wminda iovane oqropiri 1

1
wminda iovane oqropiri

iovane 344 an 347 wels daibada antioqiaSi, mdidarsa da

cnobil ojaxSi. mamas, sekundoss didi samxedro Tanamdeboba
ekava, deda anTusa misTvis igive iyo, rac wm. nona grigol
RmrTismetyvelisaTvis. miuxedavad imisa, rom Zalian axal-
gazrda, oci wlisa daqvrivda, anTusas meored qorwinebaze
arc ufiqria, man Tavisi cxovreba Tavis erTaderT Svils
miuZRvna. gamoucdelobis miuxedavad, axalgazrda qali
gonivrulad uZRveboda meurneobas, cdilobda ioanesTvis
farTo da Rrma ganaTleba mieca, ganskuTrebul yuradRebas
wm. werilis Seswavlas uTmobda. patara iovanem qristianuli
RmrTismosaobis pirveli gakveTilebi dedisagan miiRo da
mTeli cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi gahyva. yrmobaSi miRebuli
STabeWdilebani ise Zlierad aRibeWda mis sulSi, rom maTi
waSla verc warmarTma maswavleblebma, verc amxanagebTan
urTierTobam da verc axalgazrdulma gatacebebma ver
SeZles. yrma iovane warmarTul skolebSi dadioda, sadac
filosofias, mWevrmetyvelebasa da sxva mecnierebebs as-
wavlidnen. saxelganTqmuli warmarTi oratori, libaniosi
mas Tavis saukeTeso mowafed Tvlida. im droisaTvis iovane
jer kidev mounaTlavi iyo. miuxedvad imisa, rom eklesiis
wminda mamebi naTlisRebis gadadebas srulwlovanebamde
didad ewinaaRmdegebodnen, es wesi mainc arsebobda, rasac
imiT amarTlebdnen, rom monaTlulebi warmarTul skolebSi
veRar ivlidnen. TviTon iovane SemdegSi am Cveulebas akri-
tikebda da mSoblebs arwmunebda TavianTi patarebis naTlo-
ba ar gadaedoT, isini amqveynad mosvlis pirvelive dReebSi
mieZRvnaT RmrTisaTvis da qristesgan moniWebuli madlis
moziareebad gaexadaT.
ganaTlebis miRebis Semdeg iovane samoqalaqo samsaxurSi
1
wm. iovane oqropiris cxovreba ZiriTadad gadmocemulia hagiografiuli
Txzulebis mixedviT. `iovane opropiris cxovrebis~ Zveli qarTuli Targ-
mani da misi Taviseburebani, Tb., 1988.
2 qristianuli eklesiis istoria
Sevida, kanonTmcodneoba Seiswavla da sasamarTloebSi misT-
vis mindobil saqmeebs icavda. samsaxurma saero pirebTan
daaaxlova, man gaiCina megobrebi, romlebTanac erTad da-
dioda Teatrebsa da sanaxaobebze, monawileobda gasarTo-
bebSi. magram amgvari cxovrebis sicarielesa da amaoebas
maleve mixvda. saero pativi ar xiblavda, radgan grZnobda,
rom nugeSisa da simSvidis mopoveba mxolod qristes siax-
loves SeiZleboda. daiwyo gulmodgined Seswavla wminda
werilisa, eklesiaSi siarulsac mouxSira. antioqiis episkop-
osma wm. meletim iovane gulwrfelad Seiyvara da sulieri
saubrebisTvis xSirad Sinac iwvevda. 28 wlis iovanem naT-
loba swored misgan miiRo. aqedan moyolebuli TavisTavs
Tvalyurs ise mkacrad adevnebda, rom arasodes gamouyenebia
fici da Tavs araTu borotad metyvelebis, aramed moyvasze
uwyinari xumrobis uflebasac ki ar aZlevda. mas surda dae-
tovebina es sofeli asketuri cxovrebisaTvis, magram misma
gadawyvetilebam deda daamwuxra. anTusam Svili im oTaxSi
Seiyvana, sadac Sva, sTxova qvrivobis SeCveul simwares kidev
nuRar daumZimebda da mis sicocxleSi am ganzraxvas nu ganax-
orcielebda. iovane Tavisi keTilSobili dedis Txovnas dae-
morCila da Sin darCa, magram mdidrul sasaxleSic axerxebda
ise ecxovra, rogorc es sulier moRvawes Seefereboda. male
meletim igi eklesiaSi wignis mkiTxvelad daadgina.
ioanes ramdenime megobari hyavda. isini erTad iRvwod-
nen saTnoebaSi warmatebisaTvis, erTma maTganma Tavdapir-
velad gadawyvita mTeli Tavisi cxovreba RmrTisTvis mieZ-
Rvna, magram Semdeg gadaifiqra da sofels daubrunda. am
SemTxvevasTan dakavSirebiT dawera iovanem Tavisi pirveli
werili `dacemulisadmi~, romelSic ukve Canda is Tvise-
bebi RmrTismetyvelisa da oratorisa, romelTac SemdegSi
mas qristianul samyaroSi didi saxeli moutanes: cocxali,
mimzidveli, gulidan wamosuli, siyvaruliT gamTbari mW-
evrmetyveleba da mtkice erTguleba zneobrivi siwmindisa
da Rirebulebebisadmi.
wminda iovane oqropiri 3
mkiTxvelis mokrZalebuli wodebis miuxedavad, iovanem
imgvari dideba moipova, rom maxloblad mdebare qalaqSi
misi episkoposad arCeva moisurves, magram am pativis miRe-
bas Tavi aarida; maSin im qalaqis episkoposi misi erT-erTi
megobari gaxda. am periodSi dawera iovanem Tavisi Sesan-
iSnavi Txzuleba `mRvdlobis Sesaxeb~, romelSic gamoxata
Tavisi Sexedulebani mRvdelmsaxurTa, rogorc saidum­loTa
aRmsrulebelTa da samwysos dammoZRvrelTa, maRal mova-
leobebze.
dedis gardacvalebis Semdeg man gayida mamuli, aRebuli
fuli Raribebs dauriga, monebi gaaTavisufla da antioqiis
maxloblad erT savaneSi berad aRikveca. iovanes ganmartoe-
buli cxovreba surda, magram misma didebam bevri miizida:
mravali midioda masTan rCevisa da darigebis misaRebad,
senisagan gansakurneblad, radgan ufalma kurnebis saswaul-
moqmedi Zala mianiWa.
gadmogvcemen, rom monasterSi yofnisas iovanes hqonda
Cveneba: mas brwyinvale naTliT Semosilni wminda mociqule-
bi _ iovane da petre gamoecxadnen. `me iovane var, _ uTxra
pirvelma, _ vinc saidumlo serobisas ufals mkerdze mi-
veyrdne da misgan RmrTeebrivi gamocxadeba miviRe. RmerTi
Senc gaZlevs niWs sibrZnis siRrmeTa xilvisa, raTa adamianebi
moZRvrebis uxrwneli sazrdeliT asazrdoo, xolo maT bagee-
bs, romelnic sjuls Cveni RmerTisa damaxinjebulad ganmar-
taven, klite daado~. xolo petrem mas gasaRebi gadasca da
uTxra: `gaZlevs Seni ufali gasaRebs wmindaTa eklesiaTa, dae
iyos Sekruli igi, visac Sekrav da gaxsnili, romelsac gax-
sni~. iovane maT winaSe daemxo da Rrma morCilebiT wamoiZaxa:
`vina var me, rom amgvari msaxurebis miRebisa da tarebisaTvis
gavkadnierde, me, kaci codvili da araraoba?~
_ `gamxnevdi da ganmtkicdi, uTxres mociqulebma. rac
gebrZana is Seasrule. nu damalav niWs, romelic RmerTma
kacTa gansanaTleblad giboZa. gabedulad iRaRade sityva
RmrTisa da gaxsovdes, rom ufalma brZana: nu geSinia mcire
4 qristianuli eklesiis istoria
samwysosTvis, rameTu mamam ineba mogceT Tqven samefo. da
nurc Sen geSinia, rameTu ufalma ineba SeniT gananaTlos
sulni mravalTani. simarTlisaTvis bevr mwuxarebasa da dev-
nas daiTmen, magram yovelive mxned gadaitane~.
emzadeboda ra msaxurebisaTvis, romelzec ufalma miuTiTa,
iovanem moRvaweoba gaaZliera. savanidan ganmartoebul gamo-
qvabulSi gadavida, sadac ganuwyveteli locviT ganimtkiceb-
da suls; man sulieri gamocdileba Tavis TavTan brZoliT
SeiZina. soflis xmaurisagan moSorebuli, RmerTTan mosau-
bre da misTa qmnilebaTa silamazis mWvreteli suli ioanesi
sul ufro da ufro uaxlovdeboda sinaTlisa da sicocxlis
wyaros. avadmyofobam aiZula igi antioqiaSi dabrunebuliyo,
magram sixarulis momniWebeli mogonebani wynar monazvnur
cxovrebaze mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi gahyva. SemdegSi
Tavis qadagebebSi igi xSirad STambeWdavad aRwerda simSvidesa
da myudroebas udabnos savaneTa, sadac soflis amao xmauri
ver aRwevda da sadac yvela imaze fiqrobda, saTnoebis kibeze
rogor amaRlebuliyo.
antioqiaSi dabrunebis Semdeg meletim mas ukve male daasxa
xelni diakvnad,2 xolo 386 wels flabianem, meletis mem-
kvidrem antioqiis saepiskoposo kaTedraze, igi mRvdlad
akurTxa, magram samsaxurisTvis erT romelime konkretul
eklesiaSi ki ar ganamwesa, aramed mqadagebloba daavala. an-
tioqiaSi am dros Zalian rTuli viTareba iyo Seqmnili. erTi
piroba am qalaqs erTdroulad sami episkoposi hyavda: me-
leti, evstaTi da pavline. maT mimdevrebs araviTari survili
ar hqondaT erTmaneTTan urTierTobisa. meletis sikvdilis
Semdeg flabianes arCeviT bevri ukmayofilo darCa da epis-
koposad kvlav pavlines aRiarebda. mravalricxovani ere-
tikosebi: ariozelebi, sabeliozis, pavle samosatelisa da
makedoniusis mimdevrebi, gnostikuri seqtebi _ yvela Tavisi
swavlebis gavrcelebas cdilobda. warmarTebi da uriebi
qristianTa Soris Camovardnili ganxeTqilebiT xarobdnen
2
Сократ Схоластик, Церковная история, VI, 3.
wminda iovane oqropiri 5
da qristes rwmenas dascinodnen. rogori mZime iqneboda
amgvar sazogadoebaSi mqadageblis mdgomareoba! iovanesT-
vis qristianTa dayofa mtkivneul faqts warmoadgenda, igi
pirveli saukuneebis eklesias Senatroda: `roca yvelas erTi
suli da erTi guli hqonda, xolo axla erT sulSic ki ver
naxav azrTa Tanxmobas, yvelgan didi ganxeTqilebaa da mSvi-
doba arsad araa~, _ ambobda igi.
miuxedavad amisa, iovane suliT ar dacemula, radgan
Semwed yovlisSemZle ufali eguleboda, romelsac mtkice
sasoebiT mimarTavda da romelic mis Sromasa da Rvawls
akurTxebda. misi qadagebidan yvelas SeeZlo mieRo is, rac
gansakuTrebiT sWirdeboda, sasowarkveTils _ mxneoba da
sasoeba, meryevs _ simtkice. iovane yovelTvis mzad iyo dax-
mareboda mas, vinc WeSmaritebas gulwrfelad eZiebda, xolo
eretikosebs mkacrad amxelda. igi kviraSi ramdenjerme qa-
dagebda da misi gavlena dRiTi dRe izrdeboda. garTobis
moyvarulma antioqielebma sanaxaobani daiviwyes da eklesias
miaSures. mravali maTgani, vinc Tavidan mxolod cnobis-
moyvareobam miiyvana, mqadageblis mWevrmetyvelebiT sulis
siRrmemde SeZruli darCa. mravalma, TvalnaTliv dainaxa ra
Tavisi codvebi, cxare cremlebiT moinania isini. xandaxan
iovanes sityvas taSis dakvriTa da aRtacebis gamomxatveli
wamoZaxilebiT awyvetinebdnen. iovane amis pasuxad maT eu-
bneboda: `ra aris CemTvis taSis dakvra da qeba? CemTvis
qeba is iqneba Tu Tqven Tqvens cxovrebas gamoasworebT da
RmrTisken miiqceviT!~
mogviTxoben, rom erTxel erTma qalma, romelic msmenel-
Ta Soris idga, iovanes mimarTa: `suliero moZRvaro iovane,
oqropiro! Seni swavleba Rrmaa da Cvens sust gonebas misi
wvdoma ar SeuZlia~. amis Semdeg iovane gansakuTrebiT cdi-
lobda, rom swavlebani rac SeiZleba martivad da naTlad
gadmoeca. aqedan moyolebuli iovanes zedwodebad SerCa
`oqropiri~, romelic mas, rogorc rCeul mWevrmetyvels,
ase miesadageboda.
6 qristianuli eklesiis istoria
iovanes saxiT antioqielebs WeSmaritad hyavdaT mama,
nugeSismcemeli da damrigebeli, romelic sargeblobda ra
Tavisi gavleniT, msmenelebs keTili saqmeebisa da gulmowy-
alebisken ubiZgebda. is arwmunebda mdidrebs, daxmarebodnen
Raribebs, xsnida saavadmyofoebsa da TavSesafrebs sneul-
TaTvis, mkacri mxilebiT gamodioda fufunebiT aRsavse
uqmi da amao cxovrebis winaaRmdeg, romelic adamianis suls
RmerTs aSorebs, iZleoda rCevebs bavSvebis aRzrdisaTvis.
iovanem, rogorc mRvdelma, antioqiaSi Tormeti weli
dahyo. 397 wels konstantinepolis mTavarepiskoposi neq-
tariosi gardaicvala da mis memkvidred iovane miiwvies. im-
peratorebma honoriusma da arkadiusma iovanes wargzavna
dedaqalaqSi saepiskoposo kaTedris dasakaveblad antioqiis
mmarTvels werilobiT sTxoves. roca antioqielebma weril-
is Sinaarsi gaiges, mTeli qalaqi mRelvarebam moicva. xalxma
gadawyvita moZRvari mociqulebisaTvis ar gaetanebina, Tun-
dac amisaTvis Zalis gamoyenebac dasWirveboda. marTlac,
wargzavnilebi konstantinepolSi gawbilebulebi dabrund-
nen da mefes yovelive moaxsenes. maSin imperatorma antio-
qiis ganmgebels werili miswera, romliTac iovanes farulad
wargzavnas iTxovda. ganmgebelma xerxs mimarTa, mama iovane
qalaqgareT mdgar eklesiaSi miiwvia, saidanac igi pirdapir
dedaqalaqSi waiyvanes. antioqielebi moZRvris motacebam
friad daaRona, radgan Tavi daoblebulebad igrZnes.
konstantinepolSi antioqieli mqadagebeli, romlis sax-
elic ukve mTel aRmosavleTSi iyo cnobili, aRtacebiT
miiRes, magram episkoposebsa da xucesTa Soris, romelnic
axali mwyemsmTavris xelTdasxmisaTvis Seikribnen, iseTebic
iyvnen, romelTac iovane, viTarca mkacri damcveli qris-
tianuli zneobisa, gulze ar exatebodaT. aleqsandriis epis-
koposs, Teofiles, dedaqalaqis taxti erTi Tavisi momxre
mRvdlis, isidoresaTvis undoda, romelmac Tavis droze
misi erTi saxifaTo davaleba Seasrula.3 Teofile pativ-
3
Сократ Схоластик, Церковная история, VI, 2.
wminda iovane oqropiri 7
moyvare da cbieri pirovneba iyo da, cxadia, kargad icoda,
rom iovane mis xelSi morCili iaraRi ar iqneboda. samagi-
erod, iovanes mxars uWerda imperatorTan daaxloebuli
kariskaci evtropiosi. Teofiles misi muqaris SeeSinda da
iZulebuli gaxda TviTon daesxa xelni io­v­anesTvis, magram
samagierod mTeli cxovreba mis mtrad darCa.
amgvari dasawyisi imaze metyvelebda, rom dedaqalaqis axal
episkoposs win mravali usiamovneba elodeboda da, marTlac,
konstantinepolis mTavarepiskoposoba misTvis mZime gamocda
gamodga. saqme uCveulod bevri hqonda, radgan dedaqalaqis
mwyemsmTavars ramdenime olqis eklesiebi emorCileboda. ma-
gram saqme arc aSinebda da arc Rlida. Rlida urTierToba
sasuliero wresTan, romelSic, misda samwuxarod, Rirseuli
moRvawe cota aRmoCnda. didi nawili Tavis wminda movaleobaTa
mimarT gulgrilobas iCenda da miwier sikeTeTa siyvaruliT
iyo dasneulebuli. eZiebdnen ra sasaxlis karze Zalauflebis
mqone moxeleTa mfarvelobas, mRvdlebi maT biwierebas Tvals
uxuWavdnen da amitom arc is zneobrivi gavlena hqondaT, ro-
melic TavianTi movaleobis keTilsindisierad aRmsrulebel
mwyemsebs SeuZliaT hqondeT da aqvT kidevac. samRvdeloebis
gamosworeba axali episkoposis upirvelesi sazrunavi gaxda.
igi mis damoZRvras ara mxolod sityviT, aramed saqmiT, pira-
di magaliTis CvenebiTac cdilobda: sakuTari saxli sruliad
ganZarcva yovelgvari simdidrisgan, mTel Tavis Semosavals
mowyalebis saqmes axmarda, mkacrad marxulobda, uZlurTa da
sneulTaTvis TavSesafrebs aSenebda.
konstantinepolSi Casul iovanes iq ramdenime RmrTismo-
savi qali daxvda, romelTac TavianTi cxovreba RmerTs mi-
uZRvnes. eseni iyvnen: nikoreta, pentadia, prokula, basianna
da olimpiada. gansakuTrebiT olimpiada gamoirCeoda, ro-
melic sruliad axalgazrda daqvrivda, magram meored qor-
wineba aRar indoma da SeuRlebaze uari uTxra mefis naTe-
savs. nawyenma imperatorma qals qoneba CamoarTva im mizeziT,
rom TiTqos igi mas flangavda, Tumca mere mainc daubruna.
8 qristianuli eklesiis istoria
olimpiadam diakonisas wodeba miiRo da Tavisi Tavica da
Tavisi didZali qonebac moyvasis samsaxurs miuZRvna. iovane
oqropiri mas swerda: `Sen yrmobidanve asazrdoebdi qristes,
rodesac Sioda, asmevdi mas, roca swyuroda, SiSvels mosavdi,
mogzaurs Sin iRebdi, sneuls mzrunvelobdi, patimars naxu-
lobdi. ara mxolod Seni saxlia Ria yvela gaWirvebulisaT-
vis, aramed yvelgan, zRvasa Tu xmeleTze, arian adamianebi,
romelTac Seni guluxvoba sakuTar Tavze gamoscades~.
iovanes RmrTivSTagonebuli qadagebani dedaqalaqis
mcxovrebTa gulebs sul ufro da ufro ipyrobda. biwiere-
baTa mkacri mamxilebeli amave dros Tavisi samwysos moyvar-
uli mamac iyo. yvela, visac rame uWirda, misken miiswrafoda.
`Seuracxyofili daxmarebas masTan eZebs, _ werda misi Taname-
drove erTi istorikosi, _ gansasjeli damcvelad uxmobs.
mSieri saWmels sTxovs, Rataki _ samosels, sxva _ fexsacmels.
mtirali nugeSs masTan eZebs, sneuli _ mzrunvels, mogzauri
_ Semfarebels, qvrivi masTan Tavisi oblebis gamo cremlebs
Rvris, movale Tavis mwuxarebas andobs, sxva kidev ojaxSi
moCxubarTa Serigebas sTxovs~. miuxedavad mravalferovani
saqmianobisa, iovanes dro yvelasTvis da yovelivesTvis yof-
nida. man Seariga dasavleTTan antioqiis eklesia, romelic
flabianes didxans ar scnobda episkoposad.
iovane oqropiris Tavdadebulma moRvaweobam mtrebis si-
Zulvili mis mimarT ara Tu gaanela, aramed, piriqiT, kidev
ufro gaaRviva. maT Soris iyo samefo karis didi moxele
evtropiosic, romelmac Tavis droze didad Seuwyo xeli imas,
rom iovane dedaqalaqis episkoposad xelTdasxmuliyo. evtro-
piosma mis mimarT damokidebuleba maSin Secvala, roca darw-
munda, rom iovane gaweuli samsaxuris gamo misi codvebisaTvis
Tvalis moxuWvas sruliadac ar apirebda. piriqiT, mRvdelm-
Tavari gabedulad amxelda mas usamarTlobis, meqrTameobisa
da angarebismoyvareobisaTvis. im droisaTvis eklesiaSi arse-
bobda e.w. TavSesafris ufleba, rac imaSi mdgomareobda, rom
Tu gansasjeli Tavs taZars Seafarebda, igi xelSeuxebeli iyo
wminda iovane oqropiri 9
manam, sanam misi saqme xelaxla ar gairCeoda. am uflebas xSirad
iyenebdnen evtropiosisagan usamarTlod devnili pirebi da
iovanec icavda maT, rac mefis moxeles ukiduresad aRizianeb-
da. man miaRwia imas, rom eklesiisaTvis TavSesafris ufleba
kanoniT SeezRuda. evtropiosi ver xvdeboda, ra elodeboda
win. ramdenime xnis Semdeg mefis wyaloba mis mimarT risxviT
Seicvala da maSin yoveli mxridan gamoCndnen bralmdeblebi,
romelnic manamde SiSis gamo dumdnen. igi gaasamarTles da
sikvdiliT dasja gadauwyvites. saerTo siZulviliT devnilma
gansasjelma TavSesafari eklesiaSi ipova,4 iovanes saxiT ki
didsulovani damcveli gamouCnda. roca SeiaraRebuli mxe-
drebi da gacofebuli xalxi episkoposs evtropiosis gadace-
mas sTxovdnen, mRvdelmTavarma warmoTqva improvizebuli
qadageba, romelic eklesiastes sityvebiT daiwyo: `amaoeba
amaoebaTa da yovelive amao~ da TvalnaTliv warmoudgina
msmenelebs amaoeba amqveyniuri didebisa, romelic mswrafl-
warmavalia da ise ukvalod qreba, rogorc haerSi asuli
kvamli. mefis sayvareli kariskaci, romelic guSin aTasobiT
adamianTa beds rogorc undoda ise ganagebda, dRes devnili
iyo da sikvdiliT dasja elodeboda. `SeiZleba, man marTlac
Seuracxgvyo Cven, _ mimarTa iovanem msmenelebs, _ magram
axla ara gansjis, aramed Sewyalebis Jamia. rogor warmoTq-
vamT sityvebs: `momiteven Cven Tananadebni Cuenni viTarca
Cuen miutevebT TanamdebTa maT CuenTa~, Tu Tqven Tqveni
movalis dasjas ase daJinebiT moiTxovT?~
mRvdelmTavari TviTon wavida mefesTan, raTa evtropio-
sis Sewyaleba eTxova. miuxedavad imisa, rom gaZevebiTa da
sikvdiliT emuqrebodnen, iovanem mainc ar gasca taZarSi
TavSefarebuli sikvdilmisjili. ramdenime xnis Semdeg
evtropiosi Tavisi surviliT Cabarda, irwmuna ra, rom Sei-
wyalebdnen, magram igi dasajes. evtropiosis CamoSorebis
Semdeg dedofalma evdoqsiam susti nebisyofis arkadiusi
mTlianad daimorCila. evdoqsia ukiduresad xarbi da ver-
4
Сократ Схоластик, Церковная история, VI, 5.
10 qristianuli eklesiis istoria
cxlismoyvare qali iyo da Tavisi xazinis gasamdidreblad
araviTar xerxsa da saSualebas ar Takilobda.
iovane oqropiri, cxadia, sajarod amxelda evdoqsias six-
arbes, ramac gamwarebul dedofals aTqmevina: `movida ese
antioqiaYT, raYTa dahPsnes saqme mefeTa~. wminda mamas ar
aSinebda ZlierTa ama qveynisaTa mrisxaneba da Tavs pavle
mociqulis sityvebiT inugeSebda: ukueTumca kacTa saTno
veyofvode, qristes monamca ara viyav (gal. 1,10). rogorc
cxovarTa moyvaruli mwyemsi igi erTguli iyo pavle mo-
ciqulis Segonebisa: amxile, Sehrisxen da nugeSinis-ec (2
tim. 4,2). iovane codvis mxolod mxilebasa da misi Camdenis
mimarT sayveduris gamoxatvas rodi sjerdeboda, aramed,
Tu monaniebis wrfel survils SeamCnevda, nugeSsac scemda
da amxnevebda. samwuxarod, dedofali evdoqsia monaniebis
nacvlad cdilobda iqiT daedo brali moZRvrisaTvis. maTi
urTierToba gansakuTrebiT erTi SemTxvevis Semdeg daiZaba.
iovane oqropiri gamoesarCla qvrivs, romelsac evdoqsiam
ukanaskneli lukmis warTmeva daupira. dedofalma igi Za-
liT gaayvanina sasaxlidan. samagierod, roca jvarTamaR-
lebis dRes man Simunvarebsa da mxleblebTan erTad ekle-
sias miaSura, episkoposis brZanebiT igi taZarSi ar SeuSves.
dedoflis erTma msaxurma eklesiis karisaTvis laxvris dar-
tyma moindoma, magram xeli gauSeSda. gawbilebuli evdoq-
sia ukan gabrunda, xolo xelSemxmarma mama iovanes sTxova
Sewyaleba, manac xeli embazSi ganabanina da gankurna.
imis imediT, rom imperiis dedoflisagan mxardaWera eqne-
bodaT, iovane oqropiris mtrebma gadawyvites mis winaaRmdeg
gabedulad emoqmedaT. mcire aziaSi warmoSobili SfoTisa
da mRelvarebis gamo konstantinepolis mTavarepiskoposma
eparqiebi moiara da zogierTi episkoposi, romelic Zalau-
flebis borotad gamoyenebaSi amxila, gaaTavisufla. gaTa-
visuflebuli episkoposebi iovanes mtrebs SeuerTdnen da
wminda mamis winaaRmdeg erTmaneTis sapirispiro braldebaTa
niaRvari wamovida. Tu erTni mas metismeti simkacris gamo
wminda iovane oqropiri 11
uCiodnen, meoreni, piriqiT, damnaSaveTa mimarT gadaWarbe-
bul gulmowyalebaSi sdebdnen brals. male maT saSualeba
miecaT dedaqalaqis mTavrepiskoposisaTvis aSkara brZola
gamoecxadebinaT.
nitriis udabnos ramdenime berma, Teofile aleqsandri-
elisagan usamarTlod devnilma, konstantinepols miaSura,
raTa mfarveloba iovane oqropirisaTvis eTxova.5 ramdenadac
isini sxva eparqias ekuTvnodnen, romelzec wminda mamis Za-
laufleba ar vrceldeboda, igi mxolod imas dasjerda, rom
Teofiles megobruli werili miswera, romelSic sTxovda
berebs mowyaled mopyroboda. werilma Teofile ara mxolod
Seuracxyo, aramed SeaSina kidec, radgan icoda, rom nitriis
udabnos berebs SeeZloT aleqsandriis mRv­delmTavari mra-
val usamarTlo saqcielSi emxilebinaT. gagebuli hqonda ra
evdoqsias damokidebulebis Sesaxeb iovanesadmi, Teofile
konstantinepolSi Cavida, rogorc bralmdebeli wminda
mamisa, romelic ukve didi xania sZulda. man Tan ramdenime
egvipteli episkoposi iaxla, romelTa mxardaWeris imedic
hqonda. dedaqalaqSi ise, rom mTavarepiskoposs ar swvevia,
Teofilem gavleniani adamianebisaTvis mdidruli nadimebis
gamarTva daiwyo.
evdoqsias siZulvilma iovanes mimarT mas Semdeg, rac ena
miutanes, rom mTavarepiskoposma sajaro qadagebisas Seura-
cxyo, kulminacias miaRwia. igi farulad xels uwyobda imas,
rac wminda mRvdelmTavris winaaRmdeg mzaddeboda. roca
iovanem aleqsandriis mTavarepiskoposisa da dedoflis Se-
Tanxmebuli moqmedebis Sesaxeb Seityo, dawera: `SemokribeniT
mRvdelni ege sicruisani, romelni Wamen tablasa iezabelissa,
raYTa vrqua maT: `vidremdis hkelobT, Tquen oriTve fer-
PiTa TqueniTa, ukueTu RmerTi ars, SeudegiT mas~ (3 mef.
18,21). da `ukueTu tablaY igi iezabelisaY RmerTi ars, Wam-
diT da sTxevdiT~. rogorc vxedavT, iovane oqropirma qris-
tianuli imperiis dedofali gabedulad Seadara warmarT
5
Сократ Схоластик, Церковная история, VI, 7,9.
12 qristianuli eklesiis istoria
dedofals, romelmac israelianTa Soris kerpTayvanismcem-
loba daa­m­kvidra da romelic gaafTrebiT sdevnida wminda
winaswarmetyvel elias, vinc xalxs WeSmariti RmerTis Tay-
vaniscemisa da erTgulebisaken mouwodebda. sofel dubSi,
qalkedonis axlos,6 romlis episkoposic iovanes mtrebis
ricxvs ekuTvnoda, 403 wels Sedga ukanono kreba, romelzec
iovanes winaaRmdeg 29 braldeba iqna wayenebuli. sinamd-
vileSi es braldebani wminda mamis srul gamarjvebaze me-
tyvelebdnen, radgan mtrebma, miuxedavad imisa, rom bevrs
ecadnen, mRvdelmTavris cxovrebaSi erTi laqac ki ver aR-
moaCines. amitom braldebani ara mxolod usafuZvlo, aramed
zogjer Rimilis momgvrelic ki iyo. magaliTad, erT-erT
braldebas is warmoadgenda, rom iovane marto sadilob-
da da stumrebs ar iwvevda; yvelaze metad bralmdeblebi
xazs usvamdnen Seuracxmyofel sityvebs, romlebic TiTqos
mRvdelmTavars qadagebebis dros dedoflis misamarTiT
hqonda Tqmuli. wminda mama ukanono krebaze ramdenjerme
iqna miwveuli, magram man yovelTvis uari Tqva im mizeziT,
rom ar SeeZlo kanonierad CaeTvala kreba, romelzec misi
aSkara mtrebi msajulebad isxdnen. amao gamodga im ormoci
episkoposis mcdeloba, romelTac wminda mRvdelmTavris
erTguleba SeinarCunes, cvlileba SeetanaT krebis msvl-
elobaSi. Zala iovanes mtrebis mxareze iyo. maT gamoacxades
krebis gadawyvetileba, romlis mixedviTac, iovane oqropiri
dedaqalaqis mTavarepiskoposis taxtidan Camogdebuli da
gaZevebuli iyo. dedofali evdoqsias gavleniT susti nebi-
syofis mqone imperatorma arkadiusma es ukanono ganaCeni
daadastura.
roca am ganaCenis Sesaxeb Seityves, dedaqalaqis mcxovreb-
ni wm. sofiis sakaTedro taZrisaken daiZrnen, romelsac
mTavrepiskoposis sacxovrebeli saxli galereiT ukavSird-
eboda da orives TiTqos cocxal kedlad Semoertynen, raTa
sayvareli mwyemsi daecvaT. xalxi mxolod erT survils
6
iqve, VI, 15.
wminda iovane oqropiri 13
gamoxatavda: `viTxovT kanonier krebas; episkoposis gansja
mxolod namdvil krebas SeuZlia~. amasve ambobda iovanec: `me
cru krebam ganmsaja; me da Cemi bralmdeblebi kanonierma kre-
bam unda gangvsajos da aq, Cems eklesiaSi unda ganmamarTlos~.
ase gavida ori dRe. evdoqsia da iovanes mtrebi arkadiuss
arwmunebdnen mTavarepiskoposi ZaliT gaeZevebina, magram
mas xalxis mRelvarebisa eSi­noda.saerTo SfoTsa da mRel-
varebaSi simSvides mxolod iovane inarCunebda. igi ganu-
wyvetliv mimodioda taZarsa da rezidencias Soris da Tavis
momxreebsa da megobrebs anugeSebda. meore dRes, saRamos,
man wm. sofiis taZarSi warmoTqva sityva, romelic istoriam
Semogvinaxa:
`mZlavria talRebi da Zlieria qariSxali, magram me
danTqmisa ar meSinia, radganac kldesa zeda vdgavar. dae,
mZvinvrebdes zRva: mas kldis Semusvra ar SeuZlia; dae, aRim-
arTos talRebi: mas iesos xomaldis danTqma ar ZaluZs.
miTxariT, risa unda meSinodes? nuTu sikvdilisa? magram
`cxovreba Cemda ars qriste, xolo sikudil SesaZinebel~.
nuTu gadasaxlebisa? `uflisa ars queyanaY da aRsasruli
misi.~ nuTu mamulis dakargvisa? Cven araferi mogvitania
amqveynad da cxadia, misgan verc verafers waviRebT. me arad
vagdeb SiSs ama soflisa da misi sikeTeni sasacilodac ar
myofnis; ar meSinia siRatakisa, ar msurs simdidre; ar me-
Sinia sikvdilisa da ar msurs sicocxle, ukeTu mxedvelobaSi
Tqvens warmatebas ar miviRebT.
axlandel viTarebas mxolod imitom vexebi, sayvarelno,
rom Tqven dagamSvidoT. aravis da arafers SeuZlia Cveni
daSoreba... Cven adgili gangvaSorebs, magram siyvaruliT
viqnebiT SeerTebulni; Cveni ganSoreba TviT sikvdilsac ki
ar SeuZlia: Tumca sxeuli mokvdeba, magram suli darCe-
ba cocxali da am xalxs arasodes daiviwyebs... axlandeli
viTareba nu SegaSfoTebT. Tqveni siyvaruli erTi ramiT
maCveneT, _ uryevi rwmeniT. ara Cems Zalebs veyrdnobi, ar-
amed maqvs sawindari uflisa; me maqvs misi wminda werili:
14 qristianuli eklesiis istoria
is aris sayrdeni Cemi, simtkice da mSvidi navsayudeli Cemi;
sityvebi misi faria Cemi da zRude. romeli sityvebi? _ `me
Tquen Tana var vidre aRsasrulamde JamTa~. qristea Cem-
Tan; visi unda meSinodes? dae, aRimarTon Cemze talRebi,
zRva, mZvinvareba ZlierTa ama qveynisaTa; yovelive es obo-
bas qselze ufro sustia. mxolod Tqven makavebT Tqveni
siyvaruliT. magram me yovelTvis vevedrebi: dae, iyos nebaY
Seni, ufalo, ara ise, rogorc amas Tu imas surs, aramed ise,
rogorc Sen gnebavs. ai, Cemi simtkice, ai, Cemi uZravi klde,
ai, Cemi lerwami uryevi! dae, iyos is, rac RmerTs esaTnoeba.
Tu mas Cemi aq darCena esaTnoeba, madlobas vuZRvni, xolo
Tu aqedan wayvana surs, kvlav misi madlobeli vrCebi~.
meore dRes, daaxloebiT SuadRisas, imperatoris erT-
erTma kariskacma iovanes brZaneba moutana, saswrafod dae-
tovebina qalaqi da Tan daamata, rom xalxisagan winaaRm-
degobis gawevis SemTxvevaSi xelisufleba samxedro Zalas
gamoiyenebda. maSin wminda mamam gadawyvita, farulad wasu-
liyo. misTvis miCenil moxelesTan erTad igi saidumlo gas-
asvleliT gavida saxlidan da mwuxris dadgomamde qalaqis
ganapira ubanSi imaleboda. saRamos Tavis gamcilebelTan
erTad navsadgurisaken gaemarTa, magram gzaSi zogierTebma
icnes da mTel qalaqSi gaavrceles xma, rom mTavarepiskop-
osi mihyavdaT.
xalxi zRvis sanapiros miawyda, magram iovanem SeaCera si-
tyvebiT: `me valdebuli var imperators davemorCilo da ar
msurs, rom Cem gamo sisxlis Tundac erTi wveTi daiRvaros~.
igi sa­swrafod avida gemze, romelic elodeboda da male
Ramis sibnelem mimavali mRvdelmTavari xalxis TvalTagan
dafara.
meore diliT, Teofile, romelic manamde konstantine-
polSi Semosvlas ver bedavda, Tavis momxreebTan erTad qa-
laqSi gaCnda da rogorc gamarjvebuli, eklesiis saqmeebis
gamgeblobas Seudga: man saswrafod gadaayena iovanes erT-
guli mRvdelmsaxurni da isini Tavisi momxreebiT Secvala.
wminda iovane oqropiri 15
aRelvebulma xalxma eklesiis dacva gadawyvita da taZarSi
ar SeuSva is episkoposebi, romelnic dubis krebaSi monaw-
ileobdnen. sakaTedro taZarSi Sesvlis neba arc Teofiles
misces. maSin episkoposis mxlebelma aleqsandrielebma max-
vilebi iSiSvles. SetakebaSi, romelic taZris karibWesa da
TviT taZris SigniTac gaimarTa, ramdenime kaci daiRupa, bev-
ri daiWra. SeSinebuli Teofile gaiqca da Tavi rom xalxis
risxvisagan gadaerCina, konstantinepolidan danjRreuli
naviT gascura. sisxliani Setakebani sxva taZrebSic moxda;
samagierod qristianTa Soris Camovardnilma ganxeTqilebam
warmarTebi gaaxara.
RamiT dedaqalaqis mosaxleoba Zlierma miwisZvram SeaS-
foTa. miwisqveSa biZgebi gansakuTrebiT Zlierad mefis
sasaxlis siaxlovesa da TviT sasaxleSi igrZnoboda. SeZ-
rwunebulma evdoqsiam tiriliT miirbina imperatorTan.
`Cven marTali gavaZeveT, _ ambobda is, _ da ufali amisTvis
gvsjis. saswrafod unda davabrunoT, Torem daviRupebiT~.
imperatori, ra Tqma unda, daTanxmda da evdoqsiam Tavisi
xeliT dawera werili, romelSic iovanes arwmunebda, rom
mis gandevnaSi wili ar edo da RmrTis saxeliT dabrune-
bas evedreboda. pirvel werils meore da mesame mohyva, ise
mouTmenlad elodeboda SeSinebuli dedofali mRvdelm-
Tavris dabrunebas. roca xalxma amis Sesaxeb Seityo, wminda
mamis Sesaxvedrad konstantinepolis yure navebiT daifara,
romelnic Rame CiraRdnebiT iyvnen ganaTebulni. da ara
marto isini, aramed mTeli sanapiroc koconebiT iyo ga-
naTebuli. sayvarel mwyemsTan Sexvedris sixaruli xalxma
ase gamoxata. magram iovanem manam, sanam mis mimarT gamot-
anili ganaCenis ukanonoba sajarod ar gamocxadde­boda, qa-
laqSi Sesvla ar isurva da gareubanSi gaCerda.7 es rom ga­igo,
dedofalma dabejiTebiT SeuTvala dedaqalaqSi Sesuliyo,
xolo xalxma igi sakaTedro taZarSi lamis ZaliT Seiyvana.
wm. so­fiis taZarSi mRvdelmTavarma Tavisi samwyso daloca,
7
Сократ Схоластик, Церковная история, VI, 16.
16 qristianuli eklesiis istoria
RmrTis sa­didebeli sityva warmoTqva da evdoqsias werili
xmamaRla waikiTxa.
ra Tqma unda, iovanes ar SeeZlo cru krebis dadgenile-
bani kanonierad CaeTvala da sruli ufleba hqonda Tavisi
mRvdelmTavruli msaxureba gaegrZelebina, magram mas sur-
da misi simarTle sajarod gancxadebuliyo. amitom kei-
sars konstantinepolSi saeklesio krebis mowveva sTxova,
romelic dubis saeklesio krebis moqmedebas ganixilavda.
iovanes undoda mas dubSi gamarTuli wina krebis monawile
episkoposebic daswrebodnen, magram maT, xalxis mosalod-
neli risxviT daSinebulebma, konstantinepoli misi mRvde­
l­mTavris dabrunebisTanave ise swrafad datoves, rom zo-
gierTi saqme, romelic TavianT krebaze unda ganexilaT,
gansaxilveli darCaT.
ra Tqma unda, arcerT mters iovanesTvis patieba ar uTxo-
via da masTan Serigeba ar ucdia, piriqiT, misma sazeimo dab-
runebam isini kidev ufro gaaborota da mxolod xelsayrel
dros elodebodnen, raTa mRvdelmTavris winaaRmdeg axali
brZola wamoewyoT.
gavida ori Tve iovanes dabrunebidan. pativmoyvare evdo-
qsias daJinebuli moTxovniT wm. sofiis taZris win moedanze
misi vercxlis qandakeba aRmarTes.8 qandakebis gaxsnas xmau-
riani gasarTobebi mohyva, romelTac wamarTuli xasiaTi
hqonda. iovanem qalaqis gubernators sTxova bolo moeRo
uwesrigobisaTvis, romelic taZris siwmindes Seuracxyof-
da. am Txovnas ara Tu Sedegi ar mohyolia, aramed, piriqiT,
igi dedoflis Seuracxyofad miiCnies. mxiaruli garTobani
moedanze ara Tu Sewyda, aramed gamravlda kidec. gansa-
kuTrebiT sadResaswaulo dReebSi izidavda igi moedanze
uamrav xalxs. xmamaRali SeZaxilebi, simRerebi da musikal-
uri instrumentebis xmebi taZramde aRwevda da RmrTismsax-
urebisas wm. werilis kiTxvasa da galobas axSobda. maSin
wmida mamam taZarSi warmoTqva sityva, romelic sanaxaobaTa
8
iqve, VI, 18.
wminda iovane oqropiri 17
winaaRmdeg iyo mimarTuli. swored am dros Tqva man cno-
bili sityvebi: `aha esera kualad aRiZvris herodiada da
eZiebs mokueTad Tavsa ioanesa da miRebad lankniTa~. mtrebma
iovane dedofalTan daasmines da uTxres, rom igi hero-
diadas Seadara. am periodSi daariges werilebi, romliTac
samRvdeloebas krebaze iwvevdnen. aseTi werili Teofile
aleqsandrielsac gaugzavnes. Camosvlas mas iovanes mtrebic
dabejiTebiT sTxovdnen. marTalia, Teofile dedaqalaqSi ar
Casula, magram Tavis TanamoazreTa marTvas Soridanac kar-
gad axerxebda. man arkadiusi konstantinepolis mTavarepis-
koposis winaaRmdeg ise ganawyo, rom imperatorma qristes
Sobis sazeimo wirvaze wm. sofiis taZarSi wasvla ar moisurva
_ im mizeziT, rom ar SeeZlo urTierToba im episkoposTan,
romelic krebam Camoagdo.
amasobaSi daiwyo kreba,9 romelic iovane oqropiris sur-
viliT iyo mowveuli da romelsac dubis krebis ukanono
qmedebani unda emxilebina. magram mtrebma, romelTac Teo-
file xelmZRvanelobda, mRvdelmTavris winaaRmdeg misi
axal iaraRad gamoyeneba scades. swored Teofiles miTiTe-
biT gamoiyenes kanoni, romelic ariozelebis cru krebam
miiRo wm. aTanase aleqsandrielis Tavidan mosaSoreblad.
kanonis mixedviT krebis mier gankveTili sasuliero piri,
miuxedavad imisa, samarTliani iyo es gankveTa Tu usamarTlo,
Tuki eklesias krebis gadawyvetilebis gareSe daubrundebo-
da, isev unda gankveTiliyo. iovanes momxre episkoposebi im-
peratorTan mividnen da arwmunebdnen, rom igi arc arasodes
yofila gankveTili da rom es kanoni mwvalebelTa mier iyo
miRebuli aTanase didis winaaRmdeg. episkoposma elpidim
wminda mamis gankveTis mosurneebs mosTxova werilobiT aRi-
areba imisa, rom im rwmenis aRmsarebelni iyvnen, romelsac
am kanonis Semdgenelni aRiarebdnen, razec, ra Tqma unda,
9
igulisxmeba konstantinepolis kreba, romelic 404 wels gaimarTa da
romelmac meored gadaayena iovane oqropiri dedaqalaqis mTavarepiskop-
osobidan.
18 qristianuli eklesiis istoria
yvelam Tavi Seikava. mtrebi Sercxvenil iqnen, magram far-
xmali ar dauyriaT da sxva saSualeba rom aRar da­rCaT,
imperatori daarwmunes, Zala gamoeyenebina mRvdelmTavris
winaaRmdeg.
kreba, ufro sworad samsjavro wminda episkoposisa, ram-
denime Tvis ganmavlobaSi grZeldeboda. amasobaSi moax-
lovda aRdgomis wminda dResaswauli, romelic mTel qris-
tianul samyaroSi arsad iseTi zeimurobiT ar aRiniSneboda
rogorc konstantinepolSi, kerZod, wm. sofiis taZarSi.
imperatorma iovanes taZarSi misvla aukrZala. did SabaTs
samiaTasze met axladmoqceuls wm. sofiis taZarSi unda na-
TeleRo. episkoposi iq diliT mivida. daiwyo msaxureba da
ukve naTlobis saidumlo sruldeboda, roca taZarSi Seiara-
Rebuli meomrebis razmi SeiWra da mTavarepiskoposi ZaliT
gaiyvana. xalxma misi dacva scada, ris gamoc mravali dai-
Wra da mravalic mokvda. axladmoqceulebi gafantes. taZ-
ari iaraRis xmebma, qalebis tirilma, daWrilTa kvnesam da
yvirilma aavso. iovane Tavis rezidenciaSi miiyvanes, xolo
axladmoqceulebma qalaqgareT sanaTlavebsa da abanoebsac
ki mimarTes, sadac akurTxa ra wyali, samRvdeloeba naT-
lobis Sewyvetili saidumlos dasrulebas Seudga. magram
meomrebi iqac SeiWrnen, bevri maTgani warmarTi iyo. isini
mkrexelobdnen, itacebdnen saeklesio WurWels. sanaTlaveb-
Si wyals sisxli Seeria, SeSinebuli adamianebi garbodnen.
mravali mRvdelmsaxuri, romelic iovanes uWerda mxars,
daiWires da sapyrobileSi Cayares.
RamiT konstantinepoli dacarielda. xalxi taZrebs, sadac
mRvdelmTavris mtrebi damkvidrdnen, axlosac ar gaekara da
sazeimo wirvis mosasmenad qalaqgar­eT, velze Seikriba. dil-
iT, roca imperatori qalaqgareT gavida, gaocebuli darCa
sazeimod gamowyobili adamianebis xilviT. bevri maTgani TeTr
samoselSi iyo, niSnad imisa, rom naTloba axlad miRebuli
hqonda. `vin arian es adamianebi?~ ikiTxa man. `eseni eretikosebi
arian, eklesiis uarmyofelni~, _ upasuxes mxlebl­ebma. `maSin
wminda iovane oqropiri 19
isini gandevnon, xolo ufrosebi daiWiron~, brZana impera-
torma da wavida.
daiwyo saSineli angariSsworeba. meomrebi daucvel,
uiaraRo xalxs cxenebiT Telavdnen, maxvilebiT Cexdnen,
Zarcvavdnen, velze mravali daWrili da mkvdari darCa;
RmrTismsaxurebi Seipyres da sapyrobileSi gamoamwyvdies.
sanam iovane sakuTar rezidenciaSi patimariviT hyavdaT
gamoketili, kreba sul ufro da ufro iRebda brbos saxes,
romelsac misi mtrebi Seadgendnen. isini sul ufro daJinebiT
moiTxovdnen, rom wminda mama ara mxolod episkoposobisgan,
aramed saerTod eklesiisganac ganeyenebinaT. darwmunda ra,
rom episkoposTa samarTlianobis imedi, romelnic an TviTon
iyvnen mtrulad ganwyobilni mis mimarT, an kidev eSinodaT,
ar unda hqonoda, iovane oqropirma werilebi miswera dasav-
leTis, kerZod, romis, milanisa da akvileas episkoposebs,
romlebSic konstantinepolSi momxdari movlenebi aRwera.
amasobaSi wminda episkoposis momxreTa devna-Seviwroeba
gaZlierda. sapyrobileebi axali SepyrobilebiT aivso. mar-
Talia, xelisuflebis mxridan miRebulma zomebma zogierTi
daafrTxo, magram bevrSi mxurvale moSurneoba gaaRviZa. maT
sa­pyrobileebi samlocvelo saxlebad gadaaqcies, saidanac
sanTlebis Suqi da fsalmunTa galobis xmebi gamodioda.
orjer mtrebma iovanes mkvlelebic ki miug­z­a­v­nes. Tumca
damnaSaveni orivejer Seipyres, magram isini aravis daus-
jia. maSin mwye­msmTavris sicocxlis dacva xalxma iTava da
mis rezidencias dRisiTac da RamiT­ac icavda. bolos da
bolos imperatori, romelsac RmerTis risxvis eSinoda,
episkoposis yvelaze dauZinebelma mtrebma daarwmunes, rom
pasuxismgeblobas TavianT Tavze iRebdnen da sulTmofeno-
bisaTvis iovane oqropiris gandevnis ganaC­eni gamoatanines.
wminda mamam moisurva, rom erTxel kidev Sesuliyo wm. so-
fiis taZa­rSi da Tavis erTgul momxreebs iq gamoTxoveboda.
xalxma moZRvris taZarSi yofna rom Seityo, mTavar karebTan
Segrovda, raTa mis gamosvlas dalodeboda, magram iovane
20 qristianuli eklesiis istoria
rogorc pirvelad, axlac farulad gavida da navsadguri-
saken gaemarTa.
didi xnis lodinis Semdeg, xalxi mixvda, rac moxda. zo-
gierTebi zRvis sanapirosken gaemarTnen, magram ukve gvian
iyo, gemi, romelsac iovane oqropiri mihyavda, ukve Sors
iyo gasuli zRvaSi. sxvebma taZarSi SeRweva ZaliT scades
da isev aelvardnen xmlebi, isev daiRvara sisxli, wm. sofia
isev aavso daWrilebisa da momakvdavi adamianebis kvnesam.
amovarda saSineli qariSxali, xolo SuaRamisas taZarSi xan-
Zari gaCnda, romelmac ara mxolod taZari, aramed sena-
tis Senoba, mdidarTa saxlebi gadawva da mefis sasaxlesac
daemuqra. dilisTvis taZridan mxolod patara nagebobaRa
gadarCa, romelSic saganZuri inaxeboda.
iovanes mtrebma xanZris gaCena, ra Tqma unda, mis momxreebs
daabrales, zogierT maTgans arc imisa Sercxva, rom brali
Tavad episkoposisaTvis daedo. iovane ukve qalkedonidan
nikeasken miemgzavreboda, roca gems, romelzec imyofeboda,
konstantinepolidan warmogzavnilebi daewivnen, taZarSi gaCe-
nili xanZris Sesaxeb acnobes da ori episkoposi da ramdenime
sasuliero piri, romlebic gadasaxlebaSi Tan mihyvebodnen,
daapatimres da, rogorc eWvmitanilebi, dedaqalaqSi daa-
brunes.
xanZris saqmis gamoZiebisas iovanes mravali momxre Se­
ipyres, bevric awames. devnas verc is RmrTismosavi dedebi
gadaurCnen, romelnic mTeli qalaqis pativiscemiT sarge-
blobdnen, maT Soris diakonisebi _ olimpiada da pentadia,
nikoreta da sxvebi. olimpiadas, romelic gvariSvilobiTa
da simdidriTac iseve cnobili iyo rogorc RmrTismosavuri
cxovrebiT, wamebiTac daemuqrnen, magram man simSvide bo-
lomde SeinarCuna da wayenebuli braldebani mtkiced uaryo.
wminda mRvdelmTavari nikeaSi didxans ar gauCerebiaT.
erTi Tvis Semdeg igi bevrad ufro Soreulsa da mkacr adgi-
las, patara qalaq kukusoSi gadaasaxles, romelic armeniis
mTebSi mdebareobda. samocdaaTdRiani mgzavrobis manZilze
wminda iovane oqropiri 21
iovane oqropirma mravali tanjva da safrTxe gadaitana,
magram anugeSebda is siyvaruli, romliTac gzadagza xalxi,
meudabnoe berebi da saerTod samRvdeloeba xvdeboda. yvela
cdilobda wminda episkoposisgan kurTxeva mieRo. creml-
moreuli adamianebi ambobdnen: `umjobesia mzem dagvimalos
Tavisi sxivebi, vidre dadumdes bageni iovanesi~.
kukuso patara Raribi qalaqi iyo, velursa da unayofo
adgilas gaSenebuli. qalaqis mcxovrebT sicocxle hqondaT
gamwarebuli mezobeli isavrielebisagan, romelnic xSirad
esxmodnen Tavs da Zarcvavdnen. xangrZlivma momqancvelma
mogzaurobam, romlis drosac wminda mamas cxovrebis elemen-
taruli pirobebic ki ar hqonda, misi isedac susti janmr-
Teloba kidev ufro Searyia. igi mTeli zamTari ar amdgara
sneulis sarecelidan, magram amas mis Sinagan sulier mdgo-
mareobaze gavlena ar mouxdenia; suliT Zveleburad fxizeli
da Zlieri iyo, saso­w­a­rkveTasa da uimedobas ar miscemia,
piriqiT, isev ise iRvwoda RmrTis sadideblad da eklesiis
sakeTildReod. zogierTma megobarma mas gadasaxlebaSic
miakiTxa, sxvebi materialurad eweodnen, raTa qvelmoq-
medebis saSualeba hqonoda. iovane mTeli am mxarisaTvis
keTilismyofeli mfarveli gaxda: exmareboda gaWirvebaSi
CavardnilT da isavrielebisagan tyveebad wayvanilTaTvis
Tavisuflebas yidulobda.
wm. episkoposi axali ZaliT Seudga misionerul moRvaweo-
bas, romelic yovelTvis izidavda. urTierToba hqonda im
maxareblebTan, romelnic qristes moZRvrebas dunais na-
pirebze, finikiasa da sparseTSi avrcelebdnen. ra Tqma
unda, mtrebi iovane oqropiris gacxovelebul moRvaweo-
bas ver Seurigdnen da erTi wlis Semdeg igi kidev ufro
Sors, CrdiloeT armeniaSi gadaasaxles. magram iqac, iseve
rogorc kukusoSi, did mRvdelmTavars morwmuneni yoveli
mxridan akiTxavdnen kurTxevisa da darigebis misaRebad
da misi dideba mTel velur armeniaSi quxda. megobrebs,
romelnic ver Cadiodnen mis sanaxavad, igi werilebiT uka-
22 qristianuli eklesiis istoria
vSirdeboda, romlebic aRsavse iyo qristianuli sibrZniTa
da siyvaruliT. gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva werilebi miwer-
ili diakonisa olimpiadasaTvis. mxolod mas, vinc kargad
icis ama soflis rogorc sikeTeTa ise tanjvaTa amaoeba da
warmavloba, SeeZlo daewera es sityvebi: `boroteba mxolod
erTi ramaa _ codva, da sikeTec mxolod erTia _ saTnoeba.
yovelive danarCeni, rac ar unda vuwodoT _ bedniereba Tu
ubedureba, _ mxolod kvamlia, aCrdili da ocneba~.
konstantinepolis eklesiaSi mSvidoba dairRva. morw-
muneni gaiTiSnen. Zalian bevrs sjeroda, rom, ramdenadac
arc dubisa da arc misi momdevno, konstantinepolis krebis
ganaCeni kanonieri ar iyo, amdenad dedaqalaqis samwysos
kanonier mwyemsad isev iovane oqropiri rCeboda da amitom
ar scnobdnen mRvd­e­l­mTavrad mis memkvidres konstantine-
polis saepiskoposo kaTedraze _ arzaciuss. samagierod,
isini, romelnic arzaciuss kanonier mwyemsTavrad miiC-
nevdnen, iovanes momxreebs, e.w. iovanelebs, gamTiSvelebs
uwodebdnen. rogorc saero, as­eve sasuliero xelisufleba
iovanelebs sdevnidnen, cixeebSi amwyvdevdnen, maT locviT
Sekrebebs arbevdnen, TviT wamebasac ki ar eridebodnen da
morwmuneebisagan eklesiis erTgulebis damtkicebas iovane
oqropiris anaTemaze gadacemiT moiTxovdnen.
iovane oqropiris bedis mimarT gulgrili arc dasavleT
romis imperiis moRvaweni darCenilan. imperatorma honori-
usma Zmas, arkadiuss werili miswera, romelSic kanonieri
mwyemsmTavris dedaqalaqis kaTedraze dabrunebiT eklesia-
Si mSvidobis aRdgenas evedreboda. roca darwmundnen, rom
arkadiusze araviTari Txovna da vedreba ar sWrida, dasav-
leTis episkoposebi Seikribnen da gadawyvites, rom mxolod
msoflio kreba aRadgenda eklesiaSi mSvidobasa da wesrigs.
imperatori honoriusisa da romis papis inokentis werile-
biT aRmosavleTSi xuTi episkoposi gaemgzavra, romelTac es
werilebi arkadiusisTvis unda gadaecaT. maTSi imperatori
da papi mas momavali krebis Sesaxeb sakiTxebis ganxilvas
wminda iovane oqropiri 23
sTavazobdnen. samwuxarod, mociqulebs, rogorc ki isini
imperatori arkadiusis samflobeloSi Semovidnen, mravali
Seuracxyofis atana mouxdaT, xolo konstantinepolis ax-
los isini saerTod Seipyres.
es yovelive dedofali evdoqsias gardacvalebis Semdeg
moxda. igi iovane oqropiris gandevnidan sami Tvis Semdeg,
dabada ra mkvdari bavSvi, saSineli tanjviT gardaicvala.
zogi avadmyofobiTa da zogic uecrad aResrula imaT-
ganac, romelnic wminda mamis gandevnisaTvis aqtiurobdnen.
am xanebSi aRmosavleT romis imperias mravali ubedureba
daatyda Tavs: Zlieri miwisZvra, uCveulo sididis setyva,
romelmac naTesebi gaanadgura, gadamdebi sneulebani. xalxi
amaSi samarTlian sasjels xedavda, romelic qveyanas wmin-
da mamis devnisaTvis daatyda Tavs. SeSinebulma arkadiusma
wminda moRvaweebs mimarTa RmrTis winaSe SemweobisaTvis,
maT Soris saxelganTqmul nilos sinelsac. wminda mamam mis
Txovnas _ el­oca, raTa dedaqalaqs RmrTis risxva acile-
boda, ase upasuxa: `rogor gavkadnierdebi da viloceb im qa-
laqisTvis, romelmac amdeni codvebiT RmrTis samarTliani
risxva Tavs daitexa, romelmac gandevna netari iovane, sveti
eklesiisa, mnaTobi simarTlisa, sayviri uflisa? Sen gan-
devne igi ise, rom araviTari sababi ar gqonia, qarafSutulad
ahyevi ra rCevebs adamianTa, romelTac dazianebuli goneba
aqvT. Sen moakeli morwmuneebs wminda darigebani, swavlani,
romelTac isini misgan iRebdnen. dafiqrdi amaze. Seicani
Seni Secdoma da Seinane~.
samwuxarod, arkadiuss sinanulis survili ar gasCenia da kv-
lav Zveleburad yurs imaT rCevebs ugdebda, romelnic wminda
mamis dauZinebeli mtrebi iyvnen. SeSfoTebulebma imiT, rom
gandevnili episkoposis avtoriteti da Sesabamisad _ siyvaru-
lic mis mimarT dRiTi dRe izrdeboda, maT imperatori daar-
wmunes, igi kidev ufro Sors, saqarTveloSi, Savi zRvis sana-
piroze, biWvinTaSi gadaesaxlebina.
rogorc Cans, iovane oqropiris gamcilebelT brZaneba
24 qristianuli eklesiis istoria wminda iovane oqropiri 25
hqondaT miRebuli, rac SeiZleba mkacrad moqceodnen mas, bi: Sesaqme, fsalmunebi, maTesa da iovanes saxarebebi, TiTq-
radgan gzas, saSineli xvatisa Tu kokispiruli wvimis miuxe- mis yvela werili pavle mociqulisa, romelic gadmocemis
davad, Seusvenebliv agrZelebdnen. sami Tvis mogzaurobis mixedviT, ganmartebebs did mqadagebels TviTon karnaxobda.
Semdeg maT komanSi CaaRwies. wminda mamas Zala sruliad ga- bevri qadageba romelime istoriul movlenasTan dakavSire-
moclili hqonda. RamiT mas wm. mowame basilisko gamoecxada, biTaa warmoTqmuli da zneobriv SegonebaTa xasiaTs atarebs.
romelic komanSi iyo dakrZaluli da uTxra: `nu idardeb, msoflio eklesiis moZRvrisagan Cven davalebulni varT
Zmao iovane! xval erTad viqnebiT~. meore dRes amaod sTxov- liturgiis wesiTac, romelic marTlmadideblur eklesiaSi
da iovane Tavis mcvelebs cota xniT komanSi darCenili- TiTqmis mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi aResruleba. adamianuri
yvnen, raTa Zala moekriba. maT gza mainc gaagrZeles, magram sisusteebis mimarT gulmowyale damokidebulebis gamo, wm.
iZulebulni gaxdnen maleve ukan mobrunebuliyvnen, radgan mamam ramdenadme Seamokla RmrTismsaxureba, romelic wm.
darwmundnen, rom wminda mamas gzis gagrZelebis Zala aRar basili didisgan iyo dadgenili. iovane oqropiris liturg-
hqonda. igrZno ra aRsasrulis moaxloeba, iovane oqropiri ia, garda ramdenime locvisa da troparisa, romelic Sem-
eziara. misi ukanaskneli sityvebi samadlobelo locva iyo, degSi daemata, dResac ise sruldeba, rogorc man daadgina.
RmrTis saxelze aRvlenili: `didebaY Senda ufalo, yovelTa marTlmadidebluri eklesia didi moZRvrisa da maswavle-
zeda yovlisaTvis~. igi jvarTamaRlebas, 407 wlis 14 se- blis xsenebas weliwadSi samjer aRasrulebs: 14 (27) seqtem-
qtembers gardaicvala da komanSi, wm. basiliskos gverdiT bers, 27 da 30 ianvars. 30 ianvars igi msoflio eklesiis moZ-
dakrZales. RvarTa _ wm. basili didsa da wm. grigol RmrTismetyvelTan
didi mRvdelmTavris gardacvalebidan ocdaaTi wlis Sem- erTad ixsenieba.
deg, misma memkvidrem dedaqalaqis kaTedraze, konstantine-
polis patriarqma proklem imperatori Teodosi II mcire
daarwmuna, wminda mamis neSti konstantinepolSi gadmoes-
venebinaT.10 imperatori neSts qalkedonSi miegeba, mis winaSe
muxlebze daeca da did moZRvars mSoblebis _ arkadiusisa
da evdoqsias codvaTa Sendoba sTxova. konstantinepolis
yure isev ise daifara CiraRdnebiT ganaTebuli navebiT, ro-
gorc adre, roca xalxi xanmokle gaZevebidan dabrunebul
moZRvars xvdeboda. amjerad igi mowiwebuli sixaruliT
wminda mamis neSts egebeboda. iovane oqropiris wminda neS-
tis dedaqalaqSi gadmosvenebiT, romelic 438 wlis 27 ian-
vars moxda, eklesiaSi mRelvarebas bolo moeRo da mSvidoba
aRdga.
wm. iovane oqropiris qadagebaTa ricxvi rvaass aRemateba.
am qadagebebSi ganmartebulia Zveli da axali aRTqmis wigne-
10
Сократ Схоластик, Церковная история, VII, 45.