monografiuli naSromi

Tavad germanoziSvilTa germanoziSvilTa gvaris istoria

zaza Waia

Tbilisi 2013 w.

,Tavad germanoziSvilTa gvaris istoria germanoziSvilTa gvari Tavad braTaSvilebis gvaris ganStoebaa. qarTvel mecnierebSi, visac ukvlevia da umuSavia qvemo qarTlis saTavado saxlebisa Tu feodaluri gvarebis warmoSoba-ganviTarebis sakiTxebze, azri germanoziSvilTa baraTaSvilebisgan warmomavlobis Sesaxeb, maTSi eWvs ar iwvevs. aRniSnuli mosazreba miRebuli da damkvidrebulia. `qavTaris saxlis gayris Semdeg kidev momxdara mis CamomavlobaSi qonebis danawileba, ris Sedegadac safuZveli Caeyara gostaSabiSvilisa (gostaSabisgan, g.j.) da germanoziSvilebis (germanozisgan. g.j.) Rvawlmosili YG mecnieri pirdapir sagvareuloebs~- 1 werda g. jamburia. uTiTebs 1523 wlis gayris Semdgom germanoz qavTarisZe baraTaSvilisgan, germanoziSvilTa warmoSobis Sesaxeb da am moRvawes sakvlevi gvaris fuZemdeblad miiCnevs. amave mosazrebas anviTarebs profesori iase lorTqifaniZec. `rogorc qavTaris Svilebis, ise orbelis da ioTamis STamomavlobis gvarad Cven mier miRebulia maTi winaprebis saxeli (geramnoziSvilebi)...~ 2 aRniSnavda mecnieri da masac germanoz qavTarisZe baraTaSvili germanoziSvilTa gvaris mamamTavrad miaCnda. imave mosazrebas iziarebs d. gvritiSvili. `sagermanoziSvilo saTaves germanoz qavTarisZe baraTaSvilisgan iRebs. igi 1523 wlis gayris wignSi moixseneba~, 3 acxadebda mecnieri. marTalia, amjerad Cveni kvlevis sagans Tavad baraTaSvilTa warmomavloba da gvaris ganStoebebis gavrceleba ar warmoadgens, magram vinaidan aRniSnuli feodaluri gvaris SigniT mimdinare movlenebi sisxlxorceulada dakavSirebuli Tavad germanoziSvilTa gvarTan da am gvaris mflobelobasTan, gadavwyviteT mokled SevexoT germanoz qavTarisZe baraTaSvilis saxlis Svilobas. didi qarTveli istorikosi da saxelmwifo moRvawe vaxuSti batoniSvili (16961772) baraTaSvilebs qaCibaZeTa feodaluri sagvareulodan warmoSobilad acxadebs. istoriuli xasiaTis TxzulebaSi `aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa~-Si is werda: `xolo awindelTa mTavarTa da warCinebulTa guarni eseni arian: baraTaSvili, romelTa upyravT gaCianisa da gardabanisa saerisToni tfilisis samriT, vidre lore-fanavramde, Tvinier mefisa saxasoTa da SewirulobaTa eklesiaTaTa~. 4 vaxuStis mier baraTaSvilTa samflobeloebis aRwerili suraTi XVII-II da XVIII-I saukuneebis mdgomareobas asaxavs. aq mecniers, rogorc Cans, mxedvelobaSi hqonda am gvaridan gamoyofili, sxva feodaluri saxlebis mflobelobac. movusminoT isev vaxuStis: `xolo ityan eseni Camomavlobasa qaCibaZisasa, romelsa acxadebs gujarni da sigelni maTni mefeTagan wyalobisani~. 5 vaxuSti
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g. jamburia. dasax. naSromi. gv. 16. iase lorTqifaniZe. `qvemo qarTli~. III nawili. gv. 331. 3 d. gvritiSvili. dasax. naSromi gv. 134. 4 v. batoniSvili. `aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa~. `qarTlis cxovreba~. IV t. Tbilisi. 1973 w. gv. 33. 5 v. batoniSvili. `aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa~. `qarTlis cxovreba~. IV t. Tbilisi. 1973 w. gv. 33.

aSkarad mis xelT arsebuli istoriuli xasiaTis dokumentebze dayrdnobiT akeTebs gancxadebas baraTaSvilTa qaCibaZeebisgan warmomavlobis Sesaxeb. Tanac uTiTebs, rom igi am SemTxvevaSi gujrebsa da mefeTa wyalobis wignebs, sigelebs eyrdnoba. CvenTvis gasagebia, rom mecniers amgvar sabuTebze xeli miuwvdeboda, miTumetes, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT mis warmomavlobas, sazogadoebriv mdgomareobsa da gansakuTrebiT, garkveuli xnis manZilze, uSualod somxiT-sabaraTianos sardlis Tanamdebobaze mis moRvaweobasac. sakiTxs aRar CavuRrmavdebiT, mxolod aRvniSnavT, rom Cven dromdec moaRwia metad saintereso dokumentebma, rac saSualebas gvaZlevs vimsjeloT CvenTvis saintereso Temaze. es gaxlavT 1428 wliT daTariRebuli daviT kaTalikosisa da mcxeTis saydrisadmi gacemuli Sewirulobis sigeli. `q. ese... wigni... mogsene Tquen... da... q~kzs daviTs me qaCibaZeman salaros molareman baraTaman da meuRleman Cuenman patronman TinaTin da ZeTa CuenTa: daviT, germanoz da lapaman... mogaxseneT Cueni mkuidri mamuli, moudevari da usarCleli somxiTs sofeli yoranTa... diisveli ZueliTgan ganszadruli iyo da molio Semovlis raRevans jaliTa, rasac wisquilni da zemo didni muxani gamoitaneben mas quemoT da wisquilica Tquen dagrCes. velkeTilisave rac rusa zeiTi da urwyavi aris, samani CavsuiT... Tquen gaguikiTeT ori dRe aRapi... me salaros molaresa baraTasa da meuRlesa Cuensa patronsa TinaTinsa~.1 Sewirulobis sigels T. Jordania 1428 wliT aTariRebs da Cveni azriTac savsebiT marTebulad, vinaidan sigelSi moxsenebuli daviT kaTalikosi sxva aravinaa, Tu ara daviT II kaTalikosi, mefe aleqsandre I-is Ze, romlis sapatriarqo taxtze moRvaweobis wlebad qarTul istoriografiaSi miRebulia 1425/26-1428 wlebi. 1429 wlis mefe aleqsandre I-is Sewirulobis wignSi kaTalikosad ukve Tevdore moixsenieba, aqedan da sxva masalidan gamomdinare, romlebzec axla ver vimsjelebT, baraTa qaCibaZis Sewirulobis sabuTis gacemis ukidures wlad 1428 weli unda miviCnioT. sigelis daTariRebas xsnis T. Jordania: `q~zi daviT aris mefis Ze da ara meore daviTi, romelic sCans Semdeg 1451-1479 wlebSi, es cxadia iqidam, rom sxva mcxeTis gujarSi (#167) am baraTa qaCibaZis Svili daviT (q~kzis daviTissave dros da maSasadame 1451-1479 w.) moixseniebs ra am sigels (#127) (qvemod moyvanili Cvens mier. z.W.) da Tviss ded-mamasac mkvdrad, am gujars uwodebs `Zuel sigelad~. amnairad cxadia, rom baraTa scxovrobda 1428 w. axlo xanebSi; xolo misi Svili daviTi 1495 w.~ 2 aw gansvenebuli mecnieris axsna savsebiT misaRebad migvaCnia. baraTaSvilTa da sabaraTianos, rogorc saTavados fuZemdeblad d. gvritiSvili miiCnevs baraTa qaCibaZes, `romelic XV saukunis pirvel naxevarSi cxovrobda da aleqsandre pirvelis (1412-1442) molared muSaobda~. 3 akad. s. janaSia baraTaSvilTa warmoSobasa da saTavados gaformebis drosa da adgilmdebareobas gadawyvetil sakiTxad miiCnevs. `qarTul istoriografiaSi dadgenilia, rom sabaraTiano rogorc saTavado
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T. Jordania. `qronikebi~. wigni II. tfilisi. 1897 w. gv. 253. T. Jordania. `qronikebi~. II t. gv. 232. d. gvritiSvili. dasax. naSromi. gv. 132.

sabolood XV saukuneSi gaformda qvemo qarTlis teritoriaze~. 1 aq sayuradRebo Semdegi sakiTxia: jer kidev baraTas STamomavlebis mier baraTaSvilTa gvaris miRebamde da jer kidev qaCibaZeTa Zlier feodalur ojaxSi, Cven vawydebiT XV saukunis moRvawis germanoz baraTasZe qaCibaZes xsenebas. vfiqrob, SemTxveviTi sruliadac ar aris qaCibaZe-baraTaSvilTa feodalur saxlSi, am sakuTari saxelis mqone moRvaweebis xSiri xseneba Semdeg saukuneebSic. rCeba STabeWdileba, rom saxeli `germanozi~, iseve rogorc baraTa, gostaSabi, guguna, iarali da sxv. baraTaSvilTa gvarisTvis e.w. `damaxasiaTebeli~ saxelebia, rac bunebrivia, xSirad gvxvdeba sxva gvareulobaTa sinamdvileSic. marTalia, germanoz baraTasZe qaCibaZe Cven germanoziSvilTa gvaris pirdapir winaprad ar gvesaxeba, magram vfiqrob, interess moklebuli ar iqneba Tvali gavadevnoT, rogorc misi, agreTve misi ufrosi Zmis daviTis moRvaweobas. sabaraTianos istoriis ukeTesad Seswavlis mizniT yuradReba unda mieqces mTel rig sabuTebs, maT Soris XV saukunis baton baraTas wyalobis wigns buJRulaSvilebisadmi, romelic SeiZleba 1441 wliT daTariRdes. `...ese wigni dagiwere da giboZeT me, batonman baraTaman, meuReman Cuenman TinaTin, SvilTa CuenTa daviT da germanoz, Sen Cuensa erTgulsa ymasa buJRulaSvilsa Tevdores da navrozs... mogeciT naqurdevi... daiwera ianvarsa aTCuidmetsa asrmocdacxrasa mefobisa didisa aleqsandresa~.2 aRiSnuli sigeli gamocemulia `qarTuli simarTlis Zeglebis VIII tomSi da daTariRebulia 1461 wliT. vfiqrobT, TariRi zusti ar aris. 1461 wels saqarTvelo kvlav erTiani samefoa da mefed gvevlineba giorgi VIII, sigeli ki Sedgenilia `mefobisa didisa aleqsandresa~ mmarTvelobis Jams, romelic moicavs 1412-1442 wlebs. garda zemoT aRniSnulisa, miuxedavad imisa, rom sabuTSi baraTas, TinaTinisa da maTi Svilebis gvarebi miTiTebuli ar aris, Cven aRniSnul pirebisa da imave sakuTari saxelebis mqone qaCibaZeTa ojaxis wevrebis igiveobaSi eWvi ar gvepareba. sigelebSi naxseneb pirTa da qaCibaZeTa cxovrebis xanis igiveoba, maTi naTesauri kavSir-damokidebulebis msgavseba (lapas, _ mesame Zmis mouxseniebloba sakiTxs ver akninebs), Semdgomi saukunis sabuTebsa da 1721 wlis somxiT-sabaraTianos aRweris davTarebSi buJRulaSvilTa gvaris warmomadgenelTa ymuri damokidebuleba qaCibaZeTa STamomavlebis mimarT, agreTve sof. naqurdevis adgilmdebareoba, srul safuZvels gvaZlevs ganvacxadoT, rom zemoT naxsenebi wyalobis wigni, swored qaCibaZeTa mieraa gacemuli. aq sainteresoa is sakiTxic, rom 1523 wlis baraTaSvilTa gayris wignis Tanaxmad, daviT baraTasZe qaCibaZis SviliSvilsa da germanoziSvilTa gvaris fuZemdebels germanoz qavTarisZe baraTaSvils da mis Zmebs wilSi rgebiaT `erT wilad buJRulaSvili kuirikaSvilianad~. 3 buJRulaSvilebi XVI saukunis 20-ian wlebSic baraTianT am saxlis yma aznaurebad Canan. 1523 wlis gayris wignze msjelobas Cven qvemoT davubrundebiT. axla ki gavyveT istoriis Targs. daviT qaCibaZe, romelic
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s janaSia. xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-14858. xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-3329.

mamis gardacvalebis Semdgom saTavados ufrosia, ZmasTan germanozTan da SvilebTan erTad mcxeTis saydars unaxlebs mamiseul Sewirulobis wyalobas sofol yoranTisa. aRniSnuli sabuTi SesaZlebelia 1457-1460 wlebSi Sedgenilad miviCnioT. sabuTis Tanaxmad, daviTi mamiseuli saxelos salaros molarebasac flobs, xolo misi mSoblebi `sulkurTxeulebad~ arian naxsenebi, anu sabuTis Sedgenisas isini ukve gardacvlilni Canan. `...SvilTa CuenTa: lapa. baraTa, suramelman da qavTar ...mas Jamsa, odes sulkurTxeulisa mamisa Cuenisa baraTasagan da TinaTinisagan maTi naRuawi somxiTs sofeli yoranTa maTisa sulisa sasrad da saaRped TquenTuis Semoewira da ori dRe kar-gaRebuli aRapi gaeCina, viTarca Zueli sigeli gaaCens maTgan dadebuli da Cuen sivaJisa miumxroblobiTa da avTa mzakvarTa kacTa eniTa da SemobezRebiTa cotasa rasme xansa Cuenve ukugiWireT sofeli yuaranTa... isev mogaseneT da moganebeT... ukleblad~. 1 sabuTis ganxilvas ar SevudgebiT, aRvniSnavT marto imas, rom daviTs oTxi Ze hyolia: lapa, baraTa, surameli da qavTari. aRsaniSnavia, rom daviTs qaliSvili an qaliSvilebic hyavda. misi asuli SeurTavs qarTlis mefis konstantine II-is (1478-1505) pirmSo Zesa da taxtis memkvidres daviTs, romelic SemdgomSi imefebs daviT X-is (1505-1525) saxeliT. marTalia, konstantine II am qorwinebas `uxvedrs~ uwodebs, magram, rogorc Cans, politikuri siZlieris mwvervalTan axlos myofi, baraTaSvilTa gvarisa da saxlis damoyvreba, mefes swored politikuri amocanebis gadasaWrelad ucvnia saWirod. Tavis mxriv, saqarTvelos mmarTvel dinastiasTan damoyvreba daviTis, misi Svilebisa da misi saxlis aRmasvlaze metyvlebs. konstantine II mcxeTis sakaTalikoso saydrisadmi micemul sabuTSi acxadebs: `amas gareT CuenTaica codvaTa simravlisad soflisa viTarebisagan codvisa saqmesa Seeswra Cueni daviT da uxuedri baraTaSvilis asuli SeirTo~.2 daukvirdiT, ras brZanebs mefe, es `codvaTa~ saqme `soflisaviTarebisgan~ moxdao. bunebrivia, aq politikur viTareba gaangariSebaze da am viTarebidan gamomdinare miRebul gadawyvetilebazea saubari. Cven vxedavT, rom qavTar daviTisZe baraTaSvili, romelic baraTianT sxvadasxva ganStoebebis pirdapir winaprad gvevlineba, Tavis ZmebTan erTad axlo naTesaur kavSirSia qarTlis samefo dinastiasTan. daviT baraTasZe qaCibaZe _ baraTaSvilis oTxi Zidan, yvelaze kargad istoriis sarbielze mainc qavTar daviTisZe Cans. qavTarisa da misi ijaxis Sesaxeb sayuradRebo cnobebs Seicavs am ukanasknelis colyofilis, maSin ukve Semonazvnebuli, elene, yofili elisabedisa da misi Svilebis Sewirulobis damtkicebis wigni, romelic 1523 wliT TariRdeba: `q... Cuen sulkurTxeulisa baraTaSvilisa qavTarisa colyofilman monazonman elene _ yofilman elisabed da CuenTa sayuarelTa ZeTa: gugunama, germanoz, Tayaman, qumsi, gostasab da falavanxosro... Tquen y~R w-sa sionis R~Tis mSobelsa da tfilels antonis mas Jamsa, odes Tqueni mkdri mamuli sofeli xekorZi... Cuen daviWireT... ZuelTagan Tqueni Sewiruli iyo da
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T. Jordania. `qronikebi~. II wigni. gv. 271.

Cuenca axlad kidev dagimtkiceT sofeli xekorZi... odes Cuen gaviyareniT, maSin patroni mefeTa mefe daviT da misni Tavadni da darbaiseri amilaxori Taya da ciciSvili merab da sxuani... ama saqmesa Siga damxdomni arian... daiwera qks. sia. xeliTa mcxeTisa saydrisa qadagisa markozisaTa~. 1 dokumenti mravalmxriv saintereso cnobebs Seicavs. sabuTis Tanaxmad dgindeba, rom qavTar daviTisZe baraTaSvili 1523 wels ukve gardacvlilia. igi sabuTSi `sulkurTxeulad~ aris naxsenebi. cocxalia, magram saero cxovrebas Camocilebulia qavTaris meuRle elene, romelic monazonobaSi elisabedad iwoda. agreTve irkveva, rom sabuTis Sedgenisas qavTaris Svilebi ukve gayrilebi arian: `odes Cuen gaviyareniTo~, _ acxadeben isini. rogorc samarTlianad SeniSnavs T. Jordania, sof. xekorZi tfilelisaTvis gasamyrelod aris Sewiruli da 1523 wlis sabuTiT baraTaSvilebs ganaxlebuli aqvT ukan `daWerili~ soflis Sewiruloba. `sCans, rom xekorZi SeuwiravT anton tfilelisaTvis gasamyrelod~, 2 _ werda mecnieri. qavTaris SvilTa gayris sabuTi imdenad Zvirfas cnobebs Seicavs, Cven mas qvemoT davubrundebiT. 1523 wlamde ki araTu Tavad qavTar daviTisZis Svilebi, aramed baraTianT sxva ojaxebic, daviT baraTasZe qaCibaZis saxlTan gauyrelebi Canan. am mxriv, metad mniSvnelovania SayubaT, abaS, daviT, lapa da merab baraTaSvilebis, qavTarisa da misi SvilebisaTvis micemuli gauyrelobis pirobis wigni, romelic SeiZleba 1493-1523 wlebSi Sedgenilad miviCnioT. 1523 wels qavTari cocxali aRar aris, amitom es TariRi sabuTis Sedgenis ukidures wlad rCeba. 1493 weli ki SayubaTis, misi Zmebisa da sxva saxlikacebis mier mcxeTis saydrisadmi gacemuli Sewirulobis wignis TariRia. amgvarad, gauyrelobis sabuTi 1493-1523 wlebSia Sedgenili. sabuTidan Cans, rom SayubaTi da misi saxlikacebi, pirobas aZleven qavTars da mis saxls: `...rome viyo Tqueni gauyreli da arasa mizezisaTuis ara gageyaro~ 3 -o. am sabuTis Tanaxmad, sabaraTianoSi aSkarad ikveTeba am gvaris ori Zlieri saxlis konturebi. am SemTxvevaSi pirvel maTgans SayubaTi, misi Zma merabi da maTi saxlikacebi warmoadgenen, xolo meore maTgans _ didi baraTas SviliSvili qavTari da misi ojaxis wevrebi. miuxedavad dadebuli pirobisa, am da savaraudo sxva gauyrelobis wignebis SesaZlo arsebobisa, baraTaSvilTa ojaxebi iyrebian ukve XVI saukunis 20-iani wlebidan. iyrebian ara marto axlo monaTesave saxlebi, aramed TviTon calkeuli ojaxebic, ramac sabolood gamoiwvia baraTaSvilTagan sxvadasxva feodaluri gvaris wamoqmna da gamoyofa, Tumca xSirad, maTac mTeli feodaluri Sua saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi, mainc baraTianebad moixseniebdnen. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, 1523 wels gaiyarnen Tavad qavTaris Svilebic, rasac adasturebs ganCinebis sabuTi baraTaSvilTa gayris Sesaxeb. vimeorebT, sabuTi imdenad mniSvnelovan monacemebs Seicavs baraTaSvilTa da SemdgomSi maTi ganayofi gvarebis mdgomareobisa da mflobelobis Sesaxeb, rom am sabuTis ganxilvaze
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T. Jordania. `qronikebi~. II wigni. gv. 352. iqve. gv. 352. saqarTvelos centr. arqivi. fondi 229. davTari 12. sabuTi 115.

dawvrilebiT unda SevCerdeT. dokumentis mniSvnelobaze miuTiTebdnen cnobili qarTveli imecnierebi. `baraTianT sagvareulos erTobas didi ziani mosdis, sCans XVI saukuneSi. 1523 wlis daviT mefis dros iyofian guguna da germanoz TavianT ZmebiTurT~, 1 _ aRniSnavda akad. s. janaSia. man yuradReba gaamaxvila im garemoebaze, rom qavTar daviTisZe braTaSvilis saxli gacilebiT adre unda yofiliyo gamoyofili Tavad calke Stod. am gayofis `saqmis gasaCeneblad~ damjdar `darbaisrebsa~ da TavadebSi, Cven iseve baraTianTa sagvareulos warmomadgenlebs vawydebiT. `sasamarTloSi Cven isev baraTianTa sagvareulos warmomadgenlebs vxedavT~, 2 _ werda mecnieri. jer kidev qavTaris Semonazvnebul colyofili _ elene-elisabedi acxadebda anton tfilelisadmi Sewirulobis damtkicebis sabuTSi, rom Cveni ojaxis gayris saqmeSi `damxdomni~ mefe daviTi, misi darbaiselni da Tavadni ariano. marTlac gugunasi, germanozisa da maTi Zmebis gayra imdenad mniSvnelovani saqme yofila, rom masSi monawileoba qarTlis siuzerens, mis didebulebs da sxva moxeleT miuRiaT. `...baraTaSvilTa saxlisa da mamulisa gasayoflad TuiT patroni mefeTa mefe daviT da patroni luarsab, amilaxori Taya, ciciSvili merab, baraTianni iarali da orbeli, TurmanisZe rostevan, tfileli antoni, solaRaSvili Salva, wiTelaSvili giorgi, qavTarasZe Salva, SatbieraSvili burnaS-gugunas, qumsisa da germanozisa, Tayasa, gostasabisa, falavanxosrosa saqmisa gasaCenlad~ 3 _ davsxediTo, _ vkiTxolobT sabuTSi. rogorc vxedavT, am saqmis warmoebaSi monawileobas, mefis garda, taxtis memkvidre batoniSvili luarsabic iRebda. `gayris mniSvnelobaze migviTiTebs is garemoeba, rom gayras TviT mefe xelmZRvanelobs~,4 _ werda akad. s. janaSia. guguna da qumsi eyrebian germanozsa da mis Zmebs: Tayas, gostaSabs da falavanxosros. am sabuTis Tanaxmad, qavTaris Svilebis mflobeloba dasturdeba somxiT _ sabaraTianos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi. maT yma-mamuls vxedavT algeTis xeobis soflebSi: enageTSi, axalSenSi, ertisSi, tbisSi, lisTaSi, TevdorewmidaSi, erwoSi, TakvSi, dvalTaSi, xozeTSi, azikvSi, guarTeTrSi, amlivSi, eSviswyaroSi; qciis xeobis soflebSi: mZovreTSi, Tafans, cxnarSi; skvireTSi _ beTanias; yarabulaxSi _ cxuriss; dmanisis xeobaSi _ zeda lipnSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom 1721 wlis somxiT-sabaraTianos aRweris wignis Tanaxmad, germanoz qavTarisZe baraTaSvilis STamomavlebi, ukve germanoziSvilTa gvariT, kvlav flobdnen algeTis xeobis bevr im sofelSi yma-mamuls, romelic 1523 wlis gayraSia dasaxelebuli. qavTarsa da mis Svilebs aRniSnul soflebSi sakmaod bevri yma glexi da vasali aznauri hyavdaT. rogorc g. jamburia varaudobs, qavTaris saxlis vasalur damokidebulebaSi 120 aznauramde unda yofiliyo. sainteresoa, rom aq vmsjelobT mxolod CvenTvis saintereso baraTianT erT ojaxze. warmoidgineT XVI saukunis baraTaSvilTa mTliani gvaris SesaZleblobebi.
1 2 3 4

s. janaSia. `Sromebi~. VI t. gv. 221-222. iqve. gv. 221-222. xelnawerTa instituti. Ad 1299. s. janaSia. `Sromebi~. II t. gv. 67.

gayris wignis Tanaxmad, soflebSi: enageTs, axalSens, ertiss, tbiss, Tafans, lisTas, Tevdorewmidas da beTanias `2-3 aznauris garda, yvela germanozis da misi Zmebis wilia. eseni qonebidan or wils iRebdnen, erT wils _ e.i. 40e aznaurs miiRebda guguna da qumsi, romlebic sxva sabuTSi iqnebodnen CamoTvlilni~, 1 _ varaudobda g. jamburia. aRsaniSnavia, rom 1523 wlis gayris ganCinebiT, qavTar daviTisZe baraTaSvilis saxlis mflobelobaSi myofi mxolod 20 sofelia naxsenebi, maTgan umetesoba ki algeTis xeobaSi, sadac mogvianebiT CvenTvis saintereso germanozsiSvilTa saTvado Camoyalibda. bunebrivia, qavTarisa da misi Svilebis sabatono gacilebiT met sofelsa da gacilebiT vrcel teritoriebs moicavda. algeTisa da bedenis xeobis is soflebi, romlebic 1523 wlis gayris wignSia CamoTvlili, `mxolod umciresi nawilia qavTaris saxlis soflebisa, umetesi CamoTvlili ar aris~. 2 qavTaris saxlis yma aznaurebi yofilan saginaSvilTa gvaris wevrebi. gugunas, germanozs da mis Zmebs, saginaSvilTa `swori aznauriSvili mamuliTa ara hyvanda~. 3 amis gamo gadawyda, rom saginaSvilTagan erTi wevri gugunasa da qumsis emsaxureboda, xolo ori saginaSvili germanozsa da mis Zmebs. Tavad saginaSvilTa saxli maT ar gayares, magram gayris SemTxvevaSi, saginaSvilebi `mesamediTa mamuliTa _ gugunasa da qumsis~ Sexvdeboda, xolo `ori wiliTa mamuliTa _ germanozs da misTa ZmaTa~. 4 germanozisa da mis ZmebTan batonymur damokidebulebaSi vxvdebiT aznaur saakaZeTa gvaris warmomadgenlebsac. gugunas saufrosoT Sexvda `saakaZe rostevan da giorgi maTiTa mamuliTa~, agreTve `dedisa maTsa elenes nasoflari mZovreTi aReSena imis gareT; da miuxda areSiSvili amza misiTa mamuliTa~. 5 gugunas, germanozisa da maTi Zmebis vasal aznaurTagan: saginaSvilebi, saakaZeebi da areSiSvilebi aSkarad gamorCeuli gvareulobebi arian. baraTianT yma aznaurebs Soris vxvdebiT iseT gvarebs, rogoricaa: SuxibaSvili, sunduliSvili, abramisZe, maxuilasZe, berZeniSvili, ardaziandiSvili, salmirevani, buJRulaSvili, pativaSvili, enageTSi _ daTonaSvili, asaTaSvili, janiaSvili, farilusaSvili, TomiaSvili, pavliaSvili, yaragiziSvili, yurSiaSvili, TaguiskudaSvili, maxtumaSvili. memSuildiSvili, avatamaSvili, sadunaSvili, muradbaxSa. aRsaniSnavia, rom 1523 wlis mdgomareobiT, mxolod sofel enageTSi 12 yma aznauri saxli cxovrobs. sofel axalSenSi vxvdebiT vasal aznaurebs: yuliaSvils, CiCinakaSvils, manukaSvils, mudriaSvils; ertisSi _ maxarebels; tbisSi _ abramaSvils, begiaSvils, bedianaSvils, mamisTvalaSvils, dilenjaSvils, ivanaurs, vaSaymaSvils; TafanSi _ waturaSvils, abirmusaSvils, quabulaSvils, mixiTaraSvils, iRamaSvils, xoSnadaraSvils, akofaSvils, gozalaSvils; lisTaSi _ mirzaSvils, amikidaSvils, avetizaSvils. bunebrivia, baraTaSvilTa am ojaxis gayris ganCinebaSi arCamoTvlil, sxva kuTvnil soflebSi,
1 2 3 4 5

g. jamburia. `qarTuli feodaluri urTierTobis istoriidan~. gv. 14. iqve. gv. 15. xelnawerTa instituti. Ad 1299. iqve. Ad 1299. iqve. Ad 1299.

savaraudoa, baraTaSvilTa mimarT vasalur damokidebulebaSi myofi zemod CamoTvlil aznaurTa gvareulobnebis wevrebis garda, agreTve sxva vasal aznaurTa gvarebis warmomadgenelTa mflobeloba. mxolod zemoT moyvanil yma aznaurTa CamonaTvalidanac naTlad ikveTeba, Tu ymaTa raodenobiT, Sesabamisad politikurad, materialurad da ekonomikurad, ramdenad mZlavr saxls warmoadgenda qavTaris saxli gayofamde. gayram, bunebrivia, daasusta baraTaSvilTa es ojaxi, ramac ukve asaxva Semdgom saukuneebSi hpova. saxlis gayrasTan erTad, baraTaSvilTa Semdgomi SedarebiTi dasusteba, gamowveuli iyo, meTeqvsmete saukunis qarTlis samefos, rogorc qveynis Sida, agreTve sagareo mdgomareobidanac gamomdinare. qavTaris Svilebis saxlebi da maSasadame, ama Tu im Zmis sacxovrisi, samyofeli rezidenciebi, dasturdeba soflebSi: beTaniaSi, tbissa da enageTSi. `beTaniis saxlisagan erTi wili gugunas da qumsis ori wili germanozis da misTa ZamaTa~ 1 xvdaT. beTaniaSive vxvdebiT maT ymebs: spandisZes, gudasZes, yurddaSvils, qubaSvils, TanRriyulaSvils, janibegaurs, gamgebels, ambalaSvils, rodinasZes. gayris wignis Tanaxmad, algeTis xeobis sof. tbisSi arebuli sasaxle gugunasa da qumsis xvdaT, xolo amave xeois sof. enagveTis sasaxle _ germanozsa da mis Zmebs. gayris gamrigeni sagangebod aRniSnaven, rom sapatio kacebi sxvebic gayrilan, am gayrebis `mokiTxuli qnan da nu dauWirven, da Tu ara yofiliyos~, 2 guguna nu sTxovs sasaxlis saufrososo. ganaCinebis wigni avaldebulebda gayril Zmebs: sadac germanozi da misi Zmebi dasaxldebodnen, `guguna da qumsi nu gamoenaxvian~ 3-o. da piriqiT, sadac `missa kerZsa mamulSiga guguna da qumsi dasaxlden, germanoz da misni Zmani nu gamoenaxvian~ 4 -o. gayofa, bunebrivia, Seexo mamulebs, xodabunebs, zvrebs, miwebsa da tyeebs, saxlis WurWelsa da sxvadasxva saxis Tu moxmarebis nivTebs. mamulebis gayofisas, ganCinebis Tanaxmad, unda gaezomaT teritoriebi da `aTisagan erTi saufrosod gugunasa da sxua Seiwilon~ 5 -o. erTi wili aqac gugunasa da qumsis rCebodaT, xolo ori wili _ germanozsa da mis Zmebs. mamiseuli nivTebidanac `aTisagan saufroso~ gugunasi iyo, xolo `sxua mamiseuli iyos, yuela Zmurad gaiyon~,6 _ vkiTxulobT sabuTSi. sainteresoa, rom mamis mamis _ qavTaris abjarze germanozi acxadebda, rom mSobelma sicocxleSive me momcao. Tu germanozi daificebda, maSin mamiseuli abjarica da abjris iaraRic masve darCeboda, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, aRniSnul nivTebsac `Zmurad~ gaiyofdnen. Cven aRar CavuRrmavdebiT gayris wignSi asaxul sadavo sakiTxebs, rogorc qavTaris ojaxis SigniT, agreTve sxva gvaris warmomadgenel feodalebTan. amjerad, es Cveni interesis sagani ar aris. magram vidre amovwuravdeT saubars gayris sabuTis Taobaze, gvsurs, Cveni azri gamovTqvaT germanoz baraTaSvilis mSobelze _ eleneze.
1 2 3 4 5 6

xelnawerTa instituti. Ad 1299. iqve. Ad 1299. iqve. Ad 1299. iqve. Ad 1299. iqve. Ad 1299. iqve. Ad 1299.

gayris ganCinebaSi vkiTxulobT, rom TurqistaniSvils fici daedo. mas unda daefica `oriTa misiTa memkuidriTa ymiTa~, rom joeSvili `mcexisZesa elenesTuis mieces; da elenes TurqistaniSvilisaTuis mieces da 1 TurqistaniSvilsa xlebodes~. ficis dadebis SemTxvevaSi, jeoSvili modave feodals rCeboda, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, mas qavTaris Svilebi gaiyofdnen. aq aRsaniSnavia, rom vxvdebiT qavTaris meuRlis elenes gvars _ mxecisZe. elene mxecisZis Sesaxeb T. Jordania werda: `...elene, rogorc sagulisxmebelia, sargis mxecisZis qali unda iyos da jaoSvili misi namziTvi yma~. 2 amave garemoebas mxecisZeTa gvarze muSaobisas yuradReba miaqcia o. soseliam, romelic werda: `aRsaniSnavia, rom baraTaSvilTa gayris wignSi moxsenebuli qavTar baraTaSvilis `coyofili elene yofili elisabed~ T. Jordanias sargis mxecisZis asulad miaCnia~. 3 qarTul istoriografiaSi cnobilia, rom molareTuxucessa da mdidar feodals sargis mxecisZes da mis Tanamecxedres, bagrat mefis diswulsa da amirindo amilaxoris asuls elenes, hyavdaT eqvsi Ze: giorgi, qaixosro, jangazi, zurabi, firani da garsevani. magram arc erT CvenTvis cnobil sabuTSi elene mxecisZe _ qavTar baraTaSvilis meuRle, sargis mxecisZis Svilad naxsenebi ar aris. T. Jordanias mier gamoTqmuli mosazreba mxolod varaudia: `sargis mxecisZis qali unda iyos~ 4 -o, acxadebda mecnieri, magram Sesabamisi sabuTebis ararsebobis gamo, sakiTxi gadauwyvetlad unda CaiTvalos. 1523 wlis gayris sabuTze msjelobis dasasruls gvinda ganvacxadoT, rom am gayram da sxva garemoebebmac saTave daudo baraTaSvilTa axali ganStoebebis warmoSobas. kerZod, germanoz qavTarisZe baraTaSvili samarTlianad iTvleba germanoziSvilTa feodaluri saxlis fuZemdeblad. vidre ganvagrZobdeT msjelobas germanoz qavTarisZisa misi STamomavlebis Sesaxeb, minda, SemogTavazoT am ukanasknelis winaparTa da saxlikacTa geniologiuri Sto. 1428-1441 baraTa q aCibaZe + TinaTini
salaros molare

1422-1479 daviTi salaros molare

germanozi 1428-1479

lapa 1428

lapa

baraTa

surameli

qavTari 1466-1529 + Eelene mxecisZe

asuli (?)

1 2 3 4

iqve. Ad 1299. T. Jordania. `qronikebi~. II wigni. gv. 352. iqve. gv. 352. iqve. gv. 352.

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guguna germanoz Taya qumsi gostaSabi falavanxosro miuxedavad qavTaris SvilTa saxlis gayrisa, germanoz baraTaSvili sakmaod angariSgasawevi feodalia. is swored im mamulebis sazRvrebze `irCeoda~ aR. saqarTvelos kaTalikosTan, romelic jer kidev 1428 wlis sigeliT didma baraTam mcxeTis saydars Seswira, xolo misma Zem daviTma 1457-1460 w. sigeliT mamiseuli Sewiruloba ganuaxla da daumtkica. `batoni kaTalikizi da baraTaSvili germanoz yoranTis da ratevnis samzRuarzed irCeodes~ 1 -o, _ vkiTxulobT davis ganCenebis wignSi. Ddava imdenad mniSvnelovan moRvaweebs Soris mimdinareobs, rom qarTlis mefe luarsab I, Tavis samefo karis moxeleebTan erTad, piradad iRebs monawileobas davis garigebis sameSi. `movediT Cuen, mefe patroni luarsab, falavandiSvili feSangi, maCabeli qobul, favleniSvili Tmogveli, gabaSvili samadavle da wiTelaSvili giorgi. maTi sasarClo alagi TaviT bolomdis daviareT da gavsinjeT~ 2 -o, _ acxadebs luarsab I (1527-1556). samwuxarod, sabuTSi kaTalikosis saxeli miTiTebuli ar aris. dokumenti gamocemulia `qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebis~ IV tomSi da misi Sedgenis TariRad, savaraudod, 15271558 wlebia miTiTebuli. Tu TariRi luarsab I-is mmarTvelobis wlebis Sesabamisad aris dadgenili, am SemTxvevaSi, aSkara SecdomasTan gvaqvs saqme, vinaidan luarsab I-is garisTan 1556 wels momxdar brZolaSi daRupva eWvs ar iwvevs. aqedan gamomdinare ganCinebis wignis Sedgenis ukiduresi TariRi 1556 wliT unda ganisazRvros da ara 1558 wliT. es garemoeba, rom monarqi aseTi gulmodginebiTa da dawvrilebiT cdilobs sadavo sakiTxebSi garkvevas, modave saero feodalis politikur wonazec metyvelebs. rogorc vxedavT, davis gavlenian gamrigeebs, Tavadac dauvliaT soflebis yoranTasa da ratevnis sazRvrebi, `sasarClo~ alagebi. magram sasamarTlom sakaTalikoso mamulebisa da germanozis samflobelos gamyofi sazRvari mainc ver daadgina, vinaidan `verca Zveli samzRuari SevityveviT da verca maxsovari kaci vipoveT~ 3 -o, _ vkiTxulobT ganCinebaSi. kaTalikosma `didi baraTasagan~ gacemuli Sewirulobis sigeli warmoadgina. `batoni kaTalikozi zemoT irCioda da germanoz quemoT~. 4 sainteresoa, rom jer kidev baraTas Sewirulobis wignSi vawydebiT aseT winadadebas: `...ase gagisamzRureT da daganebeT, disveli ZveliTganve gasamzoruli iyo~ 5-o. anu baraTas moRvaweobamde gacilebiT adre, disvelis midamoebSi, sakaTalikoso mamulebsa da saero feodalebis mflobelobas Soris, sazRvrebi dadgenili yofila iseve, rogorc yoranTisa da ratevnis
1 2 3 4 5

`qarTuli simarTlis Zeglebi~. IV t. 1972 w. Tbilisi. gv. 42-43. iqve. gv. 42-43. iqve. gv. 42-43. iqve. gv. 42-43. T. Jordania. `qronikebi~. wigni II. tfilisi. 1897 w. gv. 253.

11

sadavo sazRvrebi. 1428 wels baraTam am codniT isargebla, mis mier gacemuli Sewirulobis dros, magram misi SvilTaSvilis moRvaweobis xanaSi es codna ukve dakarguli aRmoCnda. mefis sasamarTlom aseTi gadawyvetileba miiRo: germanoz baraTaSvili erTi SviliT, oTxi aznauriSviliTa da eqvsi `memkvidre~ andrieli da Tafaneli glexiT unda warmdgariyo samarTalSi da unda daeficaT: `rodesac Cuenman guaris kacman didman baraTi mcxeTas yoranTa Seswira, samzRuarni da wisquilni sigelSiga rom sweria, da es aris samzRuari; amas iqiT Seuwiravs da amas zemoT ar aris Sewiruli~. 1 sadac Camoivlida germanozi da daificebda, baraTianT rCeboda. `darCes ratevansa da daesxnas batoni kaTalikozi~. 2 romel miwebzec Tavadi ver daificebda, is Sewirul sof. yoranTas da kaTalikoss rCeboda. aRniSnul miwebze ki ukve germanozs unda aeRo xeli. `...da raic ver daificos darCes yoranTas da daesxnas germanoz. saCveno ganaCeni es aris, amas meti ar aris~, 3 _ gadawyvita sasamarTlom. davis ganCinebis wigni sxva kuTxiTacaa saintereso. sabuTidan aSkarad Cans, rom germanozs Svilebi _ vaJebi hyolia. am mosazrebas badebs sabuTis Semdegi sityvebi: `warsdges germanoz erTiT SviliTao~. 4 cxadia, aq vaJi unda vigulisxmoT. germanozs rom vaJebi ar hyoloda, sabuTis Semdgeni xazgasmiT ar miuTiTebda, mxolod erTi SviliT warsdgeso. 1523 wlis gayris wignSi germanozisa da misi Zmebis mflobelobaSi naxsenebi ar aris qciis xeobis sofeli andria, xolo luarsab I-is ganCinebis sabuTis Tanaxmad, germanozs iq marto mamuli ki ara, saerTod `memkvidre~ yma glexebic hyolia. es imis maniSnebelia, rom aRniSnuli sofelic baraTianT didi xnis sakuTrebaa. swored germanoz qavTarisZe baraTaSvilis moRvaweobam Cauyara safuZveli germanoziSvilTa saTavados Camoyalibebas. is gaxlavT am saTavados Semqmenlic da gvaris fuZemdebelic. marTalia, saTavados sruli konturebi, ukve misi STamomavlebis xanaSi moixaza, `daixvewa~. `es saTavadoc algeTis xeobaSi Camoyalibda~ 5 _ aRniSnavda d. gvritiSvili. `sagermanoziSvilo algeTis xeobaSi Camoyalibda~, 6 _ acxadebda g. jamburia. `sagermanoziSvilo saTaves germanoz qavTarisZe baraTaSvilisagan iRebs~, 7 _ miuTiTebda iase lorTqifaniZe. marTlac, Tu yuradRebiT gadavavlebT Tvals germanozisa da misi Zmebis yma-mamulis mdebareobas, maTi didi nawili swored algeTis xeobaSi dasturdeba, somxiT-sabaraTianos im kuTxeSi, sadac saTavado sagermanoziSvilo Seiqmna. g. jamburiam yuradReba gaamaxvila im garemoebaze, rom germanoziSvilis gvari `arc XVI saukunis sabuTebSi~ naxsenebi ar aris da is mxolod `vaxuSti batoniSvilis istoriaSia moxsenebuli germanoziSvili (fariSati.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

`qarTuli simarTlis Zeglebi~. IV t. gv. 42-43. iqve. gv. 42-43. iqve. gv. 42-43. iqve. gv. 42-43. d. gvritiSvili. dasax. naSromi. gv. 134. g. jamburia. dasax. naSromi. gv. 55. ias. lorTqifaniZe. dasax. naSromi. gv. 423-425.

12

g.j.), simon I-is mefobaSi~. 1 g. jamburias mxedvelobaSi aqvs vaxuSti batoniSvilis `aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa~, romelSic vkiTxulobT: `xolo darajani mefisani germanoziSvili fareSaT da sxvaTa misTanaTiTa idgnen devisnamuxlarsa zeda. aramed Ramesa mas aRdgomisasa avdvidnen muxaTgverds, raTa isminos dResaswauli da yofasa maTsa mun yizilbaSTa da daesxnen uecrad mefesa svimons~. 2 vaxuSti batoniSvili aRwers 1561 wlis 6 aprilis aRdgomis dRis gaTenebas, roca fareSat (fareSaT) germanoziSvilma gaugonari windauxedaoba, daudevroba gamoiCina, moxsna misdami rwmunebuli samxedro-sadarajo razmi da yizilbaSebs xeobaSi Semosasvleli gza gauxsna. germanoziSvilis Seuwynarebelma moqmedebam, miuxedavad qarTvelTa mamacuri brZolisa yizilbaSTa winaaRmdeg, cixedidis brZolaSi maTi damarcxeba gamoiwvia. marcxis Sedegebi ki sakmaod mZime aRmoCnda. brZolaSi daiRupa kaxTa jaris xelmZRvaneli giorgi batoniSvili da bevri Tavad-aznauri. marto amilaxoris gvarma Tavisi saxlis 9 wevri dakarga. gawyda bevri ubralo jariskaci. marTlac, es erTaderTi da sakmaod arasasiamovno xsenebaa germanoziSvilis gvaris warmomadgenlebisa XVII saukunemde. g. jamburia miiCnevda, rom vaxuSti batoniSvilis mier germanoziSvilTa saxlis wevris, XVI saukunis Sua wlebis movlenebTan dakavSirebiT xseneba, SesaZloa, `gamoZaxili~ yofiliyo `imisa, rom fariSati germanoziSvilebis winaparia~. 3 aq aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, rom Tavad germanoz qavTarisZe baraTaSvilis moRvaweobisa da fariSatis moqmedebis dro, anu cxovrebis wlebs Soris gansxvaveba, gansakuTrebiT didi ar aris. yovel SemTxvevaSi, fareSati rom germanozis pirdapiri STamomavalia, amaSi eWvis Setana rTulia. rac Seexeba im sakiTxs, vaxuSti batoniSvili Tu ratom sxva SemTxvevaSi an sxva wyaroebi, ratom ar asaxeleben germanozianT gvars, am mxriv es ukanaskneli gvari gamonaklisi sruliadac ar aris. aseve ver vxvdebiT Cven baraTaSvilTagan ukve XVI saukuneSi gamoyofil mTeli rigi gvarebis xsenebas XVII saukunemde. XVI saukunis Cvenamde moRweul sabuTebSi, baraTaSvilTa gvaridan ukve aSkarad gamoyofili ganStoebebis wevrebi, igive baraTaSvilis gvariT gvxvdebian. am movlenas SeiZleba Semdgom saukuneebSic gavadevnoT Tvali. xSirad piri an erTi gvariT iwereboda, an meoreTi, xSirad oriveTi erTad. gasaTvaliswinebelia saerTod XVI saukunis Cvenamde moRweuli sabuTebis gansakuTrebuli simcirec. iase lorTqifaniZes fareSat germanoziSvili germanozis Zed miaCnda. misma naazrevma asaxva hpova mis mierve Sedgenil germanozianT genialogiur sqemaSi, romelSic fareSati da giorgi mas germanozis Svilebad gamohyavs. mecniers amis mtkicebis safuZvels 1543 wlis fareSat da giorgi baraTaSvilebis gayris wignis Sejereba aZlevs, 1721 wlis somxiTsabaraTianos aRweraSi mocemul Tavad germanoziSvilTa samflobelosa da yma-mamulis SedarebasTan. vfiqrobT, mecnieris naazrevis CamoyalibebaSi
1 2 3

g. jamburia. dasax. naSromi. gv. 54. vaxuSti batoniSvili. `aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa~. gv. 407. g. jamburia. dasax. naSromi. gv. 54.

13

vaxuStis cnobamac gadamwyveti roli iTamaSa, romelic fareSatis gvarad pirdapir germanoziSvils uTiTebs. Cven vvaraudobT, rom vaxuSti fareSat germanoziSvilis xsenebisas, 1561 wlis movlenebTan dakavSirebiT, savaraudod, raime saxis werilobiTi wyaroTi an sabuTiT xelmZRvanelobda. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, vaxuStis axlo kavSirs somxiT-sabaraTianos feodalur wreebTan, ar gamovricxoT, rom man zepirsityvieri gadmocemis safuZvelzec Seitana Tavis naSromSi is movlena, da asaxa viTareba, romelsac sinamdvileSi hqonda adgili. ar mgonia, fareSatis STamomavlebs gnebavT saukuneebis manZilze daeviwyebinoT winapris moqmedeba, am moqmedebiT gamowveuli umZimesi Sedegebi, rogorc qarTlisTvis, agreTve kaxeTisTvis. Cven mainc vfiqrobT, istorikosma icis am gvaris XVI saukuneSi arsebobis Sesaxeb, ramac asaxva hpova kidevac mis naSromSi. kidev vimeorebT, vaxuStis germanoziSvilTa gvaris xsenebis mkveTri safuZveli rom ar hqonoda, igi fareSats ubralod baraTaSvilad moixseniebda da vfiqrobT, amis safuZveli mxolod `gamoZaxili~ an gnebavT, gadmocema, mainc ar SeiZleba iyos. Tumca aqve aRvniSnavT, rom es mxolod Cveni mosazrebaa da raime saxis sabuTiT ver vamyarebT. marTalia, g. jamburia darwmunebulia, rom germanoziSvilTa feodaluri gvari saTaves baraTaSvilisagan iRebs, magram amave dros, SeniSnavs: `...rom SesaZloa, es marTlac asea, magram raime pirdapiri miTiTeba amis Sesaxeb; arc XVI saukunis sabuTebSi gvari germanoziSvili moxsenebuli ar aris~ 1 -o. sakvlevi gvaris mouxsenieblobaze XVI saukunis II naxevarSi Cven zemoT vimsjeleT, magram kvlav gvinda gamovTqvaT Cveni mosazreba am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. gvaris fuZemdebeli germanoz qavTarisZe, luarsab I-is mefobis xanaSi cocxalia, Tumca misi gardacvalebis miaxloebiT aTwleulis dadgenac ki ar xerxdeba. Tu daveyrdnobiT iase orTqifaniZis mosazrebas, 1543 wlis gayraSi monawile fariSat baraTaSvilisa da 1561 wlis movlenebTan dakavSirebiT vaxuStis mier naxseneb fareSat germanoziSvilis igiveobis Sesaxeb, maSin germanozi 1543 wlisTvis ukve gardacvlili unda iyos, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, fariSati misi savaraudo Svili Tu SviliSvili, mis gareSe gayrasTan dakavSirebul aseT nabijs ver gadadgamda. is, rom Svilebi an xSirad SviliSvilebi, axal gvarad miRebas mxolod winapari piris gardacvalebis Semdgom `axerxebdnen~, vfiqrob, es sakamaTo araa. gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom axali gvari miiRo, bunebrivia, mxolod erTma ojaxma, anu uSualod germanozis Svilebma. amitom vfiqrobT sruliadac ar aris sakvirveli XVI saukunis meore naxevaris sabuTebSi da wyaroebSi germanozisSvilTa gvaris wevrebis mouxsenebloba. vfiqrobT da vimeorebT, rom gvaris wevrebis savaraudo simcire, saerTod Cvenamde moRweuli im xanis sabuTebis gansakuTrebuli simwire, sxva garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebasTan ereTad, ar iZleva saSualebas, siRrmiselad da mkveTrad gavadevnoT Tvali, meTeqvsmete saukuneSi sakvlevi gvaris ganviTarebas. aRsaniSnavia is garemoebac, rom xSirad baraTianT feodaluri gvaris wevrebi, sabuTebsa da gujrebSi Tavis
1

g. jamburia. dasax. naSromi. gv. 54.

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Tavdapirveli gvariT iwerebodnen. aRniSnul viTarebas Cven Tvals vadevnebT Semdgom saukuneebSic. vinc gamodga `saintereso~ da sayuradRebo ama Tu im moqmedebiT, man asaxva hpova kidec istorikosis TxzulebaSi. Cveni mxriv, darwmunebulebi varT, rom im sabuTebze dayrdnobiT, ramac Cvens dromde moaRwia, germanoziSvilTa saTavados konturebi Seqmnilia XVI saukunis I naxevris moRvawis _ germanoz qavTarisZes mier, xolo imave saukunis meore naxevarSi es gvari arsebobs. `baraTaSvilTa es Sto oficialur sabuTebSi mxolod XVII saukunis II naxevridan iwodeba germanoziSvilebad, manamde ki mxolod baraTaSvilobiT ixseneba~, 1 _ aRniSnavda g. jamburia. rTulia am sakiTxSi mecniers ar daeTanxmo, magram am sakiTxze msjelobisas metad sayuradRebo cnobebs vawydebiT aw gansvenebul g. Citaias naSromSi: `pitareTisa da gudarexis saflavis qvebi~. g. Citaiam, qvemo qarTlis saTavadoebis Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT, metad mniSvnelovani masala moipova fitareTisa da axla CvenTvis saintereso gudarexis monasterSi. gudarexis monastris warwerebi da saflavis qvebis epitafiebi umniSvnelovanes cnobebs gvawvdis germanoziSvilTa saTavado saxlis wevrTa Sesaxeb, maTi ojaxis wevrebis cxovrebisa da gardacvalebis welTa Sesaxeb. gudarexis monasteri germanoziSvilTa gvareulobis sasaflaod da saZvaled gvevlineba. gaweuli muSaobis Sesaxeb g. Citaia werda: `TviT gudarexSi da pitareTSi Cven ara mcidredi Sroma dagvWirda imisaTvis, rom miwidan gangveTavisuflebina eklesiaSi damarxul micvalebulTa saflavis qvebi. sxvaTa Soris isic unda aRiniSnos, rom es qvebi miwis qveS Cayolila da wabRalula akldamebis mZebnelTa xeliT~. 2 ar davmalav, didi survili mqonda, am zafxuls momexila gudarexis monasteri, nebarTvis SemTxvevaSi gadameRo da TvalsaCinoebisaTvis damerTo monografiisaTvis, rogorc germanozianT saflavis qvebis, agreTve monastris warwerebis fotosuraTebi, foto masala, magram samwuxarod ar damcalda da arc vici, rodis movaxerxeb amas. g. Citaias mier gudarexis monasterSi aRmoCenil iqna saflavis qva, Semdegi xasiaTis warweriT: `gansasvenebelsa ama Sina da saflavs Sina mdebare var me baton...is Svili TinaTin Ze lionisa meuRle g...manoziSvilis iase _ vinca mbnideT Sendoba bZneT mdTs glsTvn amn:qks ti~. 3 qoronikon `ti~ 1622 wels udris. maSasadame, Tu aq raime Secdoma ar aris, iase germanoziSvilis meuRle _ TinaTini 1622 wels gardacvlila. amave monasterSi yofila dakrZaluli iasesa da TinaTinis asuli darejanic. `aq moxsenebuli iase germanoziSvilis qali darejani marxia imave eklesiis CrdiloeTis egvterSi~, 4 _ gvamcnobs g. Citaia. aq CvenTvis metad sayuradReboa, rom baraTianT am Stos saxlis wevri _ iase ukve 1622 wels swored germanoziSvilis gvariT ixseneba. iase ueWvelad XVI saukunis II naxevrisa da XVII saukunis pirveli aTwleulebis moRvawea da is ukve
1

iqve. g. Citaia. `saq. muzeumis moambe~. tfilisi. 1926 w. III t. `pitareTisa da gudarexis saflavis qvebi~. gv. 113. 3 iqve. gv. 116. 4 iqve. gv. 116.
2

15

atarebs aRniSnul gvars, rasac misi gudarexis monasterSi dakrZaluli meuRlis saflavis qvis warwera adasturebs. zustad aRniSnulidan da qvemoT moyvanili mosazrebidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba ganvacxadoT, rom germanoziSvilTa gvari XVI saukunis II naxevarSi ukve arsebobs, xolo maTi xseneba ama Tu im saxiT XVII saukunis I naxevarSic xdeba. dameTanxmebiT, sruliad warmoudgenelia, rom feodalis gvari mxolod misi meuRlis saflavis qvaze iwerebodes da ara oficialur sabuTebSi. vfiqrob, rom CvenTvis saintereso pirTa mimarT cnobebis, wyaroebisa da sabuTebis simwiris gamo kvlavac ar xerxdeba am da sxva sakiTxebze kidev ufro siRrmiseuli msjeloba. aRsaniSnavia, rom g. jamburias yuradRebis miRma ar dautovebia g. Citaias aRmoCena. `gudarexis monastris erT-erTi saflavis qvis warweraze ki ukve 1622 welsaa germanoziSvili moxsenebuli~. 1 yvelaze adrindeli, aq napovni saflavis qva aris 1622 wlisa: dasaflavebulia `...TinaTin Ze lionisa, meuRle germanoziSvilis iasesi~. 2 g. jamburias azriT, iase germanoziSvili unda iyos igive iase baraTaSvili, romelic 1630 wels sofel verxvnalas swiravs gudarexis monasters. Sewirulobis wignSi naxsenebi iase baraTaSvilis meuRle marexi, g. jamburias mosazrebiT, misi meore meuRlea. `aq moxsenebulia misi meuRle marexi, magram igi meore culi unda iyos~. 3 g. jamburias mosazreba iase baraTaSvilisa da iase germanoziSvilis SesaZlo igiveobis sakiTxSi, myardeba im garemoebis gamoc, rom sagermanoziSviloSi Semavali sofeli, swored germanoziSvilTa sagvareulo monastrisadmi xdeba Sewiruli. aRniSnul Sewirulobis sabuTs Cven qvemoT kidev davubrundebiT. amrigad, g. jamburias mosazreba, rom germanoziSvilTa saxlis wevrebis swored am gvariT xseneba, mxolod XVII saukunis II naxevridan xdeba, vfiqrobT mainc aradamajereblad gamoiyureba. Cven odnav gadavuswariT gvaris ganviTarebis istorias. samwuxarod, sabuTebis ararseboba metad arTulebs germanoz qavTarisZe baraTaSvilis uSualo memkvidreebze msjelobis sakiTxis. iase lorTqifaniZis arcTu usafuZvlo mosazrebis Tanaxmad, 1543 wlis gayris wignSi naxsenebi fariSat da giorgi baraTaSvilebi, swored germanozis STamomavlebi arian. ganvixiloT gayris sabuTi. rogorc germanozisa da misi Zmebis gayris saqme gaariga qarTlis mefem daviT X-m; rogorc germanozisa da kaTalikosis samamule dava garigda mefe luarsab I-is xelmZRvanelobiT, agreTve fariSat da giorgi baraTaSvilebis gayrac, uSualod mefis monawileobiT xdeba. `davsxediT Cven mefeT-mefe patroni luarsab, dagvisxdes gverdTa batoni kaTalikzi, baraTaSvili ivane, da qsnis erisTavi batoni SanSe, da amilaxori batoni Taya, da diasamiZe batoni varam, da mawyvereli batoni qristefore, da favlenisSvili batoni daviT, da javaxisSvili batoni javaxi, da saakaZe batoni ivane _ baraTaSvilis batonis fariSatisa da giorgis da amaT mamaT mamulis gasayoflad~. 4 baraTaSvilTa gayraSi
1 2 3 4

g. jamburia. dasax. naSromi. gv. 54-55. iqve. gv. 54-55. g. jamburia. dasax. naSromi. gv. 54-55. xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-10381.

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monawileobas iReben: mefe, kaTalikosi, mawyvereli, qarTlis didebuli Tavadebi, anu saTavado saxlebis ufrosebi da sxva warCinebuli Tavadebi. ar SeiZleba kidev erTxel ar aRiniSnos, rom baraTaSvilTa am Stos mimarTac gamotanil sakanonmdeblo aqtebis SedgenaSi, qveynis umaRlesi saero da sasuliero pirebi iReben monawileobas. sainteresoa, rom g. jamburia am dokuments yalbad miiCnevs. `sabuTis utyuaroba eWvs iwvevs. jer erTi, saeWvoa is, rom sabuTs xels awers luarsab mefe da daTariRebulia 1443 wliT~. 1 Tu CavTvliT, rom sabuTi dainteresebuli pirebis mier aris gayalbebuli Segnebulad, maSin sakiTxavia, Tavisi epoqis an Tavisi winare epoqis kargad mcodne `borotmoqmedi~ ratom dausvamda namdvilad gasasaReblad Seqmnil dokuments aSkarad mcdar TariRs? Tu maincdamainc luarsab I-is mefobis wlebSi ver `moaxvedrebda~ sabuTs, erTi saukuniT ukan xom ar gadawevda? lamis `didi baraTas~ moRvaweobis xanaSi? Cven vfiqrobT, `gamyalbebelTagan~ aseTi saxis Secdoma gamoricxulia. vfiqrobT, ufro meqaniur SecdomasTan gvaqvs saqme, roca 1543 wlis magivrad, sabuTi daaTariRes 1443 wliT. vgoneb, Tavad mecnieric uSvebda TariRSi meqnikuri Secdomis daSvebis SesaZleblobas. rac Seexeba sabuTze mefe luarsabis xelis moweris sakiTxs, 1523 wlis gayris wignsac mefe daviT X da maSin jer kidev batoniSvili luarsabi aweren xels; 1536 wlis ioTam da orbel baraTaSvilebis gayrasac mefe luarsabi da dedofali Tamari amtkiceben xelrTvebiT _ `saxeliTa RmrTisaTa mefeT-mefe luarsab vamtkiceb. dedofalT-dedofali Tamar~. 2 marTalia, 1543 wlis gayris wigns samefo saxlidan mxolod luarsabis xelmowera aqvs, magram, vfiqrobT, aman ar unda Seqmnas eWvis safuZveli. aqve ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos, rom 1543 wlis dokumentis namdvilobas marTlac aqvs mkveTrad gamokveTili `susti mxareebi~, Tumca Cvens mier zemoT CamoTvlili, sabuTis namdvilobis uaryofis gamosacxadeblad miCneuli SeniSvnebi, gayris dokumentis gadawyvetilad nayalbevad aRiarebis safuZvels ar warmoadgens. `da mixvda samarTliTa fariSats da giorgis~. 3 44 sofeli da nasoflari somxiTsabaraTianoSi. maTi mflobeloba sabuTis Tanaxmad dasturdeba: algeTis, qciis, yarabulaxis, skvireTis xeobebSi; TrialeTSi, somxiTsa da dmanisSi. fariSatisa da giorgis samflobeloebis ZiriTadi nawili algeTis xeobaSia moqceuli. algeTis xeobaSi Sedioda maTi sabatono 15 sofeli da nasoflari: abisi _ `oTxi sakomlo mamuli da zvari~, enageTi _ `rva sakomlo mamuli~, `naxevari CxikvTa~, `da bargisxevis nasyidi zvari~, ertisi _ `gogaZe misi mamuliTa~, cxvrisi _ `ori sakomlo~, za _ `eqvsi sakomlo~, `axalSens tyabunasSvili misis mamulisa~; nasoflarebi algeTis xeobaSi, romlebic gaukacrielebuli iyo: `marabda da qacabandianio misis samarTlianis samZRvriT~, koia, RvadvaleTi, corveTi, gudarexi, RorieTi. maSasadame, fariSatsa da giorgis algeTis xeobaSi ekuTvnodaT 9 sofeli, maTi ZiriTadi yma-mamuli, zvrebi, xodabunebi, 20 aRricxuli komli yma
1 2 3

cssa. fondi 1450. davTari #11. sabuTi #112. cssa. fondi 1450. davTari #11. sabuTi #112. iqve. sabuTi #112.

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glexi, CxikvTas naxevari, axalSenSi yma aznauro tyibunasSvili misis mamuliT, agreTve qvemo sabuzarSi aznauri nasarRlisSvili misis mamuliT. algeTis xeobaSi nasoflarebad, gapartaxebul adgilebas qceula iseTi soflebi, rogorebicaa: marabda, koia, dvalTa, covreTi, gudarexi da RorieTi. kidev ufro mZime demografiul da Sesabamisad, materialurekonomikuri mgomareobaSi Canan fariSatisa da giorgis samflobeloebi qciis xeobaSi, romelSic sabuTis Tanaxmad, 8 sofeli da nasoflaria aRnusxuli. soflebSi: samadaaT karaqaSi, fazaanT karaqaSi da kodismaSi, maT ymaTa raodenoba ar Cans, TafanSi floben aznaur `iaralisSvils misis mamuliTa~, 1 xolo sofel mZovreTSi mxolod erT sakomlo mamuls. nasoflarebadaa qceuli: qujaeTi, yurisxevi da xorixebi. yarabulaxSi maT mflobelobas Sedgenda soflebi: sxalnari da `WitaanT dmanisi gugunas wilis gardaisad~. 2 nasoflarebia: naqalaqevi, kvirkeTi, sarkineTi, revaSeni. skvireTis xeobaSi sof. kveseTSi, fariSatsa da giorgis yma aznauri iyo vaznaZe, isini flobdnen amave xeobis sofel beTaniaSi sam sakomlo mamuls, xolo akurisi nasoflars warmoadgenda. TrialeTSi baraTaSvilTa am saxls ekuTvnoda nasoflarebi: babia, monasteri, Tala, gvirgvineTi. maT sabatonos warmoadgenda qaligenSi `yaraSvili misis mamuliTa~ da somxiTs sofeli vanqi _ `oTxi sakomlo nasyidianaT~, agreTve nasoflarebi: Waobi, modinaxe, kvantasRisi. aRsaniSnavia, Tu ra msgavsebas avlens fariSatisa da giorgis mflobeloba, 1523 wlis gayris sabuTSi aRweril gugunas, germanozisa da maTi Zmebis sabatonosTan. ar unda gamogvrCes mxedvelobidan, rom 1523 wlis gayris wignSi aRnusxulia germanozisa da misi Zmebis kuTvnili mxolod 20 sofeli, rac aSkarad arasruli CamonaTvalia baraTianT am saxlobis qonebisa. rogorc 1523 wlisaTvis germanozi da misi Zmebi flobdnen yma-mamuls algeTis xeobis soflebSi: ertisSi, tbisSi, enageSTi, cxvrisSi, axalSenSi, covreTsa da dvalTaSi, qciis xeobis soflebSi: Tafansa da mZovreTSi, skvireTis xeobis sofel beTaniaSi, agreTve 1543 wlis gayris wignis Tanaxmadac, fariSat da giorgi baraTaSvilebis yma-mamulis nawilis mflobelobac iqve dasturdeba. iase lorTqifaniZes Sedarebuli aqvs fariSatisa da giorgis mflobeloba, 1721 wlis somxiT-sabaraTianos aRweris davTrebSi aRnusxul germanoziSvilTa kuTvnili yma-mamulis yvela Tvisobriv xasiaTTan da miaCnia, rom `1543 wlidan 1721 wlamde SedarebiT Zlier cotaTi gadidebula. 44 soflisa da nasoflaridan mxolod 8 sofels 24 komlis magier gaCenia 33 komli, 9 nasoflars gaCenia 55 komli da 22 sofels, sadac mosaxleoba ar Cans, magram saSualo angariSiT unda yofiliyon, gaCenila 7 komli, maSasadame 30 komlis magier germanoziSvilebs 1721 wels Zvel soflebSi yoliaT 95 komli. SeuZeniaT 4 axal sofelSi 25 komli~, 3 agreTve did msgavsebas avlens 1543 wlis gayris wignSi aRwerili 44 sofeli da nasoflari, 1721 wels aRweril germanoziSvilTa yma-mamulis flobis adgilmdebareobasTan.
1 2 3

iqve. sabuTi #112. iqve. sabuTi #112. iase lorTqifaniZe. dasax. naSromi. gv. 422.

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1543 wlis ganCinebiT fariSati da giorgi somxiT-sabaraTianoSi floben 44 sofelsa da nasoflars. ar gamovricxavT, rom CamonaTvali arasruli iyos. algeTis xeobaSi 9 sofeli; qciis xeobaSi _ 5; yarabulaxSi _ 2; skvireTSi _ 2; somxiTSi _ 1 da kidev erTi sofeli. sul 20. nasoflarebi: algeTSi _ 5; qciis xeobaSi _ 3; yarabulaxSi _ 4; skvireTSi _ 1; TrialeTSi _ 7; da kidev 3 nasoflari. maSasadame, sul 24 nasoflari. fariSatisa da giorgis vasal aznaurebad gvevlinebian: yorRanaSvilebi, yaraSvilebi, gogaZe, vaznaZe, tyabunaSvili, nasardliSvili, iaralisSvili. Tu Tvals gadavavlebT 1721 wlis aRweraSi aRnusxul germanoziSvilTa sabatono soflebs, aRmoCndeba, rom 1543 wlis sabuTSi naxseneb soflebs emateba mxolod oTxi: abelia, ergenTala, verxvnala da andria. Tumca ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom germanoziSvilTa saTavados fuZemdebeli, germanoz qavTarisZe baraTaSvili jer kidev 1528 wlisTvis flobda sofel andriaSi `memkvidre~ glexebs, xolo sof. verxvnalas gudarexis monastrisadmi Sewirulobaze zemoTac mogaxseneT da qvemoTac SevCerdebiT. vfiqrobT, ymamamulis flobis igiveoba, gamonaklisi SemTxvevebis garda, rac savsebiT bunebrivia (feodaluri saxli xan kargavda ama Tu im samflobelos, xan ki iZenda. z.W.), vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnobasTan erTad _ `fareSaTis~ germanoziSvilobis Sesaxeb, srul safuZvels iZleva vivaraudoT, rom fareSati da giorgi germanoziSvilTa winaprebi arian. Tumca vimeorebT, amis damamtkicebeli pirdapiri sabuTi xelT ar gvaqvs. `1543 wlis sigeliT ergo germanoziSvilebis winaprebs fariSat da giorgi baraTaSvilebs mamulis gamoyofis dros 44 sofelsa da nasoflarebSi mamuli da ymebi~,1 _ aRniSnavda fariSatisa da giorgis Sesaxeb iase lorTqifaniZe, romelic darwmunebuli iyo am ukanasknelTa germanoziSvilTa winaprobaSi. vaxuStis cnobaze da 1543 wlis gayris sabuTze dayrdnobiT g. jamburia werda: `CvenTvis mas is mniSvneloba aqvs, rom fariSati, romelic aq baraTaSviladaa moxsenebuli da vaxuStis istoriaSi ki germanoziSvilad, am sabuTis Semdgenlis mier germanozianT winapradaa miCneuli, rac swori unda iyos. amas vaxuStic adasturebs~.2 g. jamburia 1543 wlis gayris sabuTs, eWvis TvaliT uyurebs, magram fareSats mainc germanoziSvilTa winaprad miiCnevs. Cveni mxridan, mokrZalebiT vacxadebT, rom fareSat da giorgi baraTaSvilebi, germanoz qavTarisZe baraTaSvilis Svilebi an SviliSvilebi gvgonia. 1721 wlis aRweris Tanaxmad, germanozianT sakuTrebaSi aRar Cans soflebi da nasoflarebi: algeTis xeobaSi _ RorieTi, CxikvTa, ertisi, dvalTa; qciis xeobaSi _ kldeisi, samadaaT karaqa, fazaanT karaqa; yarabulaxSi _ naqalaqevi, sarkineTi; skvireTSi _ beTania; somxiTSi _ vanqi. 1721 wlamde germanoziSvilebs daukargavT 11 sofeli da nasoflari, xolo SeuZleniaT oTxi. Tumca, rogorc vTqviT, am oTxidan or sofelSi andriasa da verxvnalaSi, maTi yma-mamuli adrec dasturdeba. aSkarad TvalSisacemia, rom germanozianT saxlis mflobeloba, teritoriebis mxriv, saukunenaxevarze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi,
1 2

ias. lorTqifaniZe. `qvemo qarTli~. III nawili. gv. 419. g. jamburia. dasax. naSromi. gv. 54.

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mniSvnelovnad ar Secvlila. 1721 wlisTvis maT mamulebi aqvT Sematebuli algeTis xeobaSi _ soflebi: abelia da verxvnala; dmanisis xeobaSi _ ergenTala da qciis xeobaSi _ andria. gayris wignis Seswavlisas, yuradRebaa gasamaxvilebeli im garemoebaze, rom germanoziSvilTa winaprebis xelSi arsebuli samflobeloebidan, naxevarze meti nawili gaukacrielebulia. 44 soflidan 24 ukve nasoflarad Cans. Sesabamisad, sakmaod unda iyos Semcirebuli maTi yma aznaurebisa da yma glexebis ricxvic. am mxriv, gansakuTRebiT dazaralebuli Cans algeTis xeoba, sadac germanoziSvilebis kuTvnilebaa 6 nasoflari da TrialeTi, sadac maT 7 nasoflari ekuTvniT. bunebrivia, feodalTa mamulebis gapartaxeba mkveTrad aisaxeboda saTavados ekonomikur SesaZleblobebsa da mis politikur datvirTvaze. qveyanaSi Sida feodalur xSir SuRls, dapirispirebasa da XVI saukunis I naxevridan mTels qarTlis samefoze yizilbaSTa gaxSirebul Tavdasxmebs, romelTa pirveli talRa swored somxiTsabaraTianoze modioda, ar SeeZlo Tavisi mkveTrad uaryofiTi xasiaTis daRi ar daesva qvemo qarTlis axalfexadgmul saTavadoebze da maT ganviTarebaze. germanoziSvilTa saTavado algeTis xeobaSi Camoyalibda. algeTis xeobaSive mdebareobda gudarexis monasteri, romelic germanoziSvilTa sagvareulos saZvales warmoadgenda. gudarexi, romelic aSenebisTanave samefo monastrad iTvleboda, SemdgomSi baraTaSvilTa xelSi gadadis. vfiqrobT, XVI saukunis II naxevridan gudarexi germanoziSvilTa sagvareulo monasteri xdeba, romelSic am feodaluri saxlis wevrebi ikrZalebodnen. bunebrivia, es ar gamoricxavs im garemoebas, rom am monasterSi baraTianT sxva Stos warmomadgenlebsac moepovebinaT gansasvenebeli. es viTareba gansakuTrebiT XVI saukunis meore naxevars exeba. `gudarexis monastris mTavar taZarSi kankelis win yvela niSnebis mixedviT sagvareulo akldama yofila. aq daculi samarxis qvebis warwerebi amJRavneben, rom es akldama germanozianT kuTvnilebaa. amaze ufro gvajerebs is garemoeba, rom meTvramete saukunis pirveli xanebisaTvis germanozianT gvars gudarexSi sakuTreba hqonia da ymebic hyolia, rogorc es Cans 1721 wlis aRwerilobidan~. 1 saerTod, germanoziSvilTa saTavados Seswavlis saqmeSi udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs g. Citaias mier gaweul Sromasa da Rvawls. man mravali mniSvnelovani TariRi da cnoba Semogvinaxa, baraTaSvilTa am Stos warmomadgenlebis Sesaxeb. gudarexis monastris warwerebisa da saflavis qvebis epitafiebis Sesaxeb igi werda: `warweris teqstidan Cven vgebulobT cnobebs ama Tu im sagvareulo akldamebis Sesaxeb, vtyobilobT gansazRvruli epoqisaTvis gvaris Semadgenel wevrTa daaxloebiTs raodenobas, vamowmebT zogierT istoriul faqtebs da zogs warweris mixedviT vaTariRebT pitareTis pirvelxarisxovani Zeglis meored ganaxlebis faqts, rac Cven sxva

g. Citaia. `saq. muzeumis moambe~. tfilisi. 1926 w. III t. `pitareTisa da gudarexis saflavis qvebi~. gv. 114-115.

20

wyaroebidan dRemde ar vicodiT~. 1 fiqrobT, fitareTis taZris, masSi daculi artefaqtebisa da istoriuli masalis Seswavlis mniSvnelobasa da xarisxze gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi, mTlianad esadageba gudarexis monastris Seswavlis sakiTxsac. gudarexis monasters germanoziSvilTa xelSi gadasulad g. jamburia XVII saukuneSi Tvlis. `algeTis xeobaSive, bedenis mTis sanaxebSi hqondaT germanoziSvilebs sasaflao-monasteri _ gudarexi, romelic Tavidan samefo monasteri iyo (XIII saukuneSi aSenebuli mefe rusudanis mier Tavis sasaflaod. g.j.) Semdeg baraTaSvilebma daimkvidres, xolo XVII saukunisaTvis baraTaSvilebis erTi Stos germanoziSvilebis sasaflaod qceula~. 2 sayuradReboa, rom 1543 wlis gayris sabuTis Tanaxmad, gudarexi nasoflaria da is fariSat da giorgi baraTaSvilebis kuTvnilebaa, amitom Cven vvaraudobT, rom germanoziSvilTa saxlis wevrebi gudarexSi XVI saukunis II naxevarSic imarxebodnen. Cven viciT, rom germanoziSvilTa gvaris pirveli xseneba (Tu ar CavTvliT vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnobas fareSat germanoziSvilis Sesaxeb. z.W.) gvxvdeba swored gudarexis monasterSi aRmoCenili saflavis qvis warweraSi. epitafiaSi ixseneba `TinaTin Ze lionisa meuRle 3 g...manozisSvilis iase~ -si. iase germanoziSvili g. jamburiam 1630 wels imave monastrisadmi sofel verxvnalis Semwirvel iese baraTaSvilTan gaaigiva. Cvenc aRvniSneT, rom am sakiTxis amgvar gadawyvetilebaSi mecniers rigi garemoebebic uwyobda xels da garkveuli safuZvelic gaaCnda. upirveles yovlisa, maTi moRvaweobis xana emTxveva erTmaneTs, meorec da mTavari, iese baraTaSvili (da ara iase. z.W.) swored im monasterSi akeTebs sakmaod mdidar Sewirulobas, romelSic dakrZalulia iase germanoziSvilis meuRle da Svili _ darejani da romelic yvela niSnis mixedviT, misi da misi ojaxis sasaflaos warmoadgens. iese baraTaSvili 1630 wels unaxlebs gudarexis monasters sofel verxvnalas Sewirulobas, mcovreTisa da RorisTavis saxnav-saTesi miwebis garda. igi Sewirul mamulebs aTarxnebs da gudarexis monasterSi, baraTaSvilTa saxelze awesebinebs aRaps. 4 ieses hyavs meuRle marexi, romelsac g. jamburia mis meore meuRled miiCnevs TinaTinis Semdeg. aRsaniSnavia, rom iese baraTaSvili arc erT sabuTSi arc TviTon uwodebs Tavs germanoziSvils da arc sxvis mier aris naxsenebi aRniSnuli gvariT. ieses hyavs Zmebi: SioSi (siauSi) da daviT baraTaSvilebi, agreTve Svilebi: guguna, avTandili, giorgi da daviTi. Zalzed sayuradReboa, rom Tavad iese, rig SemTxvevebSi iase, mTel rig sabuTebSi Tavs ara germanoziSvilad, aramed TamazisSvilad moixseniebs. gvaris aseTi saxe migvaniSnebs, rom ieses mama Tamaz baraTaSvili unda yofiliyo. marTlac, dokumentebSi gvxvdeba XVII saukunis I naxevris moRvawe Tamaz baraTaSvili. mas da mis Svilebs: siauSs, iesesa da daviTs 1643 wels qarTlis mefe rostomma erTguli samsaxurisTvis `sajildaod~ uboZa beJan
1

iqve. gv. 114. g. jamburia. dasax. naSromi. gv. 56. 3 g. Citaia. `saq. muzeumis moambe~. tfilisi. 1926 w. III t. `pitareTisa da gudarexis saflavis qvebi~. gv. 114-115. 4 xelnaweri instituti. Hd-14667.
2

21

saakaZis kuTvnili mamulebi: RorisTavSi, jaldamis nasoflarianad; goderZisa da Sermazanis mamis naqoni mamulebis garda.1 Tamazi, Tavis mxriv, papuna baraTaSvilis Zma da gostaSab baraTaSvilis Svilia. mas me-4 muxlis biZaSviloba akavSirebs germanoziSvilebTan, magram igi gostaSab iovanesZe baraTaSvilis Svili da, maSasadame, gostaSabiSvilTa Stos warmoadgens da ara germanoziSvilebis. Tavad iese TamazisZe baraTaSvilis STamomavloba XVII saukunis meore naxevris sabuTebSi, xSirad TamazisSvilTa gvariT gvxvdeba da maT germanoziSvilebTan Soreuli naTesaobis garda, raime mniSvnelovani kavSiri ara aqvT. aq mxolod imis aRniSvna SeiZleba, rom gudarexis monasterSi `interesebi~ germanozis umcrosi Zmis gostaSabis STamomavlebsac da baraTianT sxva saxlebsac hqonodaT, rasac iese TamazisZis moqmedebac adasturebs. ase rom, iase germanoziSvils hyavda CvenTvis cnobili mxolod erTi meuRle TinaTini da igi Tavis SvilTan darejanTan erTad gudarexis monasterSi ganisvenebs. marTalia, Tavad Tamaz baraTaSvilisa da misi STamomavlebis SeswavlasTan dakavSirebiT Cven bevri kiTxva gvebadeba, rac calke msjelobis sagania, magram misi Ze iese baraTaSvil-TamazisSvilisa da iase germanoziSvilis igiveoba gamoricxulad gveCveneba. `germanoziSvilebis Sesaxeb sabuTebi saerTod cotaa da isinic Raribia cnobebiT~, 2 _ werda g. jamburia. vfiqrobT, mecnieris SeniSvna XVI saukunis II naxevarsa da XVII saukunis pirvel meoTxeds exeba. XVII saukunis pirveli naxevris miwurulidan, germanoziSvilTa saxlis wevrebis xSirad vxvdebiT sxvadasxva xasiaTis sabuTebSi. uaRresad saintereso moRvawea germanoz baraTaSvili. germanoz baraTasZe qaCibaZisa da germanoz qavTarisZe baraTaSvilis Semdgom, is mTels baraTianT gvarSi mesame piria, vinc am sakuTar saxels atarebs. germanozis mamad paata saxeldeba, Tumca sabuTebs misi moRvaweobis Sesaxeb ver mivakvlieT. XVII saukunis 10-20-ian wlebSi mTels aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobas, iranis Sahis - abas Iis moqmedebebidan gamomdinare, sruli ganadgurebis safrTxe daemuqra. qarTlisa da kaxeTis Tavad-aznaurobam, mTelma mosaxleobam, didi mourav giorgi saakZis winamZRolobiT, sasicocxlo Zalebis mTeli daZabviT, SesZlo qveynisaTvis sasikvdilo safrTxis Tavidan acileba. didi mouravis gverdiT baraTianT didi saxlobis, bevri wevri ibrZoda. mouravis momxre TavadTa Soris vxedavT germanoz baraTaSvilsac. germanozi mouravis mokavSire da mxardamWeria, ara marto am ukanasknelis qarTlis samefos fargebSi moqmedebisas, aramed mis farglebs gareTac. germanozi da misi saxlikaci giorgi qavTariSvili, marabdisa da qsnis omebis Semdeg, romlebSic, savaraudod, TviTonac miiRebdnen monawileobas (marabdisaSi ueWvelad. z.W.), giorgi saakaZes mihyvebian ojaxebiTa da msaxuraznauriSvilebiT mesxeTSi _ gandevnilebaSi. `zog-zogi baraTianni Tan wamyves colSvilianad, giorgi qavTariSvili, germanoz msaxur-ymianad.
1 2

iqve. Hd-14445. g. jamburia.

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sxva msaxur marjvekacebi, msvlelni ara Tu gvianad, im Temis aznaurSvilni movlen Tamamad, xmianad~1 _ aTqmevinebs did mouravs ioseb Tbileli-saakaZe Tavis poema `didmouravianSi~. germanozs monawileoba unda ieRo saakaZis mier mesxeTSi yizilbaSTa winaaRmdeg ganxorcielebul samxedro operaciebSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom germanozs ar edgomeba iranelTa mier xeldasmul svimon II-is gverdiT da somxiT-sabaraTianodan mesxeTSi gadadis aznaurebTan da ojaxTan erTad. bunebrivia, am mosazrebebis gamoTqmisas, mxolod ioseb Tbilelis poetur qmnilebas ver daveyrdnobiT. germanozi mouravis gverdiT Cans, am ukanasknelis dasavleT saqarTvelos samefo-samTavroebSi politikuri moRvaweobis drosac, sadac giorgi saakaZe politikur dasayrdens, maSveli samxedro Zalebis miRebasa da mWidro politikursamokavSireo kavSiris Sekvras cdilobda. afxazeTis (das. saqarTvelo. z.W.) kaTalikosi malaqia II-gurieli (1515-1539), saficris wigns aZlevs did mouravs da mis Tanmxleb qarTlel feodalebs: `...ese ukunisamde JamTa gasaTavebeli fici, piri da wigni mogaxseneT Cven, patriarqman kaTalikozma malaqiam Tquen, patrons mouravs giorgis da Tquensa Svilsa avTandils, da SvilTa da momavalTa saxlisa TquenisaTa, kideve batoniSvils qaixosros da batons baraTasa da giorgis da germanos da erTobliT vinc vin Tqueni erTgulni da TquenTan myofni aznaurSvilni arian, didni da mcireni~. 2 sabuTi dauTariRebelia. misi Sedgenis sawyis wlad 1616 weli unda miviCnioT, roca moxda das. saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso taxtze malaqia gurielis aRsaydreba, xolo Tu miviRebT, rom wignSi moxsenebuli `baraTa~ _ igive somxiT-sabaraTianos spaspeti baraTa baraTaSvilia, romelic 16251626 ww. mokles, maSin sabuTi 1616-1625/26 wlebSi Sedgenili gamodis. mouravis Tanmxlebi baraTas, giorgisa da `germanosis~ (igive germanozi. z.W.) baraTaSviloba CvenSi eWvs ar iwvevs. malaqia kaTalikosi germanozsa da saakaZis sxva Tanmxleb baraTaSvilebs mouravis `erTgul~ moRvaweebad moixsenebs da mouravis `erTgulebs~ uwodebs maT. `ese saficari mogaxseneT asre da ama pirsa zeda. viyuneT TquenTvn kargni da kargis mdomni. ara gavnoT, ara gazianoT, ara kaciTa, ara vicruoT, ara gityuoT, ara giCxuboT. da Tu Cvens alags mobrZandeT, kidec SevixiznoT da aras kacsa saZaloT da saavkacoT ar daganeboT, rac Zalgvedvas. da Tu Cvenis alagidame wabZaneba moindomoT, Cveni adgili uzianoT gagaroninoT~. 3 ficis wignSi, ZiriTadad, bunebrivia, giorgi saakaZis mimarTebaSi iyo Sedgenili, Tumca masSi aRwerili yvela dadebiTi mxare baraTaSvilebsac, maT Soris, germanozsac exeboda. mouravsa da mis momxre baraTianT saxlis wevrebs mSvenivrad hqondaT Segnebuli im brZolis xifaTianoba da mTeli saSiSroeba, romelsac es ukanasknelni eweodnen. amitom maT aucileblad miaCndaT imereTis samefoSi ukan dasaxevi gzis winaswar gamzadeba da adgilobriv xelisuflebaSi (rogorc saero, agreTve sasulieroSi. z.W.)
1 2 3

ioseb saakaZe. `didmouraviani~. qarTuli mwerloba. VI t. gv. 633. `qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi~. II t. 1970 w. Tbilisi. gv. 484-485. `qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi~. III t. gv. 484-485.

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mxardamWerTa gamravleba. wignSi dawvrilebiTaa gawerili mouravisa da baraTaSvilTa imereTSi SesaZlo iZulebiT TavSesafris _ `Sexizvnis~ SesaZlebloba da agreTve maTi iq yofnis pirobebSi, saficris wignis gamcemi umaRlesi saeklesio ierarqiis movaleoba-valdebulebebi maT winaSe. cnobilia, rom XVII saukunis 10-20-ian wlebSi baraTaSvilTa did sagvareuloSi didi ganxeTqilebaa. xSiria mwvave winaaRmdegobebi, rac umeteswilad sisxlisRvriT mTavrdeboda, romelic arcTu iSviaTad ama Tu im Stos ojaxis srul amowyvetas an damdablebas iwvevda. mravamxrivi iyo baraTianT sxvadasxva saxlis interesebic. Tu erTni Sahis samsaxurSi iyvnen, meoreni gaafTrebiT ibrZodnen, rogorc yizilbaSTa, aseve Tavis mogvarenaTesavebis winaaRmdegac. xSirad saxlis pozicia mxolod maT kerZo interesebidan gamomdinareobda. germanozi sakmaod zaraldeba Tavisi orientaciis gamo. qarTlis marioneti mefe svimon II (1619-1631), romlis Zalaufleba xSirad mxolod somxiT-sabaraTianoze vrceldeboda, 1627 wels germanozis samkvidro sofels somxiTSi _ vanqs, soibaTiasaul zurab yafaraSvils uboZebs. 1 rogorc Cans, germanozi qarTlis mmarTvelTa keTilganwyobas mxolod rostom mefis dros ibrunebs. aRsaniSnavia saerTod rostomis keTilganwyoba mouravis ojaxisa da misi momxre feodalebisadmic, bunebrivia, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu es ukanasknelni mis mimarTac loialurad iqnebodnen ganwyobilni. 1642 wels rostomma germanoz baraTaSvils, somxiTSi sof. didi weraqvi uboZa, adre CamorTmeuli samkvidro sofel covreTis nacvlad. 2 rogorc vxedavT, adre germanozisaTvis ara marto vanqi, aramed covreTic waurTmeviaT. 1721 wlis aRweris Tanaxmad, algeTis xeobis sof. covreTSi germanozis SvilisSvilisSvili oTari kvlav flobs yma-mamuls. 1643 wels rostomi germanozs uaxlebs gudarexis monastrisa da imave sof. covreTis wyalobas. 3 wyalobis ganaxleba ki imas niSnavs, rom an Tavad germanozs an mis romelime winapars ukve hqonia gudrexis monasterTan dakavSirebuli wyalobis sigeli, rac, samwuxarod, Cvenamde moRweuli ar aris. vfiqrobT, mainc mniSvnelovani movlenaa gudarexis monastris wyalobis ganaxleba germanozis saxlisa da saTavadosaTvis. germanozs udavod didi damsaxureba miuZRvis saTavados aRdgena-ganmtkicebis saqmeSi. igi gardacvlili Cans 1653 wels. germanozs hyavda xuTi vaJi: oTari, paata, beri, varaza da arseni. germanozis gardacvalebis Semdgom, saTavado saxlis ufrosad misi pirmSo Ze oTari gvevlineba. sabuTebSi oTari ukve gvxvdeba rogorc baraTaSvilis, aseve germanoziSvilis gvariTac. yuradReba unda gavamaxviloT im garemoebaze, rom Tu germanozs raime saxelmwifo moxelis saxeloTi ver vxedavT, misi Svilebi ukve floben, marTalia, ara maRal, magram mainc samefo karis Tanamdebobebs. oTars boqaulTuxucesis saxelo uWiravs, paata _ mejinibeTuxucesia, varazac mejinibeTuxucesis Tanamdebobaze Cans. germanozis Svili arseni ki saeklesio sarbileze
1 2 3

saq. centr. arqivi. 1450-49/45. saq. centr. arqivi. 1450-14/8. saq. centr. arqivi. 1450-14/9.

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winaurdeba. sabuTebSi arsen germanozisZe baraTaSvili manglel episkoposad gvevlineba. oTari, rogorc mamamisi germanozi, erTgulad emsaxureba jer rostoms, Semdgom mis memkvidresac. boqaulTuxucesis saxeloc mas mSoblis sicocxleSive unda hqonodes miRebuli. vaxuStis cnobiT: `mandaturTuxucesis xelisa iyo: mandaturni, boqaulTuxucesni, boqaulni, mebWeni, mekreni, qondaqarni, sarangani da nadimobis wesi da winaZRola mefisa, moxsenebanadimisa da amxedrebulisa amis mier iyo mefisa~. 1 mandaturTuxucess rostomma yizilbaSur yaidaze `eSikaRasi~ anu eSikaRaTbaSi uwoda; boqaulebs _ eliaRaji, magram aRsaniSnavia, rom oficialur sabuTebSi boqaulis da boqaulTuxucesis Tanamdebobas, qarTuli dasaxelebiT gacilebiT xSirad vxvdebiT, vidre iranel `eliaRajs~ an `eliaRajbaSs~. vaxtang VI-is `dasturlamalis~ Tanaxmad, XVIII saukunis dasawyisSi, qarTlSi ukve 17 boqaulTuxucesi moqmedebs. `Cven sruliad iranis mdivanbegman da saqarTvelos janiSinman patronman Sahyulixan, Cvenis karis eSikaRibaSisa, boqaulT-xucisa, da yafCisa da iasaulis sargo da gayofa amgvaraT gavarigeo~, 2 _ acxadebda qarTlis janiSini. am dokumentidanac naTlad Cans, rom boqaulTuxucesi eSikaRibaSis daqvemdebarebaSi iyo, xolo Tavad boqaulTuxucess emorCilebodnen: boqaulebi, yafiCebi, iasaulebi. boqaulTuxucesi SeiZleba yofiliyo samefo da sadedofloc. is maRal saxelos ar warmoadgenda. `raime didi samoxeleo Tanamdeboba germanozianT saxls ar hqonia~, 3 _ sruliad safuZvlianad SeniSnavda germanoziSvilTa Sesaxeb g. jamburia. miuxedavad amisa, sayuradReboa, rom germanoziSvilebs saSualo xarisxis das axis samefo saxeloebi mainc xSirad aqvT. 1657 wels vaxtang batoniSvilma oTar germanoziSvils algeTis xeobis sofel cxvrisSi uwyaloba _ merabiSvilebi, amave xeobis sofel zasSi _ iovane beriaSvili da nasardlaviSvili. 4 qarTlis mefe vaxtang V Sahnavazi oTars unaxlebs gudarexis kuTvnili soflis _ geruxnalas (ferxvnali. z.W.) Tarxnobas, romelic adre rostomis mier yofila gaTarxnebuli. 5 1653 wels oTarma donmaza gogibaSvils vanqs gaucvala yma-mamuli, `amovardnil~ zurab saakaZis naqon sofel abeliaze _ algeTis xeobaSi~. 6 1659 wels Zmebma: oTarma, paata da varaza germanoziSvilebma papuna da gostaSab baraTaSvilebs algeTis xeobis sfof. tbisSi mihyides `gamanauri mamulis urwyavi miwebi~, Cekuras venaxamde, urdulaZisa da janibegaSvilis mamulebamde. nasyidobis sabuTs amowmeben germanoziSvilTa ymani: 7 `jeraSvili danbara, fremaSvili ebela~. 1663 wels oTari sveticxovlis saydars uaxlebs nasoflar browles Sewirulobas. 8 oTari da misi Zmebi
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

vaxuSti batoniSvili. `aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa~. gv. 21. iqve. gv. 32. g. jamburia. dasax. naSromi. gv. 58. e. TayaiSvili. `saqarTvelos siZveleni~. I t. tfilisi. 1920 w. xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-14692. xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-4664. e. TayaiSvili. `saqarTvelos siZveleni~. I t. gv. 66. saq. centr. saist. arqivi. 1449-1797.

25

xSirad gvxvdebian mowmeebad an davis gamrigeebad qvemo qarTleli feodalebis nasyidobebisa da davis ganCinebis wignebSi. 1671 wels oTari da misi Zma paata mejinibeTuxucesi amowmeben, gostaSabiSvilebisa da asanbegiSvilebis nasyidobis wigns. 1 aRsaniSnavia, rom wignSi ratomRac jer paataa naxsenebi, Semdeg ki ufrosi Zma _ oTari. nasyidobas amowmeben: `mejinibeTuxucesi paata, misi Zma oTari~. 2 oTari am sabuTSi saxelos gareSec ixseneba, magram es sulac ar niSnavs, rom mas aRniSnuli saxelo 1671 wlisaTvis dakarguli aqvs. sayuradReboa is garemoebac, rom am nasyidobis sabuTis mowme da damadasturebel qvemo qarTlel TavadTa Soris, germanoziSvilTa saxlis wevrebi wignSi pirvelebad moixseniebian. 1673 wels paata mejinibeTuxucesi mowmed saxeldeba baraTaSvilebisa da gostaSabiSvilebis nasyidobis wignSi. 3 1665 wlis baraTaSvilebisa da gostaSabiSvilebis nasyidobis sabuTis `kacTagan damxdomi da mowame~ 4 -T gvevlinebian `germanoziSvili oTari da paata~. XVII saukunis 70-ian wlebSi oTari germanoziSvili qvemo qarTlSi akeTebs ramdenime venaxis nasyidobas. 1679 wels isapanaSvilisagan yidulobs venaxs. 5 imave wels Tavisive yma daTuna xizaniSvilisagan yidulobs venaxs. 6 venaxs iZens agreTve beruka CekuraSvilisagan da mazitazubiaSvilisagan. 7 uTariRo sabuTis Tanaxmad, oTar da paata germanoziSvilebi papuna gostaSabiSvils da mis saxls aZleven ficisa da pirobis wigns, `rom dReis iqiT batonis Cvenis uzianos saqmiT mterzed mteri viyvneT da moyvarebzed moyvareni, da rac mRrTisa kacis xeliT kargi dagemarTos, imisi monatre viyvneT~ 8 -o. rogorc Cans, raRac seriozuli uTanxmoeba da usiamovno damokidebuleba Seqmnila, baraTianTa am or monaTesave Stos Soris, rasac msgavsi xasiaTis dokumentis Seqmnis aucilebloba gamoiwvia. oTar germanoziSvils 1653 wels vxvdebiT mowmed da davis gamrigedac, gudarexelTa da RirisTavelTa samamule davis dros, roca orive mxare `samZRvarzed~ daobda. 9 mas aRniSnul saqmeze Cveneba miucia iasaul papia SanSiaSvilisaTvis. imave papia SanSiaSvilma 1676 wels gaariga dava oTarsa da Tavad zaal solaRaSvils Soris, romlebic tagnageTis miwebze daobdnen. dava Tavad mefe vaxtang Vis brZanebiT gairCa da oTari gamtyunda, sadavo miwebi solaRaSvilebs darCaT. 10 oTaris yma-mamuli dasturdeba sof. CxekvTaSi, romelSic mas Sexvda soflis zemonawili, saam da SioS baraTaSvilebis mier Cxekvis gayofis dros. 11 sabuTebis mixedviT vigebT, rom oTaris meuRles mariami rqmevia, Tumca misi gvari ar Cans. 1679 wels oTarma Tavis meuRles
1

e. TayaiSvili. `saqarTvelos siZveleni~. I t. gv. 68. iqve. gv. 71-72. 3 e. TayaiSvili. `saqarTvelos siZveleni~. I t. gv. 69. 4 iqve. gv. 116. 5 xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-2184. 6 xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-5174. 7 xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-9322. 8 e. TayaiSvili. `saqarTvelos siZveleni~. I t. gv. 121-122. 9 xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-1471. 10 saq. centr. arqivi. 1448-97. 11 xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-8809.
2

26

`sasulierod~ misca nasyidi mamulebi. 1 oTars da mariams Svili ar hyavdaT. oTarma Tavis samkvidro da Tavisi wili mamulebi mTlianad Zmiswulebs dautova. `q.-am uxnos soflisagan oTari germanoziSvili uSvilod darComiliyo. Tavisi wili mamuli srul Tavisas ZmiswulebisaTvis mieca~. 2 Zmiswulebi oTaris meuRles mainc awuxebdnen da edavebodnen. 1692 wels mariams yma-mamulis Taobaze Seedavnen oTaris Zmis, paatas Svilebi: papua da guguna. germanozianT saxlis wevrebis dava gaariges: kaTalikosma, saxlTuxucesma papua muxranbatonisSvilma da mdivanbegma barZim aragviserisTavisSvilma. SesaZloa dava uSualod mefesTanac an misi CareviT garCeuliyo, vinaidan ganCinebaSi vkiTxulobT: `sasamarTloT batonTan SeviyareniT. maTi sarCeli gavigoneT~ 3 -o. bunebrivia, Tavad oTari 1692 wlisaTvis ukve gardacvlilia, savaraudod gardacvlilia misi Zma paatac, romlis vaJebic edavebian oTaris qvrivs. mariams mefisTvis arza miurTmevia: `Tavis sicocxleSi oTarman Tavisi nasyidi saficriT me momcao, sanam cocxali iyo, Sen gqondeso: da raxan sofelman mis ar daiSalos orTavesTan saaRaped daidvaso~. 4 rTulia am sabuTiT garkveva mangleli episkoposis vinaobis, romelic `erTsarekals~ nasyid venaxze edaveba mariams. papua da guguna sadavo miwebze acxadebdnen: `mamis Cvenis nasyidi ariso~, 5 magram nasyidobaSi arc paatas saxeli Canda, verc sxva damamtkicebeli sabuTi ver warmoadgines da papuas fici edeba. sainteresoa, rom sigelSi papua paatasZe germanoziSvili asaxelebs mamidasac. mariamis mxlebel gergiZis gamo davaSi papua acxadebs: `Tavad mxlebeli Seni ar iyo, mamidisCemisa iyo~ 6-o. anu gamodis, rom germanoz baraTaSvils erTi asulic hyolia, magram samwuxarod, sabuTSi misi saxeli ar Cans. Cven vxedavT, rom oTarma sruli Tavisi wili gauyrel saxlSi Zmiswulebs gadasca, meuRles mariams ki mziTviTa da TavisiT nasyidi qoneba dautova, risi sruli uflebac mas saTavado saxlikacobis rigis Tanaxmad hqonda, magram Zmiswulebi mainc edavebian oTaris meuRles. amave sabuTiT Cans, rom Tavad oTars mariamis dedis vali darCenia: 12 Tumani da 12 sapalne Rvino. pirvelad aRniSnuli dava mefe erekle I-is brZanebiT somxiT-sabaraTianos sardalma Tamaz orbeliSvilma gaariga da qmris datovebuli mamulebic da mxlebeli gergiZec, romelzec `sarClobdnen~ papua da guguna `batons mariams~ daaneba. garda aRniSnulis Tamaz sardlis ganaCeniT papuas daekisra oTaris valis gadaxdac. `garisi es batoni mariam iyo da amas darCeboda dedis qoneba~ 7 -o. magram sasamarTlos gauTvaliswinebia, rom 12 Tumanis naRdi fulis gadaxdiT `papuas Zali daemarTeboda~ da gadasaxdeli fulisa da Rvinis raodenoba gaunaxevrebia: `...sargebeli aRar viTxovnineT, Tvisaganac naxevari davukeliT da eqsi Tumani TeTri da eqsi
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

xelnawerTa xelnawerTa xelnawerTa iqve. iqve. iqve. xelnawerTa

instituti. Sd-755. instituti. Hd-6052. instituti. Hd-15059.

instituti. Hd-5052.

27

sapalne Rvino kidev batons mariams unda misces papuama germanozisSvilma~1germanozisSvilma~ 1 -o. bunebrivia, Tamaz sardlis, Cveni azriT, samarTliani ganaCeniT papua da guguna ukmayofiloni darCnen da, rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, axla saqmes kaTalikosi, saxlTuxucesi da mdivanbegi arCeven. ganCinebiT papuas fici daedo. mas unda daefica `erTi aznauriSvili~ da `sami msaxuri~-T; `mag Tamasuqisa oTars ar auRia da arc dauxarjavs~. Tu papua ver daificebda, maSin, rac TamasuqSi ewera, ukve mTlianad unda gadaexada mariamisTvis: TeTric da Rvinoc. 2 Cvens mier dawvrilebiT ganxiluli 1692 wlis ori sabuTidan naTlad SesaZlebelia saTavado saxlis SigniT mimdinare winaaRmdegobrivi procesebis gaazreba da Tvalis gadevneba, miTumetes, roca msgavsi xasiaTis davebi iSviaToba sruliadac ar iyo. germanoz baraTaSvilis meore vaJi paata, mejinibeTuxucesis saxelos atarebs, rostomis, vaxtang V-isa da giorgi XI-is mmarTvelobebis xanaSi. sabuTebSi gvxvdeba paatas 4 vaJi: papua, guguna, iase da domenti. rogorc mamamiss germanozs, aseve paatasac erTi Svili saeklesio cxovrebisa da sasuliero sarbielisTvis hyavs momzadebuli. paata XVII saukunis II naxevris somxiT-sabaraTianos sakmaod cnobili feodalia. igi xSirad gvxdeva am epoqis sxvadasxva xasiaTis, iuridiuli Zalis dokumentebSi, rac misi moRvaweobis Sesaxeb garkveul warmodgenas gviqmnis. vaxtang VI-is `dasturlamalis~ Tanaxmad, qarTlSi 5 mejinibeTuxucesi iyo dadgenili. aRniSnuli saxlo XVII saukuneSi samefo karis maRal Tanamdebobas ar warmoadgenda. 1653 wels `gudarexi da RorisTvelni bedenzed samZRvars Sescilebodnen~.3 vinaidan germanoziSvilebi am soflebSi mkvidr yma mamuls mamuls flobdnen (gudarexSi da mimdebared. z.W.), maT Cvenebas gadamwyveti mniSvneloba hqonda. amitom `axla germanoziSvils oTarsa da paatas fici daedva TaveTiT ymiT~. 4 rostomis mmarTvelobisas, paata mejinibeTuxucess dava hqonda saxlTuxuces yoflan baraTaSvilTan fitareTis sasaflaoze da mamulebis Taobaze. dava imdenad gavlenian pirebs Soris mimdinareobda, rom mis garigebaSi monawileobda TviTon mefe da samefo karis umaRlesi moxeleebi: `saxlisuxucesi ciciSvili patroni yaia, mdivanbegi roin javaxiSvili, boqaulTuxucesi elizbar daviTaSvili, mdivani birTveli~, 5 agreTve `episkopozi batoni Tbuileli~. paatasTan erTad yaflans edaveboda paatas saxlikacic _ papuna. modave mxareebs Soris bevri saCivari dagroviliyo. `erTmanerTs bevrs sacilobels saqmes uCioden~. 6 samwuxarod, sabuTidan ar Cans paatas `saxlikacis~ papunas zusti vinoba. mxolod sabuTSi aRniSnuli, naTesauri kavSiris aRmniSvneli sityviT `saxlikaciT~, paatasa da papunas naTesaurobis xarisxis dadgena rTulia. paatas am saxelis Zma ar hyavda. iqneb, biZa iyos papuna paatasi an biZaSvili? sabuTis uqonlobis gamo, kiTxvaze pasuxis gacema rTuldeba.
1 2 3 4 5 6

iqve. Hd-5052. iqve. Hd-15059. iqve. Hd-14671. iqve. Hd-14671. xelnawerTa instituti. Sd-794. iqve.

28

erTi ram ki aSkaraa, orive maTgans serTo interesi amoZravebs yaflan baraTaSvilis winaaRmdeg. paata da papuna yaflans edavebodnen fitareTis sasaflaoze, Sindnarasa da jabaze. paata amtkicebda, rom fitareTis sasaflaoSi germanoziSvilebis wili hqondaT, magram yaflani uaryofda paatas saCivars. `Tquen erTis ekuderis meti ara gqonebiaTo~. 1 sainteresoa, rom fitareTSi marTlac dasturdeba germanoziSvilTa garkveuli mflobeloba, yaflanis sityvebidanac gamomdinare. sasamarTlom gadawyvita, rom orive mxares `xuTis Tavis Sesaxelebulis aznaurisSviliTa da TxuTmetis Sesaxelebulis msaxuriTa~ daefica da dava fitareTze ficiT gadawyvetiliyo. aq aRsaniSnavia, rom germanoziSvilTa saTavados warmomadgenlisaTvis sirTules ar warmoadgens TxuTmeti msaxuris xleba da arc vasali aznaurebis simcires ganicdis. Tavis mxriv, yaflanasac hqonda saCivrebi paatas mimarT. igi germanoziSvilebs sof. WreSi ymamamulze, xodabunebze, iragelkacze, savnel glexze, darbazis, Tawmindisa da brutianis mTaze, SaymaSvilis nayid venaxze da yarabulaxSi mdebare nasoflar sarkineTze edaveboda. gavixsenoT, rom sarkineTi 1543 wlis gayris wignis Tanaxmad, germanozianT winaprebis: fariSatisa da giorgis mflobelobaSi Cans da mas Semdegac mTel saukuneze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi kvlav nasoflarad rCeba. mosaxleoba sabuTebidan gamomdinare, sarkineTSi ar gvxvdeba, ar Cans. ganCinebis Tanaxmad, WreSSi yaflans rCeboda aznauri yaiTmazaSvili da misi aznaurebis nayidi ymebi, xolo danarCeni aznaurisSvilebi da yma-glexebi paatas unda mikuTvneboda. savaneli kacic paatas darCeboda im SemTxvevaSi, Tu daamtkicebda, rom es kaci germanoziSvilebis mier savaneTis Sovnis Semdeg iyo ayrili da loreSi wasuli. SevniSnavT, rom germanozisSvilebi yma-mamuls floben dmanisis xeobis soflebSi: WreSSi da savaneTSi, rac wina wyaroebiT ar dasturdeboda. safuZvliani Canda germanoziSvilTa sarCeli qciis xeobis sofel iragas mkvidrzec. fics `Segdebuli maTi~ aznauriSvilebiTa da `TxuTmeti maTiv msaxuriT~ unda gadaewyvita: darbazis, mTawmindisa da brutianis mTebis kuTvnilebis sakiTxia. sadavo nasoflari sarkineTi, modave mxarebs Suaze unda gaeyoT. orive mxarisTvis misaRebad gaibWo sadavo venaxis saqmec. am sabuTis Seswavlam warmodgena Segviqmna im epoqis germanozianT saTavado saxlis wevris SesaZleblobebze da mis kuTvnilebiT, mesakuTrul feodalur interesebze, qvemo qarTlis bevr kuTxeSi. modave mxareTa politikur wonaze metyvelebs (maT Soris, paatasi. z.W.) piradad rostom mefis Careva (monawileoba) sasamarTlo ganxilvaSi. `TuiT xelmwife rostomi~ 2 ganixilavda feodalTa davas. Cven zemoT aRvniSneT saerTod rostomis keTilganwyoba germanozisa da misi saxlobis mimarT. 1643 wlis orenovani wyalobis wignis Tanaxmad, rostomi germanozsa da mis Svilebs: oTar boqaulTuxucess, paatas, berisa da varazas `mraval ferad erTgulebiT TavdadebiT namsaxur ymebs~ 3 uwodebs. maTTvis adre
1 2 3

iqve. xelnawerTa instituti. Sd-794. saq. centr. saist. arqivi. 1450-14/9.

29

mkvidri soflis covreTis CamorTmevas `daunaSavebrad da Seumcdarad~ 1 miiCnevs. `samuqfod~ da sanacvlad ki somxiTSi saxaso sofels did weraqvs uboZebs. 1651 wels rostomi germanoziSvilebs `mama papis samkvidro sabaraTaSviloSi~, imave sofel covreTs da gudarexis monastris `sasaflad~, wyalobas unaxlebs. 2 germanoziSvilebic, bunebrivia, rostomis mxardamWerebi arian. paata mejinibeTuxucesi, rogorc moxele da sabaraTianos gavleniani feodali, Tavadac xSirad iRebda monawileobas qarTlel warCinebulTa sasisxlo da samamule davebis garigebebSi. 1660 wels man monawileoba miiRo zaza ciciSvilisaTvis qvemo gomSi miwebis gamoyofis saqmeSi. 3 saxlTuxucess papuna da cici ciciSvilebs Soris samamule davis garigebaSi. 4 1670 wels mefe vaxtang V-Tan, kaTalikosTan, batoniSvilebTan, maRal saeklesio ierarqiebTan, saTavado saxlebis didebul ufrosebTan da samefo karis sxva umaRles moxeleebTan erTad monawileobs yaflan baraTaSvilisa da virSeliSvilebis sasisxlo davis garigebaSi.5 igi am sabuTSi, iseve rogorc mTel rig dokumentebSi, gvxvdeba baraTaSvilis gvariT: `baraTaSvili mejinibeTuxucesi paata~. 6 paata materialurad SeZlebuli feodali Cans. igi xSirad akeTebs yma-glexebisa da mamulebis nasyidobebs, riTac afarToebs Tavis samflobeloebs. Cven vfiqrobT, rom germanozis Semdeg, rogorc pirmSo Zem, oTarma daikava saTavados ufrosoba, magram saTavados marTvis saqmeSi paatas rolic didi unda yofiliyo, gansakuTrebiT, 70-iani wlebidan, uSvilo da umemkvidro oTaris mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT. paatas qonebrivi SenaZenebi, ZiriTadad, algeTis xeovaSi dasturdeba, sadac saTavados mniSvnelovani nawili iyo ganTavsebuli. 1669 wels paatam Taya asanbegiSvilisagan xuTi dRis xodabunebi SeiZina mawevanuri xevis piras, xolo ori dRisa _ dampalwyaroSi. 7 iase baraTaSvilisagan iyida yma glexi, ZmiTa da colSviliT. 8 1679 wels algeTis xeobis sofel zasSi iyida giorgi kaxabriSvilis naqoni mamuli. 9 imave xeobis sofel tbisSi ki zaal baraTaSvilisagan SeiZina xatisa xizaniSvilis venaxis mesamedi. 10 Cvenamde moRweuli sabuTebiTac ki SeiZleba vimsjeloT, Tu ra gacxovelebul saqmianobas eweva paata, rogorc yma-mamulis Sematebis saqmeSi, agreTve feodaluri samarTalwarmoebis sxvadasxva sferoSi. igi xSirad gvxvdeba `damxdomad~ da mowmed qvemo qarTlel feodalTa sxvadasxva xasiaTis iuridiul aqtebSi. 1661 wels paata germanoziSvili mowmed gvevlineba papuna baraTaSvilisa da merab yorRanaSvilis nasyidobis wignisa. papuna baraTaSvili yorRanaSvilebze asxvisebs nasoflar zemo Savns. Cveni
1

iqve. `qarTul-sparsuli orenovani istoriuli sabuTebi~. gv. 20-23. 3 saq. centr. saist. arqivi. 1449-1053. 4 xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-972. 5 xelnawerTa instituti. Sd-534. 6 iqve. 7 xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-1880. 8 saq. centr. saist. arqivi. 1450-4/196. 9 xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-8802. 10 saq. centr. saist. arqivi. 1449-767.
2

30

yuradReba am wignma imiT miiqcia, rom zemoSavnis gamsyidveli papuna, paatas Tavis ganayofs uwodebs: `Cemi ganayofi mejinibeTuxucesi paata~ 1 -o. ase warmogvidgens papuna massa da paatas Soris arsebul naTesauri kavSiris xarisxs. am nasyidobis wignis Tanaxmadac, papuna da misi Zma qaixosro gostaSab baraTaSvilis Svilebi arian. `zemo Savni mama Cuens gostaSabs TquenTvis moeyida~, 2 _ acxadeben sabuTSi papuna da misi Zma. sruliad aSkaraa, rom papuna da qaixosro gostaSabiSvilTa saxlis wevrebi arian. Cven gvaxsovs, rom jer kidev 1523 wels guguna da qumsi gaeyarnen germanozs, gostaSabsa da maT Zmebs. anu germanozisa da gostaSabis Semdgom, paata da papuna, maTi meoTxe Taobis STamomavlebi arian. paatas didi babua germanozi da papunas didi babua gostaSabi Zmebi iyvnen, es kargad uwyis, bunebrivia, baraTaSvilTa am orive Stom da maTma wevrebma. marTalia, Cvenamde ar mouRwevia Tavad germanozisa da gostaSabis an maTi STamomavlebis gayris sabuTs, magram aseTi momxdara da paatasa da papunas `ganayofobac~ am movlenis gamoZaxilia. gavixsenoT sabuTi, romelSic paata da misi `saxlikaci~ papuna qonebas edavebodnen yaflan baraTaSvils. 3 vinaidan Cvenamde moRweul wyaroebSi paata mejinibeTuxucesis Zmad, biZad an biZaSvilad, sakuTari saxelis _ papunas mqone piri ar Cans, xolo 1661 wlis sabuTidan aSkaraa, paatas `ganayofis~ papunas gostaSabiSviloba, Cven miviCnevT, rom davis sabuTSi naxsenebi `saxlikaci~ papuna da nasyidobis wignSi naxsenebi `ganayofi~ papuna, savaaudod, erTi da igive piria. paatas axlo naTesavi (Zma, biZa, biZaSvili. z.W.), sakuTari saxeliT _ papuna sabuTebSi ar gvxvdeba. gostaSabiSvilTa zemoSavnis gasyidvis sabuTi imiTicaa saintereso, rom nasyidobis dammowmebel qvemo qarTlel TavadaznaurTa Soris, paata pirvel adgilze Cans, rac mis mdgomareobaze metyvelebs. paata mowmed gvevlineba qaixosro baraTaSvilis valisa da giravnobis sabuTisa, gacemuls imave papuna baraTaSvilisadmi. sabuTSi vkiTxulobT: `mejinibeTuxucesi paata, misi mama oTari~. 4 vfiqrobT, aq aSkara Secdomaa, paata da oTari Zmebi iyvnen da ara mama-Svili. sabuTSi `mamis~ magivrad unda iyos `Zma~. paatas XVII saukunis meore naxevarSi, kidev vxvdebiT mowmed dasaxelebuls qvemo qarTul feodalTa nasyidobis wignebSi. rac Seexeba paatas gardacvalebis TariRis dadgenas, vfiqrobT, rom is XVII saukunis 80-iani wlebis miwuruls aris savaraudebeli, ufro zustad, 1691-1692 wlamde. 1692 wlisaTvis paata germanoziSvili ukve gardacvlilia. rogorc Cans, paatasa da misi ufrosi Zmis gardacvaleba, wlebis axlo monakveTSi xdeba. rogorc viciT, g. Citaiam, gudarexis monastris warwerebisa da saflavis qvebis Seswavlisas, aRmoaCina germanoziSvilTa gvarisa da mTi ojaxis wevrebis saflavebi, Sesabamisi warwerebiT. `gudarexis saflavis qvebze Cven gvaqvs moxsenebuli

1 2 3 4

xelnawerTa xelnawerTa xelnawerTa xelnawerTa

instituti. instituti. instituti. instituti.

Hd-1375. Hd-1375. Sd-794. Hd-4156.

31

germanozianT ojaxis 9 wevri, saxeldobr: germanoziSvili paata...~ 1 _ acxadebda mecnieri. `gansasvenebelsa amas da saflavsa Sina mdebare var germanozisSvili paatas asul (sic)~, 2 _ kiTxulobs mecnieri erT-erTi saflavis qvis warweras. samwuxarod Cven am SemTxvevaSi SegviZlia vimsjeloT mxolod g. Citaias cnobebze dayrdnobiT, Tu zemoT moyvanili saflavis qvis warweraSi paata germanoziSvilis CvenTvis ucnobi asuli igulisxmeba. maSin sakiTxavia, germanozianT saxlobis 9 wevrs Soris g. Citaia ratom ar asaxelebs paatas asulis aRmoCenil saflavsac? Tu am saflavis warweraSi mainc Tavad paata germanoziSvili igulisxmeba, maSin sakiTxavia, romeli paatas saflavia es? paata I mejinibeTuxucesisa Tu misi SviliSvilis paata II gugunasZisa? Tu g. Citaias mier germanoziSvilTa saxlis 9 wevris saxelebis CamoTvlis rigiTobas gaviTvaliswinebT, maSin mecnieris mier aRmoCenili paatas saflavi paata mejinibeTuxucess unda ekuTvnodes. oTarisa da paatas Zma iyo beri germanoziSvili, romelic ZmebTan erTad sabuTebSi gvxvdeba XVII saukunis 40-50-ian wlebSi. mas Semdeg mis xsenebas veRar vxedavT da arc misi STamomavloba Cans. savaraudod, beri ukve axalgazrdobaSive gardacvlilia. berize gacilebiT cnobili piria germanozis meoTxe Svili _ varaza germanoziSvili. varaza, ufrosi Zmebisagan gansxvavebiT, Tavisi da sxvisi yma-mamulis gayidviTa da `daxarjviT~ gamoirCeva. Cven ver mivakvlieT varazas mier mamulis an ymis nasyidobis erT sabuTsac ki. Igi gacilebiT xSirad Tavis samkvidro qonebis gasxvisebiTaa dakavebuli. varazam mamuli Tavis ymasac ki gauyida, risTvisac kaTalikosma ioane X-m diasamiZem (1588-1692) (1695-1700) is SeaCvena kidec. am mZime saeklesio sasjelis moxsnisaTvis varaza iZulebuli gaxda sakaTalikososTvis sakanono gadaexada, romelic mas daedo. igi Tavis 1690 wlis mcxeTis saydrisadmi Sedgenil sabuTSi `SeCvenebulad~ ixseneba. varazam algeTis xeobis sofel ertisSi sveticxovels Seswira Tavisi `mkvidri~ yma-glexebi: gogaSvilebi da kaciaSvili. 3 varazam ymebi `dauxarja~ Sermazan da manuCar yorRanaSvilebs, ris sanacvlod maT misca: mamukaSvilebis sasaxle, marani, 7 dRis miwa, lamis xevSi _ ori dRis miwa, sionSi _ erTi dRis miwa, zvris TavSi _ erTi dRisa da kidev mamukaSvilis sami dRis miwa, maT Soris ori dRisa papisgorSi~. 4 imave Sermazan, manuCar da abaza yorRanaSvilebs varazam `dauxarja mkvidri biWebi~, ris gamoc sazRaurad iZulebuli gaxda yorRanaSvilebisaTvis mieca algeTis xeobis sof. enageTSi zvari, romelic Semdeg gaucvala maT sxva venaxebSi da oTx minalTun fulad TanxaSi. 5 varaza germanoziSvilma ratevanSi mamuli mihyida Sahyula iagulaSvils, 6 berua yorRanaSvils mamuli mihyida CiCxinaSi, masve mihyida dampalaSi Tavis miwis `erTi erTinaxevari~. 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

g. Citaia. dasax. naSromi. gv. 117. g. Citaia. dasax. naSromi. gv. 115. peterburgis aR. mc. institutis qarTul sabuTTa fondi. H-16/126. saq. centr. saist. arqivi. 1450-16/126. iqve. 1450-16/92. iqve. 1450-9/150. iqve. 1450-10/06.

32

SevniSnavT, rom varazas naqoni mamulebi ertissa da axalSenSi gadadis TurqistaniSvilebisa da baraTaSvilTa sxva ganStoebebis wevrTa xelSi. 1688 wlidan qarTlSi, taxtisaTvis atexil brZolaSi giorgi XI-sa da erekle I-s Soris, romelic iranis interesebiT iyo gaRvivebuli, varaza da misi Zmiswuli guguna paatasZe giorgi XI-is momxreebad Canan. varazasa da gugunas, savaraudod, mefe giorgi XI-is SeiaraRebul gamosvlebSic unda mieRoT monawileoba, risTvisac mefe nazarali xanma es ukanasknelni mamulebis CamorTmeviT dasaja. 1 varaza da guguna germanoziSvilebisa da maTi `ganyofis~ papuna gostaSabiSvilis mamulebi beTaniasa da zasSi (skvireTisa da algeTis xeobebi) erekle I-ma avTandil baraTaSvils uboZa. 2 sabuTebis Tanaxmad, varazas ori vaJi hyavda: luarsabi da giorgi. vidre Txrobas ganvagrZobdeT, gTavazobT germanozis, misi Svilebisa da SviliSvilebis geniologiur xes. germanozi

oTari 1692boqaulTuxucesi + mariami

paata 1689mejinibeTuxucesi

beri

varaza 1706

arseni asuli mangleli (?)

papua guguna 1708iase (iese) boqaulTmejinibeTmouravi uxucesi uxucesi 1717-17211707+ anaxanum erisTavis Svili aragvis

domenti asuli winamZRvari (?) 1727-

luarsabi

giorgi

oTarisa da paatas gardacvalebis Semdeg, jer kidev varazas sicocxleSi, darRveula germanozianT saTavado saxlis erTianoba da es ukanaskneli (varaza. z.W.) Tavis ZmiswulebTan papuasa da gugunasTan gayrila. gayris Semdgom Sedgenil ganCinebis sabuTSi, maTi davis mTavari bWe da ganmrige, somxiT-sabaraTianos sardali Tamazi ambobs: `gayraSi ra salaparako darComodaT, rom ver gaeTavebinaT, axla CvenTan ilaparakes~3-o. gayras germanozianT saxlSi, winaaRmdegobebi, warmoqmnili qonebriv niadagze ver gadauwyvetia, amitom erekle I-ma saTavado saxlis wevrebs Soris mimdinare davis garigeba Tamaz sardals ubrZana. sainteresoa, rodis
1 2 3

iqve. 1450-11/64. iqve. saq. centr. saist. arqivi. 1450-16/95. xelnawerTa instituti. Sd-5771.

33

moxda gayra? an rodis ganixila Tamaz sardalma gayris Semdgom uTanxmoebani? vinaidan gayrilan varaza da misi Zmiswulebi, cxadia, gayrisas arc oTaria cocxali da arc paata. Cven gvaxsovs, rom imave Tamaz sardalma 1692 wels ganixila oTaris meuRlis mariamisa da misi mazlis paatas Svilebis dava. am TariRisTvs oTari da paata ueWvelad gardacvlilebi arian. anu, gayris moxdenis ukidures ukana TariRad SeiZleba 1692 weli miviCnioT. gayris Semdgom davas arigeben Tamaz sardali da qarTlis mdivanbegi. 1 qarTul istoriografiaSi cnobilia, rom erekle I-ma somxiT-sabaraTianos sardali Tamaz yaflaniSvili SvilTan erTad iranSi gadasaxlda 1695-1696 wels. bunebrivia, germanozianT gayra am wlebamde, anu Tamazis iranSi gagzavnamde unda momxdariyo. aqedan gamomdinare, Cven vvaraudobT, rom germanoziSvilTa saTavado saxli pirvelad 1692-1695/96 wlebSi gaiyara. g. jamburia ratomRac miiCnevda, rom germanoziSvilTa pirveli gayra moxda XVIII saukunis dasawyisSi. `XVIII saukunis dasawyisSi xdeba germanoziSvilTa qonebis pirveli gayofa~, 2 _ werda igi. Cven naTlad avxseniT, rom Tamazis ganCinebis Tanaxmad, gayra ukve momxdara: `gayraSi rac salaparako darComnodaT~ 3 -o, _ acxadebda davis gamrige, xolo Tavad Tamazi 1695/96 wels iranSi gagzavnis Semdeg, qarTlSi cocxali arc dabrunebula. amrigad, gayrac da misi Semdgomi davis garigebac 1696 wlamde momxdara da mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom germanoziSvilTa gayofa XVIII saukunis dasawyisSi momxdara, miuRebelia. ganCinebis wigniT vigebT, rom varazas sof. tbisSi ergo sasaxle, garda gugunas aSenebuli sasaxlisa. Tu es sasaxle saZmod darCeboda, misTvis wili gugunas unda mieca, wili unda miecaT oTarisTvisac. varaza da misi Zmiswulebi guguna da papua `marabdis gauyofars mindorsa da 4 gadawyvetilebiT, am gauyofeli mamulebidan xodabunebzed irCodes~. marabdis xodabunebis ori wili papuasa da gugunas ergoT, erTi wili _ varazas. sxva miwebi samad unda gaofiliyo: `naTxovebi yofila qalaqs sasaxle~, 5 romelzedac varazas fici daedo. dauficeblobis SemTxvevaSi, TbilisSi germanozianT sasaxle papuasi da gugunasi xdeboda. aRsaniSnavia, rom germanoziSvilebi `qalaqSi~ anu TbilisSi `sasaxles~ floben. `tbiss manglelis zvarze sarClobdes. dambaraSvilma asre oTaris codva saflavze SedgmiT aikidos, rom `saZmos fasiT iyida da kidev varazas wili aqvso~. 6 oTari rom gayris Semdgom davis garigebisas ukve gardacvlilia, teqstidanac kargad Cans. xom ar iyo oTari cocxali gayrisas da gayra xom ar momxdara 1692 welze adre? miTumetes, im SemTxvevaSi, roca sasaxlis wili gugunas varazasTvis da oTarisTvisac unda mieca? vfiqrobT, gadamWreli pasuxisaTvis meti sabuTianobaa saWiro. is ki cxadia, rom gayris Semdgomi davisas oTari cocxali aRar aris. tbisis zvari ganaCeniT
1 2 3 4 5 6

xelnawerTa g. jamburia. xelnawerTa iqve. iqve. xelnawerTa

instituti. Sd-5771. `sakandidato disertacia~. gv. 9. instituti. Sd-5771.

instituti. Sd-5771.

34

saZmod daido, marabdis sami wisqvilidan, ori papuasa da erTi varazas darCa. sabuTis Tanaxmad, germanoziSvilTa yma-mamuli dasturdeba soflebSi: revaSenSi, verxnualaSi, akurisSi, koxtasa da andriaSi. romlebic sadavo sakomloebi iyo, varazasa da mis Zmiswulebs samad unda gaeyoT. germanoziSvilTa ymebad gvevlinebian: RambaraSvilebi, ZamukaSvilebi, fazaSvilebi, zazaSvilebi, ZamaSvilebi, ambaraSvilebi, maxaraSvilebi, amiraSvilebi, aRdgomelaSvilebi. 1 sabuTSi vxvdebiT varazas or Svils: luarsabsa da giorgis, agreTve mis saxlikacs _ rosebs, romlis naTesauri kavSiris xarisxis dadgena varazasTan ar xerxdeba. is, rom ganCinebis sabuTi 1692 wlisTvisaa Sedgenili, amas amyarebs da azrs gvimtkicebs erekle I-is TariRiani, 1692 wels gacemuli sigeli, varazasTvis saumcrosod qalaqSi nargebi sasaxlis damtkicebis Sesaxeb. 2 germanoziSvilTa pirvelma gayram, bunebrivia, saTavado saxlisa da misi wevrebis dasusteba gamoiwvia, rogorc materialuri kuTxiT, aseve politikuri wonis TvalsazrisiTac. rogorc viciT, saeklesio sferoSi moRvaweobda germanozis mexuTe vaJi arseni, romelmac mangleli episkoposis xarisxs miaRwia. arsen mangleli zrunavda manglisis eparqiis ekonomikuri da materialuri gajansaRebisaTvis. misi episkoposobisas, vaxtang V manglisis eklesias swiravs yma-glexebs. 3 paata germanozisZe baraTaSvilis pirmSo Svili iyo papua germanoziSvili, romelsac biZis _ oTaris msgavsad, qarTlis samefo karze boqaulTuxucesis saxelo eWira. vaxtang VI-is `dasturlamalis~ Tanaxmad, qarTlSi germanozianT gvaris warmomadgeneli boqaulTuxucesis saxeloTi aRar gvxvdeba. g. jamburias azriT, germanoziSvilebma ver SeZles TavisTvis daemagrebinaT raime saxis maRali saxelmwifo Tanamdeboba. `isini samefo karis wvril moxeleebad papuas ymaTa ricxvSi vxvdebiT maisuraZeTa gvaris rCebodnen~. 4 warmomadgenels, romelic man 1676 wels Tavad iase xerxeuliZisagan SeiZina. 5 1691 wels is iwyalebs da siTarxnis sigels aZlevs Tavis ymas _ qiti mediaSvils, romelsac mxolod mamis saxelze aRapis gadaxdasa da SeSis Camotanas akisrebs. 6 sabuTi kidev erTxel gvarwmunebs, rom 1691 wlisTvis paata mejinibeTuxucesi uve gardacvlilia. rogorc Cans, papua samoxeleo samsaxuridan gamomdinare, xSirad TbilisSi imyofeboda. mas, rogorc boqaulTuxucess, garigebuli eqneboda Tavisi jamagiri da sargo ulufa. is aRmasrulebeli aparatis moxele iyo da xSirad mouwevda sxvadasxva brZanebebis aRsruleba. boqaulTuxucesebi xSirad garkveul sasamarTlo funqciebsac iTavsebdenen. `dasturlamalSi~ `kari sasaxleebis rigSi~ vkiTxulobT, rom samefo karis ceremonialebs, xeljoxianebTan, eSikaRabaSTan, sohbaTiasaulebTan erTad boqaulTuxucesebic awesrigebdnen. `merme sxva darbaiselni rom movidnen, boqaulTuxucesman iqiT man iqiT
1 2 3 4 5 6

iqve. saq. centr. saist. arqivi. 1450-14/5. saq. centr. saist. arqivi. 1449-1825. g. jamburia. `sakandidato disertacia~. gv. 9. xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-10366. xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-1702.

35

misuli daawvevinos, aqeTma aqeT mosuli~.1 papuas Semdgom germanoziSvilebs boqaulTuxucesoba aRar aqvT. germanozianT saxlis wevrebis cxovrebis Sesaxeb mniSvnelovani cnobebia daculi 1707 wliT daTariRebul sabuTSi, romelSic germanoziSvilis ukanono SvilisTvis mamulSi wilis dadebaa aRwerili. `q. germanoziSvili papua uSvilod garaicvlila, Svili ar darCa, erTi buSi darCa~.2 maSasadame, 1707 wlisaTvis papua ukve gardacvlilia. mas memkvidred Svili ar darCenia, ujerod SeZenili buSis _ beJuas garda. saqarTvelos feodaluri xanis kanonmdeblobiT, buSi mamulis memkvidred ar iTvleboda. `dasturi saqarTveloSi buSs sawilod mamulSi xeli ara aqvs~. 3 magram papuas Zmebis: gugunasa da ieses, agreTve, rac ufro mnivnelovania, vaxtang janiSinis azriTac, `papua Tavis mamulsze da saxlSi Wirnaxuli da didad garjili kaci iyo~. 4 amitomac gadawyda, beJuasaTvis papuas mamulebidan wilis dadeba. gugunasa da ieses ebrZanaT da beJua buSs sofel mcovreTSi gamouyves _ `daudves~ 4 komli yma glexi: zubitaSvili, zaqaraSvili, iremaSvili da aslamaziSvili. 5 SemdgomSi iesem da misma Zmiswulma daTuna gugunasZem, beJuas zaqaraSvilis komli gamoarTves da nacvlad misces papanaSvilis mamuli. guguna da iese, rom gayriliyvnen kidevac, beJuasa da mis mamulTan xeli sawilod ar hqondaT, samagierod, beJuasac ekrZaleboda biZisa da biZaSvilebis garda sxvasTan wasvla _ `nuravisTan wava da nurca vis eymoba, Tund gugunasTan iyos, Tunda iesesTan am sarCoTa~ 6 _ vkiTxulobT ganCinebaSi. rogorc Cans, 1707 wlisaTvis gardacvlilia varaza germanoziSvilic. g. Citaiam gudarexis monasterSi aRmoaCina papuasi da misi meuRlis saflavebi. `boqaulTuxucesi papua da Tanamecxredma Cema aragvis erisTavis mdivanbeguRiSvilis qalma anaxanum xelvyaviT lodi ese patronisa Cvenisa saqeblad viTarca arRr...(?)du suli misi daseneblad vimuSve misiv ese saqme. vinca mobZndT Sendobas Tqvenis madlsaTs qk~s tdg g:~.7 aq yuradRebas iqcevs saflavis qvaze amokveTili gardacvalebis TariRi, romelic udris 1616 wels. TariRs, bunebrivia, kritikulad moekida g. Citaia, romelmac 1615, 1616 da 1619 wlebiT saflavis qvis daTariReba mcdarad miiCnia. `teqsti gramatikuli SecdomebiTaa savse; Cans amomWreli enis uvici yofila da SeiZleba man asoebiT aTvla rigianad ki arc icoda~. 8 amitom savsebiT safuZvlianad fiqrobs g. Citaia, rom amomWrelma qoronikonic SecdomiT amokveTa. `warweraSi moxsenebul germanozisSvilebs Cven vicnobT baraTianT sagvareulo aqtebidan~ 9 -o, askvnis mecnieri.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

`qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi~. II t. gv. 252. xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-2085. iqve. iqve. iqve. iqve. g. Citaia. dasax. naSromi. gv. 115. g. Citaia. dasax. naSromi. gv. 115. iqve. gv. 116.

36

saflavis qvis epitafiidan vigebT, rom papuas meuRle anaxanumi, mdivanbeg aragvis erisTavisSvilis Svili yofila. mdivanbegis saxelo aragvis erisTavebis saxlis wevrebs hqondaT CvenTvis saintereso XVII saukunis SuawlebSi da meore naxevarSi. erisTavisSvilebi: ediSeri, barZimi da paata swored am epoqis moRvaweebi arian da msajulTuxucesobs nacvlad, rostomis mier SemoRebul mdivanbegis saxelos atareben. Cven vfiqrobT, rom swored ediSer mdivanbegis qalia anaxanumi, romelic papuas meuRle gaxda. aragvis erisTavTa saxlTan damoyvreba, Tundac es misi gverdiTi Sto yofiliyo, germanoziSvilTa saxlis wevrisTvis, vfiqrobT mainc mniSvnelovani movlena iyo. germanozianT 9 saflavs Soris g. Citaia axsenebs: `boqaulTuxucesi papuna da misi `Tanamecxedre~ anaxanum~ 1 -is saflavebs. Cven dawvrilebiT ar ganvixilavT papuas ukanono Svilis _ beJuas (igive beJanis) STamomavlobas, romlebic, rogorc II da III xarisxis Tavadis ukanono Svilis STamomavlebi, bunebrivia, TavadiSvilebad ar iTvlebodnen da amdenad, uSualod germanozianT feodalur gvarsa da saxels ar ekuTvnodnen. aqedan gamodinare, beJuas STamomavalTa cxovreba da moRvaweoba Cveni interesis miRma rCeba. paata germanoziSvilis meore vaJia _ guguna, romelic, mamis msgavsad, mejinibeTuxucesis saxelos atarebs. am saxelos Sesaxeb vaxuSti werda: `mejinibeTuxucesi Semdgomad iwoda amilaxori. amis xelisani iyvnen yovelni mejinibeni, Sikrikni, paiWni, jiniini, huneni, jogni, remani mefisani~. 2 XVIII saukunis dasawyisSi qarTlSi `dasturlamalis~ Tanaxmad, xuTi mejinibeTuxucesi moRvaweobda da, rac sayuradReboa, xuTive saTavado saxlebis Svilebi iyvnen. maT Soris vxedavT guguna germanoziSvilsac. `xuTi mejinibeTuxucesi aris: mouraviSvili avTandili, amirejibi qaixosro, iaralaSvili roseb, germanoziSvili guguna, ratiSvili zurab~.3 gugunas sami Svili hyavda: daviT (daTuna. z.W.), paata da da omani. sainteresoa, rom guguna germanoziSvili SvilisTvisac axerxebs saxelos gadacemas. mis umcros vaJs _ omans mejinibeTuxucesis saxeloTi vxvdebiT. 1676 wels papuna (papua), guguna da iese germanoziSvilebi iese xerxeuliZisgan yiduloben `memkvidre~ ymas _ maisuraZes SvilebiTurT. nasyidobis wigns amowmeben germanoziSvilTa ymani: `erapetasSvili zurabi, oqropirisSvili papuna~. 4 vfiqrobT, rom dasaxelebuli pirebi germanoziSvilTa vasali aznaurebi arian. Cven gvaxsovs mefe nazarali xanis wyroma gugunasa da biZamisis varazas mimarT, savaraudod gamowveuli am ukanasknelTa poziciis gamo, qarTlis axal mmarTvelTan damokidebulebidan gamomdinare. mefe erekle I gugunas arTmevs erT koml yma glexs sof. zovreTSi da mas rostom baraTaSvils uwyalobebs. 5 1690 wels guguna amowmebs Tavis `SeCvenebuli~ biZis varazas Sewirulobis sigels mcxeTis

1 2 3 4 5

iqve. gv. 117. vaxuSti batoniSvili. `aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa~. gv. 21. `qarTuli simarTlis Zeglebi~. II t. gv. 315. xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-10366. saq. centr. saist. arqivi. 1448-56.

37

saydrisadmi.1 man Tavisi samkvidro mamulebidan Teqvsmeti dRis miwa mihyida berua diaraSvils. 2 guguna XVII saukunis 90-ian wlebSi xSirad gvxvdeba mowmed qvemo qarTlel TavadTa nasyidobebis wignebSi. 1691 wels Zmebi paatasSvilebi, germanoziSvilebi: papua, guguna, iase da donemti aTarxneben `erTgulsa da erTgulobisa Sigan TavmdadebiTa namsaxurs Sigan ymas mediasSvils qitias~.3 mas akisreben gardacvlili mSoblis _ paatas aRapebs da ayeneben mis `moaRaped~. agreTve anTavisufleben yvela samsaxuridan `qalaqs SeSis mitanis meti~. 4 zemoTac aRvniSneT, rom rogorc Cans, germanoziSvilTa saxlis wevrebs xangrZlivi droiT uwevdaT TbilisSi cxovreba. sainteresoa, rom guguna Cans 1708 wlis qaixosro baraTaSvilis mier sionis taZrisadmi (eklesiisadmi. z.W.) gacemul nasyidobis wignSi. wigns amowmebs ocdaaTamde qvemo qarTleli Tavadi da warCinebuli. sigels mesame amowmebs guguna, merved _ misi Zma iese germanoziSvili, xolo ocdameored _ maTi biZaSvili luarsabi, romelic mamis saxelis mixedviT, luarsab varazasSvilis gvariT gvxvdeba. 5 savaraudod, guguna 1708 wlis Semdeg axlo xanaSia gardacvlili. XVII saukunis meore naxevrisa da XVIII saukunis pirveli meoTxedis germanoziSvilTa gvarSi gamorCeuli moRvawea papuasa da gugunas Zma iase anu iese paatasZe germanoziSvili. iese giorgi XI-isa da misi ojaxis keTilganwyobiT sargeblobs. giorgi XI-m mas algeTis xeobis sofel tbisSi uwyaloba abulfaTisSvilis naqoni mamuli: venaxi, xevgadaRma kaxiaSvilis venaxiTurT, gamanauramde. 6 1688 wels ieses mimarT wyalobis sigels gascemen giorgi XI-is Zmebi: levan da luarsab batoniSvilebi, qaixosro da vaxtang levanisZeni: `TrialeTisa da tamalis da yoSa-vemris mouraobas daguajeniT. Cuenca vismineT aja da moxseneba Tqveni da giboZeT, viTac Zvelidganac Tqveni yofiliyo da axlac iseve giboZeT yovlis kacisagan ucilebdan. TrialeTis axalqalaqisa, tamalisa da yoSa-gemris mouraoba~ 7 -o. maSasadame, iese 1688 wlidan TrialeTis axalqalaqis, tamalisa da yoSa-gemris mouravi xdeba. wyalobis sigelSi yuradRebas ipyrobs mmarTveli bagrationTa dinastiis wevrTa sityvebi: `viTac Zvelidganac Tqveni yofila~ 8 -o, rac migvaniSnebs, rom aRniSnuli mxaris mouravoba adrec germanoziSvilTa xelSi yofila. Cvnamde moaRwia 1676 wliT daTariRebulma vaxtang V-is Svilebis: giorgisa da levanis mier gacemulma wyalobis sigelma, Sedgenilma `qsnis erisTavis saxlisa Zisa manglel mTavar-episkopozisa evdemozisaTa~. 9 e. TayaiSvilis mosazrebiT, sigeli baraTaSvilTa saxlis wevrzea gacemuli, `magram romel baraTaSvils eZleva es sigeli, ara sCans. mimcemi sigelisa aris mefe
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

peterburgis aR. mc. institutis qarTuli sabuTebis fondi. H-13-15. saq. centr. saist. arqivi. 1450-53/212. xelnawerTa instituti. Sd-549. iqve. saq. centr. saist. arqivi. fondi #972. xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-8810. e. TayaiSvili. `saqarTvelos siZveleni~. II t. tfilisi. 1909 w. gv. 104. iqve. gv. 104. e. TayaiSvili. `saqarTvelos siZveleni~. I t. gv. 115-117.

38

giorgi XI, anu Sahnavaz II~. 1 nawyalobeb pirs jer vanqis mamuli uboZes, romelic misi `samkvidro~ yofila (gavixsenoT, rom germanoziSvilebi somxiTSi sof. vanqSi, jer kidev XVI saukunidan flobdnen yma-mamuls. z.W.), magram SayulaSvils sWeria, Semdeg daumtkices TrialeTis axalqalaqisa da tamalis mouravoba. `axalqalaqi da tamalia saxelod gviboZebia, esec asre gagiTavles, araodes ar mogeSalos~ 2 -o, _ acxadeben baraTaSvilze wyalobis gamcemni. am wyalobidan mxolod 12 weli gavida, rac igive saxelo daumtkices ieses. sinteresoa, 1676 wlis wyaloba baraTianT germanoziSvilTa Stos romelime wevrze xom ar iyo gacemuli? SevniSnavT, rom Tavis saxlikacebis _ varazasa da gugunasgan gansxvavebiT, iesem moaxerxa qarTlis axal mmarTvel erekle I-Tan urTierTobis damyareba. 1689 wels, anu misive mmarTvelobis pirvelive wels, erekle I wyalobis saxiT uaxlebs iase germanoziSvils TrialeTis soflebis mouravobis saxelos. `CvenTa erTgulTa da namsaxurTa ymaTa germanoziSvils mejinibeTuxucesis paatas Svils iases~ giboZeT TrialeTis axalqalaqis da tamaliis mouravoba, `vinaTgan ZvelTTganac Tqven gqonebodaT~ 3 -o, acxadebs mefe. iases finansuri mdgomareoba, iseve rogorc germanozianT gvaris sxva wevrebisa, xSirad ver aris saxarbielo. papuam da iesem evaneziSvilisagan isesxa ori Tumani, romelic gadauxdelobisa da sargeblis mimatebis Semdeg 6 Tumnamde gazrdila. 4 1689 wels iase guguna qavTariSvilisagan algeTis pirze yidulobs venaxs. 5 germanoziSvilTa saxlis wevrebs, maT Soris Zmebs: gugunas, iasesa da domentis vxvdebiT yandaarSi gardacvlili vaxuSti orbelianis sulis, qarTlSi `gadamburavTa~ nusxaSi. 1707 wels Sedgenili siis Tanaxmad, vaxuStisaTvis gadauxuravs: #84 _ `q. germanoziSvilma domentim azazi v.~ #94 _ `q. guguna germanoziSvilma CiniCabani a.~ #95 _ `q. iase germanoziSvilma Savi zufi a.~ #114 _ `q. varazas rZalma SalyuTni a.~6 imave gadasaburavebidan nivTebi daurigdaT saeklesio pirebs. `nusxa imis, Tu visTvis daurigebiaT vaxuSti orbelianisadmi gadaburvili nivTebi~, 7 mecameted vxvdebiT iases momdevno Zmas _ domentis: `q. germanoziSvils domentis _ papunas naburvili a; aSrafi~. 8 1693 wels iase da misi Zmiswuli daTuna germanoziSvilebi, qalibi jafarasagan valad iReben erT Tuman TeTrs da valis gadauxdelobamde `TveSi ori kodi puri~-s micemas kisruloben. es valis Tamasuqi vinme domentis mier aris dawerili da ar aris gamoricxuli, rom sabuTis Semdgeni _ iases Zma domenti germanoziSvili iyos. Cven ukve meored vawydebiT, savaraudod tfilisel
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

iqve. gv. 116-117. iqve. xelnawerTa instituti. Sd-549. xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-15089. xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-2770. e. TayaiSvili. `saqarTvelos siZveleni~. II t. gv. 268-272. iqve. gv. 272-273. iqve.

39

moqalaqeebisagan, iasesa da misi naTesavebis mier fulis sesxebas, rac maT sust finansur mdgomareobaze metyvelebs. iasesa da sxva germanoziSvilTa Sesaxeb sayuradRebo cnobebs vawydebiT 1749 wlis ganCinebis sabuTSi, romelic exeba ieses vaJis oTarisa da zaal yorRanaSvilis davas ymamamulis Taobaze. `amas winaT sulkurTxeulis vaxtangis batonobaSi germanoziSvili iese da misi Zmiswuli daTuna gayriliyvnen da batons gasamyrelo aeRo~, 1 _ vkiTxulobT sabuTSi. anu vaxtang VI-is mmarTvelobisas momxdara germanozianT meore gayra, amjerad paatas STamomavlebs: biZa-Zmiswul iesesa da daTunas Soris. 1749 wlis sabuTSi aRwerili movlenis sinamdviles adasturebs 1714 wlis vaxtang VI-is meuRlis _ dedofal rusudanisa da misi Svilebis: baqar da giorgi batoniSvilebis wyalobis sigeli, gacemuli iese da oTar iesesZe germanoziSvilebis mimarT. qarTlis samefo ojaxi, germanoziSvilebs `erTgulTa da TavdadebiT mravalgvaraT namsaxurs~ ymaT eZaxis da maT algeTis xeobis sofel enageTSi ubrunebs gayris dros `gasamyrelad~ arTmeul eqvsi komli ymaglexidan sam komls: berisSvils, mamuCiSvilsa da osisSvils. 2 dokumentebidan naTlad Cans, rom iese da misi Zmiswuli an 1714 welsve gayrilan, an 1714 wlamde, oRond vaxtangis mmarTvelobaSi. gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom ieses biZebi: oTari da varaza, Zmebi: papua da guguna, `sadedoflo dasturlamalis~ Tanaxmad, somxiT-sabaraTianoSi sadedoflo Tavadebs warmoadgendnen da qarTlis dedofalTan garkveul vasalur damokidebulebaSi imyofebodnen. saTavado saxlis wevrebs Segnebuli hqondaT, rom gayrebi asustebda maT, amitom iSviaTad, magram mainc hqondaT mcdelobebi, gayofili qonebis gaerTianebisa. kerZod, 1717 wels germanoziSvilTa mxridan aris mcdeloba gayrili saxlis kvlav erTad Seyrisa. miuxedavad simcirisa, feodalur saqarTveloSi adgili hqonda `Seyrilobis~ movlenasac. 1717 wels daTuna da paata gugunasZe germanoziSvilebi `Zmobis wigns~ aZleven biZas _ ieses da mis Svilebs: oTarsa da germanozs: `gayrilni viyaviT da isev ZmaT SeviyareniT~ 3 -o. sabuTis Tanaxmad, germanoziSvilebma mTlianad gaaerTianes yma-mamuli, `nasyidisa da usyidisa~ _ yvela `gagvierTebia~-o, acxadeben isini. `rac erTobaSi SevimatoT, saerTo iyos, rac dagvekargos, isic saerTo iyos~, 4 _ vkiTxulobT sabuTSi. germanoziSvilebi pirobas deben, rom vidre isini cocxlebi iqnebodnen, ar gaiyrebodnen, xolo Tu maTi SviliSvilebi gaiyrebodnen, gayra rigis mixedviT unda momxdariyo, ufross _ saufroso unda aeRo, umcross ki _ saumcroso. Zmiswulebi biZas saTavado saxlis ufrosobas anebeben da pirobas aZleven, rom mis ukiTxavad arc mamuls gascemen anu gaasxviseben, arc kacs `daarebeven~ da arc msaxurs gamoiyvanen. `Tu puri da Rvino gardagurCes, saerToT movixmaroT, an mamuli viqrTamoT,

1 2 3 4

xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-6722. saq. muz. nd #3052. xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-8378. iqve.

40

an viyidoT, yvela saerTo iyos~-o. 1 aRsaniSnavia, rom Seyris Semdgom germanoziSvilebi mamulebis Sematebazec fiqroben. `gadarCenili~ purRvinodan saxlis ufross _ ieses ori wili ergeboda, xolo mesamedi _ mis Zmiswulebs: daTunasa da paatas. `Tu puri da Rvino dagvakldes, saerToT aiRe da mamulidam mieci~, 2 _ ucxadeben isini biZas. daTunasa da paatas vali hqoniaT 20 Tumani. maTi es valic Seyris Semdeg saerTod unda gamxdariyo. germanoziSvilebi `Zmobis wigns~ pirobas dadebiTa d ficiT amtkiceben: `vinc amaSi umtyunos da es piroba gatexos, Tavad iyos RvTis Semcode da merme qarTvelis batonisa~ 3 -o.- acxadeben TavadisSvilebi. am movlenas yuradReba miaqcia g. jamburiam, romelic werda: `viciT, rom 1717 wlisaTvis germanozianT saxlis ufrosi yofila iese germanoziSvili~. 4 Seyrilobis Sedegad saTavado saxlSi ufrosad dadginebuli iese germanoziSvili meore xarisxis Tavadad iTvleboda, xolo saTavados umcrosi wevrebi, TavadisSvilebi _ mesame xarisxis Tavadebad. germanozianT saTavado did Zlier senieriad ver Camoyalibda, xolo saTavado saxlis ufrosebi didebul Tavadebad ver iqcnen. iase (iese) germanoziSvils hyavda sami vaJi: oTari, germanozi da Tamazi. vfiqrobT, iese 1717-1721 wlebs Soris aris gardacvlili; 1721 wlis somxiT-sabaraTianos aRweraSic iese aRar Cans. man gvaris sxva warmomadgenlebis TanxmobiT moaxerxa gayrili da daSlili saTavados kvlav Seyra da gaerTianeba, rac sabolood mainc mxolod droebiTi movlena aRmoCnda. papuas, gugunasa da ieses momevno Zma _ domenti germanoziSvili saeklesio moRvawed gvevlineba. domenti berad aRkvecila, xolo Semdgom mas winamZRvris xarisxSi vxedavT ayvanils. 1692 wels igi `erT arekls~ venaxs yidulobs tbisSi usubegiSvilisagan. mamulis mimcemni Semdegi saxiT mimarTaven mas: `nasyidobis wigni da piri mogeciT Cven ... Tqven germanoziSvils bers winamZRvars domentis~.5 domentis domentis nayidi venaxi, romelic misi `samkvidroc~ yofila, SemdgomSi mas papuna gostaSabiSvilisTvis miuyidia. domenti, rogorc Cans, qvemo qarTlis samwysoebSi moRvaweobda, XVIII saukunis 20-30-iani wlebiT SeiZleba davaTariRoT aslanisa da misi Svilebis mier micemuli batonymobis wigni amildabar da sxva gostaSabiSvilebis mimarT, romelSic wignis gamcemi aslani domenti germanoziSvils mowmed da `Tavis moZRvrad~ asaxelebs. domenti mowmed saxeldeba 1727 wels, kaTalikos domenti batoniSvilis mier gacemul wignSi _ mRvdel iese tlaSaZisadmi. 6 domenti gudarexis monastris winamZRvari iyo da didi amagic miuZRvoda sagvareulo taZris aRdgena-gamSvenierebis saqmeSi, rac saTanadod daufasebiaT misi gvaris wevrebs. igi gudarexis monasterSi daukrZalavT. `aqve, amave saflavis gverdiT damarxula gudarexis monastris meored gamkeTebeli winamZRvari domenti, romelic gamoqandakebulia saflavis qvaze da romelsac uTariRo
1 2 3 4 5 6

xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-8378. iqve. iqve. g. jamburia. `qarTuli feodaluri urTierTobis istoriidan~. gv. 57-58. xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-1707. T. Jordania. `qronikebi~. III wigni. Tbilisi. 1967 w. gv. 113-114.

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warwera aqvs~.1 domenti savaraudod gardacvlilia 1727 wlis Semdgom axlo xanebSi. vidre papua, guguna da iese paatasZebis STamomavlobas SevexebiT, gvinda mimovixiloT maTi biZaSvilebis luarsab da giorgi varazasZe germanoziSvilebis mdgomareoba. varazas Svilebs rame saxelmwifo samoxeleo Tanamdeboba ar uWiravT, isini saTavados saxlis umcrosi wevrebi arian. luarsabs vxvdebiT XVII saukunis miwurulsa da XVIII saukunis I naxevris sabuTebSi. xSirad luarsabi ixseneba sabuTebSi mamasTan, biZebTan da biZaSvilebTan erTad. gvaxsovs, rom rodesac varazam ymebi `dauxarja~ yorRaniSvilebs, maT mefe erekle I-Tan iCivles. varazam da misma Svilebma sasamarTlo garCeva wamgebianad CaTvales da `iq aRar wavidnen~, adgilze Seariges isini momCivnebTan sxva yorRanaSvilebma. varaza da luarsabi iZulebuli gaxdnen dazaralebulebisaTvis sazRaurad vrceli mamulebi gadaecaT.2 vfiqrobdiT, rom 1721 wlis aRweris gaTvaliswinebiT, gangvexila germanozianT mTeli saTavados mdgomareoba, rasac bunebrivia mainc SevexebiT, magram vinaidan ar gvsurs saTavado saxlis wevrebze rigobiTi msjelobis darRveva, amitom dawvrilebiT vimsjelebT luarsabis mflobelobaze, 1721 wlis aRweris davTaris mixedviT. 1721 wlis somxiTsabaraTianos mewinave sadroSos aRweraSi vxvdebiT germanoziSvilTa saTavado saxlis sami wevris mflobelobis aRweras. maT Soris gaxlavT luarsab varazasZe germanoziSvili, romelic dokumentSi varazaSvilis gvariT aris Setanili. aRweris Tanaxmad, luarsabi somxiT-sabaraTianos 12 sofelSi flobda 22 koml yma-glexsa da 5 boganos. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom luarsabis yma-mamulSi igulisxmebodes misi Zmis giorgis qonebac, romelic aRweraSi calke naxsenebi ar aris. luarsabis ZiriTadi qoneba algeTis xeobaSi dasturdeba. is ymebs flobda soflebSi: tbisSi, abeliaSi, gudarexSi, mcovreTSi, cxvrisSi, zasSi, verxvnalaSi da marabdaSi; skvireTSi _ akurissa da kveseTSi; yarabulaxSi _ sxalnarSi. 3 TvalSisacemia boganoTa SedarebiT didi ricxvi. luarsab germanoziSvils ar hyavs vasali aznaurebi, rac yma-glexTa arcTu did raodenobasTan erTad, germanozianTa am Stos qonebrivi mdgomareobis dakninebis maCvenebelia. TrialeTSi luarsabi yma-mamuls flobda sofel babiaSi. 1732 wels luarsab germanoziSvili da misi Svili giorgi, nasyidobis wigns aZleven mariam revazisasul yaflaniSvilsa da mis Svilebs, romlis Tanaxmadac, am ukanasknelze asxviseben `abelias SamaSvilis mamuli buziariT~. 4 aRniSnul nasyidobas amowmeben luarsabis mxridan misi biZaSvilebi: `pata (paata. z.W.) da oTari da germanoz~. 5 luarsabi 1736 wlis Semdgom sabuTebSi ar Cans, vfiqrobT, is 1736 wels an am wlis Semdgom axlo xanebSi gardacvlila. luarsabs hyavda meuRle TinaTin xerxeuliZe da Svili giorgi
g. Citaia. dasax. naSromi. gv. 117. saq. centr. saist. arqivi. 1450-16/126. 3 e. TayaiSvili. `masalebi saq. statistikuris aRwerilobisa meTvramete saukuneSi~. Tbilisi. 1907 w. gv. 135-138. 4 saq. centr. saist. arqivi. 1450-16/126. 5 iqve.
2 1

42

germanoziSvili. naklebad Cans dokumentebSi luarsabis Zma giorgi varazasZe germanoziSvili, romelic XVII saukunis 90-ian wlebSi gvxvdeba sabuTebSi, saxlikacebTan erTad. mas Semdgom misi xseneba wydeba, ar gvaqvs cnobebi arc misi STamomavlobis Sesaxeb. CvenSi garkveuli mosazreba dabada g. Citaias mier gudarexis monasterSi vinme giorgi `karzasSvilis~ saflavis aRmoCenam. saflavis qvaze ikiTxeba Semdegi xasiaTis warwera: `q. saflavs am mdeba re var gvmi karzas: Sv li giorgi~.1 gansvenebul g. Citaias aRweris Tanaxmad, aRniSnuli saflavis qva warmoadgens bazaltis Tlil qvas. warwera Sesrulebuli yofila mxedruliT, qvaze amokveTili warwera uTariRoa, gvari `karzasSvili~ baraTaSvilTa arc erT ganStoebaSi ar gvxvdeba. arc mamis saxelis gaTvaliswinebiT nawarmoebi amgvari gvaris mqone pirze ar gvaqvs araviTari cnobebi. marTalia, `karzasSvili~ fonetikur siaxloves avlens baraTaSvilianT `kanWaSvilis~ gvarTan, Tumca kanWaSvilebi yovel mxriv Sors dganan germanozianT saxlTan da gudarexis monasterTanac. ibadeba kiTxva, xom ara aqvs daSvebuli warweris amomkveTs Secdoma, rogorc calkeul sxva SemTxvevebSi da `v~-s nacvlad xom ar miiRo `k~? ismeva kiTxva: `giorgi karzasSvilis~ saflavi xom ar aris varazas Svilis, kerZod _ giorgi varazaSvilis saflavi? varazas STamomavalTa genilogiuri xe ase gvesaxeba: varaza 1706-1707-

luarsabi 1736 + TinaTin xerxeuliZe

giorgi

giorgi giorgi luarsabisZe germanoziSvili XVIII saukunis Sua wlebSi cxovrobs. masze an mis STamomavlobaze cnobebi ar gvaqvs. savaraudod, germanozianT es Sto giorgize wydeba. germanoziSvilTa Semdgomi Taobis warmomadgenlebi arian ZmaTa Svilebi: daviTi (daTuna), paata da oman gugunasZeni, agreTve iasesZeni: oTar, germanoz da Tamaz. 1721 wlis aRwerSi
1

g. Citaia. dasax. naSromi. gv. 115.

43

luarsab varazasZes garda vxvdebiT daTuna gugunasZes. daTunas somxiTsabaraTianos 22 sofelSi ekuTvnoda 47 komli yma da 14 bogano. 1 daTunas ZiriTadi yma-mamuli algeTis xeobaSia moqceuli, xolo mis ymaTa yvelaze meti raodenoba soflebSi: enageTsa da covreTSi dasturdeba. daTuna ymamamuls flobda: algeTis xeobis soflebSi: enageTSi, tbisSi, gudarexSi, covreTSi, cxvrisSi, zaSi, koiaSi, verxvnalaSi, marabdasa da sabudarSi; qciis xeobis soflebSi: abelia, mZovreTSi, TafanSi, anoriaSi; dmanisis xeobaSi: ergenTalaSi, TrialeTSi, koxtasa da babiaSi; skvireTis xeobaSi: akurisSi; yarabulaxSi: sxalnarsa da revaSenSi. 2 daTunas hyavda vasali aznaurebic. misi aznauria algeTis xeobis sofel mcovreTSi mcxovrebi beJua, romlis gvaric aRweris davTarSi aRniSnuli ar aris. beJua uymo aznauria. amgvaradve hyavs igi aRniSnuli iase lorTqifaniZes da Seyvanili hyavs damokidebul uymo aznaurTa jgufSi. `mebatoneTa Soris igini ase nawildebian: algeTSi _ germanoziSvili daTunasi...~. 3 qciis xeobis sof. abeliaSi daTunas yma aznauri iyo zurab namoraZe. namoraZec uymo vasali aznauria. masac damokidebul uymo aznaurTa jgufSi aTavsebs iase lorTqifaniZe. `qciaSi germanoziSvili daTunasi...~, 4 _ wers mecnieri, gulisxmobs ra zurab namoraZes. luarsab varazasZesTan SedarebiT, daTunas ojaxi gacilebiT met yma-mamuls flobs da materialuradac meti SesaZleblobebi gaaCnia. aRsaniSnavia, rom mas yma-aznaurebic hyavs. iese paatasZis gardacvalebis Semdgom, ufrosobis gaTvaliswinebiT, saTavado saxlis ufrosad, savaraudod, daTuna gugunasZe germanoziSvilia. 1720 wels is amowmebs falavanxosroSvilTa da ioTamiSvilTa nasyidobis wigns. 5 1725 wels daTuna mowmed gvevlineba faremuzaSvilTa da gostaSabiSvilTa nasyidobis wignSi. am sabuTs amowmeben: `germanozisSvili daTuna, paata da oTari~. 6 1727 wels Zmebi daTuna da paata, wyalobis saxiT, revandaSvilebs umtkiceben mama-papiT naboZeb imarindoSvilis venaxs. 7 1728 wels daTuna mowmea yaflaniSvilebisa da TayaSvil-baraTaSvilebsa Soris dadebuli nasyidobis wignisa. 8 iase lorTqifaniZe 1736 wlisaTvis daTunas ukve gardacvlilad miiCnevs. `daTuna germanoziSvili 1736 wels gardacvlilad sCans, radgan mamuls yidian misi Svilebi: papua da guguna, paatas Zmiswulebi~. 9 ar SeiZleba ar daveTanxmoT mecnieris dakvirvebas. daTuna gudarexis monasterSi daukrZalavT. daTunas saflavi domenti germanoziSvilis saflavis gverdiTaa. g. Citaias mier gudarexis monasterSi aRmoCenil iqna daTunasi da misi meuRlis _ Tamar saamisSvilis saflavebi.

1 2 3 4
5

6 7 8 9

e. TayaiSvili. dasax. naSromi. gv. 132-135. iqve. gv. 132-135. iase lorTqifaniZe. `qvemo qarTli~. III t. gv. 254. iqve. gv. 254. xelnawerTa instituti. hd-9423. e. TayaiSvili. `saqarTvelos siZveleni~. I t. gv. 85-86. e. TayaiSvili. `saqarTvelos siZveleni~. II t. gv. 340. saq. centr. saist. arqivi. fondi #2/112. iase lorTqifaniZe. `qvemo qarTli~. III nawili. gv. 334.

44

daTunas meuRle yofila Tamar baraTaSvil-saamisSvili. Tamaris saflavis qvaze amokveTili yofila Semdegi xasiaTis warwera: `moixsene ufali mona RmTisa samis... qali daTunas coli Tamari~.1 sainteresoa, rom daTunas Tavad sofel gudarexSic hyolia yma-glexebi: lazarSvilebi da TefSiSvilebi. 2 daTunasa da Tamars hyavdaT sami vaJi: papua, osmani da guguna. daTunas umcros Zma iyo paata gugunasZe germanozisSvili. is xSirad gvxvdeba XVIII saukunis I naxevris qvemo qarTlSi Sedgenil sxvadasxva xasiaTis sabuTebSi. 1724 wels paata amowmebs xanaSvilisa da gostaSabiSvilTa nasyidobis sigels. 3 imave wels igi `mowame~ da damxdomia mariam manuCarisasul qavTariSvilisa da 4 gostaSabiSvilTa nasyidobis wignisa. 1733 wels paata amowmebs erasti TaqalToianisa da qaixosro TayaSvilis gacvlilobis sabuTs. 5 1730 wels paata mowmedaa dasaxelebuli zazunaSvilebis nasyidobis wignSi.6 1736 wels wels paata amowmebs usubegiSvilisa da gostaSabiSvilis nasyidobis wigns.7 wigns. 7 amave wels paata mowmea solaRaSvilebisa da SanSe qsnis erisTavis nasyidobis wignisa. 8 1736 welsve paata amowmebs giorgi iese I-is Zis nasyidobis sabuTs, gacemuls elizbar orbelianisadmi. 9 XVIII saukunis 20iani wlebidan qarTlis samefoSi ganviTarebulma movlenebma, kerZod, jer Sina feodalurma omebma, Semdeg ki `osmalobam~ da `yizilbaSobam~, qarTlSi mefis institutis moSlis gaTvaliswinebiT, mkveTrad uaryofiTad imoqmeda qveynis politikur da ekonomikur mdgomareobaze. qveyanaSi viTarebis gauareseba, bunebrivia, dauyovnebliv aisaxa saTavadoTa cxovrebazec. gamudmebulma Semosevebma da Sina aSlilobam gamoiwvia mosaxleobis ricxvis Semcireba, rasac mohyva meurnebis dacema da saerTo materialuri fonis mkveTri gauareseba. aRniSnulma viTarebam kidev ufro daasusta sabaraTaSvilos, xSir SemTxvevaSi, isedac susti saTavadoebi. XVIII saukunis 90-iani wlebidan mkveTrad mcirdeba germanozianT mflobelobis raodenoba da ricxvi, ramac mTeli XVIII saukunis ganmavlobaSi Seuqcevadi xasiaTi miiRo. 1737 wels paata germanoziSvili, qciis xeobis sof. TafanSi yidis mkvidr ymas, 1737 wels algeTis xeobis sof. enageTSi yidis mkvidr mamuls. 1736 wels mTlianad `xelierTpir~ germanoziSvilebi skvireTis xeobis sof. akursSi gostaSabiSvilebze asxviseben or koml ymas _ mediaSvilebs, maTis wyliTa, wisqviliTa, venaxiTa, saxnav-saTesiTa, mTiTa, bariTa, Sesaval-gasavliTa da yovlis samarTlianis samZRuriTa~. 10 qoneba da yma-mamuli, romlebsac
1 2 3 4 5 6

g. Citaia. dasax. naSromi. gv. 117. `1721 aRwera~. e. TayaiSvili. dasax. naSromi. gv. 132-135. e. TayaiSvili. `saqarTvelos siZveleni~. I t. gv. 84.

e. TayaiSvili. `saqarTvelos siZveleni~. I t. gv. 88. iqve. II t. gv. 365. 7 e. TayaiSvili. `saqarTvelos siZveleni~. I t. gv. 89. 8 saq. centr. saist. arqivi. fondi #2194. 9 T. Jordania. `qronikebi~. III wigni. Tbilisi. 1967 w. gv. 113-114. 10 xelnawerTa instituti. hd-10.206 (saq. muz.)

45

germanoziSvilebi yidian, saerTo qonebaa, amitomac mis gasxvisebaSi TiTqmis mTeli saTavado saxlis yvela wevri iRebs monawileobas. aRsaniSnavia is garemoebac, rom nasyidobac maTi iniciativiT xdeba. mkvidri ymebis gayidva, rogorc Cans, aucilebeli materialuri saWiroebiT iyo ganpirobebuli. vinaidan nasyidobis sabuTSi sakvlevi gvaris erTbaSad 12 warmomadgenels vxvdebiT, aucileblad migvaCnia, wignis teqstis nawilis gadmocema: `nasyidobis wigni da sigeli dagiwereT da mogeciT Cven, germanoziSvilebma sul xelierTpir paatam, Svilma Cemma qaixosrom, oman da oTar, Zmis wulma Cemma papuam da gugunam, biZaSvilma Cemma oTarma, misma Svilma iasem, nikoloz da ioanem, Zmaman misman germanoz, Svilman misman merab...~ 1 Tu davakvirdebiT, varazas STamomavlobis garda, sabuTSi germanozianT marTlac yvela Stos warmomadgenels vxedavT. savaraudod, paatas ufrosi Zma daTuna sigelis gacemisas cocxali aRar aris. rogorc Cans, saTavados sakiTxebi mas Semdeg, mis momdevno Zmas _ paatas ekiTxeboda. savaraudod, saxlis ufrosic is aris. 1737 wels paata amowmebs reviSvilebsa da orbeliSvilebs Soris dadebul mamulis nasyidobis sabuTs. 2 1738 wels paata mowmea Tavis saxlikacebisa da gostaSabisSvilTa nasyidobis wignisa. 3 imave wels mowmed gvxvdeba solaRaSvilebis mier mewvrilmane afriamasTvis micemul udaobis sabuTSi. 4 1742 wels paata germanoziSvili mowmed gvevlineba manuCar TulaSvilis mier `saqarTvelos veqil~ qaixosro orbelianisTvis micemul nasyidobis wignisa. imave sabuTs amowmebs papua daTunasZe germanoziSvili, romelic uzbaSis (asisTavis) saxeloTi Cans Semdgomi xanis sxva sabuTebSi `q. me germanozisSvili papua Zmis mowame var~. 5 mis beWedze ikiTxeba: `mon R~a baraTeli papua~. 6 1742 welsvea Sedgenili yifianiSvilebisa da TayaSvilis nasyidobis wigni, romelsac agreTve amowmeben paata da misi Zmiswuli papua daTunasZe germanoziSvilebi. iase lorTqifaniZe paatas 1752 wels gardacvlilad miiCnevs. `1752 w. gardacvlilad sCans, radgan oTari ieseSvils edaveboda mxolod daTunasSvilebi papuna da guguna~. 7 vfiqrobT, rom paata gacilebiT adre _ 1746 wlisTvis ukve gardacvlili unda iyos. mefe Teimuraz II-is 1746 wlis ganCinebaSi manuCar ciciSvilisa da qaixosro germanoziSvilis sarCelTan dakavSirebiT, qaixosros mama _ paata sabuTSi warsul droSi ixseneba. misi moqmedeba aRwerialia wina xanaSi, xolo sadavo sakiTxis specifikidan da xasiaTidan gamomdinare, paata im dros cocxali rom yofiliyo, ganCinebaSi, es movlena an Sesabamis asaxvas hpovebda, an is iqneboda ganxiluli modave mxared da ara misi Svili qaixosro. amitom vfiqrobT, paata 1746 wlisTvis ukve gardacvlilia. paata gugunasZe germanoziSvils hyavda sami vaJi: qaixosro, oman da oTari.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

xelnawerTa instituti. hd-10.206 (saq. muz.) saq. muz. #1241 sd. saq. muz. #10032 hd. saq. centr. saist. arqivi. fondi #226. #4360. saq. centr. saist. arqivi. #2929. iqve. iase lorTqifaniZe. `qvemo qarTli~. III nawili. gv. 334.

46

daTuna da paata gugunaZeebis Zmaa _ oman germanoziSvili. g. Citaias cnobiT, gudarexis monasterSi dasaflavebuli yofila `mejinibeTuxucesi da yaenis musibi omani~. 1 germanoziSvilTa gvarSi am sakuTari saxelis mqone mxolod ori piria cnobili: oman gugunasZe da oman paatasZe germanoziSvilebi. oman paatasZe XVIII saukunis II naxevris moRvawea da mas mejinibeTuxucesis saxeloTi ver vxedavT, xolo oman paatasZis germanozoSvilis biZa _ oman gugunasZe germanoziSvili vfiqrobT flobda amave saxelos, miTumetes, roca misi mama - gugunac mejinibeTuxucesi iyo. amitom vfiqrobT, rom g. Citaias mier gudarexSi aRmoCenili omanis saflavi daTunasa da paatas umcros Zmas _ omans gugunasZe germanoziSvils ekuTvnis. vidre ganvagrZobT Txrobasa da msjelobas, SemogTavazebT guguna paatasZe germanoziSvilis STamomavlobis geniologiur xes.

guguna mejinibeTuxucesi -1708-

daTuna + -1736Tamar saamisSvili

paata -1746-

omani mejinibeTuxucesi

papua uzbaSi

osmani

guguna

qaixosro

omani

oTari

guguna -1738-

vidre SevexebodeT daTuna, paata da oman gugunasZeebis STamomavalTa cxovrebasa da moRvaweobas, ganvixiloT maTi biZaSvilebis: oTar, germanoz da Tamaz iesesZe germanoziSvilebis Stos mdgomareoba. Cven vvaraudobT, rom iese paatasZe gardacvlilia 1717-1721 wlebSi. 1717 wlis germanozianT saxlis Seyris Semdgom sabuTebSi iese aRar Cans, xolo 1721 wlis somxiTsabaraTianos aRweraSi ukve mamis nacvlad Svils _ oTars vxedavT. ase rom, iese 1721 wlamde gardacvlila. swored mamis gardacvalebis Semdeg unda mieRo mis pirmSo Zes oTars mamiseuli saxelo _ TrialeTSi saxaso soflebis mouravoba. vaxtang VI da misi saxloba iesesa da misi Svilebis mimarT keTilganwyobas amJRavnebda. Cven zemoT gamovTqviT mosazreba, rom ieses gardacvalebis Semdgom, saTavados ufrosoba, ufrosobis rigis mixedviT, daTuna da Semdeg paata gugunasZeTa xelSi unda gadasuliyo.
1

g. Citaia. dasax. naSromi. gv. 117.

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Tumca gamomdinare oTaris moRvaweobidan, germanozianT saxlis cxovrebaSi arc mas unda Seesrulebina umniSvnelo roli. luarsab varazasZesTan da daTuna gugunasZesTan erTad, 1721 wlis sadroSos aRweraSi, germanoziSvilTagan mxolod oTar iesesZea Seyvanili. mas somxiTsabaraTianos 18 sofelSi ekuTvnoda 27 komli yma-glexi, 5 bogano da 1 aznauri. vfiqrobT, aq misi Zmebis: germanozisa da Tamazis qonebacaa nagulisxmevi. oTari yma-mamuls flobda algeTis xeobis soflebSi: enageTSi, tbisSi, gudarexSi, covreTSi, sabuzarSi, zasSi, koiaSi, verxvnalasa da marabdaSi; qciis xeobis soflebSi: abeliasa da andriaSi; skvireTSi: akurisSi; TrialeTSi: babiasa da koxtaSi; yarabulaxSi: revaSensa da sxalnarSi; agreTve dmanisSi. algeTis xeobis sofel verxvnalSi oTaris yma aznauri iyo _ Tamaz oqropiriSvili. misi saxlikacis daTunas vasali aznaurebisagan gansxvavebiT, oqropiriSvili memamule aznauri iyo. oTarisa da misi Zmebis, misi ojaxis mflobelobis aRweriT, Cven vxedavT ieses Stos arasaxarbieulo ekonomikur mdgomareobas. kidev erTxel sagangebod SevniSnavT boganoTa sakmao did ricxvs oTaris mflobelobaSi. g. jamburias gamoTvliT, 1721 wlis somxiT-sabaraTianos aRweris Tanaxmad, germanoziSvilebs qvemo qarTlis 24 sofelSi hyavdaT 117 komli yma-glexi da 2 komli yma-aznauri. 1 iase lorTqifaniZis mosazrebiT ki germanoziSvilTa mflobeloba sul `ganisazRvreboda 120 komliT~. 2 mecnieri adarebda 1721 wlis germanozianT yma-mamulis raodenobas, 1543 wlis gayris wignSi aRweril fariSatisa da giorgis mflobelobas da werda: `germanoziSvilTa mflobeloba zogierT sofelSi gadidebula da 4 axal sofelSi ymebic SeuZeniaT, magierad 14 sofelSi da nasoflarSi mflobeloba srulad daukargavT~. 3 Cven zemoT SevexeT oTaris mier TrialeTis saxaso soflebis mouravobis, mamiseuli saxelos miRebis savaraudo dros. sakiTxis gadawyvetaSi gvexmareba XVIII saukunis I naxevris Tamaz milaxorbaSis arza, Sedgenili qarTlis mmarTvel baqar vaxtangisZisadmi. sabuTi SesaZlebelia baqaris mmarTvelobis wlebiT - 17171719 daTariRdes. `mere ama mogaxsenebT bedniers xelmwifesa. Tqueni wyaloba mamaCems axalqalaqi da tamalia samouraod eWiraT. Tqvenc mogexsenebaT, Tu ra xania rom is soflebi imaT uWiravs da axla waurTmeviaT sadme~.4 Tamaz milaxorbaSi iTxovs `mowyaleba uyaviT sabralo im Cems Zmebsa, rom TavianT naqoni saxlo isev uboZoT~. 5 vaxtang VI oqmiT mimarTavs Tavis Zes baqars Sah-navaz II-s: q. Svilo batono, mefe Sahnavaz! merme am germanoziSvilebs rac am arzaSi eweros, isev uboZeT, namsaxurni kacni arian~. 6 vaxtang VI-is oqm-brZanebulebidan vigebT, rom Tamaz milaxorbaSi germanozianT saxlis wevria. misi saTxovari arziT irkveva, rom mamamiss, amave samefo ojaxis nawyalobebi TrialeTis
1 2 3 4 5 6

g. jamburia. `sakandidato disertacia~. gv. 9. iase lorTqifaniZe. `qvemo qarTli~. III nawili. gv. 422. iqve. gv. 423. xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-6602. iqve. iqve.

48

soflebis mouraoba sWeria. Ggvaxsovs, rom 1688 wels giorgi XI-is saxlobam es Tanamdeboba iese paatasZe germanoziSvils uboZa. zemod aRniSnulidan gamomdinare gvebadeba mosazreba, rom Tamaz milaxorbaSi ieses Zea da mamiseul saxelos boZebas Tavis `sabralo~ ZmebisTvis iTxovs. rogorc Cans, saxaso soflebis mouravoba ieses Semdeg pirdapir misi Svilis xelSi ar gadasula, is sxvebs _ `imaT uWiravs~-o, _ acxadebs Tamaz germanoziSvili. arzis Sinaarsisa da xasiaTidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Tamaz germanoziSvili samefo karis moxelea `milaxorbaSis~ TanamdebobiT, igi sasaxleSi saqmianobs da amitomac swored is iTxovs ufrosi ZmebisTvis mamiseuli saxelos boZebas. aRsaniSnavia, rom vaxtang VI, Zmebs germanoziSvilebs `namsaxur kacebad~ moixseniebs da Svils ubrZanebs, ise gaarigos saxelos Txovnis saqme, rogorc arzaSia miTiTebuli. 1 swored am mimoweris Semdeg unda mieRo oTars Tavisi winaprebis samkvidro saxelo, TrialeTis saxaso soflebis mouravoba. `germanoziSvili oTari, Ze iasesi, mama nikolozisa, mebatone cxovrobda algeTSi~. 2 ase axasiaTebs mokled oTars iase lorTqifaniZe. oTari, misi Zma germanozi da maTi Svilebi sakmaod xSirad gvxvdebian XVIII saukunis I naxevrisa da Sua wlebis dokumentebSi. 1730 wels oTari amowmebs aleqsandre gurielisa da vaxtang orbelianis nasyidobis sabuTs~. 3 XVIII saukunis 20-20-iani wlebiT SeiZleba daTariRdes xosrua gvelisSvilis pirobis wigni, Zmebis: oTarisa da germanozis mimarT gacemuli, romelSic gvelisSvili acxadebs: `Tqven rom wyalobis wigni miboZeT, Tu ar momatyuneT, Tqvens meti batoni ar mindodes, arca vis veymo, arc Cemi samkvidro mamuli mindodes~ 4 -o. rogorc Cans, gvelisSvili garkveuli pirobis miRebis Semdeg Sesula germanoziSvilebTan batonymur damokidebulebaSi. 1736 wlis germanozianT nasyidobis sabuTis Tanaxmad, vxedavT oTars, mis sam vaJs: iases, nikolozsa da ioanes, agreTve mis Zmas germanozs da am ukanasknelis Zes _ merabs. 5 germanozi mowmea 1732 wliT daTariRebuli zazunaSvilebisa da yaflaniSvilebis nasyidobis wignisa. 6 1738 wels oTari da misi Svilebi: iese da nikolozi gostaSabiSvilebze asxviseben yma-mamuls, qciis xeobis sof. abeliaSi. germanoziSvilebi sigelSi aRniSnaven, rom nasyidoba maTi ukiduresi `daWirvebisagan~ aris gamowveuli. `ase rom dameWira da Cemis daWirvebisaTvis mogyide Cemi samkvidro baraTis yma abelias darbaiseli erapetasSvili, iqiv WixuasSvilis mamuli~. 7 `darbaiseli~ erapetasSvili germanozianT gauyidiaT mTeli misi qonebiTa da mamuliT. oTarisa da misi Svilebis nasyidobis sabuTs amowmeben sxva germanoziSvilebic: oTaris Zma _ germanozi, maTive biZaSvili paata, agreTve papua daTunasZe da guguna

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-6602. iase lorTqifaniZe. `qvemo qarTli~. III nawili. gv. 334. e. TayaiSvili. `saqarTvelos siZveleni~. II t. gv. 354-355. saq. muzeumi. #7547 hd. xelnawerTa instituti. hd-10.206 (saq. muz.) e. TayaiSvili. `saqarTvelos siZveleni~. II t. gv. 366. saq. muzeumi. #10032 hd.

49

omanisZe germanoziSvilebi.1 guguna omanisZe Cven mejinibeTuxuces da `yaenis `yaenis musib~ - omanis Svili gvgonia. 1741 wlis nasyidobis sabuTis Tanaxmad vigebT, rom giorgi yarabudaxisSvils da `paatas~, oTar germanozisSvilisgan marabdaSi misi wili mamuli SeuZeniaT, romelic mogvianebiT husein-beg batoniSvilisaTvis miuyidiaT. husein-begs, Tavis mxriv, germanozianT marabdis mamuli, isev germanoziSvilebze gausxvisebia. `q. yarabudaxiSvilis giorgis rom germanozisSvilisagan marabdis mamuli eyida da Cven batonisSvilna husein-begma giorgi yarabudaRiSvilisagan viyide, rac gveyida germanoziSvils gugunasa da Zmasa Sensa papuas~. 2 _ mogyideTo, acxadebs husein-beg batonisSvili. Cveni dakvirvebis Tanaxmad, arsebiTad, es am epoqis erTaderTi dokumentia, romlis Tanaxmadac, germanozianT mamuli isev maTi saxlis wevrebis xelSi gadadis. guguna da papua daTunasZeni husein-begisgan SeZenil mamuls 60 Tumnis safasurSi kvlav Zvel mepatrones _ oTars anebeben. movlenebs win odnav gavuswrebT da aRvniSnavT, rom saxlikacebSi, oTar iesesZesa da meore mxriv, Zmebs: guguna da papua daTunasZeebs Soris, dava marabdis mamulebis kuTvnilebisTvis, Semdgom wlebSic gagrZelebula. 1752 wlis qarTlis mefis Teimuraz II -is ganCinebaSi aRwerilia oTarisa da sxva germanoziSvilebis moqmedeba marabdis mamulebTan mimarTebaSi. oTars `Tavisi wili mamuli marabdas~, 3 paata germanoziSvilisaTvis da yarabudaRiSvilisaTvis mieyida. aRsaniSnavia, rom paatasTvis SeZenili qoneba `osmalobas~ waerTva. paatam, bunebrivia, mamulze daxarjuli Tanxa ukanve moiTxova, magram oTars saxsari ar armoaCnda. an rogor aRmoaCndeboda, roca samkvidro qonebas, `osmalobisagan~ gamomdinare, TviTonac TanxisTvis yidda. man TeTris ar qonis gamo paatas Tamasuqi da nasyidobis sabuTi misca. arzis am nawilidanac naTlad Cans XVIII saukunis 20-30-ian wlebSi germanoziSvilTa saxlis Svilebis savalalo materialuri mdgomareoba, romelic vfiqrobT, mTlianobaSi, arc qvemo qarTlis sxva saTavado saxlTa wevrebisaTvis ar unda yofiliyo ucxo da gamonaklisi. amave sabuTiT vigebT, rom saerTo viTarebisa da mdgomareobidan gamomdinare, oTari saerTod wasula qveynidan. `avi dros bediT oTar sxvagan wasuliyo~, 4 _ vkiTxulobT ganCinebaSi. marabdis mamulebi huseinbegma SeiZina, romelmac nasyidoba, Tavis mxriv, guguna da papua daTunasZeebze gaasxvisa. qveyanaSi dabrunebis Semdeg oTari, rogorc Cans, cdilobs dafantuli yma-mamulis Semokrebas, gabneuli saymos Tavmoyras da amitomac saCivriT mefis sasamarTlos mimarTavs. ganCinebis sabuTSi, sasamarTlo da davis gamrigeni aRniSnaven, rom `oTars TeTri gamovarTviT, papuasa da gugunas miveciT da is mamuli oTars darCa~-o. 5 `mimebara me ismail-begs Cemi Talabisagan oTaris germanoziSvilis xeliT Teqvsmeti

1 2 3 4 5

iqve. saq. muzeumi. #8573 hd. xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-8436. iqve. iqve.

50

Tumani da ori minalTuni da aTi Sauri~. 1 sabuTs amowmebs paata germanoziSvili. papua daTunasZe Tanxis miRebas, oTars da mis Zes nikolozs xelmoweriT udasturebs da ubrunebs mas Tamasuqisa da nasyidobis sabuTebs, gacemuls `osmalobisas~ oTarisve xeli. bunebrivia, oTari da misi Ze nikolozi ibruneben marabdis mamulebsac. sayuradRebo cnobebs vawydebiT oTarisa da misi ojaxis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb 1747 da 1749 wlis sabuTebSic. 1747 wels Cveni azriT, Tbiliseli moqalaqe `qiSiianT giguasSvili qitesa,~ nasyidobis sabuTs aZlevs oTar germanoziSvilsa da mis Zes nikolozs. sigelidan irkveva, rom oTarsa da mis biZaSvils (Zmas? z.W.) germanozs, vaxtang VI-is mmarTvelobaSi qitesas mamisgan saxli SeeZina. rogorc Cans, germanozianT saxli TbilisSi SeuZeniaT. Cven adrec aRvniSneT, rom germanoziSvilTa saxlis wevrebs, romlebic samoxeleo samsaxurSi msaxurobdnen, xSirad mouwevdaT `qalaqSi~ yofna. bunebrivia, maT cxovrebisaTvis `sasaxlec~ dasWirdebodaT da `saxlebic~. O;osmalobisas, germanoziSvilTa mier SeZenili saxli osmalebs dauqceviaT sxva saxlebTan erTad. `merme urumobaSi gareTubani daaqcies da is Tqveni saxlic daiqca~, 2 _ acxadebs qitesa. vxedavT, rom osmalebs Tbilisis erTi gareTa ubani saerTod gaunadgurebiaT, sadac germanozianT saxlic moyolila. radganac oTari da nikolozi Seedavnen qitesas, isic iZulebuli gaxda germanoziSvilebi nasyidobaze xelaxla daeyoliebina. aRniSnuli procesisaTvis dedofalsac Seuwyvia xeli: `batonis dedoflis brZanebiT rac SemeZlo meve xeli gibrune~-o, _ ambobs qitesa giuasSvili. germanozianT saTavados saxlis wevrebisa da zogadad, im epoqis somxiT-sabaraTianos EwarCinebulTa mdgomareobas gvixatavs 1747 wlis saCivris arza oTar germanoziSvilisa, mirTmeuli Teimuraz II-sadmi. `moexseneba xelmwifes, rom qveyana aiyara da daikarga. mec aviyare da uriebSi gadavel. axla Tqvens bedniers dovlaTs movmarTe da aqav geaxel~,3 _ wers oTari. `qveynis ayra da dakargva~ osmalobis, yizilbaSobisa da Semdeg daRestneli feodalebis gamudmebuli TavdasxmebiT iyo gamowveuli. am SemTxvevaSi, oTari baraTianT sxva saxlebis wevrebisgan gansxvavebulad ar moqmedebda. isini, iseve rogorc oTari, iZulebuli xdebodnen `ayriliyvnen~ da TavSesafari an qveynis SigniT an qveynis gareT eZebnaT. mamulisagan mocilebuli oTaris qoneba mis saxlikacebsa da revaz orbelians dauWeriaT. oTari mefis brZanebas, `oqms~ iTxovs, raTa `Cemi mamulebi meve damanebon~ 4 -o. Teimuraz II iTvaliswinebs qvemo qarTleli TavadiSvilis saCivris samarTlianobas da revaz sardals ubrZanebs: `merme visac am germanozisSvilis oTaris wili mamuli eWiros, isev Tavis patrons oTars daanebon~5-o. sayuradRebo cnobebs vawydebiT germanoziSvilebze 1749 1749 wlis ganCinebis sabuTSi, romelic oTaris, misi ojaxis wevrebisa da
1 iqve. 2 3 4 5

xelnawerTa instituti. Q1-719. iqve. iqve.

51

zaal yirRanaSvilis davas exeba. Cven am sabuTs zemoT SevexeT, germanozianT meore gayraze msjelobisas, romelic `amas winaT 1 sulkurTxeulis vaxtangis batonobaSi~ momxdara. gvaxsovs, rom dedofalma dedofalma da misma Svilebma germanoziSvilebs: ieses, mis Zes oTarsa da Zmiswuls daTunas gasamyrelod `arTmeuli~ eqvsi komli yma-glexidan sami ukanve daubrunes, magram 1714 wlisa da 1749 wlis sabuTebSi dabrunebuli glexebis gvarebi erTmaneTs ar emTxveva. 1749 wlis sabuTSi vxedavT germanozianT ymebs: mamukaSvils, zedelaSvilsa da xartiaSvils, 1714 wels naxsenebi berisSvilis, mamuCisSvilisa da osisSvilis nacvlad. aRsaniSnavia, rom jer kidev 1714 wels `gasamyrelod~ arTmeuli da Semdeg ukanve nawyalobebi yma-glexebisaTvis, iesesa da mis saxlobas batonebisTvis feSqaSi unda mierTva, glexebis wyaloba unda `eqrTamebina~, _ vkiTxulobT sabuTSi. magram ieses qarTlis mmarTvelTa Sesaferisi saCuqari, feSqaSi ar aRmoaCnda, amitom Tavisive rZlis _ oTaris meuRlis mziTviT usargeblia, feSqaSi rZlis saqonelidan SeurCevia da is miurTmevia batonebisaTvis. `Tavisi feSqaSi rom ar qoneboda~, `Tavisi rZlis oTaris jalabisaTvis ziTvis saqoneli gamoerTmia da es glexebi~ 2 amiT `eqrTamebina~, raTa `batonis wigni rom aeRo wyalobisa~ 3 -o. mmarTvelTa wyalobis sabuTis asaRebad garkveuli qrTamis gadaxda yofila aucilebeli, rasac `feSqeSis~ saxe hqonia. Ieses, rZlis saqonlis daxarjvis gamo, sabuTSi glexebis mflobelobis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, Tavisi ufrosi Svilis oTaris saxeli Cauweria. XVIII saukunis 40-50-iani wlebis dokumentebSi, romelic oTar iesesZes exeba, xSiradaa saubari mis qveynidan waslvaze. amave 1749 wlis ganCinebaSi vkiTxulobT: `axla osmalus dros, rom saqme 4 gasWirveboda, oTari saaTabagoSi gadavardniliyo~. anu qarTlSi `osmalobisas~ oTars, gamahmadianebuli, magram mainc qarTuli da SedarebiT mSvidi kuTxisTvis Seufarebia Tavi. Tu 1749 wlis sabuTSi aRweril mdgomareobas 1752 wlis sigelebis aRwerilobasac davurTavT, `mere osmalobas mamuli waerTmiaT~, 5 an `mere avis dros bediT oTar sxvagan wasuliyo~ 6 -o, advilad warmovidgenT mflobeli feodalis dakninebul mdgomareobas. Tu aseT viTarebaSi vardeboda TavadisSvili, advili warmosadgenila, mis mier mitovebuli misive saymos mdgomareoba da dabali fenebis yofa. Cven Segnebulad dawvrilebiT vexebiT germanozianT saxlis am wevris yofa - cxovrebas, vinaidan es mdgomareoba arc bevri sxva qvemo qarTleli feodalisaTvis iyo ucxo da gamonaklisi. Tu oTaris sabuTebs verwmunebiT, mas qveynis gareT yofna gamodis, sakmaod xangrZlivad mouwia. is wlebis gasvlis Semdeg brundeba qveyanaSi. oTaris axalcixis safaSoSi gadaxvewis Semdeg qarTlSi, mamulSi misi Zma germanozi darCenila. `oTar saaTabagoSi gadavardniliyo da aq
1 2 3 4 5 6

xelnawerTa xelnawerTa iqve. iqve. xelnawerTa xelnawerTa

instituti. Hd-6722. instituti. Hd-7662.

instituti. Hd-8436. instituti. Hd-6772.

52

darComiliyo~. 1 Zmis aryofnis pirobebSi, savaraudod saxelmwifo gadasaxadebisa da osmalTa mier dawesebuli valdebulebebisgan Seviwroebulma, materialurad dasustebulma germanozma, yma-mamulis gayidvas mihyo xeli. man enageTSi sami komli yma-glexi yorRanaSvilebs mihyida da Sesabamisi nasyidobis sabuTic misca. qveyanaSi dabrunebulma oTarma, romelsac aRniSnul moqmedebaSi monawileoba ar miuRia da ymamamulic mis ukiTxavad gausxvises, nasyidoba mefis sasamarTloSi gaasaCivra. Teimuraz II-is ganCinebis Tanaxmad, `radgan oTaris jalabis ziTvis saqonliT iyo naqrTami da arc wignSi gamaewera, es enageTs sami glexi iseve samarTliT oTars darCa da amasve uboZeo~,2 _ brZanebs mefe. am sabuTSi yuradRebas iqcevs kidev erTi garemoeba. miuxedavad mZime materialuri da ekonomikuri viTarebisa, germanozianT saTavado 1717 wlis `Seyrilobis~ Semdgom, kvlav erTiani erTeulia da gauyreli saTavadoa. Teimuraz II-is ganaCeniT, yorRanaSvilebisaTvis danaxarji Tanxa da maT mier gancdili ziani an oTaris unda aenazRaurebina, an `saerTos gauyofaris mamulidam~ germanozis kerZo mamuli unda miecaT da yorRanaSvilebi imiT SeejerebinaT. 3 gTavazobT iese mouravis STamomavlobis geniologiur xes.

iese (iase) -1717axalqalaqis mouravi

oTari axalqalaqis mouravi -1752-

germanoz -1749-

Tamaz milaxorbaSi

iase (iese)

nikolozi

ioane

giorgi

merab -1736-1738-

Cvenamde moRweulia 1749 wlis qarTlis dedofal anaxanumis brZaneba, gacemuli oTar germanozisSvilisadmi, romliTac `egrisebSi, CamZvralas da
1 2 3

iqve. xelnawerTa instituti. Hd -6772. iqve.

53

qciis Wandars Cvens saxasoSi visaca Wirnaxuli edgas _ puri Tu qeri, fetvi Tu ram feri, yvelaze samarTlianis saqmiT~, Rali `saCvenoT~, sadedoflod aRebas ubrZanebs. 1 aqve anaxanumi afrTxilebs oTars: `Zalasa da usamarTlos nuravis uzam~ 2 -o. rTuli saTqmelia, Tu romeli oTar germanoziSvilia brZanebis mimRebi: oTar iesesZe Tu guguna mejinibeTuxucesis SviliSvili _ oTar paatasZe. Tumca erTi ki danamdvilebiT SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom germanoziSvilebi qarTlis dedoflis mimarT garkveul vasalur damokidebulebaSi imyofebian da anaxanumis brZanebac amaze metyvelebs. oTar germanoziSvili mowmed gvevlineba 1748 wlis zurabisSvilisa da jandierisSvilis nasyidobis wignisa. 3 iese paatasZis STamomavlobis mdgomareobis ganxilvasTan erTad, Tvali gavadevnoT da SevexoT guguna paatasZis STamomavlobis yofas. ieses Stos wevrebis mdgomareobis Seswavlam dagvanaxa, rom XVIII saukunis Sua wlebSi am saxlis TavadiSvilebis materialuri mdgomareoba ganuxrelad ecema, msgavsi viTarebaa gugunas StoSic. germanozianT saTavado dasustebuli, Semcirebuli, daSlis gzas adgas. xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi Tavadi Tu TavadiSvilebi dakavebuli arian mamulebis gayidviT, valebis aRebiT, qonebis dagiravebiT. Zalze iSviaTad SeiZleba Segvxvdes sabuTi, romliTac esa Tu is germanoziSvili iZens qonebas, an cdilobs arsebulis SenarCunebas. isini, ZiriTadad, asxviseben yma-mamuls. marTalia, calkeul SemTxvevebSi vawydebiT (oTaris moqmedeba), dafantuli mflobelobis Tavmoyris mcdelobebs, magram es calkeuli SemTxvevbia da win ver aRudgeba saTavados daSlis gzas. samarTlianoba moiTxovs aRiniSnos, rom gare viTarebamac gadamwyveti roli iTamaSa sagermanoziSvilos, iseve rogorc, baraTianT bevri sxva saTavados daSladakninebaSi. am sakiTxs Cven qvemoTac SevexebiT. guguna mejinibeTuxucesis SviliSvilebi: papua, osman da guguna daTunasZeni; qaixosro, oman da oTar paatasZeni da guguna omanisZe germanoziSvilebi xSirad gvxvdebian XVIII saukunis Sua wlebis sabuTebSi. 1729 wels `germanozisSvili gugunasSvili paata~ da misi Svilebi: omani da qaixosro, qciis xeobis sofel TafanSi ciciSvilebze asxviseben tavelaSvilis mamuls.4 1732 wels daTunas Svilebi: papua da osmani yma-mamuls yidian qaixosro orbeliSvilze da mis Svilebze. `ase rome vali memarTa bevri da es ymebi da mamulic giraod mqonda~ 5 -o _ acxadeben germanoziSvilebi. daTunas Svilebi imdenad mZime mdgomareobaSi aRmoCenilan, rom maTi qoneba dagiravebuli yofila. vfiqrobT, sabuTSi daculi germanoziSvilTa finansuri mdgomareobis aRwera sayuradRebo da mravalmaniSnebeli cnobaa, germanoziSvilTa am ojaxis, materialurekonomiuri viTarebis SeswavlisTvis. am viTarebidan da valebisgan Tavis daRwevis mizniT, TavadiSvilebi yidian `samkuidro~ ymebs: kaxiSvils, erapetaSvilsa da geraZes, mTeli maTi qonebiTa da sakomlo mamulebiT. es
1 2 3 4 5

saq. muzeumi. #2475 hd. iqve. saq. muzeumi. #1596 hd. e. TayaiSvili. `saqarTvelos siZveleni~. II t. gv. 353. saq. muzeumi. #2449 hd.

54

nasyidoba exeba qciis xeobis sofel abeliaSi mcxovreb germanozianT ymebs. nasyidobidan aRebuli fuladi TanxiT, papuam da osmanma dagiravebuli mamulebi daixsnes. `zogi TeTriT eseni davixseniT da zogiT sxva mamulebiT~,1 _ acxadeben isini. rogorc vxedavT, Seqmnili mZime ekonomikuri mdgomareobidan gamosavals, germanoziSvilebi mflobelobis gasxvisebaSi xedaven, rac maT saTavados asustebs da akninebs. am nasyidobis sabuTs amowmebs papuasi da osmanis biZa _ paata, romlis beWedzec ikiTxeba: `q. mona RuTisa paata~. 2 1732 wlis Semdgom sabuTebSi papuas Zmas osmans veRar vxvdebiT. ar Cans is arc 1736 wlis sabuTSic, sadac `xelierTpir~ sagvareulos TiTqmis yvela zrdasruli wevria naxsenebi. vfiqrobT, osmani 1732-1736 wlebSi ukve gardacvlilia. 1733 wliT daTariRebul sabuTSi vkiTxulobT Semdegs: `Cven baaman da germanoz da papuam, rome ocdaTormeti fluri aq mimaboroT. da Tamasuqi davixsnaT da sxva rac darCes, zianic da sargebelic erTi iyos~. 3 papua _ papua daTunasZea, germanozic eWvs gareSe germanoziSvilTa saxlis wevria, magram is germanoz iesesZea Tu sxva germanozi, gaurkvevelia. miuxedavad musulmanuri warmoSobis saxelisa, kiTxvebs badebs baamanis pirovneba da sadauroba. gavixsenoT, rom Tavad papuas Zmasac osmani erqva, magram, bunebrivia, isic germanoziSvili iyo. 1738 wels paata germanoziSvili da misi Svilebi: qaixosro da omani asxviseben Tavisive biZaSvil _ oTarisagan SeZenil marabdis kerZs, ibragim-begsa da mis vaJ bairamze. 4 1736 wels mowmed vxedavT paata germanoziSvils, giorgi iese I-is Zisa da elizbar orbelianis nasyidobis wignSi. 5 1736 wels guguna germanoziSvili mowmed gvevlineba usufbegiSvilisa da gostaSabiSvilis nasyidobis sabuTSi. 6 vinaidan am xanSi vxedavT: guguna da daTunasZes da mis biZaSvils _ guguna omanisZes, Tu romeli maTgania nasyidobis sabuTSi, rTuli gasarkvevia. guguna daTunasZe mowmea 1740 wels berua daviTaSvilisa da zaza TarxniSvils Soris dadebul nasyidobis sabuTisa.7 1741 wels Zmebi: Zmebi: papua da guguna germanoziSvilebi amowmeben zurabisSvilebisa da orbelianis nasyidobis wigns. 8 1741 wels papua da guguna, husein-beg batoniSvilisagan yiduloben oTaris wil marabdis mamuls, romelsac Sesabamisi fasis aRebis Semdeg kvlav oTars anebeben. 9 papuasa da gugunas biZaSvilebi arian: qaixosro, oman da oTar paatasZeni. maT raime samoxeleo Tanamdeboba ar uWiravT. maTac xSirad vxvdebiT XVIII saukunis Sua wlebis sxvadasxva iuridiuli Zalis sabuTebSi. 1742 wels oman da oTar germanoziSvilebma sof. enageTSi yma-mamuli miyides erisTavis nazirs giorgis: `...ase, rom dameWira da movel da mogyide Cemi alali yma, kacTagan
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

iqve. iqve. xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-7283. e. TayaiSvili. `saqarTvelos siZveleni~. II t. gv. 390-391. T. Jordania. `qronikebi~. III wigni. Tbilisi. 1967 w. gv. 113-114. e. TayaiSvili. `saqarTvelos siZveleni~. I t. gv. 89. saq. muzeumi. #13. 674 hd. saq. centr. arqivi. fondi #1315. saq. muzeumi. #8573 hd.

55

ucilvebeli da sigel-SeuSleli ustaSvili enageli beJana da Svili misi nazara da rostoma, aruTina Tavisi xizniT~. 1 sabuTs amowmebs papua germanoziSvili. omani da oTari, papuas biZaSvilad ixsenieben: `biZaSvili Cemi papua~, 2 _ vkiTxulobT sabuTSi. anu omani da oTari paatasZeebi, papuas biZaSvilebi arian. bunebrivia, isinic materialuri saWiroebidan gamomdinare, elevian `alal~ ymas, mis sam Svilsa da maTs xiznebs. 1743 wels papua mowmea iese savinaSvilis mier Tavis Zmiswul rostomisadmi micemuli nasyidobis sabuTisa. 3 1743 wels papuas Zma guguna amowmebs gostaSabiSvilTa da anuka batoniSvilis nasyidobis sabuTs. 4 1746 wels guguna mowmed gvevlineba saamiSvilebisa da orbelianebis nasyidobis wignisa. 5 1745 wels gostaSabiSvilebisa da aslaniSvilebis nasyidobis sabuTis mowmea papua, romlic uzbaSis (asisTavis) samxedro6 administraciuli TanamdebobiT vxedavT. savaraudod, papuas uzbaSis saxelo swored 1745 wels an mis axlo wlebSi unda hqondes miRebuli. 1745 wels papua uzbaSi amowmebs qazumas mier micemul nasyidobis sabuTs, qarTlis mefe Teimuraz II-sadmi. `q. me germanozisSvili uzbaSi papua amis mowame var~7 _ acxadebs is. `mna RTsa papua~8 _ ikiTxeba papuas beWedze. 1748 1748 wels papua da oTar germanoziSvilebi amowmeben revaz zurabisSvilis mier micemul nasyidobis wigns jandier jandieriSvilisadmi. 9 1749 wels guguna daTunasZe da qaixosro paatasZe germanoziSvilebi mowmeebad gvevlinebian, SanSe erisTavis meuRle anaxanumisa da mis Zma da Zmiswuls Soris dadebul mamulis danebebis wignisa. 10 1746 wels Zmebi: guguna da papua uzbaSi amowmeben gostaSabiSvilebisa da ColayaSvilebis nasyidobis sabuTs. 11 1751 wels guguna mowmea ioTamiSvilebisa da TaqTaqiZeTa nasyidobis wignisa. 12 1743 wels saginaSvilTa nasyidobis sabuTs amowmebs qaixosro germanoziSvili. 13 qaixosro paatasZe germanoziSvils dava hqonda manuCar ciciSvilTan mamulebis Taobaze. dava ganixila Teimuraz II-m da misma sasamarTlom. sabuTis Tanaxmad, vaxtang VI-is `batonobaSi~ qaixosros mama _ paata germanoziSvili yaflaniSvilebs qciis xeobis sofel TafanSi somanaSvilebis mamulze Sedaveboda da vaxtang VI-is gadawyvetilebiT aRniSnuli mamulebi mas `daeWira~. 14 paatam osmanaSvilis mamuli SemdgomSi manuCar ciciSvils miyida. vinaidan nasyidobis sabuTebi yaflanianTac
1

saq. muzeumi. #1181 hd. iqve. 3 saq. centr. arqivi. fondi #2917. 4 e. TayaiSvili. `saqarTvelos siZveleni~. I t. gv. 92. 5 saq. centr. arqivi. fondi #20.26. 6 e. TayaiSvili. `saqarTvelos siZveleni~. I t. gv. 92-93. 7 saq. centr. arqivi. fondi 1450. davTari 20. sabuTi #15. 8 iqve. 9 saq. muzeumi. #1748 hd. 10 e. TayaiSvili. `saqarTvelos siZveleni~. I t. gv. 93. 11 saq. muzeumi. #1748 hd. 12 xelnawerTa instituti. f. Hd-13133. 13 saq. centr. arqivi. f. #2920. 14 xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-7224.
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gaaCndaT, isini gamudmebul davas awarmoebdnen axal mebatone manuCar ciciSvilTan. manuCarma paatas vaJs qaixosros Tanxis dabruneba mosTxova: `mama Senma sadavo mamuli momyidao. me sadao mamuli ar minda, rac fasi giWiravT mameci da Seni ici da yaflanisSvilma yaflanmao~. 1 qaixosrom, rogorc Cans, Tanxis uqonlobis gamo mamulis daxsna ver SeZlo, amitom mefisa da sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT, yaflanma manuCars eqvsi Tumani gadauxada da sadavo sakomloc mas darCa. 2 sainteresoa, rom papua germanoziSvilis xsenebas vawydebiT 1793-1795 wlebSi yaflaniSvilTa mier Sedgenil saCivris arzaSi erekle II-sadmi. papua XVIII saukunis 30-40-iani wlebis ambebTan dakavSirebiT aris naxsenebi. papuas revaz sardalTan daqvemdebarebaSi myof moxeled vxedavT: `...maSinve papua germanozisSvili gaistumra, alixan sardals miswera~, 3 _ vkiTxulobT arzaSi. revaz sardals papua weriliT qarTlis yizilbaS xanTan gaugzavnia. papua germanoziSvils kargad icnobs iese msajulic. is Tavis istoriuli xasiaTis avtobiografiul SromaSi `cxovreba-anderZi~, papuas ixsenebs 1763 wlis ambebTan dakavSirebiT. `papua germanozisSvili marabdas hyidda da eqvs Tumnad me viyav Serigebuli, imas velaparakebodiT~, 4 _ wers iese msajuli. marabdis SeZena germanoziSvilisgan ieses ar urCia manuCar solaRaSvilma: `im jojxeTSi mamulis yidvas rogor bedam, me SenTvis momcro erisToba mindao~.5 vfiqrobT, algeTis xeobis sofeli marabda XVIII XVIII saukunis 60-ian wlebSi `jojxeTad~ lekTa ganuwyvetelma, mZarcvelurma Semosevebma da TareSma aqcia, romelmac mTlianad somxiTsabaraTianos saTavadoebs, uaryofiTad gamousworebeli da aunazRaurebeli vneba, Sedegebi moutana. ieses manuCaris sityvebi sarwmunod eCvena da papuas marabdis yidvaze uari SeuTvala: `TeTri veRar viSove, vis ginda~ miyideo. 6 aq gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom manuCari Tavad asyidebda Tavis mamulebs ieses da papuas mamulis gayidva Tavis muStarze xels ar aZlevda, magram miuxedavad amisa, mis sityvebSi samarTlis didi marcvalic iyo. XVIII saukunis I naxevarsa da Sua wlebSi qvemo qarTlis saTavadoebisaTvis katastrofuli SedegebiT aRiniSna. gareSe mtrebis gamudmebulma Semosevebma, aRniSnuli mxare saomari moqmedebebis namdvil asparezad aqcia, ramac mosaxeobis mkveTri Semcireba, meurneobis moSla da saTavadoTa daSla gamoiwvia. gansakuTrebiT lekianobam saerTod moSala senioriebis meurneobebi. mosaxleobis yvela fenis warmomadgeneli kaxeTsa da qarTlis SedarebiT usafrTxo sxva kuTxeebSi gadavida TavSesafareblad da sakuTar qveyanaSi xiznad iqca. samxreTidanac Semoseuli musulmanuri qveynebis amaoxrebeli nakadebis pirveli dartymac somxiT-sabaraTianoze modioda da am dartymiT gamowveul mTel zians
iqve. xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-7224. 3 xelnawerTa instituti. Hd 3 rveuli. 4 iese baraTaSvili. `cxovreba anderZi~. qarTuli proza. V t. q. Tbilisi. 1983 w. gv. 641-642. 5 iqve. 6 iqve.
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pirvelad swored es kuTxe iRebda. XVIII saukunis 40-ian wlebSi qvemo qarTlSi Sida feodaluri aSlilobac mZvinvarebda. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT yovelive zemoT aRniSnulTan erTad lekianobas: mosaxleobis tyvevnatacebas, xocvas, mSvidi cxovrebisa da Sromis saSualebis mospobas, advili warmosadgenia is savalalo mdgomareoba, romelSic ara marto calkeuli TavadiSvilebi, aramed mTeli saTavado saxlebi da mTeli mxare moeqca. mxolod Teimuraz II-is, erekle II-isa da somxiT-sabaraTianos mosaxleobis mTeli sasicocxlo Zalis daZabviT, moxerxda qvemo qarTlSi qarTuli mosaxleobis Semcirebuli nawilis, magram mainc damagreba da am ZirZveli qarTuli kuTxis sisxlxorceuli kavSiris SenarCuneba qveyenasTan. papua marabdis gauyidvelad mainc ar dadga da man mamuli gorjaspi mdivans miyida. imave wels papua mowmed gvevlineba revaz gabaSvilis mier zaza TarxniSvilisadmi valis aRebis Taobaze gacemuli sabuTisa _ xelwerilisa. 1 papua germanoziSvili gvxvdeba 1765 da 1767 wlebis dokumentebSic. amis Semdgom misi xseneba wydeba. savaraudod, is 1767 wlis axlo xanebSi gardaicvala. gvaxsovs, rom papuas Zma iyo guguna daTunasZe, romlis Tanamedrovec gaxldaT misi biZaSvili _ guguna papuasZe germanoziSvili. amis gamo Tu sabuTebSi uSualo miTiTeba an miniSneba ar aris, xandaxan SeuZlebelia dadgena, Tu romel maTganzea saubari. guguna daTunasZis Svilebad Canan: tetia, avTandil da sulxan germanozisSvilebi, xolo papuas (papunas) Svilebad: daviT, giorgi, guguna, zaal da oman germanoziSvilebi. yvela es piri XVIII saukunis meore naxevris moRvawea. 1756 wels xdeba germanoziSvilTa gayra. Cveni azriT, es mesame gayraa maT saxlSi da ukanaskneli 1717 wlis germanozianT saxlis wevrebis `Seyrilobis~ Semdeg. 1756 wlis gayram saTavado saxlis saboloo daSlis gaformeba gamoiwvia. `meore gayris Semdeg (1756. g.j.), sagermanoziSvilom, rogorc saTavadom Sewyvita Tavisi arseboba~, 2 _ werda g. jamburia. Tu Tvals yuradRebiT gadavavlebT 1756 wlis gayris sabuTSi aRweril germanozianT mflobelobas, TvalSisacemi xdeba maTi kuTvnili mamulebisa da ymaTa ricxvis mkveTri Semcireba, 1721 wlis aRweris monacemebTan dakavSirebiT. Tu 1721 wlis somxiT-sabaraTianos sadroSos aRweris Tanaxmad, germanozianT yma-mamuli dasturdeboda qvemo qarTlis 24 sofelSi, 1756 wels amgvari Cans mxolod 18 sofeli, iqac, vimeorebT, mflobelobis mkveTri SemcirebiT. sagermanoziSvilos saTavados ZiriTadi nawili, rogorc viciT, algeTis xeobaSi mdebareobda. aqac ki germanoziSvilebi yma-mamuls aRar floben iseT soflebSi, rogorebicaa: enageTi, cxvrisi, koia, axvrisi, sabuzari. viciT XVIII saukunis I naxevarSi Tu rogor asxvisebdnen germanozianT saxlis wevrebi am da sxva soflebidan yma-mamuls, agreTve xandaxan valis an giraos gadauxdelobis gamo ubralod kargavdnen `samkvidro~ mflobelobas, romelic sxva mebatoneTa xelSi gadadioda. im soflebSic ki, romelSic mdebareobda germanoziSvilTa saZvale-sasaflao gudarexis monasteri, 1756 wlis gayris
1 2

saq. centr. arqivi. fondi 225. #1657. g. jamburia. sakandidato disertacia. gv. 9.

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sabuTis monacemebiT, maTi yma-mamuli aRar dasturdeba. germanoziSvilebs SeZenili aqvT yma-mamuli algeTis xeobis sofel CxekvSi, romelSic 1721 wels mflobeloba ar uCanT, ar hqoniaT. TrialeTsa da skvireTSi maT samflobeloebi SenarCunebuli aqvT imave soflebSi, kerZod, TrialeTSi: koxtasa da babiaSi; skvireTSi: kveseTsa da akurisSi. qciis xeobaSi germanoziSvilebs araviTari yma-mamuli aRar ekuTvniT soflebSi: Tafansa da mZovreTSi. maTi mflobeloba aRar dasturdeba arc dmanisis xeobis _ dmanisijvarSi. sainteresoa aRiniSnos, rom 1756 wlis gayris wignSi vawydebiT iseTi soflebis saxelebs, romlebic ar gvxvdeba 1721 wlis aRweraSi, magram romlebic dasaxelebuli iyo 1543 wlis germanozianT winaprebis: fariSatisa da giorgis gayris wignSi. 1756 wlisaTvis germanoziSvilebi yma-mamuls flobdnen sofelSi kokatlisi (kvantasRisi), romelic gvxvdeba 1543 wlis gayris sabuTSi, magram ar gvxvdeba 1721 wlis davTarSi. agreTve or axal sofelSi: pimiweTsa da corkutSi. Cven zemoTac aRvniSneT, rom arc 1543 wlis da arc 1721 wlis sabuTebSi srulad ar SeiZleba yofiliyo asaxuli germanozianT saxlis mflobeloba. am ori sabuTis monacemebi 1756 wlis sabuTis monacemebTan erTad, avsebs erTmaneTis cnobebs da am saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi warmodgenas gviqmnis sakvlevi saTavado saxlis mflobelobasa da qonebriv mdgomareobaze. 1756 wlis gayram bolo mouRo somxiT-sabaraTianoSi germanoziSvilTa isedac dasustebul saTavados erTobas. germanoziSvilTa saxlis wevrebi mTlianad mesame xarisxis Tavadebad da wvril msflobel-memamuleebad iqcnen. maT veRar vxedavT veraviTar, Tundac iseT saSualo an dabali samoxeleo Tanamdebobebze, romlebic maT adre sakmaod xSirad eWiraT qarTlis samefo karze. vidre SevexebodeT germanoziSvilTa gvaris warmomadgenlebze XVIII saukunis meore naxevris cnobebs da sabuTebs, warmogidgenT papua uzbaSisa da gugunas SvilTa geniologiur Stos.

papua uzbaSi -1767-

guguna -1752-

daviT

giorgi

guguna

zaal

oman

tetia

avTandil

sulxan

1662 wlis sabuTSi naxsenebia germanoz baraTaSvili, romlis mamis Svilobac gaugebaria, Tumca isic germanoziSvilTa saxlis wevria. im pirobebSi, ra pirobebSic vmuSaobT aRniSnul sakvlev sakiTxebze, Cven ar gvaqvs SesaZlebloba mivakvlioT sakvlevi TemisTvis yvela saWiro sabuTs, amitom, am SemTxvevaSi gviWirs gadmocemuli mosazrebis dadastureba, magram aRuniSvnelobac ar ivargebs. kerZod, aris mosazreba, rom 1662 wlis sabuTSi naxseneb germanozs hyavda ori Ze: kacia da ibreimi. kacia germanoziSvili, marTlac, gvxvdeba 1721 da 1733 wlis sabuTebSi. kacias 59

Svili yofila rostomi, xolo ibreimisa _ faremuzi. faremuzis Svilebia: mariam, baram da ioseb germanoziSvilebi. mariam (igive maia. z.W.) faremuzisasuli (1783-1831) gaTxovili yofila sof. kisixevel Tavadze ivane nikolozisZe ColoyaSvilze. mariamis momdevno Zma _ baram germanoziSvili, romelic baraTaSvilis gvariT gvxvdeba, cnobili moRvawea. barami farnaoz erekle II-is Ze batoniSvilTan TanaSezrdili iyo. igi masTan erTad moqmedebda rusTa winaaRmdeg. gansvenebuli mecnieris maqsime berZeniSvilis cnobiT, barami saqarTvelos mTavarmarTeblis cicianovis brZanebiT, 1805 wels daupatimrebiaT da 1806 wlis agvistoSic cixeSi mjdara. 1 barami ganTavisuflebis Semdeg ukve aleqsandre batoniSvilis mxardamxar ibrZvis rusebis winaaRmdeg. is batoniSvilTan erTad moqmedebs rusi dampyroblebis winaaRmdeg, xevsureTis ajanyebis centrSi _ SatilSi. ajanyebis damarcxebisa da kavkasiaSi moqmedebis Sewyvetis Semdeg, aleqsandre axerxebs qarTlis gavliT iranSi gaWras. barami gandevnilebaSi iranSi miyveba aleqsandre batoniSvils. barami ganaTlebuli da qveynis mosiyvarule moRvawea. is poetic gaxldaT. mis kalams ekuTvnis leqsebi: `Senda Seyramdis viT gasxlebs guli~, `hoi vardo, modi nu inazebi~, `afrodito amobrwyindi~, `nu mwvam mijnuro~, `hlocualeben tarosni JamTa da dardTa~, `eha mTiebi mTenia~. 2 masve ekuTvnis wigni `bWoba gonebisa~. 3 barami iranSive gardacvlila XIX saukunis 40-ian wlebis miwuruls. mariamsa da barams hyavdaT Zma iosebi da Zmiswulebi: nino da barami. iosebis meuRle gaxldaT Tavad glaxa falavandiSvilis asuli _ nino. baram iosebisZe 1850 wels dajildovebula wminda anas me-4 xarisxis ordeniT. 1852 wels ruseTis saimperatoro karis komisias daumtkicebia misi Tavadis xarisxSi ayvana. nino iosebisaseuli (1818-1882) gaTxovili yofila kaxel Tavadze _ giorgi gurgenisZe vaCnaZeze. 1740, 1751 da 1762 wlebis sabuTebSi vxvdebiT gurgen germanoziSvilis xsenebas. 1770 wels ixseneba giorgi germanoziSvili. is saCivris arziT mimarTavs qarTl-kaxeTis mefe erekle II-s. 4 roca giorgi ori-sami wlis mTlad daoblebuli darCenila, mis gamdels usargeblia misi mcirewlovanebiT da germanozianT `ori sakomlo mamuli marabdidam TuSmal ibreimisaTvis miuyidia~ 5 sam Tumnad. TuSmal ibreimis nacolari, giorgis `ganayofs~ papuas SeurTavs da marbadis mamulebic mas miusakuTrebia. 1770 wlis saCivari, mefis gadawyvetilebiT, mdivanbegTa sasamarTloSi unda garCeuliyo. rogorc Cans, giorgis saCivari ver dakmayofilda da is 1775 wels ukve `gogias~ saxeliT xelaxla mimarTavs arziT erekle II-s. arzis Tanaxmad vigebT, rom giorgis Zmac hyolia, Tumca sabuTSi misi saxeli naxsenebi ar aris. 6 giorgi amtkicebs, rom mas gaaCnia gamdlis mier gayiduli mamulebis nasyidobis
maqsime berZeniSvili. `masalebi XIX saukunis I naxevris qarTuli sazogad. istoriisaTvis~, 1980 w. Tbilisi. gv. 175. 2 maqsime berZeniSvili. dasax. naSromi. gv. 175. 3 iqve. gv. 175. 4 xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-2836. 5 iqve. 6 xelnawerTa instituti. Qd-788.
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wignis gamabaTilebeli sabuTebi, amitom sadavo sakiTxis ganxilvas kvlav samarTalSi iTxovs. 1 giorgis ojaxis mZime mdgomareobaze metyvelebs 1793 wlis arza `sawyalobelis gogia germanoziSvilis qvrivisa da oblisa~. 2 1793 wlisaTvis giorgi ukve gardacvlili Cans. misi meuRlis gancxadebis Tanaxmad, mas `oblis sarCoT mxolod ori komli kaci darComia~, `xvnac is aris, Tesvaca, zvarica da xodabunic~, 3 _ wers germanoziSvilis meuRle da aRniSnavs, rom `mis meti sarCo ara gamaCnia~ 4 rao. igi mefisagan mis saxlobaze da ymebze Sewerili sursaTisa da gamosaRebis amokveTas iTxovs: `amaTi gamonarComi ara ineboT ra... radgan Tvisad gaqvso qvrivo da obolo mowyalebao~. 5 germanoziSvilis saxloba gamosaRebis patiebas iTxovs. erekle II Tavis siZes, sardal-saxlTuxuces daviT orbelians avalebs, rom germanoziSvilTa kuTvnil or koml yma-glexze yovelgvari `saqveyno saTxovari~MamoakveTinos, xolo sursaTis moasilT ubrZanebs, rac am ori komlisaTvis gamourTmeviaT, `qvrivsa da obols~ daubrunon mTlianad, `Torem Cvens SemcodeT mogkiTxamTo~ , _ mkacrad afrTxilebs mefe sursaTis amkref moxeleebs. 6 erekle II Tavis gadawyvetilebis axsnasac iZleva: `es qvriv-oboli am orma Tavisma ymam unda gamozardon~ 7 -o. mefe ar kmayofildeba mxolod brZanebis gacemiT. igi calke mdivanbeg solomon lioniZes avalebs germanoziSvilTa am ojaxisadmi yuradRebis miqcevas da moiTxovs droTa ganmavlobaSi maTze da maTi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, misTvis cnobebis miwodebas. 8 marTalia, samsjelo Temas ar exeba, magram ar SegviZlia ar aRvniSnoT qarTl-kaxeTis mxcovani didebuli mefis gulisxmieri damokidebuleba am SemTxvevaSi germanozianT SeWirvebuli ojaxis mimarT. marTlac rom SesaSuria XVIII saukunis bagrationi monarqis damokidebuleba da gulisxmiereba qveSevrdomebisadmi, saqarTvelos arsebuli dRevandelobasTan gaTvaliswinebiTac. 1788 wlis sabuTSi vxvdebiT daviT germanoziSvils. is papua uzbaSis Svili _ daviTi unda iyos. daviTis mamas, `avis dros mizeziT~, Tavisi erTi komli yma glexi sabaraTianos farglebs gareT gauyvania da Tamaz zandukelisaTvis miubarebia. daviTi am ymebisagan kvlav misi ojaxisadmi samsaxuris ganaxlebas iTxovs. 9 arza vaxtang erekle II-is Zis saxelzea Sedgenili, romelic mamis brZanebiT aragvis xeobas ganagebda. zanduklebi aragvis erisTavTa aznaurebi iyvnen. rogorc Cans, daviTis mamas, sabaraTianos daclisas, Tavisi ymebi daufantia da zogi maTgani nebayoflobiT gaubarebia, SedarebiT usafrTxo aragvis xeobaSi. XVIII saukunis meore naxevris moRvaweebi arian: zaal, nikoloz (igive kikola. z.W.), kaka,
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

iqve. cssa. fondi 1449. sabuTi #1125. iqve. iqve. iqve. cssa. fondi 1449. sabuTi #1125. iqve. iqve. cssa. fondi #1450. davTari #13. sabuTi #78.

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germanoz, giorgi (igive gogia), kidev giorgi da sulxan germanoziSvilebi. daTuna gugunasZis SvilTaSvilebad gvevlinebian misi Zis gugunas SviliSvilebi: germanoz da zaal sulxanisZeni. 1781 wels iasaulad vxvdebiT zaal germanoziSvils, romelic sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas kisrulobs. 1 1781 wliT daTariRebul dokumentSi vxedavT nikoloz germanoziSvilis xsenebas. sabuTidan Cans, rom nikolozis yma an naymevi am ukanasknelTan batonymuri damokidebulebidan Tavis daRwevasa da mebatonis vasalobisgan, ymobisgan ganTavisuflebas cdilobs. saCivris aRZvra Tavad nikoloz germanoziSvilis mier xdeba. `q. germanozisSvili nikoloz uCioda lomitaSvils berZenaSvils, Cveni eklesiisTvis mefeebs SemouwiravT gujriT. axla is Tavs marTmevs diRmelad da TeTraZed acxadebs Tavis Tavs~ 2 -o, _ werda nikoloz germanoziSvili. yuradRebas ipyrobs is garemoeba, rom nikolozs Tavisi saCivris simarTlis damamtkicebeli, `mefeebis~ gujaric unda hqonoda xelT. sabuTi sayuradRebo da sainteresoa mepatronisa da ymis mwvave urTierTobis aRwerisa da Seswavlis kuTxiT. yma yvela xerxiT cdilobs mflobeli TavadisSvilisgan Tavis daRwevas. davaze gamotanili ganCinebis Tanaxmad, dava fics unda gadaewyvita. 1782 wels iasaulebad vxvdebiT zaalsa da nikolozs, xolo 1801 wels kaka germanoziSvilebs. 3 1783 wlis angeTeli ustaSvilisa da gostaSabiSvilebis nasyidobis wigns amowmeben: `germanoziSvili giorgi~ da `germanoziSvili daviT~. 4 amave wlis sabuTSi giorgi germanozisSvili gostaSabiSvilebs udasturebs, rom zemo weraqvi maTi sabatono sofelia: `q. me giorgi germanoziSvils ase gamigonia: zemo weraqvi gostaSabianTi ariso, RvTis winaSe~. 5 es is giorgi germanoziSvilia, romelic monawileobas iRebda erekle II-is dakrZalvis ceremoniaSi. igi saxelmwifo Rerbis mWerelT `mordarT: diasamiZes ieses da mordars Tavads gurgenisZes ioanes; marjul da marcxul udgan amaT germanozisSvili giorgi da 6 yorCibaSisSvili qaixosro~. Tu ceremonialis aRweris am marto mcire amonaridsac davukvirdebiT, SevamCnevT, rom ori mordlidan erTi qarTleli, xolo meore ki kaxi TavadisSvilia. aseve saxelmwifo beWdis mcvelTagan, marjvniv da marcxniv mdgomi warCinebulebic, rogorc Cans, am niSnis mixedviT arian SerCeulni. germanozisSvili _ qarTleli, xolo yorCibaSisSvili _ kaxeli TavadisSvilebi arian. qarTl-kaxeTis mefis dakrZalvis ceremoniaSi uSualod monawileobis miReba, Tundac saxelmwifo Rerbis mcvelTa, mxleblis rangSi, didi pativi iyo. nikoloz germanozisSvils vxvdebiT 1788 wlis davis garigebis dokumentSic. igi sadavo saqmeze gamotanili ganaCenis aRmasruleblad,
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cssa. fondi #1450. davTari #34. sabuTi #172. xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-10384. xelnawerTa instituti. Hd-3684. e. TayaiSvili. `saqarTvelos siZveleni~. I t. gv. 100. iqve. gv. 153. `qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi~. II t. gv. 537.

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`saqmis moasiled~ gvevlineba. 1 1789 wliT daTariRebul sabuTSi vxedavT daviT germanozisSvils. daviTi, zaal yaflaniSvilisa da erasti gostaSabiSvilis sasisxlo saqmis garigebisas, erastis ficSi damswred gvevlineba. 2 nikoloz germanozisSvili Cans 1793 wlis sabuTSic. 1793 wels ximSiaSvilTa sadavo saqmeze gamotanili ganCinebis Tanaxmad, nikoloz sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRmasrulebeli piri da aRniSnuli sadavo saqmis iasaulia.3 1803 wlis somxiT-sabaraTianosagan gamosaReb sursaTis nusxebSi vkiTxulobT: `am wlis sursaTi somxiT-sabaraTaSvilos saxaso soflebs, saTavadoebs, eklesiis ymebs da aznauriSvilis ymebs da gatexil xids zemoTelebs, yvelas saxeldobr sursaTi SeswerdaT, komlze sami kodi am wlisa da erTi amdenic SarSandeli danarComi unda gamoerTvasT~. 4 sursaTis `danarComi~ gamomRebTa nusxidan vigebT, rom aseTi valdebuleba sulxan, gogia da kikola germanoziSvilebis ymaTac debiaT. `v. q. sulxan germanozisSvilis ymaT kodi~; `v. q. germanoziSvilis gogias da sxvis ymaT kodi~; `g. q. germanoziSvili kikolas ymam kodi~. 5 aRniSnuli dokumentidan sruliad aSkaraa, rom germanoziSvilTa gvari XIX saukunis dasawyisSi imave formiT arsebobs, ra saxiTac gasuli saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi. metic, am gvaris wevrebidan, aq saxezea sami ojaxis warmomadgeneli, romlebic ymaTa da mamulebis garkveul raodenobas kvlav floben sabaraTianos soflebSi da asruleben sabegro valdebulebebs. amitom Cvens gakvirvebas iwvevs, Tu ratom ar aqvs vaxuSti batoniSvils germanozianT gvari Setanili `aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa~-Si, sadac is ganixilavs `awindelTa mTavarTa~ gvarebs da TavSi `warCinebulTaTvis~, sadac ganixilavs warCinebulTa gvarebs da vfiqrobT, sruliad safuZvlianad SeiZleboda iq germanoziSvilTa Seyvana. germanozianT gvaris xsenebas ver vxvdebiT verc ioane batoniSvilis TxzulebaSi: `SemoklebiT aRwera saqarTvelosa Sina mcxovrebTa TavadTa da aznaurTa gvarebisa~. miuxedavad imisa, rom ioane batoniSvili, baraTaSvilTa ganStoebis gvareulobaTa aRwerilobasac gvawvdis. germanozianT gvari, iseve rogorc baraTianT didi saxlobis bevri sxva ganStoebis gvari, ar aris Setanili arc 1783 wlis georgievskis traqtatis I danarTSi, romelSic mocemulia qarTlkaxeTis samefos Tavad-aznaurTa gvarebis sia. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, roca germanoziSvilTa xseneba ar wydeba XVII saukunidan, arc XVIII saukuneSi da arc XIX saukunis dasawyisSi. vfiqrobT, rom germanoziSvilTa gvaric, saerTo gvar baraTaSvilSi (baraTovi traqtatSi. z.W.) unda iyos nagulisxmevi. igulisxmebodes. aki XIX saukunis dasawyisidan moyolebuli, rusuli mmarTvelobis sabuTebSi germanoziSvilTa gvaris wevrebi TiTqmis yovelTvis baraTaSvilebad iwerebian.

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cssa. fondi #1450. davTari #22. sabuTi #69. cssa. fondi #1488. #470. xelnawerTa instituti. Qd-6749. saq. sax. muzeumi. #3053 Hd.

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Cven zemoT vaxseneT XVIII saukunis II naxevrisa da XIX saukunis I naxevris moRvaweebi, Zmebi germanoz da zaal sulxanisZe germanoziSvilebi. germanozs hqonia maioris Cini, misi meuRle iyo aznaur Tadeoz nacvliSvilis asuli natalia (1804-1834). germanozsa da natalias hyavdaT oTxi vaJi: sulxani, apoloni, levani, vladimeri da erTi asuli olimpiada. sulxan germanozisZe (1821-1866) cnobili qarTveli istorikosia. misi naSromis Sesaxeb givi axvlediani werda: `sulxan baraTaSvili sifrTxiliT ekideba ara marto zepirsityvier masalas, aramed ucxoel mweralTa da istorikosTa cnobebsac~. 1 sruliad safuZvlianad miuTiTebda b-n givi axvlediani sulxanis kvlevis meTodis maRal Rirsebebze. `is faqti, rom s. baraTaSvili eWvs qveS ayenebs ucxoel mweralTa da istorikosTa cnobebs~, mecnieris kvlevis meTods Rirsebas matebs, _ aRniSnavda is. 2 sulxani atarebda maioris samxedro wodebas. sulxani daqorwinebuli yofila elisabed (elizaveta) petresasul semianikovaze. maT xuTi Svili hyavdaT: ekaterine, vasili, konstantine, dimitri da sofio. cnobili piri gaxldaT sulxanis umcrosi Zma levanic (1826-1875) (igive leonide. z.W.), romlis meuRlec yofila poet nikoloz baraTaSvilis da nini (1828-1906) (nina. z.W.). 1865 wels levani q. goris `gorodniCi~ yofila. mas miRebuli hqonda `nadvorni sovetnikis~ anu karis mrCevelis tituli. levans da ninos hyoliaT xuTi Svili: estate, efemia, ilia, natalia da anastasia. sulxanis da levanis da olimpiada (olRa. z.W.) gaTxovili iyo Tavad aslan nikolozisZe Tarxan-mouravze. sulxanisa da levanis biZa zaal sulxanisZe (1793-1848) orjer yofila daqorwinebuli. pirvelad ana iSxnelze (1794-1829), xolo meored Tavad ivane amilaxvis asul ninoze. orive qorwinebidan zaals (zaqarias. z.W.) hyavda rva Svili: mixeili, aleqsandre, pulxeria, natalia, daria, zelania, germanoz da ivane. papua uzbaSis Zis daviTis SviliSvilia ioseb giorgisZe (1787-1841), romelsac podpolkovnikis samxedro wodeba hqonda. is daqorwinebuli yofila efemia glaxasasul gabaSvilze (1795-1882), romlisganac SeZenia cxra Svili: ekaterine. parTeni, ermi, natalia, mariami, efemia, barbare, sofio da nikolozi. iese paatas Zis STamomavlobidan vxedavT mis SvilTaSvilebs, oTar ieses Zis SviliSvilebs: iakob nikolozisZes (1770-1822) da nikoloz giorgisZes (17801833). iakobi guberniis mdivnad msaxurobda da daqorwinebuli iyo Tavad ivane RolenjiSvilis asul Tamarze (SinaurobaSi Talia. z.W.) (1793-1873). maT hyoliaT aTi Svili: ivane, daviTi, sofio, elene, giorgi, mariami, solomoni, natalia, nikolozi da konstantine. iakobis biZaSvili nikolozi titularuli mrCeveli gaxldaT. is daqorwinebuli iyo aznaur korneli WaWikaSvilis asul dariaze (1795-1833). maT hyavdaT sami Svili: mariami, elene da giorgi. mariam nikolozisasuli (1814-1872) gaTxovili iyo besarion ivanesZe andronikaSvilze. nikolozis vaJi giorgi, SinaurobaSi tato, daibada 1823 wels. is 1852 wels misces samarTalSi zaal saamisSvilgivi axvlediani. `XIX s-is qarTveli istorikosebi da folklori~, Tbilisi. 1990 w. gv. 37. 2 g. axvlediani. dasax. naSromi. gv. 37.
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baraTaSvilis mkvlelobisaTvis da 1854 wels miusajes cimbirSi gadasaxleba. cimbirSi mimavali gzidan igi gaiqca. tato germanoziSvili, savaraudod, gardaicvala 1857 wlis Semdgom. misi meuRle iyo efemia yaramanis asuli joraSvili. maT hyavdaT sami Svili: elisabedi, sofio da nikolozi. sofio gaTxovili iyo Tavad dimitri iosebisZe WavWavaZeze. sainteresoa, rom nikoloz giorgisZe dab. 1855 wels, cnobili iqna ukanonodSobilad. vfiqrobT, SevZeliT Tavad germanoziSvilTa gvaris istoriis aRwera. naSromi uzustobebisagan, bunebrivia, dazRveuli ar aris, imis gaTvaliswinebiTac, rom is cixeSi daiwera SimSilobis 21-e dRes. 14.06.2013 w.

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