormetTagan dResaswaulTa wina da Semdgom periodSi,
wmindis msaxureba „RamisTeviT“ anu V rangSi ar tardeba, Tumca
taZris wmindis dResaswauli zatikis periodis sadag dReebSic
daubrkoleblad aResruleba V rangis „RamisTevis“ msaxurebiT
(Тmпjконъ, 1997, Tavi 48-49, 1131).
axla ganvixiloT iseT SemTxvevebi, roca taZris dResaswauli sxva
71
mniSvnelovan dResaswaulebs Seucvlis xsenebis dRes an msaxurebis
tipikons:
1. Tu taZris dResaswauli daemTxveva didmarxvis IV Svideulis
oTxSabaTs - ganzogebas, ra Tqma unda, taZris dResaswauli
Sesruldeba, I Jamnze Cveulebriv, jvris Tayvaniscemac aRes-
ruleba, xolo oTxSabaTis ciskris jvris kanoni - 9 galoba,
gadaiwevs win da Sesruldeba orSabaTs (Тmпjконъ, 1997, Tavi 39,
1123-1124).
2. Tu taZris dResaswauli daemTxveva didmarxvis V Svideulis
oTxSabaTs, taZris dResaswauli darCeba am dRes da Sesrul-
deba, Tumca wminda andria kretelis 24 dasdebeli oTxSabaTis
nacvlad Sesruldeba V Svideulis orSabaTs, xolo misive didi
kanoni da pirvelSewiruli xuTSabaTis nacvlad Sesruldeba
samSabaTs (Тmпjконъ, 1997, Tavi 40, 1124-1125).
xuTSabaTs, Sesruldeba amave dRes, xolo wminda andia krete-
lis didi kanoni da pirvelSewiruli Sesruldeba V Svideu-
lis samSabaTs. oTxSabaTs mwuxrSi, ciskarsa da wirvaSi yvela
dasdebeli da samsagalobeli xuTSabaTisa ucvlelad darCeba
(Тmпjконъ, 1997, Tavi 41, 1125).
SabaTs - yovladwminda RvTismSoblis daujdomelis SabaTs,
tipikonis sataZro dResaswaulTa 42-e Tavis Tanaxmad, maTi
msaxureba SeerTdeba, oRond SabaTis oTxsagalobeli gadava
sxva dRes da Sesruldeba serobaze (Тmпjконъ, 1997, Tavi 42, 1125-
1126).
5. Tu taZris dResaswauli daemTxveva didmarxvis VI Svideulis
lazares SabaTs, tipikonis sataZro dResaswaulTa 43-e Tavis
Tanaxmad, maTi msaxureba SeerTdeba, Tumca dReRamuri cik-
li Seicvleba. RamisTevis msaxurebis win saRamos msaxurebaSi
72
daemateba mcire seroba, romelzec Sesruldeba wminda andria
kretelis mier Seqmnili marTali lazares kanoni marxvani-
dan. es cvlileba gamowveulia imiT, rom „RamisTevis“ gamo
did serobaSi kanonis adgilze sruldeba „litia“, „litiasa“
da „stiqaronsa-zeda“ dasdeblebi da puris kurTxeva (Тmпjконъ,
1997, Tavi 43, 1126-1128).
rac Seexeba taZris dResaswaulisa da micvalebulTa msax-
urebis Sesrulebas, aq ganixileba ori SemTxveva:
1. Tu taZris dResaswauli daemTxveva didmarxvis II an III an IV Sa-
baTs, maSin tipikonis sataZro dResaswaulTa 36-e Tavis Tanax-
mad, Sesruldeba taZris dResaswauli, xolo micvalebulTa
msaxureba arc Sesruldeba da arc sxva romelime dRes gadain-
acvlebs, anu aseT SemTxvevaS didmarxvaSi micvalebulTa msax-
ureba am taZarSi, samis nacvlad Sesruldeba orjer (Тmпjконъ,
1997, Tavi 36, 1120-1121).
2. Tu taZris dResaswauli daemTxveva didmarxvis mosamzadebel
periodSi xorcielis SabaTs an zatikis periodSi sulTmofeno-
bis SabaTs, maSin tipikonis sataZro dResaswaulTa 26-e da 54-e
Tavebis Sesabamisad, Sesruldeba taZris dResaswauli, xolo
micvalebulTa msaxureba Sesruldeba wina SabaTs (Тmпjконъ, 1997,
Tavi 26, 1111; Tavi 54, 1134).
SeniSvna: tipikonis sataZro dResaswaulTa nawilSi ar aris
ganxiluli SemTxveva, roca taZris dResaswauli em-
Txveva dimitris SabaTs. tipikonis Tanaxmad romel
weliwadsac wminda didmowame dimitri Tesalonike-
lis xsenebis (26.10) wina SabaTi daemTxveva 22.10 yaza-
nis yovladwminda RvTismSoblis xatis xsenebas, maSin
micvalebulTa msaxureba anu dimitris SabaTi gada-
dis wina SabaTs. igive ganmeordeba sataZro dResas-
waulis SemTxvevaSic.
73
e.i. wminda dimitri Tesalonikelis xsenebis wina
SabaTs aResruleba taZris dResaswauli, xolo dimi-
tris SabaTis micvalebulTa msaxureba gadava taZris
dResaswaulis wina SabaTs.
tipikonuri Taviseburebebis mimoxilvis Semdeg ganvixiloT taZ-
ris dResaswaulis msaxureba. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT taZris dRe-
saswauli aResruleba „RamisTevis“ msaxurebiT. taZris dResaswaulis
„RamisTevis“ msaxureba, kviris garda, nebismier sadag dResa da Sa-
baTsac aResruleba ise, rogorc imave dRes nebismieri wmindanis V
rangis „RamisTevis“ msaxureba, xolo kvira dRes wmindis V rangisa da
taZris dResaswaulis „RamisTevis“ msaxurebebi erTmaneTisagan gansx-
vavebulia.
amitom ganvixiloT paraklitonis periodSi taZris dResaswaulis
msaxurebis tipikoni kvira dRes, wmindis saxelobis taZarSi (Kawkin
A.S. 2012, 586-589).
saRamos msaxureba: IX Jamni, mcire mwuxri.

RamisTevis msaxureba: didi mwuxri, didi ciskari, I Jamni.
dRis msaxureba: III Jamni, VI Jamni, wminda ioane oqropiris wirva.
mcire mwuxri
1. „ufalo RaRad - vhyavsa“ - zeda:

4 dasdebeli aRdgomisa, xmisa+“dideba“ - taZrisa +
„awda“ - „mcire dogmatikoni“, xmisa, paraklitonidan.
2. „stiqaronsa“ - zeda:
1 - dasdebeli aRdgomisa, xmisa+3 -taZris, didi mwuxri-
dan Tavisi CasarTavebiT (radgan 3-is nacvlad 2 Casar-
Tavia, amitom I CasarTavs monacvleobiT CavurTavT
2-jer) + „dideba“ - taZrisa + „awda“ - RvTismSoblisa
74
„didebis“ xmis mixedviT:
-Tu taZris wmindans aqvs RvTismSoblisa, SevasrulebT
mas
-Tu taZris wmindans miTiTebuli aqvs mxolod dasawy
isi, movZebniT mas „rvaxmaTa“ jgufSi;
-Tu taZris wmindans saerTod ar aqvs „awda“ - RvTismSob-
lisa SevasrulebT mas „didebis“ xmis mixedviT" para-
klitonSi aRdgomis mcire mwuxridan.
3. „aw ganuteves“ Semdeg:
aRdgomis tropari, xmisa + „dideba“ - taZrisa + „awda“
- RvTismSoblis aRdgomis gansatevebeli, taZris tro-
pris xmis mixedviT.
didi mwuxri
1. „netar - ars kaci...“ - igalobeba I kanoni srulad, sam „didebad“.

2. „ufalo RaRad - vhyavsa“ - zeda 10 dasdebeli:
4 - xmisa paraklitonidan (3 - aRdgomisa + 1 - aRmosav-
luri) + 6 - taZrisa + „dideba“ - taZrisa + „awda“ -
dogmatikoni mimdinare xmisa.
3. sawinaswarmetyvelo: 3 - taZrisa.
4. „litiasa“ - zeda dasdeblebi:
- taZrisa + „dideba“ - taZrisa + „awda“ - RvTismSoblisa
aRdgomisa, „didebis“ xmis mixedviT.
5. „stiqaronsa“ - zeda dasdeblebi:
4 - aRdgomisa, xmisa, paraklitonidan, kviris Casar-
TavebiT (Jamnidan) + „dideba“ - taZrisa + „awda“ -
RvTismSoblisa aRdgomisa, „didebis“ xmis mixedviT.
6. puris krTxevaze:
„RvTismSobelo qalwulo...“ 2 - jer + tropari taZrisa
75
didi ciskari
1. „RmerTi ufalsa“ - zeda:

tropari aRdgomisa - 2-jer + „dideba“ - tropari taZ-
risa + „awda“ - RvTismSoblis aRdgomis gansatevebeli
taZris tropris xmis mixedviT.
2. stiqologiaTa wardgomebi: - aRdgomisa, paraklitonidan.
I stiqologiis Semdeg „dideba, awdaze“ ikiTxeba „aR-
dgomis gansatevebeli,“ RvTismSoblisa mimdinare xmaSi.
SeniSvna: Tu taZris tropris xma emTxveva kviris mim-
dinare xmas, maSin mimdinare xmaSi RvTismSob-
lis aRdgomis gansatevebeli tropari ukve
Sesrulebuli iqneba „RmerTi ufalis“ Sem-
deg.
aseT SemTxvevaSi I stiqologiis Sedeg „di-
deba, awda“ - ze, tipikonis 52-e Tavis Tanax-
mad, Sesruldeba paraklitonSi mimdinare
xmaSi mocemuli rigiTi tropari RvTismSob-
lisa.
3. „gadidebTsa“ da gamokrebili fsalmuni - taZrisa.
4. „sadideblis“ Semdgomi wardgoma:
ipako xmisa, paraklitonidan + I stiqologiis Semdgomi
wardgoma, taZrisa + II stiqologiis Semdgomi wardgo-
ma, taZrisa + „dideba“ - „sadideblis“ Semdgomi ward-
goma, taZrisa + „awda“ - taZris „sadideblis“ Semdgomi
wardgomis RvTismSoblisa.
5. wardgoma, saxareba da 50-e fsalmunis Semdgomi wardgoma - taZrisa.
6. saciskro kanoni 14 muxlad, aqedan:
4 - aRdgomisa, xmisa, paraklitonidan.
2 - RvTismSoblisa, xmisa, paraklitonidan.
8 - taZrisa, sadResaswaulodan.
76
himnebi: „ugalobdiT ufalsa“
katavasia rigiTi, yvela galobaze.
a) me-3 galobis Semdeg: kondaki da ikosi, aRdgomisa,
xmisa, paraklitonidan + wardgoma taZrisa - 2-jer +
„dideba, awda“ - RvTismSoblisa taZrisa.
b) me-6 galobis Semdeg: kondaki da ikosi taZrisa, svi-
naqsari taZrisa.
g) me-8 galobis Semdeg: „upatiosnessa“ igalobeba.
7. „wminda - ars ufali...“ Tavis muxlebiT.
8. ganmanaTlebeli:
- aTerTmetTagani, aRdgomisa, paraklitoni-
dan + „dideba“ - ganmanaTlebeli taZrisa + „awda“ -
RvTismSoblisa, aRdgomis aTerTmetTagani, parakli-
tonidan.
9. „aqebdiTsa“ - zeda dasdeblebi:
4 - xmisa, aRdgomisa, paraklitonidan + 4 taZrisa,
bolo 2 CasarTavi - taZris didi mwuxris „stiqaroni-
sa“ sadResaswaulodan + „dideba“ - taZrisa + „awda“ -
„umetesad kurTxeul xar Sen...“ Jamnidan.
10. „didi didebamaRaliani“,
„wmindao RmerToze“ - aRdgomis tropari, kenti an
luwi xmisa, Jamnidan.
11. Camolocva:
mokle, saRdesaswaulo - „mkvdreTiT aRdgomilman...“
da mxolod taZris wmindanis moxseniebiT.
12. Camolocvis Semdeg:
„dideba, awda“ + aTerTmetTagani geri saxarebisa, xmisa,
paraklitonidan.
77
Jamnebze
1. troprebi:
aRdgomisa + „dideba“ - taZrisa +
„awda“ - RvTismSoblis locva Jamnisa.
2. kondakebi monacvleobiT:
I da IV Jamnze: aRdgomisa
III da IX Jamnze: taZrisa
wirva
1. „momixseneni“ - 10 muxlad:
6 - xmisa, paraklitonidan + 4 taZris me-3 galobisa sa
dResaswaulodan.
2. „Sesvlad“:
troprebi: aRdgomisa
taZrisa
kondakebi: aRdgomisa
„dideba“ - taZrisa
„awda“ - „sasoo da Sesavedrebelo...“
3. wardgoma, aliluia da „ganicade“
xmisa, aRdgomisa da taZrisa.
4. samociqulo da saxareba
- rigiTi (dRisa) da taZrisa
5. Camolocva: mokle, sadResaswaulo - „mkvdreTiT aRdgomilman...“
da mxolod taZris wmindanis moxsenebiT.
amrigad, dasrulda kvira dRes taZris dResaswaulis msaxurebis

tipikonis ganxilva romelime wmindanis saxelobis taZarSi.
SabaT dRes da nebismier sadag dRes taZris dResaswaulis msax-
ureba, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, Sesruldeba zustad ise, rogorc
Cveulebriv wmindis V rangis „RamisTevis“ msaxureba SabaTsa Tu sadag
78
dRes. amitom amjerad maT ar ganvixilavT.
bolos, sinanuliT aRvniSnavT, rom argumentebi umetesad movita-
neT sabawminduri lavris Zveli slavuri tipikonidan.
saqarTvelos xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi daculia anCisxatis
dekanozis aleqsi mesxiSvilis mier 1756 wels gadawerili sabawmin-
duri tipikonis sruli Zveli qarTuli xelnaweri A-399. arsebobs
misi eleqtronuli versiac, romelic, samwuxarod, gelaTis sasuli-
ero akademiisaTvis, mokrZalebuli Txovnis miuxedavad, miuwvdomeli
aRmoCnda.
1. diakoni miqael kvantaliani - „uflis kvarTisa da sveticxovlis
dResaswaulis tipikonuri mimoxilva“, gelaTis sasuliero aka-
demiisa da seminariis Sromebi, I, quTaisi, 2015
2. sadResaswaulo, moskovi, 1865
3. triodion - zatiki, Tbilisi, 1868
4. triodion - marxvani, Tbilisi, 1901
5. Kawkin A.S. - Ustav pravoslavnogo Bogoslujeni\, Saratov, 2012
6. Тmпjконъ sest^ oustavú, t. II, S-Peterburg, 1997
79
Typikon Characteristics of the Patronal Feast Days of a Church
Diacon Miqael Kvantaliani
On the patronal feast day of a church a vigil is served. In the typikon of the
Georgian Orthodox Church at Great Feasts and Vigil Feasts instructions are
given for the vigil service. Interestingly, according to the typikon characteris-
tics the patronal feast is among the Great Feasts i.e. it is higher than other
Vigil Feasts but is lower than Great Feasts.
As a rule, the service for the patronal feast is not celebrated on the first
and last (Passion/Holy Week) weeks of the Great Lent as well as on Easter
Sunday (The Holy Pascha). In this case it moves to another day.
The patronal feast day of a church can usually be celebrated together with
the three moveable Great Feasts _ Palm Sunday, the Ascension of Christ and
the Pentecost as well as with the Leavetakings (Apodosis) of feasts though
as a rule they are not combined with other services.
The patronal feast day can also be celebrated together with the Forefeasts
and Aftersfeasts and , of course, a vigil is performed. It is only the patronal
feast day that can be celebrated together with the Forefeasts and Afters-
feasts.
The patronal feast day service can be combined with the service of the 5th
Saturday of the Great Lent, when the Akathistos Hymn to the Mother of God
is sung, and that of Lazarus Saturday, the 6th Saturday of the Great Lent.
The vigil service of the patronal feast day is performed in the same way
as the services of other Vigil Feasts on any Ordinary Day including Saturday
except Sunday.
The patronal feast day service has its typikon characteristics only at the
churches dedicated to a saint, but at the churches that are dedicated to the
Savior or the Theotokos, the service has no peculiarities as the feasts of
Christ and those of the Theotokos are celebrated the same way both at the
churches dedicated to a saint and the churches dedicated to them.
80
qarTuli himnografia da wminda daviT aRmaSeneblis
„galobani sinanulisani“ - ti pikonuri mimoxilva
1. sxvadasxva savaneSi qarTvelTa moRvaweobis mimoxilva
saqarTvelos eklesias umdidresi istoria aqvs. oriaTaswlovani

qristianobis manZilze saqarTvelos RmerTi yovelTvis mouvlenda
iseT Rirseul mamebs, romelTac msoflio marTlmadidebel eklesias
waruSleli kvali daaCines. am mamebis moRvaweobis areali scilde-
boda saqarTvelos sazRvrebs da Savi da xmelTaSua zRvebis auzze
vrceldeboda. qarTvelebi moRvaweobdnen marTlmadideblobis iseT
cnobil samonastro centrebSi, rogorebic iyo sabawmindis lavra,
Savi mTa, sinas mTa da aTonis mTa. qarTvelebis momravlebis Sem-
TxvevaSi isini am adgilebSi Tavad qmnidnen qarTul kerebs, iseTebs
rogorebicaa ierusalimis jvris monasteri, petriwonis monasteri,
aTonis iverTa monasteri, svimeon sakvirvelmoqmedis savane Sav mTaze,
antioqiis maxloblad da a.S.
am savaneebSi moRvawe msoflio marTlmadidebeli eklesiis didi
mamebis Semoqmedebas qarTveli swavluli mamebi Tanadroulad Targm-
nidnen da Tavadac qmnidnen aranakleb mniSvnelovan originalur
nawarmoebebs. es yvelaferi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel mosaxleo-
bas saSualebas aZlevda dros ar CamorCenoda da RvTismetyvelebisa
da RvTismsaxurebis siaxleebs droulad gascnoboda.
2. tipikonuri samonastro centrebi.

erTiani tipikonis Camoyalibeba
msoflios marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi RvTismsaxurebas tipikoni

awesrigebs. tipikoni berZnuli sityvaa da savaldebulo wess, kanons
niSnavs. qristianobis pirvel saukuneebSi erTiani tipikoni jer kidev
ar arsebobda. rogorc k. kekeliZe aRniSnavs, Tavdapirvelad cal-
81
calke Camoyalibda samrevlo da samonastro tipikonebi. samrevlo
tipikoni ornairi iyo:
1. ierusalimis, anu qristes saflavis da 2. konstantinepolis, aia
sofiisa anu didi eklesiisa. samonastro tipikoni ki sami saxis iyo:
1. palestinaSi sabawmindisa, 2. konstantinepolSi, studiis monas-
trisa da 3. aTonze mTawmindisa (k.kekeliZe, 1980,574).
tipikonis Camoyalibebis TvalsazrisiT aRniSnuli samonastro
centrebidan upirvelesi mniSvneloba sabawmindis lavras eniWeboda.
es lavra V saukunis 70-ian wlebSi daaarsa wminda saba ganwmendilma;
man safuZvlad aiRo Tavisi moZRvrebisa da maswavleblebis - wminda
eqvTime didisa da wminda Teoqtistes tipikonebi, romlebic Tavis
mxriv IV saukunis cnobili moRvawe mamis, wminda xaritonis tipikons
emyareboda. wminda saba ganwmendilma faqtobrivad am sami tipikonis
bazaze Seqmna axali tipikoni, romelic male palestinis yvela monas-
terma gamoiyena.
SemdgomSi sabawmindis lavris gaZlierebam ganapiroba misi tipiko-
nis ganviTareba da srulyofa. am TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovani iyo
VII-VIII saukuneebi, rodesac sabawmindis lavraSi moRvaweobdnen gamor-
Ceuli wmindanebi: andria kreteli, ioane damaskeli, kozma maiumeli
da sxvebi.
wminda andria kretelma da wminda ioane damaskelma safuZveli
Cauyares ciskris centraluri nawilis-saciskro kanonis-9 galobis
daarsebas. wminda ioane damaskelis udidesi damsaxurebaa is, rom
RvTismsaxurebaSi arsebul 4 xmas man kidev daumata 4 gverdiTi xma
da RvTismsaxurebaSi daamkvidra 8-xmiani galobis sistema.
jvarosnuli moZraobis Semdeg, rodesac palestinaSi Sevidnen jva-
rosnebi da iq samonastro moRvaweobisaTvis gausaZlisi pirobebi
Seiqmna (XI s-is bolo XII s-is dasawyisi), saba ganwmendilis lavris
mamebi daiZrnen CrdiloeTisken da ZiriTadad damkvidrdnen cnobil
samonastro kerebSi-konstantinepolis studiis lavrasa da aTonis
82
mTaze. ra Tqma unda, am centrebSi maT TavianTi tipikoni miitanes,
ramac ganapiroba tipikonebis gaerTianeba. gaerTianda iqauri, ad-
gilobrivi da sabawminduri tipikonebi. cxadia, dominanti gaxda sa-
bawminduri tipikoni, romelic ufro Zlieri da srlyofili iyo. ase
Camoyalibda marTlmadidebeli eklesiis erTiani, Serwymuli-sabaw-
minduri tipikoni.
aRsaniSnavia, rom jvarosnul moZraobamde gacilebiT adre (IX sau-
kunis I naxevarSi) Cvenma didma mamam, wminda grigol xanZTelma, piradi
iniciativiT Tavis did lavraSi erTmaneTs daukavSira ierusalimis
sabawmindisa da konstantinepopolis tipikonebi. man es tipikonebi
Seajera, kidev ufro gaamkacra da Tavis monastrebs dauwesa. aqedan
naTlad Cans, rom usazRvro niWiTa da RvTiuri sibrZniT madlmosil-
ma grigol xanZTelma dros gauswro. man TiTqmis sami saukuniT adre
gadawyvita ierusalimisa da konstantinopolis tipikonebis Sejereba.
wminda mamam winaswar ganWvrita tipikonebis Serwymis aucilebloba,
rac msoflio marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi, RvTis gangebiT, mxolod
jvarosnuli moZraobis Semdeg ganxorcielda.
raoden samwuxaroa, rom aseTi gamorCeuli mama da misi Rvawli
Cvens eklesiaSi saTanadod ar aris dafasebuli. dRevandel RvTismsax-
urebaSi wminda grigol xanZTels ara aqvs personaluri akoloTia-
mwuxrisa da ciskris sakiTxavebi. mas aqvs mxolod mcire wmindis
(I rangi) msaxureba. vfiqrobT, wminda grigol xanZTeli „RamisTevis“
msaxurebas (V rangi) imsaxurebda.
3. saqarTvelos eklesiaSi tipikonis ganviTarebis mimoxilva
saqarTvelos eklesia X saukunemde RvTismsaxurebaSi palestinis-

qristes saflavis-tipikons iyenebda. aTonis mTaze qarTvelTa ga-
Zlierebis Semdeg maT Targmnes konstantinepolis-aia sofiis-didi
eklesiis tipikoni, romelmac TandaTan gandevna ierusalimis kanoni.
aia sofiis tipikons qarTvelebma svinaqsari uwodes. pirvelad wminda
83
eqvTime mTawmindelma Targmna misi Semoklebuli varianti-mcire svi-
naqsari. SemdgomSi ukve wminda giorgi mTawmindelma Targmna didi
svinaqsari. qarTul RvTismsaxurebaSi XII saukunemde es tipikoni
erTaderTi iyo, Tumca sabolood mainc gaidevna msaxurebidan XIV-
XV saukuneebSi.
XII saukunis I naxevarSi, wminda daviT aRmaSeneblis dros, saqarT-
velos eklesiaSi ukve damkvidrda palestinis sabawminduri tipiko-
ni, romelic pirvelad SemouRiaT SiomRvimis lavraSi svimeon sak-
virvelmoqmedis monastridan (antioqiis maxloblad), wminda daviT
aRmaSeneblis Tanamedrove da daaxloebul berebs, arsenisa da ioanes
(k.kekeliZe, 1980,574-576). wminda daviT aRmaSeneblis anderZidan cno-
bilia misi gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba SiomRvimis monastris
mimarT. anderZidan vgebulobT, rom arseni bersa da ioane moZRvars
wminda daviT aRmaSeneblisaTvis warudgeniaT TavianTi naTargmni sa-
bawminduri tipikonis svimeonwminduri varianti.
wminda mefes Zalian mowonebia es tipikoni da samoRvaweod daumt-
kicebia igi SiomRvimis monastrisTvis, rasac adasturebs misive an-
derZi am monastrisadmi (tipikoni SiomRvimis monastrisa, 2005, 8-9).
Cveni eklesia RvTismsaxurebas dResac sabawminduri tipikoniT
aRasrulebs.
4. qarTvel himnografTa Semoqmedebis tipikonuri analizi
himnografiuli Semoqmedebis umZlavres kerad ierusalimis wminda

saba gamwmendilis lavra aris miCneuli. kanoni, rogorc sagalob-
lis axali Janri, swored am lavraSi VII-VIII saukuneebSi daamkvidres
wminda andria kretelma, wminda ioane damaskelma da wminda kozma
ierusalimelma. wminda ioane damaskelma Camoayaliba kanonis struq-
tura, romelSic zustad unda yofiliyo daculi Zlispir dasdeblis
Sefardeba rogorc ritmuli, ise melodiuri TvalsazrisiT. wminda
ioane damaskelma da wminda kozma ierusalimelma bizantiuri himno-
84
grafiisa da musikis istoriaSi gadaSales axali furceli, romelic
cnobilia berZnuli himnografiis „sabawminduri periodis“ saxeliT.
VIII-X saukuneebSi palestinaSi wminda saba ganwmendilis lavraSi
moRvaweobdnen didi qarTveli mamebi. berZnuli Zlispirebi qarTu-
lad pirvelad swored sabawmindis qarTvel moRvaweebs unda eTargm-
naT. maTi moRvaweobis produqtia sabawmindur-sinuri warmomavlobis
ZlispirTa uZvelesi redaqciis krebulebi (nevmirebuli Zlispirni,
1982,13).
V-XII saukuneebis qarTvel avtorTagan liturgikuli Tvalsaz-
risiT, kerZod, SemoqmedebaSi tipikonuri wesrigis dacviT, gamoirCe-
vian wminda grigol xanZTeli, ioane minCxi, ioane mtbevari, miqael
modrekili, ezra da sxvebi. yoveli maTgani Cvengan udavod did
yuradRebas imsaxurebs, magram amJamad maTi sruli Semoqmedebis
tipikonur analizs ver warmovadgenT; maTgan SevexebiT mxolod ram-
denime gamorCeul nawarmoebsa Tu krebuls.
ucxoeTSi arsebul qarTul kerebSi Sedgenili krebulebis garda
Cvenamde moaRwia tao-klarjeTSi, kerZod, SatberdSi Seqmnilma, Ta-
visi struqturiTa da moculobiT marTlac gansacvifrebelma kreb-
ulma „saweliwado iadgarma“, romelic Seudgenia X saukunis mweralsa
da himnografs miqael modrekils (qarTuli poezia, 1979,18).
rogorc cnobilia, giorgi merCule gvawvdis cnobas, rom jer
kidev X saukuneSi xanZTaSi daculi iyo wminda grigol xanZTelis
mier Sedgenili saweliwado iadgari. pavle ingoroyvas mosazrebiT,
wminda grigol xanZTelis saweliwado iadgari dakarguli ar aris da
Cvenamde moaRwia miqael modrekilis krebulis saxiT (p.ingoroyva,
1965, 222-223; 233). is varaudobs, rom wminda grigol xanZTels ekuT-
vnis „galobani naTelTani da habo ismaitel-yofilisa qarTvelisani“,
romelic p. ingoroyvas TxzulebaTa III tomSi swored wminda grigol
xanZTelis avtorobiT aris Setanili. es galoba tipikonuri Tvalsaz-
risiT Zalze sayuradReboa da amitom saWirod migvaCnia warmovadgi-
85
noT misi mokle analizi.
nawarmoebi warmodgenilia or nawilad: pirvel nawilad mocemulia
wminda abo Tbilelis saciskro kanoni (p.ingoroyva, 1965, 282-289),
romelSic aris sul rva galoba, maT Soris meorec (ar aris IX), Tumca
miqael modrekilTan cxrave galobaa mocemuli (miqael modrekili,
1978, 182-184), romelTagan pavle ingoroyvas meore galobis teqsti
gamoutovebia, magram galobaTa numeraciaSi mesame galobas miakuTvna
meore nomeri da, Sesabamisad, cxra galoba mogvca rva galobis saxiT.
amasTan TiToeul galobas aqvs ori kanoni: 1. naTelTani, anu naTlis-
Rebis ortropriani (Zlispiri da tropari) da 2. wminda abo Tbile-
lis samtropriani kanoni (Zlispiris gareSe). aTormet dResaswaulTa
Semdgomi periodi masSi gaTvaliswinebulia da radgan abo Tbilelis
xseneba naTlisRebis Semdgom periodSi aResruleba, amitom yvela ga-
lobaSi jer naT lisRebis kanonia, Semdeg- wminda abosi! aseve, radgan
naTlisRebis Semdgomi periodia, magram am konkretul dRes wminda
abos xseneba da dResaswauli aResruleba, amitom es kanonTa mocu-
lobaSic aisaxa - wminda abos kanoni ufro didia - 3 tropriania!
am galobaSi Zlispiris TiToeuli striqonis marcvalTa raodeno-
bas sinqronulad imeorebs rogorc naTlisRebis, aseve wminda abos
troprebic. unda iTqvas, rom es teqnikurad urTulesi sakiTxi av-
torma brwyinvaled gadaWra, rac Zalian amSvenebs am nawarmoebs. sir-
Tulis warmosaCenad sakmarisia gaviTvaliswinoT, rom galobaTa Zli-
spirebs striqonTa raodenoba da striqonebSi marcvalTa raodenobac
gansxvavebuli aqvT. amasTan striqonebSi marcvalTa gansxvavebuli
raodenoba aqvT cal-calke TiToeul Zlispirs da ZlispirebSi rig-
iT Sesabamis striqonsac, xolo am urTules Zlispirebs (striqonebis
gansxvavebuli raodenoba da striqonebSi marcvalTa gansxvavebuli
raodenoba) absoluturad zustad imeorebs am galobis yvela tropa-
ri. yovladwminda RvTismSoblis troprebi da galoba am saciskro
kanons ara aqvs.
86
meore nawilad pavle ingoroyvas dabeWdili aqvs wminda grigol
xanZTelis wminda abo Tbilelis stiqaronebi - „ufalo,RaRad-vhyav-
sa“ zeda, sami dasdebeli - 1 naTlisRebisa da 2 wminda abosi (miqa-
el modrekili, 1978, 181-182) da „aqebdiTsa-zeda“, rva dasdebeli: 3
naTlisRebisa da 5 wminda abosi (miqael modrekili, 1978, 184). sxvaTa
Soris, marcvalTa urTulesi sinqronuloba aqac isevea daculi, ro-
gorc saciskro kanonSi (p.ingoroyva, 1965, 385-387). dasdebelTa ra-
odenobrivi Tanafardobac SenarCunebulia - naTlisRebisa mcirea,
wminda abosi - meti.
aucileblad unda iTqvas, rom korneli kekeliZe Tumca aRiarebs,
rom miqael modrekilis iadgarSi aucileblad iqneba warmodgenili
wminda grigol xanZTelis nawarmoebebi, magram ar eTanxmeba p. in-
goroyvas da miiCnevs, rom, radgan miqael modrekilTan yvela nawar-
moebs ara hyavs miTiTebuli avtori, amitom Zneli dasazustebelia
am galobaTagan romelia da ramdenia wminda grigol xanZTelisa
(k.kekeliZe, 1980, 135-136). amis dasturia is, rom p. ingoroyvas III
tomSi warmodgenili wminda grigol xanZTelis naTlisRebisa da wmin-
da abo Tbilelis saciskro kanoni da „ufalo, RaRad-vyavsa“ da „aqeb-
diTsa-zeda“ dasdeblebi qarTuli poeziis I tomSic aris Setanili da
maT avtorad miCneulia miqael modrekili (qarTuli poezia, t.I,1979,
94-104). avtoris vinaobis miuxedavad, am nawarmoebTa himnografiuli
da tipikonuri maxasiaTeblebi didebulia!
aucileblad unda aRvniSnoT, gverds ver avuvliT ioane minCxis
gansakuTrebul Rvawls. ioane minCxi iyo X saukunis didi himno-
grafi, poeti da mTargmneli. misi himnebis umravlesoba sinis mTis
xelnawerebma Semoinaxes, ris safuZvelzec varaudoben, rom is si-
nis mTaze moRvaweobda, mis saxels ukavSirdeba axali saleqso for-
mis-„minCxuris“-SemoReba. ioane minCxis oTxi sagalobeli Setanilia
miqael modrekilis himnebSi, umetesi nawili ki daculia sinis mTis
qarTul xelnawerebSi (saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis en-
87
ciklopediuri leqsikoni, 2007, 416).
ioane minCxs aqvs udidesi himnografiuli Semoqmedeba, romelic
ganawilebulia weliwadis sxvadasxva dResaswaulze 19 ianvridan 10
noembris CaTvliT (ioane minCxi, 1987, 301-349), Tumca mas ara aqvs
sruli saweliwado iadgari, rogoric hqondaT wminda grigol xanZ-
Telsa da miqael modrekils. ioane minCxs warmodgenili aqvs dRisa
da wmidis msaxurebebi, gansakuTrebiT srulad ki-didi marxvis pe-
riodi, ufro sworad, mas dauweria xorcielis SabaTidan lazares
SabaTamde umravlesi dReebis msaxurebebi (ioane minCxi, 1987, 149-260),
aseve bzobisa (ioane minCxi, 1987, 261-273) da aRdgomis dResaswaulTa
akoloTiebi (ioane minCxi, 1987, 285-300).
amrigad, didi qarTveli himnografebis Semoqmedebis (aq mxolod
mcire nawili warmovadgineT) SeswavliT naTeli xdeba, rom sabawmin-
dis lavraSi damkvidrebuli sagaloblebis axali forma, kanoni qarT-
velma mamebma saqarTveloSi TiTqmis maSinve gaavrceles, bevri ber-
Znulidan Targmnes da TviTonac Seqmnes originaluri sagaloblebi,
romlebsac, savaraudod, Tavis msaxurebaSi iyenebda qarTuli ekle-
sia, dRevandeli viTareba ki sxvagvaria.
rogorc cnobilia, me-18 saukunis I naxevarSi anton kaTalikosma
Cveni eklesiis tipikoni da saRvTismsaxuro wignebi slavuris mixed-
viT Seaswora da amitom zemoaRniSnuli qarTveli himnografi mamebis
sagaloblebi Cvens saeklesio RvTismsaxurebaSi aRar gamoiyeneba.
5. wminda daviT aRmaSenebeli-eris sulierebis maSenebeli;

„galobani sinanulisani“
saqarTvelos me-11 saukunis bolosa da me-12 saukunis pirvel

meoTxedSi (1089-1125 w.w.) RmerTma mefed mouvlina wminda daviT aR-
maSenebeli. mas xalxma aRmaSenebeli uwoda ara mxolod imis gamo,
rom Cveni qveyana „nikofsiiTgan darubandamde“ da „ovseTidan araga-
wamde“ ganavrco, aramed qveynis sulieri aRmasvlisaTvisac.
88
wminda mefe uaRresad ganaTlebuli iyo. is zedmiwevniT kargad
icnobda RvTis sibrZnes, wminda werils. misi biografisgan cnobilia,
rom gamudmebuli brZolebisa Tu mogzaurobis dros wminda daviT aR-
maSenebeli Tan daatarebda wignebs da ganuwyvetliv kiTxulobda. man
kargad icoda Zveli da axali aRTqmis wignebi, saeklesio samarTali.
misi istorikosis cnobiT, is gansakuTrebiT xSirad kiTxulobda wmin-
da werils. amis dasturia is, rom man samociqulo mxolod erT weli-
wadSi 24-jer waikiTxa (qarTlis cxovreba, 1955, 349). es yvelaferi
mefes RvTiur madlsa da sibrZnes aniWebda, ramac ganapiroba misi
didi warmateba politikuri Tu sulierebis TvalsazrisiT.
wminda mefem qveynis aRmSenebloba eris sulierebis gaZlierebiT
daiwyo. amis dasturia sulierebisa da ganaTlebis umZlavresi keris-
gelaTis akademiis-daarseba, aseve ruis-urbnisis kreba, romelic man
moiwvia da am krebaze miRebuli kanonebi.
naTlad ikveTeba, rom wminda daviT aRmaSenebeli ara marto wminda
werils kiTxulobda, ecnoboda da swavlobda, aramed saRvTismsaxu-
ro wignebsac, anu sasuliero literaturasa da himnografias. cxa-
dia, yovelive amis interesi mas, cxovrebis wesidan gamomdinare,
wirva-locvaSi intesiurma monawileobam gauRviva. is yovelTvis es-
wreboda RvTismsaxurebas da imdenad Seuyvarda igi, rom Seiswavla
saRvTismsaxuro wignebi da, Sesabamisad, tipikonic. amis dasturia
wminda daviT aRmaSeneblis Txzuleba „galobani sinanulisani.“
rogori sibrZniT aris SerCeuli nawarmoebis saTauri! sinanuli
gulisxmobs, rom didi mefe sworad xedavs Tavis sulier mdgomareo-
bas, sulis unatifesi xedviT swvdeba da aRiarebs Tavis codvebs.
mefem am wrfel aRsarebas galobani rom uwoda, es cxadyofs mis
tipikonur ganaTlebas. cxadia, man kargad icis wminda andria krete-
lis „sinanulis didi kanoni“ da wminda ioane damaskelis saciskro
kanoni-9 galoba. „galobani sinanulisanis“ saTauri da struqturac
amis dasturia.
89
1. Cveulebriv, tipikonis Tanaxmad, saciskro kanons vuwodebT 9 ga-
lobas, Tumca sinamdvileSi masSi aris 8 galoba, gamotovebulia
me-2 galoba, romelic mxolod did marxvaSi, samSabaTobiT srul-
deba. wminda mefem zustad am struqturiT aago „galobani sinanu-
lisani“: sagaloblebi dayo 9 galobad da pirveli galobis Semdeg
gadavida mesameze, gamotova meore (qarTuli mwerloba. 1987, 198-
205).
2. misi yvela galoba Sedgeba 4 troprisagan, mxolod me-9 galobas
aqvs 5 tropari. tipikonurad mcire wmindis, anu I rangis msaxurebis
saciskro kanoni-9 galoba oTxtropriania, anu wmida mefem Tavis
nawarmoebs tipikonurad I rangis saxe misca!
esec misi Tavmdablobis kidev erTi magaliTia. wminda mefes xom
SeeZlo Tavisi galobebi, V rangis „RamisTevis“ tipikoniT, rva-rva
tropriT daewera.
3. sabawminduri tipikoniT yoveli galobis bolo tropari yovlad-
wminda RvTismSobels eZRvneba. wminda daviT aRmaSenebeli am ni-
uansiTac amJRavnebs tipikonis codnas da misi yoveli galoba yov-
ladwminda RvTismSoblis tropriT mTavrdeba.
4. sainteresoa, rom wminda daviT aRmaSenebelma himnografiuli
TvalsazrisiT ise warmoadgina Zlispir-troparTa striqonebisa da
striqonebSi marcvalTa gansxvavebuli raodenobis sinqronuloba,
rogorc es miRebuli iyo qarTul himnografiaSi, rac ganvixileT
wina paragrafSi. „galobani sinanulisanis“ teqsti striqonebSi
marcvalTa gansxvavebuli raodenobis sinqronulobiT mocemuli
aqvs pavle ingoroyvas (pavle ingoroyva, 1965, 62-68).
teqstobrivad TxzulebaSi wminda daviT mefe avlens wminda wer-
ilis Rrma codnas. man axal aRTqmaze naklebad ar icoda Zveli aRTq-
ma. amas adasturebs Zveli aRTqmidan moyvanili magaliTebi.
marTlmadidebluri TvalTaxedviT gansakuTrebul yuradRebas
imsaxurebs „galobani sinanulisanis“ me-8 galoba, konkretulad, misi
90
me-2 tropari:
„daRaTu esreT gavxrwnen yovelni grZnobani
da yovlad xrwnileba viqmen,
garna ara¡ve, aRvixuen me Pelni,
arca davdev sasoeba¡ Cemi
RmrTisa mimarT ucxo¡sa, arca
ucxo Tesli vyav sarwmunoeba¡
sawurTel sulisa, gareSe missa,
romel maswaves RmrTismetyvelTa SenTa“
mefe, romelic TiTqmis yvela adamianur codvas aRiarebs, sastikad

uarobs sxva sarwmunoebisa da ucxo RmerTis Tayvaniscemas. amitom
arasworia dRes gavrcelebuli azri, TiTqos wminda daviT mefe sxva
sarwmunoebaTa mimarT Semwynarebeli iyo da loculobda sinagogasa
Tu meCeTSi. is Semwynarebeli iyo imdenad, ramdenadac ar sdevnida
maT, Tavisuflad arsebobis saSualebas aZlevda, magram maTTan er-
Tad ar loculobda. es gamoricxulia TviT wminda daviT mefis ze-
moaRniSnuli sityvebidan gamomdinare. amgvari midgoma didi mefis
ciliswameba da Seuracxyofaa.
zemoT ukve aRvniSneT, rom qarTveli himnografebi-wminda grigol
xanZTeli, ioane mtbevari, ezra, ioane minCxi, miqael modrekili da
sxvebi-aseve kargad icnobdnen tipikons da saciskro kanons-9 galo-
bas, Tumca es gasakviri ar aris. isini monastrebSi moRvaweobdnen,
sasuliero pirebi iyvnen, zogi maTgani episkoposic ki iyo. amde-
nad, maT evalebodaT kidec tipikonis codna, daviT aRmaSenebeli ki
mefe iyo. is ar iyo sasuliero piri. amitom aris sakvirveli, rom man
kargad icoda tipikoni. faqtia, rom wminda mefes imdenad moswonda
RvTismsaxureba da zogadad Cveni sarwmunoeba, rom tipikoni Seiswav-
la da ara marto Seiswavla (rac TavisTavad ar aris gasakviri), ar-
amed Seiyvara is, moixibla misi wesrigiTa da harmoniiT. cxadia, amis
gareSe wminda mefes survili ar gauCndeboda, STamomavlobisaTvis
91
Tavisi sulieri gancdebi tipikonuri saxiT daetovebina.
suli maradiuli da ukvdavia, xorci-mokvdavi. suli acocxlebs
xorcs. suliereba ganapirobebs yofierebas. mefis, saxelmwifo
mmarTvelis aseTi sulierebisa da Rvawlis Sedegi iyo eklesiis ganmt-
kiceba da gabrwyineba, mTeli qarTveli xalxis marTlmadideblobiT
gaZliereba. locvam da marxvam, wirvaSi monawileobam ganapiroba saqa-
rTvelos ayvaveba da arnaxuli winsvla, mwvervalze asvla da oqros
xanis-wminda Tamar mefis epoqis momzadeba.
1. p.ingoroyva, t. III, Tbilisi, 1965
2. k.kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, t.I,Tb.1980
3. ioane minCxis poezia, Tbilisi, 1987
4. miqael modrekilis himnebi, wigni I, II, Tbilisi, 1978
5. nevmirebuli Zlispirni, Tbilisi, 1982
6. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis enciklopediuri le-
qsikoni, Tbilisi, 2007
7. tipikoni SiomRvimis monastrisa, XIII s-is xelnaweris teqsti gamo-
sacemad moamzades eqvTime koWlamazaSvilma da elguja giunaSvil-
ma. gamocema SiomRvimis monastrisa, Tbilisi, 2005
8. qarTlis cxovreba, t. I, Tbilisi, 1955
9. qarTuli mwerloba, t.II, Tbilisi, 1987
10. qarTuli poezia, t.I, Tbilisi 1979
92
Georgian Hymnography and Typiconic Review of “Hymns of
Repentance“ by the Holy King David the Builder
Deacon Miqael Kvantaliani
Historically, Georgian fathers used to do their spiritual activities in such

well-known Orthodox monastic centers as the Holy Lavra of St. Sabbas the
Sanctified, the Sumela Monastery (‘Black Mountain’), Mount Sinai and Mount
Athos.
By the end of the 11th century and in the first quarter of the 12th century
(1089-1125 years) by the will of God the holy king David the Builder became
the king of Georgia.
The holy king was highly educated. He was pretty familiar with the wisdom
of God, the Holy Scripture. As his historian reports, he read the Epistle Book
24 times a year (The Georgian Chronicles, 1955, 349).
The king began the development of the country by strengthening the na-
tion’s spirit. The proof of it is the founding of the most powerful spiritual and
educational centre - the Gelati Academy, as well as the laws made by Ruisi-
Urbnisi Council which he convened.
The king always attended the church service and loved it so much that he
studied the liturgical books and, consequently, the typicon. This is demon-
strated by his literary work ‘Hymns of Repentance’.
Obviously, he was well aware of ‘the Great Canon of Repentance’ by Saint
Andrew of Crete, and Canons by John of Damascus. This is proved by the
title and structure of his own hymns.
1. Normally, according to the typicon Matins Canon in the morning service is
also known as 9 hymns but in reality there are 8 hymns, the second one
omitted, which is chanted only on Tuesdays during the Lent. The holy king
created his ‘Hymns of Repentance’ precisely according to this structure:
93
hymns are divided into nine but after the first one there comes the third, the
second is missing.
2. Each hymn consists of 4 troparia, only in the fifth one there are five troparia.
According to the typicon the hymns of a “lesser“ saint (sometimes called a
“minor“ or “small“ saint) consist of four troparia. Hence, the king created his
work as readings of an Ordinary Day.
3. According to the St. Sabbas Typicon the last troparion of each hymn is
devoted to Virgin Mary. The same happens in king David’s work. Thus, his
knowledge of typicon is revealed by this nuance as well.
The fact is that the king was so pleased with the liturgy and our faith in
general, that he not only studied the typicon (which is no surprise), but loved
it, was fascinated by its harmony. Obviously, if not so, the king would have no
desire to leave his spiritual feelings to his descendants in this form.
94
kaTalikosad kurTxevis wesi
me-17 saukunis gelaTuri xelnaweris mixedviT
irakli lorTqifaniZe
quTaisis istoriul muzeumSi daculia me-17 saukunis xelnaweri

kondak-kurTxevani #12; qaRaldi; tyavgadakruli xis ydiT; dazianeb-
uli; dawerilia nusxuriT; saTaurebi - singuriT; gadauweria diakon-
monazon ioanes. xelnaweri muzeumSi Semosulia gelaTis monastridan
(nikolaZe 1953:65-66), savaraudod im drois, rodesac daxures monas-
teri 1923 wels.
kondak-kurTxevanSi sxva wes-gangebebTan erTad mocemulia wesi
kaTalikosad kurTxevisa, saTauriT: „kurTxeva¡ kaTalikozisa¡“ (63r-
64v)
igi Semdegi tipikonuri TaviseburebebiT xasiaTdeba: teqsti iw-
yeba SeniSvniT (Zvel qarTulad _ „Seswaveba“), rom kaTalikosad
kurTxeva unda aResrulos ara nebismier eklesiaSi, aramed kaTolike
eklesiaSi, anu sakaTalikoso taZarSi. am SeniSvnas mosdevs pirveli
locva, romelsac kiTxulobs mRvdelTmoZRuari (anu mRvdelTmTa-
vari). pirveli locvis Semdeg mocemulia wardgoma (samociqulos win
saTqmeli fsalmuni da misi dasdebeli, dasawyisi sityvebiT), samoci-
qulo (ebr. IV,14 - V,.6) da Sedgenili saxareba (maTe XVI.13-19; XIX.27-
30), „aliluias“ muxli (naxevari), dasdeblis gareSe.. amas mosdevs
meore samRvdelTmTavro locva: „sxva locva kaTolikozisa“, riTac
mTavrdeba kurTxevis gangeba.
rac Seexeba teqnikur mxareebs. teqstSi Cven mier gaxsnili qarag-
mebi movaTavseT oTxkuTxed [ ], frCxilebSi.
kaTalikosad kurTxevis Semcveli gelaTuri xelnaweri uaRresad
saintereso liturgikuli krebulia. misgan amjerad kaTalikosad
kurTxevis gangebas vTavazobT mkiTxvels. momavalSi ki vfiqrobT, Se-
viswavloT xelnawerSi mocemuli episkoposad kurTxevis gangebac.
95
gelaTur xelnawerSi mocemuli kaTalikosad kurTxevis gangeba-
Si ar aris mocemuli ceremoniuli nawili anu, „saydrad aRyvaneba
kaTalikozisa“, romelic kaTalikos anton I-is droidan damkvidrda
CvenSi.
1917 wels, dekanoz korneli kekeliZis mier mxedrulad dabeWdil
40 gverdian broSuraSi, gv. 29-40-ze mocemulia „kurTxeva��
¡��
da say-
drad aRvaneba¡ kaTolikozisa¡“. rogorc gamomcemeli aRniSnavs,
Tavisi publikaciisTvis mas ori xelnaweriT usargeblia: me-10 sau-
kunis evqologioniT da me-17 saukunis gelaTuri xelnaweriT. te-
qstebis SedarebiT irkveva, rom k. kekeliZes sxva teqstebTan erTad,
namdvilad gamouyenebia gelaTur xelnawerSi mocemuli teqstebic
(kaTalikosad kurTxevis wesidan), Tumca ara sityvasityviT: gelaTur
kondak-kurTxevanSi mocemuli pirveli samRvdelmTavro locva, “Sen,
ufalo, inebe ese da Rirs yav aw mTavrad erisa Senisa..“ kekeliZiseul
variantSi sxva locvis teqstTanaa Serwymuli: „RmerTo romelman
yovelive Sehqmen ZaliTa da daamyare sofeli zraxviTa..“ (kekeliZe,
1917:33-34).
Cven mier gamoyenebul xelnawersa da kekeliZis mier dabeWdil bro-
SuraSi samociqulosa da saxarebis muxlebis gansxvavebuli raodeno-
baa mocemuli. gelaTurSi: ebr. IV,14 - V,.6; maTe XVI.13-19; XIX.27-30;
saxarebebi gayofilia, gamokveTilia dasawyisebi; xolo dekanoz ko-
rneli kekeliZis mier Sedgenil gangebaSi mocemulia: ebr. IV, 14-V,10;
saxarebebi Serwmuladaa warmodgenili maTe: XVI, 13-19, X, 37-42, XIX,
29-30;
k. kekeliZis publikaciaSi, kaTalikosis kurTxevis wesTan erTad
mocemulia episkoposad gamorCevisa da kurTxevis wesebic.
momavalSi, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, Cven vgegmavT kaTalikosad
kurTxevis wesis yvela arsebuli qarTuli variantis SedarebiT Ses-
wavlas, amjerad Cveni mizani iyo gelaTur xelnawerSi arsebuli kaTa-
likosad kurTxevis wesis gamoqveyneba, mcire redaqtirebiT.
96
kurTxeva kaTalikozisa esreT jer ars, .
Seswaveba saxmar ars, viTarmed, Sekrben kaTolike eklesiasa mit-
ropolit-efiskoposni da warikiTxon locva ese mRdelTmoZRuarTa:
“Sen, ufalo, inebe ese da Rirs yav aw mTavrad erisa Senisa. ganan-
aTle ese da moec mTavrobisa mis Senisa saRmrTo¡sa gulisPmis-yofa¡
da madli, romeli moec sayuarelsa Zesa Sensa, iesu qristesa: moec,
ufalo, sim��
P��
ne da siorZile, Zali da zraxva��
¡,��
sulisa erToba��
¡��
yove-
live yofa moxedviTa SeniTa. moec sulisagan Senisa wmidisa, romeli-
igi mianiWe wmidaTa SenTa mociqulTa SeuginebelTa da wmidaTa SenTa
eklesiaTa da yovelsa adgilsa siwmidisa Senisasa. moec, ufalo, mo-
nasa amas Sensa, ra[¡]Ta iyos saTno Senda. madidebelad da maqebelad
dauklebelad galobiTa da locviTa TxovaTa zraxvaTa mS[¢]dobiT da
cxorebasa WeSmaritebisasa mecnierad siwrfoebiTa gulT mecniero
mamao, monasa amas Sensa zeda, romeli gamoarCie kaTolikosad, ra[¡]
Ta mwysides samwysosa Sensa wmidasa. dauklebelad msaxurebad dRe da
Rame ganmacxovelebelad Rirs yav ese, ufalo, Sewirvad Sesawiravsa
wmidasa Sensa eklesiasa krZalulad yovliTa moSiSebiTa, ra[¡]Ta suli
Pelmwifebisa aqundes. momadle ganPsna krulebisa, viTarca mi[h]madle
wmidaTa mociqulTa, saTnoTa SenTa. ganamtkice ese mS[��
¢��
]dobiTa, si-
yuaruliTa, swavlulebiTa siyuaruliTa mecnierebisa¡Ta. srulebisa
sim��
P��
niTa mlocvelad erisa, ra[��
¡��
]Ta mouwodes umecarTa, ra[��
¡��
]Ta Ses-
wirvides Senda galobasa da locvasa sadidebelad sunad sunnelad
mier Zisa Senisa, romlisa mier dideba¡ Suenis da Zliereba¡ uwinares
saukuneTa aw da naTesaviTi naTesavadmde ukuniTi ukunisamde. amin.
wardgoma. fsalmuni:
“acxovne, ufalo, eri Seni da akurTxe samk¢drebeli Seni“, (fs. 27,9)
dasdebeli
- („Sendami, ufalo, Pma vyo; RmerTo Cemo, nu dasdumnebi Cemgan“,)
(fs. 27,1)
97
ebraelTa mimarT
Zmano, mivis Cuen mRdelTmoZRuari didi, romelman ganvlna cani
iesu Ze RmrTisa¡. SevikrZaloT aRsareba¡ igi misa marTl, rameTu ara
eseviTari mivis Cuen mRdelTmoZRuari, romelimca ver SemZlebel
iyo Sewyalebad uZlurebaTa CuenTa, gamocdili yovliTave msgavse-
biTa, T¢nier codvisa. mouPdeT ukue gancxadebulad saydarTa maT
madlisaTa, ra[��
¡��
]Ta moviRoT wyaloba��
¡��
da vpooT madli Jamsa Sewyn-
arebisasa; rameTu yoveli mRdelTmTavari, kacTagan moyvanebuli,
kacTaT[��
¢��
]s dasdgis igi RmrTisa mimarT, ra��
¡��
Ta Seswirvides Sesawi-
ravsa da msxuerplsa codvaTaT¢s SendobiT da sworad wyalobad
SemZlebel ars umecarTa maT da SecTomilTa, vina[��
¡��
]Tgan masca ze-
da-ac uZlureba¡, amisT¢s Tana-ac viTarca erisaT¢s, egreca Tavisa
T¢sisaT¢s, Sewirvad msxuerpli codvaTaT¢s. da aravin TaviT T¢siT
moiRis pativi, aramed romeli wodebul arn RmrTisa mier, viTarca-
igi ahron. egreca qriste ara TaviT T��
¢��
siT idida yofad igi mRdel-
TmoZRurad, aramed romeli-igi etyoda mas: Ze Cemi xari Sen da me
dRes miSobie Sen. viTarca igi sxuasaca adgilsa ity¢s: Sen xar mRdel
ukunisamde wessa mas zeda melqisedekissa. (ebraelTa - IV. 14 - V.6 )
aliluia - Sen Tana ars mTavroba¡ (dResa Zlierebisa Senisasa)...
(fs. 109,3)
saxareba maTesi:
mas Jamsa Sina movida iesu adgilTa maT kesaria filipesTa, hkiTx-
vida mowafeTa T¢sTa da hrqua: ra¡ Tqvian CemT¢s kacTa, Zisa kacisa
yofad? xolo maT hrques: romelTame ioane naTlismcemeli, romelT-
ame ilia da sxuaTa ieremia, gina erTi winaswarmety[¢]lTagani. xolo
man hrqua maT: Tquen vin ggonie me yofad? miugo s��
¢��
mon-petre da hr-
qua mas: Sen xar qriste, Ze RmrTisa cxovelisa. miugo iesu da hrqua
mas: netar xar Sen, s¢mon, bar-iona, rameTu ara PorcTa da sisxlTa
gamogicxades Sen, aramed mamaman Cemman zecaTaman da me gety¢, rameTu
Sen xar klde, da amas kldesa zeda aRvaSeno eklesia¡ Cemi da bWeni
98
jojoxeTisani ver ereoden mas. da migcne Sen kliteni sasufevelisa
caTasani da romeli Sehkra queyanasa zeda, krul iyos igi caTa Sina,
da romeli ganhPsnaT queyanasa zeda, Psnil iyos igi caTa Sina. (maTe
- XVI. 13-19)
saxareba maTesi:
Tqua ufalman: romelsa uyuardes mama anu deda ufro¡s Cemsa, igi
ara ars Cemda Rirs; da romelsa uyuardes ZH anu asuli ufro¡s
Cemsa, igi ara ars Cemda Rirs. romelman ara aRiRos juari T¢si da
Semomidges me, igi ara ars Cemda Rirs. maSin miugo petre da hrqua
mas: aha esera Cuen yoveli dauteveT da SegidegiT Sen ra¡-me iyos
Cuenda? xolo iesu hrqua mas: amin gety¢ Sen, rameTu Tquen yovelni,
romelni SemomidegiT me mermesa mas Suebasa, raJams dajdes Ze ka-
cisa saydarTa didebisa T��
¢��
sisaTa, dasxdeT Tquenca aTormetTa sayd-
arTa gansjad aTormetTa tomTa israelisaTa da romelman dauteos
saxli gina Zmani anu dani, anu mama, anu deda, anu coli, anu Svili,
anu agaraki saxelisa Cemisa¢s, as wilad miiRos da cxoreba¡ saukuno¡
daimk¢dros, xolo mravalni iyvnen pirvelni ukana da ukanani wina.
(maTe - XIX. 27-30)
mRvdelTmoZRuarman locva:
RmerTo, did xar da saukune da arara¡ ars dafaruli Sengan,
romelman Sehqmnen yovelive sity¢Ta brZanebisa Senisa¡Ta; romelman
hyav umetes Txovisa cnoba��
¡��
da gulis��
P��
misyofa��
¡��
, romelman daamtki-
cen eklesiani patiosniTa sisxliTa mxolodSobilisa Zisa Senisa¡Ta
da gamoaCinen mas Sina moZRuarni, romelTa mier ganefina yovelTa
kideTa cisaTa mecniereba[¡] WeSmaritebisa Senisa[¡], romeli Tavadman
mxolod Sobilman Zeman Senman mohmadla naTesavsa kacTasa, romel-
man TiToeulad naTesavad-naTesavadisa kacTasa naSobni gamoirCien
rCeulni Senni; Sen Tavadman RmerTman, awca moxeden da gamoirCie
gamorCeviTa sulisa wmidisa��
¡��
Ta, ra��
¡��
Ta iyos ese srul mRdel WeSmari-
tisa magis mwyemsisa, romelman dadvis suli T¢si cxovarTa T¢sTaT¢s;
99
daamtkice ese suliTa magiT mxolodSobilisa Zisa Senisa��
¡��
Ta msaxure-
basa amas wmidaTasa, ra��
¡��
Ta mwysides samwysosa Sensa marTliTa sarwmu-
noebiTa, da warumarTe sityuaTa SenisaTa WeSmaritebisaTa da moec
amas sityua��
¡��
aRebasa pirisa amissa, ra��
¡��
Ta iyos ganmanaTlebel msxdoma-
reTa bnelisaTa, maswavlel ugunurTa, da moZRuar CC¢lTa; SeWure da
STaacu amas Zali zegardamo, ra¡Ta odes dasdvas Peli sneulTa zeda,
iqmnebodis niSebi da saswaulebi ersa Sensa Soris, ra¡Ta daamtkicos
yovelive, ra¡Ta ese sarwmunoebiTa gamoarCie Senisa magis simdidrisa
da mwysad erisa Senisa Cuenisa mis glaxakebisagan nebiTa SeniTa, ra¡Ta
dges winaSe sakurTxevelsa Sensa wmidasa da saSinelsa dResa mas ga-
mocxadebisa Senisasa da moelodes mosagebelsa sarwmunod SromaTa
Tana SeniTa magiT kacTmoyuarebiTa, mowyalebiTa da SewynarebiTa mx-
olodSobilisa Zisa Senisa��
¡��
Ta, mis Tana Senda dideba��
¡��
suliT wmidi-
TurT awda maradis da ukuniTi ukunisamde. amin.
sxva kurTxeva kaTalikosisa
romelman mRdelTmoZRurebisa niWi mohmadle israelsa
P��
orcielebri msaxurebisa��
¡��
da sulieri mRdeloba��
¡��
Cuen ganmiwese, is-
mine Cueni, ufalo, da daadgine mona¡ Seni (saxeli) mwyemsTa mwyemsad
da sarwmunod da moRuawed eklesiaTa SenTa Semokrebad ucxoTa
da ganmakrZalebelad wmidaTa SenTa, ra¡Ta miiRos madli da qeba¡
da aRaorZinos eklesia¡ Seni SewevniTa sulisa Senisa wmidisa¡Ta da
wardges didebasa qristes Senisasa, romlisa Tana Senda dideba��
¡��
su-
liT wmidiTurT aw da maradis da ukuniTi-ukunisamde.
100
1. biblia, alilo Tbilisi 2015

2. dekenozi korneli kekeliZe, „kurTxevai da saydrad ayvanebai
kaTolikozisai", Tbilisi 1917
3. e. nikolaZe, quTaisis muzeumis xelnawerTa aRweriloba t.1.Tb.1953
4. me-17 saukunis gelaTuri xelnaweri, kondak-kurTxevani K-12, 63r-
64v
Ordination of a Catholicos According to the Gelati

Manuscript of the 17th Century
Irakli Lortkipanidze
In the Kutaisi Historical Museum there is kept a 17th-century manuscript of

Hieratikon -Euchologion N12: Paper; Leather-covered wooden cover; Dam-
aged; Written in Nuskhuri script; Headlines - Singuri; Rewritten by Archdea-
con John. The museum received the manuscript from the Gelati Monastery,
probably at a time when the monastery had been closed down (1923). In the
Hieratikon -Euchologion along with the other Acolouthia there is given the
Acolouthia of ‘Consecration of a Catholicos’ (63r-64v).
The Gelati manuscript containing the Acolouthia of ‘Consecration of a Ca-

tholicos’ is a highly interesting collection. This time we offer readers the Aco-
louthia of ‘Consecration of a Catholicos’ from the collection. In the future, we
are also going to study the Acolouthia of ‘Ordination of a Bishop’ given in the
manuscript.
We are also planning to compare all the existing Georgian versions of

‘Consecration of a Catholicos’. This time, our goal was to publish the Rite of
‘Consecration of a Catholicos’ given in the Gelati manuscript, slightly edited
for persons interested in liturgics and not for practical use.
101
solomon pirvelis saeklesio politika da
tyveTa syidvis akrZalva
levan tyeSelaSvili
XVIII saukunis 20-iani wlebidan imereTis samefo urTules mdgo-

mareobaSi aRmoCnda. am droisaTvis imereTis mefe ver akontrolebda
quTaisis cixes. masTan dapirispirebulni iyvnen samegrelos mTa-
vari da raWis erisTavi, romlebic osmaleTTan kavSirSi yovelnairad
mtrobdnen qveyanas. aleqsandre mefe ramdenjerme Camoagdes taxti-
dan, ramac kidev ufro daamZima qveynis mdgomareoba. am droisaTvis
dangreuli iyo quTaisis sioni (bagratis taZari), romelic 1691 wels
aafeTqes osmalebma. Sesabamisad, quTaTeli mRvdelmTavari wirvas ve-
Rar aRasrulebda sakaTedro taZarSi. osmaluri politikis Sedegad
daingra da ganadgurda arerTi eklesia-monasteri dasavleT saqarT-
velos teritoriaze, saeklesio mamulebi ki mimobneuli da datace-
buli iqna.
imdroindel mZime pilitikur situaciaze naTel warmodgenas
gviqmnis solomonis mamis aleqsandre V-is mier 1732 wels ru-
seTis imperatorisaTvis gagzavnili werili: „...wariwira... qris-
tianoba yovelsa saqarTvelosa da miveceniT ... xarksa da zversa
(gadasaxadi) agarianTasa. da viTarca sisra (isari) sastiki aR-
texil ars usjulosa lekTa mZlavreba... monasterni arian sad-
gur agarianTa da eklesiani iqmnen qvab avazakTa. gvirgvinSe-
mosilni, kaTalikozni da episkopozni arian tyueobasa Sina..."
(burjanaZe.1950:72).
aleqsandre mefe 1732 wels meored qorwindeba, igi colad ir-
Tavs imereTis uZlieresi Tavadis levan abaSiZis qaliSvils, Tam-
ars, romlisganac 1735 wels SeeZina mefes solomoni, taxtis momavali
memkvidre. solomoni dedmamiSvilebs Soris ufrosi iyo, mis ZmebTan
dakavSirebiT wyaroebi gansxvavebul cnobebs gvawvdian. mzia surgu-
laZis mixedviT, aleqsandre mefis Svilebi iyvnen: solomoni, daviTi,
102
iese, bagrat, arCil, mariam (surgulaZe. 1995:59). quTaisis muzeumSi
daculi erTi sigeli odnav gansxvavebul cnobas gvawvdis: „Zeman
Cvenma batoniSvilma solomon, narim daviT, bagrat, iesem, arCil da
giorgim, sxvaTa SvilTa“ (qim.ist.sab. #775). aq dasaxelebuli giorgi
mzia surgulaZis nusxaSi ar ixsenieba, „sxvaTa SvilTaSi“ igulisxme-
bian qaliSvilebi.
bolo variantSi gamotovebulia narin daviTi, yvela wyaros Se-
jerebis safuZvelze ki, gamodis, rom aleqsandre mefes hyolia Svidi
vaJi da daaxloebiT ori qaliSvili. dasaxelebuli Zmebidan istori-
ul wyaroebSi gvxvdeba mxolod arCili (solomon meoris mama), iese,
Cveni azriT, unda iyos ioseb kaTalikosi, romelic 1738 wels dabade-
bula, da petre, romelic mZevlad imyofeboda axalcixis faSasTan.
petre SesaZloa yofiliyo aleqsandres vaJi pirveli qorwinebidan.
narin daviTi da giorgi wyaroebSi ar ixseniebian, rac sakmaod ucn-
auria.
tyveTa syidvis akrZalva da quTaisis saeklesio kreba
solomon pirvelis erT-erT udides damsaxurebad unda CaiTvalos

mis mier dasavleT saqarTveloSi tyveTa syidvis akrZalva. osmale-
Tis imperia, ramdenime saukunis manZilze saqarTvelodan qarTveli
axalgazrdebis gahyavda, riTac nadgurdeboda qveyana. qarTveli
gogo-biWebis gayidva sxvadasxva formiT mimdinareobda. tyveTa sy-
idva saqarTveloSi TiTqmis oTxi saukunis ganmavlobaSi XVI-XIX sau-
kunis 60-70-ian wlebamde mimdinareobda ramac udidesi ziani miayena
mTlianad saqarTvelos, am saSineli codvis gamo, mravali sofeli
da dasaxlebuli punqti dacarielebula. yvelaze sastiki forma iyo
adamianis motaceba, romelic moulodnelobis efeqtze iyo damyare-
buli adamianebs motacebas ZiriTadad lekebi itacebdnen, Tumca am
mZime saqmes qarTvelebic ar eridebodnen. Tavad-aznaurTa sakmao
nawilic yofila CarTuli am umZimes codvaSi, TavianTi ymebis gayidva
103
maT materialuri Semosavlis wyarod aqcies. osmaleTis uzarmazari
imperiisaTvis adamianTa resursi mudmivad iyo saWiro, qarTveli ma-
makacebi ianiCrebad (mebrZolebad), xolo qalebi haramxanebSi mihy-
avdaT. adamianebiT ganukiTxavma vaWrobam gansakuTrebuli safrTxe
Seuqmna qveyanas.
osmalebs tyveTa syidvis bazrebi maTTvis misaReb adgilebSi,
anakliaSi, foTsa da axalcixeSi hqondaT mowyobili da Semdeg ag-
zavnidnen osmaleTSi, egviptesa Tu iranSi. qarTveli axalgazrdebis
ukontrolo gayidvam ucxoeTSi da adamianTa motacebam ukiduresad
Seamcira saqarTvelos mosaxleoba. dReisaTvis Zalze rTulia dad-
gena, Tu ra raodenobis adamiani gaiyvanes mxolod XVII-XVIII sauku-
nis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos teritoriidan. Tu vivaraudebT, rom
weliwadSi mxolod dasavleT saqarTvelodan 1000 adamiani gahyavdaT,
saukunis ganmavlobaSi maTi ricxvi 100 aTas kacs aRemateboda. magram
iyo SemTxvevebi, rodesac weliwadSi 1000-dan 3000 kacamdec ki gahy-
avdaT samegrelodan da imereTidan, amas Tu daumatebT aRmosavleT
saqarTvelodan lekTa mier motacebul da gayidul adamianTa raode-
nobas SesaZloa, maTi saerTo ricxvi ramdenime aTas aWarbebda.
yvelaze samwuxaro is iyo, rom am umZimes saqmeSi yovelgvar si-
braluls moklebuli qarTveli Tavadaznaurobis garkveuli nawili
iyo Cabmuli. aseTma damokidebulebam kidev ufro daasusta isedac
dauZlurebuli qveyana. calke kvlevis sagania, ra iyo didebulebis
amgvari dacemis mizezi, sad gaqra am adamianebSi qristianuli si-
yvaruli. aseTi moqmedebiT isini mtris saqmes akeTebdnen da sakuTar
qveyanas Zirs uTxridnen. am usaSinles codvas ZiriTadad eklesia
upirispirdeboda, Tumca saWiro iyo, eklesias saero xelisuflebac
gverdiT amosdgomoda, raTa gavlenian didebulTa zegavlena dae-
ZliaT. tyveTa syidvis saSineli codvis winaaRmdeg ibrZoda dasav-
leT saqarTvelos kaTalikosi grigol lorTqifaniZe, romelsac 1717
wlis 25 noembers ficis wigni miarTves: „ese fici mogarTviT Cven
104
dadianma beJan, me erisTavma SoSita, Tqven Cvens kaTalikoss grigols
ase rome... tyvis syidvaSi viyaviT. axla moxvediT SemogvikeTeT: an
tyvis syidva gardaagdeT da an dasturi miboZeT, rom sxva qveyanas
wavideo“ (burjanaZe.1948:32). es sigeli naTlad mowmobs, Tu rogor
eweodnen tyveTa syidvas samegrelos mTavari beJan dadiani da raWis
erisTavi SoSita, am faqts isini Tavad aRiareben. Rirseuli kaTa-
likosi ki yvelafers akeTebs, raTa odiSisa da raWis mmarTveleb-
ma tyvis syidva Sewyviton, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi igi maT emuqreba
kaTalikosobidan gadadgomiT. grigol kaTalikosi amgvari moqmedeb-
iT aRasrulebda im pasuxismgeblobas, romelic mas RvTisagan hqonda
dakisrebuli da gadagvarebul qarTvelebs zneobrivi qmedebisaken
mouwodebda. qveyanaSi arsebul gausaZlis mdgomareobaze gvawvdis
informacias sabuTi, romlis mixedviTac merab jaiani pirobis wigns
aZlevs kaTalikos grigols: „ase rom Cveni qveyana TaTris xelad
Seiqna da mere am xeli kaci var da iq aRar gvedgomeboda da movedi,
SemogexveweT da wyaloba gviyaviT“ (kakabaZe.1921.I:149). tyveTa syid-
vis gamo mkvidri mosaxleoba saxl-kars tovebda da miuval adgilebs
afarebda Tavs.
mxolod saqarTvelos eklesiis Rirseuli warmomadgenlebis moq-
medeba tyveTa syidvas ver aRkveTda, saWiro iyo saxelmwifo poli-
tika am saSineli codvis winaaRmdeg. aTasobiT qarTveli samudamod
eTxoveboda samSoblos da misTvis ucxo qveyanaSi miemgzavreboda,
sadac maTi bedi winaswar iyo gansazRvruli. mSoblebis, da-Zmebis,
axloblebisa da samSoblos datovebis Semdeg maT qristianul sarw-
munoebazec unda eTqvaT uari. amasTan dakavSirebiT, interess iwvevs
kaTolike mRvdlis iosebis, werili, romelic 1675 wels mas romSi
gaugzavnia: „umanko bavSvebs, Tu vaJebs da qalebs, savaWro moedanze
hyidian oxer fasad, raTa daakmayofilon osmalebis uwminduri mada.
gvesmis da vxedavT maTs JRivils da tirils; am dros zogi mdinareSi
Tavs igdebs, zogi Tvalebs iTxris da zogic cxvirs iWris, raTa
105
urwmunoebman aRar iyidon da wminda sarwmunoeba ar daatovebinon
(TamarSvili. 1902:249). vfiqrobT, komentaric ki zedmetia, qarTve-
li axalgazrdebi tyved gayidvas damaxinjebasa da sikvdilsac amjo-
binebdnen. saWiro iyo saswrafod zomebis miReba, radgan dasavleT
saqarTvelos eTnikurad qarTveli xalxisagan dacla emuqreboda,
radgan aq samefo xelisufleba solomon pirvelis taxtze asvlamde
ar iyo Zlieri, rac xels uwyobda gadagvarebul Tavad-aznaurobas
fuli ekeTebina sakuTar mamuliSvilTa ubedurebis xarjze. am ada-
mianebs, rogorc aRvniSneT, saxelmwifoebriv azrovnebasTan erTad
dakarguli hqondaT yovelgvari sikeTe, adamianuroba, TanagrZnoba,
maTSi gamqrali iyo qarTvelobis gancda da mxolod sakuTari keTil-
dReobiTa da siZlieriT suldgmulobdnen. maT arafrad miaCndaT
qveynis ubedureba, radgan mefesac ki uyoymanod upirispidebodnen,
Tuki igi maT interesebs Seexeboda. maT winaaRmdeg saWiro iyo samefo
taxti mtkice nebisyofis pirovnebas daekavebina, romelic didi mon-
domebis fasad SeZlebda didebulTa Seviwroebasa da maT saboloo
damarcxebas.
aseTi mefe gamodga solomon pirveli, romelmac Tavisi mizan-
dasaxulobiTa da SeupovrobiT SeZlo sxvis ubedurebaze gamdidre-
buli Tavadebis alagmva. axalgazrda, jer kidev ymawvilma, solo-
monma, gabeda is, rac manamde misi winamorbedebidan veravin SeZlo,
solomon mefem taxtze asvlisTanave akrZala tyveTa gayidva, riTac
man daipirispira is didebulebi da mTavrebi, romlebic CarTulni
iyvnen am saqmeSi. maTTvis tyveTa gayidva wlebis ganmavlobaSi Semo-
savlis kargi wyaro iyo da aman maTi ukmayofileba gamoiwvia. solo-
mon mefem daipirispira aseve am saqmis umTavresi damkveTi osmale-
Tis imperia, romlis interesebSic Sedioda tyveTa syidvis aRdgena
dasavleT saqarTveloSi. amasTan dakavSirebiT saubrobda 1769 wels
quTaTeli mitropoliti maqsime ruseTSi vizitisas: „solomonis wi-
naprebis dros imereTis Tavadaznauroba imereTis xalxis Svilebs,
106
orive sqesisas, hyidda Turqebze. am samarcxvino saqmes TiTqmis yve-
la Tavadi da aznauri eweoda. aman imereTi daacaliera da solomonma
gamefebisTanave tyveebiT vaWrobas brZola gamoucxada. amis Sesaxeb
axalcixis faSam sulTans moaxsena da imereTs mravalgzis daesxa Tavs
TurqTa jari“ (cqitiSvili. 1980:18). mRvdelmTavari aseve saubrobda
im gadasaxadebze, romelic yovelwliurad ekisreboda mefe solo-
mons. misi odenoba Zalze didi Tanxa yofila: „ormocdaaTi aTasi
skudi“, romlis gadaxdac mefes ar SeeZlo Tuki ar gayidda tyveebs.
solomonis winaprebi osmaleTis sulTans aseve sam weliwadSi xarkis
saxiT TiTo komlze erT xalaTs an 20 kapiks uxdidnen, zogi batoni ki
Tavis ymebs yidda Turqebze. solomonma ki sastikad akrZala tyveTa
syidva“ (Gromoti.1898:3-4). am saqcieliT „solomonma Tavis qveSevrdo-
mebs naTlad daanaxa, rom igi dampyrobi Turqebisa da mahmadiano-
bis winaaRmdeg saqarTvelos erovnuli damoukideblobisa da qris-
tianobisaTvis ibrZvis“. 1768 wels solomon mefe werils ugzavnis
ekaterine meores, romelSic aRniSnavs: „aTormeti weliwadi aris, rom
xvanTqris jarsa da Cven brZola gvaqvs, da Svidjer Cems qveyanaSi Se-
mosulan imaTi seraskirebi da faSebi, tyvis xaraja da tyve uTxoviaT
da rom ar mimicia zamTar-zafxul omi gvqonebia Zlieri. qristes
SewevniT... yovelTvis damarcxebiT da sircxvileulni warsulan, da
TviT xeliTa CemiTaca mravalni momisravn'' (iqve:2). solomon mefe Ta-
vad aRiarebs, rom osmaleTTan mas omi tyveTa syidvis gamo hqonia da
es brZola mas 1756 wels dauwyia da „qristes SewevniT“ mtris Svidi
Tavdasxmidan yvela brZolaSi solomoni gamosula gamarjvebuli.
solomon mefis mier tyveTa syidvis akrZalvas 1759 wlamde ramden-
ime sigeli adasturebs. maT Soris erT-erTi 1756 wliT TariRdeba:
„Cven mefem... batonma solomon ....Tqven iaSvilebs levans da vaxtangs
da erTobiT geguTels aznaurisSvilebs, msaxurebsa da glexebs da
patrikeTelebs es imedis wigni da sigeli giboZeT...ara dros, ara
Jams arc Cemgan da arc Cemi nebamyofeli kaciT Tqven gayidviT fiqri
107
aRara gqondeT da dReis iqiT aras gaWirvebiT da arc gauWirvadaT
da udanaSaulod Tqven da Tqveni Ze da momavali Cvengan ar gaiyidoT“
(burjanaZe.1948:23). solomon mefe ara marto tyveTa syidvis winaaRm-
deg ibrZoda, aramed igi osmalur gadasaxadebsac auqmebda, romelic
mZime tvirTad awva mosaxleobas. am periodSi imereTSi saurisa da
saudieros gadaxda iyo dawesebuli. e.i. imereTis mosaxleobas tyveTa
syidvis simZimesTan erTad sxva gadasaxadebic ekisreboda osmale-
Tis imperiis sasargeblod, rac kidev ufro aRaribebda qveyanas os-
malebma qveyanaSi sazogadoebrivi upiratesobac moipoves. osmalTa
gadasaxadebma qveynis mosaxleoba umZimes mdgomareobaSi Caagdo. os-
malebi specialurad zrdidnen gadasaxadebs, raTa misi gadaxda qa-
rTvels ver SeZleboda da igi ori ukiduresobis winaSe dgeboda; an
unda Seecvala sarwmunoeba da mahmadianoba mieRo, an Tavisi nebiT
gaeyida ojaxis romelime wevri, mcirewlovani Tu zrdasruli Svili
da gadasaxadebi gadaexada.solomon mefe yvelafers akeTebda, raTa
mosaxleobisaTvis osmaluri gadasaxadebi Seemsubuqebina, amas mow-
mobs erTi uTariRo sigeli, romliTac man aseTi brZaneba gamosca:
„mefe ...solomon gibrZaneb, sul erTobiT xonelebo! didi TaTris
Zali da gadasaxadi Tu ar momadges, CemTvis wreuls iqiT misdRemCi
weliwadSi, TiTo marCilis meti, ar gadagaxdeinoT sauri“ (iqve:24).
osmaluri gadasaxadi Zalze mZime tvirTad awva mosaxleobas, sigeli
60-ian wlebSi unda iyos Sedgenili, vidre solomoni osmalur ga-
dasaxadebs sabolood gaauqmebda.
tyveTa syidvis akrZalvis saqmeSi solomon mefis mcdelobas
Sedegi gamouRia, mefis SiSis gamo zogierTma Sewyvita kidec adami-
anTa gayidva. Semdgomi periodis erTi sigeli ki kargad gadmogvcems
damokidebulebas am codvisadmi: „ukeTilmsaxuressa da umaRlessa
mefesa sruliad lixT-amerTasa batons solomons... eSmakis manqanebi-
sagan qristianobis momsvreli seni, romel ars tyvis gansyidva, eu-
fla qveyanasa Cuensa da qristes sisxliT syiduli da wmindis mironiT
108
aRniSnuli mravali usjulos mahmads Seewira“ (Akti.1866:64). sigels
manuCar dadianis beWedi azis da, bunebrivia, igi samegrelos samTav-
ros Seexeba da krZalavs adamianebis gayidvas aRniSnul samTavroSi.
manuCar dadiani mefes pirobas aZlevda- „raoden Zal-medvas aravis
vrido tyvis myidvelsa sasjelis misagebelad, arc me da arc Cemi
erTguli da brZanebis morCili... SeZlebismsgavsad risxva mivagoT“
aseTi pirobis miReba manuCar dadianisagan solomon mefis piradi
damsaxureba iyo. amgvarma damokidebulebam asobiT adamiani gadaar-
Cina tyved gayidvas. solomon mefem kidev ufro qmediTi nabiji ga-
dadga tyveTa syidvis asakrZalad, rodesac man 1759 wels quTaisSi
saeklesio kreba moiwvia. aRniSnul krebas araerTi mizani hqonda da
maT Soris umTavresi tyveTa syidvis akrZalva iyo.
1759 wlis 4 dekembers quTaisSi solomon mefis iniciativiT dasav-
leT saqarTvelos saeklesio kreba gaimarTa. krebis mizani iyo ekle-
siis uflebebis aRdgena da tyveTa syidvis akrZalva. qveynis ga-
Zlierebis saqmeSi solomons eklesia unda daxmareboda, swored am
mizniT man quTaisSi, sadac ukve mravali wlis manZilze mRvdelmTa-
vari aRar ijda, gamarTa saeklesio kreba. savaraudoa, rom saeklesio
kreba samefo sasaxleSi (oqros Cardaxi) an mis mimdebare teritoriaze
unda gamarTuliyo. krebas xelmZRvanelobda dasavleT saqarTvelos
kaTalikosi besarioni (erisTavi), xolo eswrebodnen: Wyondideli
mitropoliti gabrieli, gaenaTeli iosebi, Semoqmedeli nikolozi,
cagereli grigoli, mTavarepiskoposi iosebi, nikorwmindeli ger-
mane, daskalis mitropoliti danieli, ninowmindeli maqsime, bedieli
mitropoliti maqsime. krebis teqstidan naTeli xdeba, rom umTavre-
si mizani am Sekrebisa tyveTa syidvis akrZalva iyo, radgan mTeli
dasavleT saqarTvelos warmomomadgenlebi „yovelTa imerTa, odiS-
arTa, gurielTa, samRvdelo, samonazno mwyobrTa RmerTsa da yov-
elTa saRmTo dasTa SvilobiT mogarTvi Sen, mefe solomon“ (qroni-
kebi.1967:263). solomon mefes dasavleT saqarTvelos didebulebma
109
„soflis msajulis winaSe misatani da yovelTa marTlmadidebelTa
saxilveli wigni mogarTviT“. dadianma kaciam, gurielman, batonisS-
vilman, erisTavman da erTobiT wereTelman, miqelaZem, abaSiZem, ni-
JaraZem, agiasSvilman, lorTqifaniZem... da sxvam „RvTis Suamdgom-
lobiT rom sanamdis suli gvedgas... ar iqnes arc amaSid erTmaneTs
usustoT... mefe solomonis erTguli da brZanebis aRmsrulebeli
viqneT da gulis wmindiT erTmaneTs miudgeT“ (iqve: 263).
solomon mefem Tavisi iniciativiT mowveul saeklesio krebaze
daamtkica tyveTa syidvis akrZalva, xolo dasavleT saqarTvelos
didebulebs RvTisa da eris winaSe piroba daadebina, rom isini am
saSinel codvaSi aRar miiRebdnen monawileobas. xolo pirobis
damrRvevze mkacri sasjeli daadgina krebam, anu vinc am saSinel cod-
vas gaimeorebda -„masmca risxavs Tavad dausabamo RmerTi da yovelni
amaT zemo werilni wmindani zecisani da qveynisani xorcielni da ux-
orconi“. saeklesio krebis CatarebiT solomon mefem sakanonmdeblo
baza Seqmna, raTa tyveTa syidva akrZaluliyo dasavleT saqarTvelo-
Si, amasTanave man samegrelos, guriis, svaneTisa da leCxumis Tavad-
aznaurobas mianiSna, rom is aris mTeli dasavleT saqarTvelos mefe
da misi morCileba yvelas marTebs.
krebaze araerTi mniSvnelovani dadgenileba miuRiaT: 1. eris-
kacTagan mitacebuli yma-mamulebi eklesias daumtkicda. 2. saekle-
sio ymebi ganaTavisufla zedmeti gadasaxadisagan da saeklesio ga-
dasaxadebi daakanona. 3. eklesiis ekonomiuri meurneobis saqmeebSi
Careva eriskacebs aukrZala. 4. saeklesio Tanamdebobebidan uRirsni
gadaayena da Rirseulebi moiwvia. 5. Seamko da aago eklesia monas-
trebi (burjanaZe.1950:87). solomon mefis umTavresi mizani iyo aseve
quTaisSi aRedgina saepiskoposo kaTedra da quTaTelis saepiskoposo
taxtze gamourCeviaT maqsime abaSiZe. „quTaisis eklesia xelT egdo
mZvinvares agarians da mizeziTa amiT saquTaTlo mamuli da samrev-
lo mimobneuliyo, da romelime daSTomilyo, saerod gamxdariyo da
110
quTaTeli aRar ijda (kakabaZe.1914:4). axladaRdgenil saepiskoposos
sasargeblod izruna aseve solomon mefem da daiwyo saquTaTlo mam-
ulebis moZieba da dabruneba. „solomon mefe xazs usvamda imas, rom
qarTul eklesiis dacemis mizezi dampyrobi Zalaa, romelic unda
ganadgurdes, raTa qristianoba qarTvelTa Soris kvlav aRsdges“
aRniSnavda S. burjanaZe Tavis naSromSi. Semdgom periodSi Sedge-
nili araerTi sigeli adasturebs solomon mefis gansakuTrebul
mzrunvelobas eklesiisadmi da dakarguli adamianebis moZiebasa da
kanonieri patronis dabrunebis mcdelobas. amis dasturad SeiZleba
moviyvanoT XVIII saukunis 60-70-ian wlebSi Sedgenili Sewirulobis
sigeli, romlis mixedviTac solomon mefe da dedofali mariami sx-
vavis monasters swiraven gogitela modebaZes, romelic dakargula
da „davixseni colian-SvilianaT asormoc marCilaT amovixseni Ta-
Trisagan da SemogwireT naTlismcemlis udabnos“ (murusiZe.2016:156).
(naSromi momzadebulia dasabeWdad da uaxloes momavalSi gamoice-
ma). solomon mefes gogitela modebaZis ojaxis dasaxsnelad sakmaod
soliduri Tanxa gadauxdia da isini osmalebisagan gamouxsnia. calke
aRniSvnis Rirsia solomon mefis mzrunveloba xonis mosaxleobisa da
eklesiisadmi.
1761 wlis 23 aprils solomon mefem morigi saeklesio kreba moi-
wvia. kreba Seexo gadasaxadebis gawerisa da akrefis sakiTxs da dad-
genileba gamoitana xonis eklesiis Sesaxeb, romlis gujari... dakar-
guliyo da arc samremlos, arc niSnis, arc saxucosi arcerTi wigni
aRar iyo“ (burjanaZe.1950:89). solomon mefe iRwvoda aseve sasuli-
ero pirebis siwmindesa da patiosnebaze, amis magaliTad unda moviyva-
noT misi damokidebuleba vinme dekanoz quTaTelaZisadmi, romelic
„eklesias rom ekadreboda, ise ar msaxurobda, rigs ar aTavebda da
sxvas ra ginda ra saqmeSi iyo“ (qve:88). saqarTveloSi tyveTa syidvis
aRdgeniT, TviT prusiac ki yofila dainteresebuli. amis dasturad
unda moviyvanoT prusiis elCis teglenis moqmedeba, romelsac ru-
111
seTis mTavrobis warmomadgenlisaTvis qarTveli tyveebis ganTavisu-
flebis saqmisaTvis Tavis danebeba urCevia. osmaleTis interesebis
dacviT, TviT evropuli saxelmwifoc ki iyo danteresebuli, miuxe-
davad yvelafrisa, imerTa mefe damoukidebeli mmarTveli iyo da,
pirvel rigSi, igi qveynis interesebidan amodioda. solomonis mier
tyveTa syidvis akrZalvas osmaleTis mxridan gaafTrebuli Tavdasx-
mebi mohyva. 1757-1765 wlebSi osmalebi daaxloebiT rvajer daesxnen
Tavs dasavleT saqarTvelos, solomon mefe mterTan dapirispirebi-
sas Svidjer gamarjvebuli gamovida, maT Soris man 1757 wlis xresi-
lis brZolaSi daamarcxa osmalTa 40 aTasiani armia, ramac saSualeba
misca saeklesio krebebis mowvevisa da tyveTa syidva saeklesio kanon-
mdeblobiT akrZala. 1769 wlidan solomon mefem daiwyo osmaluri
cixeebis gawmenda Turquli garnizonebisagan, man kargad gamoiyena
im droindeli politikuri situacia da ruseT-osmaleTis mimdinare
omi. solomonis piradi damsaxurebiT gaTavisuflda qalaqi quTaisi,
romelic mters 120 weli hqonda dapyrobili.
solomon pirvelis mier eklesia monastrebis aRdgena
solomon mefis erovnul-ganmanTavisuflebelma moZraobam Ses-

aZlebeli gaxada urTules mdgomareobaSi myofi dasavleT saqarT-
velos eklesia osmalTa zegavlenisagan gaTavisuflebuliyo. dasus-
tebul eklesias aseve unda dabruneboda is mamulebi, romlebic adre
mis sakuTrebaSi iyo, magram osmalTa mZlavrobis gamo mterTan erTad
araerTma pirovnebam miitaca eklesiis miwa-wyali. erSi dacemuli sar-
wmunoeba unda aRdgeniliyo, osmalTa mier dangreuli eklesia-mon-
astrebi ki aRdgena-SekeTebas saWiroebda. am saqmeSi gansakuTrebiT
aRsaniSnavia solomon mefis Rvawli, aRniSnavs kidec igi erT-erT
sigelSi: „Semdgomad amisa viwye miswrafebiT moZiebad glexTa da aga-
rakTa... eklesiaTa da trfial viyav, raTa samefosa Cemisa eklesiani
yovelni Tavisufal meqmnes“ (burjanaZe.1948:32). solomon mefem Tavi-
112
si gansakuTrebuli survili pirnaTlad Seasrula, man gaaTavisufla
qveyana osmalTa garnizonebisagan, rac iyo eklesiis dasustebis mTa-
vari mizezi. erT sigelSi solomoni pirdapir aRniSnavs, rom „mas Jamsa
gulsmodginebiTa da wmindaTa eklesiaTa da monasterTa sofelni da
mamulni saeriskacod gamxdariyo da wmidani eklesiani iyvnen yovli-
TurT SiSulad datevebulni da zrunva da gamoZieba vyavT. da ekle-
siaTa da monasterTa mamuli visac miemZlavrebinaT isev gamovarTviT
da eklesias da monasterTa SevswireT“ (qim.ist. sab. #131). solo-
mon mefis Tanamedrove didi poeti besiki maRalfardovani sityvebiT
gadmogvcems im sixaruls, romelic solomon mefis udidesma Rvawlma
ganapiroba: „dRes dacema iqmna qedmaRalTa maT ucxo TeslTa aga-
rovanTa... qristes mier sabrxe Seimusra da Cven ganvereniT!... qriste
aRdga da aRmadginna monebrivisgan mterisa!“ (besiki.1921:28). solo-
mon mefe dampyrobi Zalis qveynidan gaZevebas ukavSirebda, rogorc
tyveTa syidvis akrZalvas, aseve eklesiis gaZlierebas. saeklesio
„ganmaaxleblobas“ solomon mefe Tavisi moRvaweobis dasasrulamde
eweoda.
solomon mefem gelaTis samonastro kompleqsze zrunva jer kidev
Tavisi mefobis dasawyisSi daiwyo. taZari, romelic wminda mefe da-
viT aRmaSenebelma aago da uzrunvelyo yovelgvari SewirulobiT,
mis Semdgom ki mravalma qarTvelma mefem Seswira gelaTs sxvadasxva
adgil-mamuli, tye-wyali, da a. S. qarTvel mefeTa zrunvis Sedegad
gelaTSi mravali wminda xati Tu patiosani jvari iyo damkvidrebuli,
agarianTa safrTxis gamo, gelaTis monasterSi iyo aseve dabrZaneb-
uli xaxulisa da awyuris RvTismSoblis saswaulmoqmedi xatebi. mas
Semdeg, rac quTaisis cixe osmalebma daikaves, gelaTis monastris
adgil-mamulebi da ymebi osmalebma miitaces, amasTanave „TviT sameu-
feo taZari samkaulTagan daklebul qmniliyo agarianTa moRebiTa“.
am SemTxvevaSi saubari unda iyos 1510 wlis osmalTa mier gelaTze
Tavdasxmaze, romlis drosac gelaTis monastridan mravali samkauli

113
gautaciaT. sigeli, 1755 wels aris Sedgenili da masSi solomon mefe
ixseniebs Tavis meuRles mariams, biZas mamuka batoniSvilsa da bico-
las darejan dadians, Tavis biZas ufliswul giorgis, umcros Zmas
gaenaTel mitropolit iosebs. gelaTis krebuls uTxoviaT gelaTis
ganTavisufleba da „da mravlTa gansacdelTagan oxer qmnilisa amas
Cveca xel vyaviT ganTavisuflebad didisa iwroebaTagan moculisa
taZrisa... davamtkiceT rom arc Cemgan da arc SemdgomTa CemTa mepa-
troneTagan am gelaTis Semavals arc aznauris Svilis ymasa da arc
glexs... arasodes sauris gadasaxadi ar eTxovebodes“ (kakabaZe. II.
1921: 5).
axalgazrda mefe cdilobda Tavisi winaprebis saZvale aeRorZine-
bina da Zveli dideba daebrunebina, Tumca gelaTis monasters male
axali safrTxe daemuqra, rodesac mas 1759 wels, lekebi daesxnen
Tavs. es iyo mtris moulodneli Tavdasxma da rogorc Cans, solomon
mefe lekebs momzadebuli ver daxvda. lekebs Tavdasxma 1759 wlis 10
agvistos mouwyviaT: „amave qronikonsa imereTs lekis laSqari movida,
mravali suli qristiani iSoves, gelaTi da sujunis saydari dawves.
Tvesa i agvistosa“ (Jordania.1967:260). Semoqmedis gulani am Tavdasx-
mas 1758 wliT aTariRebs. lekTa marbieli laSqari saCxeridan gadmo-
sula da gelaTis monasteri sakmaod dauzianebia, rasac mowmobs gela-
Tis gujaric: „gelaTi rom lekma daswva Tqvenc (mefes) mogexsenebaT,
eklesia gaoxrebuli iyo, yoveli marTlmadidebeli qristiane vinc
iyo da gelaTi enaxaT im Jamad stirodnen da kidec eweodnen“ (iqve:
261). am cnobiT naTelia, rom gelaTis samonastro kompleqsi Tavdasx-
mis Semdeg cud mdgomareobaSi yofila da qristiani morwmuneebi amis
gamo didad Sewuxebulan, rogorc Cans, aRniSnuli sityvebis avtori
solomon mefes daxmarebas sTxovda, raTa gelaTis monasteri aRedgi-
naT. solomon mefem uSualod izruna gelaTis monastris aRdgena-ga-
naxlebaze. man sakuTari saxsrebiT gadaxura gelaTis monasteri: „sa-
kuTriTa monagariTa, TvisiTa daxura axlad sruliad eklesia rkinis
114
yavruliTa“ (tyeSelaSvili.2007:95). am Tavdasxmis dros lekebma daam-
tvries da gaitaces TeTri marmarilos sakaTalikoso taxti, romlis
nacvlad solomonis Zmam, ioseb gaenaTelma axali taxti aagebina.
1764 wlis 17 marts solomon mefe da mariam dedofali gelaTis
monasterSi dabrZanebul xaxulis RvTismSoblis saswaulmoqmed xats
swiraven Semdeg pirebs: „SemogwireT, uria CaxvaSvili, daviT: da misi
Zma: isxaka,“ romelTac mariamobis TveSi xatisTvis unda mierTmiaT
aTi Careqi sanTeli da erTi Careqi sakmeveli. es ojaxi Zveli droid-
anve gelaTs ekuTvnoda, Tumca JamTa viTarebis gamo es wesi darRveu-
li iyo da mefem Zveli wesi sigeliT ganaaxla. solomon mefe, misi
meuRle mariam dadiani da maTi Ze aleqsandre Svid koml mosaxles
swiraven gelaTSi „Cvens ekvders da sasaflaos macxovars da mis wi-
namZRvars WiWinaZes ioakims“ (kakabaZe. 1921.II: 53). es Svidi komlic Jam-
Ta viTarebis gamo warTmeuli iyo gelaTisTvis da kvlav monasters
daubrunda. interess iwvevs is faqti, rom gelaTis mTavar taZarSi
arsebul macxovris ekvders solomon mefis ojaxi Cvens ekvders uwo-
debs, Tumca unda aRvniSnoT, rom am droisaTvis macxovris ekvderi
ukve Sevsebulia qarTvel mefe-dedofalTa saflavebiT da es ekvderi
maTi ver iqneboda. CvenTvis cnobilia, rom solomonis ojaxis ar-
cerTi wevri am ekvderSi ar daukrZalavT.
gelaTisTvis zrunavda aseve solomon mefis meuRle mariam dadi-
ani, romelsac agarianTa mZlavrebis gamo mouZiebia da osmalTagan
dauxsnia qvitirSi mcxovrebi ori mosaxle: „odesac wyaloba auracx-
elman RmerTman da Zeman Senman moxeda wilxdomilsa qveyanasa Sensa
imereTs da aRWura maT zeda risxvad mefe batoni solomon da ZaliTa
Zlierebisa SenisaTa ganidevna mahmadianTa eri qveynisagan Senisa da
simagrenica cixeTa maTTani dairRves viTa zRudeni ieriqosni, maSin
viRvawe meca saxelisaTvis Senisa da miuRe igi TaTarTa da SenTve
Semogwire“(iqve: 61). solomon mefe Tavis axal Tanamecxedre gul-
qan dedofalTan erTad aseve zrunavda gelaTSi mdebare soxastris
115
eklesiaze, isini 1783 wels swiraven yma-glexebsa da mamulebs: „Jamsa
mocalebisasa viwyeT wmindaTa eklesiaTa, glexTa da mamulTa Zieba
da visac mZlavrebiT mietaca, yovelive WeSmaritiTa msjavriTa movi-
poveT, wmindas eklesias miumZRvane“. soxastris monasterSi gaenaTel
mitropolit eqvTimes TanxmobiT winamZRvrad ganuwesebiaT mRvdel-
monazoni amberki avaliani. solomon mefe gansakuTrebul yuradRebas
uTmobda gelaTis macxovris saxelobis ekvders, romlisTvisac mis
papas giorgi mefes, daudgenia winamZRvrad mRvdel-monazoni domen-
ti WiWinaZe da misi Svili iosebi, mas aseve mamulebi Seuwiria aRniS-
nuli ekvdrisaTvis. maT yovel SabaTs unda ewiraT yvela gardacvli-
li mefis sulis saoxad, xolo „yovel kviras, vinc cocxali iqmneba
misi“. solomon mefesTan 1781 wels macxovris ekvderis winamZRvari
WiWinaZe ioakime misula da misTvis „sigeli papisa...moiRo da ekv-
drisa mis ambavi srulebiT mogviTxro, glexni da mamulni romelic
vismes, mZlavrebiT Seekribnes“ (iqve:72). mefes yovelive gamouZiebia
da macxovris ekvdrisaTvis xelaxla Seuwiravs kuTvnili mamulebi
samudamo mflobelobaSi. solomoni cdilobda Tavisi papis mier
dadgenili wesebi aRedgina da amasTanave misi mizani iyo gelaTSi
ar Sewyvetiliyo gardacvlil mefeTa moxsenieba.solomon pirvelisa
da misi Zmis kaTalikos iosebis damsaxurebiT gelaTSi mouyvaniaT
eqvTime SarvaSiZe. 1819 wlis 2 noembers igi igonebda „didma mefem,
solomon pirvelma, da misma Zmam kaTalikozma iosebma momiyvanes
guriidan, 61 weliwadi aris imereTs var, ormocdaerTi weliwadi gae-
naTeli var, ocs weliwads mefes da mis Zmas kaTalikozs vaxldi da
maTi brZaneba da daweseba srulebiT vici“. eqvTime jer kidev bavS-
vi, 12, wlisa miuyvaniaT imereTSi (tyeSelaSvili.2005:39). gaenaTelma
mitropolitma eqvTimem solomon mefis gardacvalebis Semdeg kidev
mravali weli imsaxura Rirseulad gelaTis monasterSi, vidre 1820
wels mas iZulebiT ar daatovebines samSoblo da 1822 wels samSob-
lodan Sors, ruseTSi, ar gardaicvala. 2005 wels tanjuli mRvdelm-
116
Tavari saqarTveloSi iqna gadmosvenebuli da didi mefe solomon
pirvelis pirdapir, mTavari taZris samxreT mxares, iqna dakrZaluli,
gelaTis mTavar taZarSi.
solomon pirvelis mier gelaTis monastrisadmi sxvadasxva wlebSi
Sewiruli qoneba:
„gardamoxsna abreSumzed nakeri abreSumis ZafiT“, „xomli ver-
cxkisa, saSvalo tanisa Camokidebuli 9 sanTliT woniT 10 girvanqa“
da „Sandali spilenZisa ori didroni“, „vercxlis sura woniT 116
misxali,“barZimi, feSxumi, kamara, kovzi vercxlisa 2 gir da 52 misx-
ali, ori patara sura da erTi takuki vercxlisa 1 girvanqa da 20
misxali, langari da Sandali vercxlisa 2 gir da 79 misxali, xati
RvTismSoblisa sivrciT 8X7 verSoki ficarzed romelsa xelT upyria
ieso qriste vercxlis gvirgvinebiT, garSemo xatisa arian moxatuli
12 mociquli, xati winamorbedisa sivrciT 7X6 verSoki, mosia ver-
cxlis perangi da gvirgvini xati wmindisa marinesi sivrciT 7X8 ...
(kezevaZe. 2006:15).
bagratis taZris ganTavisufleba
miuxedavad solomon mefis mier gatarebuli RonisZiebebisa da

xresilis brZolaSi gamarjvebisa, mainc ver moxerxda quTaisis cixisa
da bagratis taZris gaTavisufleba agresori osmalebisagan. solo-
mon mefe didi xnis ganmavlobaSi emzadeboda quTaisis cixis asaRebad,
raTa cixis SigniT mdebare bagratis taZarSi msaxureba aRedgina. ta-
Zars Tavisi pirvelqmnili mSveniereba karga xnis dakarguli hqon-
da, radgan 1691 wels bagratis taZari osmalebma aafeTqes, am dros
Camoiqca gumbaTi da ganadgurda kedlis mxatvroba. bunebrivia, imer-
Ta saxelovan mefes bagratis taZris amgvar mdgomareobaSi xilva ar
moasvenebda, miT ufro, roca cixe osmalebs ekavaT da mefes iq Sesv-
lis ufleba ar hqonda.
solomon mefis mier bagratis taZris gaTavisuflebis survilis
117
Sesaxeb cnobas gvawvdis 1773 wlis 9 ianvris sigeli, romelSic mefe
gansakuTrebul krZalvas gamoxatavs am uZvelesi taZris mimarT. igi
brZanebs: „suliT, guliTa da gonebiT Tayvanismcemelsa Sensa, afxaz-
imerTa yovlobisa mflobelsa“. RvTismoSiSi mefe codvaTa simrav-
lis gamo RvTis daSvebad miiCnevs osmalTa Semosevas da Tavis didi
xnis ocnebas amJRavnebs: „mraval JamiTgan meneba gamoxsna Senisa cis
sferois umaRlesis eklesiisa, vinaiTgan codvaTa CvenTa ZliT, miS-
vebiTa RvTisaTa, TaTar osmanTa mtkiced epyrad quTaTisisa cixe-qa-
laqni“. solomonis sityvebiT vgebulobT, rom am droisaTvis bagratis
taZari ukve darRveuli iyo, Tumca osmalebs misi mTlianad dangreva
hqoniaT gadawyvetili. „da axal samoTxed wodebulni Svenier-haero-
ani eklesia Seni umowyalod daerRviaT da lamoden ZiriTurT aR-
moTxrasa da qristianeTa erTa SenTa mimodatacebasa da ganbnevasa“.
mtris survili iyo, quTaisis cixeSi sabolood daengriaT uZvelesi
qristianuli taZari, raTa ukeT SeZlebodaT aRmoefxvraT dasavleT
saqarTveloSi qristianuli sarwmunoeba. rasac Zlier ganicdida mra-
valWirgamovlili mefe da misi upirvelesi survili iyo, rom quTaisis
cixe mtrisagan gaeTavisuflebina. am gamarjvebis mopovebas solomon
mefe deda-RvTisas SewevniT xsnis. „mas Jamsa SewevniTa SeniTa, dedao
RvTisao, STameWra gulsa cecxli Surisgebisa ucxo TeslTa maT zeda
da viZie saRmTo Suri elia didisa da dRe da Rame mxurvaled vmeca-
dinobdi RoniTa aRfxvrasa bilwTa osmanTasa“ (burjanaZe.1959:130).
osmalebTan omSi daxmareba solomon mefes ruseTis imperator
ekaterinesagan uTxovia, risTvisac mas ruseTSi quTaTeli mit-
ropoliti maqsime gaugzavnia, xolo misi Camosvlis Semdeg imereTis
jari Seukrebia da rusebis daxmarebiT „esreT erTobiT aRvlesneT
gulni daTxevad sisxlisa taZrisa Senisa gamoxsnisaTvis... SewevniTa
SeniTa dedao mRTisa, myis SevmusreniT qalaq-cixe-simagreni maTni,
davaTreT rxmali Cveni sisxlTa Sina TaTarTasa“. sigelidan irkveva,
rom quTaisis cixeSi osmalebs meCeTi hqoniaT gamarTuli, razec gi-
118
udenStendtic saubrobda. „mRvdelni maTni davkleniT, maxvilosani
movswyvideniT, bomon-baginni miZgidiTurT davarRvieniT, xolo ia-
var-deda-wulni maTni romelnime ruseTis imperators miuZRvaneniT,
umravlesni ki kavkasis mTebSi, ovsTa, svanTa qistTa Soris davabine-
niT“. solomon mefe sigelSi albaT gulisxmobs, mis mier cucxvaTis,
Soropnisa da quTaisis ganTavisuflebas, ris Semdegac mas osmal
tyveTa nawili ruseTSi, nawili Crdilo kavkasiaSi, xolo visac mou-
survebia tyveTa erT nawils qristianoba miuRia. quTaisis cixis gan-
Tavisuflebis Semdeg, solomon mefes osmalTa mier bagratis taZris
mitacebuli mamulebi mouZiebia, ganuaxlebia sigelebi da taZrisT-
vis mamulebi daubrunebia: quTaisSi, axalsofelSi, zemo da qvemo
qvitirSi, maRlaks taZris agaraki, farcxanayanevs micvalebis taZris
mamuli, CuneSs, ofSkviTs, patrikeTs, vakisubans, geguTs, mesxeTs, wy-
alTaSuas, Wolevs, rokiTs, fersaTs, Subans, korTxas, alsimereTs,
xons, alisubans, mujireTs, gurias, baxvs, zegans, raWas, futieTs da
a.S.(iqve: 131-132). sigelSi moxseniebulia solomonis meuRle mari-
ami da Svilebi aleqsandre, darejan da mariam batoniSvilebi, sigeli
dawerilia xuces-moZRvar zaqaria gabaSvilis mier.
solomon mefem osmalTa gandevnis Semdeg bagratis taZris samxre-
Ti karibWe amoaSena da iq RvTismSoblis Sobis saxelobis trapezi
daadgmevina, romelSic RvTismsaxureba mimdinareobda 1775 wlidan.
aRniSnuli eklesia maqsime quTaTels unda ekurTxebina da meoce
saukunis dasawyisamde masSi sul ramdenime mRvdelmTavari swiravda,
(maT Soris wm. mRvdelmTavari dosiTeos wereTeli da wm. gabriel
episkoposi) vidre ekvderSi sabolood taZari ar gauqmda.
sia sabuTTa, romlebic Sewiruli arian imereTis soborosa (bagra-
tis taZris) da monastrebisadmi sxvada sxva gvarni qonebani.
1. CRni dekemberi d. udroobiT gayunilis quTaisis soboros ga-
naxlebisa da dadginebisa imaze, mitropolitisa dadebiTa br-
ZanebisaTa ganbneulni ymani da mamulni ima eklesiisani sadac iyos
119
da visac yavdes yovelnive yovelTagan danebdes mas eklesiasa.
azis cxra beWedi: mefe solomonisa, meuRlisa misisa mariam
dedoflisa, besarion kaTalikosisa, giorgi batonisSvilisa, Wyon-
dideli mitropolitisa gabrielisa, gaenaTis mitropolitisa
iosebisa da sxvaTa...
2. CRio ianvris kg. quTaisis soboros ymaTadmi vakis mazris sofels
maRlaks mcxovrebTa saxazinoT gamosaRebi sauris fulis mokveTi-
lobis da mis nacvlad yovelnive komls Tavze TiTo abazis wminda
sanTlis sasargeblod ama eklesiasa ganuwesebs. solomon mefem
osmaluro gadasaxadi gauuqma maRlakis macxovreblebs da mizer-
uli TiTo abazis wminda sanTlis Sewirva daakisra bagratis taZ-
risaTvis.
3. solomon mefe CR?? ianvari T. soborosadmi Seuwiravs sofeli
axalsofeli, yovels misis Sesaval-gamosavaliT, romelic Zve-
ladac ama eklesiisadmi Sewirul yofiliyo da udroobisa gamo
ucxo TeslT mahmadianTa daepyraT, garna ima mefeman gamoixsna ra
igi xsenebuli sigeliTa xelTagan usjuloTasa da daemkvidra ama
eklesiasa da ganusazRvra esreT.
4. solomon mefem CRog ianvris T. man ganaaxla soboro ese da ga-
nukuTvna ymani da mamulni romelnica Zvels davTarsa Sina were-
bulan. quTaiss miwa da mamulni da mosaxle glexni. axalsofels,
zemo qvitirs, qvemo qvitirs, maRlaks taZris agaraki da masze
mosaxle glexni, farcxanayanevs, CuneSs, ofSkviTs taZris agaraki,
patrikeTs, vakisubans, geguTs, mesxeTs eklesiis agaraki, wyalTa-
Suas, Wolevs, Subans, Rvinaras, alsimereTs, xons, jvarisas, ali-
subans, muJireTs, berTis, WyviSs, guriis RvTismSoblis mamuli,
sofeli baxvi, zegans samefo sofelsa Sina. (s.c.s. a. fondi 1451
#16).
120
biWvinTis taZari
1776 wlis 26 agvistos sigeli, romlis mixedviTac solomon

mefe biWvinTis sakaTalikosos mamulebs ubrunebs: „ ... ese wigni
mogarTviT Cven mefeman ... solomon ... Tqven afxaz-imerTa kaTa-
likos maqsimes. esreT... rom biWvintis eklesiis mamulebi samouraod
Cvens kacebs hqonda... ZvelTa gujrebTa Sina biWvintis eklesiisaTa
esreT gancxadebulad vpoveT, rom eklesiis mamulSid sxvis moxele
da mouravi ar Sevides da arca vin flobdes Tvinier kaTalikozis
brZanebisa“ (kakabaZe.1921:51).
xonis taZari
xazgasmiT SeiZleba aRvniSnoT solomon mefis mzrunveloba xonis

wminda giorgis taZrisadmi. Tavdapirvelad man aRadgina xonis saepis-
koposo kaTedra, xolo Semdeg daiwyo moqmedeba mis gasaZliereblad.
mefe 1762 wels axladaRdgenil saepikoposo taZars ubrunebs or
glexs, romlebic sxvas hyavda mitacebuli. xonis taZaris yma-glexebs
aTavisuflebs da kvlav taZars ubrunebs solomoni 1764-1769-1773
wlebSi. amasve adasturebs 1778 wlis erTi sigeli, romliTac solo-
moni aTavisuflebs xonis eklesias „mouravisa da mebaJisagan“ da yvela
Tavads ukrZalavs mouravisa da mebaJis dayenebas eklesiis mamulSi
„Tvinier mTavarepiskoposisa iyavn risxva maszeda da SeCveneba“( kaka-
baZe. 1921.II:66). sigels amtkicebs mefe imereTisa solomoni, mariam
dedofali, mefis Ze aleqsandre da kaTalikosi maqsime. solomon me-
fis bolo sigeli xonis taZrisadmi 1782 wliT TariRdeba, sigelSi
naTlad Cans solomonis ganzraxva saerTod eklesiisadmi: „vsZlieT
uSjuloTa mahmadianTa usamarTlod aRdgomilTa qristes mosaxele-
Ta erTa zeda...trfial viyav, raTa samefosa Cemisa eklesiani yovelni
Tavisufal meqmnes da ZalmweobiTa wmidaTa eklesiaTa mivemTxve saw-
adelsa Cemsa mokleTa JamTa“(iqve:74). RvTismoSiSi monarqi iswrafoda,
rac SeiZleboda male gaeTavisuflebina Tavisi qveynis eklesiani da
121
igi kmayofilia iyo, rom es saqme mokle droSi aRasrula, aRniSnul
sigelSi kargad Cans solomonis gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba xo-
nis wminda giorgis taZrisadmi, romlis Zveli gujrebi ganuxilia da
maT safuZvelze axali Seudgenia, „amoviyvaneT da isev Tqvens wmindas
monasters da mas zeda dadginebuls mRvdelmTavars miuZRvaneT“. al-
baT bediswera iyo, mefe im taZarze zrunavda gansakuTrebulad, sa-
dac unda gamgzavrebuliyo Tavisi cxovrebis ukanasknel dRes, Tumca
taZarSi msaxurebas ver daeswro, radgan igi xonSi wasvlamde quTais-
Si, sakuTar sasaxleSi, gardaicvala uecari SeteviT.
jruWis taZari
solomon mefe eklesiis uflebebis dacvis saqmeSi aravis ar eride-

boda, maT Soris imereTis iseT Zlier feodalebs, rogorebic iyvnen:
rostom raWis erisTavi da qaixosro wereTeli. mefe maT wyeninebas
ar moerida, rodesac maT waarTva jruWis wminda giorgis saxelobis
eklesia. urTierTmoqiSpe Tavadebs taZari cixe-simagred gadaeqciaT
da „eklesiad aRadgina“, „vismineT navedrebi krebulTa wmidaTani...
SuamavlobiTa raWis erisTavisasa biZisa Cvenisa, kaTalikozis besa-
rionisaTa, rameTu JamTa viTarebiTa da droTa gardacvliTa ymani
Cvenni raWis erisTavi da zemo mxaris Tavadi wereTeli aSliliyvnen...
im adgils wmindis giorgis eklesia oxrad daSTomiliyo da TviT
simagreT is eklesia moerToT. mere erisTavs waerTmia da masac sima-
greT qonoda, radgan rom wmindani krebulni Semogvexvewnen, orTav
nebiT isev samonastrod gavxadeT eklesia wminda giorgisa, romel
ars jruWi“ (burjanaZe.1948:39). solomon mefis uSualo CareviT
aRikveTa or gadagvarebul didebuls Soris SuRli da msaxureba aR-
dga jruWis uZveles monasterSi, romelic maT cixe simagred hqoniaT
gadaqceuli. rostom erisTavisa da qaixosro wereTlis e.w. „nebayo-
floba“ iZulebiTi iyo.
122
gamoCinebuli
solomon mefem gamoCinebulis eklesiis ymebs sauri amoukveTa,

anu gadasaxadi gauuqma da 1782 wlis 26 aprils: „ninowminda TaTri-
sagan gaoxrda da mis zeda mdgomeli episkoposi ioane im adgilidam
gadmovarda. samkvidro adgili aRar qonda, da sarCod gamoCinebulis
sawinamZRvroze davayeneT“ (iqve:40). mefe ara marto imereTze, aramed
mTlianad dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiaze zrunavda, rasac mowmobs
ninowmindeli episkoposis imereTSi gadmoyvana da gamoCinebulis
eklesiaSi dadgena.
maRlakis RvTismSoblis xatis saxelobis eklesia
quTaisis sakaTedro bagratis taZris dangrevisa da quTaisis cixe-

Si osmalebis damkvidrebis gamo solomon mefis nebarTviT maqsime
quTaTels quTaisTan axlos, maRlakSi augia quTaisis RvTismSob-
lis xatis saxelobis eklesia, romelSic quTaisis RvTismSoblis pa-
liastomis saswaulmoqmedi xati dausvenebiaT. amave taZarSi aRas-
rulebda RvTismsaxurebas quTaTeli mitropoliti maqsime. aRniSul
eklesias Sewiruli hyavda ymebi, romlebic mefes saurisgan gauTa-
visuflebia: „mefeT-mefeman solomon... ese wigni da sigeli mogarT-
viT... quTaTel mitropoliT maqsimes.. da ase rom vinaidgan quTaisi
agarianT epyra, Sen mcire eklesia aRaSene maRlaks... quTaisis RvTim-
Sobeli iq daasvene. gvevedre misi Semavalis kacis ganTavisuflebas.
vismineT moxseneba Tqveni; sauri amoukveTeT“ (burjanaZe. 1948:43).
Cveni varaudiT, palistomis, RvTismSoblisa da bagratis taZris si-
wmindeebi garkveuli periodi swored aRniSnul taZarSi daabrZanes,
albaT Turqebis saboloo gandevnisa da 1775 wlamde bagratis taZ-
ris samxreT karibWeSi eklesiis amoqmedebamde mainc. amave eklesias
mefeT-mefe solomoni, misi Tanamecxedre mariami da maTi Ze ale-
qsandre maRlakis RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesias sauravis aR-
mowerilobis sigels aZleven, romlis mixedviTac maT macxovreblebs
123
yovelwliurad wminda sanTlis mirTmeva evalebodaT RvTismSoblis
eklesiisTvis (scsa. f.1448s.#2167).
kacxis sveticxovlis saxelobis eklesia
solomon mefes kacxSic augia erTi patara eklesia sveticxovlis

saxelze. sigeli uTariRoa, magram Sinaarsis mixedviT ruxis brZolis
Semdeg unda iyos dawerili: „Seni dekanozi rom aris, oqropiri ku-
pataZe, mRvdeli, msxverplis Semwirveli, patara eklesia aRgiSeneT
imaSi davayeneT is kaci“. solomon mefe da dedofali mariami gan-
sakuTrebiT zrunavdnen kacxis macxovris saxelobis taZarze. isini
aRniSnul eklesias 1759 wlis 26 ivliss swiraven xuT komls, Tavisi
tyiT, miwiT da wisqviliT (qim. ist. sab.#100). sigelSi moxseniebuli
arian arximandriti silibistro laRaZe da karis mwirveli mRvdeli
giorgi wereTeli. amave eklesias solomon mefis ojaxi 1775 wlis 4
dekembers swiravs sazanoSi nebieriZeebis Svid komls, xuces daviT
xvedeliZes... „Cven codvaTa saoxad da ZeTa da asulTa CvenTa aRsaz-
rdelad“ (qim.ist.sab.#118).
solomon mefis saeklesio moRvaweobis Sesaxeb araerTi cnobaa dac-
uli saqarTvelos arqivebsa da muzeumebSi, romelTa Seswavlac saSu-
alebas mogvcems kidev ufro meti SevityoT saqarTvelos erT-erTi
gamorCeuli monarqis Sesaxeb. uaxloes momavalSi dagegmili gvaqvs
solomon mefis Sesaxeb gamovceT monografia, romelSic mefis moR-
vaweobis Sesaxeb mravali mniSvnelovani sakiTxi iqneba Seswavlili.
124
1. burjanaZe S. solomon I-is mefobis pirveli periodi 1752-1768 ww.

kr. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis Sromebi #41. Tb. 1950.
2. burjanaZe S. istoriuli dokumentebi imereTis samefosa da gu-
ria-diSis samTavroebisa (1460-1770 ww). wg.I.Tb.1959.
3. gabaSvili besarion. TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli. tf. 1921.
4. TamaraSvili m. istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris namdvi-
lis sabuTebis SemotaniT da ganmartebiT XIII saukunidan vidre XX
saukunemde. tf. 1902
5. kakabaZe s. werilebi da masalebi saqarTvelos istoriisaTvis. tf.
1914
6. kakabaZe s. dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio sabuTebi. wg.I.tf.1921
7. kakabaZe s. dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio sabuTebi. wg.II.tf.1921
8. kezevaZe m. gelaTis monasteri egzarqosobis dros. quT. 2006.
9. murusiZe m. raWis saeklesio-samonastro cxovreba XI saukunidan
XX saukunis meore meoTxedamde. quT. 2016
10. surgulaZe m. bagrationTa samefo saxli. genialogiuri tabulebi
Seadgines: m. surgulaZe da m. qavTariam. Tb.1995
11. tyeSelaSvili l. gelaTi-meore ierusalimi sxva aTina. quT.2007
12. qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa da mwerlobisa
Sekrebili, qronologiurad dawyobili da axsnili T.Jordanias
mier. wg. 3. Tb. 1967.
13. cqitiSvili z. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo moRvaweni XVIII s. II nax-
evari XIX s. damdegi. Tb. 1980
14. Akti Kavkazskoq Arxeografiheskoi komisiq Tom.I.Tif 1866 .
15. Cagareli A.Gramoti I Drugie istoriheskie dokument] XIX stoleti\
otnos\[is\ k Gruzii Tom. I. Sbr.1898
16. quTaisis istoriuli muzeumi.istoriuli sabuTebi: #100, 118, 131,
qim. s.m.77. SoTa burjanaZe. solomon I (politikuri mimoxil-
125
va) istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis xarisxis mosapoveblad
warmodgenili sadisertacio naSromi. Tb. 1948.
17. 775. saqarTvelos centraluri saistorio arqivi, fondi 1451s.
#16, f.1448 s. #2167.
Solomon I's religious policy and the prohibition of slave trade
Levan Tkeshelashvili
Among the monarchs of Bagrationi Dynasty one can name numerous dig-
nified kings and among them it is noteworthy to mention Solomon I, King of
Imereti who worked and lived in XVIII century. By his persistent and deliberate
actions he saved the endangered country. In spite of the hardest foreign and
internal political situation he proceeded three decades imbued with Christian
world view ideology, and directly opposed the Ottoman largest Empire, which
for the time being had captured more than one third of the Georgian territory.
In addition to the Ottoman's threat, Georgia was being destroyed by the ac-
tions of the unfaithful noblemen, as the existence of the powerful king on the
throne was unacceptable to them and at the same time they were involved in
"slave trade" which especially weakened West Georgia. In this hardest period
a 17- years-old King Solomon I gets the throne and instead of support their
own family members confront him, including his grandfather - Levan Abashid-
ze, mother – Tamar Abashidze and uncles - Mamuka Abashidze and Giorgi
Bagrationi. Despite so many hardships, the young king was able to overcome
all these obstacles and saved the country from destruction. Numerous impor-
tant issues on the stint of Solomon I have not been explored yet, the general
public is unaware of the hero king's greatest merit before the nation, the king
who had the honor to be called "the Other Builder" (second after ‘David the
Builder’) and " the Light of Christians' " by his contemporaries.
126
Solomon I cared much for the restoration of churches and for making them
prettier. As a number of churches had been destroyed to the ground by the
Ottomans, and in the majority of them church service was abolished. Scat-
tered and captured were the estates of the Church and they no longer had
the material and economic ability to perform their function. Through his policy
King Solomon was able to find and return the the captured estates to the
Church, which gave the Church the possibility to support King Solomon in the
struggle against the enemy. In this sense, the Church is especially important
in the struggle against the ‘slave trade’.
With his determination and tenacity Solomon I was able to eliminate the
nobleman enriched by making problems to other people. King Solomon was
still young when he dared to do what his predecessors had not been able to
do - soon after his coronation he banned the ‘slave trade’ and thus made
himself be confronted by the noblemen who were involved in this case as the
‘slave trade’ was a good source of income for them for years and this caused
their dissatisfaction. King Solomon also made himself be confronted by the
main customer -the Ottoman Empire for it was in the interests of the Impire
to restore the ‘slave trade’ in West Georgia.
127
qristianobis gavrcelebis istoriidan raWaSi
malxaz mururiZe
saqarTvelos ulamazes kuTxes raWas uaRresad mdidari qristian-

uli cxovrebis gza aqvs ganvlili. marTlmadidebeli eklesiis orga-
nizacia da sasuliero cxovrebis dawyeba am regionSi sakmaod adreul
epoqaSi unda momxdariyo. samwuxarod, wyaroTa uaRresi simciris
gamo bevr sakiTxze jerovani pasuxis gacema ver xerxdeba da amitom
varaudebis doneze gviwevs msjeloba. cxadia, upirvelesi amocana,
romelic am SemTxvevaSi mkvlevaris winaSe iCens Tavs, mdgomareobs
Semdegi sakiTxebis garkvevaSi:
1. ra droidan vrceldeba qristianoba raWaSi.
2. saidan aris qristianoba Sesuli raWaSi.
3. vis eqvemdebareboda axladCamoyalibebuli raWis eklesia qris-
tianobis adreul saukuneebSi: konstantinopolis sapatriar-
qoze daqvemdebarebul dasavleT saqarTvelos (lazikis) epar-
qiebs, Tu mcxeTis (aRmosavleT saqarTvelos) sakaTalikosos.
aRniSnuli sakiTxebis garkvevisaTvis didi mniSvneloba eniWeba imis
dadgenas, Tu vis SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda raWa politikurad CvenT-
vis saintereso epoqaSi: egrisis Tu qarTlis samefos. amitom pirvel
rigSi, SevecdebiT Cvens xelT arsebuli wyaroebisa da am sakiTxze
sxvadasxva mkvlevarTa mier gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis moSveliebiT
aRniSnuli problema gavaanalizoT. am mxriv, mkvlevarebi yuradRebas
aqceven strabonis cnobas, romlis mixedviTac mdinare fazisi (rioni)
iberiidan kolxeTSi moedineba: “kolxeTidan unda iaro viwro mTeb-
Si, sadac miedineba mdinare fazisi, romelzedac agebulia 120 xidi.
es mdinare iberiidan kolxeTSi eSveba“. (Geografi\ Strabona, 1879, str.
510). goCa guguSvili am cnobasTan dakavSirebiT aRniSnavs: “mdinare
fazisi, igive rioni, saTaves centraluri kavkasionis mTidan - fasis
mTidan iRebs. amJamad es mTa raWas ekuTvnis, amdenad mdinare rio-
nis saTavec da misi zemo welic raWaSi mdebareobs. wyaros mixedviT,
128
rioni iberiidan moedineba. gamodis, rom Tanamedrove raWis teri-
toria imxanad iberiis Semadgenel nawilad, xolo fazisis xeobaSi
mcxovrebni iberebad iTvlebodnen.“ (guguSvili, 2003, 57). Tumca unda
aRiniSnos is garemoebac, rom straboniseul mdinare fazisSi dRes
mdinare rioni da misi Senakadi yvirila ivaraudeba (cqitiSvili, 1955,
308), rac arTulebs am cnobis pirdapir gamoyenebas raWis, rogorc
qarTlis samefos SemadgenlobaSi myofi teritoriis, dasadasture-
blad. magram miuxedavad amisa, Cveni azriT, am cnobas CvenTvis sain-
tereso sakiTxis gasaSuqeblad mainc gaaCnia garkveuli mniSvneloba.
Tuki straboniseul fazisSi mdinare yvirilas vigulisxmebT, maSin
gamodis, rom argveTis teritoria qarTlis samefos SemadgenlobaSia,
vinaidan mdinare yvirila argveTis teritoriaze moedineba. qarTuli
wyaroebis Cvenebis mixedviT ki xSirad raWa da argveTi erT admin-
istraciul erTeuls warmoadgenda. magaliTad, juanSeris mixedviT,
vaxtang gorgasalis dros raWas da argveTs erTi erisTavi, bakuri,
ganagebda (qarTlis cxovreba, 1955, 185) aseve Zalzed sainteresoa
vaxuStis Semdegi cnobac: “pirvelad iyo raWa Sorapnis saerisTo,
merme iqmna TviT saerisTod“ (vaxuSti bagrationi, 1973, 770). aqedan
gamomdinare ki, SeiZleboda varaudis daSveba, rom raWac iberiis
Semadgeneli nawilia.
istorikosi Teimuraz miqelaZe yuradRebas aqcevs prokopi kes-
arielis cnobas, romlis mixedviTac: “...mosxebi sadRac raWa-leCxu-
mis mTebSi cxovrobdnen da ara im qveyanaSi, romelsac Cveulebriv,
mesxeTs uwodeben. amaze naTlad miuTiTebs cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom
mesxebis mTebiT moedineba fazisi, romelsac saTave kavkasiis mTebSi
aqvs da rom mesxebis mTebic kavkasiis mTebamde grZeldeba...am cno-
baSi rom fazisi rions udris, es sruliad udavoa. prokopi pirdapir
miuTiTebs, fazisi pontos erTvis naxevarmTvara napiris SuaSio“ ma-
Sasadame, sruliad cxadia, rom mesxur tomebs ax. w. pirvel saukunee-
bSi Tanamedrove raWa-leCxumi ekavaT“ (miqelaZe, 1974, 9, 22).

129
raWis kuTvnilebis Sesaxeb pirdapir Cvenebas juanSerTan vxvdeb-
iT. igi vaxtang gorgasalis erisTavebs Soris asaxelebs: “samnaRir
erisTavi Sida egrisa da suaneTisa da bakur erisTavi margvisa da
Takuerisa“. (“qarTlis cxovreba“, 1955, 185). es aSkara mowmobaa imisa,
rom Takveri (raWa-leCxumi) am dros qarTlis samefos Semadgenlo-
baSia. cxadia, vaxtang gorgaslis dros am teritoriebis politi-
kur aTvisebasTan erTad, maTi eklesiuri daqvemdebarebis sakiTxic
daismeboda da savsebiT bunebrivi iqneboda Tu vifiqrebdiT, rom
isini mcxeTis sakaTalikosis SemadgenlobaSi Sesuliyo. miTumetes,
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom vaxtangi sakmaod aqtiur saeklesio poli-
tikas axorcielebs da mis dros araerTi axali saepiskoposo daarsda.
am mxriv, Cvens yuradrebas ipyrobs vaxuStis Semdegi cnoba: “liaxus
gaRma ars niqozs eklesia RvTaebisa didi, gumbaTiani, aRaSena gor-
gasal da dadva mas Sina guami wmidisa raJdenisa. munve gorgasal hyo
saepiskoposod da dasua episkopozi; zis dResac mwyemsi kavkasianTa,
dualTa da aw oseTad wodebulisa, glola-RebiTurT“ (vaxuSti bagra-
tioni, 1973, 370). aRsaniSnavia, rom niqozelis samwyso uSualod es-
azRvreba raWis teritorias, amitom gvebadeba frTxili varaudi: xom
ar dauqvemdebarebda vaxtang gorgasali raWas eklesiurad niqozel
episkoposs?
qarTlis samefos SemadgenlobaSi eguleba raWa nikoloz berZeniS-
vilsac. rogorc pativcemuli mkvlevari SeniSnavs: “...moxda ise, rom
dasavleT saqarTvelos didi nawili qarTis xelT aRmoCnda. daipyres
da skande-Sorapanma ver SeaCera qarTis eqspansia...raWa misi rkinis
sabadoebiT argveTTan erTad xelT igdes (erTi saerisTavo). arsaidan
ar Cans, rom raWa lazTa mefis xelSia, vTqvaT VI saukuneSi, roca
quTaisi jer kidev lazikaSia. (berZeniSvili, 1990, 249). analogiur
mosazrebas aviTarebs daviT musxeliSvilic. mimoixilavs ra saqarT-
velos teritoriaze sasanuri monetebis gavrcelebis areals, mkvl-
evari askvnis: “Zveli qarTlis samefos provinciis, argveTis terito-
130
riaze sasanuri monetebis didi raodenobiT aRmoCena unda mowmobdes,
rom iseve rogorc ufro adre, axlac VII saukunis I naxevarSi es teri-
toria qarTls miekuTvneba, qarTlis saerismTavroSi Semodis. (musx-
eliSvili, 1980, 16). analogiuri viTareba unda yofiliyo IV saukune-
Sic, rodesac qarTlSi qristianoba saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadda.
es procesi raWaSic qarTlis Tanadroulad da TaosnobiT unda ganx-
orcielebuliyo. aRniSnuli mosazreba pirvelad mkvlevarma giorgi
boWoriZem gamoTqva. igi fiqrobda, rom rogorc raWaSi, aseve leCx-
umSic qristianoba aRmosavleT saqarTvelodan, kerZod ki mcxeTidan,
iyo Sesuli. amis damadastureblad mkvlevars miaCnda raWis sofel
joisubanSi mcxeTis wmida giorgis saxelobis eklesiis arseboba: “Ze-
glis saxelwodeba “mcxeTis“ da Rrma siZvele misi naSTebis, sabuTs
gvaZlevs vTqvaT, rom qristianoba am kuTxeSi qarTlis mcxeTas unda
Semoetana, ukanasknels aq hqonia Tavis kera-metoqi da misi saSuale-
biT gauvrcelebia Tavisi kultura mTel kuTxeSi. ara Tu marto ra-
WaSi Seutania qristianoba mcxeTas, aramed mis mezobel leCxumSic.
iq arsebobs sofeli mcxeTa, sadac dgas gumbaTiani eklesia... orive
es garemoeba, e.i. “mcxeTis“ arseboba raWaSi da leCxumSi cxadyofs,
rom qristianoba am kuTxeebSi aRmosavleTidan, mcxeTidan Sesula“
(boWoriZe, 1994, 52-53 ).
aRniSnuli mosazrebis damamtkiceblad goCa guguSvils aseve miaC-
nia raWis sofel sxierSi mirianeuli uZravi wmida giorgis eklesiis
arseboba (guguSvili, 2003, 56).
yovelive zemoTqmulidan logikurad gamomdinareobs daskvna, rom
Tu raWaSi qristianoba aRmosavleT saqarTvelodan gavrcelda, maSin
eparqiuladac igi mcxeTis sakaTalikosos iurisdiqciaSi unda vigu-
lisxmoT. am mxriv, uaRresad sainteresoa daviT musxeliSvilis Sem-
degi mosazreba. mkvlevari yuradRebas aqcevs im faqts, rom: “VII-IX
saukuneebis bizantiur noticiebSi, sadac CamoTvlilia konstanti-
nopolis sapatriarqos daqvemdebarebuli lazikis eparqiis fasidis
131
samitropolitos oTxi saepiskoposo kaTedra, mxolod erTi rodop-
olisis (varcixis) kaTedraa, romelic qveynis SigniTaa, danarCeni sami
ki, samitropolitosTan erTad an zRvispirisaa: fasidi (foTi), petra
(cixisZiri), ziganevi (gudayva), anda arcTu ise moSorebiT zRvisagan
-saisini\ saisi (caiSi). rogorc vxedavT, mTel im vrcel teritori-
aze, romelic moicavs swored vake imereTs, argveTis udides nawils
raWa-leCxumianad, arc erTi bizantiuri saepiskoposo kaTedra ar
moixsenieba. es garemoeba ar unda iyos umizezo da, amdenad, yove-
live zemoTqmuli gvaiZulebs vifiqroT, rom am teritoriaze ukve
maSin (VII-IX saukuneebSi) mcxeTis kaTalikosis iurisdiqcia vrcelde-
boda qarTuli eniT, qarTuli mwignobrobiTa da, aqedan gamomdinare,
yvela Rrma SedegebiT. (musxeliSvili, 1980, 151).
raWis eklesiis eparqiuli kuTvnilebis sakiTxs Tavis sadiserta-
cio naSromSi Seexo buba kudava. mas miaCnia, rom: “dasavleT saqarT-
velos mTian regionSi (svaneTi, leCxumi, raWa) qristianoba naklebad
gavrcelebuli iyo, amitom iq konstantinopolis sapatriarqoze
daqvemdebarebis periodSi romelime kaTedris iurisdiqcia Zalze
susti an nominaluri iqneboda. igi asaxelebs aseTi “patronaJis“ mqone
or eparqias: 1. “raWa-leCxumi da SesaZloa qvemo svaneTic sakuTriv
fazisis mitropolitis samwyso iyo“; 2. “Tumca arc isaa gamoricxuli,
rom msgavsad argveTisa, raWa-leCxumSic rodopolisis iurisdiqcia
gavrcelebuliyo“. (mWedliZe: 2008, 82). buba kudavas mier gamoTqmul
am mosazrebebs gamoexmaura Tavis naSromSi mkvlevari giorgi mWedl-
iZe. pativcemulma istorikosma aRniSna, rom “...radgan fazisidan
teritoriuli daSoreba da am regionebs Soris ramdenime eparqiis
arseboba pirvel varauds TiTqmis gamoricxavs, Cven meores sasarge-
blod vixrebiT“ (aqve pativcemulma mkvlevarma savsebiT marTebulad
gaakritika mosazreba dasavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi qristianobis
naklebad gavrcelebis Sesaxeb) (iqve, 2008, 82). Tumca iqve, naSromSi,
giorgi mWedliZem wamoayena sxva varaudic: mimoixila ra aRniSnul
132
sakiTxze arsebuli monacemebi, man gamoTqva Semdegi mosazreba: “...
gamoricxuli ar aris, CvenTvis saintereso droisaTvis (VIII saukunis
60-iani wlebi) dasavleT saqarTvelos aRmosavleT seqtori (argve-
Ti da raWa-leCxumi) politikurad qarTlis erismTavarze yofiliyo
damokidebuli da amdenad, eklesiuradac igi mcxeTis kaTalikosis
iurisdiqciaSi aRmoCeniliyo. (mWedliZe, 2008, 83). marTlac, raWis
eklesiaze fazisis mitropolitis gavlena rom ver gavrceldeboda,
Tundac geografiuli faqtoridan gamomdinare, es cxadia da amaze
msjelobas aRar gavagrZelebT. rac Seexeba rodopolisis episkop-
oss, rogorc giorgi mWedliZem Tavis naSromSi gaarkvia, bizantiuri
saepiskoposoebis qarTuliT “mocvlis“ Semdeg, misi memkvidre quTai-
sis eparqia unda yofiliyo. aqedan gamomdinare, raWa rom rodopoli-
sis episkoposis sagamgebloSi yofiliyo, am teritorias samwyemsavad
aucileblad miiRebda misi memkvidre quTaTeli episkoposi. vaxuSti
bagrationis cnobidan ki Cven viciT, rom quTaisis saepiskoposos
iurisdiqcia raWaze ar vrceldeboda. ase rom, arc rodopolisis
episkoposis xelqveSeT ar unda yofiliyo es teritoria da, Cveni
azriT, ufro marTebulia is mosazreba, romlis mixedviTac, raWis
eklesia mcxeTis kaTalikosis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda.
rac Seexeba meore sakiTxs, Tu ra droidan vrceldeba qristianoba
CvenTvis saintereso regionSi, mkvlevari goCa guguSvili saqarT-
veloSi mociqulTa moRvaweobis Sesaxeb arsebuli wyaroebis istori-
uli da geografiuli analizis Sedegad gamoTqvams mosazrebas, rom
wmida andria pirvelwodebuls sxva kuTxeebTan erTad qristianuli
sarwmunoeba raWaSic unda eqadaga. am mxriv istorikosi yuradRebas
aqcevs andria pirvelwodebulis cxovrebidan Semdeg cnobas: “netarma
mociqulma andriam damoZRvra skviTebi da sogdianebi da gorsinebi
dids sebastopolisSi, sadac aris afsaris cixe, hossos navsadguri
da mdinare fazisi, iq mosaxleoben iberielebi, susebi, fustulebi da
alanebi “. (guguSvili, 2003: 57). goCa guguSvils SesaZleblad miaCnia,
133
rom aq moxseniebuli fusta d fustulebi gavaigivoT dRes raWaSi ar-
sebul toponim futieTTan. am mxriv, mkvlevari aseve eyrdnoba meore
argumentsac: am periodis wyaroebis Cvenebis mixedviT, mdinare fa-
zisi (rioni) iberiidan kolxeTSi miedineba. rogorc cnobilia, mdin-
are rioni fasis mTidan iRebs saTaves, romelic dRes raWaSia. gamo-
dis rom, imdroindeli wyaroebis gagebiT raWa iberiis nawilia. erTi
cnobis mixedviT ki, wmida andriam fazisis xeobis mosaxleoba-iberebi
gaaqristiana. aqac goCa guguSvili wmida andrias raWaSi moRvaweobis
kvals xedavs. (guguSvili, 2003:57). unda aRiniSnos, rom gamoTqmulia
sawinaaRmdego mosazrebac, romlis mixedviTac toponim fustas lo-
kalizeba sul sxva adgilas: “afsilisa da misimianeTis“ mxareSi xdeba.
(yauxCiSvili, georgika, IV, nakveTi I:54). mkvlevar jambul qaSibaZe-
sac miaCnia, rom goCa guguSvilis zemomoyvanili mosazreba termin
fustas raWaSi lokalizebis Sesaxeb mcdaria. igi wmida andria mo-
ciqulis saqarTveloSi mesame mogzaurobis marSruts Semdegnairad
gansazRvravs wmida mociquli“ edesidan Semodis qarTlSi (iberiaSi
Woroxis xeobaSi). samegrelodan, Cans, enguris xeobis ayolebiT
svaneTSi miemgzavreba, saidanac kodoris xeobaSi (misimianeT-alanSi)
gadadis. kodoris xeobidan abazgiaSi (afxazeTSi) Cadis, aqedan ki
miemgzavreba yirimis naxevarkunZulze, qalaq bosforSi“ (qaSibaZe,
2009, 75). aqve unda aRiniSnos isic, rom rogorc mkvlevarebi aRi-
areben, wmida andria pirvelwodebulis marSruti jer kidev ar aris
dazustebuli. (bubulaSvili, 2007:179). Cvenc migvaCnia, rom wmida
mociqulis saqarTveloSi moRvaweobis Sesaxeb arsebuli wyaroebi ar
iZleva misi marSrutis arealis dawvrilebiT gansazRvris saSualebas
da saerTod ar gvgonia, rom wmida andrias da mis mowafeebs aseTi
mkacrad gansazRvruli marSruti hqonodaT, romlidan gadaxvevac
ar SeiZleboda. am process, Cveni azriT, ufro masStaburad unda
SevxedoT. wmida andria pirvelwodebulis (da misi mowafeebis) mizani
iyo RvTismSoblis wilxvedr saqarTveloSi qristianuli moZRvrebis
134
qadageba. cxadia, isini dasavleT saqarTveloSi qadagebisas dro-
dadro SeCerdebodnen da sxvadasxva kuTxeebsac moivlidnen (rasac
ase dawvrilebiT Semdgom epoqebSi Sedgenili wyaroebi ver daafiq-
sirebdnen) maSin, rodesac wmida andria da misi mowafeebi aqristiane-
ben svaneTsa da mis mTavars, afxazeTs, egriss, erT-erTi mociquli
mataTa Tavis mowafeebiT amis Semdegac rCeba dasavleT saqarTvelo-
Si da aq araerT saswauls moaxdens. Cven SeuZleblad migvaCnia, rom am
procesebidan amovardnili yofiliyo svaneTis mezobeli mxare raWa,
da rom mociqulebis an maTi mowafeebis sityva am mxaresac ar miswv-
domoda. ase rom, miuxedavad imisa, gvawvdian Tu ara mociqulTa Ses-
axeb arsebuli mwiri da bundovani wyaroebi konkretul informacias
raWaSi maTi yofnis Sesaxeb, Cven am movlenis mizandasaxulobidan da
masStaburobidan gamomdinare savsebiT dasaSvebad migvaCnia varaudis
gamoTqma, rom raWaSi qristianuli moZRvreba dasavleT saqarTvelo-
Si mociqulTa moRvaweobis droidan vrceldeba.
gamoyenebuli literatura da wyaroebi:

1. v.bagrationi, aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa, “qarTlis cxovreba“,
tomi IV, teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviT
s.yauxCiSvilis mier, Tb.1973w.
2. n.berZeniSvili, saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi, Tbilisi, 1994.
3. g.boWoriZe, raWa-leCxumis istoriuli Zeglebi da siZveleni, Tbili-
si, 1994.
4. e.bubulaSvili, saqarTvelos eklesiis siwmindeebi, Tbilisi, 2007.
5. g.guguSvili, nikorwmindis eparqia, “ornati, 2003, #1.
6. g.mWedliZe, m. kezevaZe, quTais-gaenaTis eparqia, quTaisi, 2008.
7. T.miqelaZe, Ziebani kolxeTisa da samxreT-aRmosavleT SavizRvi-
spireTis uZvelesi mosaxleobis istoriidan, Tbilisi, 1974.
135
8. d.musxeliSvili saqarTvelos istoriuli geografiis ZiriTadi
sakiTxebi, t. II, Tbilisi, 1980 w.
9. qarTlis cxovreba, teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris
mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier, tomi I, Tbilisi, 1955.
10. j. qaSibaZe, n. cagareiSvili, wm. andria pirvelwodebulis mimosvlis
sakiTxisaTvis, quTaisis saxelmwifo istoriuli muzeumis Sromebi,
kreb. XVIII, quTaisi, 2008, 73-76.
11. g.cqitiSvili, iberiis sapitiaxSos sakiTxisaTvis lixTimereTSi, is-
toriis institutis Sromebi, I,Tb. 1955w
12. Geografi\ Strabona v semnadcati knigax, Moskva, 1879.
The Spread of Christianity in the History of Racha
Malkhaz Murusidze
The article discusses some of the issues related to the history of the Church
in Racha: 1. When Christianity begins to spread in Racha. 2. The place from
where Christianity was spread to Racha. 3. Who was the newly established
church of Racha in the early stages of development subordinated to.
After reviewing the sources and the relevant literature, the author comes
to the conclusion that in Racha Christianity begins to spread in the Apostolic
Age. It is also suggested that the Christian religion must have been brought
to Racha from eastern Georgia and was subordinated to the Catholicosate
of Kartli.
136
wminda ioane zedaznelis moRvaweobis
zogierTi sakiTxi
grigol bendeliani
wminda ioane zedaznelisa da misi mowafeebis Sesaxeb mraval mkvl-

evars aqvs samecniero naSromi gamoqveynebuli, maT Soris, wminda ar-
qimadrit grigols (feraZe), m. broses, m. janaSvils, iv. javaxiSvils,
k. kekeliZes, s. kakabaZes, il. abulaZes, n. mars; TanamedroveTagan _
mitropolit ananias (jafariZe), d. merkvilaZes, v. goilaZes da sxv.
kvlevis ZiriTadi sagani iyo: maTi mosvlis TariRi, erovneba, aRm-
sarebloba da saqarTvelos eklesiis ganviTarebaSi Setanili wvlili.
garda am sakiTxebisa, Cven gansakuTrebul yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT
wminda ioanes asketur Rvawlze, rasac aseve cdilobda wminda grigol
feraZe, Tumca mas mxolod sabininis mier gamocemuli asureli mam-
ebis metafrastuli redaqcia hqonda xelT.
wminda ioane zedaznelis cxovrebis redaqciebis Sesaxeb il. abu-
laZe aRniSnavda: sabininma wminda ioanes cxovreba Tavis „saqarT-
velos samoTxeSi“ 1882 wels gamoaqveyna. am krebulSi wminda ioanes
cxovrebis teqsti amoRebulia qarTvel wmidaTa wameba-cxovrebaTa
krebulidan, romelic ukavSirdeba domenti kaTalikozis saxels.
aRniSnuli naSromi avtors 1704-1713 ww.-Si Seudgenia da masSi Seuta-
nia ioane zedaznelis iseTi redaqcia, romelic winaT sakmaod gavr-
clebuli yofila CvenSi. es redaqcia metafrastuli xasiaTisaa.
xelnawerTa Soris ioane zedaznelis cxovrebis sxva variantebic
arsebobs. 1901 wels T. Jordanias mier Sedgenil saeklesio muzeu-
mis manuskriptTa aRwerilobaSi, kerZod 199-e xelnawerSi. es nusxa
yvelaze uwinares ganixila k. kekeliZem, romelic SemdegSi 1928 w.
gamoaqveyna s. kakabaZem. k. kekeliZec da s. kakabaZec cxovrebis am re-
daqcias arqetipad miiCneven, romlisganac SemdgomSi Seiqmna metafra-
stuli redaqcia, anu sabininis mier gamocemuli naSromi.
137
arsebobs kidev ioane zedaznelis cxovrebis erTi varianti. is
daculia anaseuli qarTlis cxovrebis nusxaSi (XV s.). misi arseboba
pirvelad samecniero literaturaSi iv. javaxiSvilma aRniSna. man aR-
moaCina qarTlis cxovrebis es nusxa 1913 wels. aRniSnuli cxovre-
ba levan menabdem gamosca (abulaZe.1955: 9-15). samwuxarod, es te-
qsti srulad ar aris Cvenamde moRweuli da wminda ioanes cxovrebis
Txroba bolomde ar aris gadmocemuli.
Tu ras warmoadgens erTmaneTTan mimarTebiT wminda ioane zedazne-
lis cxovrebis dasaxelebuli redaqciebi da romeli maTgania uZve-
lesi, amis Sesaxeb ilia abulaZe werda: „qarTlis cxovrebis“ anaseul
nusxaSi daculi cxovrebis vrceli teqstidan momdinareobs mokle,
e.i. svinaqsaruli redaqcia. sxvanairad, rom vTqvaT, vrceli teqsti
uSualod gamosulia cxovrebis wignis gamomTqmelis xelidan, xolo
mokle am vrcelisgan warmomavlobs“. abulaZes azriT, am naSromTa
Soris arqetipad aucileblad anaseuli nusxa unda miviCnioT, ro-
melic uSalod arsen meore kaTalikosis (955-980 ww.) dawerili Tx-
zulebaa, romlidan TviT mokle, anu svinaqasaruli redaqcia aris
warmomdgari. (iqve: 23). anu anaseuli redqaciisganaa Seqmnili svi-
naqsaruli saxis cxovreba, romlisgan Seiqmna sabininis mier gamo-
qveynebuli metafrastuli redaqcia.
aqedan gamomdinare, wminda ioanes cxovrebis aRwerisas anaseul
redaqcias daveyrdnobiT. TumcaRa arc sxva xsenebul redaqciebsac
davtovebT yuraRebis miRma.
anaseuli qarTlis cxovrebis nusxaSi dacul cxovrebas vrceli
Sesavali uZRvis win. saidanac vgebulobT, rom agiografisTvis zedaz-
nis monastris winamZRvars miqels (miqaels) uTxovia, aRewera wminda
ioane zedaznelis cxovreba im mizeziT, rom upirvelesad, daviwyebas
ar miscemoda didi moZRvris saTnoebani da, meorec, mis saTnoebebTan
gacnobiT, mkiTxvelsa Tu msmenels sulis sargebeli mieRo. aRniSnuli
naSromis Sedgenisas, avtors _ arsen kaTlikoss xelT hqonia Semdegi
138
wyaroebi: 1) miqaelisgan gamogzavnili „wulili qartai“, sadac cno-
bebi iyo wmindanis Sesaxeb; 2) mokiTxuli cnobebi (TanamedroveTagan)
gamokiTxuli cnobebi ioanesTvis, misi mowafeebisa da maTi moRvaweo-
bis adgilis Sesaxeb, da 3) wignebidan amokrebili masala (iqve: 11-12).
aseve, naSromSi avtori aRniSnavs, rom netaris adrindeli cxovreba
da saqmeni pirvel wignSi weria da CvenTvis sasixaruloa misi meored
aRwera. anu avtori cdilobs Zveli naSromis Sevsebas sxvadasxva cno-
bebiT, cdilobs, moipovos oqros marcvlebi da Semdeg Seqmnas oqros
WurWeli anu cxovreba wminda ioane zedaznelisa. amdenad, wminda io-
anes cxovreba manamde iyo aRwerili, xolo arsenma misi Sevseba da ga-
naxleba itvirTa. amis Sesaxeb e. gabiZaSvili wers: arsen kaTalikos-
ma dawera ioane zedaznelis cxovreba, romelic aerTianebda iovane
zedaznelis, Sio mRvimelis, daviT garejelis „cxovrebebs“ da abibos
nekreselis wamebas. xolo asurel mamaTa Sesaxeb Seqmnili danarCeni
Zeglebi dasaxelebuli Txzulebebis safuZvelze TiToeuli moRvawis
Sesaxeb cal-calke dawerili gviandeli metafrasuli da svinaqsaru-
li xasiaTis Txzulebebia (gabiZaSvili.2011: 88).
aqve aRvniSnavT, rom 1975 wels sinas mTaze wminda ekaterines mon-
asterSi aRmoCenili iqna meaTe saukuneSi gadawerili erTi xelnaweri,
romelSic gadmocemulia wminda ioane zedaznelis cxovreba da wmin-
da abibos nekreselis wameba. wminda ioane zedaznelis cxovrebis te-
qstSi CarTulia zedaznis winamZRvarTa qronologiuri sia, zedaznis
jvrisa da daviT garejis monasterTa saganZurisa da biblioTekis aR-
werilobani. es nusxa Znelad xelmisawvdomia, misi gamokvleva fran-
gulenovania da sakmaod rTuli wasakiTxia. (merkvilaZe.2006: 10-11).
samwuxarod, am xelnaweris asli CvenTvis xelmiuwvdomelia.
asurel mamaTa qarTlSi SemobrZanebam asaxva hpova Zvel qar-
Tul matianeebSi - „moqcevai qarTlisai“ -Si da „vaxtang gorgaslis
cxovrebis“ gagrZelebaSi. „swavlul kacTa“ mier XVII s.-is dasawyisSi
axal „qarTlis cxovrebaSi“ sxva damatebebTan erTad, Setanilia io-
139
ane zedaznelisa da misi Tanxmlebi zogierTi mamis cxovrebis epizo-
debic. asurel mamaTa Rvawls aseve, oriode sityviT exeba vaxuSti
batoniSvili (iqve: 17-18).
wminda ioanes cxovrebis garkveul detalebs misi mowafeebis
cxovrebaTa aRwerilobebidanac vigebT. amitomac wmindanis cxovrebis
gadmosacemad yvela arsebul wyaros gamoviyenebT.
aRsaniSnavia, rom levan abaSiZes redaqtorobiT ramdenime tomad
gamoica „qarTuli hagiografiuli Zeglebi“, sadac originalur te-
qstebTan erTad sxvadasxva mkvlevaris mier Sesrulebuli teqstebis
Tanamedrove qarTuli Targmanebicaa Sesuli. aRniSnuli naSromi sak-
maod sainteresoa CvenTvis, amitomac wminda ioanes cxovrebis gad-
mocemisas Tanamedrove Targmansac viyenebT, romelic il. abulaZes
mier miCneul arqetipis paralelurad aris gadmocemuli Targmanis
avtorebiა eqvTime koWlamazaSvili da maia areSiZe . arqetipis Txro-
basa da citirebas aRniSnuli naSromidan vaxdenT. xolo sabininis naS-
romis citirebas ki misi „saqarTvelos samoTxidan“, romelic xelax-
la gamoica aw gansvenebuli mitropolitis Tadeozis (ioramaSvili)
locva-kurTxeviTa da batoni g. kalandaZis iniciativiT.
wminda ioane zedaznelis cxovrebis TxrobaSi, rogorc Sesaval
nawilSi, ise Semdegac, mravlad aris avtoriseuli Segonebani, rom-
lis citirebasac Cven ar vaxdenT. wmindanis cxovrebis aRwerisas
SevexebiT misi cxovrebis im monakveTebs, romlebic misi moRvaweobis
istoriul da asketur mniSvnelobas warmoaCens.
wminda ioane zedaznelis cxovrebis aRwera Semdegi saxiT aris
dasaTaurebuli: „cxorebai wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa iovane zedaZneli-
sai. romeli brZanebiTa RmrTisaiTa da winamZRurobiTa sulisa wmidi-
saiTa moivlina queyaniT SuamdinariT queyanad qarTlisa aTormet-
Ta mowafeTa misTa wmidaTa Tana.“ iqve miTiTebulia, rom aRniSnuli
cxovreba „ganaaxla da ganavrco wmidaman mamaman Cuenman qristesmier
arseni kaTalikozman“ (qarTuli hagiografiuli Zeglebi.2008: 20).
140
aRniSnulidan naTlad ikveTeba, rom wminda ioanes saqarTveloSi mos-
vla suliwmidis mowodebiT iyo nakrnaxevi, rasac wmindani daemor-
Cila da mowafeebTan erTad saqarTveloSi Camovida.
misi mosvlis TariRTan dakavSirebiT juanSeri wers, rom wminda
ioane qarTlis 37-e mefis, farsmanis dros movida, rodesac qarT-
lis kaTalikosi evlaTi (evlale, an evlaviosi g. b.) iyo. kaTalikos
evlales periodSi asureli mamebis mosvla dadasturebulia wminda
Sio mRvimelis metafrastul cxovrebaSic, sadac aRniSnulia, rom
kaTalikosi asurel mamebs mosvlisTanave xvdeba. iqve dasaxelebulni
arian misi mowafeebi, kerZod, „daviT garesjeli, stefane xirseli,
ioseb alaverdeli, zenon iyalToeli, antoni marto-myofeli, ise
wilkneli, TaTe stefanwmideli, Sio mRvimeli, isidore samTavneli,
abibos nekreseli, miqel ulumboeli, piros breTeli da elia dia-
koni. mravalni sxuani-c daemowafnes wmidasa mas mamasa, kacni wmidani
da sulierni mamani dahyuneT JamisaTa“ (qarTlis cxovreba, juanSeri,
„cxovreba vaxtang gorgaslisa“.). aRniSnul CamonaTvalSi wminda io-
anes garda kidev 13 mama aris moxseniebuli, anu sul maTi ricxvi 14
aRwevs, 13 asureli mamis gverdiT elia (ilia) diakonic aris moxse-
niebuli, romelic wminda ioane zedaznelis cxovrebaSi Cndeba. aseve
aRsaniSnavia, rom aRniSnul teqstSi miTiTebulia, rom wminda ioanes
qarTlSi mravali daemowafa. aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba vifiqroT,
rom wminda elia saqarTveloSi damowafebul mamaTa Soris erT-erTi
pirvelia. wminda ioanes cxovrebaSi igi aqtiurad Cans ukve mas Semdeg,
rac wminda ioane mowafeebs sxvadasxva mxareSi uSvebs saqadageblad.
k. kekeliZe miiCnevda, rom asureli mamebi saqarTveloSi 4 jgufad
Camovidnen, 520-571 wlebis perodSi (kekeliZe.1926: 98-102). mis am mo-
sazrebas nawilobriv iziarebs iv. javaxiSvili, romelic SesaZleblad
miiCnevda, rom asureli mamebi sxvadasxva drois monakveTSi Camosu-
liyvnen saqarTveloSi: „asureli mamebi yvelani erTad da erT dros
ar unda iyvnen mosuli, aramed pirvelad daviT garejelia gamomgza-
141
vrebuli, romelic egebis V s-is damlevsac ki iyos mosuli, Semdeg
ioane zedazneli Tavisi mowafeebiTurT - VI s-is Sua wlebSi. daax-
loebiT amave dros, magram, etyoba, damoukidebliv mosulad Cans an-
ton martyofeli“ (javaxiSvili.1979: 409-410).
rac Seexeba wminda ioanes biografias, igi SuamdinareTidan iyo da
suliwmidis winamZRvrobiT movida qarTlis qveyanaSi, mcxeTis siax-
loves. man Tavisi Tavi siyrmidanve qristes miuZRvna. ganmartovda
da „dayudna“ anu daeyuda, Tavisave qveyanaSi. asureTSi, „iwyo mona-
zonebad“. cxovrobda simdabliT, marxviTa da mRviZarebiT, cremliTa
da vedrebiT. SromiTa da moTminebiT dRiTi dRe waremateboda, raTa
srulyofilebisaTvis mieRwia. igi, ise ganaTlda rom mWvretelobis
niWi miemadla „mSorebelsa mas, viTarca mas maxlobelsa, xedvida“,
aseve hqonda niWebi mravalgvar senTa kurnebisa da borot sulTa
gandevnisa (qarTuli hagiografiuli Zeglebi.2008: 38).
„ese viTarni ra sak¢ruHlebani aResrulebodes mis mier, movides
missa yovliT kerZo xilvad da kurTxevisa miRebad misgan, rameTu
ganiTqua ambavi misi yovelsa quHyanasa asureTisasa, saswaulTa T¢s
da niSTa, romelni moniWebul iyunes misa RuTisa mimarT. amas Sina
ra warxdes Jamni raodennime, sTnda wmidasa da Rirssa mamasa ioanes,
warslva mier adgiliT, rameTu evltoda igi kacTa miersa didebasa
(sabinini.2010: 185).
maSin datova is adgili, sadac cxovrobda da wavida ganSorebul
udabnoSi. ipova gamoqvabuli da damkvidrda Tavis mowafeebTan er-
Tad. didxans aravin icoda is adgili. iSviaTad Tu sadme gagazvnida
mowafeebs sazrdelis mosatanad. ase dafarulad cxovrobda (qarTu-
li hagiografiuli Zeglebi.2008: 38). misi mowafeebis cxovrebis wesi
ki Semdegi gaxldaT: „saqmed aqundes daucadebeli locua da vedreba
RuTisa msgavsad maswavlelisa maTisa da amaT kualad xelTa saqmari
enacvlebodis da mdumriad enisa mier zraxua madlovnebiT RuTisa
mimarT“ (sabinini.2010: 185). anu isini uwyvet locvaSi arian.
142
amis Semdeg kvlav iwyes masTan misvla, sakaceebiT mihyavdaT
sneulebi, romlebic myisve ikurnebodnen. maSin netarma ioanem ganiz-
raxa, Soreul qveyanaSi wasuliyo, sadac mas aravin icnobda. „ganmge-
belman misman sulman, sulman wmidaman“ mianiSna CrdiloeTis qveyana,
anu qarTli.
maSin mowafeebs uTxra: Tqven aq iyaviT, radgan minda Sors wavide,
da iqneb vipovo rasac veZeb. maSin mowafeebma uTxres: ar gagiSvebT
Sen marto, sadac midixar (qarTuli hagiografiuli Zeglebi.2008: 40-
42), „rameTu Sen giciT winamZRurad da momorwyuHlad da ganmapoxe-
blad sulTa CuHnTa, swavlaTa mier saRmrToTa, romelni aRmodian
piriT SeniT da locuaTa SenTa mier vsasoebT, mimTxuHvasa RuTisa
saxierisasa“ (sabinini.2010: 186).
maSin gamoemarTa qarTlSi da movida mcxeTas, da roca Tayvani
sca wmida eklesiebs, Sevida igi wminda svetTan anu sveticxovelT-
an, sadac xelaRprobili cremliT evedreboda RmerTs, eCvenebina is
adgili, sadac unda dasaxlebuliyo. maSin ufalma uCvena erTi mTa
axlos, mcxeTis aRmosavleTiT, raTa asuliyo im mTis wverze da iq
darCeniliyo. iloca da mTaze avida, romelsac zedazeni hqvia. is
adgili sruliad uRrani iyo. rogorc ki ixila, moewona da Tqva:
„ese ars gansasuenebeli Cemi, ukue amas davemkvidro, rameTu mTnavs
ese, nadirni misni kurTxeviT vakurTxne“ (qarTuli hagiografiuli
Zeglebi.2008: 42-44).
sainteresoa wminda ioanes cxovrebis es periodi; rogorc vxedavT,
wmindani sruliad mindobilia uflis nebas da mis gareSe arafers ar
akeTebs, misi suli ganmartoebas eswrafvis da asketur moRvaweobiT
nabijsac uflis kurTxevis gareSe ar dgams. mas surs, gaakeTos is,
rac ufals nebavs. amis Semdeg ufali zegardamo auwyebs sakuTar
nebas. saqarTveloSi Camosuli moilocavs wminda taZrebs da Semdeg
udides siwmindesTan, sveticxovelTan midis. amis Semdeg wmindani kv-
lav evedreba macxovars, aCvenos is adgili, sadac unda daemkvidros.
143
uflis mier Segonebuli wminda ioane zedaznis mTisken gaeSureba, _
man ar icis, rogor garemoSi mouwevs cxovreba, magram man icis, rom
es uflis nebaa; imedovnebs, rom misi samoRvaweo adgili kacTagan
miuvali iqneba da rodesac naxavs, rom uRrani tyea, moewoneba da im
tyeSi mcxovreb nadirebs akurTxebs. am kurTxeviT wminda ioane hgavs
Zvel asket saswaulTmoqmedebs, romlebic cxovelebs aTvinierebdnen.
maTi es mdgomareoba msgavsia samoTxeSi ucodveli adamis myofobisa,
romelsac cxovelebi emorCilebodnen. es yovelive naTlad metyve-
lebs wminda ioanes ganRmrTobil mdgomareobas.
wminda ioane zedaznelisa da misi mowafeebis saqarTveloSi Camos-
vlis Sesaxeb, gansxvavebiT wminda ioanes arqitepuli redaqciis-
gan, sakmaod vrcel da saintereso informacias gvawvdis wminda Sio
mRvimelis metafrastuli redaqcia. masSi vkiTxulobT, rom wminda
ioane da mis mowafeni saqarTveloSi wamosvlis win wminda svimeon
mesvetisgan iReben kurTxevas, da saqarTveloSi Camosulebs, qarTlis
kaTalikosi evlale (evlaviozi) xvdeba. amasTanave, „moqcevai qarTli-
sai“ saubrobs, rom maTi mosvlisas saqarTveloSi farsman VI mefobda.
mecnierebi swored am sam faqtorze dayrdnobiT adgenen asurel ma-
maTa saqarTveloSi mosvlis TariRs: am TariRad, savaraudod, 540
welia miCneuli.
rogorc viciT, ori wminda svimeon mesvetea cnobili - ufrosi da
umcrosi; pirveli me-5, meore ki me-6 saukuneSi moRvaweobda. aRniS-
nuli movlena cxadia, wminda svimeon mesvete (umcrosTan) ukavSird-
eba, Tumca wminda grigol feraZe, sakuTar naSromSi „bermonazvnobis
dasawyisi saqarTveloSi“, wers: SesaZlebelia vifiqroT, rom es mamebi
me-5 saukunis Sua wlebSi Camosulan saqarTveloSi (mwignobroba qar-
Tuli.2012: 165). Tuki misi mosazreba marTebulia, maSin saubari unda
iyos wminda svimon ufrosze.
wminda Sios metafrastul cxovrebaSi vkiTxulobT: „amaT JamTa aR-
srul iyo didi mnaTobi s¢mon sak¢ruHlTmoqmedi mTasa sak¢ruHlsa
144
garna.Y ara da suHtsaca zeda aramed Tornesa Sina mjdomare iyo da
netarman ioane da mowafeTa misTa ixiles igi da locua misi moiRes.
da esreT waremarTnen gzasa qarTlad mimyuanebelsa, romeli igi mrav-
liTa SromiTa warvles. xolo miiwivnes ra qalaqad qarTlisa, daadga
evlaviozs kaTalikozsa CuHnebasa Sina Ramisasa angelozi uflisa da
hrqua mas; aha esera movals ioane yovlad ganTqmuli mona uflisa
mowafeTa T¢sTa Tana, romelman gananaTlos yoveli ese quHyana, vi-
Tarca piruHl nino, aw ukuH aRdeg da miegebode maT da mravliTa
moRuawebiTa Seiwynaren igini da nu xedav SeuracxebiT moxilebasa
maTsa, rameTu Sinagani maTi kaci yovlad brwyinuale da Semkobil
ars.
aRdga ukuH Rirsi evlavioz yovelTa Tana eklesiisa S¢lTa da
gavida zena soflamde da imstrobda yovelTa Tana warmavalTa Tu
vinme arn monani igi RuTisani da aha movidodes wmidani igi mamani
uxamloni da dabebkiliTa mosilni Seuracxad saxilvelni kunkuliTa
Semosilni wesisaebr asurTa quHyanisa. ixilna ra Rirsman kaTalikoz-
man gulisxmahyo viTarmed isini arian, romelTaT¢s euwya, aRdga da
Seupyra qedsa ioanessa da hrqua mas, keTilad moxuHd mamao wmidao.
Seuvrda ukuH ioane ferxTa misTa da etyoda: „wmidao meufeo! kurTx-
eul ars RmerTi, romelman Rirs myo Tayuaniscemad siwmidisa Senisa“,
egreTve TiToeulad yovelTa miiRes kurTxeva kaTalikozisa mier“
(sabinini.2010: 213).
aRniSnuli monakveTidan vxedavT, rom qarTlis eklesiis meTaurs
ecxadeba ufali da auwyebs wminda mamebis saqarTveloSi Camosvlis
ambavs, Semdeg vxedavT, Tu rogor xvdeba qarTlis eklesia siriidan
Camosul wminda mamebs, romlebsac asuruli samonozvno Sesamosle-
bi acviaT. es Sesamoseli ki didi xnis mgzavrobis Sedegad sakmaod
Selaxulia „dabebkulia“; maT arc fexsacmeli acviaT da „Seuracxi
Sesaxedaobis“ arian, rac, ra Tqma unda, Soreuli mgzavrobis maCvene-
belia. wminda ioane da kaTalikosi evlale pativiT xvdebian erTma-
145
neTs. avtori iqve aRniSnavs, rom sulTmofenobis dResaswaulze aR-
srulebuli saswaulis msgavsad, sadac mociqulebi sxvadasxva enaze
alaparakdnen, aqac qarTveli da sirieli warmoSobis ori adamiani
erTmaneTs esaubreba _ wminda ioane qarTulad ametyvelda
aRniSnuli faqti zogierTi mecnierisTvis imis sababad iqca, rom
wminda ioane da misi mowafeni qarTvelebad CaeTvalaT. amas iziarebs
v. goilaZec, romelic sxvadasxva faqtebze darydnobiT asureli mam-
ebis qarTvelur warmomavlobas SesaZleblad miiCnevs (goilaZe: 17).
TumcaRa aq naTlad sCans, rom avtori am yovelives zebunebriv
saswauls miawers da ara wminda ioanes qarTvelur warmomavlobas.
amis Sesaxeb avtori wers: „WeSmaritad sak¢ruHl ars RmerTi Soris
wmidaTa misTa, romelman suliTa wmidiTa wamsa Sina aRatyua sity¢Ta,
zraxuad ioane, romeli arca odes ismioda ara Tu eswava, esevismca ara
dauk¢rda visimca cnoba.Y ara gank¢rda, romelni maSin mun iyunes da
romelTa esma ucxo ese saswauli, yovelni gank¢ruHbulni da zarganx-
dilni adidebdes RmerTsa moqmedsa sak¢ruHlebaTasa“ (sabinini.2010:
213-214). wminda grigol feraZis mosazrebiT wminda ioanesa da misi
mowafeebis qarTveluri warmomavloba sakmaod saeWvoa (mwignobroba
qarTuli.2012: 166). Amis am mosazrebasa viziarebT Cvenc.
amis Semdeg vxedavT kaTalikosisa da wminda ioanes dialogs, sadac
kidev erTxel warmoCindeba wminda ioanes simdable da saeklesio ier-
arqiisadmi udidesi morCileba.
kaTalikosma wmindans miugo: „me ufalman mauwya moslvisaT¢s Seni-
sa da aw vmadlob RmerTsa, romelman moavlina siwmide Seni, raTa
waruZRuHs mravalTa sulTa mecnierebisa RuTisa da ganswavlne WeS-
maritsa Sina cxovrebasa.Y, romeli miiyuanebs sasufevelad caTa da
quHyanisa“.
wminda ioanem Tayvanisca kaTalikoss da uTxra: „wmidao meufeo! Sen
mimsgavsebul xar qristes simdabliTa, viTar misgan giswavies, xolo
CuHn monani Senni ufros vmadlobT RmerTsa, rameTu Rirs viqmneniT
146
ege viTarisa keTilisa mwyemsisa povnad, romelsa yovelni dafarulni
gamoecxadebian RuTisa mier, madli didebulsa mas, romelman Rirs
gyvna xilvasa pirisa Senisasa. raTa ufrosRa Sen wargviZRuH mrwemTa
amaT SenTa gzasa cxovrebisasa, rameTu vxedav madlsa RuTisa srul
qmnilsa Sen Soris uRirsi ese, rameTu raJams Rirs viqmen kurTxevisa
Sen mierisa moRebad, aReRo piri da ena Cemi zraxuad enisa Sensa da
ganexunes sasmenelni Cemni, raTa mesmoden wmidani brZanebani Senni
meufeo Cemo“.
amis msmeneli xalxi gakvirvebuli iyo, Semdeg wminda mamebi svet-
icxovelSi wavidnen, iqidan ki kaTalikosma „mravliTa moRuaweebi-
Ta istumrna da daadgres mun dReTa mravalTa da xedviden yovelni
pirsa mamaTasa, viTarca angelozTasa da moiweodes yovliT kerZo,
yovelTa senTagan Sepyrobilni da yovelni miemTxuHodes mswrafl
kurnebasa da esmodes yovelTa maT sityuani saukuno.Ysa cxovrebisani
da ganmtkicnebodes yovelni sarwmunoebasa zeda wmidisa samebisa da
yuaoda moZRurebaTa maTTa mier yoveli quHyana qarTlisa vidremdis
T¢T Tavadica mefe da yovelni mTavarni qarTlisani miiwivnes mun da
maTgan kurTxevisa mimRebelni ganaTldebodes swavliTagan netarisa
ioanesTa“ (iqve: 214). rogorc vxedavT, wmindanebi mraval saswauls
aRasruleben, isini sulierad gabrwyinvebulni arian, rac maT gareg-
nul ierzec aisaxeba. maT mier adamianebi WeSmarit sarwmunoebaSi
ganmtkicdebian. aqve Cans, rom wminda ioane aswavlis, anu moZRvravs
xalxs. es qadageba ki, ra Tqma unda, qarTul enaze iqneboda. aqe-
dan gamomdinare, cxadia, rom wminda ioanes ucxo enaze metyvelebis
niWi marto saswaulis warmosaCenad ar eboZa, aramed praqtikuli
saWiroebisTvisac, raTa ucxoenovani qarTveli xalxi daemoZRvra,
rogorc sulTmofenobis dros, roca mociqulebi ierusalimSi Casul
ucxoenovan xalxs qristes Sesaxeb uqadagebdnen.
amis Semdeg wminda ioane evedreba ufals: „uCuHnos maT adgili
mk¢drobisa maTisa“. maSin ufali auwyebs, rom maT zedaznis mTaze
147
unda daimkvidron, amis Semdeg „mivides wmidisa kaTalikozisa da
iTxoves adgili igi mTa yovlad maRnari da Seuvali kacTa mier, raTa
daemk¢drnen mun vidremdis ganuCinos maT madlman RuTisaman Semdgo-
mi. kaTalikozman, misca maT kurTxeva.Y“. mamebi mdinare aragvs miadge-
bian, maT kaTalikosi, episkoposebi da samRvdeloebis didi nawili
acilebs. maisis Tvea, mdinare sakmaod adidebulia. kaTalikosi da
samRvdeloni mdinareze gadasvlis uflebas ar aZleven. am dros wmin-
da ioane wminda Sios mimarTavs: „iloce mamao, raTa RmerTman uvnebe-
lad wiaR gviyvannes imier“. xolo morCilman man sulman yovlad ara
ra.Y hrqua sxua, aramed mindobilman brZanebasa moZRurisasa moid-
rikna samgzis muxlni aRmosavliT, juari gamosaxa wyalsa mas zeda da
hrqua. „mama CuHni ioane gibrZanebs wyalo, raTa daeyenne slvisagan,
vidremdis wiaR videT imier xmelad“. saswauli moxda da wyali gaipo.
amis Semxedvare xalxi adidebda RmerTs (iqve: 214-215).
zedazenze wminda ioane Tormet mowafesTan erTad daemkvidra (qa-
rTuli hagiografiuli Zeglebi.2006: 46). 12 mowafis xseneba mxolod
„anaseul“ redaqciaSi gvxvdeba, sadac isini, rogorc „aTormetni igi
Tualni“, ase arian moxseniebulni. es CvenTvis sainteresoa, radganac
sxvadasxva mosazreba arsebobs wminda ioanesa da misi mowafeebis qa-
rTlSi mosvlis dros maTi ricxovnobis Sesaxeb. avtori iqve aRniSnavs,
rom asurelebis iq damkvidrebas ori mizani hqonda. pirveli, qalaqis
anu mcxeTis im mosaxleobisTvis sargeblis motana da mkurnaloba,
romelic maT uxmobda; meore _ zedaznis mTis borot ZalTagan gan-
wmenda. mkurnalobaSi, rogorc fizikuri, ise sulieri mkurnalobac
igulisxmeba.
maTi moRvaweobis detalebis ukeT gadmosacemad, isev wminda Sio
mRvimelis metafrastul redaqcias davesesxebiT: „xolo netarni igi
mamani aRvides mTasa mas zeda friadisa RuawlTa sixSosagan sertyTa-
sa da mimovlo netarman ioane yoveli igi mTa.Y da hpova mcire quabi
da Sehqmna igi wmidad ekklesiad da daemk.Ydrnes mun da hqmnes mci-
148
redi rame talavarebi da iRuwides Zlierad, rameTu ganikafebodes
yinelisagan sastikisa Jamsa zamTrisasa da iyo maTda sazrdelad mde-
loTagan quHyanisaTa, xolo ganisma hmbavi maTisa mun mk¢drobisa da
Seqmnes mTasa mas Sina gza friadman simravleman da movidodes yov-
liT kerZo simravle erisa auracxeli sneulni eSmakeulni, brmani,
Rrekilni yruni da yovelni ganikurnebodes locuiTa maT wmidaTa
mamaTaTa, viTarca weril ars vrcelsa Sina cxovrebasa netarisa io-
anessa“ (sabinini.2010: 215).
am monakveTSi, garda imisa, rom vxedavT maTi cxovrebis mkacr pi-
robebs, eklesiis mowyobas da wminda ioanes mier aRsrulebul saswau-
lebs, isicaa aRsaniSnavi, rom saswaulebis aRsruleba misi mowafeebis
saxelTanac aris dakavSirebuli, jer kidev zedazenze moRvaweobis
periodSi, razec ar saubrobs wminda ioanes cxovrebis arqetipuli
redaqcia.
wminda Sios cxovrebis Tanaxmad, wminda ioanesTan zedazenze st-
umrad kaTalikosi da samRvdeloeba midis, amis Sesaxeb vkiTxulobT:
„dResa Sina erTsa guls idgna kaTalikozman krebisa Tana T¢sisa, ra-
meTu mun iyunes yovelni episkoposnic misni, raTa aRviden da moix-
ilnen wmidani igi mamani, warvides ukuH da aRvidodes mTasa mas da
ixilnes netarni igi viTarca angelozni RuTisani, T¢nier yovlisa
soflisa gangebisa da saxmarisa, ixilnes ra wmidaTa mamaTa kaTa-
likozi da yovelni episkoposni mimavalni, ganixares sixaruliTa
didiTa, moegebvodes maT da Seuvrdebodes ferxTa maTTa da miiReb-
des kurTxevasa maT miersa, egreTve episkoposnica igi locuasa maT
miersa. xolo kaTalikozman hyo ra locua dasasrulisa, dasxdes
ukuH quabsa mas maxlobelad, romeli Seemzada ekklesiad. etyoda
netari ioane kaTalikozsa da yovelTa episkoposTa, „raT moSuHrniT
ufalno Cemno, simdablisa Cemisa da viTar Rirs varT CuHn monani
siwmidisa TquHnisani, raTamca moaSvreT siwmide TquHni aqa, aramed
RmerTman mogecin sasyideli, romeli mdidar ars wyalobiTa“. ubrZana
149
kaTalikozman ioanes, raTa hrquas maT sityua sargeblisaT¢s sulisa.
xolo ioane etyoda „Sen gSuHnis ese wmidao meufeo da Seni ars saqme
ese, raTa CuHn virwyuHbodeT swavlaTa SenTa mier“. mraval Jam ra
aiZula kaTalikozman ioanes, aRaRo piri T¢si da iwyo sityuad sityu-
aTa cxovrebisaTa SuHnierTa, rameTu netarisa ioanes piri, viTarca
wyaro tkbili mdinare egreT aRmoacenebda swavlaTa daulevnelTa,
odes aiZulis vin Tqmad rasame da ismendes missa yovelni igi epis-
koposni da sargebel eyofodes friad da ixarebdes“ (sabinini.2010:
215-216).
aRniSnuli monakveTi naTlad metyvelebs wminda ioanes sulier av-
toritetsa da sulier simaRleze.
wminda ioanes cxovrebis arqetipis mixedviT, „ilocvida netari igi
beri da evedreboda yovelsa Jamsa RmerTsa da dgan igi SeuSfoTebe-
lad, yovelTa maT zeda mosvlaTa eSmakisaTa moiTmenda“, locvasa da
marxvas, rogorc dedas gonierebisas, miendoboda (qarTuli hagio-
grafiuli Zeglebi.2008: 46). aqedan vxedavT, rom wmindans gaafTreb-
uli brZola uwevs borot ZalasTan, iseve, rogorc wminda antoni
dids. igi gansakuTrebul asketur RvawlSia, moukleblad loculobs
da marxulobs.
aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom wminda ioanes cxovrebis Txrobisas, aq
pirvelad vxvdebiT mis „berad“ moxseniebas. Tavidan mis Sesaxeb naTq-
vamia, rom asureTs „iwyo monazonebad“, Semdeg is netarad an wmind-
anad moixsenieba, xolo aq ukve bers uwodebs avtori. saWiroa vTq-
vaT, rom termini beri „monozonisgan“ gansxvavebiT, ber-moZRvars,
RmrTiv-ganbrZnobil moZRvars aRniSnavs. anu aq TiTqosda wminda io-
ane xdeba winamZRvari, moZRvari, magram is manamdec iyo Tavisi mowa-
feebis moZRvari. maSin iqneb sxva ramis miTiTeba surs amiT avtors?
diax, SesaZlebelia rom avtori aq gulisxmobdes, rom wminda ioane
xdeba ara marto misi mowafeebis, aramed sruliad qarTlis moZR-
vari, rogorebic SemdgomSi iyvnen wminda grigol xanZTeli da wminda
150
giorgi mTawmindeli.
am mosazrebis marTebulebas avtoris mier Txrobis gagrZelebaSic
vxedavT, rodesac wminda ioane sakuTar mowafeebs mimarTavs: ratom
xarT uqmad? gana ar iciT, rom am qveynis sargebelisTvis warmogvav-
lina ufalma, radgan „axal nerg“ arian am qveynis mcovrebni? wadiT
da ganamtkiceT Zmebi, romelTac uRiarebiaT qriste. ara marto si-
tyviT, aramed Tqveni cxovrebis wesic magaliTad misceT (iqve: 48).
wmindans mowafeebi emorCilebian, radgan ician, rom es RmrTis nebaa,
rameTu wminda ioane misi nebisa da kurTxevis gareSe arafers akeTebs,
miT ufro, aseT mniSvnelovan gadawyvetilebas ar miiRebda, es rom
zegardamo ar yofiliyo misTvis uwyebuli. wminda ioane mowafeTa
saSualebiT eris sulier aRzrdas iwyebs, romelsac igi axal nergs
uwodebs, _ ara im gagebiT, rom qveyanaSi qristianobaa axlad qadage-
buli, aramed maTi sulieri mdgomareobis Sesabamisad, rac qveyanaSi
arsebulma sparsulma mmarTvelobam sakuTari ZalmomreobiTi poli-
tikiT gamoiwvia. aseve sagulisxmoa, rom wminda ioane ara marto qris-
tianebis ganmtkicebas, aramed warmarTTa moqcevasac avalebs Tavis
mowafeebs. amis Sesaxeb cnobas marto „anaseuli“ redaqcia gvawvdis,
sadac wminda ioane brZanebs: Segvria ufalma warmarTTa Soris, rom
naxon Tqveni keTili saqmeni da adidebdnen „mamasa Tquensa zecaTasa“
(iqve: 48).
wargzavnis win wminda ioane mowafeebs moZRvravs da eubneba: „nura
giyuarn, Zmano, ufrois RmrTisa. vecxlis-moyuarebai da simdidre
ganbasreT, Suebasa da uZRebebasa, Wamadsa nu Tavs-idebT Tquen, ra-
meTu Suebisa da saWmlisagan iSva urCebai igi adamisi, romelTa na-
SobTa misTa zeda dadgromil ars. aman gamoxada igi samoTxisa mis-
gan saSuebelTaisa“. amis Semdeg wminda ioane Rvinis Sesaxeb brZanebs
da eubneba mowafeebs: Rvino sruliad miuRebelia monozonTaTvis.
dasasruls ki wminda ioane dasZens: „nu mcire giCanan Tavni Tquen-
ni, viTarca warmavalTa da ganmaqarvebadTa..., rameTu arsebani varT
151
ukadavad da ganuqarvebelad, dabadebulni...“ (iqve: 48). aRniSnuli
qadageba warmogviCens wminda ioanesa da misi mowafeebis asketuri
cxovrebis srul simkacres, sadac ramdenime faqtori warmoCndeba: 1)
simdidrisa da fufunebis uaryofa; 2) saWmlisgan TavSekaveba; 3) ur-
Cobis codvis wina planze wamoweva anu misi saSiSroebis warmoCena; 4)
Rvinisgan TavSekaveba; 5) gardacvalebis xsovna. rac Seexeba locvas,
wminda ioane maTTvis cocxali magaliTi iyo mouklebeli locvisa,
rasac, ra Tqma unda, mowafeni moZRvrisgan uTuod iswavlidnen.
aqedan kargad Cans asurelebis swrafva sulieri srulyofilebisak-
en: upovareba, mkacri marxva, morCileba, sikvdilis xsovna da uwyveti
locva. es iyo is asketuri Rvawli, romliTac wminda mamebi suliw-
midis madlis mosaxveWad daSvrebodnen, xolo misioneruli Rvawli
macxovris umTavresi mcnebis, „moyvasis siyvarulis“ aRsrulebaa.
amis Semdeg „anaseul“ redaqciaSi wminda ioanes qadageba grZel-
deba, rac gamotovebulia sxva or redaqciaSi. aRniSnuli qadageba,
rogorc amas Tanamedrove mTargmenelebi (koWlamazaSvili da are-
SiZe) aRniSnaven, bundovania da amitom ar mohyavT es teqsti (iqve: 50).
marTalia, xsenebuli qadageba bundovania, magram aRsaniSnavia, rom
igi adamianSi arsebul Sinagan sulier dapirispirebasa da am dapiri-
spirebaSi boroti Zalis mavneblobas exeba. masSi citirebulia wminda
pavle mociqulis galatelTa da romaelTa mimarT epistoleni, sadac
mociquli aRniSnul sakiTxze saubrobs (abulaZe.1955: 32-37).
amis Semdeg wminda ioane maT eubneba: „warvediT da ganamtkicebdiT
qristes samwysoTa maT“. wargzavna zogierTi maTgani kaxeTs, zogi-
erTni kuxeTs da zogierTni zemo mxares, erTni _ qveynis gareT da sx-
vani _ samefo qalaqis irgvliv. xolo isini wavidnen da damkvidrdnen
zogni WalakebSi, zogni mTebSi, qveynis gamoqvabulebsa da napraleb-
Si. amis Semdeg arseni wers, rom maTTan yoveli mxridan modiodnen
da maTi sityvis mosmeniTa da maTi saqmis SexedviT mravali morwmune
ganmtkicdeboda (qarTuli hagiografiuli Zeglebi.2008: 50). rogorc
152
vxedavT, wminda ioanes mowafeni sxvadasxva adgilas midian, kerZod
kaxeTSi, kuxeTSi , zemo mxares, qveynis gareT, samefo qalaqis irgv-
liv. es aris adgilebi, romelTa zusti adgilmdebareobis gansazRvra
dRes ukve rTulia.
aRniSnuli monakveTis svinaqsarul redaqciaSi avtori wminda io-
anes or mowafes asaxelebs, daviT garejelsa da ezderios (isidore
g.b) samTavnels, xolo metafrastulSi, am ori mamis garda, Sio mRvi-
melic aris moxseniebuli (abulaZe.1955: 38-39). es aris pirveli ad-
gili, sadac uSualod teqstSi wminda ioanes mowafeebi saxelebiT
arian moxseniebulni.
cxovrebis am monakveTidan vxedavT, rom wminda ioanes mravali
mowafe hyavs, TumcaRa arc erTi maTgani ar aris dasaxelebuli ar-
qetipSi. Cveni mosazrebiT, SeiZleba am periodSi wminda ioanes mowa-
feTa ricxvSi yofiliyvnen adgilobrivebic, romlebic masTan mas
Semdeg midian, rac is saqarTveloSi Camodis. es sruliad SesaZle-
belia, jer imitom, rom, roca isini saqarTveloSi Camodian, ekle-
siebs moilocaven, rac, ra Tqma unda, adgilobrivebis yuradRebas
miipyrobda. Semdeg, roca mowafeebi ama Tu im saWiroebisTvis qalaqSi
Cavidodnen, iqac eqnebodaT kontaqti mosaxleobasTan. aqve Tu imasac
davsZenT, rom wminda Sios cxovrebis mixedviT asurelebs kaTalikosi
xvdeba didi pativiT, maSin didi albaTobaa imis, rom maTi asketuri
cxovrebiT adgilobrivebi dainteresebuliyvnen da miebaZaT maTTvis.
am mosazrebaze saubrisas gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqtic, rom rode-
sac wminda ioane mowafeebs moZRvravs, es qadageba TiTqosda axlad
Semdgar monozvnebs ufro Seefereba, vidre, wminda ioanes didi xnis
mowafeebs, romlebic ukve garkveul sulier simaRleze imyofebian
da, aseve, sakuTari moZRvris pirad magaliTze kargad ician, Tu ro-
gor unda icxovron. ase rom, SesaZlebelia, am qadagebis dros wminda
ioanes irgvliv axlad Semonazvnebuli adgilobrivi mosaxleobac yo-
filiyo. aq SeiZleba daisvas kiTxva, gauSvebda Tu ara wminda ioane ax-
153
lad aRkvecil, gamoucdel monozons esoden didi misiis aRsasrule-
blad? pasuxis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom is gamocdileba, romelsac
es adamianebi mcire droSic ki miiRebdnen wminda ioanesTan TanamoR-
vaweobiT, sakmarisi iqneboda misioneruli Rvawlis dasawyebad. isic
aRsaniSnavia, rom asurul monozvnobas axasiaTebs misioneroba da ar
aris aucilebeli umaRles sulier safexurze yofna _ misioneri beri
am safexurs droTa ganmavlobaSi aRwevda misionerobis paralelu-
rad.
wamosvlisas wminda ioanes Tan wamoeRo „wmidaTa mowameTa nawilni
uricxuni friad, aqunda igini winaSe TualTa misTa“. mama ioanes win
edo wmindanTa nawilebi. TiTqosda xedavda dReebs maTi brZolisas,
ise fiqrobda maTze, evedreboda da eamboreboda. Tavad ki yoveldRe
martvilobda da Rvawls amravlebda. wmindaTa nawilebs mowafeebs
atanda, raTa mfarvelad hqonodaT. Semdgom ki im sayofelSi, sadac
daemkvdrebodnen, maT saxelze taZrebs aSenebdnen (qarTuli hagio-
grafiuli Zeglebi.2008: 50-52).
amis Semdeg zedaznis mTaze wmindani erT „msaxurTan“ (mowafes-
Tan g.b.) erTad agrZelebs moRvaweobas. misi locva „aRvidoda zecad,
haerTa ganswmedda da ganvlida eTersa. xolo keTilis moZuleni igi
eSmakni... ver daiTmendes mamisa Cuenisa iovanes locvaTa da vedreba-
Ta. ... dResa erTsa aRiZrnes yovelni igi Zalni bnelisani misa bevriTa
manqanebiTa, SeSfoTnes garemos missa, aSinebdes, dRe da Rame zeda
daesxmodes. ... da azmnobdes kldesa Camogdebad“. magram netari beri
aRiWurvoda qristes jvriT da arad agdebda maT ganzraxvas. eSmakebi
mas ecxadebodnen da esaubrebodnen, TumcaRa wminda ioanem isini amx-
ila da qristes ZaliT ukuaqcia da gandevna iqidan. amis Semxedvarem
ki madloba Seswira ufals. es ambavi yvelam gaigo, radganac icodnen,
rom iq eSmakebi mkvidrobdnen. amitomac adidebdnen RmerTs.
es adgili uwylo iyo da wminda ioanes mowafes Soridan mohqonda
wyali. netari ioane xedavda misi mowafis _ elias (ilias) Sromas, See-
154
brala is da ufals sTxova, axlos mieca wyaro. Semdeg wminda ioanem
erT-erT adgilas, sadac aravis enaxa wyali, „sca xmelsa mas queyanasa,
... da gamoxda wyali tkbili“ (iqve: 56-58).
Cven vxedavT wminda ioanes mowafes _ elias, romelic arc berad da
arc monozvnad ar iwodeba, aramed „msaxurad“. unda vifiqroT, rom
es aris wm. elia diakoni. am periodSi, savaraudod, is Semonazvnebuli
jer ar unda iyos. rodis da ra pirobebSi daemowafa igi wminda io-
anes, aRniSnuli teqstidan ar Cans.
wylis aRmocenebis Semdeg, yoveli mxridan modioda xalxi am sas-
waulis sanaxavad, radgan icodnen im garemoTa mkvidrebma, rom im
adgilas wyali arasdros yofila. wminda mamis madliT es wyali mra-
vals gankurnavda.
wminda ioanem am adgilis Seneba (ZmaTa samkvidreblad gadaqceva
g.b) ar isurva, aramed ise iRvwoda, rogorc martodmyofTa wesia.
kldis napralSi ipova mcire gamoqvabuli da iq dabinavda. rodesac
mis mier aRsrulebuli saswaulebi gamravlda, misi saxeli ufro ga-
brwyinda qarTlis mcxovrebTa Soris.
erT dRes misi mowafe, netari elia diakoni, wylis dasalevad mi-
vida RvTivmocemul wyarosTan, sadac didi daTvi daxvda. mas Zalian
SeeSinda, wminda ioanesTan gaiqca da daTvis Sesaxeb uambo. wmindani
daTvTan mivida da uTxra: Tu es wyali ar dagilevia, svi da wadi.
wesi daudo da uTxra: „saxeliTa uflisa Cuenisa iesu qristesiTa
getyvi, nuRaramca gaqus flobai borotebad da vnebad maTa, romelTa
SeemTxueode kacTa mTasa mas zeda“. rogorc ki mxecma berisgan br-
Zaneba miiRo, rom aravisTvis evno, maSive wavida da rogorc tkbilad
metyvel megobars, ukan moxeda, Tavi moudrika da mSvidad daemor-
Cila. wmindanis locviT, visac ki Sexvdeboda, rogorc wynari cxvari,
Tan gahyveboda xolme. wminda berma, daTvi, rogorc mociquli ise
waravlina Tavis naSobTa mimarT (iqve: 60-62). mociqulad wargzavnaSi
igulisxmeba, rom wminda ioanes locviT sxva daTvebic aRar vnebdnen
155
adamianebs, rac, TiTqosda, wminda ioanes mier gagzavnili daTvis meS-
veobiT ebrZanaT sxva cxovelebs. aRniSnuls adasturebs avtoris si-
tyvebic: „da hgian vidre dReindelad dRedmde mTasa mas da aravis
avneben“. Tu es sityvebi uSualod arsens ekuTvnis, maSin gamodis, rom
im adgilebSi mcxovrebi daTvebi wminda ioanes locviT saukuneebis
ganmavlobaSi icvlian mxecur bunebas da adamianebs ar vneben (iqve:
62-64).
aq ànaseuli“ redaqcia wydeba, amitom aRniSnul teqsts im „svi-
naqsaruli“ Txzulebidan ganvagrZobT, romelsac s. kakabaZe da k.
kekeliZe arqetipulad miiCneven. moyvanil naSromSi Txroba Semdegi
saxiT grZeldeba: „amas wmida mamasa Cuensa ioanes moarTues odesme
cxedriTa „Rrekili da ganrRveuli da daxsnil iyunes yovelni asoni
misni“, da evedrebodnen ganekurna sneuli, Tavsimxriv sneuli Txov-
da: Semiwyale wmidao daumarxavi mkvdari. wmindanma sneuls uTxra:
„gangkurnebs Sen ufali Cueni iesu qriste“. sneuli maSinve wamodga
da sruliad ganikurna.
aseve, eSmakeulic miiyvanes masTan. wmindans Seebrala igi da mimar-
Ta: „sulo ukeTuro, raisa stanjav magas, ... getyvi Sen saxeliTa
uflisa Cuenisa iesu qristesiTa, ganved kacisa magisgan!“. avi suli
brZanibisTanave gavida da is kaci ganikurna. yvelas gaukvirda. berma
ki maT uTxra: „da rasa gankvirvebul xarT, ara var mkurnali, aramed
saxelis-debiTa uflisa Cuenisa iesu qristesiTa ivltis yoveli seni
da yoveli Zali bnelisai...“.
amis Semdeg avtori wers: „mraval did saqmeTagan es mciredni
aRvwereT didi drois gasvlis gamo, magram aq moTxrobili sakmarisia
RmerTSemosili mamis ambavis gasagebad. amis garda wmindanma mravali
saswauli aRasrula. misi mowafeebi ki sxvadasxva adgilas wavidnen da
monastrebi aRaSenes, sadac kurnebani aResruleba“. bolos avtori
erT-erT mowafes, TaTas, moixsenebs, romelmac iqve, mTis Ziras (igu-
lisxmeba zedaznis mTa g.b.) monasteri aaSena, sadac monozvnebi gaam-
156
ravla (kakabaZe.1928: 25-26).
aq gvxvdeba wminda ioanes kidev erTi mowafis saxeli _ TaTa,
romelSic savaraudod Tadeoz stefanwmindeli igulisxmeba. es mon-
akveTi kidev imiT aris mniSvnelovani, rom aq ukve Cndebian wminda
ioanes mowafis mowafeni, anu vxedavT, rom asureli mamebis Rvawls
maleve moaqvs didi Sedegebi samonozvno cxovrebaSi. garda amisa,
davsZenT, rom juanSeris Tanaxmad, wminda ioanes mravali adgilobri-
vi daemowafa, rogorc igi wers: „sxuani-ca daemowafnes wmidasa mas
mamasa, kacni wmidani da sulierni mamani“ (qarTlis cxovreba). rogorc
vxedavT, wminda ioanesa da mis mowafeebs swrafad gamouCndaT mra-
vali mimdevari da maTi winamZRolobiT asketur cxovrebas Seudgnen.
aq wydeba wminda ioanes cxovreba da iwyeba wminda Sio mRvimelis
cxovreba. swored wminda Sio mRvimelis cxovrebis boloSi aris wmin-
da ioanes gardacvaleba moTxrobili; vkiTxulobT: „xolo netari ma-
mai, Cueni iovane daberda quabsa mas Sina da aRasrula srbai Tvisi
mravliTa RuawliTa. mouZlurda da iwyo moklebad“. uxmo Tavis ram-
denime mowafes _ TaTas, romelic im mTis ZirSi imyofeboda, da ilia
diakvans, da uTxra: Svilebo Cemi aRsasrulis dro movida, mivdivar
Cems ufalTan da Zalian meSinia haeris-mcvelebisa, romlebic xels
uSlian suls, rom sasufevelSi Sevides. amas Tqvenc moelodeT, say-
varelo Svilebo, da axlave ifrTxileT da CemTvis iloceT. sxva vin
gvixsnis maTi xelisagan, Tu ara RmerTi, romelmac moavlina Tavisi
Ze, ufali Cveni ieso qriste, da man gagvaTavisufla Cven sikvdil-
isagan da yovelgvari saeSmako cdunebisagan, oRond mxolod isini,
vinc mxurvale guliT mihyvebian da hmsaxureben mas. amitom gevedre-
biT, rom siwmidiT da simarTliT moiqceT (qarTuli hagiografiuli
Zeglebi.2008: 93-94). aRniSnuli teqstidan cxadi xdeba, rom wminda
ioane zedaznis mTaze arsebul gamoqvabulSi didi xani moRvaweobs
da iq asrulebs miwier sicocxles. aseve sainteresoa, rom moxmobil
mamaTagan TaTa anu Tadeozi da elia diakoni arian dasaxelebul-
157
ni, qadagebis Sinaarsidan da aseve Txrobis Semdgomi gagrZelebidan
gamomdinare ki unda vifiqroT, rom wminda TaTa da elia, rogorc
lokalurad axlos myofni, moZRvarTan pirvelebi midian, xolo Sem-
dgomSi maT sxva mowafenic uerTdebian.
amis Semdeg wminda ioanem mowafeebs sakuTari neStis iqve (zedaze-
nis mTaze g.b.) dakrZalva uanderZa. siwmindeebi, romlebic Tan hqon-
da, gulSi Caikra da Semdgom Tvalebi zecad aRpyro, mis sanugeSe-
blad mosulebs (igulisxmeba zeciuri xilva g.b.) mxiarulad Sexeda
da suli ganuteva.
mowafeebi ki tirodnen wminda mamasTan ganSorebis gamo. maT wminda
mamis anderZi uaryves, radgan daiwunes is adgili, sadac Tavisi neS-
tis damarxva sTxova. misi wminda nawilebi wamoasvenes TaTas monas-
terSi da iq dakrZales (iqve: 95). anu zedaznis mTis Ziras, savarau-
dod, dRevandeli saguramos teritoriaze iyo uZvelesi monasteri,
romelic wminda TaTam anu Tadeoz stefanwmindelma daarsa, rac ze-
moT aRvniSneT.
wminda ioanem ar dauSva Tavisi anderZis ugulebelyofa. im adgi-
las, sadac misi neSti daasaflaves, saSineli miwisZvra moxda da mrava-
li adgilobrivi mcxovrebi dazianda. maSin gaaxsendaT beris anderZi
da ifiqres, rom amis gamoa miwisZvrebi. auwyes mamamTavars („kaTa-
likoss“, sabininis redaqciiT). igi samRvdeloebis TanxlebiT wavi-
da da misi wminda nawilebi didi pativiT gadaasvena zedaznis mTaze,
sadac imave luskumiT dafles. Semdeg ki iq axali eklesia aaSenes.
wmindanis neSTis gadasvenebisTanave miwisZvra dacxra da mravali sas-
wauli aResrula, radgan mravali sneuli da eSmakeuli ganikurna am
dros. didi xnis Semdeg, wminda ioane naTlismcemlis saxelze, kli-
menti kaTalikosma eklesiis aRmosavleTiT sxva eklesia aaSena.
aqve CamoTvlilia wminda ioanes mowafeebis mier agebuli ekle-
sia-monastrebi: „xolo amisa netarisa iovanes mowafeTaganman aRaSena
alaverdi. da sxuaman quabi iulTisai da sxuaTa aRaSennes kaxeTs mon-
158
asterni. xolo daviT aRaSena udabnoi igi garesjisai. xolo erTman
zena sofels aRaSena monasteri, romelsa Sina dedali verarai Sevals
da verca rai mfrinveli ibudebs. xolo yovelTai ver Zal-gvic mox-
senebai da wmidai ise wilkans ebiskopos iqmna“ (iqve: 98). rogorc vxe-
davT, aq CamoTvlilia ara yvela mowafis mier daarsebuli monasteri,
aramed: „alaverdi“, „quabi iulTisai“, „kaxeTis monasterni“, „udab-
noi igi garesjisai“ da „zena sofelSi“ aSenebul monasteri, sadac
mdedrobiTi sqesis warmomadgeneli ver Sedis, Semdeg ki wminda ise
wilknelia xsenebuli (iqve: 98).
aRniSnuli CamonaTvalidan, zogierTi adgili CvenTvis sakmaod
kargad aris cnobili da viciT, romeli wminda mama sad moRvaweobda.
ori adgilia mxolod ucnobi _ „quabi iulTisai“ da „zena sofeli“,
sadac ar viciT wminda ioanes romeli mowafeebi moRvaweobdnen.
jer SevexebiT iulTas quabs anu gamoqvabuls, rogorc Cans, aq
iyo gamoqvabuli anu mRvime, sadac erT-erTi mowafe agrZelebs moR-
vaweobas. gansxvavebiT sxva adgilebisa, aq miTiTebulia ara monas-
teri, aramed „quabi“. igive ewodeba wminda Sios samkvidrebels: „ne-
tarman mamaman Cuenman Sio mRvimesa mas Sina pova zecisa margaliti“
(iqve: 98). anu iulTaSi wminda mama mRvimeSi mkvidrdeba. samwuxarod,
verc erT literaturul wyaroSi ver vipoveT informacia, iulTaSi
arsebul mRvimeebze, an Tundac soflisa da eklesiis aRwerilobaze.
TumcaRa moviZieT mwiri infomacia, romelic, Semdegi saxisaa: iulTa
mdebareobs kaxeTis e.w. gaRma mxares. „gaRma mxare“ kaxeTis erT-erTi
mniSvnelovani istoriuli mxare iyo, romelsac md. alaznis marcxena
mxaris auzi ekava. is moicavda Zveli hereTis teritoriis nawils.
Sida kaxeTTTan mimarTebiT es mxare gaRma iyo. swored gaRma kax-
eTSi, kerZod ki mdinare storis (Stori) marcxena sanapiros vaxuSti
bagrationi aranTas uwodebs, xolo SemdgomSi mas arTana ewoda. mis
Semdeg mdebareobs lopotisxevi, sadac, rogorc k. xaraZe wers, qris-
tianobas wminda anton martyofeli qadagebda (xaraZe.2010: 147; 150-
159
151). am soflis Sesaxeb gazeT droebis 1880 wlis nomerSi aris mcire
informacia, avtoris sityvebiT: es sofeli mTis yureSia Sefenili,
ise rom, vidre Sig ar Sexval, ver SeamCnev, Tu aq sofelia. es mTa
erTi ukeTesTagania kaxeTSi mcenareobiT. arTanidan sofel fSavSia
gadasasvleli (droeba.1880: 2).
qalaq Telavis oficialur veb-gverdze sofel arTanis Sesaxeb
vkiTxulobT: „Telavis municipalitetidan 26 km-is daSorebiT kavka-
sionis mTis kalTebis samxreTiT mdebareobs sof. arTana, romelsac
aRmosavleTis mxridan Camoudis mdinare didxevi Tvalwarmtaci xe-
obiT. sofeli dasaxlebulia uxsovari droidan. amboben, rom me-17
saukunemde sofels erqva iulTa, romelic mdebareobda dRevandeli
dasaxlebidan 2-3 km-iT dasavleTis mxares, mis teritoriaze aRmoCe-
nilia romauli monetebi da sxvadasxva nivTebi. gadmocemiT dRevan-
deli saxelwodeba „arTana“ warmoiqmna, lekianobis dros erT-erTi
tyvis xvewna-mudaridan „ar wamiyvano Tana“-o. soflis teritoriaze
arsebobs 24-mde istoriuli Zegli, romelTagan umravlesoba nan-
grevebis saxiTaa SemorCenili.
rogorc amboben, salocavebis udidesi nawili agebulia Sua sau-
kuneebSi, maT Soris gamoirCeva: I. yovladwminda samebis saxelobis
taZari (soflis sasaflaoze) VI-VII saukuneebSi. II. soflis centrSi
ganTavsebulia RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesia. III. soflis TavSi ka-
vkasionis erT-erT kalTaze agebulia wm. giorgis sax. ukarebo ekle-
sia. gadmocemiT es eklesia ukavSirdeboda alaverdisa da nekresis
taZrebs“ (Telavi.gov.ge).
rogorc vxedavT, sofeli arTana sakmaod mdidaria taZrebiTa da
arqeologiuri ZeglebiT. maT Soris gamorCeulia meeqvse-meSvide sau-
kunis yovladwmida samebis saxelze aSenebuli taZari, aseve, wminda
giorgis saxelobis ukarebo eklesia, romelic, rogorc aRniSnulia,
alaverdisa da nekresis taZrebs ukavSirdeboda. es orive mxare (ala-
verdi da nekresi), rogorc mogexsenebaT, wminda ioanes mowafeebis
160
samoRvaweo areali gaxldaT. SesaZlebelia, rom aRniSnuli taZrebi
(arTanis), wminda ioanes mowafis saxelTan iyos dakavSirebuli. aqedan
gamomdinare, sainteresoa, romeli mowafe wavida iulTas anu arTa-
nas mxareSi? SesaZlebelia, rom es iyos aTTormetTagan romelime,
an saerTod sxva mowafe, romelic wminda ioanes mowafe mas Semdeg
gaxda, rac is saqarTveloSi Camovida. aRniSnuli kuTxiT Cven kvleva-
Ziebas vagrZelebT.
rac Seexeba „zena sofels“, es adgili manamdec iyo naxsenebi uSua-
lod wminda ioanes cxovrebis aRweraSi. mis win CamoTvlili monas-
trebi kaxeTis teritoriaze mdebareobs, aqedan gamomdinare, aRniS-
nul „zena sofelSi“ igulisxmeba is adgili, romelic moxseniebul
dasaxlebebTan mimarTebiT „zena sofelad“ iqneboda wodebuli, anu
gacilebiT mTiani adgili. im droindeli kaxeTis Tu romeli zena
sofeli igulisxmeba, es dRes rTuli gasarkvevia, magram faqtia, rom
„zena sofelSi“ daarsebuli monastris wes-gangeba sakmaod mkacri
iyo da iq mdedrobiTi sqesis warmomadgeneli _ arc adamiani da arc
sxva ram _ ar Sedioda. es aris pirveli da SeiZleba erTaderTi faq-
ti saqarTvelos teritoriaze, sadac mamaTa monasterSi mdedrobiTi
sqesis adamiani, cxoveli da mfrinveli ar an ver Sedioda.
wminda ioane zedaznelisa da misi mowafeebis ZalisxmeviT saqarT-
veloSi manamde arsebuli anaqoretuli monozvnoba kidev ufro gan-
mtkicda. amis Sesaxeb wminda grigoli (feraZe) wers: „qarTuli ber-
monazvnoba Tavisi anaqoretuli formiT sirieli mamebis daarsebuli
ver iqneba. is maT Camosvlamde didi xniT adre arsebobda saqarT-
veloSi. sirieli mamebi ufro kinobituri cxovrebis damaarseblebi
arian - amaSia maTi sidide da waruSleli mniSvneloba.“ (mwignobro-
ba qarTuli.2012: 167). wminda grigolis am mosazrebas veTanxmebiT
Cvenc, rasac sadisertacio naSromSi sxvadasxva faqtebze dayrdno-
biT gadmovcemT. TumcaRa aqve aRvniSnavT, rom saqarTveloSi wminda
asurel mamebamdec dasturdeba kinobituri saxis monozvnobis ar-

161
seboba, razec aseve sadisertacio naSromSi gveqneba saubari. wminda
ioanesa da misi mowafeebis Rvawli didia eklesiis winaSe, maT axali
Zalebi Semates qarTul monozvnobas da iseve Seuwyves mis „popular-
izacias“ xeli, rogorc es wminda antoni didma (daaxl. 251-352 ww.)
gaakeTa meoTxe saukuneSi.
samwuxarod, zogi mecnieri, gansakuTrebiT k. kekeliZe, wminda
asurel mamebs monofizitebad miiCnevda, sakuTar mosazrebas ki sakma-
od gaumyarebeli argumentebiT amtkicebda. mis am mosazrebas safuZ-
vlianad akritikeben iv. javaxiSvili, wminda arqimadriti grigoli
(feraZe), mitropoliti anania (jafariZe) da sxva mecnierebi. maTi dio-
fizituri mrwamsisa da moRvaweobis Sesaxeb mitropoliti anania wers:
„asurelma mamebma 30 weliwadSi gaweuli Rvawlis wyalobiT SeZles ara
marto qalkedonizmis sruli gamarjvebisaTvis mieRwiaT, aramed, rac
aranakleb mniSvnelovania, qalkedonizmis gamarjvebam Seqmna Teori-
uli safuZveli qarTuli da somxuri eklesiebis urTierTdaSorebi-
saTvis, somxuri eklesia ki Tavisi enisa da kulturis gavrcelebas
cdilobda mTel iranul amierkavkasiaSi, ase rom, asureli mamebis
moRvaweobam ganamtkica qarTuli kulturis erovnuli safuZveli da
Tavidan iqna acilebuli erovnul-kulturuli gadagvarebis aSkara
safrTxe~. (mitropoliti anania.2009: 389).
wminda asurelma mamebma sakuTari cxovrebis wesiT da RvTisadmi
uwyvetad aRvlenili locviT saqarTveloSi qristianoba ganamtkices
da saqarTvelo aarides im did gansacdels, rasac monofizitoba
hqvia, romlis gavrcelebasac qarTlSi gabatonebuli sparselebi
lamobdnen.
aqedan naTlad Cans, rom wminda ioane zedaznelisa da misi mowafee-
bis Rvawli mravlmxrivi iyo, rac gamoixata saqarTveloSi monozvnuri
cxovrebis ganmtkicebasa da qarTveli eris sulier gabrwyinebaSi.
aseve, gansakuTrebulia is roli, romelic maT monofizitobasTan
winaaRmdeg brZolaSi gaswies da SeZles sparseTis mier aneqsirebuli
162
saqarTvelos teritoriebi cru monofizituri swavlebisgan daecvaT.
wminda ioane zedaznelisa da misi mowafeebis mier daarsebuli mon-
astrebi sulierebisa da ganaTlebis umniSvnelovanes kerebad iqcnen.
gamoyenebuli literatura:
1. abulaZe il. asurel moRvaweTa cxovrebis wignTa Zveli redaqcie-
bi. Tbilisi 1955 w.
2. gabiZaSvili e. Sromebi tomi III. Tbilisi 2011 w.
3. kakabaZe s. asurel mamaTa cxovrebaTa arqetipebi. tfilisi 1928 w.
4. kekeliZe k. Tbilisis universitetis moambe wigni VI, `sakiTxi siri-
el moRvaweTa Sesaxeb~. 1926 w.
5. merkvilaZe d. asureli mamebi. VI s.-is sirieli moRvaweni saqarT-
veloSi. t. I. Tbilisi 2006 w.
6. mitropoliti anania (jafariZe), saqarTvelos samociqulo ekle-
siis istoria. Tbilisi 2009 w.
7. mwignobroba qarTuli. t. 14 wminda mRvdelomowame grigol fe-
raZe. `bermonazvnobis dasawyisi saqarTveloSi~. Tbilisi 2012 w.
8. saqarTvelos samoTxe. Sekrebilia da gamocemulia gobron (mixail)
sabininis mier. Tbilisi 2010 w.
9. qarTlis cxovreba, juanSeri, „cxovreba vaxtang gorgaslisa“.
Amsi.ge
10. qarTuli hagiografiuli Zeglebi t. III. red. abaSiZe l. Tbilisi
2008 w.
11. xaraZe k. kaxeTis istoriuli geografia, Tbilisi 2010 w.
12. javaxiSvili iv. Txzulebani Tormet tomad. tomi I. Tbilisi 1979
w.
13. gazeTi droeba 1880 wlis, 22 oqtomberi.
14. „arTana“. Telavi.gov.ge
15. goilaZis v. statia: „anton qarTveli da svimeon mesvete (asurul-
qarTul urTierTobis istoriidan VI saukuneSi)“. institutehist.ucoz.
163
net
Some questios in St. Ioane Zedazneli’s work
Grigol bendeliani
Syrian-born father became a monk in a monastery near Antioch and

with his holy life quickly became prominent as Wonderworker. The Saint
helped people selflessly and a lot of people used to gather around him.
The monk strove for isolation and though as a result of Devine testimony,
he refuses his will and travels to Georgia with disciples. Visiting Georgia
he starts strict ascetic life and strengthens the Christian life .Ascetic expe-
rience and the spiritual teaching is clear in his life in which the Saint vir-
tuous to God. Saint and his disciples are strengthening anachoretic mo-
nastic life and by their afforts cenobitic kind of monasticism was spread.
164
zogierTi madiferencirebeli enobrivi maxasiaTeb-
lisaTvis gelaTur skolaSi da metafrastuli krebuli
ioane qsifilinosisa
gela tarielaSvili
terminologiuri, sityvaTSemoqmedebiTi, yofiT-leqsikuri da

gramatikuli niSnebis mixedviT gelaTSi Targmnil TiTqmis yvela Ze-
gls aSkarad upirispirdeba ioane petriwis ucilobeli Targmanebi
(igulisxmeva nemesios emeselis bunebisaTvis kacisa A2579 da prokles
Teologiuri traqtati H1339). yvela sxva xelnaweri mTeli rigi
sadiferencio maxasiaTeblebiT erTnair suraTs gviCvenebs, Tumca
gansxvavebebs maTSic vawydebiT. aRniSnuli teqstebi SeiZleba or jg-
ufad daiyos. pirvelSi Tavsdeba amonios ermiasis Txzulebani(S2562),
gelaTis katenebiani biblia (A1108, Q1152), Teofilaqte bulgarelis
ioanes saxarebis ganmartebis Targmani (A52), maqsime aRmsareblis
Txzulebani (K14). meore jgufSi erTiandeba Teofilaqte bulgar-
elis markozisa da lukas saxarebaTa ganmartebebi(A102, A103), rom-
lis mTargmnelad miCneulia ioane WimWimeli, petre gelaTelis mier
Targmnili ioane sinelis klemaqsi (A39, H2188), eklesiastes cnobili
Targmani (A62).
rac Seexeba ioane qsifilinosis metafrastul krebuls (K1,K2.
K3,K4,K5), igi iTargmna gelaTSi,xolo XVI saukuneSi gelaTSive gadai-
wera afxazeTis kaTalikosis evdemon CxetiZis ZalisxmeviT. dReisaT-
vis qsifilinosis sakiTxavebi swored evdemon CxetiZiseuli redaqci-
iT gvaqvs SemorCenili. maSasadame, ioane qsifilinosis metafrastul
krebulTan dakavSirebiT cnobilia mosazreba korneli kekeliZisa,
romlis mixedviT aRniSnuli sakiTxavebi mefe demetre pirvelis dros
unda Targmniliyo ioane petriwis mimdevrebis mier (k.kekeliZe 1957.
gv.158) da ediSer WeliZis mier warmodgenili gelaTSi Targmnil Ze-
165
glTa cxrilis monacemebi, sadac IV jgufSi qsifilinosis sakiTxavebi
erTiandeba gelaTuri bibliis, amonios ermiasis Targmanebis, maqsime
aRmsareblis Txzulebebis, Teofilaqte bulgarelis ioanes Tavis
ganmartebis gverdiT. (e. WeliZe 1994-995. gv.122).
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, gelaTis testTa kvlevisas sayur-
adReboa enobrivi faqtebis dalageba terminologiuri, sityvaTSe-
moqmedebiTi, yofiT-leqsikuri da gramatikuli niSnebis mixedviT.
amgvari dayofa gvexmareba CvenTvis saintereso xelnaweris Targm-
nis TariRisa da mTargmnelis vinaobis miaxloebiT dadgenaSi. 1996
wels gamovida gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademiis uwyebani, romelSic
damana meliqiSvilma warmoadgina madiferencirebeli enobrivi niS-
nebis cxrili, romelSic avtors ocamde enobrivi maxasiaTebeli aqvs
gamoyofili (d. meliqiSvili. 996. gv.72). vfiqrobT, aRniSnuli cxri-
lis monacemebi sayuradReboa gelaTur teqstTa kvlevisas, radganac
mkvlevars saSualeba eZleva xelnawerSi dafiqsirebuli monacemebi
Seudaros erTmaneTs, daadginos maT Soris msgavseba da gansxvaveba.
damana meliqiSvilis mier warmodgenil maxasiaTebelTagan Cven Se-
varCieT sami madiferencirebeli enobrivi niSani. esenia „mebr“ for-
mantis gamoyeneba windebulad berZnuli „κατά “ elementis Sesatyvisad
„mebr xatad“ tipis konstruqciebSi, romelic mxolod ioane petriwis
ucilobel TargmanebSi gvxvdeba, xolo sxvagan, Cveulebriv, martivi
moqmedebiTi an viTarebiTi brunvis formiT gadmoicema. „gu“ prefiq-
sisa da „ye“ sufiqsis xmareba grZnoba-aRqmisa da yola-qonebis Si-
naarsis gamomxatvel saSualo da statikuri vnebiTi gvaris zmnebTan
micemiTSi dasmuli obieqtis mravlobiTobis aRsaniSnavad. vfiqrobT,
es sakmaod sando sadiferencio niSania, radganac gelaTur teqstebs
or jgufad yofs da terminologiuri monacemebi, romelTa mixedviT
ioane petriwis ucilobeli Targmanebi aSkarad upirispirdeba gelaT-
Si Targmnil TiTqmis yvela Zegls.
„mebr“ Tandebuli qarTulSi, rogorc cnobilia, naTesaobiT brun-
166
vaSi dasmul saxels daerTvis da msgavsebis Sinaarss gadmocems. „mebr
guamiT,“ „mebr xatad“ konstruqciaSi windebulis rolSi mocemuli
„mebr“ elementi, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, berZnul „κατά“ windebuls
Seesatyviseba da aseve msgavsebis SinaarsiT aris datvirTuli. ufro
naTlad, rom warmovidginoT petriwiseuli mTargmnelobiTi stilis
zemoT aRniSnuli Tavisebureba, moviyvanoT erTi magaliTi iq, sa-
dac saubaria „pirveldawesebulisa“ da „pirvelmRebis“ filosofiuri
terminebis Sinaarsze. nemesios emeseli Tavis filosofiur naSromSi
„bunebisaT¢s kacisa“ aRniSnavs: „ψευδής έ στίν ή πρότασις καί ένταύθα,
κατά πρόλεψις“ (PGt 40). davakvirdeT aRniSnuli adgilis petriwi-
seul Targmans: „tyuvil vinaive ars pirveldawesebuli da aqaca mebr
pirvelmRebisa.“ rogorc vxedavT, ioane petriwi zedmiwevniT zustad
gadmogvcems berZnul teqsts da aRniSnavs, rom mcdaria winamZRvari
winaswar aRebulisamebr. „κατά πρόλεψις“ petriwis mier iTargmneba
„mebr pirvelmRebisa.“ aRniSnul konstruqciaSi „mebr“ elementi ms-
gavsebis, igiveobis SinaarsiT aris warmodgenili. igive semantikuri
datvirTva aqvs „κατά “ windebuls berZnul teqstSi.
berZnul teqstebSi „κατά “ windebuli, garda msgavsebisa sxva funq-
ciiTac SeiZleba Segvxvdes. magaliTad, mas SeiZleba gaaCndes winaaRm-
degobis, dapirispirebis Sinaarsi. „έαν ού προσφέρής τό δόρόν σού έπί τό
θυσιαστήριον κακεί μνησθής ότι ό άδελφός σού έχει τι κατά σού„ukueTu Ses-
wirvide Sesawiravsa sakurTxevelsa zeda da mun mogexsenos Sen, vi-
Tarmed Zma¡ Seni gulZ¢r ra¡me ars SenT¢s“. (maTe 5,23) „κατά“ windebuli
saxelTan erTad gadmoicema Cveulebriv moqmedebiTi brunvis formiT
„χρηματισθ είς δέ κατ όναρ άνεχώρησεν εις τα μέρη τής Γαλιλαίας“ „brZaneba¡
miiRo CuenebiT da warvida kerZoTa galile¡sTa“. (maTe 2,22). „κατά “
windebulma naTesaobiT brunvasTan SeiZleba aRniSnos mimarTuleba
„ώρμης πάσα ή άγέλη τών χοίρων κατά τού κρημνού εις τήν θάλασσαν“ “da
mimarTa yovelman man koltman RorTaman kbodesa mas zR¢sasa“ (maTe 8,
32). „κατά“ windebuli SeiZleba Segvxvdes mimarTebis funqciiT „είπωσι
167
πάν πονηρόν ρήμα καθ ύ μών ψευδόμενοι έ νεκεν έ μού“ „Tquan yoveli si-
tyua¡ boroti Tquenda momarT sicruviT CemT¢s“(maTe 5.11).
„κατά“ windebulis CamoTvlil funqciaTagan, rogorc qvemoT da-
vinaxeT, CvenTvis gansakuTrebiT saintereso gaxlavT mimarTebis
mniSvnelobis gadmocema. saerTod ki qarTveli mTargmneli Targm-
nis procesSi, ra Tqma unda, iTvaliswinebda „κατά“ windebulis
yvela Taviseburebas, xolo ioane petriwma specifikuri konstruq-
cia Seqmna, romelSic „mebr“ Tandebuli, qarTuli enis bunebidan
gamomdinare,msgavsebis SinaarsiT gadmoicema. aqve SevniSnavT, rom
gaTvaliswinebulia berZnuli enis buneba da Tavad „κατά“ windebulis
funqciuri datvirTva.
ukve mivuTiTeT, rom „mebr cisa“tipis konstruqcia ZiriTadad io-
ane petriwis ucilobel TargmanebSi gvxvdeba. damana meliqiSvilis
cxrilis monacemebis mixedviT „mebr“ elementi windebulis funqciiT
iSviaTad, magram mainc dasturdeba „ioane sinelis klemaqsSi,“ ro-
melic petre gelaTelma Targmna.sainteresoa, rom amgvari konstruq-
ciis ori SemTxveva daiZebna ioane qsifilinosis sakiTxavebSi, konkre-
tulad agvistos sakiTxav wignSi. orive maTgani pirveli agvistos
sakiTxavebSi gvxvdeba, e.i. im TxzulebaSi, romelSic moTxrobilia
makabel ZmaTa wamebis ambavi. pirvel SemTxvevaSi „mebr“Tandebuli,
romelic windebulis funqciiT aris warmodgenili, msgavsebis, igi-
veobis Sinaarss gamoxatavs „rameTu T¢T mebr mZlavrsa mas ersa missa
daukvirda moTmineba¡ maTi.“ radganac teqstis berZnuli dedani ar
arsebobs, rTulia zedmiwevniT raimes mtkiceba. davakvirdeT konte-
qsts, aRniSnul magaliTSi saubaria mTeli eris gakvirvebaze, msgavsad
„mZlavrisa.“ romelic Seecada makabel ZmaTa dayoliebas, raTa maT
SeecvalaT rjuli, magram, maTi saSineli tanjva–wamebis miuxedavad,
es ver moaxerxa, ris gamoc iyo gakvirvebuli mTel xalxTan erTad.
rac Seexeba meore magaliTs, aq Tavisebur SemTxvevasTan gvaqvs
saqme. „mebr“ elementi gadmocems ara msgavsebas, aramed mimarTebis
168
SinaarsiT aris warmodgenili, rac qarTuli enis bunebisaTvis damaxa-
siaTebeli ar gaxlavT. „da ese mebr Cemda sawadel ars da siqadul,
xolo Senda sircx¢l da sabralobel.“ rogor unda gavigoT teqstidan
moyvanili magaliTi? „mebr Cemda“ avxsnaT, rogorc Cemda msgavsad,
Tu Cemda mimarT. teqstis mixedviT erT-erTi makabeli Zma eubneba
„mZlavrs,“ igive antioxos mefes, rom Sen mier moyenebuli tanjva
CemTvis sawadeli da sasiqaduloa, xolo SenTvis sasircxvilo da sa-
bralobeli. maSasadame, moyvanil magaliTSi aSkarad mimarTebis fun-
qcia ikveTeba. rogorc vxedavT, „mebr“ Tandebuli, romelic windebu-
lis rolSi gvxvdeba, misTvis damaxasiaTebeli msgavsebis SinaarsiT
ki ar aris datvirTuli, aramed mimarTebis mniSvnelobas gamoxatavs,
rac, rogorc zemoT vTqviT, ar Seesabameba qarTuli enis bunebas.
ratom gadmoicema „mebr“elementiT mimarTebis mniSvneloba? ra Tqma
unda, qsifilinosis mTargmneli icnobda ioane petriwis Targmanis
stils. mas esmis, rom petriwi „mebr“ formants swored „κατά“ wind-
ebulis Sesatyvisad iyenebs,magram petriwisagan gansxvavebiT mTargm-
neli „κατά“ windebulis funqciaTagan swored mimarTebis funqcias
iRebs. e.i. savaraudod „mebr“ elementiT Targmnis iseT „κατά“ wind-
ebuls, romelsac dedanSi konkretulad mimarTebis funqcia gaaCnda.
samwuxarod, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, qsifilinosis berZnuli de-
dani dakargulia, ris gamoc gadaWriT raimes mtkiceba SeuZlebelia,
magram is faqti, rom Cven mier warmodgenil teqstSi „mebr“ elementi
or SemTxvevaSi windebulis funqciiT gvxvdeba, gvafiqrebinebs, rom
qsifilinosis mTargmneli icnobs petriwis stils da, SesaZlebelia,
garkveul SemTxvevaSi nawilobriv iyenebs mas,isic unda aRiniSnos,
rom am TvalsazrisiT ioane qsifilinosis mTargmneli msgavsebas pe-
tre gelaTelTanac avlens.
meore madiferencirebeli enobrivi niSani, romelic Cven dama-
na meliqiSvilis cxrilidan gamovyaviT, gaxlavT „gu“ prefiqsi da
„ye“ sufiqsis xmareba grZnoba-aRqmisa da yola-qonebis gamomxat-
169
vel saSualo da statikuri vnebiTi gvaris zmnebTan micemiTSi das-
muli obieqtis mravlobiTobis aRsaniSnavad. sayuradReboa, rom am
sakiTxs damana meliqiSvilma calke werili miuZRvna (d.meliqiSvili
1996. gv.173). man „gu“ prefiqsisa da „ye“sufiqsis xmarebis Tvalsaz-
risiT gelaTuri teqstebi or jgufad dayo. pirvelSi moTavsda is
Zeglebi, romlebic daviT aRmaSeneblisa da demetre pirvelis epoqaSi
iTargmna. am jgufSi, kerZod, gelaTis katenebian bibliaSi, maqsime
aRmsareblis dogmatur-egzrgetikur TzxulebaTa TargmanSi, amo-
nios ermiasis „mosa£senebelTa“ TargmanSi da Teofilaqte bulgar-
elis ioanes saxarebis ganmartebis TargmanSi micemiTSi dasmuli obi-
eqtis mravlobiToba „ye“ sufiqsiTaa gamoxatuli. sainteresoa, rom
„ye“ sufiqsis gamoyenebas zemoT CamoTvlil ZeglebSi, avtoris az-
riT, kanonzomieri saxe aqvs SeZenili, aseve kanonzomieria „gu“ pre-
fiqsiani formebic. avtori miuTiTebs, rom „gu“prefiqsi gvxvdeba
mxolod zemoT aRniSnuli tipis zmnebTan pirveli obieqturi piris
micemiTis mravlobiTobis gadmosacemad. rac Seexeba meore jgufs,
anu e.w. gviani periodis Zeglebs, avtorma maTSi gaaerTiana iseTi
teqstebi, rogoricaa Teofilaqte bulgarelis markozisa da lukas
saxarebaTa ganmartebani, romlis mTargmnelad miCneulia ioane Wim-
Wimeli, petre gelaTelis mier Targmnili ioane sinelis klemaqsi da
eklesiastes cnobili Targmani. sayuradReboa, rom am jgufis xel-
nawerebSi „gu“ prefiqsisa da „ye“ sufiqsis gamoyenebis SemTxvevebi
zemoT aRniSnul kanonzomierebas scildeba. rac Seexeba ioane petri-
wis ucilobel Targmanebs, isini ufro meore jgufis teqstebs ukav-
Sirdeba, radganac, rogorc avtori aRniSnavs, petriwis ucilobeli
naSromebis enisaTvis „ye“ sufiqsi sruliad ucxo Cans.
rac Seexeba qsifilinosis sakiTxavebs, Cven mier Seswavlil teqst-
Si „ye“ sufiqsis gamoyenebis arc erTi SemTxveva dasturdeba.Tu ar
CavTvliT or faqts, rodesac, SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom „ye“sufiqsis
nacvlad „ve“ elementia warmodgenili. amgvari uzustobani samecnie-
170
ro literaturaSi axsnilia imiT, rom gadamwers SeSlia da ..ye“-s
nacvlad „ve“ gadauweria. moviyvanoT aRniSnuli ori magaliTi: „da
ganTiad aRdgomil iyvnes da aqundave zrunva¡“. am SemTxvevaSi „ye“ su-
fiqsis gamoyeneba Seesabameba gelaTis skolis adreul ZeglebSi dam-
kvidrebul stils, rasac ver vityviT meore faqtze. „da qali dedasa
a£uedra da waravlinave gare aRmosavliT kerZo mamulad“. rogorc
moyvanili magaliTidan Cans, gardamavali zmnis pirdapiri obieqtis
mravlobiToba aris gadmocemuli. maSasadame, aSkaraa saliteraturo
skolis normis darRvevis faqti. sxvagan uamravia iseTi SemTxveva,
romlebSic „ye“ sufiqsi normidan gamomdinare unda gvqondes, magram
ar dasturdeba.
saintereso Sedegs iZleva „gu“ prefiqsiani formebis analizic.
xelnawerebSi maTi SecdomiT xmarebis SemTxvevebi mravlad dastur-
deba.igi xSirad gvxvdeba dinamikuri vnebiTisa Tu gardamavali zmnis
pirveli piris obieqtis mravlobiTobis aRmniSvnelad, rac, rogorc
zemoT vTqviT, normidan gadaxvevad aris CaTvlili.
maSasadame, „gu“-ye“ prefiqs-sufiqsis gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT
Cven mier warmodgenil teqstSi darRvevebi mravlad gvaqvs, rac
gvafiqrebinebs, rom saeWvoa qsifilinosis sakiTxavebis srulad Se-
tana gelaTuri skolis e. w. adrindeli periodis ZeglebTan. rogorc
Teofilaqte bulgarelis saxarebaTa ganmartebebis SemTxvevaSi, rom-
lebic korneli kekeliZem swored „ye“ sufiqsis gamoyenebis gamo or
nawilad gamijna da ioanes saxarebis ganmartebani daupirispira mar-
kozisa da lukas saxarebaTa ganmartebebs, qsifilinosis krebulis
nawili, konkretulad agvistos sakiTxavi wigni, Cveni varaudis Tanax-
mad, SeiZleba gaerTiandes e. w. gviani periodis ZeglebTan. e. i. im
jgufSi, romelSic Tavsdeba iseTi Zeglebi, rogoricaa Teofilaqte
bulgarelis markozisa da lukas saxarebaTa ganmartebebi, ioane sine-
lis klemaqsi da eklesiastes cnobili Targmani.
rac Seexeba teqstis terminologiur analizs, am TvalsazrisiT
171
xelnaweri sruliad efuZneba arsen iyalToelis mTargmnelobiT
stils, Tumca Taviseburebas aqac vawydebiT. yuradReba mivaqcieT
ramdenime termins, romlebic gelaTur teqstebSi sakmaod xSirad
gvxvdeba.
damana meliqiSvili sagangebod SeCerda Zvel qarTul sityvaze
„mimdemi.“ aRniSnuli leqsikuri erTeuli Zvel salaparako enaSi
gavrcelebuli forma iyo da gaaCnda maradiulobis, mudmivobis Si-
naarsi. rogorc avtori miuTiTebs, sityva „mimdemi“ arsen iyalToelma
daamkvidra berZnuli terminis „έντελεχεια“-s Sesatyvisad. igi warmoad-
gens kompozits da iSleba Semdegnairad: εν (windebuli), το τελος (dasas-
ruli, sruli), έχειν (qoneba). sityvasityviT niSnavs srulyofilebaSi
yofnas, dasrulebis qonebas (d. meliqiSvili. 1999. gv.158). maSasadame,
rogorc aRvniSneT, sityva „mimdemi“ arsen iyalToelma berZnuli
terminis „έντελεχεια“-s Sesatyvisad daamkvidra srulyofilebaSi myo-
fobis, dasasrulis qonebis, maradiulobis cnebis SinaarsiT. arseni-
seuli es termini sakmaod xSirad gvxvdeba Cvens xelnawerebSi. movi-
yvanoT ramdenime magaliTi:
„xolo mimdemad fsalmunebda daviTianTa amaTa sityuaTa.“
„xolo ese viTarmed myofi netari dalmatic mowyalebasa mimdemad
hyofda.“
„xolo mieriTgan amcnebda wmida¡ misTanaTa ZmaTa da garegniT mim-
demad misa momavalTa yovliTa saxiTa dacvasa da midrekasa patriar-
qisa nestoris ubnobisagan“.
„rameTu vina¡Tgan mimdemad abralebdes mas sjulisa gadamavlobi-
sa dgomaryofobasa“.
„mimdemad iwurTida wmidaTa da saRmrToTa sityuaTa“.
„ra¡Ta mimdemad Semdgomdaca wmida¡ saxeli RmrTisa¡ iqadagebodes
yovelTagan da ididebodes“.
„vinaiTgan viTar pirvel iTqua, saqme Cueni mimdemi iyo.“
erTi SexedviT SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom termini „mimdemi“ moyvanil
172
magaliTebSi mxolod maradiulobis, mudmivobis SinaarsiT iyos dat-
virTuli da ar gadmoscemdes iseT cnebebs, rogoricaa srulyofile-
baSi myofoba, dasasrulis qoneba. unda aRiniSnos, rom mxolod
mudmivobis Sinaarsis gadmosacemad mTargmneli yovelTvis iyenebs
Cveulebriv yofiT-leqsikur elements „maradis.“
„rameTu maradis wadierobda moxucebuli igi qristesT¢s wamebasa“.
meore termini, romelic aseve xSirad gvxvdeba teqstSi, aris „iW¢“.
rogorc damana meliqiSvili aRniSnavs, igi Sesatyvisia berZnuli ter-
minisa „σκόπος“ rac niSnavs mizans, anu imas, rasac unda miaRwion,
unda ganaxorcielon, mkvlevari iqve miuTiTebs, rom Zvel qarTul-
Si sityvas „mizani“ Seesabameboda „gani“, „sagani“, termini „iW¢“ miz-
nis mniSvnelobiT arsen iyalToelma daamkvidra. berZnul „σκόπος“-s
qarTveli mTargmnelebi sxvadasxvagvarad gadmocemdnen. gvxvdeba
„piri“, „hazri“, „guari“, „saxe da piri“ (d. meliqiSvili 1999. gv.148).
moviyvanoT ramdenime magaliTi teqstidan, sadac „iW¢“ Seesatyviseba
berZnul „σκόπος“-s da gamoxatavs miznis miRwevis Sinaarss.
„xolo mun mosrulman iziara ganzraxvasa coli da keTilisa iWusa
missa ara winaaRdgomi“.
„vinaiTgan vgoneb me, viTarmed amis mimarT xedavs fericvalebisa
iW¢“.
„amasTana oTxive iWusa erTsa WeSmaritebasa mqonebelni“.
„rameTu vinaiTgan RmrTisa¡ yovelisa gangebulebisa iW¢ kacTmoyu-
areba¡ ars“.
„Sen uwyi wadiereba¡ da iW¢ mgzavrobisa¡ amis“.
rogorc vxedavT, qsifilinosis sakiTxavebSi arsen iyalToelis
mier damkvidrebuli es ori termini sakmaod xSirad gvxvdeba. sain-
teresoa, rom xelnawerSi ioane petriwis terminologiuri xedvis
aranairi kvali igrZnoba, Tumca gamonakliss am TvalsazrisiTac
vawydebiT. ediSer WeliZe miuTiTebs, rom termini „δόγμα“ Cveulebriv
iTargmneboda ori umTavresi SesatyvisiT „brZaneba¡“ da „sjuli“. misi
173
azriT, giorgi mTawmindelisTvis ZiriTadia „moZRureba¡“, Teofile
xucesmonazvnisaTvis „sarwmunoeba¡“, egreTve „Sjuli“, efrem mcire
iyenebs or tradiciul termins „Sjuli“ da „brZaneba¡“, ioane Wim-
WimelTan gvxvdeba „Sjuli“, xolo gelaTur teqstebSi, erTi mxriv,
SenarCunebulia tradiciuli „Sjuli“, meore mxriv ki Semotanilia
axali termini „rwmena¡“, „rwmeniTi“, „rwmeniTi Sjuli“. rac Seexeba
ioane petriws, igi upirispirdeba aRniSnul teqstebs da berZnuli
„δόγμα“-s Sesatyvisad xmarobs terminebs: „Tneba¡“, „gardacema¡“, (e.
WeliZe 1994-95. gv.125). qsifilinosis sakiTxavebSi vxvdebiT gelaTur
teqstebSi arcTu iSviaTad gamoyenebul termins „rwmena¡“, aseve „Tne-
basac“, romelic, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, mxolod ioane petriwis
enisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli.SesaZlebelia orive termini erTsa da
imave berZnul sityvas Seesabamebodes. sainteresoa is garemoeba, rom
orive termini teqstSi erTmaneTis maxloblad aris dafiqsirebuli.
mogvyavs is monakveTi teqstidan, sadac CvenTvis saintereso termi-
nebi gvxvdeba:
„xolo Teodosios, saTnoebisagan umetes didad zedwodebuli,
Tesalonikemdi miwevnuli sensa sastiksa Sevarda. sikudilisa SeSineb-
ulman mouwoda qalaqisa mis episkopossa saxeliTa apolonos da mis-
gan iTxovda swavlasa ubralosa da rCeulisa qristianobiTisa sar-
wmunoebisa Tnebisasa ueWvelad, raiTa egreT wmida¡ca naTlisReba¡
miiTualos. xolo man aswavla mefesa mokled da ucdomelad wmidisa
mociqulTa mier vidreme upirates, xolo ukana¡sknel nikea¡s Sina
SekrebulTa patiosanTa mamaTa da moZRuarTagan Cuenda mocemulni
da damtkicebulni sarwmunoebisa rwmenani“. „sarwmunoebisa rwmenani“,
„sarwmunoebisa Tnebisasa“, SesaZlebelia berZnuli terminis „dogmis“
Targmans warmoadgendes, Tumca berZnuli teqstis ararsebobis gamo,
raimes gadaWriT mtkiceba SeuZlebelia. aqve SevCerdebiT erT gare-
moebaze, aRsaniSnavia, rom qsifilinosis sakiTxavebis agvistos wign-
Si gvxvdeba termini „midreka¡“, romelic mxolod ioane petriwTan
174
gamoiyeneboda berZnuli terminis „κίνησις“ Sesatyvisad. sami agvistos
sakiTxavSi, romelic moTxrobilia Rirsi mamebis isakisa da dalmatis
moRvaweobis ambavi, vkiTxulobT: „yovlisa saxiTa midrekasa patri-
arqisa nestoris ubnobisagan“. savaraudod, teqstSi dafiqsirebuli
„midreka¡“ SesaZlebelia warmoadgendes berZnuli „κίνησις“ formis
Sesatyviss, Tumca berZnuli teqstis arqonis gamo gadaWriT verafers
vityviT. rogorc teqstSi dafiqsirebuli am terminebis ganxilvam
dagvanaxa, qsifilinosis mTargmneli, romelic mTlianad efuZneba
arsen iyalToelis mTargmnelobiT stils, icnobs ioane petriwis
mTargmnelobiT Taviseburebebs da zog SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba davuS-
vaT, iyenebs maT.
rodis unda Targmniliyo qsifilinosis sakiTxavebi? rogorc ko-
rneli kekeliZe aRniSnavs, qsifilinosis Targmna marTlac mefe deme-
tre pirvelis dros daiwyeboda, magram SevniSnavT, rom xelnaweris
sididis gamo gamoricxulia igi erT pirovnebas eTargmnas. swored
teqstis sidide gvafiqrebinebs, rom SesaZlebelia masze muSaoba
giorgi mesamisa da Tamaris epoqamde gagrZelebuliyos.
1. k.kekeliZe, 1957-k.kekeliZe, etiudebi Zveli qarTuli literatu-

ris istoriidan t.V.1957
2. k.kekeliZe 1980-k.kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli literaturis isto-
ria. t.I Tb.1980
3. d.meliqiSvili,1998-d.meliqiSvili, gelaTis saliteraturo
skolis enobrivi stilis erTianobisa da individualurobis
sakiTxisaTvis. gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademiis uwyebani.1998.
4. d.meliqiSvili, „ye“sufiqsi gelaTur teqstebSi, rogorc mag-
aliTi dialeqturi formis saliteraturo enaSi damkvidrebis
175
cdisa, qarTveluri memkvidreoba t.I.1996
5. d. meliqiSvili 1999-d. meliqiSvili, Zveli qarTuli filoso-
fiur-Teologiuri terminologiis istoriidan. Tb.1999.
6. e. WeliZe, ioane petriwis cxovreba da moRvaweoba, Jurnali „re-
ligia.“ 1994-1995.
7. e. WeliZe 1999, kvlav ioane petriwis Sesaxeb, Tbilisis sasuli-
ero akademiis Sromebi. t. I.1999
On Some Differential Linguistic Features of the Gelati School and

the Metaphrastic Collection of Ioane Qsifilinosi
Gela Tarielashvili
All the writings that have been translated in the Gelati School are alike in
their terminological i.e. word creative, everyday vocabulary and grammar fea-
tures, however, indisputable translations of Ioane Petritsi (‘On Human Nature’
by Nemesius of Emesa A25679 and a theological treatise of Proclus H1339)
make a difference. The above-mentioned texts can be divided into two
groups: 1. The writings of Ammonius Hermiae (S2562), the Gelati Bible with
explanations (A1108, Q1152), the Georgian translation of the Explanations of
John's Gospel by Theophylactos Bulgarian (A520), the writings of Maximus
the Confessor (K14); 2. The Explanations of Mark's and Luke's Gospels by
Theophylactos Bulgarian (A102, A103), the "Ladder" of Saint John of Sinai
(A39, H2188), the famous Georgian translation of ‘Ecclesiastes’ (A62 ).
176
saeklesio naqargobaTa ikonografiisa
da mxatvruli stilis Sesaxeb
nino sarava
Zveli qarTuli naqargobis Seswavlisas didi mniSvneloba eniWeba

ucxour masalebze dakvirvebas. gasaTvaliswinebelia sxva qristianu-
li qveynebis naqargobaTa stili, ikonografia da Sesrulebis teqnika,
vinaidan qarTul nimuSebze tradiciulTan erTad SeiniSneba dasav-
luri Tu aRmosavluri xelovnebis gavlena.
saeklesio naqargobis pirveli nimuSebi Semogvinaxa axlo aRmosav-
leTis qristianulma qveynebma - egviptem da siria-palestinam. weri-
lobiTi wyaroebi qsovilze gamosaxulebis arsebobisa ukve adreqris-
tianuli xanidan mogvepoveba, mag. epifane kviprelis werili (+403)
ierusalimis patriarq ioanesadmi amowmebs faqts, rom palestinis
erT-erT dasaxlebaSi - anavlataSi epifanem naxa kretsabmeli qriste-
sa Tu sxva wmindanis gamosaxulebiT. arsebobs aseve VIs.-is mwerlis
pavle silenciaris mier dawerili konstantinopolis aia sofiis taZ-
ris aRwerilobac, sadac moxseniebulia kretsabmeli macxovrisa da
mociqulTa TavTa gamosaxulebebiT (Drozdova. 2003:15).
uadresi nimuSebi saeklesio moqarguli qsovilebisa SemorCenilia
egvipteSi da daTariRebulia VI s.-iT. mag. klivlendis muzeumSi inaxe-
ba egvipturi kretsabmeli, romelzec gamosaxulia aRsaydrebuli
RvTismSobeli yrmiTa da angelozebiT, zeda nawilSi - taxtze mjdomi
qriste angelozebiT, xolo moCarCoeba Semkulia feradi yvavilebis
ornamentebiTa da medalionSi Casmuli 12 mociqulis naxevarfigure-
biT. egviptidan aris aseve viqtoria da albertis muzeumSi daculi
mRvdlis Sesamoselis nawili - wriuli qsovili, romelzec oqrom-
kediT amoqargulia `xarebisa~ da èlisabedisa da mariamis~ Sexvedris
scena (sur. 1), garSemo Semovlebulia gulebisa da yvavilebisagan Sem-
dgari àntikuri~ ornamenti.
12. გელათის სასულიერო აკადემიისა და სემინარიის შრომები 177

bizantiuri liturgiuli naqargi qsovilebidan, samwuxarod, XIIs.-
ze adrindeli nimuSi ar SemorCenila. cnobilia, rom VIII-IXss.-Si xat-
mebrZoleoba mZvinvarebda, romlis drosac ganadgurda qristianuli
xelovnebis mravali iseTi nawarmoebi, romelzec arsebobda gamosax-
ulebebi. xolo mematiane nikitas xoniatesis moTxrobiT, 1204 wels
aia sofiis oqromkediT naqargi fardebi moxsnes, raTa gadaednoT da
amgvarad gadaexadaT jvarosnebisaTvis. rogorc Cans, konstantinopo-
lis naqargobaTa udidesi nawili am omebs Seewira (Woodfine, 2012:32).
bizantiuri saeklesio naqargobis uZveles nimuSad miCneulia da-
farnaTa wyvili, romlebic inaxeba germaniis halberStadtis kaTe-
dralis saganZurSi da TariRdeba 1185-1195ww.-iT. dafarnebze evqa-
ristiis kompoziciaa warmodgenili. did dafarnebze `micvalebuli
qristes~ figuris gamosaxva mogviano periodSi daiwyes. uadresi ase-
Ti nimuSia Tesalonikis dafarna-cai, romelic 1300 wliT TariRdeba
(sur. 2). masze gamosaxulia lodze dasvenebuli macxovris figura
misken gadaxrili oTxi angeloziT, xolo dafarnis marjvena da mar-
cxena nawilSi warmodgenilia macxovris xorciTa da sisxliT zi-
arebis scenebi. dafarnis bordiurebi gaformebulia wreSi Casmuli
tolmklava, bologafarToebuli jvrebis motiviT, wreebs Soris ki
rombebia Casmuli. mecnierTa azriT, Tesalonikis didi dafarna gar-
damavalia epimanikasa da gardamoxsnas Soris (Betancourt, 2015:55).
Tesalonikis Semdeg erT-erTi uZvelesia serbuli gardamoxsna,
romelic belgradis muzeumSia daculi da TariRdeba 1282-1321ww.-
iT. masze micvalebuli qriste zedxediT aris gamosaxuli. mas xelebi
gadajvaredinebuli aqvs zustad iseve, rogorc es turinis sudaraze
arsebul macxovris sxeulis anabeWdzea asaxuli. TeZoebidan mux-
lamde dafarebuli aqvs kvadratuli formis jvriani qsovili. foni
Sevsebulia rvaboloiani varskvlavebiT da wreSi Casmuli tolmklava
jvrebiT. dafarnaze aseve gamosaxulia mfrinavi angelozebi da qeru-
bimebi. bordiurebi aqac Semkulia wreSi Casmuli jvrebiT.
178
garkveuli ar aris, Tu ra periodidan Cndeba did dafarnaze `dat-
irebis~ scena. gabriel milesa da uaren uidfinis azriT, uadresi
nimuSi, romelzec asaxulia datirebis scena TariRdeba 1422 wliT. es
aris rumineTis qozias monastris gardamoxsna, romelzec macxovari
aseve jvrulad dawyobili xelebiT aris gamosaxuli, RvTismSobeli
daxrilia macxovris TavTan, fexebTan ki daxrilia wm. ioane RvTisme-
tyveli, maT ukan warmodgenilia fexze mdgomi oTxi mTavarangelozi.
saflavis lodis qvemoT mTel sigrZeze mcenareuli ornamentia gamo-
saxuli.
XIV-XVss.-is bizantiuri gardamoxsnebis nimuSTagan sainteresoa
aTonis wm. mTis vatopedis monastris gardamoxsna, romelzec lurj
fonze gamosaxulia micvalebuli qriste jvrulad dawyobili xele-
biT. aq ar Cans arc qvemoT dafenili sudara da arc lodi. kuTxeebSi
samwerobliani diakvan angelozTa naxevarfigurebia warmodgenili,
foni ki mTlianad Sevsebulia wreSi Casmuli, an wris gareSe mocemu-
li tolmklava jvrebiT. bordiurebi Semkulia wreSi Casmuli tolm-
klava jvrebisa da wreebs Soris monacvleobiT vazis rqisagan Semd-
gari mcenareuli motiviT (sur.2). aRniSnuli ornamentuli dekori
farTod gamoiyeneba bizantiur-berZnul saeklesio naqargebze, maT
Soris qarTul gardamoxsnebzec, mag. giorgi VIII-is gardamoxsna 1446-
1466 ww. sveticxovlis gardamoxsnis bordiuri 1632-1680ww (qarTuli
naqargoba, 2011:30). Tumca qarTul gardamoxsnaze vazis rqisagan Sem-
dgari ornamentuli motivi SedarebiT garTulebulia centrSi Cas-
muli rombiT, romelSic tolmklava an gabrwyinebuli jvaria moce-
muli.
berZeni mkvlevaris, maria TeoCaris azriT, vatopedis monastris
gardamoxsnis ikonografia ukavSirdeba `gamocxadebis~ teqsts: `da
vixile Soris saydrisa da oTxTa maT cxovelTa da mRvdelTaisa k r a
v i mdgomarei, viTarca dakluli~ (gamocx. 5: 6). amgvarad gardamox-
snaze warmodgenili micvalebuli macxovari `tarigic~ aris - evqa-
179
ristiis alegoriuli saxe da amave dros esqatologiuri Sinaarsis
matarebelicaa, vinaidan gamocxadebis mixedviT, adamianTaTvis `dak-
luli kravi~ ganikiTxavs, gansjis kacobriobas meored mosvlis Jams.
cnobilia, rom bizantiis imperiis dacemis Semdeg, qargvis cno-
bili saxelosnoebi osmalTa batonobis xanaSic ganagrZobda arsebo-
bas konstantinopolSi, bursaSi da sinopSi. Cvenamde moaRwia cnobil
mqargvelTa saxelebmac, vinaidan postbizantiuri xanidan tradiciad
iqca saeklesio qsovilebze SemwirvelTa da ostatTa saxelebis mox-
seniebac, mag. Teodosia puloposi XVIs.-is miwurulis moRvawe, despi-
neta XVII- XVIIIss.-Ta mijnis ostati, evsebia XVIIIs.-is dasawyisis moR-
vawe, mariora XVIIIs.-is Sua xanebi, kokona ioane XVIIIs.
XVI- XVIIss.-is ostatTa namuSevrebSi SeiniSneba aRmosavluri, oto-
manTa periodis xelovnebis gavlena. aTenis benakis muzeumSi dacul
did dafarnaze cisfer fonze warmodgenilia feSxumze dabrZanebuli
evmanueli, romlis Tavsa da fexebTan dgas ori msaxuri angelozi.
sainteresoa dafarnis moCarCoeba, romelzec ornamentis mcenareuli
wnulebi aris ara wriuli moxazulobis, aramed Seisruli. islamuri
xelovnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia aseve naTeli, mJReri ferebi da
firuzisferis uxvad gamoyeneba, fonis ornamentebiT xaliCiseburad
an badiseburad Sevseba, TiTqos `gadaWedva~.
postbizantiur epoqaSi teqnikuri TvalsazrisiTac xdeba mniS-
vnelovani cvlilebebi. konstantinopolSi, e.w. fanariotebis pe-
riodis (XVI-XXss.) monapovrad unda CaiTvalos oqros Zafebis qveS
nafenis gamoyeneba, [6.] rac figurebs gansakuTrebul reliefur moc-
ulobas aniWebs.
XVIIIs.-Si saeklesio naqargobaTa SemkulobaSi marTalia SenarCuneb-
ulia bizantiuri tradiciebi, Tumca maTSi ukve evropuli xelovnebis
mZlavri gavlena SeiniSneba. tradiciul Tematikas inarCunebda iko-
nografia, magram kompoziciebSi dominirebs naturalisturi orna-
menti. bordiurebi, romlebzec adre Teologiuri Sinaarsis matare-
180
beli teqstebi Tavsdeboda, xSir SemTxvevaSi Canacvlebulia ucxouri
mdidruli ornamentuli motivebiT. cvlileba moxda stilisturi
TvalsazrisiTac, mkacrad ieratiuli figurebi Tavisuflad arian
ganlagebuli da maT ufro idealizebuli, mZafrad emociuri da dra-
matizebuli gamometyveleba SeiZines. ostati evsebia (1723-35), ro-
melic ZiriTadad mcire zomis saeklesio qsovilebis - sabuxarebis,
enqerebis, olarebis Seqmnaze muSaobda, irCevda tradiciul ikono-
grafiul sqemebs, mag. cnobilia wm. anas skitSi, aTonis mTaze dacu-
li evsebias mier grigori burselisaTvis moqarguli enqeri, romlis
centrSic gamosaxulia qriste-angelozi gaSlili gragniliT xelSi,
romelzec aweria àravin gardamoxda zeciT, garna romeli-igi aRhxda
cad~ (ioane 16:28) am sityvebiT gadmocemulia qristianuli kosmolo-
gia: a) sityva RvTis gardamosvla zecidan dedamiwaze (anu gankacebis
idea), b) dedamiwidan STasvla jojoxeTad (jojoxeTis warmotyvevna)
da didebiT aRsvla zecad (amaRleba). enqeris bordiurebi Semkulia
naturalisturi uxvi mcenareuli motiviT, romelzec aSkaraa evro-
puli dekoratiuli nimuSebis gavlena (Theocharis, 1997:97).
wm. anas skitSia aseve daculi konstantinepolel ostat marioras
(1725-58) sabuxarebi, romlebzec epimanikisaTvis tradiciuli Tema -
xarebaa warmodgenili. figurebi barokos stilis TaRis qveS dganan,
romlis orsav mxares gamosaxulia larnakebi. maTgan amozrdilia
stilizebuli mcenareuli ornamenti, romelic sazRvravs TaRebs.
amgvarad, sabuxarTa dekoraciis tipi dasavluri xelovnebis gavle-
niT aris Seqmnili (sur.3).
qargvis cnobili saxelosno arsebobda aseve venaSic, sadac adgil-
obriv xelosnebTan erTad muSaobdnen osmalTa imperiidan ltolvi-
li berZnebi. XVIIIs.-Si venaSi daarsda saxelosno, sadac moRvaweobda
berZeni ostati qristofer Zefari. is iyo ierodiakoni da qargvis
xelovnebas daeufla aTonis mTaze. cnobilia Zefaris mier venis sax-
elosnoSi Seqmnili dionise IV-is Zvirfasi sakosi, daculi aTonis
181
iverTa monasterSi, romelic waruSlel STabeWdilebas axdens mnax-
velze. oqrosferi sakosi mTlianad dafarulia naqargi mcenareuli
xlarTebiT, romelTa Soris Casmulia ferweruli minanqris med-
alionebi mociqulTa da winaswarmetyvelTa gamosaxulebebiT. minan-
qris medalionebi Tavis mxriv garSemowerilia `barokuli~ moCarCoe-
biT. SeiZleba iTqvas sakosis Semkuloba namdvili barokuli stilis
`triumfia~ (sur.4).
yvela am cnobili ostatis namuSevrebi daculia aTonis wm. mTaze,
saberZneTis benakis muzeumSi, inglisis viqtoriasa da albertis muze-
umSi, bulgareTSi, serbeTSi, rumineTSi. maTi damkveTebi iyvnen ro-
gorc sxvadasxva marTlmadidebluri qveynebis sasuliero ierarqebi,
aseve aristokratebi, mefeebi, rusi boiarebi da sxv. Sesabamisad, maTi
naqargebi garkveul nimuSebs warmoadgendnen adgilobrivi saxelos-
noebisaTvis, rogorc ruseTSi, aseve danarCen qristianul qveynebSi.
ruseTSi, iseve rogorc saberZneTsa da saqarTveloSi, arsebobda
adgilobrivi mqargvelTa saxelosnoebi. rusul saeklesio naqargo-
baTa ikonografia da stili TiTqmis sruliad mihyveba da imeorebs
bizantiur nimuSebs, Tumca adgilobrivi tradiciac iCens Tavs, gansa-
kuTrebiT ikonografiuli sqemebis SemuSavebis mxriv. mag. rusul mc-
ire dafarnaTa SemkulobaSi imTaviTve gaCnda `niSiani RvTismSoblis~
saxe. saxelmwifo ermitaJis, moskovis kremlis saxelmwifo istoriul-
kulturuli muzeum-nakrZali, kiev-peCoris nacionaluri istoriul-
kulturuli nakrZali, sergievo-posadis saeklesio muzeum-nakrZali,
saxelmwifo rusuli muzeumi da ruseTis teritoriaze arsebuli sxva
muzeumebi inaxaven didi raodenobiT saeklesio naqargobebs, romelTa
uadresi nimuSebi TariRdeba XII-XIII ss.-iT. mcire dafarnis uadresi, XIII
s.-is, nimuSi daculia ermitaJSi, masze gamosaxulia centrSi `niSiani~
RvTismSobeli, mis garSemo oTx mxares qerubimebi, xolo maT Soris
kompoziciis oTxive kuTxeSi medalionebSi Casmuli maxarebelTa sim-
boloebi (sur.5). es gamosaxuleba dakavSirebulia Zveli aRTqmis wi-
182
naswarmetyvelTa mier ganWvretili macxovris gankacebasTan. am peri-
odidan moyolebuli XVIIIs.-is CaTvliT aRniSnuli siuJeti arsebobas
ar wyvets dafarnaTa morTulobaSi. meore Tema, romelic aseve ucxoa
qarTuli da berZnuli dafarnebis ikonografiisaTvis aris jvarc-
mis kompozicia, romelic rusul dafarnebze gvxvdeba XV-XVIIIss.-is
manZilze. arsebiTi cvlileba rusul naqargobaTa mxatvrul stilsa
da ikonografiul sqemebSi aSkaraa XVIIIs.-is bolodan, roca is, iseve,
rogorc qarTuli qarguli xelovneba, mniSvnelovnad moeqca evro-
puli xelovnebis gavlenis qveS. am periodidan bevri msgavseba SeiniS-
neba rusul, berZnul da qarTul naqargebs Soris. ostatebi iyeneben
barokosa da rokokos stilis mcenareul motivebs, aseve kaTolikuri
eklesiis ikonografiisaTvis damaxasiaTebel detalebsa da nimuSebs.
mag. ermitaJSi dacul jvrul dafarnaze, centrSi Sav fonze wreSi
Casmuli qristes naxevarfiguraa warmodgenili. is trapezTan dgas,
romelzec dabrZanebulia barZimi da feSxumi. evqaristiis aseTi sax-
iT warmodgena metyvelebs ukve dakargul bizantiur tradiciaze da
dasavluri xelovnebis gavlenaze. Tavisi arsiT is mogvagonebs ital-
iur ferweraSi gavrcelebul `saidumlo serobis~ siuJetebs, am Sem-
TxvevaSi warmodgenils mociqulTa figurebis gareSe mklavebze gamo-
saxuli qerubimebi dafnis gvirgvinis msgavs medalionebSia Casmuli,
maT garSemo foni ki vazis mcenareuli ornamentiT aris Sevsebuli.
saqarTveloSi iSviaTad vxvdebiT ucxour nawarms, muzeumebSi
aseTebi faqtiurad ar mogvepoveba, ramdenime gviani periodis gam-
onaklisis garda. es faqti ki imaze metyvelebs, rom saqarTveloSi
qargvis adgilobrivi, Zlieri da mravalsaukunovani tradicia da
Sesabamisad, saxelosnoebic arsebobda. qarTvel ostatTa mier Ses-
rulebuli naqargi saeklesio qsovilebi - gardamoxsnebi, dafarnebi,
Sesamoselebi daculia aTonis mTis monastrebsa da ierusalimis taZ-
rebSi.
uZvelesi qarTuli naqargi enqeri da sabuxarebi XII-XIIIss.-iT
183
TariRdeba, xolo uZvelesi gardamoxsna XVs.-isaa (qarTuli naqargoba,
2011:50). saeklesio naqargobis es nimuSebi gviCvenebs, Tu ramdenad
mWidro sulieri da kulturuli kavSiri arsebobda saqarTvelosa
da bizantias Soris. am naqargobaTa stili da ikonografia berZnul
nimuSebs emyareba. amgvarad, isini Sesrulebulia paleologosuri
stilis mixedviT. enqerze tradiciuli `jojoxeTis warmotyvevnis~
scenaa warmodgenili, xolo kacxis sabuxarze aseve tradiciuli kom-
pozicia - macxovris mier mociqulTa ziareba sisxliTa da xorciT.
sabuxarTa SemkobisaTvis rogorc berZnul da rusul, aseve qarTul
nimuSebze Cveulebriv warmodgenilia `xareba~. mag. SuamTis monastris
sabuxarebi XVII s.-is I nax., sabuxarTa wyvili kaxeTidan 1793w. XVI
_XVII ss.-is berZnul sabuxarebze ramodenime gansxvavebuli scenac
gvxvdeba, aTonis iveronis monasterSi daculia sami wyvili epimanika
Semdegi scenebiT: abraamis stumarTmoyvareoba, anu Zveli aRTqmis
sameba, sulTmofenoba, ziareba da saidumlo seroba, aRsaydrebuli
qriste wm. maTe da luka maxareblebiT flankirebuli da aRsaydre-
buli RvTismSobeli yrmiT wm. ioanesa da wm. markoz maxarebelTa fig-
urebiT.
gansxvavebuli, àratradiciuli~, scenebi qarTul sabuxarebzec
SeiniSneba, gansakuTrebiT gviani periodis nimuSebze, rogoricaa da-
viT garejis sabuxarTa wyvili XVIIs.-is 60-iani wlebisa, romelzec
gamosaxulia ~RvTismSoblis gvirgvindeba~ da `jvriT aspitisa da vas-
iliskos daTrgunva~ (qarTuli naqargoba, 2011:45). aq aSkarad Cans ev-
ropuli xelovnebis nimuSTa gavlena, gansakuTrebiT `RvTismSoblis
gvirgvindebis~ siuJeti, romelic xSirad gvxvdeba adreuli renesan-
sisa da barokos xelovnebaSi. calkeuli detalebic nasesxebia dasav-
luri xelovnebis nimuSTagan, romelic gansakuTrebiT vrceldeba
saqarTveloSi XVIIs.-dan. mag. RvTismSoblis, qristesa da mama Rmer-
Tis RrublebSi warmodgena, RvTismSoblis samosis Targi, maforiu-
mis nacvlad Tavsafari, qristesa da mama RmerTis RiliT mkerdTan
184
Sekruli mosasxami, nacvlad tradiciuli himationisa, suliwmindis
gamomxatveli mtredis mravalsxivian segmentSi moTavseba (sur. 9).
rogorc Cans mqargveli berZnulis nacvlad aq dasavlur nimuSebs
iyenebs.
XVIIs.-Si qarTveli mqargavebi tradiciul bizantiur nimuSebsac iy-
eneben, risi magaliTic aris sabuxarTa wyvili qarTlidan, `vedrebis~
kompoziciiT, 1648w (qarTuli naqargoba, 2011:270_271). sainteresoa
qarTul dafarnebze `qristes miZinebis~ xatis asaxva, romelic xat-
weraSi Cndeba XIVs.-dan, xolo naqargobaSi gacilebiT gvian XVIIs.-dan.,
aseTia Tbilisis erovnul xelovnebis muzeumSi daculi dafarna-cai
1660-1688w.-sa, igive wlebSi ikorTas dafarna Sesrulebuli, bod-
bis wm. ninos monastrisa 1695w. (sur.10), sveticxovlis jvruli da-
farna 1660-1675ww. dakavSirebulia didi paraskevis msaxurebasTan,
kerZod, am siuJetis meore saxeli `nu mtir me dedao~ warmoadgens
`RvTismSoblis tirilis~ sityvebs. qristes miZinebis iSviaTi siuJe-
ti qarTvelma mqargavebma rogorc Cans, aiRes berZnuli nimuSebidan.
veneciis berZnuli institutis muzeumSi daculia dafarna, romlis
centrSic gamosaxulia kuboSi mdgari macxovris welszeviTa SiSveli
figura, daxrili TaviTa da daxuWuli TvalebiT. qristes zurgs
ukan golgoTis jvaria warmodgenili, dafarna TariRdeba XVIIs.-iT.
igive siuJetis mqone dafarna inaxeba aseve kunZul patmosze, wm. ioane
RvTismetyvelis monasterSi (sur.8), XVIII s.-isa. berZnuli siuJetisa-
gan gansxvavebiT, qarTul `qristes miZinebas~ emateba RvTismSoblisa
da wm. ioane RvTismetyvelis figurebi da maxarebelTa simboloebi.
saqarTvelos muzeumebSi dacul sabuxarTa da dafarnaTa umete-
soba Semkulia mcenareul-geometriuli ornamentebiT. quTaisis is-
toriul muzeumSi dacul sabuxarebze ZiriTadad àyvavebuli jvris~
motivi aris warmodgenili (CubiniZe, 2013:32), romelic moqceulia
mcenareuli ornamentisagan Semdgar moCarCoebaSi. am SemTxvevaSi Te-
ologiuri Sinaarsi gadmocemulia ara figuruli scenebis meSveobiT,
185
aramed mcenareTa da yvavilTa qristianuli saxismetyvelebiTi mniS-
vnelobiT. zogadad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mcenareul-yvavilovani or-
namenti qarTul saeklesio naqargobaTa ZiriTadi dekoratiuli mo-
tivia, romelic amkobs moCarCoebebs, an avsebs kompoziciaTa fonebs,
gansakuTrebiT sabuxarebze, mcire dafarnebze, enqerebze, sakosebze.
aniWebs ra naqargobas dekoratiul saxes, is amave dros monawileobs
Tavad kompoziciis ideuri Sinaarsis axsna-gadmocemaSi da, amgvarad,
mcenareuli motivebi damatebiTi saRvTismetyvelo ìnformaciis~
matareblebi xdebian. mag. quTaisis muzeumSi dacul mcire dafar-
naze, gelaTidan, centrSi gamosaxulia mcire zomis momrgvalebul-
mklavebiani jvari, kompoziciis oTxive kuTxeSi ki naxevrad gaSlili
lotosis yvavilia gamosaxuli. dafarnis farTo moCarCoebis wiTel
fonze mcenareuli Reroebisagan Semdgari motivia warmodgenili. es
aris lotosis Reros, foTlisa da gaSlili yvavilis stilizacia.
lotosi igive wylis SroSania, amitom xSirad msgavsi simboluri
datvirTva gaaCniaT. qristianul xelovnebaSi SroSanis swori Rero
ganasaxierebs saRvTo gonebas, daSvebuli foTlebi - Tavmdablobas,
TeTri yvavili - siwmindes, amitom is RvTismSoblis yvaviladac moix-
senieba. SroSani aseve aRdgomis simbolocaa. antikur xelovnebaSi
lotosi srulyofilebis simboloa, radgan misi foTlebi da fur-
clebi wres gamosaxaven. sainteresoa aseve Sumerul-semituri tradi-
cia, romelSic lotosi sikvdils, daflvas, da aRdgomas, momaval
ukvdav cxovrebas ganasaxierebs. sxvadasxva xelovnebis Zeglebze, maT
Soris arqiteqturaSi, Wedurobaze, naqargobebze SroSani/lotosi
xSirad vardulis saxiTac aris warmodgenili.
mcenareul-geometriuli motivebis siWarbe gansakuTrebiT dam-
axasiaTebelia islamuri xelovnebisaTvis. otomanTa, sefianTa mar-
Tvelobis periodSi qarTul naqargobebze xSirad vxvdebiT iseT
motivebs, rogorebic uxvad aris asaxuli aRmosavlur xaliCebze,
moWiquli keramikis filebze, WurWelze, miniaturebze, Wedurobaze,
186
moqargul samosebze, romelTa SemkulobaSi mixakis, vardis, titas,
SroSanisa da ayvavebuli vazis yvavilebis, foTlebisa da Reroebisa-
gan Semdgari ornamentebi, iseve, rogorc qarTul naqargebze, Ziri-
Tad dekoracias warmoadgens. aRmosavlur ornamentikaSi farTod
aris gavrcelebuli SroSanis/lotosis yvavilisa da foTlis stili-
zebuli saxe, romelsac bevri istorikosi àrabeskas~ saxeliT moixse-
niebs, osmaleTSi ki cnobilia rogorc `rumi-xatai~. zog SemTxvevaSi
gamoyenebulia mxolod rumi (sur.9), romelic momdinareobs uZvelesi
periodidan da CarTulia sxvadasxva ornamentul variaciebSi. gviani
Suasaukuneebis qarTul naqargobebze dakvirveba saSualebas iZleva
`rumis~ saxeliT cnobili ornamenti amovicnoT mraval dekoratiul
variaciebSi, mag. is gvxvdeba quTaisis muzeumis rig naqarg Zegle-
bze: dafarnaTa bordiurebsa da centralur kompoziciebSi - #6532,
6587, 6635, 6682 (sur.10), sur. 4792; #6696 olaris moCarCoebaze or-
namenti `rumi~ CarTulia vazis yvavilsa da foTols Soris. aRmosav-
luri xelovnebis Zeglebze, viwro moCarCoebis saxiT, Zalian xSirad
gamoyenebulia àyvavebuli vazis~ motivi, romelzec vazis oTx an
xuTfurcla gaSlili yvavili da mogrZo foToli urTierTmonacv-
leobiT aris gamosaxuli (sur.11). es variacia aseve damaxasiaTebelia
qarTuli xelovnebis Zeglebisa (gansakuTrebiT Wedur nimuSebze) da
maT Soris naqargobaTa viwro an damatebiTi moCarCoebisaTvis (sur.
12).
XVIII s.-is miwurulisa da XIX s.-is qarTul naqargebze ornamentu-
li motivebisa da stilis mkveTri cvlileba SeimCneva. kompoziciebSi
Warbobs Taigulebi, yvavilTa konebi, romlebic lentebiT an bafTe-
biT aris Sekruli. mcenareul ornamentebs ufro naturalisturi
saxe aqvT, vidre grafikuli. mcenareuli Reroebi àmozrdilia~ lar-
nakidan, romelic qveda nawilSi, miwis doneze Tavsdeba. kompoziciu-
rad aseTi Taigulebi amkobs kuTxeebs da is ar avsebs mTlian fons.
figurebi Casmulia `goTur~ an `barokul~ CarCoebSi an TaRebSi. fig-
187
uruli kompoziciebi ukve naklebad gvxvdeba, gansakuTrebiT dasav-
leT saqarTvelos naqarg nimuSebze. XIXs. saerTo mxatvruli donis
dacemiT xasiaTdeba, razec miuTiTebs `gaRaribebuli~ ornamentika,
personaJTa araproporciuli da mouxeSavi figurebi, da rac mTa-
varia, ubralo dekoraciad qceuli kompoziciebi veRar axerxeben
Teologiuri siRrmis Cvenebas.
sur. #1 Tesalonikis dafarnacai, 1300w.
188
sur. #2 vatopedis monastris gardamoxsna, fragmenti
sur. #3 sabuxarebi, ostati mariora
189
sur. #4 sakosi, ostati qristofer Zefari
190
sur. #5 dafarna „niSiani RvTismSobeli“, ruseTi, ermitaJi, XIIIs
191
sur. #6 RvTismSoblis gvirgvindeba, daviT gareji, XVIIs.
192
sur. #7 „qristes miZineba“, bodbis monasteri, XVIIs.

sur. #8 dafarna, XVIIIs. wm. ioane RvTismetyvelis monasteri
k. patmosze.
194
sur. #9 ornamenti „rumi“, keramikuli fila TurqeTidan, detali
Sur. #10 ornamenti „rumis“ variacia qarTul dafarnaze, quTaisis

muzeumi
195
sur. #11 ayvavebuli vazis motivi, Sah sultan huseinis
firmani, 1705w
196
sur. #12 „ayvavebuli vazis“ motivi, enqeri Tbilisis sionidan XVIII
197
1. O. Drozdova Stoleti\ sv\zuy[a\ nitú. Iz istorii cerkovnogo witú\, Ubrus
ú1, dekabrú 2003, Sankt-Peterburg
2. http://antiquitiesexperts.com/rome312.html
3. Warren T. Woodfin, The Embodied Icon: Liturgical Vestments and Sacra-
mental Power in Byz antium, Oxford University Press, 2012y.
4. Roland Betancourt, The Thessaloniki Epitaphios: Notes and Context,
Greek, Roman and Byz antine Studies 55, 2015
5. Maria Theocharis,Church Embroidery, http://www.elpenor.org/athos/en/
e218ck01.asp
6. https://www.studyblue.com/#flashcard/view/14648826
7. qarTuli naqargoba, Tb. 2011w.
8. Maria Theocharis, Gold-Embroidered Ornaments, 03.11.2011 http://pemp-
tousia.com/2011/11/gold-embroidered-ornaments-introduction/
9. Ottoman Era Embroideries from Greece in the Benaki Museum http://
rugrabbit.com/content/embroideries-greece-during-ottoman-era-benaki-
museum-athens
10. M. Theocharis, Church Embroidery: Treasures of Mount Athos. Thes-
saloniki 1997y.
11. Ikonografi\ vostohno-xristianskogo iskusstva, Baza dann]x pam\tnikov
vostohnoxristianskogo iskusstva. http://icons.psgu.ru/idex.php?option=com_
content&view=category&layout =blog&id=32&Itemid=36
12. eliso CubiniZe, qarTuli naqargoba, quTaisi 2013w.
13. Linda Alchin, Meaning of flowers in Christian Art, 21.09.2012, www.medi-
eval-life-and-times. info/medieval-art/meaning-of-flowers-in-christian-art.
htm
14. Na vstrehu svetu ili dalnevostohn]q motiv v rospisi tureckoq kerami-
ki, 11.01. 2014, http://orientceram.livejournal.com/23727.html
198
For the Iconography and Artistic Style of Ecclesiastical
Embroidery
Nino Sarava
The first samples of ecclesiastical embroidery reached to nowadays are

dated back from VI c. This is the roundel of Egyptian origin with annunciation
scene. The most privileged technique of liturgical textile was the gold and
silver embroidery, the application of gold and silver-gilt threads to the surface
of the fabrics, secured in place with silk threads.
In early and medieval ages the iconography and stylistic trends for all
Christian countries were similar according to Byzantine traditions. Even in
old Georgian ecclesiastical embroidery samples we often meet the scenes
widely spread in Byzantine liturgical textiles. In post-Byzantine period em-
broidery workshops at Constantinople and Mount Athos continue to produce
wonderful embroidered textile, the iconography and style of which often is
noticed in the artworks of Serbia, Russia, Georgia etc. together with the local
embroidery traditions. In XVIII-XIX cc. the orthodox iconography and style of
the liturgical embroidered textiles is influenced greatly by west European art.
199
saeklesio-samrevlo skolebi samegreloSi
XIX saukunis pirvel naxevarSi
lali abdalaZe
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebis Semdeg, koloniza-

torebis rusifikatoruli politikis Sedegad, Zvelma saeklesio ga-
naTlebis kerebma saqarTveloSi arseboba Sewyvita. mTavroba Seudga
imperiuli interesebisadmi daqvemdebarebuli axali sasuliero sas-
wavleblebis qselis Seqmnas. rusuli politika ganaTlebis dargSi
iqiTken iyo mimarTuli, rom warmatebiT ganexorcielebinaT rusifi-
katoruli gegmebi.
ruseTTan SeerTebamde arsebuli qarTuli saswavleblebi TiTqmis
mTlianad daixura da daiwyo rusuli skolebis daarseba.
samegrelos sasuliero saswavleblebSi me-19 saukuneSi swavlebis
sakiTxi gascda pedagogiuri kamaTis sferos da erisaTvis sasicocx-
lo mniSvnelobisa gaxda. miT ufro, rom „axalTaobis aRsazrdelad
TviTmpyrobeloba arafers zogavda: arc TvalTmaqcobas, arc da-
jildoebas, arc simkacres da arc viTomda mcire erebis interesebis
dacvas. rusifikatoruli politikis cxovrebaSi gasatareblad TviT-
mpyrobeloba gamodioda viTom megrelebis, afxazebis da svanebis
erovnul-kulturuli interesebis damcvelad, rodesac maTTvis
Txzavda, viTom axals, igive rusul anbans qarTuli mwerlobis da
anbanis winaaRmdeg“ (giorgaZe 1945. 2:59).
XIX saukunis pirvel naxevarSi saswavlo wlisaTvis erTiani, mt-
kice vadebi ar arsebobda. „sruliad ruseTis saswavlebelTa 1804
wlis wesdebis Tanaxmad, saswavlo wlis vada gimnaziebisTvis Sead-
genda periods 1 agvistodan 1 ivlisamde. rac Seexeba saeklesio-sam-
revlo saswavleblebs, romlebic umetesad soflad arsebobda, swav-
la grZeldeboda 6 an 7 Tves weliwadSi (oqtombridan aprilamde) im
mizniT, rom danarCeni dro mowafeebs sasoflo samuSaoebisaTvis mo-
200
exmarebinaT... mecadineoba tardeboda yoveldRe, SabaT-kviris garda.
gakveTili gimnaziebsa da samazro saswavleblebSi grZeldeboda 1 sT-
sa. da 30 wuTs (1828 wlis wesdebiT), saeklesio-samrevlo da sasoflo
skolebSi ki - TiTo saaTs. rogorc wesi, dReSi iyo oTxi gakveTili:
ori diliT da ori naSuadRevs, garda pirveli klasebisa, sadac na-
SuadRevs mecadineoba ar mimdinareobda. amave dros, saswavlo wlis
ganmavlobaSi tardeboda „daxuruli“ da sajaro gamocdebi. daxuru-
li ewodeboda iseT gamocdebs, romlebsac sagazafxulo ardadegebis
win atarebdnen TviT skolis maswavleblebi da administracia ucxo
pirebis dauswreblad. sajaro gamocdebi warmoebda saswavlo wlis
damlevs klasidan klasSi gadayvanisas da saswavleblis damTavrebis
dros. mas hqonda sazeimo xasiaTi, eswrebodnen mTavrobis organoe-
bis warmomadgenlebi. saswavlo weli mTavrdeboda sazeimo sxdomiT,
romelzec ismendnen saswavleblis ufrosis angariSs ganvlili wlis
muSaobis Sesaxeb, maswavlebelTa moxseneba-referatebs, mowafeTa
daxasiaTebebs da maTi TviTSemoqmedebis nimuSebs. cxaddeboda Semdeg
klasSi gadasul (an kursdamTavrebul) mowafeTa sia, ajildoebdnen
saukeTeso mowafeebs da kursdamTavrebulT urigebdnen atestatebs“
(TavziSvili g. 1948. 5 : 156).
atestati sami saxisa yofila: brwyinvale warmatebisa (eZleoda
mowafeebs, romlebmac gamosaSvebi gamocdebis dros miiRes yvela
saganSi niSani 5), mowonebuli warmatebisa (romlebmac yvela saganSi
miiRes niSani ara nakleb 4-isa) da sakmao warmatebisa (anu Cveulebri-
vi, eZleodaT mowafeebs, romlebmac miiRes niSani ara nakleb 3-isa)“
(iqve: 5:158).
saswavleblis gaxsna didxans samegrelos mkvidrTa auxdeneli oc-
neba iyo. jer kidev 1804 wels samegrelos mTavris grigol dadia-
nis mier ungrel profesor Samuel martinisadmi boZebuli wyalobis
wignidan irkveva, rom “mTavarma mas SesTavaza samegreloSi darCena,
yovelwliurad 140 marCilis gadaxdis, odiSsa da leCxumSi 12 komli
201
yma-glexis, bevri sxva ramis boZebis pirobiT (sabadoebis aRmoCenis
SemTxvevaSi maTi micemis pirobiTac), misi Svilis, taxtis memkvidre
levanis aRsazrdelad“ (#.1868.14:512). 1810 wlis 3 oqtombers gener-
ali simonoviCi mTavarmarTebel al. tormasovs werda: „aqaurma (e.i.
imereTis) da samegrelos mitropolitebma, Tavadebma da aznaurebma
mTxoves gaxsna sasuliero saswavleblisa, sadac iswavlian qarTul
enas, rusul enasa da ariTmetikas. maTi es survili sasargeblod da
samarTlianad mimaCnia da Tavs valdebulad vTvli, gTxovT gamogza-
vnoT aq enebisa da ariTmetikis mcodne maswavleblebi Tqveni Sexed-
ulebisamebr xelfasis daniSvniT“ (#.1868.14:336).
1828 wlis debulebiT, dawyebiTi da saSualo ganaTleba samsafexu-
riani iyo: samrevlo skolebi, samazro saswavleblebi da gimnaziebi,
xolo es safexurebi erTmaneTis gagrZelebas, 1804 wlis debulebis
msgavsad, ar warmoadgenda, aramed TiToeuli maTgani dasrulebul
saxes atarebda da gankuTvnili iyo Sesabamisi wodebis bavSvTaTvis:
samrevlo skola -glexebisTvis, samazro saswavlebeli - vaWrebisT-
vis, xelosnebisa da meSCanebisaTvis, xolo gimnazia - aznaurTaTvis.
amierkavkasiis debulebiT, samrevlo skola nagulisxmevi ar iyo,
samazro saswavlebeli orwliani arsdeboda (nacvlad samwlianisa) da
amiT is CvenSi dawyebiT skolas emsgavseboda, gimnazia ki Svidwliani
saswavlebeli iyo, romlis pirveli klasic mosamzadeblad iyo miC-
neuli, II da III klasebs samazro klasebi ewodeboda, xolo sakuTriv
gimnaziurs IV, V, da VII klasebi Seadgendnen. saqarTvelos teritori-
aze arsebul saeklesio- samrevlo skolebSi saswavlo gegmiT gaT-
valiswinebuli iyo: saRvTo sjuli, rusuli da qarTuli wera-kiTxva
(rusuli wera-kiTxva zogierT skolaSi iswavleboda) da ariTmetika
(oTxi moqmedeba) “maswavlebloba davalebuli hqonda soflis adgil-
obriv mRvdels, vinaidan XIX saukunis pirvel naxevarSi saqarTveloSi
ar yofila arc erTi specialuri saswavlebeli dawyebiTi da saSualo
skolebis maswavlebelTa mosamzadeblad“ (basilaZe 2006. 1:68).
202
samegrelos mTavarma levan dadianma, “romelmac SeZlo saeklesio
yma-mamulebis SenarCuneba, ikisra, rom TviTon izrunebda samegrelo-
Si axali tipis sasuliero swavlebis mowyobaze“ (qadaria 2001. 8:190).
amave sakiTze didad zrunavda mTavris pirveli moxele nikoloz da-
diani (1780-1834), romelic gadamwyvet rols asrulebda samegrelos
samTavroSi TiTqmis yvela sakiTxis gadaWraSi. man mTavrisadmi 1818
wels wardgenil „dasturlamaSi“, romelic samTavros marTva-gamgeo-
bis gardaqmnis gegmas warmoadgenda, levan dadians amocanad dausaxa:
“arian samflobelosa Sina Sensa... yrmani keTilSobilni mSvenierni,
marjve Wabukni, bunebiT gonierni, garna saswavlebelni ara sada da
uswavlelni miecemian ubedurebas... umjobes aris da upirveles amisa,
saxsovrad Senisa vinaobisa da keTilobisaTvis da agreTve sazoga-
dod mzrunvelobisaTvis SvilTa mamulTa SenTasa moiyvanoT erTi
sqolastikosi /e.i. maswavlebeli/, romelmac icodes qarTuli da ru-
suli samecniero werili da daadgineT sadacaa jer gaCndes samflo-
belosa Tqvensa, Tvisasa saxliTa da saxmarebliTa, raTa gananaTlos
Zeni Senni da Svilni mamulTa SenTani da iqnes yovliTurT bedniereba
samflobelosa Sina Sensa da Sen dauviwyeblad gadidebdnen da saxeli
Seni daiweros aRuxorcelsa Zeglsa zeda da iqmnen Sen mama Zvelisa
kolxidisa, viTarca ruseTis pirveli petre aleqsis Ze da gewodos
leon ganmanaTlebeli kolxidisa /e.i. menRreliisa/“ (dadiani 1897.
3:38).
am amonarididan kargad Cans niko dadianis suliskveTeba. is same-
greloSi saswavleblis daarsebis aucileblobaSia darwmunebuli.
levan dadianma swored misi, rogorc brZeni mrCevlis, gavleniT ga-
dadga is nabijebi, romlebmac odnav mogvianebiT ganapirobes same-
greloSi pirveli saswavleblis - martvilis saswavleblis gaxsna.
igi gulmodgined ekideboda ganaTlebis saqmes. misi davalebiT same-
grelos mitropolitma besarionma aaSena seminariisaTvis saWiro
Senobebi, “saxli sami xisa maxloblad Wyondidis monastris xarebis
203
eklesiisa zeda“ (nagulisxmevia samoTaxiani Senoba). amis Semdeg, 1827
wels, levan dadianma Wyondidis taZarTan sasuliero saswavleblis
gaxsnis winadadebiT quTaisis general-gubernator gorCakovs, same-
grelos episkoposma (Wyondidelma episkoposma) besarion dadianma ki
- saqarTvelos egzarqoss mimarTes.
martvili uZvelesi droidan cnobilia, rogorc ganaTlebisa da
kulturis didi kera. cnobili qarTveli moRvawe niko nikolaZe wer-
da: „quTaisidan da rkinigzis sxva sadgurebidan 40 versis daSorebiT,
leCxumis mTebis siRrmeSi, aris didi sofeli martvili, romelic 3-4
verszea gaWimuli. sofeli gansakuTrebuls arafers warmoadgens, Tu
mxedvelobaSi ar miviRebT Zvel taZars, episkopos Wyondidelis yo-
fil kaTedras, romelic Tavis droze did rols asrulebda saqarT-
velos istoriaSi“ (nikolaZe 1964. 6:426). didi istoriuli da kul-
turuli warsulis gamo gadawyda swored aq sasuliero saswavleblis
dafuZneba. 1878 wels gazeTi „iveria“ werda: „samegrelos sasuli-
ero saswavlebeli, sruliad bunebrivad, unda gaxsniliyo martvilSi,
Wyondidis taZris gverdiT, Wyondidisa da monastris gavlenis qveS,
radgan samegreloSi martvils hqonda iseTi mniSvneloba, rogorc ro-
mis qalaqs frangTa Soris dasavleT eklesiaSi“ (nikolaZe 968. 7:428).
1827 wlis 30 noembers saqarTvelos egzarqosma ioanem saqarTvelo
imereTis sinodis kantoris sxdomis gansaxilvelad gamoitana samegre-
los mTavar levan dadianis mimarTva quTaisis general-gubernator
gorCakovisadmi da samegrelos mitropolit besarionis 1827 wlis 25
seqtembris mimarTva saqarTvelos egzarxosisadmi samegreloSi Wyon-
didis monasterTan sasuliero saswavleblis gaxsnis Sesaxeb, magram
dadebiTi gadawyvetileba ver miiRes, sakiTxi ver gadawyda maswav-
leblis uyolobis gamo. rogorc T. qadaria SeniSnavs, iq dasaniSni
maswavleblis gamoZebna ver SeZles (qadaria 2001. 8:92).
samegrelos mitropoliti besarion Wyondideli “iTxovda Tbili-
sis seminariidan rusulis maswavleblis gamogzavnas, amave dros
204
atyobinebda egzarxoss, rom mas ar hqonda saxsrebi imisaTvis, rom
maswavleblisaTvis xelfasi gadaexada, amitom Txovda samegreloSi
maswavleblad gamoegzavnaT Tbilisis sasuliero seminariis kursdam-
Tavrebuli ioaTim Selia, romelic, misi mtkicebiT, iyo samegrelos
eklesiis yma da, amdenad, daavaldebulebda mas samegrelos saswav-
lebelSi emuSava uxelfasod“ (ssca. 13:f.489.saqme N2186, furc. 8),
magram samegrelos mitropolits es imedebi gaumtyunda. „ioaTim Se-
liam seminariis xelmZRvanelobasa da egzarxoss warudgina imis dama-
mtkicebeli sabuTebi, rom ar iyo saeklesio yma, aramed iyo aznauri
da man uari ganacxada samegrelos sasuliero saswavlebelSi maswav-
leblobaze. imedgacruebuli mitropoliti isev egzarxoss sTxovs
daxmarebas. egzarxosis TxovniT am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT levan da-
dianTan mimowera gamarTa Tbilisis samxedro gubernatorma sipiag-
inma im mizniT, rom levan dadians ekisra maswavleblisaTvis xelfasis
gadaxda“ (ssca. 13:f.489.saq. #2186, furc. 114).
levan dadiani mas Sehpirda, rom „seminariidan gamogzavnili mas-
wavlebeli uzrunvelyofili iqneboda biniT, SeSiT, ganaTebiT, msaxu-
riT, garda amisa, dauniSnavda yovelwliurad 100 maneTs, vercxliT“
(ssca 13 : f. 489. saqme #2186, furc. 114). rogorc n. sapiaginisaTvis
levan V-is mier 1827 wels gagzavnili werilidan irkveva, besarion
Wyondidels Wyondidis monastris xarebis eklesiis axlos sadgomad
sami oTaxi auSenebiaT. am saswavlebelSi Casaricxad „momzadebul
arian ocdaaTi yrmani, magram saswavleblisa amis gaxsnasa abrkolebs
mxolod erTi umcnobeloba RonisZiebaTa, romelnica maswavlebel-
ostatTa da obolTa sarCosaTvis aucileblad saWironi arian“ (qa-
daria 2001. 8:192).
miuxedavad amisa, maswavlebelTaTvis xelfasis gadaxda mTavarma,
romelic samegrelos eklesiac Tavis sakuTrebad miiCnevda, mainc
besarion Wyondidels daakisra, romelic mas saeklesio Semosavlidan
unda gadaexada. 1828 wlis 2 aprils werilSi saqarTvelos egzarxo-
205
sisadmi besarion Wyondideli wers: “mxolod Cemi eklesiis Semosav-
lidan miecemis naxevari jamagiri rusulis maswavlebelsa da naxeva-
ri mTavarma misces sxva eparqiebidan“ (ssca. 13 : f. 489. saq. #2186.
furc. 114).
martvilis saeklesio-samrevlo skolas samegrelos sasuli-
ero saswavlebeli erqva. am saswavleblis qarTuli enis maswavle-
blad dainiSna martvilis xarebis eklesiis iRumeni daviT asaTiani,
romelsac besarion Wyondideli ase axasiaTebs: “pativcemuli da niWi-
eri pirovneba, saeklesio mecnierebebisa da saRvTo werilebis Rrmad
mcodne“. rusuli enis maswavleblad dainiSna Tbilisis sasuliero
seminariis umaRlesi klasis moswavle roman borisovi, Tbilisis maz-
ris, sof. mcxeTis saeklesio glexis petres Svili, 19 wlis.“ (ssca.
13 : f.489. saq. # 31.f.148-155)
maswavleblebis sakiTxi gadawyda, magram amjerad saswavleblis
gaxsna gadaido besarion Wyondidelis gardacvalebis gamo (garda-
icvala 1828 wlis 16 ivliss), axali mitropolitis daniSvnamde. 1830
wels Wyondidel (samegrelos) episkoposad ekurTxa daviT wereTe-
li, magram rodesac axali mitropoliti Seudga Tavisi movaleobis
Sesrulebas, moxda gauTvaliswinebeli ram: martvilis eklesia mde-
bareobda iseT adgilas, rom Zlieri qarebi didad vnebda Senobebs
da besarion Wyondidelis mier aSenebuli xis Senoba qarma daangria,
mitropolitma daviTma SeZlo saswrafod gamoenaxa saswavleblisT-
vis axali Senoba. man sTxova egzarqoss, 24-e egerTa polkis yofili
“Stab-kvartiris“ Senoba, romelic mdebareobda monastris axlos,
daeTmo saswavleblisTvis. 1830 wlis 20 ivlisisaTvis Senoba mzad
iyo, magram unda aRiniSnos, rom momavalSi arc is aRmoCnda bune-
brivi pirobebisagan daculi. skolis Senoba, amis Semdgomac mraval-
gzis dazianda da adgilSecvlil an SekeTebul iqna, mxolod 1835
wels aaSena maSindelma mitropolitma giorgim SedarebiT mkvidri da
magari qviTkiris Senoba. romelic orsarTuliani iyo. zeda sarTuli
206
xis oTxi oTaxisagan Sedgeboda, romelTagan sami saklaso oTaxi iyo,
xolo erTi - biblioTeka. qveda sarTuli qviTkiris kidev sam oTaxad
iyo dayofili. magram verc am Senobam gauZlo bunebrivi movlenebis
Semotevas. 1841 wlis 17 seqtembers mitropoliti giorgi swers saqa-
rTvelos egzarqoss, rom “palatasa massa Sina aRmoCnda mdinaroba
wylisa, romelmac misca cudi vneba da sam oTaxad gakeTebuli palata
Seadgina erT saxlad, amazed mravalni sxvadasxva mecadineobani Se-
vamzade. garna mcired mdinaroba wylisa, ver moSale umetes zamTriv,
xolo sastiki maT qarisagan da SenobaTaTvis mavneblobisa saswav-
lebelTa dacva vera romelime RonisZieba moupovebiaT winamdgomTa
CemTa da verc me“ (ssca.12 : f. 488. saqme # 4188, furc.4). ase rom, sas-
wavleblis Senoba TiTqmis mudmiv sazrunavs warmoadgenda am skolis
mesveurTaTvis.
1830 wlis 1 oqtombers sazeimo viTarebaSi gaixsna martvilis sam-
revlo saswavlebeli. „gaxsnas daeswro levan dadiani, samegrelos
samRvdeloeba da Tavadaznauroba. samegrelos mitropolitma daviT-
ma akurTxa saswavlebeli. saswavlebelSi swavlas Seudga 50 moswavle“
(qadaria 2001. 8:184).
1831 wlidan martvilis samrevlo skola Tbilisis seminariis gam-
geobas dauqvemdebares da ara quTaisis sasuliero saswavlebels.
1831 wlis 4 marts samegrelos mitropoliti daviTi iwereba, rom
„Tanaxmad maswavleblis roman borisovis gancxadebisa, mowafeebs
ukve dausrulebiaT rusuli anbani, sxva wignebsac kiTxuloben arc
Tu cudad da saWiroa maTTvis rusuli enis gramatikis, saRvTo is-
toriisa da ariTmetikis pirveli nawilis saxelmZRvaneloebi 30-30
calio“ (ssca. 11 : f. 440. saq. #49. f.17). 1833 wlidan martvilis sam-
revlo skola sabaziso sasuliero saswavlebeli iyo.
martvilis saswavlebelSi, iseve rogorc nebismier sxva saswavleb-
elSi, swavlebis done didad iyo damokidebuli maswavleblis rogorc
ganaTlebaze, aseve pirad Tvisebebze.
207
maswavleblebis, dimitri kolubanskis da giorgi gurgeniZis, Ses-
axeb samegrelos episkoposi giorgi kuxalaSvili werda: „maT sakmaod
uCvenes gulmodgineba da maSin vxedavdi me TviT TiTqmis gansxvavebiTs
warmatebas mowafeTagan“. dimitri fominze ki, romelic 1836 wels
dainiSna martvilis saswavleblis maswavleblad, episkoposi giorgi
kuxalaSvili werda: „moswavleebi ara Tu miiReben misgan warmatebasa
swavlisagan, aramed mravalsa uwesobasa xsenebulis uCitelisagan.
marTalia, xasiaTiTa da zneobiT maswavlebel xaritonovs, romelic
martvilis skolaSi 1839 wels dainiSna, dasawuni araferi ar hqonda,
magram swavlebis process ver xelmZRvanelobda. samrevlo saswav-
leblis pirveli maswavlebeli roman borisovi, mitropolit gior-
gis daxasiaTebiT, “mecadineobda friad gulmodginebiT“ (ssca.12 : f.
488. saqme #7709, furc. 4). man pirveli saswavlo wlis bolos, 1831
wlis 27 ivniss moawyo saswavleblis pirvel klasdamTavrebulTaTvis
sajaro gamocda romelsac eswrebodnen levan dadiani, samegrelos
mitropoliti daviTi, samegrelos Tavadaznaurobisa da samRvde-
loebis warmomadgenlebi, agreTve rusi moxeleebi. gamocda Caabara
42 moswavlem. damswre sazogadoeba moxibluli darCa saswavleblis
warmatebebiT. daviTs mowafeTa sazafxulo daTxovnaze uari uTqvams
- mSoblebTan yvelafers daiviwyebeno, xolo meore klasis gaxsnis
gamo „winadadeba misca borisovs, pirvel klasSi rusulisa da qar-
Tulis maswavleblad imave skolis mowafe SeerCia“ (ssca. 11 : f.440.
saq.# 51 f.66 ).
samrevlo saswavleblebis pirvel klasSi iswavleboda: 1. rusuli
ena /wera-kiTxva/; 2. qarTuli ena /wera-kiTxva/; 3. egreTwodebuli
saubrebi qarTul da rusul enebze. rogorc irkveva, daaxloebiT am
programiT mimdinareobda swavla samegreloSi gaxsnili sasuliero
saswavleblis pirvel klasSi (romlis cxrilsac qvemoT warmovad-
genT). 1831 wels gaxsnil meore klasSi ki aswavlidnen: 1. saRvTo
sjuls; 2. rusul enas /gramatika/; 3. qarTul enas /gramatika/; 4.
208
ariTmetikas. yovelive aRniSnuli, 1809 wlis saswavleblebis wesdebis
Tanaxmad, warmoadgenda samrevlo saswavleblebis programas.
samegrelos samrevlo saswavlebels xelmZRvanelobas uwevda da
swavlebis procesze instruqciebs aZlevda Tbilisis sasuliero semi-
naria, romelic swavlebaSi mTavar yuradRebas mimarTavda rusuli
enis swavlebis daCqarebisaken. samegrelos sasuliero saswavleblis
pirveli klasisTvis swored Tbilisis sasuliero seminariis Tavkac-
Ta mier Sedgenil cxrils aseTi minaweri hqonda: „Zalian kargi iqneba
vaiZuloT mowafeebi pirvel klasSive iswavlon rusuli ena da Targm-
na“ (qadaria 2001. 8:11).
samegrelos saeklesio-samrevlo saswavlebels samTavros av-
tonomiis gauqmebamde Zalian uWirda maswavleblebisaTvis xelfasis
gadaxda. amis gamo „samegrelos mitropolits samrevlos saswavle-
blis meore klasis maswavleblad 1836 wels surda daeniSna amave
saswavleblis pirveli klasis kursdamTavrebuli“ (ssca. 12 : f.488.
saqme #2458, furc. 3-9), radgan is imuSavebda uxelfasod imitom,
rom samegrelos eparqiis xelmZRvaneloba maswavleblebisaTvis xel-
fasis gadaxdas ver axerxebda da samegreloSi maswavleblad wamosvla
aravis surda, magram saswavlebeli Tbilisis sasuliero seminariis
xelSewyobiT mainc axerxebda, rom saswavlebelSi yovelTvis hyolo-
daT maswavleblebi. isini umetes SemTxvevaSi uxelfasod muSaobdnen.
Tbilisis sasuliero seminariis xelmZRvaneloba aq gamosagzav-
ni maswavleblebis waxalisebasa da zog SemTxvevaSi Zaldatanebasac
mimarTavda. 1835 wels, rodesac axalgazrda maswavlebel dimitri
kolubanskis mamam sastiki winaaRmdegoba gauwia Tavisi Svilis same-
greloSi samuSaod gagzavnas, seminariis xelmZRvanelobam mowinaaRm-
dege mamis dasja moiTxova.
ufro metad „samegreloSi samuSaod wasvla TanxmobisaTvis mas-
wavlebelTa waxaliseba xdeboda. magaliTad, igive d. kolubanskim
samegrelos samTavroSi muSaobisaTvis jildod kolegiis registra-

toris Cini miiRo, maswavlebeli d. fomini, romelmac samegreloSi
uxelfasod imuSava, Tbilisis sasuliero seminariis SuamdgomlobiT
egzarqosma mRvdlad akurTxa da misTvis sasurvel diRmis eklesiaSi
ganamwesa. maswavlebel giorgi gurgeniZis ojaxs, romelsac Zalian
uWirda, egzarqosis gankargulebiT, erTdrouli daxmarebis saxiT 35
maneTi gadaeca oqroTi. samegrelos episkoposi maswavlebel epifane
gawerelias dajildoebas iTxovda misi uangaro SromisTvis“ (ssca.
12:f.488. saqme 130909. furc. 8). 1835 wels am saswavlebelSi gamog-
zavnili maswavlebeli dimitri kolubanski ori weli uxelfasod muS-
aobda, „1838-1839 wlebSi uxelfasod muSaobda dimitri fominic. 1835
wels daniSnulma maswavlebelma giorgi gurgeniZem ki jamagiridan
mxolod 50 maneTi miiRo“ (qadaria 2001. 8:197).
samegrelos mitropoliti kmayofildeboda maswavleblebisadmi
mxolod saCuqrebis gacemiT. 1841 wels is swers egzarxoss, rom mas-
wavlebelma fominma „mengreliidan wasvlisas miiRo saqebi cxeni da
fulica saCuqrad“, xolo maswavlebelma xaritonovma - kargi cxeni,
unagiri, tanisamosi da TeTri saCuqrad“ (ssca. 12:f.488. saqme #7709.
furc. 11). ra Tqma unda, aseTi gasamrjelo ar akmayofilebda mas-
wavleblebs da isini xSir SemTxvevaSi tovebdnen samegrelos, ris
gamoc adgili hqonda maswavlebelTa xSir cvlas, rac, Tavis mxriv,
uaryofiT gavlenas axdenda swavlebis xarisxze.
oficialur mimowerebSi samegrelos saswavleblis samazro sasu-
liero saswavleblad moxsenieba etyoba SemTxveviTi ar iyo. samaz-
ro saswavleblis gaxsna uaxloes periodSi iyo nagulisxmevi, magram
radgan samegrelos samrevlo saswavlebeli mTlianad samegrelos
xarjebiT arsebobda da mTavroba mas araviTar finansur daxmarebas
ar uwevda, saxsrebis uqonlobis gamo samegreloSi gaTvaliswinebul
dros ver moxerxda misi gaxsna. „mxolod mas Semdeg, rac samegrelos
avtonomia gauqmda da saeklesio mamulebi gadaeca xazinas, saekle-
sio Semosavlebis gaangariSebis Sedegad SesaZlebeli gaxda samazro
210
sasuliero saswavleblis gaxsna, razedac naSromis Sesabamis TavSi
visaubrebT, amTaviTve ki mxolod mivuTiTebT, rom episkopos geron-
tis iniciativiT 1860 wels gaixsna samegreloSi saswavleblis mesame
klasi da amieridan gaxda samazro sasuliero saswavlebeli“ (qadaria
T. 2001. 8:196).
martvilis saeklesio-samrevlo skola erTaderTi sasuliero
saswavlebeli iyo samegrelos samTavroSi sakmaod didi xnis ganma-
vlobaSi. 1846 wels, sinodis kantoris moTxovnis safuZvelze, same-
grelos mitropolitma waradgina cnobebi 1838 wlidan 1845 wlamde
monastrebTan da eklesiebTan arsebuli sasoflo skolebis Sesaxeb,
romelSic wers: “ese viTarni saxelobiTi saswavlebelni ar yofilan.
da arc iqnebian Tvinier megreliis sasulieros proxodis saswavle-
blisa, romelic gaxsnilia mengrelias Sina martvilis monasterzed“
(ssca. 10 : f. 4 saqme 10775. furc. 9).
1836 wlis 28 oqtombers, uwmindesi sinodis miTiTebiT, saqarT-
velos egzarqosi Seudga erTklasiani samrevlo skolebis gaxsnis
sakiTxis SemuSavebas. maTi gaxsna saqarTveloSi mxolod 1848 wlis
saswavlo debulebiT iqna gaTvaliswinebuli da 50-ian wlebSi praqti-
kulad Seudgnen maT ganxorcielebas. amrigad, sasuliero saswavleb-
lis farTo qseli samegreloSi ver Seiqmna.
211
1. basilaZe i. ZoweniZe q. kupraSvili s. sasuliero ganaTleba da ped-
agogiuri azrovneba XIX saukunis imereTis eparqiaSi. 2006 weli.
2. giorgaZe g. sazogadoebrivi urTierToba saqarTveloSi, batony-
mobis gadavardnidan pirvel revolucimde- 1864-1905, saxelm
wifo pedinstituti. Tbilisi. 1945 weli.
3. dadiani n. „dasturlama“, Tbilisi. 1897 weli.
4. dadiani S. Txzulebani, t. V, Tbilisi.1962 weli.
5. TavziSvili g. saxalxo ganaTlebisa da pedagogiuri azrovnebis
istoria saqarTveloSi, II, saxalxo ganaTlebisa da pedagogiuri
ideebi me-19 s. pirvel naxevarsa da 60-ian wlebSi., Tbilisi, 1948
weli.
6. nikolaZe n. Txzulebani, t. VI. d. gamezardaSvilis redaqciiTa da
SeniSvnebiT. Tbilisi. 1964 weli.
7. nikolaZe n. “rCeuli nawerebi“. t.1. Tbilisi. 1868 w.
8. qadaria T. samegrelos samTavro me-19 saukunis pirvel naxevarSi,
Tbilisi, 2001 weli.
9. lali (barbare) abdalaZe ., disertacia: „sasuliero ganaTleba da
pedagogikuri azrovneba me-19 saukunis guria-samegrelos eparqi-
aSi“. quTaisi 2014 weli.
10. saqarTvelos saistorio centraluri arqivi. f. 4
14. Акты собранные Кавказскою Археографическою комиссиею; т. II.
Тифлись. 1868 г.
212
Parish Schools in Samegrelo in the First half of XIX century
Resume
Lali Abdaladze
In the issue we have Pointed out the main factors which determine his-
torical fate of Samegrelo diocese in the first half of the 19th century, which,
in turn, influenced the development of religious education and pedagogical
thinking in this principality. We have reviewed the social-economical and po-
litical situation of Samegrelo Principality, as an important factor in determining
the educational policy in this region, and the solution of secular and religious
education. We wrote that the Emperor Alexander I-’s June 30, 1811 decree
of the Church after the abolition of the Russian government has minimized
the number of Cathedrals in Georgia and held the Ecclesiastical reform of the
Georgian Church to subordinate it to the Russian government and the Holy
Synod. The government returned to the west Georgia the primary role of the
diocese, and subjected to it Imereti, Guria and Samegrelo regions. Samegre-
lo church itself was independent until 1815 and was carried out by the Princi-
pal of Samegrelo, while the Russian government had deprived this powerful
weapon of ideology from Dadiani and had surrendered it to his interests. In
1829y. they unified Chkondidi, Tsageri and Tsaishi Dioceses as one Diocese
of Samegrelo, to which in 1842 was subjected the Abkhazian Church.
213
ISSN 2346-8084

GelatisSasulieroAkademiisaDaSeminariisShromebi 2016 N2

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

GelatisSasulieroAkademiisaDaSeminariisShromebi 2016 N2

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

gelaTis sasuliero akademiisa da seminariis Sromebi II

levan tyeSelaSvili - istoriis doqtori

© gelaTis sasuliero akademia da seminaria

diakoni miqael kvantaliani

Tavidanve unda aRiniSnos, rom axali aRTqmis wminda werilis

1. mamis saxelad - sabas Zed

„Apostol I u d a F a d d e q “3 (aqac da Semdgom yvelgan xaz-

1. naxeT bolo wlebis ruseTisa da saqarTvelos nebismieri saeklesio

me - 16 - me -17 saukunis oTxTavis saZiebeli (K -132) ki Sesabamisad

2. გელათის სასულიერო აკადემიისა და სემინარიის შრომები

me-16 (K-38) da me-17 (K-16) ss. gulanebis saTveo sakiTxavebi, rom-

1. igulisxmeba aTormetTagani iuda-Tadeozis mama, iakobi;

dekanozi irakli axalaZe

wminda mama maqsime aRmsarebeli qristes eklesiis erT-erTi ugamor-

3. გელათის სასულიერო აკადემიისა და სემინარიის შრომები

1. k orneli kekeliZis TqmiT, Teodosi Rangreli igive Teodore spudiosia.

1. monoTelitobis mizeziT, wminda maqsimes berad aRkvecas qronologiurad

1. meSvide saukunis 40-ian wlebSi Crdilo afrikulma eklesiebma TiTqmis

1. aRniSnuli disputi werilobiTi formiT TviT wminda maqsime aRmsarebelma

4. გელათის სასულიერო აკადემიისა და სემინარიის შრომები

1. „axali aRTquma¡“, Tbilisi 1963

Archpriest Irakli Akhaladze

sulis Sesaxeb sakiTxi wminda maqsime aRmsarebels ganxiluli aqvs

1. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs wm. maqsime aRmsareblis is Sromebi, romlebic CvenTvis

1. Tamar oTxmezuri Tavis erT-erT naSromSi - „maqsime aRmsarebelis

wmidisa mTavarepiskoposisa iovanes mimarT, amisT¢s,

(167r) patiosani naweri saTnoebiTa sisrulisa Tquenisa¡ Seviwynare

1. teqstis nakluli monakveTis TargmanSi friad Segvewia gela tarielaSvili.

iordanis mimarT xucisa, viTarmed Semdgomad sikudilisa aqus

meoresa wleulisa avRustosisa TT¢sa, awindelisa pirvelisa

Two Epistles on Soul by St. Maximus the Confessor

5. გელათის სასულიერო აკადემიისა და სემინარიის შრომები

diakoni miqael kvantaliani

taZris dResaswaulis msaxurebis tipikonuri Taviseburebani unda

saRamos msaxureba: IX Jamni, mcire mwuxri.

1. „ufalo RaRad - vhyavsa“ - zeda:

1. „netar - ars kaci...“ - igalobeba I kanoni srulad, sam „didebad“.

1. „RmerTi ufalsa“ - zeda:

amrigad, dasrulda kvira dRes taZris dResaswaulis msaxurebis

Diacon Miqael Kvantaliani

diakoni miqael kvantaliani

1. sxvadasxva savaneSi qarTvelTa moRvaweobis mimoxilva

saqarTvelos eklesias umdidresi istoria aqvs. oriaTaswlovani

2. tipikonuri samonastro centrebi.

msoflios marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi RvTismsaxurebas tipikoni

3. saqarTvelos eklesiaSi tipikonis ganviTarebis mimoxilva

saqarTvelos eklesia X saukunemde RvTismsaxurebaSi palestinis-

4. qarTvel himnografTa Semoqmedebis tipikonuri analizi

himnografiuli Semoqmedebis umZlavres kerad ierusalimis wminda

5. wminda daviT aRmaSenebeli-eris sulierebis maSenebeli;

saqarTvelos me-11 saukunis bolosa da me-12 saukunis pirvel

mefe, romelic TiTqmis yvela adamianur codvas aRiarebs, sastikad

Deacon Miqael Kvantaliani

Historically, Georgian fathers used to do their spiritual activities in such

quTaisis istoriul muzeumSi daculia me-17 saukunis xelnaweri

1. biblia, alilo Tbilisi 2015

Ordination of a Catholicos According to the Gelati

In the Kutaisi Historical Museum there is kept a 17th-century manuscript of

The Gelati manuscript containing the Acolouthia of ‘Consecration of a Ca-

We are also planning to compare all the existing Georgian versions of

XVIII saukunis 20-iani wlebidan imereTis samefo urTules mdgo-

tyveTa syidvis akrZalva da quTaisis saeklesio kreba

solomon pirvelis erT-erT udides damsaxurebad unda CaiTvalos