quTaisis akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo

universiteti
humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti

maia qobulaZe

arCil sulakauris mxatvruli proza

(literaturuli ostatobis sakiTxebi)

10.01.01. - qarTuli literatura

F
disertacia filologiis doqtoris
K akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad

samecniero xelmZRvaneli: sruli profesori

avTandil nikoleiSvili

quTaisi
2009

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 Sinaarsi:

Sesavali ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2

Tavi I - arCil sulakauri II msoflio omisSemdgomi

literaturuli Taobis warmomadgeneli ----------------------------------- 17

Tavi II - realur da irealur samyaroTa urTierTmimarTebisaTvis

arCil sulakauris prozaSi ------------------------------------------------------- 28

Tavi III - arCil sulakauris prozis ZiriTadi problemebi:

A a) daxSuli sivrcis - aqvariumis Tema ------------------------------------------------ 46
b) omis Tema ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 67
g) `akrZaluli warsulis~ asaxva -------------------------------------------------------- 83

Tavi IV - arCil sulakauris prozis poetikis zogierTi sakiTxi -------- 98

daskvnebi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 140

gamoyenebuli literatura ----------------------------------------------------------- 154

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 Sesavali

arCil sulakauri XX saukunis qarTuli mwerlobis erT-erTi Tval-

saCino warmomadgenelia. igi mravalmxrivi Semoqmedi gaxldaT. amis
dasturia misi SesaniSnavi poeturi krebulebi, moTxrobebi, romanebi. man
Tavisi ganumeorebeli wvlili Seitana sabavSvo literaturis
ganviTarebaSic. a. sulakauri publicisturi werilebiTac aqtiurad
exmaureboda Tavisi drois saWirboroto sakiTxebs. aRsaniSnavia, agreTve,
misi moRvaweoba rogorc dramaturgisa da kinoscenaristisa. iyo Jurnal
`mnaTobis~ redaqtori. sadisertacio naSromSi, rasakvirvelia,
SeuZlebelia mwerlis Semoqmedebis yvela aspeqtze yuradRebis
gamaxvileba. am SemTxvevaSi vexebiT mxolod mxatvrul prozas, romelic,
Cveni dakvirvebiT, yvelaze metad warmoaCens arCil sulakauris
literaturul SesaZleblobebs.
a. sulakauris Taobis literaturuli moRvaweobis dasawyisi II
msoflio omis Semdgom wlebs daemTxva. es iyo dro, rodesac mravalero-
van sabWoTa literaturaSi gabatonebuli iyo yalbi ideebi da paTetika.
WeSmarit mwerals suls uxuTavda ideologiuri marwuxebi. aRsaniSnavia
is garemoeba, rom a. sulakaurma Tavis SemoqmedebaSi scada daerRvia
cenzuriT dakanonebuli literaturuli kanonebi, gaeTavisuflebina qar-
Tuli proza ideologiiT nakarnaxevi Temebisagan, uari eTqva moTxrobaSi
manamde arsebul adamianis stereotipuli saxis tradiciul asaxvaze.
mwerlis erT-erTi did damsaxurebad, swored, is unda miviCnioT, rom Ta-
visi aseTi stiluri da saazrovno poziciiT, man, sxvebTan erTad, mianiS-
na axali prozis Seqmnis aucileblobaze.
xSirad, roca weren a. sulakauris Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb, masze
saubars iwyeben kiTxviT: poeti Tu prozaikosi? `sakiTxavia vin ufro me-
tad Warbobs arCil sulakaurSi - poeti Tu prozaikosi? erTi ki cxadia:
igi SesaniSnavi mesityvea qarTuli mwerlobisa. misi Semoqmedeba wrfelia
da dafiqrebuli, sicocxlisa da adamianebis siyvaruliT aRsavse, boro-
tebis TavxedobiT SeZruli da mis winaaRmdeg amxedrebuli, Tavisi
kuTxis mTebs mowyvetili da masTan miaxloebuli, sworedac rom
miaxloebuli Tavisi SemoqmedebiTi mrwamsiT. arCil sulakauri xom is

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Semoqmedia, romlis wakiTxvac xSirad enatreba xolme kacs"
(`literaturuli saqarTvelo~, 2004 w. 22. V)
sadisertacio naSromSi SevecdebiT, SeZlebisdagvarad, movixmoT is
poeturi striqonebic, romlebic erTgvari gzamkvlevis rols
Seasruleben a. sulakauris zogierTi mxatvruli nawarmoebis ideur-
mxatvruli Canafiqris ukeT Sesacnobad.
a. sulakauris prozas mkiTxvelis yuradReba arasodes moklebia. misi
Semoqmedebis garSemo yovelTvis azrTa sxvadasxvaoba da Widili iyo da
aris. mwerlis Semoqmedebis aqtualobaze metyvelebs is faqtic, rom dRe-
sac, Tanamedrove literaturul kritikaSi ar neldeba interesi a. sula-
kauris prozis mimarT. sadisertacio naSromSi, miznad davisaxeT
Segveswavla, Tu rogor aris gamovlenili a. sulakauris nawarmoebebSi
asaxuli sinamdvilisa da warmosaxulis urTierTkavSiri, maTi
monacvleoba, simbolur_saxeobrivi azrovneba; rogor aris mxatvrulad
xorcSesxmuli e. w. ,,akrZaluli warsulis", totalitaruli saxelmwifos
mier udanaSaulod dasjil adamianTa cxovrebis Tema; specialuradaa
msjeloba im siaxleTa Sesaxeb, romelnic mweralma omis Temaze
dawerili moTxrobebiT daamkvidra qarTul literaturaSi. naSromSi
dakvirvebis sagnadaa qceuli, agreTve, a. sulakauris stilisa da
personaJTa gansaxovnebis mravali sakiTxi, riTac mweralma, Tavisi
Taobis sxva warmomadgenlebTan erTad, Tavis droze mianiSna axali
prozis Seqmnis aucileblobaze.
a. sulakaurma samwerlo asparezze gamoCenisTanave qarTuli kritikis
didi daintereseba gamoiwvia. SemoqmedebiTi moRvaweoba man poeziiT da-
iwyo da araerTi SesaniSnavi lirikuli nawarmoebi Seqmna. mogvianebiT ga-
moqveynda misi prozauli nawarmoebebic; Tumca a. sulakaurma qarTveli
mkiTxveli Semdegac mravaljer gaaxara poeturi krebulebiT. a. sulakau-
ris poeziidan prozaSi `gadasaxlebas" kritikosi o. paWkoria ase xsnis:
`poezias ganudga maSin, roca Seicno, rom leqsis struqturaSi prozis
intonacia da TvalTaxedva Seaqvs, roca TviT metaforam icvala saxe, igi
ganviTarda im mimarTulebiT, romelic proziT mTavrdeba, maSin SeigrZno,
rom dadga prozaSi migraciis aucilebloba" (paWkoria 1974: 37).

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 gansxvavebuli azri aqvs am viTarebis Sesaxeb g. gverdwiTels: `Cem-
Tvis Znelia imis Tqma, Tu ra `SeigrZno" an `Seicno" poetma Semoqme-
debiTi biografiis ama Tu im etapze - wers igi, - me piradad msgavs
STabeWdilebas sulac ar aRmiZravs, piriqiT, sruliad sawinaaRmdego
azrs ganmimtkicebs iseTi SesaniSnavi, Rrmad lirikuli leqsebi, rogo-
rebicaa `me SenTvis minda algeTis Wala", `alaznis velze ise Ramdeba";
`pirveli Tovli"; `me Tan movitan aragvis sunTqvas"... gansakuTrebiT ki
Tanamedrove qarTuli poeziis erT-erTi mSveneba `gonio", romlebic ar-
Cilma, swored, pirveli moTxrobis gamoqveynebis win, 1955-56 wlebSi dawe-
ra, ara mgonia poeturi krizisis mimaniSneblad SeiZleboda mieCnia Tavad
avtors, Tu nebismier mkiTxvels" (gverdwiTeli 1985: 155). a. sulakauris
mier 60-ian wlebSi Seqmnili maRalpoeturi nimuSebi da ufro gviandel
leqsebic adastureben, rom Semoqmedi Tavis niWs Tanabrad avlens ro-
gorc prozaSi, aseve poeziaSi. a. sulakauris nawarmoebebze dakvirvebam
TvalnaTliv dagvanaxa, rom es iyo niWieri mwerlis mier Zalebis mo-
sinjva gansxvavebul JanrSi. Tavisi SemoqmedebiTi gzis dasawyisSi aseTi
Ziebani ar iyo damaxasiaTebeli mxolod a. sulakaurisaTvis.
60-iani wlebis dasawyisidan qarTul mwerlobaSi erTi sagulisxmo
tendencia gamoikveTa. cnobilma poetebma aqtiurad daiwyes prozauli
Txzulebebis gamoqveyneba. n. dumbaZem, a. sulakaurma, o. WilaZem, T. Wila-
Zem da sxva Zveli da axali Taobis saxelmoxveWilma poetebma mravali
SesaniSnavi prozauli nawarmoebi Seqmnes. `am process hqonda Tavisi lo-
gika, gamarTleba da safuZveli, - werda g. gaCeCilaZe - es iyo 60-iani
wlebis dasawyisi. am drois kritikas rom Tvali gadavavloT, vnaxavT,
rom iq xSirad meordeba azri JanrTa urTierTSerwymis Taobaze. aRiniS-
neba, rom poeziaSi sul metad ikavebs adgils cxovrebiseuli detalis,
faqtis mniSvneloba, xolo prozaSi - poeturobis momenti" (gaCeCilaZe;
literaturuli saqarTvelo, 1986). sainteresoa imdroindeli literatu-
ruli procesis amgvari Sefaseba, radgan udavoa, rom es periodi Cvens
mwerlobaSi garkveul literaturul RirebulebaTa gadafasebisa da ama-
ve dros axali Temebisa da ganwyobilebebis damkvidrebiT xasiaTdeba.
qarTuli mwerloba msoflio literaturaSi mimdinare axali procesebis
kvaldakval miiswrafoda gansxvavebul movlenaTa adeqvaturi analizisa

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da gansjisaken - daiwyo prozis Taviseburi inteleqtualizacia. am amoca-
nebis gadaWrisaTvis prozas, poeziasTan SedarebiT, mxatvruli
gansaxovnebis ufro mravalferovani saSualebani aRmoaCnda.
swored, am periodSi Seiqmna a. sulakauris moTxrobebi da romanebi.
qarTuli kritikuli azrovneba dadebiTad gamoexmaura a. sulakauris
prozaul Txzulebebs. iyo, agreTve, uaryofiTi Sefasebebic. a. sulakau-
ris prozis Sesaxeb werdnen kritikosebi: g. kankava (kankava: mnaTobi, 1959),
g. gverdwiTeli (gverdwiTeli: `mnaTobi", 1966; `mnaTobi", 1981; ciskari,
1962;), a. nikoleiSvili (nikoleiSvili: gaz. `quTaisi", 1973), s. caiSvili
(caiSvili: 1990), g. margvelaSvili (margvelaSvili: mnaTobi, 1977), i.
amirxanaSvili (amirxanaSvili: `literaturuli saqarTvelo", 1985), o. paW-
koria (paWkoria: `ciskari", 1974; mnaTobi, 1958), p. koiSi (koiSi: `literatu-
ruli saqarTvelo", 1981), r. miSvelaZe (miSvelaZe: kritika, 1973), g. xuxaS-
vili (xuxaSvili: `mnaTobi", 1971), g. gaCeCilaZe (gaCeCilaZe: `literaturu-
li saqarTvelo", 1986), n. jantiSvili (jantiSvili: kritika, 1985; Tsu Sro-
mebi, 1984; Tsu Sromebi, 1987 ), g. asaTiani (asaTiani: 1977) e. barTaia (bar-
Taia: gaz. `axalgazrda komunisti", 1979) da sxvebi.
kritikosi g. margvelaSvili aRniSnavda: `arCil sulakaurma ukanaskne-
li wlebi upiratesad prozis dargSi intensiur muSaobas miuZRvna. or-
mocdaaTiani wlebis Suagulidan moyolebuli misi poeturi proza, SeiZ-
leba iTqvas, qarTuli novelis, moTxrobis Tu romanis JanrTa axali ga-
mococxlebisa da gadaxalisebis mauwyebeli Tavfurceli gaxda. am dros
ukve sakmaod cnobili poeti saqveynod ganTqmul prozaikosad mogvevlina
da misma Semoqmedebam qarTul Teatrsa da kinematografiasac Semata ma-
cocxlebeli Zala. magram is iSviaTi Tu Zunwi poeturi striqonebi, ro-
melTac arCil sulakauri drogamoSvebiT gamouCens xolme mkiTxvels, na-
tifi poeturi kulturiT, daxvewili gemovnebiT da, Tu SeiZleba ase iT-
qvas, Taviseburi `sabWoTa evropeizmiT" gamoirCeva" (margvelaSvili: mna-
Tobi, 1977). Txrobis gamoxatvis originalurma stilma da formam warmoa-
Cina a. sulakauri, rogorc uaxlesi qarTuli mwerlobis TvalsaCino war-
momadgenli. misi nawarmoebebis aqtualurma Temam, personaJTa xatvis ori-
ginalobam, azrTa sxvadasxvaoba gamoiwvia maSin qarTulsa Tu rusul
presaSi. `Tu romelime qarTvelma prozaikosma, jer kidev axalgazrdam, -

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werda kritikosi e. barTaia - qarTul prozaSi mosvlisTanave Semoitana
siaxle, es arCil sulakauris mimarTac iTqmis. Tu vinmes qarTul proza-
Si didi sikeTe uSualod unaxavs da Semdeg gaumdidrebia kidec igi Tavi-
si niWisa da Sromis wyalobiT, a. sulakauria; magram arc isaa gasakviri
da saCoTiro, Tu romelime maTgans dasavleT evropuli literatura
daexmara mxatvruli gamosaxvis ZiebaSi~. arCil sulakaurma jer kidev po-
etma, xolo Semdeg rogorc prozaikosma, erovnul tradiciebze aR-
zrdilma Semoqmedma, Tavisi Tanamedrove qarTveli mwerlebis msgavsad,
Cveni da ucxouri literaturis saunjidan akriba yvelaze saukeTeso fe-
rebi da am ferebiT aaelvara Tavisi poeturi tiloebi" (barTaia: `axal-
gazrda komunisti", 1979).
a. sulakauris pirovnebas mravali gamorCeuli Tviseba moamadla gan-
gebam: igi iyo niWieri Semoqmedi, qarTuli sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis aq-
tiuri monawile. is zneobrivi maqsimalizmi, romliTac mTlianadaa gam-
sWvaluli a. sulakauris Semoqmedeba, misi, rogorc mwerlis, cxovrebis
wesi da Sinagani Tviseba iyo. amitomacaa, rom mis mier daxatuli gmirebi
ZiriTadad zneobrivi siwmindisa da sulieri sifaqizis damkvidrebisaken
iswrafvian.
sainteresoa slovaki mwerlis p. koiSis mier a. sulakauris Semoqme-
debis Sefaseba: `mkiTxveli, albaT, SeamCnevda, rom teqstSi ar aris
xelovnuri midgoma garesamyarosadmi, ucxoa cxovrebis esTetizacia, teq-
stis metaforaTa da sxva samkaulebiT morTulobas bunebrivi elferi
sdevs Tan. avtoris lirizmi missave azrovnebaSia, missave msoflSeg-
rZnebaSia; e. i. msoflio aRqmasa da cxovrebiseul lirizmSia; magram
cxovrebiseul silamazes am SemTxvevaSi lamazi bafTis funqcia ki ar
akisria, aramed gmirTa saqcielisa da grZnobebis esTetizacia" (koiSi:
`literaturuli saqarTvelo", 1981).
mwerlis SemoqmedebaSi urbanistuli azrovneba da msoflmxedveloba
erwymis da gansakuTrebul iers aniWebs moTxrobebSi aRweril zRaprul-
romantikul garemos. pirobiToba, miTosuri saxeebi da maTi reminescen-
ciebi SeiZleba yovelTvis ar iyos erTnairi mxatvruli Rirebulebisa,
samagierod, yovelive es, rogorc mwerlis stilis ZiriTadi Tavi-
sebureba, misi originaluri mxatvruli samyaros safuZvelia. Tbilisi,

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mtkvari, CuRureTis ZvelTaZveli ubani iyo is zRapruli garemo, sadac
SeigrZno da Seiyvara a. sulakaurma samyaro. mwerali romanebisa da
moTxrobebis Tematikad qalaquri yofis suraTebs, kerZod, Tbilisis
Zveli da axali cxovrebis dapirispirebas, am konfliqtiT gamowveul
adamianTa sulieri gancdebis Cvenebas, irCevs. Gg. gverdwiTeli am
viTarebis Sesaxeb aRniSnavs: `arCil sulakauris Semoqmedeba erT-erTi
saukeTeso nimuSia imisa, Tu rogor SeiZleba bednierad iyos Serwymuli
erTmaneTSi mwerlisa da mxatvris niWi. mwerlis saocrad detaluri da
naTeli vizualuri xedvis Tu xatvis gamo sulakauris moTxrobebis
mkiTxveli Tavs Sinaur garemoSi grZnobs. Cven vxedavT ara marto quCebsa
da saxlebs, ezoebsa da aivnebs mtkvris mRvrie dinebas Tu mis riyes,
wisqvilebsa Tu duqnebs, aramed iseT detalebsac ki, rogoricaa cacxvis
xeebi, WiSkrebi, xis kibeebi, ufro metic, TiTqmis imasac ki vxedavT, Tu
romel kibes an aivans sad romeli rgoli amovardnia” (gverdwiTeli:
`mnaTobi", 1981). arCil sulakauri maZiebeli, axlis damkvidrebisaken
mimswrafi mwerali iyo. Mman igrZno ra qarTuli literaturis
ganaxlebis aucilebloba, Seecada Tavisi SesaZleblobebi moesinja
mwerlobis sxvadasxva JanrSi.
`moxda ise, rom is yovelTvis ramdenime nabijiT uswrebda win lite-
raturis ganviTarebas" - werda g. asaTiani (asaTiani 1977: 122). kritikosis
es sityvebi Taviseburi Sefasebac iyo Semoqmedis ganvlili gzisa.
cxadia, arsebuli sinamdvilisa da cxovrebis sxvadasxva Janris
saSualebiT - lirikul leqsad an mxatvrul tilod, gardasaxva, origina-
luri xedvisa da azrovnebis Semoqmeds SeuZlia. aseTi iyo a. sulakauri.
i. amirxanaSvili maRal Sefasebas aZlevs mwerlis beletristikas da
aRniSnavs, rom: `a. sulakauri erTia im qarTvel prozaikosTa Soris, ro-
melnic gmiris moralur-zneobriv saxes sagangebod CauRrmavdnen. mis
prozaSi sevdiani ambavi Rrmad Cagvafiqrebs da salaRobo TavSesaqcevi
detalebisaTvis adgilis ar tovebs" (amirxanaSvili:, `literaturuli sa-
qarTvelo", 1985).
a. sulakauris moTxrobebis personaJTa sulier samyaros Sesaxeb isev
e. barTaia davimowmoT. kritikosma swori axsna mouZebna mwerlis perso-
naJTa qcevebis motivacias: `a. sulakauris novelebSi saerTod movlenebis

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ganviTarebas ar eqceva imdeni yuradReba, ramdenadac gmirTa fsiqologi-
ur analizs, misi gmirebis zogadi saxe geografiul garemosac ki scil-
deba da sakacobrio saxeSi gadadis" (barTaia: `axalgazrda komunisti",
1979).
a. sulakauris moTxrobebze msjelobisas TiTqmis yvela kritikosi
erTsulovnad aRniSnavs, rom maTSi aRwerili movlenebisadmi avtoris
mier gamoxatuli emocia-ganwyobilebani gulwrfeli da gulaxdilia, rac
zogjer, avtoris cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebiTac aris nakarnaxebi.
cnobili WeSmaritebaa, rom mTxrobelis saxeSi Tu calkeul personaJebSi
ar SeiZleba davinaxoT mwerlis pirovnebisa da misi cxovrebiseuli de-
talebis igiveoba, magram isic faqtia, rom nawarmoebSi avtoris piradi
gamocdilebac uciloblad aris gamJRavnebuli. `rogorc ar unda warmo-
vidginoT, - werda o. paWkoria - rom mwerali warmosaxul samyaroSi fi-
zikuri pirisagan gaTavisuflebuli Sedis da tkivilis gancdac pi-
robiTia, aris am moTxrobebSi is intonacia, swored tkivilis gancdis
sicxadeSi rom gajerebs. aq is eTikuri sawyisia ganxiluli, saidanac pi-
rovneba da Semoqmedi modis; yovel SemTxvevaSi, gamxelilia igi, ramac
SesaZloa mTeli cxovrebis manZilze gansazRvros kacis zneoba" (paWko-
ria, `ciskari", 1974: 110). a. sulakauris moTxrobebsa da romanebSi - `lu-
ka", `gabo", `mtredebi", `oqros Tevzi", `TeTri cxeni" da sxva movlenebi
ise viTardeba, rom umTavresi xdeba gmiris zneobrivi saxecvlilebis
momenti, romelic xSir SemTxvevaSi mis mkafiod gamoxatul sulier ka-
TarzisTanaa dakavSirebuli.
a. sulakauris beletristika sikeTisa da borotebis Widilis uc-
vlel arszea dafuZnebuli. avtori am or maradiul mxares ar Seiswav-
lis, calke, ganyenebulad ar aanalizebs, magram Txrobas maTi
dapirispirebis CvenebiT emociur daZabulobas sZens. a. sulakauriseuli
gmirebi sikeTis msaxurebi arian. sikeTe maTi arsebobis ganuyofeli Tvi-
sebaa.
WeSmariti mwerloba mZimed satarebeli tvirTia; arada, arc a. sula-
kaurs uvlia erTxel gakvaluli nacnobi gziT. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs 60-ia-
n wlebSi mimdinare sulieri brZolebi, saerTod, kulturaze,
xelovnebaze oficiozis ideologiuri zewola. mas, rogorc moqalaqes

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da mwerals, aRelvebda yvela is zneobrivi problema, romelic qveyanaSi
arsebobda. swamda, rom myari zneobrivi safuZvlebis gareSe erisa da
qveynis winsvla SeuZlebelia; swamda, rom mwerlis sityvas mxolod maSin
aqvs fasi da maSin aRwevs mizans, roca misi sityva da saqme erTia.
albaT, aqedan iRebs saTaves is ukompromisoba da zneobrivi maqsimaliz-
mi, romliTac aRbeWdilia a. sulakauris mTeli Semoqmedeba.
`yoveli misi nawarmoebi, - werda n. dumbaZe - Cvens ymawvilkacobaSi
Cemze raRac sulisSemZvrel idumal da raRac didi aRmoCenismagvar
STabeWdilebas axdenda. maSin Cven yvelani raRacas veZebdiT, raRacis da-
ucxromeli Ziebis survili gvawvalebda, es dalocvili ki idga trial
mindorze da sadac dahkravda bars, yvelgan raRac ganZi, Zvirfasi samkau-
li an mxolod misTvis amosacnobi palimfsesti da etrati amohqonda"
(dumbaZe: `ciskari", 1972).
a. sulakauri yovelTvis daZabulad grZnobda drois majiscemas da
ritms, Taviseburi plastikiT, inteleginturi daxvewilobiT da ucdome-
li gemovnebiT iwyebda Txrobas Tbilisis erTi patara quCidan. mis leq-
sebsa Tu moTxrobebSi mkacrma realizmma TiTqos adgili ar datova
zRaprisaTvis; da mainc, uaRresad realurad aRweril cxovrebiseul su-
raTebSi, urbanistul garemoSi igrZnoba ulevi fantazia, warmosaxvis
araCveulebrivi unari, radgan a. sulakauri imTaviTve poeti iyo. niSan-
doblivia, rom mweralma es gaTiSva `ocnebasa da sinamdviles Soris" li-
teraturuli zRapris SeqmniT daZlia.
qarTveli mkiTxveli gansakuTrebiT moxibla zRaparma `salamuras
Tavgadasavali". `misi zRapari `salamuras Tavgadasavali" egziuperiseu-
li Tanamedrove zRaparia, - werda kritikosi g. xuxaSvili, - diax, uaRre-
sad Tanamedrove da ara imitacia folkloruli zRaprebisa. `salamuras"
avtori pirdapir iwyebs saubars bavSvebTan drosa da sivrceSi arar-
sebul qondareTze, oRond am saubarSi arasodes aviwydeba dro, romel-
Sic Cven varsebobT. a. sulakaurs jera: bavSvebTan SeiZleba seriozuli
saubari seriozul ambebze" (xuxaSvili: `mnaTobi", 1971. 127).
`salamuras Tavgadasavalma" erTbaSad aaxmaura qarTuli salitera-
turo kritika. zedized iwereboda recenziebi, sadac maRal Sefasebas aZ-
levdnen am mSvenier literaturul nawarmoebs. e. yifianis azriT: `ar-

- 10 -
Cil sulakauris zRapari `salamuras Tavgadasavali" SeTxzuli, Tavidan
bolomde gamogonili ambavia, magram misi mTavari Rirseba is aris, rom aq
vercerT tyuils ver amoikiTxavT, vercerT mxatvrul sicrues ver wa-
awydebiT, amis mizezi gaxlavT Janris kanonebis zusti dacva da cxov-
rebis realuri movlenebis modelirebis unari" (yifiani: `literaturuli
saqarTvelo", 1971).
o. paWkoriam safuZvlianad mimoixila a. sulakauris mier ganvlili
samwerlo gza. mas miaCnia, rom `sulakaurma igrZno, Tu SeiZleba ase
iTqvas, erTgvari `Tematuri tavtologiis" saSiSroeba. `CuRureTis cik-
lis" paralelurad mimidnare `aqvariumis Tema" Seyovnda; detalizebuli
yofiTi wvrilmanebiT daxunZluli mwkrivi dairRva (vfiqrobT, swored
amis gamo ar daiwera `oqros Tevzis" meore wigni). gaCnda Sualedi, Tavi-
sufali are, sadac poeziasTan dabrunebis piroba Seiqmna. oRond, vidre
es Semobruneba, ase vTqvaT, poeturi produqtiT formalurad dadastur-
deboda, mwerlis SemoqmedebaSi axali Janri damkvidrda - zRapari, zRa-
par-moTxroba. gaCnda groteski, fantastikuri qveynebi da cerodena
samyaroebi, moqceuli imav yofiT arealSi, imav sagnobriv garemoSi, kon-
fliqtTa da urTierTobaTa im sferoSi, sadac, magaliTad, `zeviT da qve-
viT" da `biWi da ZaRli" Tavsdeboda (am moTxrobebSi iCina Tavi pirvelad
zRapris intonaciam)~ (paWkoria: `ciskari", 1974: 111).
o. paWkorias mier gakeTebuli daskvnebi aRiarebaa mwerlis didi ga-
marjvebisa Janrobrivi mravalferovnebis Ziebis gzaze, radgan a. sulaka-
urs erTnairad xelewifeboda Seeqmna maRalmxatvruli literaturuli
zRapari, Tu misi Tanamedroveobis amsaxveli romanebi da moTxrobebi.
`arCil sulakauri, upirveles yovlisa, zustad aRiqvams mis irgvliv ga-
mefebul da iqneb, jer kidev bundovan ganwyobilebebs, rac masTan gamok-
veTil da naTel literaturul koncefciad yalibdeba. swored, amis gamo
dgas igi bolo wlebis qarTuli literaturis yoveli axali tendenciis
dasabamTan (es ar aris gazviadeba, ase iyo poeziaSi, roca meditaciuri
lirikisaTvis iRvwoda, ase iyo prozaSi, roca analitikuri Tvalsazri-
sis dafuZnebas lamobda, roca cdilobda moTxroba-Janris damkvidrebas)
mTavari isaa, rom mas Seswevs unari Seimecnos da mxatvrulad ganaxorci-

- 11 -
elos is idumali da faruli, rac TiTqos TavisTavad arsebobs da gan-
cdilia, oRond aklia gamJRavneba" (paWkoria: `ciskari", 1974: 69).
a. sulakauris SemoqmedebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia ama Tu im movle-
nis iseTi mxriT warmoCena, romelic yvelaze arsebiTad gamoxatavs
umTavres cxovrebiseul peripetiebs, misi Taobis sulier miswrafebebs. es
viTareba ganpirobebulia misi ucdomeli, faqizi gemovnebiT. a. sulakau-
ris SemoqmedebiTi stilis es Tavisebureba ar gamoparviaT mxedve-
lobidan kritikosebs. isev otia paWkoria davimowmoT: `igi Tavisi Semoq-
medebiT yovelTvis gamoxatavda raime saerTo Tvisebas, saerTo tendenci-
as, saerTo kulturul miswrafebas, yovelTvis cxadad esmoda Taobis su-
lier cxovrebis melodia, ganwyobileba, iziarebda Taobis naklsa Tu
Rirsebas, yovelTvis eZebda moqmedi faqtorebis sulieri sibrtyeze pro-
eqtirebis formebs da icoda - yovelive es ise ubralod da pirdapir ro-
di erwymis literaturas, rogorc `erTi SexedviT Cans" (paWkoria: `ciska-
ri", 1974: 50).
a. sulakauri misi periodis qarTuli sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis cen-
trSi idga. misTvis ucxo iyo TviTkmayofileba da guldamSvideba. igi
cxovrebas Soridan macqeralis roliT arasodes dakmayofilebula. ami-
tomacaa datvirTuli mwerlis Txzulebebi misive epoqisaTvis damaxasia-
Tebeli saWirboroto sakiTxebiT. albaT, es iyo erT-erTi mizezi im didi
dainteresebisa, rasac qarTuli kritika iCenda misi Semoqmedebis mimarT.
gansakuTrebiT gaaqtiurda sazogadoebrivi azri romanis - `oqros Tev-
zis" gamoqveynebis Semdeg (1966 w.). g. gverdwiTeli Tavis werilSi `sami
avtori, sami romani" did adgils uTmobs a. sulakauris mier romanis Jan-
rSi miseuli sityvisa da azris damkvidrebis mcdelobas. igi wers: `ar-
Cil sulakauris es romani (`oqros Tevzi"), zemoTqmulis miuxedavad, su-
lac ar tovebs mZime da gamouval STabeWdilebas. romanis finalSi gmi-
rebi Tavs aRweven am garemos da Tavis momaval cxovrebas imediT
Sehyureben. masSi simboluradaa gamoxatuli am meSCanuri garemos viwro
kedlebis damsxvreva da daToc da mirianic namdvil adamianebTan kontaq-
tebs eswrafvian. yovelive amis gamo romani uTuod imediani da naTeli
perspeqtivis mqonea" (gverdwiTeli: `mnaTobi", 1966).

- 12 -
 sainteresoa b. JRentis mosazrebani, a. sulakauris romanis `oqros
Tevzis" sajaro ganxilvisas rom gamoTqva mweralTa sasaxleSi. man aR-
niSna, rom ` `oqros Tevzi" avtoris SemoqmedebiT evoluciis maCvenebeli-
a, misTvis saetapo miRwevaa. indiferentizmi arasodes yofila arCil su-
lakauris damaxasiaTebeli niSani. axla mweralma pirvelad mohkida xeli
romanis Janrs. igrZnoba rTuli mxatvruli Canafiqri, gansxvavebuli so-
cialuri xasiaTebi... aqtualuri, mwvave sazogadoebrivi problemebi, dRe-
vandeli dedaqalaqi, axalgazrda inteligencia, dramatuli koliziebi,
konfliqtebi. aq mTavaria konfliqti bnelisa da naTlisa, maRlisa da
mdabali - qvena grZnobisa... bolo dros daibada tendencia, romliTac
adamianis sulieri cxovrebis analizi, misi yofa, moqmedeba gancalke-
vebulia socialuri yofidan, sazogadoebrivi garemodan... romanis gmirebi
arsebiTsa da dids arafers akeTeben. maTi mizani ar Cans. am gmirebis
damarcxeba did saqmeTa damarcxebas ar niSnavs. mxolod gancdebis Cve-
neba ar niSnavs cxovrebis Rrmad gaazrebuli suraTebis Cvenebas" (`lite-
raturuli saqarTvelo", 2004 w. 22. V).
mweralTa kavSiris darbazSi gamarTul diskusiaze gamoiTqva sawina-
aRmdego mosazrebac `oqros Tevzis" ideuri Tu mxatvruli Rirebulebis
Sesaxeb. aRsaniSnavia am kuTxiT l. avalianis kritikuli SeniSvnebi, rom-
lebic mweralma ase Camoayaliba: `daTo ar aris Zlieri nebisyofis pi-
rovneba, igi uxerxemlo adamiania, romelic winaaRmdegobas ver uZlebs.
daTo rTul sulier WidilSi yovelTvis gamarjvebulia moralurad, mag-
ram damarcxebulia fizikurad da gareSeTa TvalSi. oqros Tevzi mokvda
- romanis pirvel nawilic gaTavda. ra gamarTleba eqneba am saTaurs Sem-
dgom nawilebSi?
`Savi nikoc" Tavis stiqiaSi ar aris naCvenebi. masze informaciebs
gvawvdis avtori sxvadasxva personaJis piriT, magram moqmedebaSi ki ver
gviCvenebs, es Seexeba platon baramiZesac. mirianis saxec burusiTaa gare-
moculi, romanis personaJebis saqcielis logikuri, fsiqologiuri moti-
vireba aklia. daumTavrebeli epizodidan epizodSi kinematografiuli ga-
dasvla avtors xels uSlis xasiaTisa da viTarebis gadasvlaSi,
mkiTxvels ki - aRqmaSi, mwerlis mxatvruli xerxebi gvafiqrebinebs, rom
igi ar aris bunebiT romanisti (`oqros Tevzis" mixedviT), `salamuris

- 13 -
TavgadasavliT" ki igi rables moswavled warmodgeba. `oqros Tevzis"
Semdeg aseTma gardasaxvam gamaoca" (`literaturuli saqarTvelo", 2004 w.
22. V). a. sulakauris romanSi `luka~ asaxuli situaciebi, personaJTa
qcevis motivacia, alegoriuloba, aseve, kritikis sagani gaxda. aseT
uaryofiT Sefasebas aZlevs am nawarmoebs mwerali r. miSvelaZe:
`samwuxarod, a. sulakaurs es moTxroba ar gamouvida. nawarmoebis
warumateblobis umTavresi mizezi gaxlavT is rom, mweralma sruliad
ulogikod da umizezod gadauxvia realisturi xatvis nacad gzas, scada
moTxrobaSi naCvenebi sinamdvilis axsna raRac naxevrad fantastikuri,
religiur-mistikuri faqtorebiT. moTxrobis saerTo xasiaTs mistikur-
simboluri garemo ar moergo, TviT avtori gaixlarTa misTvis ganucdel
da xelovnur situaciaSi. mistikurobam STambeWdavad daxatul
epizodebsac Tavisi Crdili miayena. sabolood, ki TiTqos xeli
gainTavisuflao, mweralma moTxrobis aseve mxatvrul logikas
moklebuli, xelovnuri finali mouZebna da wertili swored maSin dasva,
roca mkiTxvelisaTvis nawarmoebis umTavresi kiTxvebi pasuxgaucemeli
iyo, rac mTavaria ZiriTadad garkveuli ar gaxlavT avtoris poziciac ki
(miSvelaZe: kritika, 1973: 49). Aaxla, dRevandelobis gadasaxedidan, aseTi
Sefasebani SeiZleba ar iyos marTebuli da SeiZleba TviTon kritikosmac
erTgvarad Seicvala kidec Tavisi maSindeli pozicia, magram es da
zemoTmotanili faqtebi gviCveneben, Tu rogor Znelad mkvidrdeboda
mxatvruli gansaxovnebis is axali formebi, romlebic dRes mwerlis
gamarjvebad migvaCnia.
a. sulakauris mier romanebSi da moTxrobebSi daxatulma
personaJebma gamoxates axali idealebi, Zveli stereotipuli azrovnebis
winaaRmdeg brZolis daucxromeli paTosi. 60-iani wlebis qarTul
literaturaSi dadga maRali zneobiT aRzrdili, axali gancdebisa da
ganwyobilebis gmirebis mwerlobaSi damkvidrebis aucilebloba. Aam
kuTxiT, a. sulakauris prozaSi aSkarad igrZnoba avtoriseuli Zieba -
monaxos gza da moZebnos swori xedva, raTa gaanalizos gaorebuli ada-
mianis buneba da misi xasiaTis kontrastuloba. Cveulebriv realobaSi am
viTarebas, albaT, naklebad vakvirdebiT, magram, roca amaze wers mwera-
li da mxatvruli sityvis saSualebiT cdilobs Cagvaxedos gmiris fsiqi-

- 14 -
kis yvelaze Rrma, yvelaze farul SreebSi, mkiTxveli avtoris
TanaSemoqmedi xdeba da kiTxvebze - ra emarTeba gmirs? ratom Rebulobs
personaJi am gadawyvetilebas? ra ubiZgebs ama Tu im ucnauri saqcielisa-
ken? – roca pasuxs poulobs, avtoris mizandasaxulobac miRweulia.
me-20 saukunis 60-70-iani wlebis qarTuli literaturisadmi interesi
ukanasknel xans ukve sxva TvalTaxedvas daefuZna. qveyanaSi mimdinare
cvlilebebis kvaldakval kritikamac saxe icvala. ideologiuri
Stampebisagan Tavisufali, miukerZoebeli TvaliT gaxda SesaZlebeli zo-
gierTi nawarmoebis Sesaxeb ukve Sablonad damkvidrebuli Tvalsazrisis
gadafaseba. magaliTad, rasac socialisturi sazogadoebis e. w. mavne ga-
movlinebis, konkretulad `kombinatorebis" winaaRmdeg gamarTuli brZo-
la erqva da, romelic 60-70-ian wlebis qarTuli mwerlobis TematikaSi
erT-erTi ZiriTadi mimarTuleba iyo, mas samarTlianad uaryofiTi
Sefaseba mieca. `mainc ra iyo Cveni 60 - 70-iani wlebi da kritikul paTo-
sad da mamxileblur nakadad monaTluli qarTuli literaturis didi
nawili? - wers kritikosi r. CxeiZe - zogi ukve yavlgasuli Txzuleba,
amovardnili samwerlo cxovrebidan, rogorc isev zedapirzeve motivtive,
radganac jerac daulagebeli da Seufasebelia es xana" (CxeiZe 2001: 5).
a. sulakauris prozaul qmnilebebs rom dResac aqtiurad ganixilavs
saliteraturo kritika, amaze kargad miuTiTebs r. CxeiZis
qvemoTmotanili mosazreba: `arCil sulakauri sifrTxiliT udgeboda
kombinatorebTan brZolis problemas... jer xelisuflebas mTeli simwva-
viT ar gamoucxadebia brZola kombinatorebis, rogorc socialisturi
wyobis mtrebis winaaRmdeg da `oqros TevzSi" amitomacaa saqmosani
mkrTalad warmodgenili. igi sazogadoebrivi garemos erT-erTi Strixia,
Tumc muqi feriT Sesrulebuli, magram mainc erTi Strixi da ara ufro
meti" (CxeiZe: 2001. 50).
Maseve, gansxvavebuli Sefasebis kuTxiT sainteresoa S. CiCuas mier ga-
moTqmuli mosazrebani: `me ar moviTxov mwerlisagan iseT primitivs, ro-
goricaa `Savi niko". igi Stampis iers atarebs. mainc vTvliT, rom mwer-
lobaSi `Savi nikos" gamoCena uTuod dadebiTi movlenaa. igi laparakobs
Cveni literaturis mebrZol bunebaze. mweralma ar gviCvena rogor afa-
sebs miriani warsuls da ras apirebs igi momavalSi. miriani bundovanebis

- 15 -
burusidan unda gamoeyvana mwerals da maSin ufro naTeli iqneboda ro-
manis simbolika. daTos inteleqtualuri, kulturuli da Teoriuli ga-
remo ar iZleva imis saSualebas, rom mweralma gvaCvenos gmiris TandaTa-
nobiT gamofxizlebis, cxovrebis gamocdilebiT SeiaraRebis SesaZ-
lebloba. warmodgenebisa da sinamdvilis erTmaneTSi gadasvla, maT So-
ris zRvris moSla ar SeiZleba, daTos ar hyofnis gamarjvebis Sinagani
Zala da rwmena" (CiCua: `literaturuli saqarTvelo, 1968)
arCil sulakauris pirvelive moTxrobam `talRebi napirisken miis-
wrafian", kritikosTa didi interesi gamoiwvia. sakmarisia davasaxeloT: n.
kakabaZe - `prozaikosis dabadeba" (kakabaZe: `literaturuli gazeTi~, 1961);
b. baxtaZe - `pirveli nabiji" (baxtaZe: `literaturuli gazeTi~, 1959). g.
margvelaSvili `arCil sulakauris samyaroSi" (margvelaSvili: mnaTobi,
1977); g. kankava - `erTi weliwadi axali qarTuli prozis matianedan" (kan-
kava: mnaTobi, 1959).; n. jantiSvili - `gauxunari raindobis Zala" (jantiS-
vili: kritika, 1985) da a. S. yvela im kritikuli werilisa da gamoxmau-
rebis CamoTvla da ganxilva, romlebSic saubaria a. sulakauris roma-
nebis `oqros Tevzi", `TeTri cxeni", misi zRaprebis - `salamuras Tavgada-
savali", `cisferi iremi", `jadosnuri kaba" da SesaniSnavi moTxrobebis
Sesaxeb Zalze Sors wagviyvanda da gacdeba erTi sakvlevi Temis far-
glebs.
rogorc samecniero literaturis analizi gviCvenebs, a. sulakauris
Semoqmedeba imTaviTve qarTuli literaturuli kritikis yuradRebisa da
Seswavlis sagani gaxda. miuxedavad imisa, rom, rogorc davinaxeT,
gamoqveynebulia ara erTi RirsSesaniSnavi naSromi da werili, a. sulaka-
uris mxatvruli prozis Taviseburebebis gamowvlilviTi ganxilva dRem-
de ar qceula Cveni literaturaTmcodneebis Sefasebis sagnad. aqedan
gamomdinare Cveni naSromis mizania a. sulakauris moTxrobebisa da roma-
nebis im Tematikisa da mxatvruli Taviseburebebis warmoCena, riTac mwe-
ralma Tavisi originaluri adgili daimkvidra Tanamedrove qarTul li-
teraturaSi. sadisertacio naSromis stuqtura aseTia:
Sesavali.
Tavi I - arCil sulakauri II msoflio omisSemdgomi literaturuli
Taobis warmomadgeneli.

- 16 -
 Tavi II - realur da irealur samyaroTa urTierTmimarTebisaTvis
arCil sulakauris prozaSi.
Tavi III - arCil sulakauris prozis ZiriTadi problemebi:
Aa) daxSuli sivrcis - aqvariumis Tema.
b) omis Tema.
g) `akrZaluli warsulis~ asaxva.
Tavi IV - arCil sulakauris prozis poetikis zogierTi sakiTxi.
Ddaskvna. gamoyenebuli literatura.
naSromis mecnieruli siaxlea is, rom arCil sulakauris
Semoqmedebis kvlevis arsebul Sedegebze dayrdnobiT, pirveladaa
mcdeloba mwerlis mxatvruli prozis im Taviseburebis warmoCena-
Seswavlisa, riTac man gansakuTrebuli adgili daimkvidra XX saukunis
meore naxevris qarTul literaturaSi. naSromSi axali kuTxiTaa
ganxiluli arCil sulakauris mwerluri ostatobis mravali sakiTxi -
saxe-simboloebiT azrovnebis originaluroba, tradiciuli Tematikisadmi
gansxvavebuli midgoma, mxatvruli stilis sakiTxebi. arCil sulakauris
prozis Seswavlam cxadyo, rom man gamorCeuli wvlili Seitana im
siaxleTa damkvidrebis saqmeSi, romelTa niSniT warimarTa Tanamedrove
qarTuli prozis ganviTareba.
naSromis meTodologiuri da Teoriuli safuZvelia TvalsaCino
qarTveli mwerlebis, mecnier-literaturismcodneTa Tu fsiqologTa
mxatvrul-esTetikuri da Teoriuli debulebebi, aseve Tanamedrove
literaturuli masala, romelic exeba mwerlis SemoqmedebiT meTodsa da
misi stilis Taviseburebebs.

- 17 -
 Tavi I
arCil sulakauri - II msoflio
omisSemdgomi literaturuli Taobis warmomadgeneli

arCil sulakauri im SemoqmedTa Taobas ekuTvnoda, romelTa litera-

turuli moRvaweobis dasawyisi II msoflio omis Semdgom wlebs daemTxva.
igi am Taobis erT-erTi saukeTeso warmomadgenelia. es iyo dro, rodesac
,,mravalerovan" sabWoTa literaturaSi damkvidrebuli iyo yalbi
paTetika da idealebi. garkveuli viTarebis gamo, Cveni erovnuli
mwerlobisaTvis idga mZime periodi. miuxedavad amisa, meoce saukunis
qarTvel mweralTa 60-ianelTa Taobam aqtiuri moqalaqeobrivi paTosiT
Semoiyvana literaturaSi is gmirebi, romelTac waruSleli kvali dato-
ves me-20 saukunis qarTuli mwerlobis istoriaSi. termini `samociane-
lebi" araerTgvarovnad miiRo qarTulma literaturulma kritikam. kriti-
kosi j. Rvinjilia werda: `sul cota xnis winaT zogi skeptikosi
uaryofda `samocianelebis" arsebobas Cvens literaturaSi. ver xedavda
maT rols, ver xedavda maT gansxvavebul niSnebs, ver afasebda maT rols
literaturul progresSi" (Rvinjilia 1990: 145).
`didi depresiis xana" - pirobiTad ase uwodes qarTul literaturul
kritikaSi represiebis Semdgom periods, radgan ideologiuri marwuxebi
axSobdnen azrisa da sityvis yovelgvar Tavisufal gamoxatvas xelov-
nebasa Tu mecnierebaSi. swored, `didi depresiis" Semdeg Semoabija qar-
Tuli mwerlobaSi Tamami nabijebiT e. w. samocianelTa Taobam, romelmac
moitana axali Temebi, aaRorZina qarTuli literaturuli tradiciebi,
gamoavlina da daamkvidra cxovrebis Taviseburi, axleburi xedva, pirov-
nebis siRrmiseuli da mravalsaxovani, mravalmxrivi asaxva, Segnebulad
uaryo `socialisturi realizmis" oficialurad aRiarebuli saval-
debulo dogmebi.

- 18 -
 marTebulad axasiaTebs meore msoflio omisSemdgom periods
kritikosi a. nikoleiSvili: `ormocdaaTiani wlebis me-2 naxevridan
qarTul mwerlobis aSkara ganaxleba daetyo. es procesi arsebiTad
ganapirobes im didmniSvnelovanma movlenebma, romelTac 50-iani wlebis
meore naxevrisa da 60-ian wlebSi iCines Tavi sabWoTa kavSiris
sazogadoebriv-politikur cxovrebaSi. msoflios mowinave qveynebTan
adre maqsimalurad SezRuduli kulturuli kavSirurTierTobis
winandelTan SedarebiT gafarToebam, ideologiuri diqtaturis odnavma
Sesustebamac ki, rasac ramdenadme azrisa da sityvis Tavisuflebac
mohyva, agreTve, sxva mniSvnelobis faqtorebma gansazRvruli zegavlena
moaxdines literaturul procesis aRmavlobaSi. Sedegmac ar daayovna:
TandaTanobiT gamoikveTa mxatvruli azrovnebis ganaxlebis macne
arsebiTi tendenciebi, romelTac safuZveli moumzades XX saukunis Cvens
literaturaSi axali etapis dagvirgvinebas.
amdroindel qarTuli mwerlobis warmatebas sxvadasxva Taobas
warmomadgenlebi qmnian. miuxedavad imisa, rom 60-70-ian wlebSi ufrosi
Taobis araerTma didma warmomadgenelma daasrula sicocxle (g. tabiZe,
S dadiani, l. qiaCeli, i. griSaSvili, g. leoniZe, s. Ciqovani, k.
gamsaxurdia, p. kakabaZe, l. goTua) bevri maTganisTvis es periodi
imavdroulad SemoqmedebiTi aRmavlobis umniSvnelovanes etapad iqca;
magram 60-70-iani wlebis literaturuli ganaxlebis procesi, upirveles
yovlisa, mainc im mweralTa saxelebs ukavSirdeba, romlebic omisa da
omisSemdgom xanaSi gamodian samoRvaweo asparezze - m. lebaniZe, a.
kalandaZe, m. maWavariani, n. dumbaZe, a. sulakauri, o. CxeiZe, g.
rCeuliSvili, g. fanjikiZe, S. niSnianiZe, r. miSvelaZe, g. doCanaSvili, t.
Wanturia, j. Carkviani, v. javaxaZe da sxv.~ (nikoleiSvili 2005: 55)
a. sulakauri 90-ian wlebSi Jurnal `literatura da xelovnebis" ko-
respondentTan saubarSi samocianelebze ambobda: `literaturul Taobad
CamoyalibebaSi udidesi mniSvneloba hqonda drois faqtors. am Taobis
mxatvrul koncefciaTa erTgvari siaxlove swored drom gansazRvra.
bolos da bolos SesaZlebeli gaxda profesiis miRma adamianis danaxva.
adamianis xelaxali aRmoCenis SesaZleblobam da niWierebis xarisxma ga-
napiroba samocianeli mwerlebis mxatvruli koncefciis siaxlove. adami-

- 19 -
anis aRmoCenaSi, mwerlis Sinagani `mes" aRmoCenac igulisxmeba (sulakau-
ri, 1990).
samocianelebs hyavdaT TavianTi kritikosebi, literaturis Rrma
mcodneni, romlebmac swori Sefaseba misces da gaanalizes Tanatol li-
teratorTa esTetikuri idealebi, riTac xeli Seuwyves axalgazrda mwer-
alTa literaturul SesaZleblobaTa srulyofisa da daxvewis process.
mTavari Tavisebureba, siaxle, romliTac 60-iani wlebis axalgazrda pro-
zaikosTa Semoqmedebaa aRbeWdili, iyo is, rom mwerlobaSi saTqmelis aq-
centma socialuridan fsiqologiurze gadainacvla. im droisaTvis es
tendencia SeimCneoda, saerTod, e. w. sabWoTa mwerlobaSic. marTebuladaa
SeniSnuli, rom `literaturis istorikosi gverds ver auvlis 60-ian
dros Seqmnil prozaul Txzulebebs, romlebSic met-naklebi mxatvruli
siZlieriT asaxulia Tanamedroveoba da gacemulia mwerlis pasuxi Cveni
dReebis bevr saWirboroto problemebze" (miSvelaZe 2005: 89).
qarTveli 60-ianelebis yuradRebis centrSi ubralo, rigiTi adamia-
nebi moeqcnen. maT SemoqmedebaSi adgili daimkvidra cxovrebidan ganze
gamdgarma, ubralo, `patara" adamianebis yofam da gancdebma, maTma
sixarulma da sevdam. maradiuli adamianuri Rirebulebebisaken mobruneba
qarTuli axalgazrduli prozisaTvis niSnavda axali gamomsaxvelobiTi
saSualebebis moZiebas. Nn. dumbaZis `me, bebia, iliko da ilarionis~
(dumbaZe 1966) gamoqveynebam aRfrTovanebuli TanagrZnoba da siyvaruli
daimsaxura qarTveli mkiTxvelisa. am wigniT avtorma mkiTxvels didi
xnis natvra ausrula - qarTul mwerlobaSi gamoCndnen personaJebi,
romelTac motanes urTierTobaTa sisadave da siTbo, amave dros
iumoriTa da uSualobiT yuradReba gamaxvilda 60-iani wlebis
Tanadrouli cxovrebis bevr seriozul zneobriv problemazec.
XX saukunis 60-iani wlebis qarTuli literaturuli Taobis mier
mxatvruli siaxleebis damkvidrebisaken miswrafeba, erTgvarad
ganapiroba msoflio literaturaSi mimdinare procesebmac. evropul da
amerikul literaturas Tu gadavavlebT Tvals, aq gacilebiT adre
Caisaxa fsiqologizmi, cnobierebis nakadi, ramac Tavisi gamoxatuleba
hpova alber kamius, Jan-pol sartris, ernest hemingueis, erskin
kolduelis, uiliam saroanis, jerom selinjerisa da sxvaTa

- 20 -
SemoqmedebaSi. adamianis martoobis Temam erT-erTi ZiriTadi adgili
daikava XX s. amerikul mwerlobaSi.
`dakarguli Taoba~ uwoda e. hemingueim im omgadaxdil adamianebs,
romelTac sakuTar Tavze gadaitanes omis mTeli saSineleba. romanSi
`aRmoxdebis mze~ e. hemingueim (heminguei, 1961) didi mxatvruli
damajereblobiT aCvena Tavisi uaryofiTi damokidebuleba omisa da
Zaladobis mimarT. Mmweralma asaxvis Temad aqcia konfliqti omis qaossa
da adamians Soris, daxata Sinaganad gaorebuli, magram Zlieri xasiaTis
mqone gmirebi. e. hemingueis ostatobam didi gavlena iqonia msoflio
literaturis Semdgom ganviTarebaze. Uufro metic, rogorc aRniSnaven:
`hemingueis qarTulad gamoCenam faqtobrivad Secvala maSindeli
axalgazrduli proza. didi zegavlena moaxdina Targmnilma
literaturam zogadad qarTul poeziasa da prozaze~ (alxaziSvili:
`Cveni mwerloba~, 2009: 39) j. Rvinjilias azriT ki, qarTvelma sazoga-
doebriobam da, kerZod, literaturam dagvianebiT igrZno msoflioSi mim-
dinare, organulad gancdili sulieri Zvrebi; amitomac igi Tvlida, rom
siaxleebisaken swrafva samocianelTa SemoqmedebaSi mxolod qarTuli
sulis moTxovnilebis dadastureba iyo da sxva araferi, Tumca amave
dros, aRniSnavda, rom `axlis Ziebis, Seqmnis procesi karnaxobda axal-
gazrda mwerlebis yuri egdoT drois fsiqologiisaTvis da im sami didi
mizezisaTvisac gaewiaT angariSi, rogoric iyo: teqnikuri revolucia, me-
ore msoflio omi da mosalodneli globaluri katastrofis gancda"
(Rvinjilia 1990: 215).
msoflio literaturaSi mimdinare globalurma cvlilebebma da
msoflio politikaSi datrialebulma uzarmazarma procesebma,
Taviseburi gavlena moaxdina XX saukunis qarTuli literaturis
Semdgom ganviTarebazec. Semodis da mkvidrdeba axali Temebi, axali
literaturuli stili.
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani Tema, romelic qarTvel 60-ianelebs
anaTesavebs imdroindel dasavlur literaturasTan aris martosuli,
gaucxoebuli adamianis problema. sazogadoeba da pirovneba TiTqos
srul harmoniaSia erTmaneTTan, magram es mxolod iluziaa, sinamdvileSi
personaJebi daRlilebi, da martosulebi arian. sad unda ipovos XX

- 21 -
saukunis boboqari cxovrebis mouwesrigebeli garemoTi, urbanizmiT
daRlilma adamianma sulis simSvide? – am kiTxvaze pasuxi gaucemeli
darCa evropuli literaturis iseT cnobil warmomadgenlebs rogorebic
iyvnen alber kamiu (kamiu, 1990) da Jan-pol sartri (sartri, 2006). Mamave
dros, calke unda aRiniSnos, rom XX saukunis msofliosa da
gansakuTrebiT amerikul literaturaSi wamyvani adgili daikava
mozardis, axalgazrda Taobis safiqralisa da tkivilis asaxvam.
yuradRebis sagani gaxda ymawvilis samyaros Cveneba, romelic cxovrebas
xedavs Seuryvneli, faqizi TvaliTa da grZnobiT.
spetaki, bavSvis TvalebiT danaxuli amerika gagvacno jerom
selinjerma (selinjeri, 1968) Tavisi romanebiT. j. selenjeris
SemoqmedebaSi omi masobrivi ganadgurebis, adamianTa fizikurad da
sulierad mospobis iaraRad aris gamoyvanili, misi naomari gmiri
kontuzirebuli, fsiqikurad tramvirebuli adamiania. 60-iani wlebis
qarTul mwerlobaSi es tendenciac aisaxa. Aaxalgazrda mwerlebma da
maT Soris arCil sulakaurma dagvixates bavSvis, mozardi Taobis
sulieri samyaro, aRbeWdili cxovrebiseuli tragikuli peripetiebiT da
movlenebiT, gagvacnes maTi TvaliT danaxuli omi, borotebisa da sikeTis
Widili.
ase exmianeboda saerTo-sakacobrio problemebs, mxatvruli
literaturis saSualebiT, qarTveli adamianis tkiviliani safiqrali da
interesebi. adamianis, pirovnebis Rrma wvdoma, TanamedroveTa moraluri
saxis piruTvneli Cveneba, axali Temebis damkvidreba da originaluri
gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis Zieba - ai, ra daisaxa miznad Tavis
nawarmoebebSi qarTuli mwerlobis axalma Taobam, romelsac 60-ianelebs
vuwodebT da romlis Rirseuli warmomadgeneli arCil sulakauri iyo.
Aam viTarebis Sesaxeb j. Rvinjilia ase wers:
`magram rogorc ki am sulier ZvrebTan erovnuli qarTuli sulis da-
mokidebuleba iqca qarTuli literaturis mTavar Temad, maSin, cxadi Se-
iqna, raoden bunebrivi, organuli da TavisTavadi iyo is sityva, ris
Tqmasac apirebda qarTuli mwerloba. adamianis saerTo sakacobrio tkivi-
lebi erTiandeba qarTveli adamianis, rogorc erovnuli fenomenis, tkivi-
lebTan da interesebTan. igi aRbeWdilia dRevandelobis mZafri sulis-

- 22 -
kveTebiT, da axlac, rogorc yovelTvis, cdilobs ar CamorCes dros"
(Rvinjilia 1990: 220).
a. sulakauris Taobis siaxleebisaken swrafva, ukompromiso Semoqme-
debiTi principebis, erovnul-moqalaqeobrivi poziciebis, degradirebuli
zneobriobis aRdgenis cdaSi gamoixata. literatura TandaTan ubrun-
deboda qarTuli mwerlobis tradiciebs. amitomac ganzogadda 60-ian
wlebSi Seqmnili literatura saerTo SinaarsiT, rogorc `mxilebisa da
mitevebis" xana. siaxliT aRbeWdil moTxrobebsa da romanebSi aSkarad
igrZnoba publicisturi stili.
50-60-ian wlebSi totalitaluri reJimis simkacris erTgvarma
Serbilebam, ideologiuri zewolis odnavma Sesustebam, sabWoTa qveynis
cxovrebaSi biZgi misca oficiozisagan gansxvavebuli azrovnebis
gamoRviZebas. qveyndeba a. solJenicinis moTxroba `ivan denisoviCis erTi
dRe", Tumca mwerlobaze zewola isev grZeldeba. 70-ian wlebSi iwyeba
brZola disidenturi moZraobis warmomadgenlebsa da `saqmosanTa" wina-
aRmdeg. marTebulad wers kritikosi r. CxeiZe am viTarebis Sesaxeb: `res-
publikaSi kadrebis araswori SerCeva, korufciisa da meqrTameobis mi-
marT wayrueba, saxalxo meurneobis moSla, proteqcionizmi, mSromelTa
saCivrebis mimarT gulgrili damokidebuleba - yvelaferi es, kidev sxva
danaSaulebebi, rac 60-ian wlebs da erTmmarTvels miewereba, rogorc so-
cialisturi cxovrebis wesisagan gadaxveva, sinamdvileSi gamoxatavda
swored socialisturi normebsa da wyobilebas da yovelTvis iyo niSan-
doblivi sabWoTa saqarTvelos yofisaTvis - manamdec da mas Semdegac"
(CxeiZe 2001: 16).
qarTvel mweralTa didma nawilma, nebsiT Tu uneblied, mxari
dauWira qveyanaSi moralur-zneobrivi klimatis gajansaRebis mtkicebas.
TiTqos daviwyebulia wyena partiis mimarT, mSoblebis represirebis gamo,
aTasobiT udanaSaulio qarTvelis sikvdilisa da katorRaSi gamwesebis
gamo.
`Tqven ebrZodiT saqarTveloSi WeSmaritad erovnul mwerlobas da
mecnierebas", - am brals wauyenebs zviad gamsaxurdia saqarTvelos
komunistebis maSindel Tavkacs - samagierod, aayvaveT `murtalo-kukara-

- 23 -
Cebis" da Semwvari `nekebis" cru literatura da antierovnuli mecnie-
reba" (CxeiZe 2001: 19).
rogorc aRniSnaven, saxelmwifom da masTan erTad mwerlobam omi ga-
moucxada sakuTari mosaxleobis erT mcire nawils - `kombinatorebs",
`saqmosnebs", romlebsac anaqronizmad da `axal burJuaziad" naTlavdnen.
socialistur azrovnebasa da moCvenebiTi ZalisxmeviT, yalbi idealebiT
nasazrdoeb yofas aSinebda axali cxovrebis wesisa da zneobriv miswra-
febaTa damkvidreba, masSi sazogadeobriv ganwyobilebaze zemoqmedebis
saSiS tendencias xedavda; sabWoTa ideologebi mixvdnen, rom e. w.
`burJuaziis" praqticizmi, dauSreteli energia, moqmedebisunarianoba
Zirs uTxrida miTs kapitalizmis `sidamplisa da gaxrwnilebis" Sesaxeb.
60-70-ian wlebSi saxelmwifo dakveTiT da xelisufalTa zewoliT
araerTi tendenciuri nawarmoebi gamoqveynda iseTi cnobili qarTveli
mwerlebisa, rogorebic iyvnen n. dumbaZe (`maradisobis kanoni"), guram
fanjikiZe (`Tvali patiosani", `meSvide ca~), a. sulakauri (`pawawina nig-
zvis toti"), r. WeiSvili (`Cemi megobari nodari") da sxvebi; magram es iyo
politikuri cxovrebis erTi mxare, romelmac Taviseburi asaxva hpova
imdroindel literaturaSi; Tumca am tendencias xeli ar SeuSlia ze-
moTCamoTvlili mwerlebisaTvis SeeqmnaT mamxilebeli paTosiT ganmsWva-
luli maRalmxatvruli nawarmoebebic, romelTac Tavisi Rirseuli adgi-
li daimkvidres XX s. qarTul mwerlobaSi.
60-iani wlebis axalgazrduli prozis TiTqmis yvela warmomadgenel-
ma Tavisi individualurobiT gaamdidra am periodis qarTuli literatu-
ra. amave dros, maSin bevrs laparakobdnen axalgazrda mwerlebis ucxou-
ri literaturiT gatacebaze. erovnuli literaturis tradiciebis
nihilistur damokidebulebaze da a. S., magram drom yvelasaTvis Tvalsa-
Cino gaxada, rom 60-iani wlebis axalgazrda mwerlebis Semoqmedebas upi-
ratesad erovnul niadagSi hqonda fesvebi gadgmuli da iqidan
Rebulobda sasicocxlo Zalas.
yoveli axali literaturuli Taoba erovnuli mwerlobis garda
uxvad sazrdoobs (da unda sazrdoobdes kidec) sakacobrio kulturis
saganZuriT, siaxlis mTavari mastimulirebeli ki Tanamedrove msoflios
saukeTeso mweralTa miRwevebia. ase iyo maSinac, roca a. sulakauri movi-

- 24 -
da qarTul prozaSi. `arc imis Tqma SeiZleba, TiTqos 60-iani wlebis qar-
Tulma prozam ar ganicada ama Tu sxva gamoCenili Tanamedrove mwer-
lebis metnaklebi gavlena, nayofieri zemoqmedeba. Tumca, cxadia, es uf-
ro maRali saxis WeSmariti SemoqmedebisaTvis saWiro da SesaZlo gakve-
Tili iyo, romelic arc ase iolad miiReba da arc ase martivad mimsgav-
sebaSi mJRavndeba" (gverdwiTeli `mnaTobi", 1981: 119).
siaxlis damkvidrebis miswrafebiT mwerlobaSi Semosulma axalma
Taobam kidev erTi, mxolod misTvis niSandoblivi Tviseba Semoitana -
daxvewili profesionalizmi, sakuTari stili da xelwera: `samociani
wlebis qarTuli mwerloba pirovnebis sulier samyaroSi CarRmavebis
gziT ganviTarda. es procesi warmatebiT grZeldeba dResac. mwerlobam
Tavi daaRwia saxotbo ganwyobilebebs da yalb paTetikas. misma niWierma
warmomadgenlebma ZiriTadad gansazRvres qarTuli mwerlobis dRevande-
li saxe da misi uaxlesi momavlis perspeqtivebi" (paWkoria 1974: 81).
a. sulakauris Tanamedrove literaturulma Taobam qarTul prozaSi
Semoitana lirikis elementebi. unda iTqvas, rom qarTul mwerlobaSi es
ar iyo axali, tradiciebs moklebuli movlena. a. sulakauris mxatvrul
prozaSic Zalumad igrZnoba poeturi stili, aq yvelaferi, rac mkiTxvel-
ze Zlier STabeWdilebas axdens, Tavisi genezisiT poezias ganekuTvneba.
rogorc aRvniSneT, mwerali prozaSi poeziidan movida da Tan mohyva li-
rikisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli weris manera.
a. sulakauris pirveli moTxroba 1957 wels daibeWda. es iyo Jurnal
`ciskris" dabadebis weli da egreTwodebul `ciskrelTa" anu qarTul
mwerlobaSi axalgazrda Taobis mosvlis xana. a. sulakauri am wlebSi
Jurnal `mnaTobis" redaqciaSi muSaobda. misi redaqtoris, axalgaz-
rdobis didi qomagisa da damrigeblis simon Ciqovanis mzrunveli Tanad-
gomiT iyo garemociuli. Tavis axal nawarmoebebsac metwilad am Jurnal-
Si aqveynebda. miuxedavad amisa, igi `ciskrelTa" Taobas miekuTvneba.
a. sulakauris Taobis kritikosi s. caiSvili werda: `aRsaniSnavia, rom
arCil sulakaurs rogorc pirovnebas, mwerals, imTaviTve hqonda iseTi
Tviseba, romelsac sxvebisTvis sWirdeba da mxolod gamocdilebasTan
erTad modis. arCils pirvelive gacnobisTanave, me momeCvena da vgoneb,
arc Sevmcdarvar, rom mas ukve moeswro Tavis TavSi daeTrguna moumwi-

- 25 -
febeli azrebiTa da saeWvo ganaTlebiT fonis iolad gasvlisadmi midre-
kileba, rac, samwuxarod, arc Tu iSviaTi xilia axalgazrdobis wlebSi.
mis sityvas yovelTvis fasi hqonda, radgan fiqrsa da dakvirvebaze iyo
aRmocenebuli. es iSviaTi niWi beWediviT azis mis mSvenier leqsebsa da
cxovrebiseuli codniT ganmsWvalul moTxrobebs, mTel mis Semoqmedebas"
(caiSvili 1990: 105).
sainteresod axasiaTebs mwerlis mier ganvlil gzas mkvlevari l. ar-
CvaZec: `arCil sulakauri im mweralTa ricxvs ekuTvnis, romelTa Semoq-
medebac erovnuli literaturis fesvebzea aRmocenebuli da tradiciul
formebTan erTad siaxlis utyuari niSniTaa aRbeWdili. Zlierma poetur-
ma impulsma gansazRvra misi, rogorc mwerlis Tavisebureba. arCil sula-
kauris Semoqmedeba leqsidan moTxrobamde Sinagani winaaRmdegobebiT aR-
savse, Zneli da rTuli gamodga da mainc, aris raRac Zlieri da lamazi,
rac saerTo maxasiaTeblad gamodgeba misi poeziisa da prozisaTvis. misi
poezia Taviseburi aRsarebaa, gamxelili tkivilia, Cumi dialogia saku-
Tar TavTan da mkiTxvelTan, romelTanac misvlas gasaocari sisadaviT
da ubraloebiT aRwevs" (arCvaZe: `literaturuli saqarTvelo", 1992).
a. sulakauris SemoqmedebaSi, poeziasa Tu prozaSi erTnairad ig-
rZnoba saTqmelis gadmocemis axali formis Zieba. mis poeziaSi gamoxatu-
lia lirikuli gmiris TviTSemecnebis tkiviliT Tu sixaruliT aRsavse
gza. swored, am viTarebis Sesaxeb werdnen: `Cven, marTalia, xSirad gvig-
rZvnia poeziaSi gulubryvilobis, miamitobis momnusxveli mSveniereba,
magram, vin icis, iqneb nakleb mimzidveli ar iyos swored gansjiTi inte-
leqtualuri cnobierebis Semotana poeziaSi. aris raRac uaRresad
momxibvleli azris iseT aRzevebaSi, mis srul da ganuyofel gam-
geblobaSi, mis unarSi - wonasworobis daukargavad moigerios grZnobad
impulsTa Semotevebi" (gverdwiTeli: `mnaTobi", 1981: 156)
a. sulakaurisaTvis Tavidanve ucxo iyo yalbi paTetika, myvirala
frazebi. niSandoblivia, rom qarTuli miwisa da mamulis siyvarulis
STagonebiT dawerili misi pirvelive leqsi `nu gaTaTrdebi" sevdiTa da
rwmeniT aRavsebs mkiTxvels.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, a. sulakauri 60-ianelTa im Taobas ekuT-
vnoda, romelTa samwerlo debiuti meore msoflio omis Semdeg Sedga;

- 26 -
amitom bunebrivia, rom misi lirikuli gmiris sulieri samyaro omgamov-
lili, `dakarguli Taobis" WrilobebiT iyo aRbeWdili. amasTan erTad
isic unda iTqvas, rom mwerlis msoflmxedvelobisaTvis ucxoa sulieri
krizisi, Tumca sevda da melanqoliuri ganwyobileba xSirad xazgasmu-
lad SeigrZnoba mis nawarmoebebSi.
mwerlobaSi a. sulakauris pirveli nabijebis Sesaxeb sainteresod
mogviTxrobs kritikosi g. gverdwiTeli: `maxsovs, universitetis xalxiT
gaWedili saaqto darbazi sulganabuli rom usmenda arCil sulakaurs,
maSin jer kidev studenti, igi scenaze idga da dafiqrebiT, dinjad,
dabali xmiT, sevdianad da morcxvad, TiTqmis CurCuliT gvikiTxavda sa-
kuTar leqsebs. mere erTbaSad ifeTqebda darbazi da veRar itevda axal-
gazrda poetis Tayvanismcemeli studentebis mozRvavebul emociebs. Wabuk
poets ki darbazi manam ar micemda saSvels, sanam leqss `nu gaTaTrdebi"
ar waikiTxavda" (gverdwiTeli, `mnaTobi", 1981: 10). a. sulakauri jer kidev
sruliad axalgzarda axerxebs daimkvidros Tavisi adgili Cvens mwer-
lobaSi. misi marTali sityva erTnairad Zlieria leqsSic da prozaSic.
marTebulad migvaCnia mwerlisa da kritikosis r. miSvelaZis mosazreba,
romelic man a. sulakauris 70-iani wlebis poeziaze dakvirvebis Sedegad
gamoTqva: `me momeCvena rom es leqsebi poetis SemoqmedebiTi gzis organu-
li nawilic aris da Tavisi temperamentiTa da melodiurobiT gansxva-
vebuli, xmac ufro sevdiani, ufro wynari, Wabukuri vnebebisagan Tavisu-
fali da alag mwuxare reqviemiviT Taviseburad momxibvleli da damafiq-
rebelia" (miSvelaZe 1990: 15). Aa. sulakauris, rogorc 60-iani wlebis
literaturuli Taobis gamoCenili warmomadgenlis, mwerlobaSi `sabWoTa
evropeizmis~ (g. margvelaSvili) damamkvidreblis Semoqmedeba kidev
mravaljer iqneba gansjisa da Sefasebis sagani. SeiZleba gaCndes
erTgvari daukmayofileblobis grZnoba, rom misi Tanamedrove qarTuli
kritika bolomde ver Cawvda mwerlis prozaul qmnilebebSi arsebul
alegoriul qveteqstebs, mis mTavar saTqmels, romelic im SemTxvevaSi
iqneba SesaZlebeli, Tu kompleqsurad SevxedavT im sirTuleebs, romelic
mweralma dasZlia simbolur-metaforuli gansaxovnebis saSualebiT.
a. sulakauri 60-70-iani wlebis literaturuli Taobis Rirseuli war-
momadgeneli iyo. man icxovra Tavisi epoqisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli rTuli

- 27 -
cxovrebiT; misi sityva yovelTvis iyo datvirTuli azriT, originaluri
saTqmeliTa da siyvaruliT adamianebisadmi.

Tavi II

realur da irealur samyaroTa urTierTmimarebisaTvis

arCil sulakauris prozaSi

arCil sulakauris prozis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani mxatvruli

Tavisebureba sizmriTa da winaTgrZnobiT ganpirobebuli movlenebis
Sesaxeb Txrobaa, romelSic personaJTa xasiaTebi upiratesad maT mier
warmosaxuli fantaziiT warmoCindeba. mwerali saTqmels xSirad ise
gvawvdis, rom mis `amosacnobad" dafaruli qveteqstis erTgvari `gaSif-
vra" gvWirdeba. am kuTxiT sainteresoa a. sulakauris SemoqmedebaSi sinam-
dvilisa da warmosaxulis mimarTebis sazRvrebis dadgena, maTi urTier-
TkavSiris mxatvruli logika.
a. sulakauris prozaSi ambavi isea gadmocemuli, rom xSirad
waSlilia zRvari warmosaxul samyarosa da yofiT sinamdviles Soris.
personaJebi cxovroben da moqmedeben rogorc realur, aseve TavianTi
ocnebiT Seqmnil sizmriseul garemoSi. aq warmosaxuli realobas
enacvleba, avsebs, misi gagrZelebaa, an piriqiT. asea es moTxrobebsa da
romanebSi `oqros Tevzi", `TeTri cxeni", `luka", `abelis dabruneba",
`gabo" da sxva. sinamdvilisa da fantaziis, warmosaxulis mimarTebaze
jer kidev antikuri droidan msjelobdnen xelovnebis sxvadasxva dargis
warmomadgenlebi, literatorebi, filosofosebi. miiCneven, rom ramdena-
dac warmosaxvam Seqmna samyaro, swored, warmosaxva marTavs mas. warmo-
saxva usazRvroa maSin, roca sinamdviles mxolod misi umniSvnelo nawi-
li ukavia. mweralma unda SeZlos am ori urTierTdapirispirebuli
samyaros Sexvedris saidumlos amocnoba (kamiu 1990: 100).
a. sulakauri Tavis nawarmoebebSi (sulakauri 1975; 1988; 1986) cdilobs
Rrmad Caswvdes gmiris Sinagani samyaros urTules niuansebs da, swored,

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am mizniT xatavs igi misi personaJebis mier warmosaxul garemosa da maT
irealur xilvebs. mwerals mkiTxvelis analitikuri gansjis samsjavroze
gamoaqvs gmiris Sinagan samyaroSi mimdinare fisqologiuri kataklizmebi.
sizmriT adamianis qvecnobieri samyaros gamovlenis formas, a. sulakauri
mimarTavs rogorc erT-erT mxatvrul xerxs - ganaviTaros siuJeti an
gmiris xasiaTi axali kuTxiT warmoaCinos.
sizmris ucnauri bunebis axsna sxvadasxva mecnierTa kvleva-Ziebis
sagnadaa qceuli. `vin ar icis - aRniSnavda, d. uznaZe, rom sizmarSi sao-
cari ambebisa da SemTxvevis mowmeni vxvdebiT. iq empiriulad SeuZlebeli
da warmoudgenelic realuri sinamdvilis saxes Rebulobs, iq yvelaferi
xdeba da xSirad bevri ram iseTic, rac arsebiTad ewinaaRmdegeba adamia-
nis azrovnebas. survilebis-nebelobis moTxovnilebis da misdami kriti-
kuli damokidebulebis nasaxic ar SemiCneva" (uznaZe 1958: 34). sainteresoa,
rom Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSic aqcevdnen yuradRebas sizmris bunebas,
mis arss. ioane petriwi ase ayalibebs mizezebs, romlebic iwveven siz-
mrebis xilvas: `samni saqmeni sizmarTa gvauwyeben: pirveli igi wmindaTa
ars uwyeba, xolo meore eSmakTa ars boroti. da mesame ars naxsovni dRi-
sisaTa saqmeTa xsovna, raca SemhTxveodes vis" (petriwi 1968). sulxan-saba
orbelianis ganmartebiT, sizmari `ars Zali sulisa mSvinvierisai da ra
daeZinos sxeulsa, suli mSvinvieri da suli gonieri ara mZinare ars da
suli gonieri zraxvn Tavsa Soris Tvissa da gonierebiTa ganicdis rais-
ca" (orbeliani 1993: 88). sizmari a. sulakauris personaJebisaTvis aris
realobis Canacvlebis, masTan dapirispirebis saSualeba, sasurveli
oreuli im garemosi, sadac isini moqmedeben da cxovroben. moTxrobebSi
da romanebSi - ,,oqros Tevzi", ,,TeTri cxeni", ,,luka", ,,abelis
dabruneba", ,,gabo" da sxva sizmari da xilva saSualebas aZlevs
personaJs Seqmnas iluzia, riTac daupirispirdeba im mikrosamyaros,
romelSic daZabul adamianur urTierTobebze damyarebuli
mouwesrigebeli cxovrebiseuli garemo arsebobs.
berikaci - Zveli memanqane gabo (`gabo") svaneTis ubanSi martodmarto
cxovrobs. misi erTaderTi imedi patara SviliSvili gugutaa, romelic
susti ZafiviT akavSirebs am samyarosTan moxucis sicocxles. gabos
sixaruli da bedniereba warsulSi CarCenila, amitomac mxolod sizmri-

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seul CvenebebSia berikaci Tavisufali, kvlav axalgazrda, sicocxliTa
da energiiT aRsavse moagrialebs orTqmavals, romelsac samocdaCvidmeti
vagoni aqvs gamobmuli, im vagonebSi ki ocdaSvidi aTasi mgzavria: `gabos
tangauxdels sZinavs, ZilSi matareblebi uxmoben isev. gabo, ga-bo, ga-bo?
gabriel? dafeTebuli wamoiWreba da miayurebs. saxli zanzarebs,
fanjris minebi zrialebs. es ukve namdvili matarebelia, iseTi, TviTon
rom daaqrolebda xolme liandagebze. sivrceSi orTqmavlis kivilisa da
borblebis dgandgaris xmebi datova, xmebi sakvirveli siswrafiT Sor-
deboda berikacs da sadRac Sors inTqmeboda - mZafri suni igrZno. Ddag
– dug, dag-dug. guli ucemda gabos... gza mieciT, matarebeli modis, Zve-
li, beberi matarebeli qSeniT, qoTqoTiT, dagadugiT modis... memanqane se-
mafors gaxedavs, RameSi mwvane Tvali anTia. gza gaxsnilia, modis dgan-
dgariT, grial-grialiT... win didi sadguri egebeba, naTeli, maRali baq-
nebiT egebeba didi sadguri. gza, ... gza! modis Zveli, beberi matarebeli"
(`gabo~)*.
sizmari berikacs imitom uyvars, rom is, rasac igi eltvis, mxolod
iq aris misTvis misawvdomi, iq mSviddeba misi dramatuli vnebaTaRelva.
aseve, mravlisdamtevi da fsiqologiurad daZabulia lukas fantazia
(`luka"). nawarmoebSi mozardis cxovreba ar aris datvirTuli martooden
irealuri gancdebiT. igi moqmedebs, ibrZvis TviTdamkvidrebisaTvis,
iswrafvis axlis Secnobisaken. romanis CarCo TiTqos imeorebs cxovrebas.
amdenad, personaJi ar aris SemosazRvruli mxolod fiqrebis, ocnebis
garemoTi, gaucnobierebeli impulsebiT. mwerali mogviTxrobs ambavs, ise,
rogorc es sinamdvileSi xdeba. ambis qronologiuri mdinareba areguli-
rebs nawarmoebis TiToeul komponents. a. sulakauri sagangebo yurad-
Rebas aqcevs siuJetis ganviTarebis motivirebas, roca erTi moqmedeba me-
oresTan mizez-Sedegobrivad aris dakavSirebuli. magram, xSirad
TxrobaSi ambis mosalodnel ganviTarebas win uswrebs sizmari da xilva,
rogorc momavlis mauwyebeli da mimaniSnebeli. ase, magaliTad, obol
biWs dedis simRera esmis:
`mowyda, moeSva, Tavi sakuTar mklavze miasvena. oTaxis siRrmidan sim-
Rera moesma, albaT deda mReroda:

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*aq da sxvagan a. sulakauris mxatvruli teqstebis citirebisas, davasaxelebT mxolod
nawarmoebis saTaurs

`mouoxeT, batonebo, batonebo, mouxoeT...

lamazi batonebia, ia da vardi hfenia"...
lukam didi mwvane mindori dainaxa, yvavilebiT mofenil mindorze TeT
ri cxvari da Txis jogi gamoCnda. Txis jogSi erTi lamazi TeTri Tika-
ni SekuntruSda da Sexta" (`luka~). lukas sizmari erTgvarad
winaswarmetyvelebs imaze, rom biWis momavali sasikeTod warimarTeba,
magram isic miniSnebulia, rom am sikeTemde misaRwevad msxverplad
Sewirvis, tarigis gza iqneba gasavleli. mwerali asaxavs oboli biWis
gancdebsa da Rrma dramatizmiT aRsavse bavSvobis wlebs. biWis mSfoTva-
re suli TavSesafars xSirad irealur samyaroSi poulobs. igi Tavs afa-
rebs sizmriseul zmanebebsa da xilvebs, sadac misi pirovneba
Tavisufali da amayia. biWebTan Cxubis Semdeg luka warmosaxul samyaro-
Si axorcielebs mas, rac sinamdvileSi ver SeZlo:
`bogdanam etli gaaCera. jer luka da maiko Casxa, mere TviTon avida
da maT Soris moTavsda.- saiT? - ikiTxa meetlem.
- CuRureTSi - upasuxa bogdanam.
etli daiZra. aseT fufunebas biWi ar eloda. im SiSisa da da-
Zabulobis Semdeg uecarma siamovnebam moTenTa da moaduna. siamovnebas
gvrida etlis neli rweva, cxenebis floqvTa Tanazomieri TqaraTquri, me-
etlis veeberTela tani... saxlebi swrafad garbodnen ukan, saxlebi da
trotuarze mosiarule adamianebi.
ei, luka! - dauZaxa uceb viRacam. luka gadaixara da Tanaklaseli da-
inaxa, uCa Savdia. uCa gamwarebuli mosdevda etls, Tan CanTas moiqnevda.
saocrad gaxarebuli iyo, lukas eZaxda, xels uqnevda, lukamac dauqnia
xeli. etli kidev erT lukas Tanaklasels daewia, merme - meores. axla
ukve samni misdevdnen... etls adevnebulTa ricxvi gaizarda. yiJiniT mos-
devdnen etls, raRac gaurkvevels eubnebodnen lukas, lukasac uxaroda -
ra uxaroda? uceb moeCvena, rom es asec unda momxdariyo. gamarjvebuli
brundeboda Sin da sxva riTi unda dabrunebuliyo Tu ara etliT; magram

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meore dRes moxda yvelaze saocari ram - lukas klaselebidan arcerT
biWs ar gaxsenebia guSindeli triumfatori, rac lukaSi did gaocebas
iwvevs. igi veRar garkveula sizmari iyo guSindeli misi Tavgadasavali
Tu sinamdvile. Tumca mTavari aq es ar aris, mTavaria - lukas Seusrul-
da ocneba. man ganicada bednieri wamebi, igi amayad da gamarjvebulad
grZnobda Tavs. mis etls klaseli biWebi SuriT adevnebdnen Tvals da
aRtacebulebi ukan mosdeven~.
sizmarSi drois SegrZneba gauqmebulia, wuTSi SeiZleba mTeli saaTis
saTqmeli Caetios. sagnebi hipertrofirebulia. zogi sizmari ise Searyevs
pirovnebis fsiqikas, rom mis mexsierebaSi wlebis manZilze cocxlobs. am
mxriv sainteresoa daTo naTiSvilis sizmari (`oqros Tevzi"). igi aSkarad
Seicavs winaswarmetyvelur miniSnebas, romlis axsnasac avtori mTel ro-
manis manZilze cdilobs:
`daTos Tvlema moeria... qudebis maRaziaSi miriani, niko korinTeli
da daTo, ratomRac, erTad Sevidnen. daTosaTvis qudi unda eyidaT.
gamyidveli eZebda, magram ver miagnes, uceb moesmaT qalis xma, romelic
Zalian hgavda cicinos xmas: - aq mxolod bavSvis qudebi iyideba -
mxolod bavSvis qudebi iyideba - bavSvis qudebi iyideba. niko korinTeli
mainc Sevida daxlSi da qudebis gadmolageba daiwyo. merme yvela maTga-
nis morgebas cdilobda daTos Tavze. yvela qudi patara iyo, niko korin-
Teli mainc axuravda. daTo wvalobda, itanjeboda. bolos sul patara
zomis qudi amoarCia mirianma. nikom ZaliT Camoacva es qudi daTos. qudi
Sublsa da kefaze uWerda, sunTqva aRar SeeZlo, Tanac tkivilis gamxela
akrZaluli hqonda". cudad auxda daTo naTiSvils es sizmari. niko ko-
rinTelma aTasgvari SemovliTi gzebiT scada daTo Tavisi gavlenis qveS
moeqcia, `Tavisi qudi moergo misTvis", magram daTo droze miuxvda avka-
cobas da CamoiSora.
mwerlis poeturi bunebis Tavisebureba sizmris TxzvaSic vlindeba.
simboloebiTaa datvirTuli patara biWis sizmaric moTxrobaSi `biWi da
ZaRli":
`mtkvris napiri daesizmra: viTom nagazi napirze datova da TviTon
talRebSi Securda. talRebi Cveulebrivze didi iyo da Tbili. Ronivrad
aisrola biWi zeviT, merme daaqanebda, daqanebisas sunTqva ekvroda, mag-

- 32 -
ram es imdenad sasiamovno iyo, xandaxan yiJinac ki aRmoxdeboda... merme
talRebma nacnob aivnis win Caatares biWi... mtkvarze gadmokidebul aivan-
ze aravin Canda. carieli iyo. uceb moajirs gamoeyuda SavulvaSiani me-
loti kaci, romelsac Savi, wvrili Tvalebi hqonda. melot kacs ulva-
Sebi swrafad ezrdeboda, nawnavebiviT CamougrZelda ulvaSis boloebi
ukve mdinares wvdeboda, talRa xvdeboda, aqanavebda. biWs SeeSinda, swra-
fad mitrialda da napirisken mousva. rogorc iyo, Tvali mohkra napirs,
magram napirze ZaRli aRarsad Canda. mTeli ZaliT usvamda mklavebs,
talRidan talRaze gadadioda, maRla asrolili napirs gaxedavda.
riyeze qvebi TiTqos gazrdiliyvnen, uzarmazar lodebad qceuliyvnen"
(`biWi da ZaRli").
moTxrobaSi aRwerili sizmriT a. sulakaurma kargad gviCvena patara
gias rTuli urTierToba garesamyarosTan, misi brZola gadarCenisaTvis.
aq sizmari subieqtis, sizmris mnaxvelis cnobierebiTaa Seqmnili da gar-
kveul biZgs iZleva siuJetis Semdgomi ganviTarebisaTvis. a. sulakauris
personaJebis momavali bedi umetesad sizmrebiTaa gacxadebuli. am gziT
mwerali axerxebs nawarmoebSi emociuri muxtis SenarCunebas, riTac did
zemoqmedebas axdens mkiTxvelze. yovelive es ki aSkarad aniWebs mis pro-
zas poetur elfers, maRalmxatvrul Rirebulebas.
yvela zemoT dasaxelebuli sizmari TiTqmis dasrulebuli, calke
ambavia, romelic simboloebiTaa datvirTuli. sizmarSi nanaxi sagnebi,
gancdili ambebi meordeba personaJis cxovrebaSic, amitom igi momavlis
winaswarmetyvelebacaa; magram zogjer pirovnebas ar esmis xilvis iduma-
li ena, ver igebs gangebis saidumlo niSnebiT metyvelebas, sizmris saxiT
nawinaswarmetyvelebi momavlis Sesacnobad misi gonebis kari daxSulia,
igi realobis tyvea. a. sulakaurTan sizmari aris SemaerTebuli samsWva-
li warsulisa da momavals Soris. swored, aseTi sizmari ixila
moTxrobis - `Jami dasvenebisa" gmirma guramma: `merme, etyoba, mzem
gaabrua da waTvlima... didxans dacuravda wyalqveS lorwovan da moCva-
rul wyalmcenareebs Soris. wyali momwvano iyo, gamWirvale. irgvliv fe-
rad-feradi Tevzebi dasralebdnen, da zRvis siRrmeSi SemoRweul mzis
sxivze TvalismomWrelad elvarebdnen, gadmokarkluli didi TvalebiT
akvirdebodnen ufro sxeuls, Tan fantastikuri sakravebiT ucnaur, uCveu-

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lo xmebs gamoscemdnen, gurams ukvirda, wyalSi sunTqva rom ar uWirda.
oRond curvis dros sxeulze lorwovani wyalmcenareebi ewebeboda da
zizRiT iSorebda. guli ereoda. icoda, sadRac rom unda misuliyo, mag-
ram ar icoda sad. bolos bnel gamoqvabuls miadga da gaCerda. gamoq-
vabuli uceb mwvaned ganaTda da siRrmidan gamovida mwvane qali, romel-
sac Tavze didi meduza exura. kidurebis nacvlad wyalmcenareebi ga-
mobmoda. wyalmcenareebi ganuwyvetliv irxeodnen, narnarad moZraobdnen
da mwvane qals erT doneze akavebdnen. gurams araviTari grZnoba ar da-
uflebia, civad misCereboda am ucnaur arsebas da moTminebiT elo-
deboda, ras etyoda. mwvane qali xmas ar iRebda. mkacrad umzerda gurams
saxeSi. merme es simkacre, TandaTan ganelda da TvalebSi Caudga naRveli,
romelic sayvedurismieri iyo" (`Jami dasvenebisa"). moTxrobaSi aRwerili
es sizmaric personaJis momavlis aSkara winaswarmetyvelebaa. amave dros
sizmarSi ganfenilia guramis daukmayofilebeli moTxovnaTa da ltolva-
Ta safuZvelze Seqmnili ganwyobilebani. mTavari gmirisaTvis sizmarSi
nanaxi mdgomareoba misTvis sasurvelia da misaRebi. sagulisxmoa, rom
sizmari, garkveuli individualurobiTac aris daRdasmuli. igi xels
uwyobs personaJis xasiaTis gaxsnas - miuTiTebs mis iseT Tvisebebze, ro-
goricaa sizarmace, umoqmedoba, cxovrebis sruliad arcodna da zogjer
gulubryviloba. aRsaniSnavia, rom: `sxvadasxva ganwyobis aRmoceneba Cven-
Si maSinac xdeba, Tu dRis ganmavlobaSi Cven vRebulobT Zlier an mra-
valjerad STabeWdilebebs da am Zlieri STabeWdilebebiT ganmtkicebuli
ganwyobilebis moqmedeba SeiZleba TavisTavad xdebodes ara mxolod
sifxizleSi ocnebis saxiT, aramed Zilis drosac sizmarSi. saqme is aris,
rom ganwyoba garkveuli aqtivobisaTvis Sinagani mzaobaa, romelic Zilis
mdgomareobaSic SeiZleba iyos SenarCunebuli da saTanadod moqmedebdes
kidec" (uznaZe 1958: 123).
TiToeuli sizmari, romelic mwerlis mier nawarmoebebSia aRwerili.
garkveuli mxatvruli mikrokompoziciis mqonea, radgan gaaCnia Tavisi
mcire siuJeti.
a. sulakaurs Tavis moTxrobebsa da romanebSi Semohyavs iseTi perso-
naJebic, romlebsac TavianTi konkretuli mxatvruli mizandasaxuloba
gaaCniaT - idumalebis niSniT arian aRbeWdilni. aseTnairni arian saba da

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anano, romanidan `TeTri cxeni". berikaci ananos Sesaxeb ozos eubneba: `eg
dedakaci gulTmisania, sxva wyali aqvs gadasxmulio~. ozo, romelic
sityva `gulTmisans~ zRapruli gmirebis gazviadebul epiTetad miiCnevda,
dafiqrda, radgan `es ucnauri sityva exeboda realurad arsebul
adamians~. `sxva wyali aqvT gadasxmuli~, agreTve, jorjaZes da bogdanas
romanidan `luka".
romanSi `luka" mTavari gmiris cxovrebis yvelaze daZabul periodSi
gamoCndeba mamamisi gogi jorjaZe da maleve qreba. jorjaZis gaqroba ro-
manidan moulodnelia, Tavisebur `daumTavrebel finalsa" da gaurkvev-
lobas qmnis. saqme isaa, rom jorjaZe, pirobiTad rom vTqvaT, zRaparuli
personaJia. misi roli efeqturia, magram gansazRvruli. man wonasworoba
da samarTali unda aRadginos. gogi jorjaZe ararealuri personaJia,
ufro metic, iqneb igi sulac lukas warmosaxvaSi dabrunda saxlSi.
zRapruli personaJia Tavad bogdanac. saocaria am qalis unari mov-
lenaTa arsis wvdomisa. bogdana ucTomlad grZnobs xifaTis moaxloebas
da iqidan aqtiurad eZebs gamosavals. bogdana sikeTis hipostazia roman-
Si.
gansakuTrebul rols TamaSobs lukas warmodgenaSi mTvarisas saxe.
mTvarisa gmiris sulieri Relvis, asakobrivi cvlilebebis Sedegad Seq-
mnili xorcSesxmuli saxea da gamoCndeba, swored, personaJis ukiduresi
fsiqikuri daZabulobis dros. mTvarisa izidavs, xiblavs, amSvidebs fan-
taziaaSlil mozards:
`uZilo Ramisa, Tevzaobisa, panaSvidisa da gauTavebeli da cxeli
gzisagan ukve ise iyo daqanculi da daretianebuli, rom fexze dgoma
aRar SeeZlo, Tvlema moeria... lukam windawinve icoda, rom alayafis ka-
ri Ria daxvdeboda da, roca saavadmyofos miuaxlovda, kari, marTlac,
Ria aRmoCnda. daubrkoleblad Sevida ezoSi, nacnob fanjaras Cauara da
auzTan SeCerda. auzsac eRvreboda mTvaris naTeli da oqrosfrad liv-
livebda. luka uceb SekrTa. sxeuliT igrZno, rom gisosebian fanjaras
mTvarisa moadga. swrafad mibrunda da garkveviT dainaxa wyvdiadidan ga-
mosuli SiSveli, oqrosferi sxeuli. miZinebuli grZnobda da ara marto
grZnobda, danamdvilebiT icoda, rom es yvelaferi sizmari iyo. vidre
ZilSi amas fiqrobda, mTvarisa gisosebiani fanjridan gadmovida da lu-

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kasaken gamoeSura. mSvidi da netari Rimili efina saxeze. am netarebas
albaT lukas xilva aniWebda. luka aRelda, aTrTolebul guls ucnobi
grZnobis Tbili talRa miexeTqa da mTel sxeulSi Jruantelis momgvrel
Sxefebad ganibna. mTavarisa mivida, orive xeli moxvia lukas" (`luka~).
lukasaTvis mTvarisa iyo qalSi xorcSesxmuli idumali xati, erTgva-
ri saxe-idea, romelic sicocxlis bolomde darCeboda mis mexsierebaSi.
bolomde amoucnobi darCa lukasaTvis am qalis arseboba - ararsebobis
saidumloeba. Tumca garkveuli xibli am Seucnoblobasac gaaCnda. es
asazrdoebda mis fantazias, uRvivebda survilsa da swrafvas dafarulis
xilvisaken.
lukasaTvis ganuyofelia ocneba da realoba. ocneba sinamdvilidan
gaqcevis erTaderTi gzaa, im gamogonili samyarosaken, romelsac a. sula-
kauris sulieri dramatizmiT aRsavse personaJebi afareben Tavs da TiT-
qos mweralic Tavis personaJebTan erTad imas Wvrets, rac maT fantazia-
sa da warmosaxvas eTanxmeba.
samyaros saidumloebaTa ufro naTlad warmosaCenad dResac araerTi
mwerali mimarTavs miRebuli adamianuri qcevis normebidan gadaxris
mqone personaJTa Semoyvanas nawarmoebSi. gia lomaZis moTxrobis
`TabaSiris kaci~ mTavari gmiric `sazRvarze mdgari adamiania~, visTvis
giJia, zogisTvis ki - savsebiT wynari da keTili meocnebe. am moTxrobas
ori mTavari personaJi hyavs: qaliSvili manon lasaura da fsiqiatriuli
saavadmyofos binadari `TabaSiris kaci~ (lomaZe, `ciskari~, 1981).
erTxel SuaRamiT, qalaqis binaSi awkrialda telefoni da manons
magiur xmebad gamoecxada TabaSiris kaci. ZiriTadi siuJeturi xazi aris
ori adamianis mistiuri dialogi, magram rogorc TandaTan rwmundeba
mkiTxveli, moTxrobas hyavs mesame da amasTan erTad mTavari gmiric - es
aris industriuli qalaqi, Tavisi restornebiT, stadionebiT, hakerebiT,
meZavebiT, saerTaSoriso aeroportiT, troleubusebiT, qarxnebiT da
ZeglebiT. mwerali ar gvTavazobs civilizaciis romantikas, piriqiT,
TiTqos gaucxoebulad warmogvidgens kidec mas.
krizisul cnobierebis dasaZlevad, gauxeSebuli sulis
gasanedleblad, garemosTan erTianobis aRsadgenad adamiani
instiqturad ubrundeba miTebs, legendebs, religias. romantikosi

- 36 -
TabaSiris kaci ver egueba teqnokratiul realobas da, amitom, nervozisa
da fsiqozis samyaroSi, sazogadoebis TvalSi giJad Cans.
frangi mwerali Jan-pol sartri novelaSi `oTaxi~ (sartri, `xomli~,
1969) gviCvenebs, rom giJebis samyaro arafriT gansxvavdeba normaluri
adamianis samyarosagan. misi gmirebi Caketilebi arian TavianT
warmosaxul sivrceSi, sadac sruli harmonia arsebobs irealur da
realur yofierebas Soris.
zemoTCamoTvili nawarmoebebis gmirebi, arsebiTi ar aris romeli
qveynis Svilebi arian, an romel epoqaSi cxovroben, isini Zalian hgvanan
erTmaneTs, TavianTi miamituri, meocnebe da daukmayofilebeli
grZnobebiTa da vnebebiT.
literaturis istoriam mxatvrul pirobiTobis ufro saocari
magaliTebic icis: gardacvili mefis aCrdili hamlets esaubreba (u.
Seqspiri), nevis prosperqtze cxviri daseirnobs (n. gogoli), kaci mwerad
iqceva (f. kafka), adamians bunebis xma esmis (vaJa fSavela) da a. S.
a. sulkauri Tavisi nawarmoebis gmirad irCevs giJs - mTvarisas (`lu-
ka"). aq moTxrobilia idumali kavSiris Sesaxeb cis mnaTobs, mTvaresa da
adamians Soris, romelTac esmiT erTmaneTis. romanis am epizodSi aris
cda mweralma axleburad axsnas samyaro, imaze meti daanaxos mkiTxvels,
vidre es man misi cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebiT icis.
`lukam Tavi moabruna da Tavzardacemuls kinaRam muxlebi moekveTa,
iqve, marcxniv sruliad SiSveli qaliSvili Ria fanjaras mosdgomoda,
rkinis gisosebisaTvis TavzeviT xelebi Caevlo da lukas misCereboda
naRvliani, didi momwvano TvalebiT - lukas sircxvilisagan saxe aelewa
da scada, SiSveli sxeulisaTvis ar Seexeda. monusxuliviT idga da adgi-
lidan ar iZvroda. magram Tvalebi lursmani ar aris, rom erT wertils
miaWedo. xedvis are gacilebiT farToa, vidre wertili, romelsac miSte-
rebixar. TmagakreWili Tavisa, saocrad nazi, fermkrTali da lamazi
saxis garda luka xedavda SiSvel mklavebs, or TeTr borcvsa da maRla-
aSveril didsa da vardisfer ZuZusTavebs.. qaliSvili welamde moCanda
Ria fanjris rux CarCoebSi gamokveTili...
...me mTvaris var. gagigonia aseTi saxeli: mTvarisa? aba? TbilisSi
vcxovrob, verharnis quCaze... wadi Cemebs Seatyobine, rom me aq var... isic

- 37 -
uTxari tkivilebic awuxebs-Tqo, tkivilebi marTla mawuxebs, biWo... mTe-
li sxeuli mtkiva... oRond RamRamobiT... es tkivilebi mTvaris bralia...
- saocari tkivlebi mawuxebs, biWo. RamRamobiT mTeli sxeuli
erTbaSad amtkivdeba, oRond sxvadasxvanairad. Tavic mtkiva, Tvalebic,
xelebic, mkerdic, welic, fexebic... sxeuli ToTxmet nawilad dameSleba
da yoveli nawili cal-calke mtkiva... rogorc ki daRamdeba da mTvare ga-
moCndeba caze, tkivili Tavis amorCeul nawils moakiTxavs, magram me vi-
ci es risi bralic aris. RamRamobiT mTvarec xom ibzareba da irRveva na-
wilebad. aba, kargad daakvirdi darRveuli mTvaris yovel nawils Cems
darRveul sxeulTan aqvs kavSiri. Cven erTnairad virRveviT... amitom
mtkiva sxeuli da es yovelive mTvaris bralia" (`luka~). giJi mTvarisas
es monologi mistiuri SegrZnebiTaa datvirTuli, radgan mas eCveneba,
rom nawilebad iSleba da garesamyaros uerTdeba. swored, aseTia sizma-
reuli yofa. mTvarisas sxeulis nawilebad daSla miTosur planSi war-
moadgens aRdgoma-ganaxlebis process da am aRorZinebis sibrZnes biWsac
aziarebs. es xom adamianis ukvdavebis, maradisobis, sicocxlis zeobis
daucxromeli rwmena da miswrafebaa.
Aa. sulakauris asaxvis aseT manerasTan SeiZleba davakavSiroT XX
saukuneSi Zalze popularuli koncefcia, romlis Tanaxmad is, rac
iwodeba normad aris garemos zemoqmedebis Sedegi; ar arsebobs
kriteriumi, romelic dahyofs `normalursa~ da `paTologiurs~.
SeSliloba miiCneva `transcendentur gamonaTebad~, aramiwieris
gamovlenad, amitom mkurnaloba zedmetia. sulis ararealuri xilvebiT
avsebas ki iwvevs personaJis Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi arsebuli
daZabuli, konfliqturi urTierTobebi.
cnobilia, rom mistikosebi TviTCaRrmavebis, sakuTar sulSi CaZirvis
saSualebiT cdilobdnen da cdiloben im siRrmeTa wvdomas, rac ubralo
mokvdavTaTvis miuwvdomelia. mxatvruli literaturac am siRrmeebis,
idumali samyarosaken mimavali uxilavi gzebis maradiuli maZiebelia. a.
sulakauri SemTxveviT ar irCevs giJs, igi xom umTavresad Cveulebrivi
yofiT ar cxovrobs. giJis sulis kari gaxsnilia iracionaluri
xilvebisaTvis. gavixsenoT sandro cirekiZis moTxroba `mTvareuli". aqac
personaJad giJs irCevs avtori, rogorc bunebis uSualo nawils. igi mov-

- 38 -
lenebs aRiqvams uSualod da Cveulebrivi adamianuri gansjis gziT. aqvea
warmodgenili kavSiri mTvarisa da adamianisa, romelTac esmiT erTmane-
Tis. SeSlilobis stadiaze adamiani TiTqos aRidgens im saxes, romelic
hqonda ucodvelobis Jams, sanam borotisa da keTilis xis nayofs ige-
mebda.
T. dostoevski romanis `danaSauli da sasjelis" personaJi svidriga-
ilovi ambobs: `moCvenebebi sxva samyaroTa nawyvetebi da naglejebia, maTi
dasawyisi. janmrTeli kaci, rasakvirvelia, ar saWiroebs maTs danaxvas
imitom, rom namdvili Svilia igi dedamiwisa da cxovrebaSiac mxolod
amqveyniurad unda cxovrobdes, rom wesiereba ar dairRves, magram Tu od-
nav avad gaxda, dairRva normaluri miwieri wesi misi organizmisa, maSin-
ve Tavs iCens imqveyniuri arsebobac da ramdenadac ufro Zlier avad
aris adamiani, imdenad ufro meti saSualeba eZleva imqveyanasTan
Sexebisa. sikvdilis Semdeg xom pirdapir im qveynis mcxovrebi xdeba"
(dostoevski 1959: 313).
aq oriode sityva unda vTqvaT warmosaxvis bunebis Sesaxeb. d. uznaZis
Teoriis mixedviT, `adamianis qceva sruliad ar aris sinamdvilis im viw-
ro ariT SezRuduli, romelic awmyosa da warsulSi mocemuliT ganisaz-
Rvreba. igi mocemulobis zRudeebs arRvevs da axal sinamdviles qmnis.
amis SesaZleblobas mas warmosaxva, anu fantazia aZlevs. Cven ar
vkmayofildebiT imiT, rac obieqturadaa aRqmisa da mexsierebis Sinaarsis
saxiT mocemuli, Cven fantaziis saSualebiT axali Sinaarsebis warmo-
saxvas viwyebT, axal warmodgenas vqmniT, romelsac aRqmaSi mocemuli
obieqturi sinamdvilis asaxva ki ara, piriqiT, misi farglebis gafar-
Toeba da axali sinamdvilis Seqmna aqvs miznad dasaxuli" (uznaZe 1958:
104)
sinamdvilis aseTi saxiT gansaxovneba imTaviTve warmogviCina qar-
Tulma literaturam – gavixsenoT ioane sabanisZis gmiris, sasikvdilo
gzaze mimavali abo Tbilelis uZlieresi warmosaxva, rocaA Wabuki abo
Tavis Tavs rogorc mkvdars, ise miacilebs; anda - `rome vefxi mSvenieri
saxed misad damisaxavs, amad miyvars tyavi misi, kabad Cemad mominaxavs" –
ambobs `vefxistyaosnis~ gmiri tarieli Tavis satrfoze. naTelia, Tu ro-

- 39 -
gor irRveva `mocemulobis zRude" da satrfo mis warmodgenaSi xdeba
`vefxi mSvenieri".
`lukas" Sinaarsi, romanSi asaxuli movlenebi da ambavi gamoricxavs
lukas sulier avadmyofobas, Tumca misi fsiqikac urTules asakobriv da
sazogadoebriv zewolas ganicdis, daZabul zRvramde midis. igi mZime su-
lier gancdebSia, magram es yvelaferi normis farglebSi eteva, anu am
SemTxvevaSi paTologia sruliad unda gamoiricxos. Tanamedrove fsiqo-
logias es urTulesi movlenac aqvs axsnili: `zogjer Tavisi axirebis
gamo grZnobebis zemoqmedebis Sedegad warmosaxva TviTneburad qmnis sa-
survelis suraTxats, magram masve ZaluZs ufro naTlad gamoavlinos
adamianis WeSmariti suraTxatic" (rubinSteini 1957: 56)
paralelebs, roca vavlebT mxatvruli Tu samecniero literaturidan
zemoTmoyvanil magaliTebs, fsiqologTa dakvirvebebsa da a. sulakauris
SemoqmedebaSi asaxul personaJTa qcevebsa da warmosaxvebs Soris, sainte-
reso daskvnebis gakeTeba SeiZleba – msgavseba da Tanxvedra aSkaraa. Aam
kuTxiT mniSvnelovania moTxroba `abelis dabruneba" da masSi naCvenebi
`fsiqologiuri portreti". abeli TviTonve elis sakuTari Tavis dabru-
nebas gadasaxlebidan. arsebobs gaorebis amgvari gancdac, fizikuri
mdgomareobisa da sulieri ganwyobis ukiduresi dapirispireba; roca ka-
ci TviTonve xedavs sadRac, Sors darCenil Tavis Tavs da morCilad
elodeba mis dabrunebas. abeli dums, man kargad icis, ras warmoadgens
drois pirobiToba, isic icis, TviTon ramdenadme miaRwia zedroulis ga-
gebas. gancdebSi myof abels uCndeba warmosaxva, romelic sustad emorCi-
leba azrovnebis kritikul kontrols. azrovnebis kritikul kontrols
ar emorCileba ananos warmosaxva (`TeTri cxeni"). ananos gulTmisan qa-
lad icnobdnen sofelSi. igi cxadad xedavda momavals, yoveli misi wi-
naswarmetyveleba sityva-sityviT auxda ozos: `omi ukve male damTavrdeba
da mamaSenic dagvibrundeba, dabrundeba da wagiyvans... Sen im droisTvis
skola geqneba damTavrebuli da swavlis gagrZelebasac moindomeb... es
kargia, ozo, sxvagvarad rogor iqneba, me ki aq marto davrCebi... daixso-
me... didi xnis sicocxle aRar miweria, didxans aRar vicocxleb!.. me rom
movkvdebi, swored wlisTavze Cemi Zma sandro, mamaSeni gayidis am saxls,
kar-midamos, yvelafers, rac Cvens gvarsa da jilags, Cvens mama-papaT uSe-

- 40 -
nebiaT, uSenebiaT wminda ofliTa da marTali xeliT... Sen erTxel kidev
Camoxval, Camoxval mamaSenTan erTad, roca me am qveynidan abargebuli
viqnebi... Cems dasamarxad CamobrZandebi, ozo, egec saqmea... magisTvisac
madlobeli dagrCebi~ (`TeTri cxeni~)". SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom xSirad a.
sulkauris prozaSi aRwerili movlenebi mwerlis Sinagani samyaros, sa-
kuTari gamocdilebis mxatvruli ukufenaa. es momenti yvelaze gamokveTi-
lad Cans moTxrobaSi `pawawina nigzvis toti". am moTxrobaSi mTavari
gmiri uCinari xdeba. ra Tqma unda, gmiris uCinarobas simbolur-alegori-
uli funqcia gaaCnia. personaJi SemTxveviT moxvedril ucxo sazoga-
doebaSi movlenebsa da situaciebs gaucxoebuli, izolirebuli mdgoma-
reobidan xedavs da akontrolebs. gmiri aris da arc aris; igi kargavs
materialur saxes da irealur samyaroSi arsebobs.
romanis `oqros Tevzis" mTavari gmiris daTos cnobierebaSi gaCeni-
li warmosaxuli xatic naklebad emorCileba kritikuli kontrolis
unars, cotaTiRa uwevs angariSs realobas da fantastikis burusiT
ifareba. daTo naTiSvils Tavisi martosulobis dasaZlevad idealiz-
ebuli, warmosaxuli samyaro mouZebnia. aq, mis mier gamogonil samyaroSi,
buba eSbasTan sulieri megobrobiTa da urTierTobebiT imSvidebs Tavs
misi gafaqizebuli da mgrZnobiare suli: `yvavilebis maRaziaSi mixakebi
iyida da bubasTan wavida. buba axalgaRviZebuli daxvda, karg gunebaze
iyo, damSvidebuli saxe hqonda. yvavilebi magidaze daawyo daTom da skami
sawolTan daidga. guSin rom waxvedi - uTxra bubam, - saSineli simartove
vigrZeni. kidev kargi cota xnis Semdeg Seni megobari eqimi Semovida, bev-
ri macina, Tqveni bavSvobis oinebi miambo,...
- mTavaria, morCe. ra mniSvneloba aqvs, rodis gamoewerebi, me sul
SenTan viqnebi, aRar mogawyen... dReidan mainc Tavisufali var, samuSaod
aRar wavedi, buba... Sen rom ar menaxe, SeiZleba arc ki damenebebia Tavi
mag samuSaosaTvis".
daTo naTiSvili imiTaa gamorCeuli, rom misi cnobiereba gamudmebiT
ivseba axali fantaziiT, igi sagnebisa da movlenebis iqiT ixedeba da
cdilobs Cveulebriv, erTferovan yofaSi dainaxos araCveulebrivi,
ganimsWvalos garSemomomyofTagan gansxvavebuli gancdiT da
STabeWdilebebiT. daTos cxovrebaSi momxdari Zireuli cvlilebebi,

- 41 -
samsaxuroebrivi konfliqtebi Tavis daRs asvamen mis pirovnebas. nerviu-
li daZabuloba iwvevs stress, imedgacruebis gancda ki pirovnebaSi pro-
vicirebas ukeTebs fantaziis gacxovelebas. gamomdinare aqedan, personaJi
iZulebuli xdeba realur samyaros gaeqces da fantazias Seafaros Tavi:
`daTo msubuqad Sexta fanjaraze. fanjara Ria iyo da pirdapir
quCaSi gavida. TviTon ukvirda ise Tavisuflad dadioda haerSi,
namdvilad sizmarSi varo, fiqrobda. aguris kedlebs miadga. erTgan
aguri iyo gamovardnili da xeli Tavisuflad Seeteoda. es unda
yofiliyo beRurebis bude, romelic zurikom aRmoaCina, daTom Rrmad
Seyo budeSi xeli, mklavi mTlianad Seetia, magram bolomde mainc ver
miawvdina, arada icoda beRurebi Sig iyvnen. ra unda eqna, cota gaiar-
gamoiara da saxuravze dadga. saxuravidan quCas gadmoxeda. quCa xalxiT
iyo gaWedili, civi da arafrismTqmeli TvalebiT umzerdnen daTos,
rogor dadioda karnizze. daTom am xalxis SeSineba moindoma.
telefonis mavTulze Sefrinda da zed daiwyo sirbili da sriali, Tan
amas ise akeTebda, viTom sacaa fexi damicdeba da dabla gadmovvardebio,
xalxi ar SeSinebula, piriqiT, TiTqos ufro mets moeloda daTosgan,
imedebic ki gaucruvda. daTo telefonis mavTulidan cas daekida
kbilebiT, rogorc akrobati cirkis TaRs da Tavbrudaxveuli triali
daiwyo... gamwarebuli trialebda gasaocari siswrafiT trialebda...~
`oqros Tevzi~).
Asamyaros aseTi gancdis dadasturebaa daTosa da buba eSbas gamogo-
nili urTierTobebi, lukasa da mTvarisas warmosaxviTi megobroba, pata-
ra gias xilva, gabos sizmari, ananos sizmari da winaswarmetyvelebani.
cnobilia, rom sizmari iseTi fsiqikuri movlenaa, romelic imTaviTve pi-
robiTobas Seicavs. sizmarSi vlindeba qcevaTa aracnobieri motivebi,
adamianis faruli da miCqmaluli survilebi. sizmarSi cnobiereba Tavi-
suflad moZraobs da yovelgvari barieri moxsnilia. igi saxeebiT azrov-
nebaa. amitom masSi amotivtivebuli yoveli nivTi, yoveli qceva-moqmedeba
Tu wuxili simboluri azris matarebelia. Llukas pirovnebad
Camoyalibebis procesi, biWis qvecnobieri ltolva momavlis
Secnobisaken, kargad Cans am monakveTSi:

- 42 -
 `lukas mTeli Rame marTla ar sZinebia. borgavda, wvalobda, xandaxan
wasTvlemda. waTvlemils SiSveli mTvarisa esizmreboda. oRond mTvarisa
axla rkinis gisosebSi gamosvlas rogorRac axerxebda da oriveni,
mTvarisa da luka, mklavebgayrilebi daseirnobdnen saavadmyofos ezoSi.
auzi lurji, gamWvirvale wyliT iyo savse da Sig oqros Tevzebi
dasrialebdnen. ucnauri Sinagani biZgebi aRviZebda. mere isev Tvlema
moereoda da axla ukve lurj, kriala auzSi oqros Tevzebis nacvlad
luka da mTvarisa dacuravdnen.
sizmriseuli auzi, rogorc Cans, gacilebiT didi iyo vidre is,
saavadmyofos ezoSi rom naxa – amomSrali da danagvianebuli. anda
sizmarSi TviTon pataravdebodnen, radgan auzSi mTvarisas curviT
dasdevda da ver iWerda. magram es devna, Tu ltolva mTvarisasaken
warmoudgenel, jer ganucdel netarebas aniWebda. mTvarisa wyalSi
TevziviT dasrialebda, Tan ambobda: ra bednierebaa mTvareSi banaoba... es
xom mTvarea, biWo, Cven, mTvareSi davsrialebTo...~ (`luka~).
z. friodis mixedviT (froidi,1995; `saunje~,1987) adamianebi
aracnobierSi malaven TvianT primitiul da zneobrivad miuwvdomel
survilebs. ZilSi cnobierebis cenzura ramdenamde Sesustebulia da maT
saSualeba eZlevaT sizmriseul cnobierebaSi gamovlindnen, magram
vinaidan pirovnebis garkveuli kontroli ZilSic SenarCunebulia,
akrZaluli ltolvebi saxes icvlian da sizmarSi SeniRbuli, simboluri
saxiT warmogvidgebian.
a. sulakauris prozaSi tradiciuli `fsiqologiuri motivireba" Sev-
sebulia `aracnobieri motivirebiT" - e. i. `cnobierebis fsiqologizms"
enacvleba aracnobieris fsiqologizmi. personaJTa sulis siRrmiseuli
mxareebis wvdoma xorcieldeba simboloebiT da alegoriebiT. aq xiluli
da uxilavi samyaro erTmaneTSi gadadis, avsebs erTmaneTs. daTo
naTiSvils eCveneba, rom TviTonaa minis WurWeli da is aris mizezi
oqros Tevzis Tavisuflebis SezRudvisa. DdaTom `erTxel ucnauri
sizmari naxa. viTom uzarmazar minis WurWlad iqca da mziT ganaTebul
SuSabandis kuTxeSi idga. piramde iyo savse momwvano wyliT. momwvano
wyalSi dasrialebda didi, grZelfarfliani oqros Tevzi. martodmarto
dacuravda. daTo tkiviliviT grZnobda: mis sxeulSi wrialebda ucxo

- 43 -
arseba. amave dros, imasac grZnobda, rom TevzisTvis TviTonac ucxo iyo.
oqros Tevzi wuxda, Tavis daRweva undoda, magram amaod awydeboda minis
gamWvirvale kedels~ (`oqros Tevzi~). personaJs aseTi ganwyoba sxva
situaciaSic vlideba. Mmas iqamde miiyvans obivateluri garemo, rom
sruliad udanaSaulos, eufleba sakuTari danaSaulis gancdac ki..
ananos warmosaxva romanidan `TeTri cxeni", aseve
winaswarmetyveluri miniSnebebiTaa savse. anano cxadad xedavs, rogor
gangmira tyviam misi, Soreul mxareSi myofi, saqmro. igi darwmunebulia
sakuTari xilvis namdvilobaSi. man icis, rom momxdars veRaraferi Sec-
vlis:
`ozo, - ukve nacnobi xma gavigone, - weRan rom giTxari gaTavda-meTqi
yvelaferi, uecari tkivilis gamo ar miTqvams...- isev gaCumda da Cafiqrda,
mere xmadabla ganagrZo, TiTqos eSinoda misi naTqvami visme ar gaegona:
`saba daiRupa... me es vigrZeni da gameRviZa... ara, cxadad davinaxe, rogor
daeca, rogor gatexa tyviam, ... fui! etyoba ver Sevabrune bedis borbali,
Cemi bediswera ega yofila!.. ra kaci waiqca, RmerTo! rogor gaimete, ro-
gor gaimete?!" (`TeTri cxeni~). ananos cnobierebaSi xdeba aracnobierisa
da cnobieris Serwyma da es momenti avtors damajereblad aqvs asaxuli,
Tumca anano, rogorc personaJi, realurad moazrovne qalia, magram misi
arCveulebrivobac faqtia, mas `sxva wyali aqvs gadasxmuli~..
sizmrebi, bavSvuri warmodgenebi, suliT avadmyofi personaJebis
xilvebi a. sulakauris beletristikaSi gamoxataven adamianebisaTvis jer
kidev bolomde miuwvdomel qvecnobier ltolvaTa dabinduli siRrmeebis
idumalebis mSvenierebas, gadaviwyebul, magram pirovnebis individua-
lobis ganmsazRvrel mZafri vnebebis silamazes. aseTi rigis mSveniereba
da silamaze azrsa da Zalas aZleven, saerTod, adamianTa arsebobas da
saerTod, cxovrebas. personaJTa aracnobieri fsiqika inaxavs pirve-
loyofil, ucodvel da miTosur warmodgenebs, sicocxlis gancdis araC-
veulebriv unars, riTac mwerals gadavyavarT Tanamedroveobidan miTo-
sur samyaroSi. am kuTxiT niSandoblivia mamlis gafrenis epizodi roman-
Si `TeTri cxeni":
`mamali mousvenrad wrialebda, raRacnairad SeSfoTebul xmebs ga-
moscemda, Tan Tvali sul cisken gaurboda, TiTqos qori dainaxa da

- 44 -
axla `mrevls" afrTxilebda, - ariqa, Tavs uSveleT, cidan safrTxe ge-
muqrebaTo. ananom ratomRac fanjara gamoaRo, mamalma `yeli moiRera",
dasayivleblad waigrZela kiseri, magram yivilis nacvlad ucnauri xma
amouSva, gabzaruli, xrialsa Tu xrotinis msgavsi, TiTqos uecrad suli
aRmoxda ara marto mamals, aramed iqaurobasac... uceb TvalnaTliv davi-
naxe, wiTelma mamalma rogor icvala feri da gaocebulma ananos mivxede:
naRvlianad dafiqrebuli anano miwas dascqeroda. me isev mamals mi-
vapyari mzera, Tvalebs ar davujere; sabZlis saxuravze wiTlis nacvlad
yoraniviT Savi mamali SemarTuliyo... da vidre me gaocebis sityva wamom-
cdeboda, swrafad gadaevlo bostans, venaxs, alvis xeebs da gauCinarda"
(`TeTri cxeni~). ozosagan gansxvavebiT ananosaTvis sruliad gasagebia
mamlis saxecvlileba, radgan sikvdilis winaTgrZnoba asociaciurad,
swored, Savfers SeiZleba daukavSirdes, miTumetes, rom wiTeli mamali
sabas moyvanil iyo. romanis finalSi saba cocxali brundeba; magram aq
mniSvnelovania ara, Tu ramdenad gamarTlda ananos winaTgrZnoba, aramed
is, rom sikvdil- sicocxlis azrs ozo unda Cawvdes swored mamlis
daxmarebiT, romlisaganac is sulis sazrdos Rebulobs, rac SemdegSi
cxovrebasTan mis damokidebulebas gansazRvravs (jantiSvili 1984: 214).
am epizodSi mweralma mamlis jadosnuri saxecvlilebiT simbolur-
alegoriul planSi aCvena winaswarmetyvelebisa da adamianis Sinagani in-
tuiciis Tanxvedris aucilebloba. mwerali damajereblad gvisabuTebs,
rom Cvens irgvliv arsebobs aracnobieri samyaro, romlis aRqmac
mxolod ananos msgavs adamianebs xelewifebaT.

- 45 -
 Tavi III

arCil sulakauris mxatvruli prozis

ZiriTadi problemebi

a) daxSuli sivrcis - aqvariumis Tema

a. sulakauris nawarmoebebis personaJTa moqmedebis areali, samyaro,

romelSic isini cxovroben, mwerlis mier moazrebulia erTgvar gamoq-
vabulad, Caketil wred, aqvariumis kedlebiT SemosazRvrul sivrced.
amas gulisxmobs igi, roca erT leqsSi wers:
`Sen eZebs imas, rac ar gWirdeba
arc Sen da arc sxvas, qveynad aravis.
mogveaxleba fuWi dideba
damTrgunveli da gulSemzaravi.
me SemiZlia giTxra bolomde
is, rac arvisTvis miTqvams arodes...
raa keTili, raa boroti
ra unda gwyindes, ra gixarodes.
ra aris sivrce, ra aris Jami
ratom mosulxar qveynad abuCi,
rad mimzers Seni TvalebiT Rame
da ratom vcxovrobT gamoqvabulSi".
gamoqvabulisa da Caketili sivrcis paradigmas mwerali Tavis nawar-
moebebSi rogorc prozaSi, aseve poeziaSi, araerTxel ubrundeba. es
ganwyobileba, msoflaRqmis es modeli mas poeziidan gadmohyva. saidan
modis poetisa da mwerlis SemoqmedebaSi SemosazRvruli sivrcis gan-
cda? ram misca biZgi mis Casaxvas poetis cnobierebaSi? - garegani, socia-

- 46 -
luri faqtoria, realobidan momdinare gancdiTaa nakarnaxevi, Tu Sinaga-
ni - sulieri samyaros Tanamdevi Tvisebaa? - ai, kiTxvebi, romlebic pa-
suxis gacemas iTxoven. a. sulakauris prozis samyaroSi ganfenili Suq-
Crdilebi aSkarad migvaniSneben cxovrebaSi arsebul
urTierTdapirispirebul mxareTa erTgvar Widilze, adamianis ga-
ucxoebaze arsebuli yofis mimarT. arsebobis sazrisis Zieba, samyaros
Secnobis mtkivneuli procesis Cveneba a. sulakauris Semoqmedebis, ker-
Zod, mis mxatvruli prozis niSandoblivi Tvisebaa. gmiris xasiaTis
Rrmad wvdoma, misi fsiqikis labirinTebSi mogzauroba da warmosaxuliT,
fantaziiT Canacvleba arsebuli sinamdvilisa - mwerlis stilis
Taviseburebaa. am viTarebis safuZveli ki a. sulakauris urbanistul
msoflgancdaSia mosaZiebeli. urbanistuli msoflgancdis erT-erTi yve-
laze sagulisxmo niSani, ki aris personaJisa da garemosamyaros urTier-
TobaTa sirTule, dapirispireba, gaucxoeba.
a. sulakauri mkveTrad mijnavs ra erTmaneTisagan garesamyarosa da
pirovnebas - maT warmogvidgens iseT mxatvrul mTlianobad, romelSic
qveteqstis saxiT Cans aSkara Tu faruli winaaRmdegoba, mZafri Widili,
RirebulebaTa gadafasebis miswrafebiT gamsWvaluli Zalisxmeva. asea es
moTxrobebSi `oqros Tevzi", `xidi", `didTovloba", `Zveli ambavi", `Jami
dasvenebisa", `luka", `zeviT da qveviT", `biWi da ZaRli~, `pawawina nigvzis
toti~, `didi sefedavle~ da a.S. gmirisaTvis, sxvaTaTvis Cveulebrivi
yofiTi garemo, xSirad, `aravisia", `sxvaa". amis gamo garesinamdvilesTan
misi yoveli Sexeba metad mtkivneuli, dramatuli aqtia. aqedan gamomdina-
re personaJTa fsiqologiis ganmsazRvreli faqtoria urbanistuli sinam-
dvilisagan gaucxoveba, misi daZlevisaken mimarTuli Zalisxmeva.
EerTferovani garemo, cxovrebis SeCveuli ritmis monotonuroba, axSobs
mis samoqmedo sivrces. guramis Tvalwin `erTi da igive meordeboda,
dausruleblad meordeboda erTi da igive, oRond sxvadasxva niuansebiT,
sxvadasxva JReradobiT, sxvadasxva motivebiT. es iyo TiTqos fataluri
garduvalobis daJinebuli xmebi.
gurami wignebze ijda gaunZrevlad.
maRali fiWvebi, didi da sufTa ca gaaxsenda.

- 47 -
 vinc SeCveulia yoveldRiur, wvrilman fusfuss, albaT, aq ar wamova,
iq usasrulobas Tvali unda gausworo. usasrulobas ver warmoidgen,
marto gonebiTac ver miwvdebi, unda igrZno kidec. es TiTqmis
SeuZlebelia. xolo Tu SesZeli, jer SeZrwundebi, Tavzari dagecema, mere
ki im sivrceebs TviTon moicav~ (`xidi~).
a. sulakauris SemoqmedebaSi aRwerili urbanistuli ganwyobilebani
imdenad TvalsaCinoa, rom mas mkiTxveli moTxrobebis pirveli wkiTxvis-
Tanave grZnobs. mwerlis nawarmoebebis didi nawili, swored, qalaquri
STabeWdilebebiT, misiT aRZruli fiqrebiTa da gancdebiT aris STago-
nebuli. urbanizmi a. sulakauris SemoqmedebaSi mxolod zogadi Tematika
ki ar aris, aramed ufro arsebiTi da siRrmiseulia, saTqmelis
gamoxatvis formaa - ganpirobebuli mwerlis cxovrebiseuli
gamocdilebiT, msoflmxedvelobiT, epoqis moTxovniT, mxatvruli azrov-
nebis stiliT, saxeTa sistemiT.
urbanistul prozaSi xSiradaa asaxuli pasiuri pirovnebebi, romel-
Ta moqmedebis areali SezRuduli da Sekvecilia, isini bevrs fiqroben
da cotas akeTeben. erTni mwvaved ganicdian yovelives, meoreni meqaniku-
rad, usulgulod. garemos inertulobis daRi azis. am garemoSi araferi
keTdeba, arc araferi icvleba. modunebulia cxovrebis ritmi. adamianebi
msjelobiT, Teoriulad aRiqvamen sinamdviles; maT sakuTari azric ki ar
gaaCniaT, garTulni arian movlenebis pasiuri WvretiT:
‘’rodemde SeiZleba icxovro kacma mSoblis kalTagadafarebulma?
anda, ramdenjer SeiZleba moisminos erTi da igive sayveduri?... Tu kaci
gqvia, sxva Tu ara, sakuTari azris Tqmis ufleba mainc unda mqondes, ra
Tqma unda, Tuki gagaCnia sakuTari azri~ (`Jami dasvenebisa~).
swored, cxovrebisadmi aseTi damokidebuleba, qalaquri yofis aseTi
gancdaa mizezi, romelic Semoqmedis cnobierebaSi Sobs aqvariumis meta-
forul saxes. erTgan, a. sulakauri leqsSi `aqvariumi" wers:
`me es lurji ca mamSvidebs cota!
da ufro cotas, dRes rom qaria -
Cven SeveCvieT am viwro oTaxs,
ZvelisZvel wignebs da aqvariums"
(`aqvariumi~).

- 48 -
 aqvariumis Tema laitmotivad gasdevs a. sulakauris prozasac. mwer-
lis warmodgenaSi misi Tanamedrove Taobis cxovrebis sazogadoebrivad
da politikurad SemosazRvruli garemo qmnida aqvariumis SegrZnebas,
daxSulobis da Caketili sivrcis gancdas. adamianebi TiTqos SeCvevian
qalaqis CaxuTul, manqanebis gamonabolqvisagan dabinZurebuli haeriT
sunTqvas da arsebobas. SeCvevian pragmatulad azrovnebas, movlenebis
Cqari monacvleobiT gadatvirTul cxovrebas, kalendris mixedviT ganawi-
lebul dReebs, saaTebsa da wuTebs. aqvariumSi CaZirul aseT cxovrebas
ver aSfoTebs qari, wvima, mzis mcxunvareba. aq cxovreba mdored, ud-
rtvinvelad midis. araferi axali ar xdeba. masSi myofni mxolod gare-
dan aTvaliereben sxvaTa cxovrebas da ase xarjaven im dros, romelsac
wuTisofeli hqvia. aseTi ganwyobilebaa asaxuli a. sulakauris mraval
prozaul nawarmoebSi `didTovloba", `gabo", `zeviT da qveviT", `Jami das-
venebisa", `oqros Tevzi" da sxva.
moTxrobaSi `didTovloba" mwerali mxolod erTi dRis
ganwyobilebis gadmocemiT qmnis saxes axalgazrda, magram ukve daRlili
kacisas, romelsac daukargavs mSvenierebis SegrZnebis gancda. `ase mgoni-
a, sxvisTvis Tovs", - ambobs qali. aq col-qmris urTierToba
ganZarcvulia romantikulobisagan. axalgazrda wyvils Soris warsulis
mogonebebi zRuded Camdgara. kaci gaorebulia, dabneuli da Cafiqrebuli.
warsulis Secdomebis aRiarebiT datvirTuli misi goneba realobaSi ve-
Rar erkveva. mas aqvs yvelaferi - is, riskenac iswrfvoda, magram awva-
lebs dakarguli mSvenierebis SegrZneba, romlis dabrunebac SeuZ-
lebelia – ise, rogorc ukve Cavlili droisa. `ase ar jobda?! - vimeo-
rebdi daufiqreblad, TiTqos CemTvis vigonebdi nacnob simReras; magram
uceb gavifiqre: `ratom jobda ase?" ra moxdeboda, rom ar avCqa-
rebuliyavi, mxarSi Sevdgomodi lelas da frTxilad wamomeyvana, rom
naRrZobi fexi ar gaRzianeboda. ase movidodiT sadgurSi... bolos da
bolos sadgurSi gavaTevdiT Rames, iq xom Rumeli enTo da Tbiloda...
vgrZnobdi, lelas fexi stkioda da iTmenda, Tvalebi rom gaexila, crem-
lebs veRar Seikavebda da atirdeboda. amitom moimZinara Tavi. Zili ni-
RabiviT aafara mwvave tkivilebs". axalgazrda kaci sakuTar grZnobebSi
ver garkveula, saidanRac Cndeba SiSi: `mainc ratom meSinoda matarebels

- 49 -
ar gaeswro, ra laCrulad gavurbodi Rames!" - fiqri ar asvenebda mas. ga-
uTviTcnobierebelma, gaurkvevlobidan momdinare SiSis grZnobam daTrgu-
na axalgazrda mamakacis nebeloba. frTebi Seakveca mis aRmafrenas maSin,
rodesac sul axlos iyo poeturi, lamazi da amaRlebuli wuTebis gan-
cdis SesaZlebloba. gmiri gamoucdelobisa da mis Sinagan samyaroSi Se-
moWrili SiSis gamo uars ambobs am mSvenierebasTan miaxlebaze. ase Tan-
daTanobiT ikveTeba `aqvariumis garemo". komforts, siTbosa da simSvides
miCveuli qalaqeli axalgazrda SiSiT uyurebs yovelive axals, jerar-
gancdils, moulodnelsa da SemTxveviTs.
dabneuli, sakuTar SesaZleblobebSi daurwmunebeli gmirebi,
axalgazrda inteligentebi da studentebi dagvixata, agreTve, mweralma
g. gegeSiZem Tavis moTxrobaSi `aprili~. `aprilis~ avtoris mTavari
sazrunavi is aris, rom realisturad asaxos garemo, movlenebi da
pirvel rigSi, Cawvdes personaJTa fsiqologiis niuansebs. g. gegeSiZis
gmirs ar swams im ritualis, romelSic monawileobs (aRdgomis meore
dRes sasaflaoze gasvla); bolomde ar swams Tavisi siyvarulisac, ar
swams Tavisi metoqis saqveynod aRiarebuli `kaibiWobis~ da, rac
mTavaria, ar swams sakuTari Tavisa.
es urwmunoeba, gansakuTrebiT sakuTari Tavis mimarT,
arasrulfasovnebis Tavisebur kompleqsSi vlindeba, xolo ukanasknel
momentSi, rogorc TviTuaryofa, rogoric amboxis sakuTari ususurobis
mimarT, diametralurad sawinaaRmdego saqcielSi povebs gamosavals.
`yvelaferi nebadarTulia!~ - aseTia am fsiqologiis adamianebis
devizi, rac maT gadagmul nabijebs uZRvis win.
rogorc cnobilia, es zneobrivi postuliti axali ar aris.
gavixsenoT a. sulakauris gmiris anduyafaris sityvebi: `am borotebas
axla Zala Tu uSvelis, didi damTgurnveli Zala~ (`luka~).
aqvariumi - rogorc obivateluri yofis metafora - sakmaod rTul
fsiqologiur da socialuri Sinaarsis datvirTvas gulisxmobs. aq, am
gmirebisaTvis mSvidi, `mSobliuri", erTferovani garemoa, amitomac qve-
Secneulad am stiqiisaken miiltvis, mxolod am garemoSi grZnobs
urbanizmiT daRlili personaJi Tavs kargad, aq SeuZlia `fiqrebiT gve-
ma", warsulisaTvis Tvalis gadavleba; misTvis mTavaria oTaxis siTbo,

- 50 -
dagmanuli fanjara, wignebi, SeCveuli garemo. cxovrebis qariSxali, moZ-
raoba, Zalisxmeva dabrkolebaTa gadalaxvisaTvis da miT gamowveuli su-
lieri Zvrebi, aSinebs personaJs. komfortisaken (aqvariumisken) ltolvam
dauClunga gulisyuri, daTrguna masSi mamakacuri Rirsebebi: vaJkacrobis
survili, gamarjvebisaken swrafva. am personaJisaTvis mxolod fiqrs Se-
morCenia aqtiuri funqcia. `ojaxSi Tbila, RumelSi cecxli anTia, sar-
kmels mimdgari gareT ise vixedebi, rogorc Tevzi aqvariumidan" – ambobs
igi. TandaTanobiT ikveTeba mTxrobelis ironia, romlis konteqsts qmnis
is modunebuli yofiTi garemo, romelSic gmiri SeyuJula da daTovlil
quCas gascqeris. `Tovs... quCa TandaTan naxats emsgavseba da fifqebis ko-
rianteli idumalebiT mosavs... yovel SemTxvevaSi me ase meCveneba. oTaxSi
Tbila, fanjarasTan vzivar, sawer magidas idayviT veyrdnobi. Rumeli
yrud, dagubebuli xmiT bubunebs da siTbos afrqvevs. kargia, oTaxSi rom
Tbila, xolo gareT Tovli modis: mgonia, siTbos axla ufro meti fasi
aqvs - meTqi". rogor gavs es garemo realuri aqvariumis garemos, rome-
lic aseTive dasamaxsovrebeli ostatobiT aRwera a. sulakaurma romanSi
`oqros Tevzi":
`momwvano wyalSi nebivrad dasralebda grZelfarfliani oqros Tev-
zi, moadgeboda aqvariums da uazrod iyureboda. oqros Tevzi martodmar-
to dacuravda momwvano wyalSi...oqros Tevzs guli ekumSeboda, daZabuli
dasrialebda da kedlidan kedels awydeboda, SeiZleba imitom, rom kar-
gad ver xedavda, ra xdeboda xavsiT dafaruli minis kedlis miRma.
niJaras mofarebuli daZabuli adevnebda Tvals moZrav landebs, `ra me-
marTeba, - fiqrobda, - ratom vRelav, ratom micems ase saSinlad guli?"
a. sulakauris urbanistuli xedviT Seqmnil moTxrobebSi daxatuli per-
sonaJebi unda vigulisxmoT, rom umetesad mwerlisave Tanamedrove adami-
anebis prototipebi arian. aseTi axalgazrda kacis tipiuri saxe Seqmna
avtorma moTxrobaSi `Jami dasvenebisa". masSi aRwerili zRvispira dasas-
venebeli saxlis garemo da yofa inertulobiTaa daRdasmuli. garegnu-
lad mSvidi, zerele urTierTobebisa da zedmeti cnobismoyvareobisaTvis
ganmawyobeli situaciebi a. sulakauris stilisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
zomierebiTaa SerCeuli da daxatuli. moTxrobis mTavari gmiri gurami
mzrunveli mSoblebis mier TiTqos saTburSia gazrdili. yoveli misi

- 51 -
nabiji dedamisis mier aris mozomili da gaTvlili. amitomac SezRudu-
lia misi Tavisufleba, SeboWilia misi survilebi imdenad didia masze
dedis azris gavlena, rom igi TavisTavsac ver utydeba barbarasadmi
ltolvaSi da cdilobs saTaveSive Caklas es mozRvavebuli ltolva
mSvenieri qalisadmi. amitomac SeSinebuli kurdReliviT garbis iqidan,
sadac ipova simSvide, silamaze da siyvaruli: `mosawyenad grZel weri-
lebSi erTsa da imaves umeorebda, daJinebiT aswavlida, rogor moqceu-
liyo, rogor daeWira Tavi. sakuTari Sinaganawesic ki SeumuSava da mkac-
rad moiTxovda am Sinaganawesis mixedviT ecxovra. werilebidan irkveoda,
rom yovel adamians ar unda ndoboda, gansakuTrebiT qalebs. Turme qa-
lebi cbierebi da veragni yofilan, yovelgvar xerxsa da Rones xmaroben,
xelSi rom Caigdon gamoucdeli da gulubryvilo vaJebi, miTumetes, kar-
gi ojaxis Svilebi - aseTebze usircxvilod, mourideblad nadiroben
Turme. araviTari moTxovnileba ar hqonda nacnobi, gulisSemaRonebeli
Segonebani yoveldRiurad ekiTxa, amitom danarCen werilebs gauxsnelad
inaxavda CemodanSi. miuxedavad amisa, es gauxsneli konvertebi marto
yofnis, damoukidebeli cxovrebis siamovnebas Tu gemos akargvinebda. eC-
veneboda, TiTqos, deda Soriaxlos iyo Casafrebuli da uTvalTvalebda,
Svilis yoveli gadadgmuli nabiji rom aRewera". iqneb, swored, Tavis
bednierebas gaeqca gurami da ara sxva rames? iqneb marto deda da aR-
zrda ar aris damnaSave mis aseT qcevaSi? iqneb gurams Tavad, pirovnu-
lad ar Seswevs Zala ipovos Tavis TavSi Zlieri mamakaci, radgan aseTad
igi ar dabadebula?!
moTxrobaSi ar Canan guramis megobrebi, igi martoa. misi ocnebis
sivrce daxSulia, Tvalsawieri mozomili, cxovrebis yoveli dRe dagegmi-
li. es aris saxe axalgazrda kacisa, romelsac jer araferi Seuqmnia,
aravis daxmarebia, araferi Rirebuli ar gaukeTebia da mainc ukve daRli-
la yvelafrisagan. man ar icis ra unda, risTvis cxovrobs. imaSic ki ver
garkveula risi ufleba aqvs da risi ara. igi mieCvia, rom marionetiviT
marTaven da amitom SeCveuli Wiri urCevnia SeuCvevel lxins. gurami ti-
piuri saxea a. sulakauris personaJTa im galereisa, romlebic aqvariumSi
Caasaxla avtorma. mas arafris Secvla ar SeuZlia. masze `mZlavrobs" sa-
kuTari deda, misi arafrismTqmeli saxis garda, avtorma gviCvena, agreTve,

- 52 -
sxva personaJTa sulieri dramatizmiT aRsavse cxovrebac. aseTebia mavra
CubiniZe - solfejios maswavlebeli; Teimuraz mebuke - filologiur mec-
nierebaTa kandidati - Cia, avadmyofurad fermkrTali kaci da arkadi ce-
zari - Zveli iluzionisti, saTvalis qvemodan sevdiani Tvalebi rom mou-
Canda. am dasasvenebeli saxlis erTferovan da mosawyen garemoSi TiToe-
uli adamiani cal-calke uimedod daxSuli samyaroa, romlis wiaRSic
SeRweva meore adamianisaTvis arsebiTad SeuZlebelia. yvela Tavis
uxilav garsSia gaxveuli, TiTqos TavianT naWuWebSi Caketilan da iqidan
pasiuri momziralis TvaliT akvirdebian garemos. am adamianebsa da gu-
rams Soris urTierTobani ukiduresad gaZnelebulia. guramis martooba,
zogadad, mwerlis Tanamedrove sazogadoebis umTavresi problemaa, rode-
sac kulturasa da yofas erTnairad msWvalavs dehumanizaciis mtkivneu-
li procesi. nawarmoebSi kargad Cans am kuTxiT avtoriseuli pozicia:
`gurams arasodes ar hyolia megobari. megobroba msxverplad did dros
moiTxovs. gurami ki verasodes ver poulobda, anda saSualebas ar aZlev-
dnen epova Tu gamoenaxa es dro. umegobro da uamxanago kacs ki yvela
adamiani erTnairad eucxoveba da sakuTar naWuWSi gamomwyvdeuli, Seg-
nebulad Tu Seugneblad gaurbis adamianebTan urTierTobas. aseT dros
zogs gandideba ipyrobs xolme, eCveneba, rom gangebam raRac gansakuT-
rebuli niSnis mixedviT ganacalkeva igi sxvebisagan, aRamaRla da Cveu-
lebriv mokvdavT aRar ZaluZT misi gageba. zogs piriqiT emarTeba. srul-
fasovnebis grZnobas hkargavs. zedmetad eufleba gaubedoba da TandaTan
hkargavs xelidan ecleba skuTari Tavisadmi rwmena" (`Jami dasvenebisa~).
Txrobis gansakuTrebuli uSualobiTa da gmirTa xasiaTebis
siwrfeliT gamoirCeva moTxroba `zeviT da qveviT~, romlis personaJebi
bavSvobidan modian. erT ezoSi gazrdilebs bevri ram aaxlovebT, magram
isini xSirad SeCveuls, axlos myof mSvenierebas ver amCneven. nawarmoebis
mTavari personaJis gogis bavSvobam mezoblis – anci gogonas lias
gverdiT gairbina. abezari liasagan Tavmobezrebuli `zRarbi~ sizmarSic
ki kibeebze dasdevda onavar gogonas da, ai, wlebis miRma isini isev
xvdebian erTmaneTs. gogi moazrovne, geologiaze Seyvarebuli,
Tavmomwone axalgazrda kacia; lia Teatraluri institutis studenti,
meocnebe, mSvenieri qaliSvlia. gogi ver erkveva Tavis grZnobebSi,

- 53 -
dabneuli da SeSinebulia. mis pirovnebaSi moulodnelad gaCenili
gauTviTcnobierebuli SiSis grZnoba akargvinebs axalgazrda kacs
yvelaze Zvirfass, rac mas gaaCnia: `ukan movxede Cems patara gzas – iq
sicariele iyo. Aarasdros miocnebia liasaviT ase srulad, ase
sisxlsavsed, ase gatacebiT. arasdros ase ar mifiqria da liasaviT
naTeli mizani ar mqonia arasodes. lia sxva adamiani iyo. lia ocnebobda,
lias ar SeeZlo sxvanairi cxovreba - didi xelovnebisTvis iyo
dabadebuli. misi ocneba iyo Tavisi Tavi eTamaSa scenaze, eTamaSa
qaliSvili, romelsac wrfeli ocnebebi aqvs, maRali fiqrebi, romelmac
iseTi siyvaruli icis, rogorc aravin (`zeviT da qveviT~). gogi
dakompleqsebuli, sakuTar SesaZleblobebSi daeWvebuli axalgazrdaa,
amitomac ar esmoda liasi da ver grZnobda qaliSvilis TvalebSi
nisliviT gawolil sinanulis mizezs. `me mawuxebda Cemi uvicoba da
sipatarave, uocnebod, umiznod gatarebuli dReebi. sakuTar guls
vaskdebodi. axlac momeCvena TiTqos iseve iyo Selaxuli Cemi
pativmoyvareoba Tu Tavmoyvareoba, rogorc meCveneboda bavSvobaSi
(`zeviT da qveviT~). personaJis sulSi Cabudebulma SiSma
arasrulyofilebis kompleqsma frTebi Seakveca mis axalgazrdul
swrafvas mSvenierebisaken, magram, amave dros, mis sulSi Cndeba
sinanuli, dakargulis dabrunebis survili. moTxrobis gmiris
cxovrebaSi iwyeba kaTarzisi. gamofxizlebis, Tvalisaxelis gancdam gogi
daarwmuna Tavisi grZnobebis seriozulobaSi. mwerali ase gadmogvcems
mis gancdebs: `Robe-yores vedebodi, gangeb vedebodi. kargad vicodi, rac
mawuxebda da Tavs vityuebdi, ufro sworad, ar mindoda damejerebina,
rom am sicarieles amoavsebda lia, romelic CemTvis mxolod Soreul,
didi xnis winaT nanax sizmrebSi arsebobda (`zeviT da qveviT~). liasa da
gogis urTierToba, bavSvobis xalisiani TamaSi TiTqos meordeba
Tojinebis TeatrSi, sadac Tejirs miRma Tojina wiTelquda bavSvuri,
meamituri xmiT kiTxulobs: `mereda sad iyavi aqamde?~ gogi ver axerxebs
Tejirs miRma gadaxedvas. simboluri dabrkoleba, romlis gadalaxva
siZneles ar warmoadgens, misTvis gadaulaxavia. personaJi am
pirobiTobas sinamdviled iRebs, radgan kargad ver wvdeba am TamaSisa da
dialogis azrs. am moTxrobaSi a. sulakaurma kidev erTxel gviCvena, rom

- 54 -
urbanistuli cxovrebis wesebma adamianebi sulierad gamofita, daukarga
maT sakuTari bednierebisaTvis brZolis survili.
gurami da givi (`xidi") aseve qalaquri yofis tipuri pirmSoebi arian.
maT TiTqos warsulic aaxloebT, megobar-amxanagebic saerTo hyavT, ga-
naTlebac, aRzrdac saTanado miuRiaT da mainc, mkiTxvelis TvalSi er-
Tic da meorec ar tovebs srulyofili, Zlieri mamakacis STabeWdilebas.
erTica da meorec TavianT viwro naWuWSi Caketilan. givi aSkarad `zedme-
ti adamiania" man ver ipova Tavisi adgili verc xelovnebaSi, verc sazo-
gadoebaSi, verc siyvarulSi (Tumca igi uyvarT da sakmaod pativscemen
kidec). `zedmeti adamiani" gulCaTxrobili, meocnebe da martosulia, ami-
tomac konfliqti pirovnebasa da sazogadoebas Soris gardauvalia. givis
ver ugeben, misi ar esmiT; sazogadoebasa mas Soris harmoniaa darRveu-
li. adamianis martosulobaze xSirad saubrobs mwerali da misi perso-
naJebic martodmarto miuyvebian yofierebis gasavlel gzas. aseTi
filosofiiT, adamiani TavisTavad mudam martoa, megobari misi sevdis
droebiTi gamqarvebelia da verafers cvlis gmiris cxovrebaSi. mar-
toobis mZafri SegrZneba erTi mxriv iwvevs sulier depresias, meore
mxriv iseT TviTkmayofil ganwyobas, roca personaJs eCveneba, rom ufro
maRla dgas, vidre xalxi, `sxvebi", mas veravin ugebs. suliT obolsa da
martosuls adamianTa wreSi ar hyavs megobari; misi ar esmiT, ar
iziareben mis idealebs. Cndeba ufskruli pirovnebasa da sazogadoebas
Soris; swored, am ufskrulze migvaniSnebs mwerali qvemoTmoyvanil dia-
logSi:
` - Sen ras akeTeb, sad xar?
- sad viqnebi, an ras gavakeTeb... vwer... Tumca vis raSi sWirdeba Seni
naweri. gurams jer egona, naTqvamSi erTgvari sinanulma gamoJonao, mag-
ram roca givis saxeze Sexeda, darwmunda, rom motyuvda. mis win idga ka-
ci, romelsac aravisi esmoda".
martooba rom saSiSia mxolod mconare da uniaTo sulTaTvis, es
viTareba absoluturad esadageba givis pirovnebas, radgan igi egoistu-
ri cnobierebis kacia; is daamaxinja drom da ver grZnobs sakuTar ga-
ucxovebas sazogadoebisagan. givi martoobisa da udroobis gmiria. igi
bavSvobis xilvebs dadevnebuli meocnebea. ar yofnis nebisyofa, arasrul-

- 55 -
fasovnebis SegrZneba awamebs, amitomac sxvebSi eZebs mizezebs, brals
sdebs sazogadoebas, sayvarel qals da megobrebs: `erTxelac iqneba dav-
Tvrebi da yvelafers vetyvi... wavides, sadac unda iq wavides, oRond me
Tavi damanebos. sxva rom ar iyos, xeli meSleba, veRarafers vakeTeb... ver
vkiTxulob, ver vwer". is iqamdec ki aris daSvebuli, rom uars ambobs
sayvarel qalisagan momaval Svilze: `ici, ra uTxari, givi Semoqmedi ka-
cia-Tqo, bavSvi xels SeuSlis-Tqo. Seni Wirime, guram, iqneb rogorme
daajero".
a. sulakauris prozis erT-erTi Tavisebureba isicaa, rom misi gmi-
rebi xSirad aRmoCndebian cxovrebis gzajvaredinze, arCevanis winaSe. am
moTxrobaSic, ra Tqma unda, avtori SemTxveviT ar irCevs gzisa d xidis
simboloebs da maT gansakuTrebul azrobriv datvirTvas akisrebs. `gza"
aq sakuTari Tavis povnisa da pirovnul SesaZleblobaTa aRmoCenis saSua-
lebaa. a. sulakauris gmirebi givi (`xidi"); daTo da miriani (`oqros Tev-
zi"); sakuTari gzis ZiebaSi arian. magram is obivateluri garemo, romel-
sac pirobiTad `aqvariumi" vuwodeT, adunebs maT moqmedebas, dinamiu-
robas, pasiuroba ki mosawyens xdis maT cxovrebas. sakuTari Tavis povna
cxadia, a. sulakauris gmirebisaTvis TviTmiznad ar aris qceuli. isini
verc grZnoben, rom sakuTari `me" sadRac dakarges. zemoTganxilul
moTxrobaSi mweralma gamoxata axalgazrda, gzaareuli kacis sakuTar
oreulTan WidilSi damarcxebis sasowarkveTili ganwyobileba. sakuTari
`me"-s wvdoma, pirovnebis mTlianobis rRvevis da gancalkevebis gardauv-
lobis wvdomacaa. givi sakuTari Tavs gauucxovda. misi `me" gaorebulia.
niRabi, romelic man moirgo realur cxovrebaSi, malavs givis namdvil
saxes; amitom misi cxovreba aRiqmeba im kacis dramad, romelic iniRbeba,
Tumca zogjer aujanydeba yvelas da yvelafers:
`- ra Tqma unda, piesebs vwer... ar esmiT araferi, idiotebi arian... ase
Cavardnilebi iqnebian mudam. Sen xom gaxsovs Cemi piesa, skolaSi rom
davdgi? cudi iyo? ratom ar unda dadgas viTom sabavSvo Teatrma?"
(`xidi~).
givis tragedia sulieri wonasworobis dakargvaa; man ver SeZlo kav-
Siris damyareba warsulsa da awmyos Soris. misTvis bavSvoba darCa idea-

- 56 -
lur samyarod da ukve davaJkacebulic, kvlav am samyaroSi eZebs Tavis
Tavs dasamkvidrelad.
igi aRizianebs irgvliv myofT, radgan cvalebadi samyaroTi, adamia-
nuri vnebebisa da interesebis dausrulebeli Sexla-SemoxliT damZi-
mebuli personaJi sazogadoebaSi adgils ver poulobs. niRabi qceula gi-
vis, rogorc individis, TavSesafrad. sabolood ki miviReT sulierad
degradirebuli axalgazrda kacis saxe. moTxrobis gmirTa cxovreba Ta-
visi SinaarsiT Zalian hgavs im garemos, romelSic maT uwevT arseboba.
avtori SemTxveviT ar aTqmevinebs gurams:
` - caSi sicarielea, varskvlavebi erTmaneTisagan ise Sors arian,
amis warmodgena kacis gonebas ar SeuZlia. varskvalavebi ganmartoebiT
cxovroben caSi, erTmaneTs gasaocari sivrceebiT dacilebulebi.
mxolod Sori manZilidan Cans ase erTad, `daxvavebuli".
`gadamRlelad xmaurobda moedani, mxolod axlaRa igrZno guramma
rom moedani Zalze xmaurobda. xalxi ireoda, erTmaneTs awydeboda, merme
iWedeboda avtobusebi da xalxiT datvirTuli Tavis gziT miemarTeboda".
qalaqi savsea xalxiT, avtobusebi gaWedilia mgzavrebiT, quCebSi ada-
mianebi gverds ver uvlian erTmaneTs. TiTqos megobrebis wrec didia da
mainc, moTxrobis gmirebi martoni arian, martosuloba stanjavT, Cumad
eZaxian erTmaneTs, gaTiTokacebulebs uWirT cxovreba da im varsklavebs
emsgavsebian, erTmanTs warmoudgenlad daSorebuli sivrceebiT rom da-
scilebian, Sori manZilidan ki, kacTa Tvalis mosatyueblad, erTad
daxvavebulad acimcimebulan.
a. sulkauri saTqmelis ZiriTad mizanze, zogjer nawarmoebis saTaur-
iTve migvaniSnebs. erT-erT moTxrobas avtorma SemTxveviT rodi uwoda
`xidi". xidi xom ori napiris SemaerTebelia da es simbolo cxovrebis
sxvadasxva napirebze darCenili Zveli megobrebis SemakavSirebel imedad
aris moxmobili: `guramis win ganieri xidi iwva, xidze aravin Canda, ca-
rieli iyo. gurami marto midioda, daRlili Tavi gabruebuli hqonda da
stkioda". bolomde marto rCebian moTxrobis gmirebi, radgan, rac maT
erTmaneTTan akavSirebdaT, samudamod gahyolia warsuls. Caketili siv-
rcis mZafri gancda ar aZlevs a. sulakauris gmirebs laRad cxovrebis
saSualebas. SezRuduli, SemosazRvruli sasicocxlo areali frTebs uk-

- 57 -
vecavs maT fantazias, akompleqsebs maT cnobierebas. myudro savane, sa-
dac banaluroba gamefebula, aqvariumis dune cxovrebisaTvis aris Seqmni-
li. aqvariumis daxavsebul garemos ar aSfoTebs cxovrebiseuli qa-
riSxali, amitomac aq ar aris mosalodneli gmiris Sinagani Tavisuf-
lebisaken swrafva, Tavisufali qmedeba. `sxvam ar unda icodes, ra xdeba
Sens ojaxSi" - ai, baramiZeTa ojaxis kredo. obivateluri msoflmxedve-
lobis klasikuri formulireba, sakmaod Zveli da samwuxarod, maradmoq-
medi.
romanis `oqros Tevzis" gmirebi Sinaganad ver eguebian maT garSemo
arsebul viTarebas, mdore cxovrebis wess. maTi tkivili mZime sulieri
gancdebiT aris gamowveuli, magram ver garkveulan saidan modis igi.
erTgan mwerali wers: `yvela TxilisguliviT Tavis patara da ubadruk
naWuWSi cxovrobs da naWuWs Txilisguli mxolod imitom tovebs, rom
gaqres". mirianis monologSi Cans, Tu rogor irRveva am personaJis suli-
eri samyaro. misi dumili im Tevzis dumils mogvagonebs, pirSi wyali
rom aqvs Cagubebuli. misTvis mxolod fiqrs SemorCenia aqtiurobis fun-
qcia. miriani gulCaTxrobili, martosuli adamiania, amitom konfliqti,
romelic misdauneburad warmoiSoba miriansa da misi ojaxis wevrebs So-
ris, zogadad mTeli sazogadoebis avadmyofobaa - uSinaarso yofis ka-
nonzomieri Sedegia. martosulobis, mitovebulobis mZafri SegrZneba mi-
rianis pirovnebaSi iwvevs depresias, mas eCveneba rom ver ugeben, misi
cxovreba ar ainteresebT. ase Caisaxa ufskruli miriansa da daTos So-
ris, romelic dRiTidRe Rrmavdeba: `Sen ar ginda, namdvilad ar ginda,
daTo, rom simarTle giTxra, yovelTvis ase iyo: sakuTari simarTle
gqonda, sakuTari Targi da yvelafers im Targze sWridi: Tumca amas
yovelTvis Seugneblad, gaucnobiereblad akeTebdi, Sen TviTon ver
grZnobdi ise... Tumca, SeiZleba, zogjer grZnobdi kidec" (`oqros Tevzi~).
miriani aqvariumis dune cxovrebisaTvis ar aris Seqmnili, igi naoma-
ri kacia da mis sulier depresias aqvs obieqturi mizezebi, romelic so-
cialur garemodan iRebs saTaves da Trgunavs pirovnebas; amitom perso-
naJis xasiaTSi naklebad igrZnoba Sinagani Tavisuflebisaken swrafva,
yofili gmirisagan aRaraferi darCenila. mkiTxvelis Tvalwin dgas
meobawarTmeuli, dabneuli kaci, romelsac imis Zalac ki aRar Seswevs

- 58 -
sakuTar Tavs SeebrZolos, ar dauSvas misi sulis Sinagani rRveva. miria-
nis saxiT mweralma warmoaCina drama ukanonod dasjili kacisa, romelic
farul oms ucxadebs yvelas da yovelives.
miriani martosulia. igi bralmdebelia mTeli sazogadoebisa da gan-
sakuTrebiT yvelaze axlobeli adamianebisa:
` - Sen zrunavdi Cemze, vici, wuxdi.. – miriani TiTqos umcrosi Zmis
fiqrebs kiTxulobda. – magram sinamdvileSi Seni TavisTvis zrunavdi da
wuxdi. Cemi gareT gasvla da dagvianeba gaRelvebda, da gindoda sul
Sin vmjdariyavi, rom Seni simSvide ar SegeSfoTebina, dawynarebiT rom
gecxovra. isedac bevri gaRelve da gaSfoTe. jer omSi viyavi, mere
davikarge, mere mokvdi, mere ise aRvsdeqi mkvdreTiT, mere.... rogorc iqna,
davbrundi..... xom ar SeiZleba erTma kacma wuxili da mRelvareba
ganacdevinos meores? amitom gerCia sul Sin yofiliyavi...~ (`oqros
Tevzi~).
mirianis filosofia erTnairad amarTlebs `oqros Tevzis" yvela per-
sonaJis cxovrebas. aq yvela martoa. marto rCeba daTo, miriani, martoa
buba eSbac, patara zurikoc, norac, Zia vanoc da bevri sxvac. am gmirebs
oqros Tevzis msgavsad awuxebT sakuTari simartove da itanjebian.
Ggamosavalic am situaciidan ar Cans:
`d a T o: albaT morigeobiT mogviwevs me da mirians dildilaobiT
rZesa da purze siaruli. rodemde SeiZleba Sin uqmad jdoma arafris
keTeba. sauzme, sadili, vaxSami... sauzme, sadili, vaxSami... merme isev:
sauzme, sadili... ase Tendeba da ase Ramdeba. erTxans sauzmesa da sadils
Soris dros Cem saqmeebze sirbilSi vklavdi. davdiodi da Tavs
vimarTlebdi, vamtkicebdi, rom marTali var~ (`oqros Tevzi~). aqvariumSi
gamomwyvdeulebiviT exlebian a. sulakauris gmirebi erTferovani
cxovrebis yru kedlebs, samzeri dabindviaT, imedic TiTqos gadawurviaT.
ATevzis ganwyobilebis aRweriT avtori parallels avlebs aseT
yofasTan:
`oqros Tevzi dilidanve SeSfoTebuli iyo. nerviulad dasrialebda
da kedlidan kedels awydeboda. SesaZloa, dRes pirvelad igrZno, rom aq-
variumi, romelSic amdeni xania cxovrobs, Zalze pataraa, rom am patara
qilaSi Znelia amdeni xani cxovreba. aRarc axsovs, rodis gamocvales

- 59 -
wyali. minis kedels xavsi moedo da gareT gaxedva Wirs. oqros Tevzs ki
gamWvirvale kedlebidan gaxedva uyvarda, akvirdeboda ra xdeboda ked-
lis miRma".
patara zurikos bavSvobis dReebic, oqros Tevzis msgavsad, Caketil
sivrciTaa SemosazRvruli. mis oTaxs fanjarac ki ara aqvs, mas ki
fanjridan cqera uyvars. daTo naTiSvilic, miuxedavad misi aqtiuri
bunebisa, martosulia. isic aqvariumis garemoSi, mojadoebul, Caketil
wreSi cxovrobs. mas megobrebic hyavs, Seyvarebuli gogonac masTan aris,
magram igi mainc martoa, misi aravis esmis da oqros Tevzis msgavsad
awydeba `cxovrebis gamWvirvale kedels".
oqros Tevzi SeeCvia minis WurWlis xavsian kedlebs, axla gareTac
veRar icqreba: `oqros Tevzi ver ixedeboda da arc ainteresebda, ra
xdeboda minis kedlebs miRma. TavisTvis cxovrobda, gare samyaros
mowyvetili". zustad ase cxovrobs garesamyarodan izolirebulad daTo-
sa da mirianis deda da da. maT ar ician ra saqmanobas eweva ojaxis mama
platoni. arc ainteresebT. samagierod, xalxSi Rirseulad uWiravT Tavi
- `sxvam ar unda icodes, ra xdeba Sen ojaxSi"- esaa maTi devizi. amitom
Tu zeimoben uxmod zeimoben, Tu wuxan - uxmod wuxan. xolo Cveulebriv
dReebs es simyudrove arasodes daurRvevia. mariamis - platonis meuRlis
`dauRalavi Rvawlis" Sedegad baramiZeebis ojaxSi `idealuri" garemoa
Seqmnili. cxovrebis SfoTva da duRili maT TiTqos ar wvdebaT. ojaxis
mamas platons - keTil da Sromismoyvare kacad icnoben, dedac mSvidi da
auRelvebeli qalia. Svilebic daTo, miriani, Teona arafriT ar arRveven
am myudroebas, rac baramiZeebis ojaxis mTavar sazrunavs warmoadgens,
magram mainc igrZnoba, rom es moCvenebiTi idiliuri garemoa, igrZnoba,
rom didxans ase ar SeiZleba gagrZeldes, radgan siyalbes adre Tu gvian
niRabi Camoexsneba. SeCveuli, daxavsebuli garemo ar uqmnis axalgaz-
rdebs xvalindeli dRis aranair perspeqtivas. Tavdapirvelad isini
mxolod sulisSemxuTvel siviwroves grZnoben, magram Semdeg, oqros Tev-
zis msgavsad, uCndebaT protestis grZnoba; awydebian Caketili sivrcis
(aqvariumis) daxavsebul kedlebs da bolos dgeba maT cxovrebaSi Tvalis
axelis mtkivneuli wuTebi: `oqros Tevzs guli uwuxda. aqvariumSi veRar
eteoda, sunTqva uWirda. fskerisaken daeSva, merme farflebi Ronivrad

- 60 -
daiqnia da isariviT aiWra zeviT, wylis zedapirs rom miuaxlovda, kidev
erTxel daiqnia grZeli farflebi da wylidan amoxta. erTi wamiT amoxta
mxolod, isev wyalSi CaeSva Tavdayira. im erT wamSi naTeli qveyana
ixila, nacnobi, aTasjer nanaxi da gancdili, magram mainc sxvanairi.
qveyana ufro mxiaruli da gabrwyinebuli eCvena, vidre aqamde egona".
aqvariumiT SemosazRruli garemo SeiZleba gaviazroT rogorc
TavisuflebawarTmeuli samSoblos metafora; Cvenis azriT,
totalitarul saxelmwifosa da adamianebze misi sulis SemxuTveli
ideologiuri politikis zewolis Sedegad Caisaxa Semoqmedis
cnobierebaSi protestis gamoxatvis aseTnairi alegoriuli forma. pro-
testi gaCnda, magram imedi am rkinis saltiT Sekruli wridan Tavis daR-
wevisa arsad Cans. a. sulakauri amCnevs irgvliv arsebuli cxovrebis uaz-
robas, amitomac ver isvenebs misi oqros Tevzi aqvariumSi, amitomac uC-
ndeba survili uxilavis xilvisa da gancdisa. es xom yvela adamianis
ocnebaa, magram am ocnebis aRiarebis, gamomJRavnebis uflebac ki ekrZa-
lebodaT `bednieri qveynis bednier Svilebs". daTosa da oqros Tevzis
saubris mizani nawarmoebSi personaJis sakuTar TavTan, sakuTar
oreulTan Sexmianebisa da misi gamxnevebis survilia:
`oqros Tevzi fiqriani da gulCaTxrobili gaxda.
Mmagram erT dRes, roca yvela wasuli egona, moulodnelad daTo
daadga Tavze da hkiTxa:
- rogor xar?
O oqros Tevzma araferi upasuxa, radgan sjeroda, rom daTo ugulod
ekiTxeboda, ise - sxvaTaSoris.
- migatova mirianma? Mmigatova?
- ho, mimatova…- Cailaparaka TavisTvis oqros Tevzma.
- sul marto darCi, Se sawyalo, marto darCi.
- ho. Mmarto var.
- Seni martooba mawuxebs xolme. martooba..…erTxel damesizmra,
TiTqos me viyavi minis es WurWeli,…TiTqos me viyavi da Sen CemSi
cxovrobdi.…me vwuxdi, rom Cems sxeulSi ucxo arseba moxvda,
vwuxdi…Tan momeCvena, rom Senc Sewuxebuli iyavi, radgan sxva
WurWelSi aRmoCndi...… momeCvena...…

- 61 -
 Ooqros Tevzi sixarulis TrTolvam aitana.
- magram is sizmari iyo...… sizmari...…
- sizmari?
- mere xandaxan megona, marTla cxovrobdi CemSi.…xandaxan… iqneb
marTla CemSi cxovrob? iqneb?
- me minda vicxovro, minda SenSi vicxovro.
- axlac ase mgonia, TiTqos es WurWeli me var da Sen CemSi cxovrob…
axlac ase mgonia.
- vcxovrob, - sixaruliT iyvira oqros Tevzma, - me yovelTvis
vicxovreb.
Aamayad gasrialda wyalSi. oqros Tevzs bevrjer ganecada sixaruli,
siamaye ki arasodes. Rirseulad eWira Tavi, farflebs nela, dinjad
amoZravebda, ise, rogorc es Sehferis darbaisel Tevzs, romelmac
sicocxleSive moipova didi dideba, eziara ukvdavebas,
- me axla dagapureb, oqros Tevzo, dagapureb~ (`oqros Tevzi~).
daTo naTiSvili Tavs oqros TevziviT mousvenrad grZnobs, mere ki
dainaxavs da darwmundeba, rom misi mSoblebi, mezoblebi, irgvliv myof-
Ta didi umravlesoba mxolod moCvenebiTi keTildReobisaTvis zrunaven.
aq ganmsazRvrelia Segoneba: `sxvam ar unda icodes, ra xdeba Sens
ojaxSi". mTavaria niRbis kargad morgeba, romlis safarqveS Turme yve-
lafris Cadena SeiZleba. misi ojaxic garegnuli simSvidiTa da wesie-
rebiT SeniRbuli, aSmorebuli gube yofila, suls rom uxuTavs adamians.
esaa ojaxi, romelmac ar icis ra aris patiosneba, sindisi, adamianuri si-
amayis grZnoba, sikeTe, siyvaruli da mainc, yovelive amis qomagad ki mo-
aqvs Tavi.
mouwesrigebeli sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebidan gamomdinare
yofnis SegrZnebis simZafre, sulieri samyaros rRveva, agresia
erTmaneTis mimarT - yvela es uaryofiTi emocia personaJTaTvis socia-
luri garemodan modis, im socialuri garemodan, romelSic pirovneba
Tavs Tavisuflad ver grZnobs. mwerali migvaniSnebs, rom qveyana, sadac
ugulvebelyofilia adamianTa TvTgamoxatvis ufleba, SezRudulia maTi
miswrafebebi da sazogadoebis yvela wevri iZulebulia niRabi ataros,
ar SeiZleba iqces Tavisufali azrovnebisa da damoukidebeli Taobis aR-

- 62 -
mzrdel qveynad. meSCanuri da obivateluri ganwyoba adamianis
cnobierebaSi mravali saxiT mogvevlina. amitomac am Temam XX saukunis
60-70-iani wlebis qarTul literaturaSi mTavari adgili daiWira.
T. WilaZis gmiri (`gaseirneba ponis etliT~) Tavisi sulieri
interesebiT, fsiqologiiT da Sinagani samyaroTi upirispirdeba ara
mxolod mis mezoblad mcxovreb `piJamoian rkinigzels~, romelic Tavisi
wiwilebis movliT aris garTuli, ara mxolod marines mSoblebs - baton
mirians da qalbaton ekas, romelTa ojaxi namdvili meSCanobis budes
warmoadgens, aramed daTos mamasac, damsaxurebul da gavlenian
xelovans, romlisTvisac fraza - `albaT, ase iyo saWiro~ - yvelaferze
maRla dgas: sakuTar mrwamsze, megobrobaze, moqalaqeobriv sindisze.
am adamianTa mTavari sazrunavi piradi keTildReobaa. daTos mama
iseve zrunavs Tavis mdgomareobaze, sazogadoebriv reputaciaze, rogorc
`piJamoiani rkinigzeli~ Tavis wiwilebze, rogorc qalbatoni eka Tavis
avejze da Tavisi qaliSvilis kargad gaTxovebaze.
aseTive garemos xatavs Tavisi personaJebisaTvis mwerali g.
fanjikiZec. misi gmirebi mudmiv konfliqtSi arian meSCanur
sazogadoebasTan. maT miaCniaT, rom irRveva zneoba, morali, aRaravis
axsovs sulieri Rirebulebani. obivateluria mindaZeebis ojaxi (`meSvide
ca~), platoni, samSeneblo obieqtis gabRenZili mmarTveli, misi coli
TinaTini, mudam sigaretiT xelSi da axali kabebiT, cdilobs ar
CamorCes modas da yuradReba miiqcios. maTi qaliSvili marine
provinciuluri cxovrebis WaobSi CaZirula. es gmirebi, TavianTi
cxovrebis wesiT, Zalian gvanan arCil sulakauris `oqros Tevzis~ zemoT
naxseneb gmirebs.
gaCerebuli drois SegrZneba, `uZravi moqmedeba" da cxovrebis uaz-
roba, SuSis WurWlidan danaxuli samyaros gancda, arasrulyofilebis
kompleqsi, udroobis SegrZneba da uimedoba - ai, ra Tvisebebis er-
TobliobiT warmoaCina aqvariumis Tema a. sulakaurma; da rom es asea,
amis damadasturebelia mwerlis mier aqvariumis ganzogadebuli warmod-
gena: `Tbili, msubuqi bindi efineboda qalaqs. gegoneboda uzarmazar mi-
nis WurWeli gamWvirvale, iisferi siTxiT ivseboda, bindSi sagnebi TiT-
qos TandaTan pataravdebodnen, ikumSebodnen". qalaqi, sadac baramiZeebis

- 63 -
ojaxi cxovrobs, a. sulakauris mxatvrul azrovnebaSi aqvariumis formas
Rebulobs. misi mcxovreblebic arafris keTebiT arian dakavebulni. dro
aqac gaCerebulia da sivrceCaketili. aqaurebic TevzebiviT arian moqce-
ulni qalaquri yofis garemoSi. maTi cxovrebac uazro facifucSi gadis,
TiTqos raRacas akeTeben, magram sabolood dros mxolod urTier-
TTvalTvalSi, erTmaneTze WoraobaSi klaven. TiTqos am adamianebs er-
TmaneTi arc uyvarT, isini gaucxovebulan, erTmaneTis mtrebad qceulan.
mwerals ainteresebs ara erTi adamianis Sinagani samyaros Cveneba, aramed
pirovnebebis urTierTobaTa faruli arsi, misi Tanamedrove cxovrebiseu-
li simarTlis wvdoma.
zemoTnaxsenebi gancda, romelic bediswerasaviT Tan sdevT a.
sulakauris gmirebs, msoflio gancdad aRiqmeba da,Bunebrivia, ver
ganisazRvreba erTi mwerlis SemoqmedebiT an erTi qveynisa da epoqis
farglebSi moqceuli sazrunaviT. igi saerTo sakacobrio satkivridan
iRebs saTaves da erTnairad msWvalavs dedamiwis sxvdasxva kuTxeSi
mcxovreb adamianTa Tavisuflebas, mizanswrafvas, ocnebebsa da sulier
aRmafrenas. Tanamedroveobis didi mwerlisa da fsiqologis paulo
koelios gaxmaurebul romanSi `veronikam sikvdili gadawyvita~ (koelio
2005). mwerali arCil sulakauris SemoqmedebisaTvis egzom
damaxasiaTebeli ganwyobilebiT aRwers aqvariumis sulisSemxuTvel
garemos gavlenas Tanamedrove adamianis fsiqikaze. aqvariumis garemos
momnusxvel, `komfortul~ Sinaganawesis savalalo Sedegebze
Ggvesaubreba avtori, roca viletis (fsiqiatriuli saavadmyofo) yofili
binadari, ukve gamojanmrTelebuli pacienti, garedan macqeralis TvaliT
afasebs misi wris adamianebis cxovrebas. eseni arian qalaqis komfortsa
da wesrigs miCveuli Tanamedroveni, romlebic cdiloben `avzSi~
Cagubebuli wyaliviT icxovron da arasodes gascdnen maTTvis kedlebiT
Semofarglul napirebs. nawarmoebSi vkiTxulobT:
`gamojanmrTelebuli isev avzSi davbrundi da Tqven gagicaniT. didi
madloba megobrobisTvis, TanadgomisTvis, erTad gatarebuli amdeni
bednieri wuTisTvis, Cven aqvariumSi moTavsebuli TevzebiviT
gverdigverd vcxovrobdiT da bednierebi viyaviT, rom daniSnul dros

- 64 -
viRac sakvebs gviyrida da Tuki movisurvebdiT, isic SegveZli minis
kedlebs gavqceodiT da samyarosaTvis Segvexeda.
magram guSin musikisa da erTi gogonas wyalobiT Zalze
mniSvnelovani ram gavacnobiere: cxovreba aq am kedlebs SigniTac igivea,
rogoric am kedlebs gareT. aqac da iqac adamianebi jgufurad
ikribebian, sakuTar kedlebs ageben da sxvas aravis rTaven nebas maTi
uSfoTveli arseboba daarRvios. isini imitom moqmedeben, rom mieCvivnen
am qmedebebs, swavloben gamousadegar sagnebs, mxolod imitom erTobian,
rom asea miRebuli. danarCen samyaros ki rac unda is mosvlia. ukeTes
SemTxvevaSi - es ki Cven araerTs gagvikeTebia, - televizorSi erTad
naxaven axal ambebs da amasac mxolod imitom, rom erTxel kidev
darwmundnen raoden bednierebi arian problemebiTa da usamarTlobiT
savse samyaroSi. aravis surs icodes ra xdeba aqvariumis kedlebs iqiT.
Ddidi xnis ganmavlobaSi es mamSvidebda da keTil gavlenas axdenda
Cemze, magram yvela vicvlebiT da mec Tavgadasavlebis saZieblad mominda
wasvla, Tumca ukve 65 wlis var da vici, ramden winaaRmdegobas Semiqmnis
Cemi asaki. me bosniaSi mivemgzavrebi. iq adamianebi melian, romelTac jer
araferi ician Cem Sesaxeb da arc me vicnob maT. mxolod is vici, rom me
maT vWirdebi da isic mwams, rom erTi Tavganwirva sjobs keTildReobasa
da komfortis aTasobiT dRes~ (koelio 2005: 188).
paulo koelios gmiris msgavsad arCil sulakauris ozoc xsnas
gaqcevaSi xedavs: `maSin, roca iqauroba mivatove da gaviqeci, ar vicodi,
ras gavurbodi, magram axla Tu gaviqeci, ukve mecodineba, Cans ga-
vurbivar, veRar vuZleb dagubebul dumils, romelmac ananosTan erTad
mZime garsSi momaqcia da am garss Tavi rom davaRwio, imedic ara maqvs", -
ambobs ozo (`TeTri cxeni"). `mkvdruli mdgomareoba" - ase Seafasa a. su-
lakaurma is samyaro, romelSic mis personaJebs uwevT arseboba da moq-
medeba. misi gmirebi cdiloben Secvalon awmyo, magram cxovreba gaCe-
rebulia, sivrce SemosazRvruli, statikuria iseve, rogorc wyali aqva-
riumSi. dReebi erTmaneTs gvanan. sakuTari Tavis ZiebiT garTuli perso-
naJi ver erkveva realobaSi: `xandaxan meCveneba, sakuTari Tavi davkarge
da veRar vpoulob"- ambobs is. xsna gaqcevaSia, ara realobidan gaqcevaSi,
aramed fizikurad Tavis gadarCenisaTvis ltolvaSi. ojaxidan garbian mi-

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riani, daTo, ozo, gurami, givi da sxv. adamianebi garbian, emalebian
problemebs, eZeben xsnas. mwerali ar mihyveba am gmirebs, ar gviCvenebs
momavlis perspeqtivas; rac Seexeba oqros Tevzs mas aqvariumidan gaTavi-
sufleba sicocxlis fasad ujdeba: `me unda gavuZlo yvelafers, - fiq-
robda oqros Tevzi, - me unda gavuZlo... merme lurji ca da TeTri
Rrublebi dainaxa. saxlebi, saxuravebi, mere kibis rikulebian moajirsac
mohkra Tvali. es garemoze ukanaskneli Tvalis Sevleba gamodga. Zirs da-
narcxebuli qilis namsxvrevebSi uRonod farTxalebda oqros Tevzi -
sunTqva aRar SeeZlo, magram Rirsebis grZnobas mainc ar kargavda: Rirse-
ulad unda mokvde - gaifiqra oqros Tevzma - me ukvdavi var, Cemi suli
adamianebSi icocxlebs". oqros Tevzis sityvebiT: `me ukvdavi var, Cemi
suli adamianebSi icocxlebs" - mweralma xazi gausva aqvariumis Temis ma-
radiulobas, SesaZleblobas, rom momavalSi kvlav daubrundebian da
axleburad gaiazreben aseTi yofis uazrobas.
oqros Tevzisa da aqvariumis Temas exeba niWieri mwerlis xaTuna
TavdgiriZis moTxroba `don manueli da oqros Tevzi~ (TavdgiriZe, `Cveni
mwerloba~, 2009). axalgazrda mwerlis moTxrobaSi pirobiToba realur
saxes iRebs – oqros Tevzma da personaJma adgilebi gacvales, don
manueli akvariumSi moTavsda: `erTxel oqros Tevzma da don manuelma
adgilebi gacvales. roca manuelma cicqna da daxavsebul aqvariumSi
amohyo Tavi, Tavdapirvelad ar daijera, Tavisi ucnauri mdgomareoba~.
daTo naTiSvili aseTi gardasaxvaze ocnebobs, magram a. sulakauri ar
gviCvenebs mis aseT metamorfozas. x. TavdgiriZis gmiric zarmaci da
yovlad gamousadegari kacia, usaqmuri, loTi da meocnebe okeaneologi.
moTxrobaSi ise, rogorc a. sulakaurTan, oqros Tevzis gancdebzea
saubari: `oqros Tevzi Zalian Seawuxa manuelis sisuleleebis Cmaxvam.
moTminebis fiala evseboda. patara ambavi ar gaxldaT, yoveldRiurad,
manuelis mTvrali narativisa da dabiJinebuli sifaTis atana. Tanac
damyayebul wyalSi yuryuti sulac ar epitnaveboda da ekadriseboda.
oqros Tevzi iyo, bolos da bolos, ubralo ki ara. TiTqos is ar
kmaroda, sakvebis Cayra da wylis gamocvla rom aviwydebodaT,
gulaCvilebuli manueli Tevzs saalersod akvariumSi xeliT rom
dasdevda, an gabrazebulze uferflavda, axla es daStampuli ocnebebis

- 66 -
Txrobac rom dasCemda. manuelis ocnebebi Tevzs ise hqonda gazuTxuli,
rom mZinaresac SeeZlo maTi zusti TanamimdevrobiT Camorakrakeba~
(TavdgiriZe, `Cveni mwerloba~ 2009: 12). MpersonaJs, Tavisi ocnebebis
Sesrulebis dapireba Zvirad daujda - igi Tevzma moatyua da aqvariums
Tavi ver daaRwia, masSi gardaicvala. a. sulakauris da p. koelios mier
aqvariumis yofis gaazreba, am moTxrobaSi axali kuTxiTaa danaxuli. aq
saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebis alegorias enacvleba e. w. `Tevzis
depresia~, 21-e saukunis uzrunvelyofili yofisagan gazarmacebuli
adamianis cxovrebis tragedia. oqros Tevzma, romelic moklebulia
ocnebis unars da mxolod maTi Sesruleba ZaluZs, manuels survilebi
da ideebi mopara, `ubralo Tevzis TvalTaxedvam~ ar daakmayofila.
manuelis cols ver gaugia, ratom mokvda oqros Tevzi:
`kviris Tavze margom akvariumis zedapirze amotivtivebuli, mkvdari
wiTelquda rom dainaxa, erTi Sehkivla: `momkvdarxar, Se ubeduroo...~
gulrwfelad ukvirda daRvremil margos: `depresia Tevzs ratom unda
sWirdes? ari ra TavisTvis aqvariumSi, uSromlad Wams da svams, dardi
ar awuxebs da ideebi, col-Svili da sayofacxovrebo problemebi, neta
raRa eg depresia aiCemao.~ mere, ise, rom qmris saxlSi dabrunebas ar
dalodebia, mkvdari Tevzi akvariumidan mooqrovili sasauzme kovziT
amoiyvana da unitazSi Carecxa~ (TavdgiriZe, `Cveni mwerloba~ 2009: 16).…
aqvariumis alegoria, problema, romelic a. sulakauris nawar-
moebebSi mxatvrul gansaxierebas hpovebs, rogorc davinaxeT, yovel dro-
Si SeiZleba arsebobdes, droebiT SeiZleba miviwyebul iqnas, magram xSi-
rad Segvaxsenos Tavi, xSirad gaxdes axali asaxvisa da gaazrebis Tema. a.
sulakauris mxatvruli prozis qveteqstebze da saTqmelis metaforulad
gadmocemaze dakvirveba saSualebas gvaZlevs Cveneuli interpretacia da
axsna mivceT zogierT avtoriseul miniSnebas. udavoa, rom statikuri
dro da aqvariumis uZravi stiqia aris a. sulkauris Tanadrouli cxov-
rebis anarekli, aqvariumi ki totalitaruli saxelmwifos simboluri ga-
moxatulebaa. yvelafers Seguebuli oqros Tevzi saxea im adamianebisa,
romlebic mwerlis gverdiT trialebdnen - xedavdnen, esmodaT,
grZnobdnen, aRiqvamdnen da aanalizebdnen irgvliv mimdinare movlenebs,
magram oqros Tevzis msgavsad Tqmis ufleba ar hqondaT, an vis ainter-

- 67 -
esebda sabWoTa imperiaSi rigiTi mokvdavis grZnobebi da azrebi. albaT,
swored es sayovelTaod cnobili akrZalvebis faqtori uqmnida safuZ-
vels XX saukunis 60-an wlebSi mwerlebs alegoriuli azrovnebiTa da
miniSnebebiT eTqvaT TavianTi saTqmeli.

b) omis Tema
a. sulakauris Taobas mtkivneulad Seexo omis qariSxliani dReebis
susxi, amitomac omis Temas mwerlis SemoqmedebaSi wamyvani adgili uWi-
ravs. TiTqmis yvela mis prozaul nawarmoebSi pirdapir Tu arapirdapir
gamJRanebuli da asaxulia iseTi STabeWdilebebi, omisagan
adamianebisaTvis miyenebuli tkivilebiT da mZime sulieri gancdebiT
rom aris nasazrdoebi. Cvens literaturaTmcodneobaSi, rodesac saubaria
60-iani wlebis Taobis wvlilze qarTul mwerlobaSi (a. sulakauri, n.
dumbaZe, r. jafariZe, o. ioseliani, r. WeiSvili, T. WilaZe da sxv.), xaz-
gasmulia, rom meore msoflio omis peripetiebma, am udidesma msoflio
katastrofam, gansazRvres kidec maTi Semoqmedebis Tavisebureba.
`a. sulakauri ar erideboda cecxlisa da maxvilis Tematikas. samagie-
rod, Zalumad igrZnoba is sulieri stresi, romelsac ganicdis omis Te-
maze werisas. mas ufro adamianis Sinagani samyaro izidavs. mis
moTxrobebSi omis grgvinva sulac ar gaismis, samagierod, Zalumad ig-
rZnoba is sulieri stresi, romelsac ganicdis omisagan daTrgunuli
calkeuli individi Tu mTeli sazogadoeba. amave dros, mwerali farTod
uxsnis gzas Tavisi cnobierebis bavSvobisdroindel anarekls" (arCvaZe:
`literaturuli saqarTvelo", 1999) marTebulad aRniSnavdnen, rom `omze
dawerili axali wignebi avsebdnen da ar cvlidnen mTavar simarTles
omis Sesaxeb. novatoroba vlindeba ara realobis asaxvaSi, aramed omis
Sesaxeb Cveni codnis gaRrmavebaSi, mis analizSi, omis winaaRmdegobebisa
da kanonzomierebebis ganviTarebis wvdomaSi. dRes, mwerals aqvs saSua-
leba Sori manZilidan da sxva droidan dainaxos omis fsiqologia, uf-
ro Rrmad Seiswavlos, uyuros movlenebs masStaburad: memuarebi, piradi
gamocdileba, dro, sivrce. daSoreba da mweralTa ostatoba ganapirobebs
omis Temaze arsebuli literaturis maRal dones". (Rvinjilia 1990: 455).

- 68 -
 omisSemdgom mweralTa TaobisaTvis omi asaxvisa da gansjis sagnad
iqca da SeiZleba iTqvas, omis Tematikam xelovnebis yvela sfero mTlia-
nad moicva. omis saSinelebebma, ngrevam, milionobiT adamianis xocva-Jle-
tam uamravi problema dautova kacobriobas, rac qmnida kidevac mweral-
TaTvis axali siuJetebis Seqmnisa da am Temaze weris mravalferovan Se-
saZleblobebs. adamiani da omi - es ori mxare mTavaria am Temaze ar-
sebul literaturaSi. is organzomilebiania - adamianis roli omis bedis
gadawyvetaSi da omis roli adamianis cxovrebaSi. es ori problema ar
asvenebda da niadag aRelvebda rogorc mwerlebs, aseve mkiTxvelsac.
wero da isaubro omze, ar niSnavda da ar niSnavs adido gmirebi an aZago
moRalateebi, an kidev mxatvrulad aRwero ama Tu im brZolis bataluri
scena. am yvelaferTan erTad, mweralma unda SeZlos dagvanaxos Tavisi
damokidebuleba am dramatuli movlenisadmi, masSi monawile adamianebis
eTikur-zneobrivi dacemis Tu amaRlebis procesi, romelic xSirad dafa-
rulia omis qarcecxlis kvamlsa da qaosSi. swored, am kuTxiT gaa-
cocxla omis Tema a. sulakaurma moTxrobebSi `talRebi napirisken mois-
wrafian", `luka", `mtredebi", romlebSic wina planze wamoswia adamianis
sulis siRrmeebSi mimaluli ufaqizesi gancdebi.
omma kidev erTxel Seaxsena da gaumZafra adamianebs maradiuli sa-
fiqrali sicocxleze, sikvdilze, siyvarulze. es sami, magram cal-calke
arsebuli Tema, gaerTianda omis Temaze daweril zemoT naxseneb
nawarmoebebSi da amave dros SeiZina axali mxatvruli gaazreba. qarTul
mwerlobaSi omis Temaze araerTi RirsSesaniSnavi nawarmoebi Seiqmna da
iqmneba dResac. moTxrobaSi `talRebi napirisken miiswrafian" a.
sulakauri Seecada originalurad gaeazrebina adamianis bedisa da omis,
zogadad, mkacri realobis urTierTobis problema. mweralma SeZlo ise
daexata es urTierTobebi, rom arsebiTi yuradReba gadaetana pirovnebis
sulieri cxovrebis ufaqizes niuansebze, misi zneobrivi amaRlebisa Tu
dacemis Cvenebaze. omis Temaze dawerili nawarmoebebiT a. sulakaurma
SeZlo mTavari - mkiTxvelSi gamoewvia zizRi da Seurigebloba omisa da
misi damangreveli Sedegebis mimarT. omiT miyenebuli tkivilebis Sexor-
ceba da gamTlianeba mSvidobiani cxovrebis pirobebSic ki Znelad xdeba.
mweralma moaxerxa eCvenebina omi ise, rom mkiTxvelis yuradReba mieqcia

- 69 -
rTul stuaciebSi moxvedrili adamianebis moqmedebis fsiqologiuri da
moraluri mxarisaTvis, zneobriobis momentebisaTvis. am moTxrobaSi omi
aRar aris heroikisa da gmirobis gamomJRavnebis e. w. `momxibvleli" aspa-
rezi. moTxrobaSi `talRebi napirisken miiswrafian" erTmaneTs upirispir-
deba erTis mxriv, boroteba, ramac omis mTeli saSineleba daatriala da
sikvdils sicocxleze gamarjveba moawadina, meore mxriv ki, qaliSvilis
nazi, sufTa, sicocxlis siyvaruliT da sinaziT savse buneba.
moTxrobaSi sikeTisa da borotebis dapirispireba daxatulia jariskaci-
sa da zemdegis, miwisa da zRvisa saxiT. zRva - yovlismSTanTqmeli stiqi-
is simboloa, romelic TiTqos `iparavs adamianebs da Tavis wiaRSi ma-
lavs maT~. jariskaci Zlieria, gamarjvebaSi darwmunebulia, bunebiT op-
timistia. zemdegi - uxeSi, praqtikuli, Tavis gadarCenis instiqtiT
Sepyrobili kacia.
miuxedavad imisa, rom teqstSi kargad aris aRwerili saSinelebaTa
scenebi, axalgazrda jariskacSi mainc ar qreba mSvenierebisaken swraf-
vis survili - es, albaT, is didi grZnobaa, romelic amaRlebs adamians
cxovelur instinqtebze da aiZulebs sicocxlis mSvenierebaze ifiqros.
moTxrobaSi ar aris SurisZiebis magaliTebi, ar Cans gmiruli Tavgan-
wirva an Tundac raime iseTi epizodi, sabrZolo moqmedeba, romelSic Se-
iZleba jariskacis maRali patriotuli grZnoba da sulis simtkice uSua-
lod gamovlindes. arc mtris konkretuli saxea moTxrobaSi gamokveTi-
li, arsad Cans germaneli jariskacis, rogorc mowinaaRmdegis, mkvleli-
sa da moZaladis uaryofiTi saxe. moTxrobaSi a. sulakauri xelovnurad
ar amuqebs ferebs, igi ar cdilobs gamogonili Suq-CrdilebiT Semosos
omis sulisSemZvreli suraTebi. mwerali detalebisa da calkeuli epizo-
debis meSveobiT gvixatavs naomar sofels. aq balaxgadavlili bilikebia,
CarRveuli Robeebia, sicocxleCamkvdari garemoa, romelSic majiscemasa-
viT gaismis jariskacis nabijebis xma: `nabijebis xma hgavda im sust
majiscemas, romliTac momakvdav adamians sicocxlis niSan-wyals atyoben
xolme"; `jariskacs undoda male gascloda iqaurobas, gascloda Semza-
rav dumils, sicarieles, kacobriobas, nabijs moumata, TiTqmis garboda".
a. sulakauris moTxrobis gmirebi is axalgazrdebi arian, romelTac
omi gamoiares da amiT gaisigrZeganes `adamis Zis sulisa da gonebis ga-

- 70 -
naxlebis gza"; es aris jojoxeTuri gansacdelis, sikvdilTan ziarebis
da Semdeg mkvdreTiT aRdgomis gza. swored, personaJebis cxovrebis
aseTi vnebaTaRelva gansazRvravs kidec moTxrobis Tematikis aqtua-
lobas.
mkiTxvelSi tkivilian TanagrZnobas aRZravs suraTi, roca jariskaci
saganebod amorCeul borcvze saflavs uTxris sayvareli qalis usulo
gvams. moTxrobis pirvelive striqonebidanve cxadi xdeba, Tu ra sasowar-
kveTa dauflebiaT adamianebs. jariskacma `mzera ratomRac gatitvlebul
borcvze SeaCera. `albaT, im borcvidan zRva xelisguliviT moCans" - gai-
fiqra man da mere sakuTar fiqrs fiqriTve upasuxa: `Tumca sul erTi ar
aris, moCans Tu ara?!". sxva dros, albaT, jariskaci borcvze daufiq-
reblad airbenda da zRvis cqeriT Tvals daatkbobda, magram axla, roca
omia, roca adamianebi erTmaneTs xocaven, roca erTaderTi sazrunavi si-
cocxlis SenarCunebaa, igi WoWmanobs, silamazis SegrZnobisaTvis aRar
scalia, magram mainc inarCunebs swrafvas amaRlebulisadmi, mSvenierisad-
mi. es, albaT, is grZnobaa, rac adamians cxovelisagan gamoarCevs. amisaT-
vis sababs eZebs jariskaci: `ra moxdeba, iq rom davmarxo?" aba! miwa er-
Tnairia aqac da iqac, magram am omianobaSi is ver miscems Tavs uflebas,
rom tyuilubralod avides borcvze da zRvas ucqiros. qalis damarxva
ki ukve sapatio mizezia. es aris da es: `jariskaci pirvelad xedavda am
Semzarav suraTs, pirvelad aRiqvamda zRvas, rogorc uzarmazar sasafla-
os, sadac ar iyo arc xis jvrebi, arc samaris qvebi da arc obeliskebi.
zRva TiTqos adamianebs iparavda da Tavis wiaRSi malavda, maTi ar-
sebobis araviTar niSanwyals ar tovebda, TiTqos iyo da ara iyo ra".
sicocxles azri ekargeba, Tuki mas didi mizani ar gaaCnia. adamiani
yovelTvis sinaTlisaken, ganTiadisken iswrafvis. ganTiadi ki erTgvari
simboloa omis, ngrevis da sikvdilis damarcxebisa. igi jer kidev winaa,
momavalSia - aseTia paTosi moTxrobisa:
`netavi ganTiadamde macocxla, - xmamaRla inatra jariskacma. `ganTia-
damde" - fiqrSi Tqva zemdegma. mas unda ganTiadamde icocxlos ... saoca-
ri kacia, saqme is aris, ar mokvde, Torem mniSvneloba ar aqvs rodis mok-
vdebi, ganTiadamde Tu SuaRamiT". jariskaci Zlieri pirovnebaa, amitomac

- 71 -
sicocxleze fiqriT protests ucxadebs sikvdils: `me ar minda, ZilSi
movkvde... sikvdilis win minda vifiqro.
- mainc raze ginda ifiqro?
- sicocxleze".
sapirispirod, zemdegisaTvis mTavari Tavisi tyavis gadarCenaa, si-
cocxlis mSvenierebaze fiqris arc dro aqvs da arc niWi moucia RmerTs:
`ra azri aqvs brZolas, roca mteri namdvilad gjabnis?
- isini ver gaimarjveben - pasuxobs jariskaci.
- Cven?
- Cven aucileblad!
- rodis?
- me ar vici rodis, magram Cven aucileblad gavimarjvebT".
momakvdav jariskacs sicocxlis bolo wuTebSic optimizmi ar
tovebs. misTvis ara aqvs mniSvneloba, igi iqneba Tu ara piradad ga-
marjvebis monawile, mTavaria rom saqme, romlisTvisac igi ibrZvis, gai-
marjvebs. aq is viTarebaa, romelic erT xalxur leqsSi SesaniSnavad
aris gadmocemuli;
`- wagigiaT omi, givargil!
- wavageT omi, dedofalo!
- maS, ra azri hqonda brZolas, givargil?!
- brZolas yovelTvis aqvs azri, dedofalo!".
marTlac, saocari suliskveTebis personaJi dagvixata mweralma
jariskacis saxiT. mas jiutad, ganTiadisas unda sikvdili da sikvdilis
win sicocxleze fiqrobs. igi im ganTiads elodeba, roca aTasjer
dabadebuli samyaro isev Tavidan daibadeba, kvlav gaCndeba imedi, sinaT-
le, siTbo. jariskacis amgvarma aRsasrulma SeZra zemdegis uxeSi suli.
`gaocebuli usmenda zemdegi, man raRac uxilavi ixila. gaugonari ga-
igona, Cauwvdomels Cawvda". vrwmundebiT, rom ukvalod araferi ikargeba.
erTi adamianis sikvdilma meores daanaxa, risTvis Rirs sicocxle, rom
umizno cxovrebas azri ara aqvs, rom Tu ki miwaze dadixar, unda icode
kidec, Seni uzenaesi movaleoba: emsaxuro sikeTes, siyvaruls, gagaCndes
axlis Ziebis wyurvili da Tundac SurisZieba. jariskacis sikvdilma zem-
degs aTqmevina: `me viZieb Surs Riad darCenili saflavebisaTvis". ese igi,

- 72 -
is mxolod sakuTari TavisaTvis aRar icocxlebs, masSi am wuTidan ori
sicocxle gansaxierdeba - misi da jariskacisa, romelmac Tavisi sikvdi-
liT azri daubruna sxvis sicocxles. es ki imas niSnavs, rom erTi kargi
ram moxda im saSinelebis fonze, romelsac omi hqvia. zemdegs Tvali
aexila. is mixvda, ratom undoda jariskacs ganTiadisas sikvdili da ra-
tom mReroda momakvdavi jariskaci sikvdilis win Tavis `gulis simRe-
ras".
sasikvdilod daWrili jariskacis ukanaskneli simRera Tavzardamcem
STabeWdilebas axdens zemdegze: `jariskaci mReroda Riad darCenil saf-
lavebze. gardacvlil qalze, romlis sasikvdilo sareceli haerSi gaw-
vdili ori mklavi iyo - igi mReroda zRvaze, romelic adamianebs iparav-
da... igi SurisZiebaze mReroda...zemdegi mixvda, rom jariskaci am simReras
axla Txzavda, grZnobda da rom es simRera mas avsebda". simReriT wasu-
li jariskaci imarjvebs sikvdilze da misi naTeli suli sxvasac
asxivosnebs. cxovrebaSi Zlieri sulis mqonem unda gaimarjvos mdabali
instiqtebis gamovlenaze, Suqma unda gafantos sibnele, sikeTis zeimi
gardauvalia. amitomacaa, rom adre gulcivi zemdegi, axla Tvalze crem-
lmoreuli, amRrveuli mzeriT dahyurebs jariskacs, romelic mokvda, mag-
ram datova didi, naTeli azri da didi mizani cxovrebisa. zemdegs ar es-
mis jariskacis simReris mniSvneloba, magram mainc imeorebs mas, radgan
grZnobs, rom mxolod jariskaculi valis moxdaSia axla misi gadarCeni-
li sicocxlis azri. ganTiadi gardauvalia, adamiani ar aris gaCenili
imisaTvis, rom movides bneleTidan da dabrundes bneleTSi; saWiro iyo
jariskacis sikvdili, saWiro iyo zemdegi uSualod daswreboda mis sik-
vdils, enaxa igi iseTi, rogoric arasodes ar unaxavs, rom masSi garda-
texa dawyebuliyo, misi meryeoba gamqraliyo.
moTxrobis gmirebi - jariskaci da qaliSvili siyvaruls
mowyurebuli axalgazrda qal-vaJia. isini eZeben, pouloben erTmaneTs,
magram dapirispireba, ganxeTqileba gardauvalia: `erTi SexedviT Tqven
yvelani hgavxarT erTmaneTs", - sinanuliT etyvis qali jariskacs sikvdi-
lis win. igi motyuvda, sabediswero Secdoma Caidina: zemdegi ukanmobru-
nebuli jariskaci egona. male mixvda, rom Secda, magram ukve gvian iyo.
imasac male mixvda, raSic gulwrfelad gamoutyda jariskacs: `Sen SegeZ-

- 73 -
lo Cemi siyvaruli, mas - ara". omma daaSora Seyvarebulebi, magram erTma-
neTs Seaxvedra siyvarulSi moqiSpe ori mamakaci - jariskaci da zemdegi.
jariskaci zemdegs aRiqvams, rogorc saZulvel `mesames". asec unda yofi-
liyo, magram garemoebaTa gamo `angariSissworebis dro ar aris~. wyvil-
Ta urTierTobaSi `mesames" Seaqvs konfliqti, wesrigs cvlis qaosi, idi-
lias - drama, simSvides - mSfoTvareba. irRveva adamianTa urTierTobaSi
arsebuli harmonia, imitom, rom adiulteris anu `mesamis" gamoCenis Sem-
deg erT-erTs rCeba pativayrilobis, RirsebaSelaxulis, Seuracxyofilis
grZnoba.
omis Tema xSirad Tavad karnaxobda mwerlebs Txrobis eqspesiul
mdinarebas, Tumca am Temaze werisas mravali mwerali ver acda garkveul
Stamps, ideologiuri zewoliT ganpirobebul yalbi heroikiT azrovnebas.
swored, amas auara gverdi a. sulakaurma da gabeduli novatoruli mig-
nebiT Seqmna sruliad axali saxe pirovnebisa da meomrisa. moTxrobaSi
gmiris sikvdili mkiTxvelSi ar badebs sasowarkveTilebis SegrZnebas,
mwerali ar gvaZrwunebs naturalisturi aRweris mkacri simarTliT, ara-
med aRZravs amaRlebulis, siamayis, sikvdilis damarcxebis gancdas.
jariskacs mTeli arsebiT aqvs Segnebuli, rom qveynad yvelaferi warmava-
lia, sikvdili gardauvalia. aq, am SemTxvevaSi, mTavaria ara `ra", aramed
`rogor" - jariskacma icis, rom mokvdeba da mxolod is afiqrebs, Tu ro-
gor moxdeba es. mas SeiZleba iTqvas `daumarcxeblad sikvdili" unda.
-`ras gaCumebulxar? - hkiTxa zemdegma SiSnarevi xmiT.
- vkvdebi!
sityva qaris frTebma aitaces da, rogorc balRma wylis zedapirze
brtyeli qva, ise gaasriala talRebze...
jariskaci gaunZrevlad iwva. araferze aRar fiqrobda. ara imitom,
rom safiqrali Semoleoda, ara, fiqri ar SeeZlo...
- deda, movdivar, - Tqva CurCuliT jariskacma.
rodesac igi Sinidan gadioda `mivdivaro" - dedas gaagonebda. deda
SeekiTxeboda: `Svilo, rodis dabrundebio?", Svili upasuxebda - `male".
axla aravin SehkiTxvia da arc mas upasuxia, rodis dabrundeboda. wavida
Cumad, udrtvinvelad. wavida ise, TiTqos male dabrundeboda". aravin
icis, sikvdilis win ra warmoisaxa mis gonebaSi. iqneb dainaxa ga-

- 74 -
zafxuli, romelic amwvanebda nazamTral zvrebsa da yanebs, gzadagza
TeTrad afeTqebda nuSis kvirtebs, aRviZebda mcenareebs Walebsa Tu mTis
ferdobebze.
literaturSi gmiris sikvdilis mravali scenaa aRwerili. gavixsenoT
rogor kvdeboda Tavadi andrei (lev tolstoi), rogor iRupeboda engur-
Tan SeWidebuli TaraS emxvari (konstantine gamsaxurdia), rogor mokvda
daTa TuTaSxia (Wabua amirejibi). `tragikuli gansacdeli udidesi da
utyuari sasinjia pirovnebis avkargianobisa - werda g. qiqoZe - misi
simxdalisa da sulmokleobisa, an misi gmirobis da suldidobisa; dezde-
mona angelozisebr sinazes qmrisadmi da siyvarulis ganuzomlobas maSin
iCens, roca saSineli katastrofa moaxloebulia. istoriul pirebs So-
ris robespierma, dantonma da napoleonma udidesi mxareebi TavianTi
bunebisa tragikul katastrofaSi gamoaaSkaraves da amiT maTi mra-
valmxrivi naklulovanebani daCrdilul iyo" (qiqoZe 1965: 494)
Tavad andrei balkonskis, sasikvdilo Wrilobis miRebis Semdeg, uec-
rad uCndeba sicocxlis saocari wyurvili (tolsto 1962). mis arsebas
ipyrobs jer manamde ganucdeli gancda sicocxlis siyvarulisa. TiTqos
pirvelad xedavs mwvane xasxasa balaxs, miwas, romelzedac daWrili wevs.
mSvenieria mindori da is kvamlic ki, afeTqebulma yumbaram rom datova: -
`me ar SemiZlia, me ar minda sikvdili" - ambobs Tavadi andrei. mas es gan-
cda ar tovebs da cdilobs rogorme gaerkves am grZnobis mozRvavebaSi -
ratom gauWirda ase Zalian sicocxlesTan ganSoreba. ufro mogvianebiT
Tavadi balkonskisaTvis naTeli gaxdeba, Tu ratom uWirda sicocxles-
Tan ganSoreba; masSi iRviZebs qristianuli siyvaruli mtris mimarT, ro-
gorc mas misi da maria aswavlida da romlis arsic misTvis manamde
gaugebari iyo. es jerac ucnobi grZnoba mtris siyvarulisa Tavadis ar-
sebaSi pirvelad maSin gacnobierda, roca TviTon sasikvdilod daWrili
dainaxavs gasisxlianebul kuragins, akvnesebulsa da momkvdavs.
`ai, ra mrCeboda me cxovrebaSi daujerebeli, albaT, amitomac ar min-
doda sikvdili", - aTqmevinebs lev tolstoi mis gmirs (tolstio 1962:
276). Tavadi andreis xasiaTSi am axali gancdis aRmoCenis Semdeg, ver
vimsjelebT imaze, Tu rogor moiqceoda igi cocxali rom gadarCeni-
liyo, radgan mitevebis saidumlo, TanagrZnoba, mowinaaRmdegis Secodeba

- 75 -
da Tundac siyvaruli mtrisadmi - es grZnobebi, am SemTxvevaSi, gmiris
sulSi iRviZebs maSin, roca sikvdili ukve karsaa momdgari.
analitikuri msjelobiTaa mowodebuli sxvisi, mtris sicocxlis
xelyofis motivi a. sulakauris am moTxrobaSic. jariskacis fiqri,
romelSic mtrisadmi damokidebulebaa gamJRavnebuli, imdroindel
qarTul literaturaSi arsebuli Tematikis axleburi gaazrebis
mcdelobaa:
`marTlac ra ginda am kacisagan? - gauelva jariskacs fiqrma. rogor
SeiZleba mokla kaci, romelic SensaviT ar fiqrobs, SensaviT ar azrov-
nebs, romelsac sxvanairad esmis cxovreba? mere ra rom Sen iaraRi gaqvs
xelSi, Zala gvaqvs da is Senze sustia... Tu Sen marTali xar, daarwmune,
daajere, rom marTali xar. simarTles advilad grZnoben, xvdebian, mas
ar unda iaraRi... arc maTraxi...~
momakvdavis arsebaSi mimdinareobs brZola siZulvilsa da siyvaruls
Soris. mtris ganadgurebis survili, SurisZieba, icvleba monaniebis
grZnobiT da, garkveuli situaciis gamo, mtris siyvarulis gancdiT. ra
Tqma unda, arCil sulakauris jariskacs amoZravebs qristianuli morali
da mimteveblobis didi niWi. man zemdegs namdvili `gogoTuroba~ (vaJa-
fSavela) gauwia. gavixsenoT striqonebi a. sulakauris leqsidan, sadac
aludas monaTesave lirikuli gmiri gvimxels sakuTar damokidebulebas
mtrisadmi:
`SeSfoTebuli Zveli sizmrebiT
mTaSi gavrbodi bilik da bilik,
rogorc karavi rame cisferi,
sadRac meloda Rrubeli Tbili,
ukan momdevda mucalis landi
da momZaxoda: - momkali barem!
magram RrublebSi me aRar vCandi
da aRar Canda samSoblo mxare.
aravis vumxel, mucalis tyvia
gulSi mWirs, guliT damaqvs ra xani
da wylulSi vitev oxvras da Rvias
da merme, rogorc yvavils davxari.

- 76 -
 aw mteri Cemi Zma aris Cemi
da yovel Rames sizmrad mewveva,
modgeba Rrublis da nislis feri
da iaraze cremlad mecema~.
(`mTani maRalni~).
omi aiZulebs adamianebs kaciskvlasa da sisxlis Rvras, amitomac
danaSaulis grZnoba mTeli cxovreba ar tovebs moazrovne pirovnebas da
uSfoTebs sicocxles. Aasea es g. fanjikiZis moTxrobaSi `reqviemi~
(fanjikiZe 2003). mTavri gmiri Tornike Secbunebuli dascqeris mkerdze
mibneul ordenebs da SviliSvilis SekiTxvaze - `babu, ramdeni kaci gyavs
mokluli?~ - pasuxs ver cems. SviliSvilis miamituri SekiTxva wamoSlis
moxucis mtkivneul asociaciebs, koSmarul fiqrebs, abrunebs im
warsulTan, romlis mowme da mxilveli axla mxolod TviTonaa.
a. sulakauris jariskaci alal-marTali pirovnebaa. ar SeuZlia
mtroba, SurisZieba, amitomac xazgasmulad SeiZleba aRvniSnoT, rom
axalgazrda kacis fsiqikaSi sikvdilis SiSic ki ver afermkrTalebs mis
maRal sulierebas. Tu Rrmad CaveZiebiT jariskacis zemoTqmul sityvebis
azrs, aSkara gaxdeba, rom mwerlis msoflmxedvelobis amosavalia SiSi
iseTi sikvdilisa, romelic gaigivebulia ukvalod gaqrobasTan da arar-
sebobasTan; romlisakenac abrunebs sikvdili adamians - aris RmerTi -
naTlis, ganTiadis saxiT gamoxatuli. amitomac elodeba momakvdavi
jariskaci ganTiadis dadgomas. moaruli Tezis mixedviT, `ufrosebs
mxolod erT mxareze SeuZliaT omi moigon, magram jariskacebi orive
mxareze ageben mas" da, marTlac, omSi gamarjvebulebi ar arseboben, rad-
gan oms sazogadod moaqvs ngreva, SimSili, sikvdili, qaosi da ga-
ucxoveba.
`talRebi napirisken miiswrafian" - es aris moTxroba, romelSic aR-
werilia sami adamianis bedi sisxlismRvreli omis fonze. nawarmoebi sa-
interesoa imdenad, ramdenadac masSi adamianis sulis Seucnobeli
samyaros wvdomis cdaa mocemuli maSin, rodesac milionobiT adamiani
ixoceba, calkeuli pirovnebebis gancdebi aravis ainteresebs. mweralma
ki, swored, aseTi situaciiT gamowveuli fsiqologiuri niuansebis
daxatva da warmoCena daisaxa miznad.

- 77 -
 a. sulakaurma aseTive didi ostatobiT gviCvena mtkvarze gaSenebuli
qalaqis erT ubanSi, CuRureTSi omis dramatuli Semosvla. dagvixata pa-
tara gias (`biWi da ZaRli"); lukas (`luka") nanasa da levanis (`mtre-
debi") ozosa da maT megobrebis (`TeTri cxeni") mZime cxovreba. isini
frontis zurgSi darCenili, did saqmes SeWidebuli is gogo-biWebi arian,
romlebic TavianT moqalaqeobriv vals pirnaTlad ixdian qveynis,
xalxisa da sakuTari sindisis winaSe.
`mtredebi" mweralma 1959 wels gamoaqveyna da moTxrobam imTaviTve
moipova mkiTxvelis didi siyvaruli. a. sulakauris am moTxrobaSi xaz-
gasmulad igrZnoba mwerlis is saocari lirizmi, romelic mas, rogorc
poets, swored, poeziidan gadmohyva prozaSi. moTxrobaSi e. w. `zurgis"
cxovrebaa gacocxlebuli. omisdroindeli Tbilisis yofiT fonze
momxdari ambiT mwerali gvaziarebs adamianuri ubraloebis, TanagrZnobis
sikeTisa da sulieri sisufTavis momxiblav silamazes. erTi SexedviT am
moTxrobaSi gadmocemul ambavSi gansakuTrebuli araferia, magram
mkiTxvelze igi momnusxvel STabeWdilebas axdens. am rigis ganwyobas
qmnis n. dumbaZis SesaniSnavi nawarmoebebi - “me, bebia, iliko da
ilarioni” da “me vxedav mzes” (dumbaZe 1966). maTSi mweralma udidesi
lirizmiTaA da GhumanizmiT dagvixata mozardTa saxeebi, meore msoflio
omis qarcecxlian dReebSi sofelSi myofi biWebis - sosoiasa da
zurikelas ERimiliTA da iumoriT, cremliTA da tragizmiT aRsavse
cxovreba. “qveynad omi Tua da qveyana iqceva, Sen ra gixaria, Se
upatrono~, - eubneba ilarioni sosoias da miuxedavad yvelafrisa -
SimSilisa, siRaribisa, n. dumbaZis gmirebi mainc Seyvarebulebi arian
bunebaze, samSobloze, cxovroben siyvarulisaTvis da Tavadac irgvliv
siyvaruls Tesaven.
kiTxulob a. sulakauris nawarmoebs da giCndeba gancda, rom Senc mis
personaJebTan erTad xar, saxuravebze, mtredebs sakenks uyri, cas uTval-
Tvaleb, daWril jariskacebs elaparakebi - `ver warmogidgenia, Tu
qveyanaze axla omia, Tu ingreva qalaqebi, Tu kvdebian adamianebi" - ase
fiqroben nana da levani. mwerali kargad icnobs mozardis fsiqologias
da icis, rom Znelia sikvdilze fiqri, maSin, roca Teqvsmeti wlisa xar
da gverdiT Seni sayvareli arsebaa, Znelia siZulvilze fiqri, roca

- 78 -
Seyvarebuli xar da mTeli Seni arseba siyvaruliTaa ganaTebuli.
moTxrobis gmirebi levani da nana mxolod kviraobiT xvdebian erTma-
neTs, saxuravze, morigeobis dros. mxolod oTxi kviradRis cxovrebaa aq
aRwerili, magram am mokle droSi avtorma SeZlo maqsimalurad Caetia
misi mTavari saTqmeli. `levani daRlili movida samorigeod: `Tvlema mo-
eria... magram ara, daRlili Tvalebi SeumCneveli SeSfoTebiT SesCerebod-
nen zecas, ufro metic, am SeSfoTebaSi ucnauri SiSic gamokrTeboda
xolme. ra Tqma unda, es SiSic SeumCneveli iyo, radgan daRliloba da
uZiloba SiSsac da SeSfoTebasac erTnairad nTqavda... levans daRlili,
gamouZinebeli saxe hqonda, aseTi saxe me-10 klasel moswavleebs saerTod
iSviaTad aqvT xolme, magram maSin sxva dro iyo, levani diliT qarxanaSi
dadioda saRamoTi – skolaSi. mama da ufrosi Zma omis pirveli dRidan
gaiwvies jarSi da ojaxi dedis da umcrosi Svilis anabara darCa.
levans kvira dRe Tavisufali hqonda da saxuravze amoagzavnes cis
saTvalTvalod. iwva da umzerda cas. ca lurji da kriala iyo, magram
daRlili, gamouZinebeli Tvalebi SeumCneveli SeSfoTebiT SeCereboda
zecas. ufro metic, am SeSfoTebaSi ucnauri SiSic gamokrTeboda xolme
(`mtredebi~).
`levanma uceb SeniSna, nanas rogor Seecvala saxe. qaliSvilma SiSiT
axeda cas da smenad daiZaba:
- vaime gesmis?- waiCurCula man.
Rrublebidan moismoda TviTmfrinavebis yru guguni. gugunma moicva
dedamiwisa da Rrublebs Soris darCenili sivrce. am gugunma daaxSo da
STanTqa yvela xma, romelic manamde moismoda qalaqis quCebSi. nana da
levani cas Secqerodnen.
axla mavTulebi awivldnen civad, xolo TviTmfrinavebis guguni
TandaTan miwyda... guguni ukve aRar ismoda da Cumi dabali Rrublebi
mZimed awveboda qalaqs (`mtredebi~).
oms saxe Seucvlia qalaqisaTvis, Tbiliss daukargavs Zveli elferi.
irgvliv gaWirveba, SiSi, siRaribea, yvelgan puris rigebia. skolis Se-
nobaSi daWrili jariskacebi CausaxlebiaT. siduxWiris kvali axalgaz-
rdebis CacmulobaSic igrZnoba. `nanas ruxi, uxeSi maudis kaba ecva da
Tavze Wreli CiTis naWeri hqonda moxveuli". levans - ` Zmis Zveli Sar-

- 79 -
val-xalaTi ecva. Zma levanze ufro maRali da ufro tansruli iyo. ami-
tom levans misi tanisamosi tanze CvariviT ekida da sasacilo iers aZ-
levda". ZvelmanebSi gamowyobili, uZilobiTa da puris rigebSi dgomiT
daqanculi axalgazrdebi ar dagideven daRlilobas. gvxiblavs maTi uSu-
aloba, siwrfele, Sinagani patiosneba, kdemamosileba da sicocxlisadmi
trfiali. nana da levani, Cveulebrivi axalgazrdebi arian, magram ro-
gorc ki isini saubars iwyeben, maSinve gamorCeuli axdebian maTi Tanato-
lebisagan. isini iseT sakiTxebze msjeloben da fiqroben, rac arasodes
mouvaT azrad maT Tanatolebs, magaliTad, puris gamyidvel vasikos; mag-
ram, samwuxarod, maT naTel azrebs da miswrafebebs, fiqrebs da ocnebebs
ar SeuZliaT omis SeCereba, albaT, swored amas gamoxatavs nanas
sityvebi: `Semodgomis mze ragind Tbili ar iyos, foTolcvenas ver SeaCe-
rebs". oms Tavisi ulmobeli kanonebi aqvs da am kanonebs umorCilebs
adamianebis beds, romelsac ukve bedisweris xeli marTavs. omi rom ar
yofiliyo, nana da levani cis saTvalTvalod saxuravze ver moxvdebod-
nen. WirSi erTad yofnam isini erTmaneTTan daakavSira; es imitom, rom
karsmomdgarma ubedurebam da sikvdilma adamianebi da adamianuri sikeTe
sanTliT saZebari gaxada.
majiscemasaviT ufeTqavs omiT SeZrwunebul, miCumebul qalaqs jaris-
kacebis nabijebis xma, romlSic erTdroulad miyuCebuli qalaqis imedi,
muqara, sicocxlisadmi ltolvac aris Caqsovili: `quCidan mwyobri
nabijebis xma moisma. levanma miayura mere sarkmelTan mivida da gayuCda.
erTi, ori, sami... nabijebis xma aq ufro mkafiod moismoda.
jariskacebi wvimaSi modiodnen, modiodnen TaviT fexebamde gawuwulni.
wvimis frTa saxeSi scemda maT, Semodgomis civi wvima. jariskacebi mainc
miabijebdnen mwyobrad, mkacrad. modiodnen saxemoRuSulni
dausruleblad modiodnen: erTi, ori, sami...
nabijebis xmaurma aavso mTeli quCa, nabijebis xmam aavso quCis yvela
kunWuli... dedamiwaze mxolod nabijebis xma ismoda~.
oms sikvdili da gaCanageba moaqvs. verc Cveni gmirebi gadaurCebian
omis Sedegebs. `Seni Zma daiRupa - gmirulad", eZaxian saxuravze myof le-
vans ezoSi moTamaSe mezoblis biWebi: `levans TvalT daubnelda,
dabarbacda, nanam xeli SeaSvela". `gmirulad", saocaria, bavSvobidan

- 80 -
iwyeba imis garCeva, Tu raoden mniSvnelovania rogor mokvdebi. ezoSi ki
saxeawiTlebuli, omobanas TamaSiT aRgznebuli bavSvebi erTmaneTs das-
devdnen, usafrdebodnen, xis Tofebs umiznebdnen da esrodnen... yoveli
maTgani, albaT, cdilobda, Tu daiRupeboda, gmirulad daRupuliyo. bav-
SvebisaTvis omi TamaSia. albaT, gmirobac TamaSia.
saxuravia nanasaTvis is garemo, sadac Tavs Tavis stiqiaSi grZnobs.
sxvagan misi grZnobebis gagebas arsad ar cdiloben, bevrs sasacilodac
ar yofnis axalgazrda gogonas gancdebi. omma TiTqos gaaucxova adamia-
nebi, SeaCvia sxvisi da sakuTari ubedurebis Sesaxeb saubars. nana si-
cocxliT savse gogonaa. mas cxovreba unda, misTvis sikvdili ucxo da
Soreulia. ar unda imis dajereba, rom sicocxle kvamliviT gaqreba da
mova sikvdili. nana amas ver egueba, uWirs amis Secnoba, magram iZu-
lebulia TviTonac CaerTos am cxovrebis oromtrialSi. is xom yovel-
dRe xedavs fanjrebTan momdgar, omSi dasaxiCrebul adamianebs. kvdeba
levanis Zmac, bolos levanic mihyavT omSi. levani wavida, magram misi
sikeTisa da kacobis uamravi pativismcemeli jariskaci icavs axla nanas
moZalade vasikosagan. kritikosi g. xuxaSvili moTxroba `mtredebis”
Sesaxeb werda: `arCil sulakauri ar erideba cxovrebis Crdilebs. igi
pirdapiri, ukopromiso mxatvaria da yovelTvis gulaxdili saubris
momxrea, magram yovelTvis sjera adamianisa, uyvars adamiani. `mtredebis”
avtori TiTqos Cabnelebuli saxuravebidan amoativtivebs meomari
qalaqis fonze or axalgazrdas, maTs fiqrebSi Segviyvans da lamazi
sulis ocnebaTa moziared gvaqcevs. nanasa da levanis gaumxeleli
siyvaruli, rwmena, Sinaganad uerTdeba mopirdapire Senobis fanjrebidan
mzirali daWrilebis fiqrebs, mTel qalaqs, omSi gaxveul didsa da
Zlier qveyanas da am dramatul atmosferoSi nana da levani mtredebiviT
arian. maTi sulieri cxovreba mtredebis sinatifiT xasiaTdeba da
vasikos cxoveluri bunebis, undoblobis da sitlanqis kontrastad aris
mofiqrebuli~ (xuxaSvili: `literaturuli saqarTvelo~, 1964).
a. sulakaurma omis im saSinel dReebSic dainaxa cxovrebiseuli li-
rizmi, aRmoaCina mSveniereba adamianuri urTierTobebisa, romelic yvela-
ze mZime dReebSic ki erTgvari sixalisiTa da jer ganucdelis STabeWdi-
lebiT avsebs misi gmirebis yoveldRiur yofierebas. omis mkacrma gamoc-

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dam gamoawrTo lukas xasiaTi (`luka"). lukac TbilisSi, mtkvris napirze
gazrdili biWia. omma Secvala cxovrebis ritmi da adamianebis guneba-
ganwyobileba. ubanma Zveli sixalise da lazaTi dakarga. is biWebi, ro-
melTa xumroba da Rrianceli mTeli mtkvris sanapiros iklebda, omSi ga-
iwvies, quCebi dacarielda, gairinda da irgvliv moulodnelobis gaur-
kveveli molodiniT gaiJRinTa haeri. `omi daiwyo" - es fraza elvasavTi
gamokrTeba moTxrobis idiliur eqspoziciaSi da Cven vxedavT, Tu Tanda-
Tan rogor icvleba adamianTa sulieri yofa, mJRavndeba dafaruli
instiqtebi. omSi biWebis gacilebisas rubena tiris, Semdeg ki sasikvdi-
lod imetebs mezobels, romelic camde marTalia. omis ulmoblobaze
luka pirvelad maSin dafiqrda, roca qarTulis maswavlebelma zaqaria
inwkirvelma kategoriulad mosTxova, dedaSeni gamocxaddes skolaSio.
dedamisi ki omis dawyebamde xuTi dRiT adre gaemgzavra ukrainaSi meuR-
lis sanaxavad da ugzo-ukvlod daikarga:
`lukas guneba Seecvala, TiTqos pirvelad Seicno, rom deda ugzo-uk-
vlod dahkargvoda. uceb rogorRac Tavbru daesxa da saxeze oflma ga-
moJona, moeCvena, TiTqos SimSilisagan guli ereoda". es grZnoba lukas
bolomde mihyveba da yru tkivilad eqceva. tkivili ki TandaTan mar-
toobisken ezideba, TiTqos iq ipovebodes salbuni gabzaruli gulisaT-
vis.
omiT gamowveuli gaWirveba erTianad moedo qalaqs - adamianTa mTa-
var problemad TviTgadarCena iqca. dekembris erT susxian dRes, deida
nato da lukac ewvivnen bazars oriode groSis saSovnelad. ori San-
dlis, kabisa da zewris gayidvas maTTvis sicocxlis fasi aqvs; magram aq
`aravin arafers yidulobda, yvela raRacas yidda. raRacas ki ara, yvela-
fers yiddnen: naxmar, daJangul lursmnebs, etlis gatexil borblebs,
manqanis saburavebs, manqanis saburavebisagan Sekeril fexsacmelebs, cal-
calke windas, samxedro gimnasturebs, Ceqmebs, qolgis tars, wignebs,
sajdomsa da muxlisTavebze dakerebul mamakacis nifxvebs, agreTve, qa-
lebisasac, Zvel suraTebs, CarCoebs, saaTebs, aRvirebs, qvabebs, tomrebs,
am yvelafers yidden, myidveli ki ar Canda". omma da gaWirvebam adamia-
nebSi gaamZafra TviTgadarCenis instinqti. am instinqtma, aSkarad, raRac
cxoveluri gaaRviZa da aRadgina maTSi. `raRac gvWirs, luka da ver gami-

- 82 -
gia ra?!" - ambobs anduyafari. omi marto sisxlisRvra da ganadgureba ro-
dia, igi amave dros did sulier gansacdelsac mouvlens adamians. swo-
red, am mZime gansacdelis dros amJRavneben adamianebi TavianTi sulis
yvelaze dafarul, zneobrivad damcrobil mxareebs. xSirad saaSkaroze
gamodis adamianis Sinagani samyaros yvelaze maxinji gamovlineba: poli-
karpe girkveliZe bRaviliT dastiris deida nucas cxedars, mere ki
kuboze danTebuli sanTlidan papiross moukidebs; izas mSvenier sxeulSi
satana Casaxlebula; yvelaze axlobeli naTesavi da TiTqos ojaxis gul-
Sematkivari mezobeli saxlidan gamogdebas upirebs oblad darCenil lu-
kas; rubena, romelic mwared mistiris omSi mimaval biWebs, Semdeg sasik-
vdilod imetebs udanaSaulo adamians; erTi sityviT, undaT Tu ar un-
daT, droebiT ukeTureba sZlevs adamianebs, imorCilebs maT sulsa da
gonebas da amgvarad, zneobrioba sneuldeba, es ki imgvari sneulebaa,
romlis gankurneba mxolod omebis, Zaladobis mospobiT SeiZleba. sike-
TisTvis mebrZolma raindma, xeibarma anduyafarma es ulmobeli WeSmari-
teba rom Seicno, sicocxlec daasrula. patara biWi omma daaobla, mis
garSemo ucxo adamianebi trialeben. omis susxma da gautanlobam mlaSe
cremlebis gemoc mravaljer agema lukas. man gaiara cxovrebis tkivilia-
ni gza da am tkivilebidan daiwyo misi cnobieri cxovrebis dasawyisi.
a. sulakauri omis Temaze Seqmnil erT-erT moTxrobaSi wers: `omi
omia, magram is, rac ar unda Tqva, mainc cxovrebaa. ufro metic, cxov-
rebiseuli kanonebi axla gaSiSvlebulia da TvalsaCino". am sityvebSi aS-
karad irekleba mwerlis koncefcia, romlis mxatvrul dadasturebad
migvaCnia misi Semoqmedebis didi nawili, romelSic mZafrad gamoikveTa
avtoris protesti, uaryofiTi damokidebuleba, siZulvili - omisa da qa-
osis mimarT.

g) `akrZaluli warsulis~ asaxva

a. sulakauri cxovrobda da moRvaweobda e. w. `sabWoTa periodSi",

roca, bibliis eniT rom vTqvaT, Roris win margalitis dayras azri ar
hqonda. man garkveuli xarki mouxada gabatonebul ideologias, magram
rogorc WeSmarit mwerals, Tan sdevda Sinagani protestis grZnoba.

- 83 -
mwerali Tavisi nawarmoebebiT cdilobda win aRsdgomoda misi Tanamed-
rove yofis sulisSemxuTvel atmosferos. unda iTqvas, rom man gabeda
Sexeboda maSin oficiozis mier tabudadebul uaxlesi warsulis Temas
da mamxilebeli paTosiT gamsWvaluli Txzulebebi gamoaqveyna. Aa.
sulakauris prozaul qmnilebebSi laparakia im Ria Wrilobebze, ro-
mlebic jer bolSevikurma intervenciam da Semdeg sabWoTa xelisuf-
lebis mier `Secdomebad monaTlulma" saxelisuflebo politikam
dautova qarTvel xalxs, mis inteligencias. mwerali mogviTxrobs im
adamianebis warsulze, romlebmac Tavis Tavze gamoscades bolSevikuri
represiebis wlebis damTrgunveli simZime. Taobebma araferi ician im mZi-
me da sulisSemxuTvel yofaze, romelSic qarTveli inteligenciis mowi-
nave nawils mouxda cxovreba da romelmac bevri maTganis sicocxle ud-
rood Seiwira. a. sulakaurs, rogorc moqalaqesa da rogorc mwerals, ra
Tqma unda, mosvenebas ar aZlevda qarTveli erisaTvis es metad mtkivneu-
li sakiTxi. mis moTxrobebsa da romanebSi didi emociiTa da mxatvruli
ZaliT aris warmoCenili koleqtivizaciis savalalo Sedegebi (`TeTri
cxeni"); udanaSaulod dasjil adamianTa gancdebi (`abelis dabruneba");
samamulo omis Semdeg ukanonod dapatimrebul da gadasaxlebul yofil
jariskacTa dramatizmiT aRsavse awmyo (`oqros Tevzi"). qarTulma mwer-
lobam verc 60-ian wlebSi da verc Semdgom periodSi gabeda am
bolSevikuri politikis am danaSaulebriv qmedebebze pirdapiri, marTali
sityvis Tqma. mxolod qveteqstebiT datvirTuli saTqmelis gadmocemiT,
arsebuli wyobilebis winaaRmdeg protestis simbolur-alegoriuli
asaxviT gamoxatvda eris cnobierebaSi daleqil am did tkivils. a. baqra-
Ze am drois Sesaxeb wers: `mwerlobas akrZluli aqvs amxilos is unamu-
soba, intriga, Suri, mtroba, RvarZli, daundobloba, siZulvili, rac
kompartiis ck-is samdivnosa da politbiuroSi sufevs. es mwerlobis sa-
laparako ar aris. komunistebma TavianTi saqme Tavad ician da sxvas iq
xeli ar miuwvdeba. kompartias cvlis politbiuros cxovreba da maTi
saqmianoba SeuRweveli saidumloebiT aris moculi. erTaderTi, rac SeiZ-
leba masze sabWoTa moqalaqem icodes, gaxlavT is, rom politbiuro saT-
noebis, kacTmoyvareobis, siyvarulis sadguria, sadac dRe da Rame, ZilSi
Tu RviZilSi ssrk-is mosaxleobis keTildReobaze zrunaven, ar Wamen da

- 84 -
ar svamen, oRond sabWoel adamians ara gauWirdes ra. aba, romel hamlets
(gamgebels), ufliswuls Tu glexs, miscemen imis uflebas, rom es saeW-
vod moeCvenos. ar daijeros da WeSmaritebis dadgena moindomos? tyui-
lis zRvaSi simarTlis marcvlis povna gadawyvitos? cxadia, aravis" (baq-
raZe 1990: 161).
a. sulakauris prozaSi daxatuli represirebuli personaJebi Cveu-
lebrivi moqalaqeebi arian, sxvadasxva wrisa da profesiis warmomadgen-
lebi - inteligentebi (abeli), studentebi (miriani), fermerebi (ioTami). es
gmirebi damcirebuli da Seuracxyofilebi arian, radgan saxelmwifoSi
gamefebuli sastiki diqtaturis da gansxvavebuli azrisaTvis devnis ga-
mo, ekrZalebaT Tavisufali fiqric ki; ekrZalebaT protestis gamoxatvis
yovelgvari forma. Selaxulia maTi moqalaqeobrivi uflebebi. sityva `ak-
rZalulia" sazogadoebis yvela fenas Seexo, radgan oficiozisagan
gansxvavebuli azrovneba akrZaluli iyo. Aam periodis fsiqologiuri
atmosferos asaxvisadmi yuradReba XX s-is 60-iani wlebis sxva
axalgazrda prozaikosebmac gamoiCines. a. sulakauris `abelis
dabrunebis~ garda gamoqveynda r. WeiSvilis `biWikos avadmyofobis
istoria~, n. dumbaZis `mziani Rame~ da sxva, romelTa meSveobiTac
gamoxta maSin qarTulma prozam Tavisi damokidebuleba imis mimarT, rac
qveyanaSi xdeboda.
1961 wels daibeWda a. sulakauris moTxroba `abelis dabruneba".
moTxrobis mTavari personaJi abeli Tvrameti wlis gadasaxlebis Semdeg
ubrundeba mSobliur qalaqs. TbilisSi Camosvlamde ramdenime mata-
rebeli gamoicvala da ramednime aTasi kilometri gamoiara: `abeli Tvra-
meti wlis manZilze gadaeCvia aseT moqcevas, ase aSvebulad laparaks,
albaT, amitom dasWirda ramdenime dRe adamianebTan gasaSinaureblad.
masSi nel-nela, TiTqos zmorebiT iRviZebda Tandayolili, magram mere
miviwyebuli grZnobebi; iRviZebdnen Cvevebic, romlebic aqamde akrZaluli
egona". mwerali Segnebulad aridebs Tavs abelis gadasaxlebaSi gata-
rebuli wlebis aRweras, Tundac masze miniSnebas. igi umniSvnelo deta-
lebze yuradRebis gamaxvilebiT cdilobs gviCvenos gmiris mier gancdi-
li fizikuri da sulieri tkivilebis simZime da masStaburoba: `rodesac
abelma ucabedad sakuTar TavSi winaaRdmegobis gawevis unari aRmoaCina,

- 85 -
jer gaukvirda, merme ki monacrisfro CvarSi yvelasgan dafarulad dama-
la cremli, rogorc oqrosmaZiebeli ZonZebSi malavs silaSi napovn oq-
ros marcvals". abeli sulierad gatexili ubrundeba Tavis qveyanas, mas-
Si adamianuri Rirsebebi Cakles, daamcires. man ar icis raSia damnaSave,
risTvis daisaja, magram mainc aRiarebs ararsebul danaSauls. abelis
aRiarebaSi Cadebulia am personaJis sulieri tragizmis mTeli simZime.
mas dauClunges Tavdacvis instinqti, igi rogorc pirovneba ganadgu-
rebulia: `Sen kaci aRara xar - Caesmis idumali xma - Sen araferi aRara
xar. ` - vici, roca gamtexe, maSin vigrZeni, rom aRara var kaci~. maSin da-
emxo abeli pirqve da aqviTinda. sikvdili inatra da arsad iyo... arc si-
cocxle iyo... ase egdo damxobili, darbeuli, SeSinebuli". Tvrameti we-
li golgoTis gziT atara abeli cxovrebam, magram erT dRes uTxres,
rom udanaSaulo iyo. Tavzari daeca abels, gaSeSebuli idga da xmis amo-
Rebas ver bedavda. abelis sulieri tragizmi kidev ufro Rrmavdeba, ro-
ca sakuTar ojaxSi nacnobi nivTebis garda Sinauri aravin daxvda da Ria
karebSi is nacnobi saxe dalanda, vinc pirvelad uTxra: `Sen damnaSave
xar, abel!" am kacma da mis ukan mdgomma damsjelma saxelmwifo sistemam,
waarTva abels yvelaferi, risi warTmevac SeiZleboda. dautova mxolod
sicocxle, romelic mas ukve aRaraferSi sWirdeba: `eCveneboda, TiTqos
Zveli iarebi daexsna da am iarebidan miviwyebuli da miyuCebuli tkivi-
lebi sizmareuli adamianebiviT gamodiodnen, sazarlad imanWebodnen da
igrixebodnen".
mogvianebiT, mweralma jemal qarCxaZem Tavisi romaniT
`ganzomileba~, 1937 wlis avbediTi dReebis msxverplTa Tavgadasavals
kidev erTi ojaxis – didebuliZeebis istoriac miumata: `qalaq
sanaklioSi erTi saxli idga, romelSic didebuliZeebi cxovrobdnen.
mama – didebuliZe, iuristi iyo, deda – didebuliZe – eqimi, Svili
didebuliZe – promeTeosi. cxovrobdnen TavisTvis tkbilad da aravis
arafers uSavebdnen, magram erT dRes sad iyo da sad ara, iaraRiani
kacebi movidnen da mama didebuliZe waiyvanes... ramdenime dRis Semdeg
proletari JorJikac gamoCnda Tavisi jalabiT da iqaurobas daepatrona.
proletar JorJikas didebuliZeebis saxl-kari moswoneboda da
revolucia moaxdina~ (qarCxaZe 2008).

- 86 -
 proletar JorJikas saxiT j. qarCxaZem Zalmomreobis uxeSi Zala
igulisxma; am Zalam, abelis ojaxis msgavsad, mSobliuri saxl-karidan
gaaZeva deda-Svili didebuliZeebi da erTaderTi xaric. marTali
aRmoCnda dedis sityvebi, mama Soreul aRmosavleTSi gadaasaxleso.
bavSvs arafers eubneboda, miTumetes mas ar esmoda sityvebis `mimoweris
uflebis gareSe~, mniSvneloba (qarCxaZe 2008: 492). reabilitirebuli, su-
lierad ganadgurebuli, janmrTelobadakarguli abelis saxis CvenebiT ki
a. sulakaurma saaSkaraoze gamoitana qveyanaSi Cadenili saSineli danaSa-
uli. am moTxrobaSi avtorma erTi konkretuli pirovnebis tragikuli
Tavgadasavlis fonze daxata ganzogadebuli suraTi ganadgurebuli
Taobis mZime socialuri yofisa. moTxrobis dasasruls mwerali ukom-
promiso braldebas uyenebs Cadenili danaSaulis mesveurebs. igi, ro-
gorc bralmdebeli, mTavar damnaSaved saxelmwifos miiCnevs.
abelis tragedia ojaxSi dabrunebis Semdeg ufro mZafrdeba. coli
gardacvlilia, biWi daRupulia. abeli magidas daemxo. igi ufro ubeduri
aRmoCnda, vidre aqamde egona. mTavrobis mier `Secdomebad" monaTlulma
politikam suli mouwamla adamians, cocxal leSad aqcia igi: `merme ig-
rZno, TiTqos tkivilic daeRala, daeqanca, rogorc xelebi eRleba xol-
me adamians, anda Tvalebi. tkivilic siyuCesa sTxovda, mosvenebas.~
moTxrobaSi aRwerili idumli xma ar SeiZleba iyos erTi pirov-
nebisa. aq totalizebuli saxelmwifo da misi damsjeli aparati ekama-
Teba abels. ` - meSinia? me arafris aRar meSinia. gvian mivxvdi: Sen Tvi-
Ton iyavi mSiSara da mxdali. yovelTvis geSinoda Cemi, amitom damamxe,
amitom damarbie da gamapartaxe. Sen Cemi fiqrisac ki geSinoda", – ambobs
igi. sainteresoa Tavad finaluri nawilic moTxrobisa. `Sen, albaT, Sege-
kiTxebian, rogor geqceodi, abel". mweralma kargad icoda, rom metis
Tqmis uflebas ar miscemdnen, Tundac 60-70-ian wlebSic. mwerlobas, iseve
rogorc presas, warsulze saubrisas mxolod cenzuragamotarebuli si-
marTlis Tqmisa da masze weris ufleba eZleoda. 1937 wels Tavsda-
texilma ganukiTxaobam moicva sofeli Tu qalaqi, mTeli sazogadoeba.
adamianebi TiTqos kaciWamiebad iqcnen. gadasaxlebulTa, udanaSaulod
dasjilTa da ukanonod, gausamarTleblad daxvretilTa ricxvi
saqarTveloSi imdenad didi iyo, rom es ubedureba TiTqmis yvela ojaxs

- 87 -
Seexo. gansakuTrebuli sisastikiT mainc qarTvel mwerlebsa da poetebs,
xelovanebs, saerTod, qarTul inteligencias moeqcnen.
im mweralTagan mravals, romlnic 60-ian wlebSi gamovidnen,
ZiriTadad, samwerlo asparezze, mSoblebi sabWoTa wyobilebis mier
represirebuli hyavda. TviT mwerlis, arCil sulakauris, mamac
represirebulTa ricxvSi moxvda. dasajes mweral n. dumbaZis mamac da
gadaasaxles deda. bavSvobaSi miRebulma gancdebma, dedis gareSe
gatarebuli wlebis tkivilma, oblad darCenam da mere gaucxoebuli
dedis dabrunebam Tavisi asaxva hpova n. dumbaZis da mgavsi bedis sxva
mweralTa SemoqmedebaSi.
sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi damkvidrda daundobloba, Ralati, urTi-
erTdasmena. sityvam `akrZalulia" damTrgunveli Zala SeiZina, radgan yve-
laferi akrZaluli iyo. romanSi `ganzomileba~ jemal qarCxaZe erT Tavis
gmirs aTqmevinebs: ` - komunistebis msoflmxedvelobaSi `saxelmwifo~ da
`xalxi~ dapirispirebuli cnebebia, rac mmarTvelobaSi Sesabamis asaxvas
poulobs imiT, rom saxelmwifos Zliereba xalxis gaRatakebis xarjze
miiRweva. xolo roca xelisufleba sakuTar xalxs esodeni gaafrTebiT
ebrZvis, maSin daSinebuli da daTrgunuli xalxic Zalauneburad
damsjeleblad da dasasjeleblad iyofa da yoveli kaci imis SiSiT, rom
dasasjelTa kategoriaSi ar moxvdes, cdilobs damsjelTa kategoriaSi
moxvdes.” (qarCxaZe 2008: 182).
zemoT moyvanilis dasadastureblad SeiZleba usamarTlod represi-
rebuli didi qarTveli mwerlis m. javaxiSvilis sityvebi movitanoT: `u-
danaSaulo var Cemi eris winaSe, araviTari brali ar mimiZRvis, magram
Tu zvarakia saWiro, mzad var saqarTvelos Sevewiro, Tqven SegiZliaT
fizikurad ganmanadguroT, magram me Cems miwaze iseTi muxa davrge, rom-
lis fesvebs verasodes amoZirkvavT, ver moereviT" (javaxiSvili 1995: 123).
politikuri devna, emigracia, gadasaxleba, banakebSi fizikuri tanjva da
daxvreta - ai, arasruli CamonaTvali yvela im iaraRisa, riTac sabWoTa
xelisufleba SiSs Tesavda xalxSi. swored, es metad rTuli da sa-
Wirboroto sakiTxi gaaSuqa a. sulakaurma moTxrobaSi `Zveli ambavi".
dasmenisa da TvalTvalis SiSma daTrguna niWieri axalgazrdebis erTi
jgufis didi survili - Sekrebiliyvnen da CaetrebinaT literaturuli

- 88 -
saRamoebi. moTxrobis mTavari gmirebi beJani da nugzari arsebuli Zal-
momreobis gamo maT sulSi Casaxlebuli SiSis msxverplni arian. es yov-
lismomcveli undobloba ukargavs am gmirebs sicocxlis sixarulis gan-
cdas, erTad yofnis survils, am garemoSi yvelafers uxlavi yuri da
Tvali xedavs da akontrolebs. aq yvelaferi akrZalulia: `ai, ra, CemTan
ase jguf-jgufad nuRar moxvalT - ambobs beJani. dRes yvelani erTad
rom daginaxeT, kinaRam guli gamiskda...wuxel gamafrTxiles... movidnen da
gamafrTxiles...
- vin iyvnen.
- ra vici, vin iyvnen.
- ra gvindao
- raxan ase undaT, nuRar moxvalT.
Cven xom arafers vaSavebT?... vikribebiT, vsaubrobT, vmecadineobT, xan-
daxan Sen kiTxulob leqsebs, an moTxrobebs da gismenT... Cven xo arafers
vaSavebT? - ise vikiTxe gulubryvilod. merme uceb momeCvena, rom es iyo
raRac saidumlo serobis msgavsi... es mxolod wuTiT momeCvena, roca kar-
gad davfiqrdi, cudi veraferi aRmovaCine am mxiarulad da bednierad ga-
tarebul saRmoebSi" (`Zveli ambavi~). beJanis sulSi dabudebuli SiSi
mTlianad gadaedeba mis megobar nugzarsac. SiSis gamo nugzari hkargavs
silamazis gancdis unars. mSvenier guiasTan urTierToba mas stanjvelad
eqceva. es sasjelia axalgazrda kacisaTvis, radgan SiSi misi xasiaTis
Tviseba ki ar aris, aramed igi Tavsmoxveulia, ucxo, boroti sawyisidan
momdinareobs da amitom misi daZleva misTvis TiTqmis SeuZlebelia. Si-
Sis gamo daTrgunulia nugzaris Tavisufali qmedeba, igi ver endoba gui-
as. adamianTa Soris Cndeba bzari, ris gamoc dairRva am wyvilis harmoni-
uli urTierToba: `sigarets sigaretze vabolebdi da uxmod mivyvebodi
guias. sulelurad amekviata da erTTavad vimeorebdi uazrod: `oRond
ara es! ufalo, rac gindodes, oRond ara es"! mweralma moTxrobaSi am
mcire detaliT warmoaCina sabWoTa saqarTvelos axalgazrdobaSi CaTesi-
li da gaRvivebuli SiSis is yovlismomcveli grZnoba, romelic obobas
qseliviT mosdeboda mTel sazogadoebas da romlis ideologiuri
ablabuda boWavda pirovnebis Tavisufal azrovnebas da nebelobas: `uceb
gamielva eWvma da mTeli sxeuli Semiryia, momeCvena: TiTqos isini, beJan-

- 89 -
Tan rom modiodnen da ekiTxebodnen, studentebi ratom ikribebiano, ra-
RaciT guiasTan iyvnen dakavSirebuli... me davibeni da sakuTar eWvebsa da
fiqrebs Tavs veRar varTmevdi. eWvi TandTan mereoda, mCagravda, wuxan-
del bednierebas mTeli ZaliT awveboda da aZevebda" (`Zveli ambavi~).
is, rac nugzaris pirovnebaSi xdeba, ar aris ubralo, Cveulebrivi
Tavdacvis grZnobiT nakarnaxevi. am SemTxvevaSi avtori wina planze wa-
moswevs adamianis arsebaSi dabudebul yvelaze Zlier instinqts - TviT-
gadarCenas. aseT situaciaSi eWviT Sepyrobilma gonebam SeiZleba aqcenti
gaakeTos ararsebul, gamogonil da gamZafrebuli fantaziiT Seqmnil
faqtze. aqedan gamomdinare SeSinebuli da daeWvebuli adamianis cnobie-
reba sworad ver aRiqvams sinamdviles. es adamianebi im socialuri gare-
mos nawilni arian, romelSic Tavad avtors uxdeboda cxovreba, amitomac
ase kargad icnobs igi maT. aqve isic unda iTqvas, rom a. sulakaurma, misi
gmirebis msgavsad, ver SeZlo moeZebna ufro mkveTri ferebi im cxov-
rebiseuli simarTlis palitris warmosaCenad, romelic aCvenebda
sabWoTa saxelmwifos namdvil saxes; Tumca Semoqmedi romanebSi `TeTri
cxeni" da `oqros Tevzi" ar erideba `marTlis Tqmas", mainc amJRavnebs
mamxilebel paToss.
romanSi `TeTri cxeni" moTxrobilia qiziyis erT-erTi soflis - nis-
lauris mcxovreb samocdaaTi wlis moxuci ioTamis Sesaxeb. am gonier,
patiosan da mSromel kacs xuTi aTasi cxvari hyolia. ioTami erTi akvia-
tebuli ideiTac yofila Sepyrobili - jer mSobliuri qiziyi da mere
mTeli kaxeTi unda gavamdidroo. gamdidrebis saSualebad ki TuSuri
cxenebis moSeneba miaCnda. swored, aseT adamianebs daupirispirda sabWou-
ri cxovrebis wesi. ioTami miuRebeli Seiqna soflad koleqtivizaciis
gamtarebel barnabiSvilisaTvis (igi qiziySi sabWoTa xelisuflebas war-
moadgenda). man igi xalxis mtrad da kulakad gamoacxada. ioTami cdi-
lobs am viTarebas win aRudges:
`kaco, ras memarTlebi, xom ar garTmevT, gaZlevT! SiraqSi rom
cxvris binebi maqvs, isic Tqveni iyos, mTaTuSeTis binebic TqvenTvis mo-
mirTmevia! sxva raRa giTxra?! mec TqvenTan miguleT, saqme vici da gamo-
gadgebiT, wyals gasayolebeli kaci ara var, me da Cemma RmerTma".

- 90 -
 `Cveni wisqvili egre ar fqvavs, ioTam!"- eubneba barnabiSvili. Sen
wurbela xar da Tavidan unda mogiSoroT. amitom umjobesi iqneba guda-
nabadi aiyaro da waxvide, aqaurobas gaecalo!~. arc muqara daukliaT
misTvis. `oTam, col-Svili mainc Seibrale"- es iyo barnabiSvilis ukanas-
kneli gafrTxileba".
barnabiSvili, rogorc axali qveynis warmomadgeneli, `keTilsindisi-
erad" asrulebda masze `dakisrebul movaleobas". mas ioTamis xuTi aTasi
cxvridan ori aTasi aRuricxavs, mTavroba, sulerTia, verafers gamigebs,
piriqiT, kmayofilic ki damrCebao. sami aTasi ki saqarTvelos farglebs
gareT gadaurekia da gauyidia, rogorc amboben, didi fuli Caugdia xel-
Si. barnabiSvili iaraRia sikeTisa da mSromeli adamianis dasasjelad
revolciuri samSoblos yovlisSemZle xelmZRvaneli aparatis xelSi;
xolo koleqtivizacia - motivi, riTac SeiZleba Seuracxyo, dasajo, ga-
Zarcvo, gadaasaxlo mizanswrafuli, niWieri da mSromeli adamianebi.
bolSevikebisaTvis kaenis gza yvelaze nacadi da misaRebi aRmoCnda, am mi-
marTulebiT svla ki gansakuTrebiT `warmatebuli da advili". kaenis
gzis gagrZelebaa barnabiSvilis Semdegi moqmedeba: ioTams nebayof-
lobiT, sakuTar surviliT undoda Caebarebina wlebis manZilze naloli-
avebi cxenebi sabWoTa xelisuflebisaTvis. barnabiSvili da mis damqaSebs
ar surT ioTamis keTili saqmeebis danaxva, isini koleqtivizaciis RviZ-
li Svilebi arian, xelisuflebam maT gansakuTrebuli `misia~ daakisra -
gaanadguron kulakoba, rogorc klasi. amitom ar surT cxensaSeni, ro-
gorc ZRveni ise miiRon. Zaladoba da Zalmomreoba qceula maTTvis
xalxTan urTierTobis mTavar saSualebad. `egre udierad ratom mela-
parkebi, barnabiSvilo, CemTan bavSvi xar da ar gekadreba! ra davaSave,
vis ra balRami vasvi?! megona qveynad sikeTes vTesav-meTqi... xedav, yvela-
feri xelukRma Semomibrunda?!
- aseTia mTavrobis gadawyvetileba!
- Sen xar mTavroba?! - aRelda ioTami, wonasworoba dakarga - Senis-
Tana Taxsiri kaci ar SeiZleba mTavroba iyos".
cxensaSens movla undoda da upatronod migdebuli cxenebi gavelur-
dnen. axla maTi arsebobac ki nervebs uSlis barnabiSvilis da sabas,
ioTamis vaJs esayvedureba:

- 91 -
 `iqneb cxenebi gagvexedna, qveynis saqmisTvis gamogveyenebina.
- mec mogexmarebodiT - eubneba saba barnabiSvils.
- rodis aqeT daiwyeT qveynis saqmeebze fiqri, ha?!
- jibriT nu melaparakebi, barnabiSvilo, es cxenebi mosavlelad
Rirs da movuaroT.
- Wkua maSin unda gqonodaT, roca momravleba da moSeneba daiwyeT,
axla gvian aris. amodena jogis momvleli vin iqneba?!".
barnabiSvils aq avtori saxelmwifos piriT alaparakebs, radgan, rac
qiziySi, erT konkretul mxareSi moxda, maSin mTel qveyanaSi xdeboda.
revolciuri mTavroba aCanagebda mSromeli fermerebis, e. w. `kulakebis",
mier xangrZlivi SromiT dagrovil qonebas. am uazro qmedebebis, ufro
sworad borotebis samagiero male masiuri SimSilobebiTa da siRatakis
saxiT daatyda mosaxleobas. didi eqspresiiT aqvs daxatuli mwerals
cxenebis alazanSi daRupvis scena:
`ketebiTa da fiwlebiT SeiaraRebuli ociode mxedari yiJiniT Sesevia
tyispira ferdobebs, ioTamis cxenebi daufeTebia da win gaurekavs im
gziT, romliTac isini mdinareze Cadiodnen wylis dasalevad. WixviniT
daSvebulan Tavqve, floqvebis TqaraTquri miwas aryevda, mtveri ki casa
swvdeboda. garkveul manZilze xmauriTa da ketebis qneviT xvdeboda Ca-
safrebuli xalxi, gzis aqcevis saSualebas ar aZlevda remas, romelic
niaRvariviT daZruli guguniTa da grialiT mieqaneboda alaznisaken~. na-
wili cxenebisa mdinarem STanTqa, xolo meore nawili ki azerbaijanSi
Calisfasad gayida barnabiSvilma. ozos gonebaSi Cndeba uamravi kiTxva,
romelic mTels romans leitmotivad gasdevs da romlebzec avtori pir-
dapir pasuxs ar iZleva. is mxolod kiTxvebs svams, faqtebs gvawodebs da
mkiTxvels safiqralad utovebs:
`mindoda Cavwvdomodi im adamianebis fiqrebisa da zraxvebis namdvil
arss. ratom irCeven gasavlelad im gzas, romelic erTi Tvalis gadav-
lebiTac ki ganwirulad Canda da adamians daRupvas uqadda? es xom ar
iyo arc riski, arc Tavdadeba, arc gmiroba! risksac da Tavganwirvasac
maSin aqvs mxolod azri da mniSvneloba, Tu didi da sayovelTao saqmiT
aris STagonebuli, sikeTiskenaa gamiznuli! erTi ugunuris xelSi ratom
iyrida Tavs iseTi Zala, romelsac soflis gaCanageba da gapartaxeba Se-

- 92 -
eZlo? ra Zalebi da dinebebi moqmedebdnen? miwisqveSa Tu miwiszeda? nu-
Tu barnabiSvilma is cxvarica da is remac imitom gaanadgura, rom Tvi-
Ton gamdidrebuliyo? gamdidrebis varianti adamianisaTvis ise wvrilma-
nad, damamcireblad meCveneboda, dajerebac ki ar micdia. am saSineli aq-
tis miRma sxva raRacis, ufro Zlieris, mamakacuri vnebebis aRmoCenas
vcdilobdi" (`TeTri cxeni~).
ozo axalgazrda ymawvilia, misTvis Cvidmeti wlis asakSi auxsneli
da Seucnobeli rCeba bevri ram, rac mis garSemo xdeba. omi axali dam-
Tavrebulia, xalxi naxevrad SimSilobs. lamaras (ozos megobris)
dabadebis dReze ki sufra saWmel-sasmels ver itevs. arc ojaxis morTu-
lobas etyoba omisa da gaWirvebis kvali. oTaxi iseTi Zvirfasi avejiTa
da WurWliT aris morTuli, rom stumars Sercxva kidec mis mier motani-
li ubralo saCuqrisa. ozom icis, rom es kaci didi Tanamdebobis piria,
magram amdeni qoneba saidan daagrova, es ki ver gaugia. an amdeni Sinagani
TviTkmayofileba, bRenZioba da sakuTar TavSi darwmunebuloba sad SeiZi-
na am Cia, burTiviT mrgvalma kacma. aq, ukve qveteqstSi ikiTxeba, rom es
qoneba patiosani SromiT ver eqneba `komunis kacs~ naSovi, igrZnoba, rom
am ojaxSi axali cxovrebis wurbelebi Casaxlebulan. ozos ambobs: `mer-
me mklavze uxeSad wavavle xeli da movqaCe. es iyo da es. SurisZiebis
grZnobis anafxeki ki davikmayofile, magram es xom ar aanazRaurebda dam-
cirebas, Seurcxyofas, Selaxul adamianur Rirsebas da amiT gamowveul
tkivilis gancdas, sulier tramvas. me mgonia, aseTi ram ukvalod ar
qreba, igi samudamod mniSvnelovan daRs asvams adamianis suls". romanSi
barnabiSvilis boroteba aulagmavi imitom rCeba, rom mas saxelwifo apa-
ratSi fexmokidebuli meore naZirala - varlam vardanaSvili umagrebs
zurgs. Mmale yvelafers farda aexada, varlami ufro sastiki pirovneba
aRmoCnda, vidre erTi SexedviT Canda: `codvebis gamo mSiSarac iyo da
daundobelic, TiTqos am SiSis gamo ar indobda Sinaursac da gareul-
sac". varlam vardanaSvili bolomde xelmZRvanel Tanamdebobazea da vin
icis kidev ramdeni adamianisa da ojaxis ubedurebaSi udevs wili. `Su-
risZiebis grZnobis anafxeki" uwoda a. sulakaurma simarTlis aRdegnisaT-
vis, adamianuri uflebebis SenarCunebisaTvis personaJis gabrZolebas.
mwerali grZnobda, rom Cumi protestis gamoxatva, alegoriebiT saubari

- 93 -
sakmarisi ar iyo, magram isic icoda, rom totaluri akrZalvebis qveyana-
Si mwerals arasodes miscemdnen uflebas xmamaRali protestis gamoxat-
visas.
romanSi yovelgvari Selamazebis gareSea naCvenebi daclili soflis
tipuri suraTi. erT dros ayvavebuli ioTamis sofeli, romlis saZov-
rebze xuTi aTasi cxvari, cxenebis rema da nasuqi soflis naxiri ireoda,
dRes daclila da ozos Tvalwin mkvdari midamos suraTi gaSlila.
xuTiode berikacisa da moxucebuli qalis imedad darCenili sofeli
suls Rafavda, namosaxlarebze Sambs gadauvlia, kibeebi CarRveula da
Caxergila. mokled, koleqtvizaciis bolSevikurma eqsperimentma soflad
ar gaamarTla. gaCanagebulma fermerulma meurneobam sofeli gaaRataka
da xalxma masiurad iwyo qalaqSi gadasaxleba. es procesi mTeli sabWo-
Ta qveynis uzarmazar teritoriaze erTnairad mimdinareobda, magram igi
yvelaze mtkivneulad mainc qarTulma mTis soflebma ganicades. Tavis na-
warmoebebSi mweralma maRalmxatvruli ostatobiT gamoxata is tkivili,
romelic soflebis gaCanagebam, ZirZveli ojaxuri kerebis moSlam da
ganadgurebam gamoiwvia.
romanSi `oqros Tevzi" mirianic im ganukiTxaobis msxverpli xdeba,
romelic mudam Tan sdevda erTi ideologiiT SeboWil sazogadoebas. am
sazogadoebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli iyo moCvenebiTi keTildReoba,
siyalbeze damyarebuli xalxTa Zmobis qadageba da plakatebze gamosaxu-
li bednieri RimiliT xalxis ukmayofilebis miCqmalva. amave dros, tota-
litarul saxelmwifos yvela kunWulSi igrZnoboda modaraje Tvali. es
ki, rogorc zemoT iTqva, pirovnebaSi Tesavda SiSis sindroms, erTmaneTis
mimarT undoblobas. SiSs didi Tvalebi hqonda. amitomac iyo, rom magada-
nidan dabrunebis Semdeg mirians ar moukiTxavs arc erTi megobari Tu
amxanagi da arc axlis SeZena ucdia. TiTqos araferi ainteresebda, gande-
giliviT cxovrobda da uars ambobda yvela amqveyniur siamovnebaze. miri-
ans arc mSoblebisTvis, arc ZmisTvis ar gaumxelia, risTvis dasajes, an-
da rogor moixada sasjeli. SekiTxvebze umetesad dumiliT iZleoda pa-
suxs. `gaWirvebiT, ZlivZlivobiT aTqmevines ramdenime bundovani fraza...
tyveobidan rogorRac gaqceula, merme frang partizanebTan ubrZolia
omis damTavrebamde. Semdeg ra moxda? miriani dumda. sasowarkveTili

- 94 -
eZebda saSvels". aravis ainteresebs misi bedi, gawires, samuSaodac arsad
miiRes. misi simarTle aravis sWirdeba. miriani, rogorc naxmari nivTi,
ise moisrola im saxelmwifom, romlis erTgulebisaTvis xuTi Wriloba
miiRo: `kaci, romelic sxeuliT xuT Wrilobas atarebs, SeuZlebelia ise-
Tive darCes, rogorc Wrilobebamde iyo. yovel Wrilobas Tavisi patara
cxovreba aqvs, Tavisi warsuli da momavali. miriani ZilSi borgavda. mas
xuTi Wrilobis tkivili ki ar awuxebda, awvalebda xuTi warsuli am Wri-
lobebisa. miriani erTmaneTTan daukavSirebel sityvebs isroda. es
sityvebi daTosTvis iyo gaugebari da gaurkveveli, Torem isini imave
cxovrebidan, imave warsulidan iyvnen amosrolilni" (`oqros Tevzi~).
mirianis sulSi, abelis msgavsad, saxelmwifos mZlavrobam daamarcxa
momavlis rwmena. usamarTlobam, pirovnebisadmi absoluturma indiferen-
tizmma Cakla masSi brZolis wyurvili. faqti iyo, rom samarTlianobis
aRdgnisaTvis brZolam am adamianebisaTvis (abeli, miriani, nugzari,
beJani) azri dakarga. amitomac mirianic, abelic, nugzarica da beJanic
dumils irCeven. mxolod sakuTar samyaroSi Caketilebi grZnoben Tavs da-
culad. mirianis moqmedeba SeboWilia. misi Tavmoyvareoba damcirebuli.
igi martosulia: `me ara maqvs warsuli: uarvyavi! ufro sworad - iZu-
lebuli gavxdi, uarmeyo. mZime tvirTiT movigde. aRar myavs Zveli nac-
nobebi, amxanagebi, megobrebi. Tu xandaxan Cems mexsierebaSi raime mogo-
neba mainc amotivtivda, autanel tkivils mayenebs da vcdilob, maSinve
moviSoro, samudamod davkargo" - wers miriani Tavis dRiurSi.
mirianis martosuloba arsebuli realobidan modis. igi im
gamarjvebiT gamowveuli fsiqozis msxverpli gaxda, romelic sabWoTa
mTavrobas omis warmatebiT dasrulebis Semdeg daeufla. ganukiTxavad,
sasamarTloebisa da gamoZiebis gareSe gadasaxlebaSi agzavnidnen aTi
aTasobiT yofil jariskacs. tyveobidan dabrunebul, daWril-dasaxiC-
rebul adamianebs ar aZlevdnen ojaxebSi dabrunebis uflebas. ufro me-
tic, sazogadoebaSi am pirovnebebis mimarT aRvivebdnen undoblobas, da-
eWvebas, maTi warsulis gamo. romanSi mirianis reabilitacia SemTxveviT
xdeba, isev rusi meomris meSveobiT gacxaddeba misi gmirobis ambebi... igi
axalgazrdaa da cdilobs axali cxovreba daiwyos, gaecalos am sulis-
SemxuTvel garemos. magram ra eSveleba warsuls, im wlebs, romelTa San-

- 95 -
TiT amowva surs mirians Tavisi cxovrebidan. dakarguli wlebi ki
mxolod mirianis (abelis, ioTamis) sadardebelia, sxvas TiTqos aravis
aSfoTebs misi cxovrebis es nawili.
a. sulakauri ar cdilobs Sealamazos is yofiTi garemo, romelSic
mis personaJebs uxdebaT cxovreba. mwerlis moTxrobebidan da roma-
nebidan kargad Cans, rom saxelmwifo zneobrivad imdenad degradi-
rebulia, rom igi uZluria erTmaneTisagan gaarCios mtyuani da marTali,
qurdi da patiosani.
`minda mwerlis saintereso dakvirvebas gavusva xazi - wers akaki
baqraZe, - erTia is, rom arian adamianebi, romelTac arsebobis formad
xelovnuri dayrueba_damunjeba mouZebniaT (platoni), meore ki _ is, rom
sisxlis samarTlis damnaSaves sazogadoebaSi adgili upovia, pativiscema
daumsaxurebia da patiosani adamianebi dauSinebia. ramdenadac vici, es
sakiTxi a. sulakauraZemde Cvens literaturaSi ar dasmula. sakiTxis
dasmis TvalsazrisiT, es misi mwerluri gamarjvebaa (baqraZe 2004: 658).
mSeneblobis ufrosi `qurdobisaTvis~ samsaxuridan aTavisuflebs
udanaSaulo daTo naTiSvils (`oqros Tevzi"). axalgazrda inJiners Ra-
miT yaCaRurad daesxnen Tavs, cemes da gondakarguls cementi mopares.
mSeneblobis ufrosi, romelsac davalebuli hqonda simarTlis dadgena,
aSkarad ukavSirdeba qurdul samyaros, qeds ixris misi `wesebisa da ka-
nonebis" winaSe; amitom igi abuCad igdebs daTos simarTles. daTos uk-
virs, rogor SeiZleba ase usamarTlod daisajos adamiani, imedi aqvs,
rom gaarkveven, vin aris mtyuani da vin marTali, magram romani ise s-
ruldeba, rom am simarTlis dadgeniT daTos meti aravin interesdeba,
xolo sufTa guliTa da sindisiT ganmartoeba, Tavis TavSi Caketva mcire
nugeSia misTvis, anu arc aris nugeSi. ufro metic, naTiSvili imdenjer
atares dakiTxvebze, rom sakuTar simarTleSi daaeWves kidec:
`erTi ram mainc ver amixsnia: ratom meCveneboda xandaxan Cemi Tavi
damnaSave? xom vicodi araviTari brali ar mimiZRvoda, piriqiT, kinaRam
momkles. miuxedavad amisa, gulSi mainc gamkenwlavda xolme, TiTqos sad-
Rac me viyavi damnaSave". daTos megobrebi ganaTlebuli adamianebi arian -
Jurnalistebi, fizikosebi, literatorebi, eqimebi, magram isinic TavianT
saTqmels bolomde ver amboben. Jurnalisti gela TiTqos cdilobs dau-

- 96 -
pirispirdes ukanonobas da ibrZvis samarTlianobisaTvis, magram misi
brZola imdenad sustia, rom irgvliv gamefebul Zaladobas mcire winaaR-
mdegobasac ver uwevs. a. sulkauris gmirebs totalitarul saxelmwifo-
Si arCevanis ufleba ara aqvT, amitomac isini daTrgunulebi da gao-
rebulebi arian. personaJTa pirovnul samyaros, urTierTdamoki-
debulebebs da azrovnebis wess lodiviT awevs arsebuli Tu ganvlili
wlebis simZime. maT cxovrebas gaunyrelad Tan sdevs `magiuri" mniSvne-
lobis sityva - `akrZalulia".
swored, amkrZalvelis, cenzoris, Tvalis axvevis mizniT unda avxsnaT
a. sulakauris SemoqmedebaSi kritikuli azrovnebis gabundovanebis,
mamxilebeli paTosis erTgvarad SeniRbulad gadmocemis mcdeloba, ar-
sebuli sinamdvilis mimarT protestis qveteqstebiTa da miniSnebebiT ga-
moxatvisadmi miswrafeba, rac, sabednierod, misi mxatvrul prozisaTvis
yovelTvis damaxasiaTebeli ar aris.

- 97 -
 IV Tavi
arCil sulakauris prozis poetikis zogierTi sakiTxi

a. sulakauri eZiebda da amkvidrebda qarTul prozaSi gamosaxvis

axal formebsa da saSualebebs. Mmisi Tanamedrove sxvadasxva Taobis
mwerlebic cdilobdnen sakuTari literaturuli SesaZleblobebi
moesinjaT erTdroulad ramdenime JanrSi. erTma nawilma gansaxovnebis
axal gzad airCia tradiciuli siuJetis daSla da asociaciuri azrov-
neba, meorem –`cnobierebis nakadi", mesameni TxrobaSi saTqmelis
simbolur-alegoriul gadmocemas aZlevdnen upiratesobas da a. S.
aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, rom a. sulakaurma scada daerRvia prozaSi
socialisturi realizmis meTodiT nakarnaxebi asaxvis kanonebi, gaeTavi-
suflebina igi stereotipuli saazrovno formebisagan, uari eTqva
gavrcelebul savaldebulo Tematikis tradiciul gagebaze. mwerlis
erT-erTi did damsaxurebad, swored, is unda miviCnioT, rom Tavisi sti-
luri da saazrovno poziciiT, man sxvebTan erTad, mianiSna CvenSi axali
prozis Seqmnis aucileblobaze. marTalia, Caketili politikuri sivrce
xels uSlida literaturaTa urTierTobebs, magram 60-iani wlebis msof-
lio mwerlobaSi mimdinare axal cvlilebebi a. sulakauris TaobisaTvis
SeumCneveli ar darCenila. mweralma, Tavis TanamedroveebTan erTad, na-
warmoebis kompoziciis komponentTa gamravalferovnebisa da asociaciuri
azrovnebiT aRbeWdili axali stiliT damkvidrebis gza airCia. litera-
turaSi ki axali xedvisa da stilis Semotanas gansakuTrebuli mniSvne-

- 98 -
loba aqvs da a. sulakauris prozis Rirsebebi swored literaturaSi ar-
Ceuli gzis sirTuliT unda ganisazRvros. erovnul literaturaSi aris
dro, roca msgavsi mcdelobebi aucilebelia, raTa moxdes mwerlobaSi
axali Temebisa da saxeebis Semotana, trafaretuli CarCoebis rRveva.
a. sulakauris prozaSi mxatvrul ukufenas poulobs qarTuli xasia-
Tis mravali gamorCeuli Tviseba. qarTveli kacis saukeTeso sulieri
miswrafebebisa da moqalaqeobrivi poziciis ukompromisoba, sixaruliTa
Tu tragizmis aRsavse epoqaluri movlenebis Cveneba - ai, is risi ga-
moxatvac dausaxavs miznad `wyaldidobis", `lukasa", `oqros Tevzis",
`didTovlobis~, `mtredebis~, `TeTri cxenisa~ da sxv. avtors. misi gmi-
rebi urbanistuli msoflmxedvelobis matarebeli adamianebi arian. Ees
samyaro axlobelia a. sulakaurisaTvisac, radgan igi kargad icnobs
Tavisi personaJebis prototipebs; am garemoSi ufro mZafrad viTardeba
sulieri koliziebi, igrZnoba drois majiscema, saaSkaraoze gamodis Ta-
namedrove cxovrebis av-kargi. mwerlis pozicia da movlenebisadmi
midgoma Tavisi personaJebisagan xSirad gansxvavebulia, obieqturobas
inarCunebs, TiTqmis, miukerZoebelia; adamianisadmi misi damokidebuleba
kacobriobis siyvarulzea dafuZnebuli da es siyvaruli misi Semoqme-
debis erTgvari gasaRebicaa. mwerali amas gulisxmobs, roca wers: `Cven
gavamdidreT erTmaneTi da gavZarcveT kidec; me axla TqveniT var savse.
ra gaZarcvuli da gaqurduli viqnebodi, odesRac Tqven rom ar Semxved-
rodiT... Cemi simdidre xsovnaSi aRbeWdili maxlobel adamianTa Zvirfasi
saxeebia" (`Zveli ambavi").
a. sulakauri Tavisi drois dakvirvebuli moyuradea. Zveli faseu-
lobebis mtkivneul gadafasebas igi Tavisi moTxrobebisa da romanebis
erT-erT ZiriTad Temad aqcevs; gviCvenebs mis Tanamedrove moqalaqeTa
fsiqologiur portretebs da cdilobs Cawvdes cxovrebaSi mimdinare
cvlilebaTa arss. asea, magaliTad, romanebSi: `luka", `TeTri cxeni", `oq-
ros Tevzi".
a. sulakauris prozis poetikis Sesaxeb msjelobisas pirvel rigSi
unda gaviTvaliswinoT avtori, mTxrobeli, romlis saxe nawarmoebis
stils qmnis. a. sulakauris prozaSi TiTqmis erTgvarovani Txrobaa,
magram Txrobis stili Sinagani daZabulobis Tu lirikuli elferis

- 99 -
mixedviT sxvadasxvaa imisdagvarad, Tu vin mogviTxrobs avtori Tu per-
sonaJi. gvxvdeba e. w. `subieqturi Txrobis" magaliTebic; e. i. roca
mTxrobeli CarTulia movlenaTa msvlelobaSi da personaJis fiqrebs
xmamaRla kiTxulobs. am SemTxvevaSi miseul pozicias da Sefasebasac
SegviZlia mivadevnoT Tvali. magaliTad: `me vijeqi da aravis naxva aRar
mindoda. meCveneboda, qveyanaze martodmarto davrCi. usiamovono grZnoba
simartovisa gulze mZimed mawveboda... guia mecodeboda, es patara, lamazi
da TvalTmaqci gogona. de mdgariyo iq, operis baRTan damlodeboda, xom
unda mimxvdariyo, bolos da bolis, rom brma lekvebi ara varT. (`Zveli
ambavi"). aseTnairi Txrobis dros avtori TiTqos gancalkevebiT dgas,
magram personaJis ganwyobaSi da movlenebisadmi damokidebulebaSi gar-
kveulwilad miseuli Sefasebebia Caqsovili, miseuli poziciaa
gamJRavnebuli. aqac a. sulakauri arasodes Ralatobs zomierebis
grZnobas. am Sualedur xazze dgomas grZnobs mkiTxvelic: `uecrad
igrZno - saxe gauwiTlda. sadRac Rrmad, sxeulis SigniT sindisis qejnam
gawkepla. iqve undoda daexSo azri, romelic ase moulodnelad
misdauneburad daebada... daTos eCveneboda, rom yvelafris mizezi TviTon
iyo. es Semawuxeblad mtkivneuli azri veRar moiSora. albaT amitomac
inana, Zmas laparakSi rom ar Sehyva da mxari auba~ (`oqros Tevzi~).
mTxrobeli Tan dahyveba Tavis gmirs da mkiTxvelis Tvalwin TandaTan
Zerwavs misi xasiaTis Strixebs. magaliTad:
`mxolod quCaSi igrZno – Rvino mohkideboda. gzaSi inana, sufra rom
miatova da megobrebs daSorda, ukve aRar axsovda, risTvis iCqara.
SeiZleba imitom – xval adre unda amdgariyo mSeneblobaze wasasvlelad.
Tumca ufro gvianac dawolila. saerTod, daTos ar uWirda diliT
adgoma. nasvamsac da fxizelsac adre eRviZeboda, yovelTvis karg
gunebaze iRviZebda bavSviviT.
SesaZloa, daRlilobis gamoc aCqarda, Tumca axla msubuqad
modioda, sul ar grZnobda daRlas.
gasaocaria, cota dalia Tu ara sul Sinisaken iqaCeboda. megobrebi
Zlivs akavebdnen.
ara, namdvilad daRlili iyo, SfoTiani dRe gaiara~ (oqros Tevzi~).

- 100 -
 mwerlis, mTxrobelis es stiluri Tavisebureba kargad gamoikveTa
monologsa da dialogSi.
a. sulakauris stili iTavsebs rogorc personaJTa Sinagan
monologebs, aseve misTvis niSandoblivia dialoguri metyveleba.
dialogi, a. sulakauris prozaSi, mxatvruli asaxvis prioritetul
formad gvevlineba.
`oqros Tevzi", `TeTri cxeni", `luka", `wyaldidoba", `biWi da ZaRli",
`mtredebi", `Jami dasvenebisa", `didi sefedavle~ da sxva moTxrobebis per-
sonaJTa sasaubro ena datvirTulia Sinaganad daZabuli, mravalplaniani,
mravalxmiani dialogebiT. am mxatvruli xerxis meSveobiT vecnobiT
momaval Tu ukve momxdar faqtebs, Tvals vadevnebT movlenaTa ganviTa-
rebas. dialogis replikebSi igrZnoba iseTi qveteqstebic, romlebic g-
vexmarebian personaJis xasiaTis gaxsnaSi. a. sulakauri, rogorc zemoT
iTqva, xSirad arRvevs realobis CarCoebs da irealur, warmosaxviT
Seqmnil situaciebSi dialogSi monawile meore mxared cxovelTa
samyaros warmomadgenlebic gvxvdebian. oqros Tevzis garda mwerali
Tavis personaJebs adamianis erTgul megobarTan, ZaRlTanac asaubrebs.
Nnagazi instiqtiT xvdeba yovelives da, rogorc Semdeg davinaxavT, biWs
sikeTes daufasebs:
`biWi quCaSi gavarda. nagazi iqve ijda SemkrTali, Tvalebs
feTianiviT acecebda...
_ aba, ra giyo, _ uTxra biWma, arsad ar gaCereben... jer es SeWame da
mere movifiqroT, rogor moviqceT, _ puri Suaze gatexa da naxevari
ZaRls gadaugdo.
oriveni madianad Seeqceodnen TavianT ulufas.
_ isev Sin unda wagiyvano... gareT ver dagtoveb... an daikargebi, an
vinme dagiWers... aq momicade CanTas Camovitan... xval, ra Tqma unda
skolidan gaparvisTvis momxvdeba, magram ra vqna, gareT ver dagtoveb.
biWi da ZaRli isev erTad gaudgnen gzas Sinisaken.
- dedam miTxra Senze – mwyemsebisa iqnebao. albaT, cxvris faram
gaiara qalaqSi da mag sawyals gza daebnao... ise, qalaqSi rom ar
gicxovria, getyoba... dafeTebuli dadixar, Tanac aravin ar gicnobs...~
(`biWi da ZaRli~).

- 101 -
 dialogiT ixateba, agreTve, personaJis sulieri samyaro, misi fsiqo-
logiuri portretic. Ees xdeba maSinac ki, roca saubari Sinaarsidan
daclilia, kiTxvebi da pasuxebi Sablonuria da arafrismTqmeli: `Turme
ra sasiamovno, Tan ra advili yofila, ai Tundac ase, ramdenime wuTiT
SeCerde guSinwin gacnobil adamianTan da isaubro, gindac araferze.
aseTi saubari anda, ufro zustad, layboba, gurams amSvidebda da
simxneves matebda~ (`biWi da ZaRli~).
emociuri elferis mixedviT, gansxvavebulia erTmaneTisagan lukasa
da anduyafaris (`luka"), zurikosa da daTos, daTosa da gelas (`oqros
Tevzi") dialogebi. maTi metyvelebidan gamosWvivis zogjer sulieri tki-
vili da martosuloba, zogjer samyaros aRqmisa da cxovrebis Secnobis
filosofiuri Wvreta:
`daTo: - gela... ici, ra, gela, xandaxan meCveneba, sakuTari Tavi
davkarge da veRar vpoulob.
gela: - ras dakargavdi, rac ar gqonia.
daTo: - Sen xumrob da marTlac egrea. marTla veZeb Cems Tavs...
xandaxan vamCnev, rom CemSi raRaca aris Cemze ufro Zlieri da ar
memorCileba... sxva xazebi aqvs, sxva gzebi...~( `oqros Tevzi~).
`karga xans iwriala da iborga loginSi, etyoba, ramdenime sityvac
wamocda xmamaRla, radgan anduyafari SeiSmuSna da gamoelaparaka:
- ra mogivida luka, ratom ar gZinavs?
- ar vici, ar meZineba, xom ar gagaRviZe?
- ara, arc meZineba. am bolo dros raRac memarTeba, luka, Sens winaSe
damnaSavesaviT vgrZnob Tavs. maSin xom gaxsovs, mTvarisaze fiqri rom
agikrZale? Mmerme me TviTon vfiqrobdi Cum-Cumad. Aaxla ise meCveneba,
TiTqos Sens samyaroSi SemoviWeri daukiTxavad da raRac wagarTvi.
Llukam araferi upasuxa, radgan ver gaigo, ras niSnavda `Sens
samyaroSi SemoviWeri daukiTxavad da raRac wagarTvio~.
- ase giTxra, ara, sxeuli ToTxmet nawilad merRveva da TiToeuli
nawili gansxvavebuli tkiviliT mtkivao?
luka jer ver mixvda, ras ekiTxeboda anduyafari, merme uceb
mTvarisa gaaxsenda.
- ki, ase miTxra.

- 102 -
 - es tkivilebi merme mTvares daukavSira - mTvarec ToTxmet nawilad
irRvevao?
- ki, egre Tqva, Tumca eg ar maxsovs, Tqva Tu ara.
- ra saocaria, Sen ici, rom es marTlac aris dakavSirebuli mTvaris
kleba-matebasTan. mTvare xom zustad ToTxmet dRes andomebs
damWlevebsa da ToTxmet dRes gavsebas?.
anduyafari gaCumda. Kkarga xans dumda, TiTqos eloda, ras etyoda luka.
rogori STabeWdileba moaxdina am naTqvammao. Mmagram Llukas xma ar
gauRia, radgan Sinaganad ar daujera anduyafars. Mmisma gonebam ver
gaiazra, adamianis tkivilebi rogor SeiZleba dakavSirebuli yofiliyo
mTvaresTan~ (`luka~).
ozosa da ananos dialogi imiTaa mniSvnelovani, rom masSi ikveTeba
maTi urTierTobebis axali mxareebi:
` - sxva juris xalxia, Tavisufali gunebisani, Tavis nebaze cxov-
roben.. Tu rame daiCemes, aTasic rom uTxra, ver gadaaTqmevineb.
- gana es cudia? - vkiTxe.
- arc kargia! ozo, amas imitom ki ar geubnebi, Cems naTqvams daujero
da brmad mihyve... vidre nabijs gadadgam, minda kargad dafiqrde" - miTxra
ananom~. dialogze dakvirveba saSualebas iZleva gavxsnaT gmiris Sinagani
samyaro, amovicnoT misi temperamenti, siZneleebis daZlevis unari, SesaZ-
leblobebi. aseve, deida mariamis da ozos dialogze dakvirveba saSua-
lebas gvaZlevs ozos pirovnebaSi aRmovaCinoT CvenTvis manamde ucnobi,
misi xasiaTis dafaruli mxareebi.
a. sulakauris gmirebi dialogSi cdiloben daicvan TavianTi
cxovrebiseuli poziciebi sxvadasxva adamianebTan da sxva situaciaSi
saubrisas. isini konfliqtSi Sedian `sxvis azrTan~, saubroben
msjeloben, rac maTi individualuri xasiaTebis Strixebis gamokveTas
uwyobs xels.
mwerali teqstSi, swored, dialogs akisrebs im funqcias, romelmac
yovelmxriv unda dagvanaxos personaJi da Cvenc vxedavT lukas, gurams,
daTos, iulias, lados, gias, zurikos, ozosa da sxvebs xan eWvebiT
savses, xanac davaSi Cabmulebs, sakuTari Tavis msajulebs, dafiq-
rebulebsa da arsebuli yofiT guldawyvetilebs. dialogiT personaJebi

- 103 -
mxolod erTmaneTs rodi elaparakebian, isini, upirveles yovlisa, Cven-
Tvis, mkiTxvelisTvis saubroben, amitomac dialogs eniWeba funqcia,
gagvimJRavnos moqmed gmirTa sxvadasxva poziciebis marTebuloba
zneobrivi TvalsazrisiT, gviCvenos sakuTari azris dacvis unari, sxvis
azrTan dapirispirebasa da WidilSi:
`- gamarjobaT! - miesalma ucnobi, pasuxs ar daeloda, Tavi gaacno.
- me niko korinTeli var!
- ra gnebavT?
- me pirdapiri kaci var, - Tqva niko korinTelma - saCqarod mWirdeba
cementi.
- mec pirdapir miyvars laparaki, - miugo daTom, - cementi ara maqvs.
- ara gaqvT?!
- ara!
- dRes xom moitaneT?
- diax, movitane!
- oTxi toniT meti!
- eg momavali Tvisaa. winaswar momces.
- Tqven raRacaSi ver garkveulxarT, winaswar aravin arafers ar iZl-
eva.
- me movaxerxe".
dialogi daTos xasiaTis erTgvarad miamiturobaze migvaniSnebs. aqve
mkiTxveli iRebs axal informacias imis Sesaxeb, rom mSeneblobis ufro-
si garkveul kavSirSia e. w. `Sav samyarosTan~ da, kerZod, mis warmomadge-
nelTan - `Sav nikosTan".
a. sulakaurTan dialogSi, agreTve, xSirad Cans personaJis xasiaTis
gaxsnisaTvis aucilebeli Strixi da detali: ase magaliTad:
- `gZinavT, batono aleqsandre?
- jer ara.
- arc me meZineba.
aleqsandre mayaSvili xelmeored daswvda borjomis boTls da wyali
mosva.
- Tqven bednieri kaci xarT, batono aleqsandre, janmrTeloba bednie-
rebaa, me ki avadmyofi var da mkurnalobis nacvlad, ukve mesame zafxuls

- 104 -
am jurRmulSi vatareb. ratom? albaT susti da unebisyofo kaci var...
xom ar dageZinaT, batono aleqsandre.
- ara, - upasuxa naxevrad.
- CemTvis dRevandel dRes gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs, - ganagrZo
Sewyvetili saubari filologiur mecnierebaTa kandidatma - Tqven, ro-
gorc Cans, bevri fuli gaqvT, janmrTeli xarT da arc garegnuli
momxibvleloba gakliaT... TqvenTvis is qali arafers ar warmoadgens, ro-
gorc ki datovebT am saxls, aRar gemaxsovrebaT."
a. sulakaurTan dialogSi gmirisadmi xSirad sxva personaJebis
damokidebuleba, misdami TanagrZnoba Tu faruli dapirispireba
mJRavndeba. magaliTad, moxucis ocnebas TanaugrZnoben misi megobrebi
qvemoTmotanil dialogSi:
` - es gugutas gaumarjos!
- gugutas gaumarjos! erTxmad imeoreben berikacebi.
gabos saxe gaunaTdeba! yvelaferi daaviwydeba amqveynad. amqveynad
gabosaTvis araferi aRar arsebobs gugutas garda.
- guguta am Tvis bolos Camodis, - acxadebs gaRimebuli gabo.
- marTla Camodis? – gaioceben berikacebi, Tan uxariaT. es gaoceba
da sixaruli imdenad moulodneli ar aris, ramdenadac Zlieria da
wrfeli.
- gugutas Camosvlisa iyos.
- iyos!
- lamazi da TeTri gugutasi!
- arc erTs ar unaxavs guguta, magram yvela darwmunebulia, guguta
TeTri da lamazia.
gabo imdens icinis, xvela autydeba. saxeze sisxli moawveba,
gawiTldeba, CabJirdeba. mainc ara cxreba, mainc imeorebs:
- guguta Camodis, Cemi lamazi, TeTri guguta! – Tan axvelebs, Tan
icinis.
mixo simReras wamoiwyebs gugutas pativsacemad. berikacebi ahyvebian.
bebruli, gabzaruli xmebiT ivseba oTaxi. gabo dawynardeba, kmayofilia
madlierebiT Sescqeris megobrebs. jibeebze xelebs moifaTurebs.
cxvirasxocs moZebnis da Tvalebze cremls SeimSralebs~ (`gabo~). A

- 105 -
 dialogis saSualebiT avtori axerxebs aRweros meore personaJis ga-
regnoba, agreTve, daxatos detalebi im garemosi, romelSic misi gmirebi
moqmedeben. dialogis am formiT gamoyeneba a. sulakauris mxatvrul sti-
ls originalursa da daxvewil elfers aZlevs.
a. sulakauri peizaJis – bunebis suraTebisa da urbanistuli xedebis
xatvis didebuli ostatia. mwerali peizaJs, bunebis fons, TviTkmari mniS-
vnelobiT ki ar qmnis, aramed igi moxmobili aqvs personaJTa
ganwyobilebisa Tu garkveuli situaciis paralelurad, maTi ukeT warmo-
Cenis mizniT. garemo, bunebaSi mimdinare movlenebi xSirad TanaugrZnoben
Rrma sulieri dramatizmiT datvirTul gmirebs, amitomac peizaJi kidev
ufro aZlierebs mkiTxvelis emociuri STabeWdilebas. magaliTad:
`gamudmebulma sicxeebma qalaqi mosawyeni gaxada, xolo mtverma da buRma
– sulis SemxuTveli. mas ukvirda, Cinovnikebi rom isev Cveulebrivi
cxovrebiT cxovrobdnen. mtvriani xvatisagan aravis exuTeboda suli da
momabezreblad erTferovani, cxeli dReebi aravis hgvrida sevdas...
axalgazrda moxeles ara marto ukvirda, aRizianebda kidec garemosTan
maTi Seguebis unari. ufro sworad, yofis morevSi danTqmulebs
daClungebuli hqondaT adamianuri vnebebi da ise cxovrobdnen, rom Tavis
garSemo veravisa da verafers grZnobdnen~ (`Rame yabaxze~).
mTvaris mSvenierebis SegrZnebas qalaqSi daukargavs
pirvelyofilobis gancda: `saxuravebs iqiT mTvare amoizarda, telegra-
fis mavTulebSi gaixlarTa. ucnauria, aq mTvare guramisTvisac peizaJis
nawilia... saxuravidan saxuravebze gadadis yviTeli, didi mTvare, iq ki
samyaros usasrulobaSi mosrolili, patara da civi sxeuli".
an kidev, Mmwerali xatavs ara wvimas, aramed misgan gamowveul
Sedegs, Seqmnil ganwyobilebas: `wvimam cota xniT gadaiRo. quCaSi mtveri
dawminda da sasiamovno, notio sigrile datova. orpirma qarma es sigri-
le axla oTaxSi daatriala da gulis amrevi haeri aamoZrava.
autaneli sicxeebi daiWira, dResac dilidanve cxeloda, vazianis
mxridan gamudmebiT uberavda xorSaki qari. xalxi gamolayebuli dafar-
fatebda quCebSi, bedze mouswro wvimam da suli moaTqmevina. ramdenime
saaTi ganuwyvetliv wvimda".

- 106 -
 wvima da wvimiT dasvelebuli quCebis xati leitmotiviviT gasdevs im
sevdian ganwyobilebas, romelic TiTqmis sulakauris yvela moTxrobaSi
igrZnoba. wvimas sulier arsebad aRiqvams igi Tavis poeziaSic:
`gadauReblad wvims da mivdivar,
Cemi sagzali mimaqvs dasavliT.
wvimisTvis xeli Camikidia,
quCaSi momyavs umcros dasaviT”
(`Semodgoma~).
bunebis suraTi zogjer ise moulodnelad Semoaqvs avtors
TxrobaSi, rom amdagvari lirikuli gadaxvevebi aSkarad poetizirebul
elfers aZleven ambis mdinarebas. magaliTad: `Cvens win akaciis didi xe
idga. wvimam yvavilebi daayrevina da xis Ziri TeTrad gadaipenta. yvavi-
lebTan erTad wvimas akaciis surneli Camohqonda dabla da iqaurobas
abruebda".
avtori, xSirad, ara marto gvixatavs garemos suraTs, aramed igi am
garemoSi momxdari movlenebis uCinari Tanamonawilea da danaxuliT
gamowveul sakuTar gancdebze gvesaubreba: `ca uamravi mokiafe varskvla-
viT damCereboda. Zaxilze varskvlavebi TrTodnen da meCveneboda TiTqos
wkrialebdnen kidec, rogorc uzarmazar WaRze brolis girCebi. xandaxan
Cems xmas romelime maTgani daedevneboda, caze cecxlis viwro zols da-
tovebda da ZaxilTan erTad gaqreboda, dainTqmeboda sadRac Zalian
Sors". a. sulakauris mier aRwerili buneba ar aris zogadi, zedapiruli,
an e. w. `naturalobiT" aRbeWdili. mas didi romantikosi poetiviT esmis
`uasakoTa da usuloTa" ena; amitomac mkiTxveli TiTqos mweralTan er-
Tad dadis da emociurobiT eziareba bunebis mSvenierebas Tu mis
Wirveulobas. mwerali ase aRwers mosalodneli amindiT gamowveul
personaJebis gancdebs:
`dRes diliT gamoidara, merme dacxa. 12 saaTisaTvis ukve haeri ar
iZroda da sunTqva Wirda. mcire imedsac ar iZleodnen, arc ca da arc
zRva rom odesme niavi dauberavda. magram mzis CasvlisTvis isev
moiRrubla da male gawvimda kidec, Tumca am wvimas damsveneblebisaTvis
maincdamainc didi Sveba ar moutania. axla mziT gaxurebul miwas cxeli
oxSivari asdioda da isedac notio haers amZimebda~ (`Jami dasvenebisa~).

- 107 -
 mxatvruli ostatobiTaa daxatuli zRvis sanapiros suraTic: `Tixnar
biliks nel-nela dahyva. xSiri balaxiT dafarul ferdobs, zRvis napirsa
da zRvas Crdili efina, magram sivrceSi mainc igrZnoboda mze. mze ukve
amosuli iyo, oRond narinjis xeebiT daburul gorebs aWarbebda (`Jami
davenebisa~).
aseTivea SemoRamebis suraTi zRvaze: `mTvare ukve zRvisken wasuliyo.
feri daekarga. Zala odnav gamocloda da Tavis yviTel sxivebs ise
uxvad veRar Rvrida, rogorc weRan, oTaxSi; magram zRvis erT monakveTze
mainc daaeyara oqro, Rame Sig xelebs urevda da abrWyvialebda".
a. sulakauri ar xatavs `did tiloebs", aramed mokle Canaxatebis
saxiT gadmogvcems bunebis silamazes. magaliTad:
`mze ukve Casuliyo da zRvaze iisferi, gamWvirvale, burusi idga
(`Jami dasvenebisa").
`ca maRali iyo, sufTa da gamWvirvale. aseTi maRali mxolod Semod-
gmois uRrublo caa..." (`mtredebi").
`Tendeboda. cas feri Seecvala, gabacebuliyo, Semodgomis daZenZili
Rrubeli TiTqmis saxuravebze eyara (`oqros Tevzi").
a. sulakauri metwilad urbanistul garemos aRwers. mas SesaniSnavad
xelewifeba qalaquri xedebis, erTmaneTze mijrili saxlebis su-
raTxatebis Seqmna. aq is namdvili didostatia. magaliTad:
`gaRma moCanda orsarTuliani, kramitiT daxuruli saxli, sadac
luka cxovrobda moCanda rikulebiani aivnebi, SuSabandebi, xis
dabrecili kibeebi. aseTi saxlebi mosdgomodnen mtkvris napirs erTi
xididan meore xidamde. erTsarTulianebi... orsarTulianebi....
samsarTulianebi.... erTmaneTs mijrilebi, CaxlarTulebi... zogierTi aivani
pirdapir mdinareze ekida. kramitian saxuravebs gauqmebuli eklesiis
gumbaTi dahyurebda zemodan...~ (`luka~).
Q qalaqur yofis simSvides da idiliurobas xSirad arRveven bunebis
movlenebi – roca wvima modis, roca Tovlia an kidev wyaldidobaa.
urbanistuli cxovrebis ritmiT gaRlili personaJisaTvis wvimas
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba SeuZenia:
`kafeSi ijda da farTo vitrinidan gascqeroda kokispirul wvimas,
Tavdapirvelad xalxi ar Cqarobda. piriqiT, SvebiTa da netarebiT

- 108 -
miabijebdnen trotuarebze. merme wvimam imZlavra da adamianebi sadRac
SeiyuJnen, miimalnen. monacisfro Rrubeli Camodablda da maRal
saxuravebs Camoemxo. ukacriel quCebSi gauTaveblad wvimda. Sua zafxuli
Semodgomis miwuruls daemsgavsa.
drodadro gaielvebdnen sveli manqanebi da umal Tvals
miefarebodnen...~ (`xidi~).
mwerals yuradRebis gareSe ar rCeba arc erTi umniSvnelo detali,
suraTi, erTi kuTxec ki. amiT qmnis im ganwyobilebas, romelic mTlianad
esadageba Txrobis originalur tonalobas: `quCaSi axla marto maRali
Wadrebi idga. Wadrebs aqa-iq moruxo-moyviTalo foTlebi SemorCenoda.
foToli niavis ubralo rxevazec ki wydeboda da trial-trialiT eS-
veboda qvafenilze.
patara skverSi, romelic samsarTuliani sacxovrebeli saxlis yru
kedels ekvroda, meezovem foTlebis Svavs cecxli waukida. rZisferi
kvamli quCaSi datrialda, neSos sunma saxuravamdec miaRwia".
unda aRvniSnoT a. sulakauris prozaSi bunebis suraTis xatvis erTi
Taviseburebac. Qqalaquri yofisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli garemo, misi
xedebi, e. w. ucvleli dekoraciebi, xSirad gacocxlebulia bunebasTan
asociaciuri kavSirebiT, masTan Sedarebis gziT. Ria fanjridan
mosrolili qaRaldis dafleTili nakuwebis cvena akaciis yvavilebis
farfatTan aris Sedarebuli; Spalerze mixatul yviTel vardebs
saidanRac Semofrenili Wia-maia acocdeba; Rameuli qlaqis xedi ki
gaCaxCaxebul xomalds mohgavs. movitanT magaliTebs TanamimdevrobiT:
`guramma baraTi daanakuwa da Ria fanjaraSi moisrola. fanjaras
SiSiT gadaeyuda maSinve: qaRaldis nakuwebi xom aravis gadavayare
Tavzeo. sabednierod, im dros fanjris qveS aravis gauvlia. Sua quCaSi
yviTeli nagazi iwva da wina TaTebSi gaCril Zvals gulmodgined xravda.
quCa TiTqmis gamSraliyo, mxolod CaRrmavebul adgilze etyoboda
asfalts nawvimaroba.
dasavleTisken gadaxrili mze iribad gzavnida sxivebs. mze isev
cxeli da mwveli iyo.
qaRaldis nafleTebi jer kidev haerSi dafarfatebda da trial-
trialiT efinebodnen asfalts akaciis yvavilebiviT~ (`xidi~).

- 109 -
 `Spalerze yviTeli vardebi exata. vardis furclebs ratomRac ruxi
zolebi qonda movlebuli. pawawkintela Wiamaia micocavda. Wiamaiac
yviTeli iyo, ruxi wertilebiT dawinwkluli, verc ki SeamCnevdi. albaT,
Ria fanjridan Semofrinda~ (`oqros Tevzi~).
`fanjridan moCanda Rameuli sivrce. varskvlavebiani sivrce oTaxze
ufro naTeli iyo. Weric ufro naTeli iyo, Werze daborialebda
miriadobiT varskvlavi rkinis aivanze gasasvlel karidan gaCiraRdnebul
qalaqs gascqeroda. qalaqi Ramis reidze mdgari gaCaxCaxebul xomalds
hgavda~ (`oqros Tevzi~).
dasamaxsovrebeli bunebis suraTebi Seqmna mweralma romanSi `TeTri
cxeni". igi mkiTxvels daatarebs alaznis Walebis zRaprul garemoSi da
bunebis mSvenierebiT aRtacebuli kacis TvaliT asuraTxatebs am mSvenie-
rebas: `aqedan alaznis veli orjer erTnairi arasodes minaxavs, sul
sxvadasxvagvarad, nairferad maCvenebda Tu mimJRavnebda Tavs, magram
yovelTvis erTnair grZnobas badebs da erTsadaimave yiJinas amoglejda
xolme mkerdidan. - auuh! mZime gulCaTxrobili dRea, kavkasionis mTebi ar
moCans... Rrublebs kaxeTis miwa Tavidan bolomde daudablebia, mTa da
bari erTi simaRliT gauTanabrebia. eWvic ki Segepareba, rom am velis
miRma goliaTi mTebia cad atyorcnili, mTebi, romlebic mzian amindSi
vardisferi, gamWvirvale burusiT aTrTolebul sivrces, miwas irgvliv
yvelafers, ararealur, zRaprulsa da sizmareul iers aniWebs, axla es
yvelaferi dabali da nacrisferia, anu erTferovani, miwa TiTqos cis
anareklia, mxolod erTgan, Sors, marcxniv alaverdis TeTri taZari an-
Tia sanTeliviT da mTel sigrZeze aqa-iq, nawyvet-nawyvet alazani Tu gai-
elvebs xolme" (`TeTri cxeni~). A
adamiani da buneba - maTi urTierTdamokidebuleba, personaJis sulis
moZraoba - ramdenad gaiTavisebs igi mis garSemo arsebul mSvenierebas,
bunebis silamazes, - mwerlis dakvirvebis sagania. Mmisi gmirebi ara
marto cxovrebis uzenaesi azris maZiebelni arin, yoveldRiuri
sazrunaviT da safiqraliT gadaRlilni, aramed SeuZliaT dainaxon
samyaros mSvenierebac, ganicadon misi idumalebis Zala:
`erTrigad gabawrulebi mivsrialebdiT TovliT daburuli fiWvis
tyeSi. ca mowmendili iyo da mze gvacxunebda. qaTqaTa Tovli mzeze

- 110 -
brwyinavda da Tvalebs gvtkenda. Cvenken gamorbodnen TovliT
damZimebuli fiWvebi da sadRac ukan rCebodnen.
xandaxan gavCerdebodiT da tyis dumils mivayurebdiT. Soriaxlos
kodala ukakunebda xes da am Tovlian didmyudroebas bzaravda. TovliT
visresdiT da vigrilebdiT gaxurebul saxes, mere Tvalebs vxuWavdiT da
mzisken vibrunebdiT pirs gasaTbobad. mere isev mivsrialebdiT xeebisa
da daxlarWnil totebs Soris.. tyis iqiT mze Cadioda. Tovlze iisferi
Crdilebi TandaTan izrdeboda, usaSvelod grZeldeboda da erTmaneTs
exlarTeboda~ (`didTovloba~).
a. sulakauris Txrobis stilis Taviseburebaa personaJis cxovrebis
raime detalis, TiTqos umniSvnelo niuansis win wamoweva, masze yurad-
Rebis gamaxvilebacaa. magaliTad, igi ise aRwers oTaxs, riTac iqmneba
ferweruli tilosaTvis damaxasiaTebeli suraTi. aq `patara" detali
`did" saTqmels gvimxels:
`oTaxi carieli momeCvena. erTi dabali taxti idga, aseve dabali, pa-
tara magida da ori metad moxerxebuli msubuqi savarZeli. magidaze Jur-
nalebi eyara radiomimRebis gverdiT, fanjarasTan wignebiT gatenili sa-
mi Tu oTxi Taro ekida". saxlis interieris Tu ZiriTadi samyofeli
adgilis gacnobiT avtori cdilobs mkiTxveli am saxlSi mcxovrebi ada-
mianis sulSi Caaxedos. aseTi aRwera, am SemTxvevaSi, personaJis gemov-
nebis, interesebis da cxovrebis wesis amsaxvelia:
`oTaxSi uamravi Zvirfasi nivTi idga: wiTeli xis servandi, inkustri-
rebuli, aseve inkustrirebuli vitrina, wiTeli xis dabali, mrgvali ma-
gida, sofa, tyavis ori savarZeli, kedlebze suraTebi ekida. erTi kedeli
daTmobili hqonda uzarmazar tilos. vitrinaSi imdeni da iseTi Zvirfasi
finjnebi gamoefinaT, rom Semrcxva Cemi motanili saCuqrisa". Aaseve, ana-
nos naambobidan mkiTxvelisaTvis saintereso informaciis momcveli mra-
vali mxatvruli detalis damowmeba SeiZleba. iseTi ubralo nivTi,
rogoric saaTia, mniSvnelovani detali xdeba personaJis xasiaTis
amosacnobad:
`ozo, saaTi ratom ar gvaqvs, Tu ici? ramdeni saaTic viyideT mama-
Senma daSala da ver aawyo. gugulianic, Cveulebrivi, `girCebiani" - qala-
qidan Camovidoda, nawil-nawil daSlida da veRar awyobda, Tan imas

- 111 -
ambobda, - amis awyobas ra undao! sofels giJad rom ar moenaTla, me da
papaSeni am ambavs ar vamxeldiT". TiTqos saaTis daSlisa awyobis detali
pirdapir arafers gveubneba ozos mamis xasiaTis Tvisebebze, magram aso-
ciaciiT ukve aSkarad gamoikveTa personaJis Sinagani bunebisaTvis niSan-
doblivi axali Strixi - am kacs daSlili saaTis msgavsad ver auwyvia
Tavis cxovrebac! rogorc vxedavT, gmiris sulieri samyaros gaxsna xdeba
ara mxolod, fsiqologiuri motivaciiT an aramTavar personaJebTan
mimarTebaSi, dialogSi motanili replikebiT, aramed im sagnebiTac, ro-
mlebic mTavar gmirTanaa dakavSirebuli an mis samoqmedo sivrcis
nawils warmoadgens. aseTi SeiZleba iyos saxli, oTaxi, aveji, samosi,
da a.S. a. sulakauri gansakuTrebulad SerCeuli detalebiT gvixatavs
mTavari gmiris Cacmulobasac, mis portrets. gavixsenoT ananos gareg-
noba:
`iqve aRmovaCine, rom anano lamazi qalia, eSxiani. lamazica da eSxia-
nic. Savgvremani, tanadi... saxis nakvTebi swori aqvs da daxvewili, Tma
xSiri, Savi da mbzinavi, TiTqos Zlivs SesamCnevi muqi silurje rom
dahkravs xolome. CemTan amden xans arasodes usaubria da metyvelebiTac
gamaoca. rom ar mcodnoda, verafriT davijerebdi, Tu am qals soflis
gareT fexi ar hqonda gadgmuli... yovelgvari kilokavis gareSe metyve-
lebda"..
a. sulakauri portretis xatvis ostatia. igi yovelTvis yuradRebas
amaxvilebs iseT arsebiT detalze, romliTac ukeT ixsneba personaJis
xasiaTi. magaliTad, ase gvixatavs mwerali asoTamwyob kotikos saxes:
`kotiko, Zia lados geri, asoTmwyobad muSaobda romeliRac stambaSi.
erTi awowili vinme iyo. axmaxi, mxrebSi moxrili. fexebs ise uSnod
daaTrevda, TiTqos SemTxveviT sxvisi gamoebaT. avadmyofiviT
gafiTrebuli saxe qonda, Tanac sul Sewuxebuli dadioda, TiTqos
gamudmebiT raRac tkioda da tkivils verafriT iyuCebda~ (`wyaldidoba~);
mwerali ar cdilobs gmiris profilis mxolod fotografiuli su-
raTis gadmocemas. portretSi aucileblad aris Caqsovili raRac Strixi
personaJis xasiaTidan, romelic SeiZleba misi ganvlili cxovrebis
gzazec migvaniSnebdes:

- 112 -
 `platons didi, meloti Tavi hqonda, saxe bunCula, keTilad moRima-
ri. bolo dros Zalian gasuqda da mesame sarTulze amosvla uZ-
neldeboda. xarbad ar etaneboda saWmels da es simsuqne albaT wlebisa
iyo" (`oqros Tevzi~). dasamaxsovrebelia Savi nikos portretic: `manqani-
dan ixedeboda Suaxnis mamakaci, romelsac kupriviT Savi Tma da
brinjaosferi xmeli saxe hqonda, daxvewili nakvTebi, TiTqos iRimeboda
kidec da arc iRimeboda. iRimeboda Tvalebs qvemoT".
an kidev: `magidas ujda wiTuri mamakaci, Tavi ganier mxrebSi hqonda
Carguli, Tma win gascvenoda da melotis dasamalad kefidan sagangebod
gadmoevarcxna. ufrosis magidas gverdidan misjdomoda, gamxdari grZel-
kisera berikaci, romelsac erTTavad tkbili Rimili dasTamaSebda dam-
Wknar saxeze. igi udidesi mokrZalebiT udebda win xelmosawer qaRal-
debs" (`oqros Tevzi~). rogorc vxedavT,Mmwerali cdilobs profesiidan
gamomdinare stereotipuli garegnobis aRweriT, mkiTxvels
personaJisadmi Sesabamisi ganwyobileba Seuqmnas. Aase, magaliTad:
`kibis TavSi direqtoric gamoCnda, Tan axlda saswavlo nawilis
gamge – Cia, Savgvremani kaci, romelic rqis uzarmazar saTvales
atarebda. direqtoric dabali iyo, oRond Zalze msuqani, zamTar-zafxul
Sublsa da kiserze ofli sdioda da sul cxvirsaxoci eWira xelSi.
axlac qaTqaTa cxvirsaxoci dasrialebda Sublidan kiserze da mere
kisridan Sublze~.
personaJis portretis amgvarad xatva emsaxureba erT Canafiqrs –
mTxrobelma gmiris garegnobis iseT niuansebs unda miaqcios yuradReba,
riTac unda gamoxatos misi dadebiTi Tu uaryofiT pozcia.
gansakuTrebiT es Cans nawarmoebebSi qalTa portretebis xatvis dros.
magaliTad:
`Caxveul-CaxuWuWebul kululebze cecxli ekidebodaT. Savad Se-
Rebil, sazafxulo Silif kabebSi gamowyobilebs pirdapir magidaze
ewyoT msxvil, qaTqaTa da daWorflil mklavebSoris verdateuli Zu-
Zuebi" (`TeTri cxeni~).
aq, xatvisas, ferebi ufro nazi da faqizi xdeba: `megi iseTive susti
da Txeli iyo, rogorc skolaSi. saxezec argamocvliliyo. patara, lama-
zi saxe hqonda, Tvalebis momwvano SuqiT ganaTebuli, oRond Tma axla

- 113 -
sxvanairad daeyenebina, vaJurad SeekriWa da Svenoda, mkerdi... ra suleli
var, ratom Sevxede axla mkerdze" (`xidi~).
an kidev, tasos portreti moTxrobidan `wyaldidoba": `mis win mowi-
fuli, lamazi qaliSvili idga. yelze dacurebuli qera nawnavebi Te-
Zoebamde swvdeboda, SemkrTali Tvalebi dabla daexara, gafiTrebul
saxeze tuCebi nakvercxlebiviT uRvioda.~
am SemTxvevaSi a. sulakauri sul sxvagvari fermweria, radgan saqme
lirikuli gmiris saxis warmoCenas exeba:
`Wadris qveS iulia gamoCnda, axlac tanze viwrod Semotmasnili Savi
kaba ecva"; `iulias yovelTvis tanze SemokvarTuli Savi kaba ecva. gu-
lispiri Rrmad hqonda amoWrili da ise Canda, TiTqos moqnili, qaTqaTa
sxeuli Savi samoselidan dasxltomas lamobda" (`wyaldidoba~).
`nora Zaldautaneblad laparakobda da aseve uSualod moqmedebda –
Slida sufras. koxta qali iyo, pirmrgvali, eSxiani. Rimili Tvalebs
uviwroebda da ufro eSxians xdida, albaT es TviTonac SeniSnuli
hqonda, sul iRimeboda~ (`oqros Tevzi~).
givis portretSi avtori yuradRebas amaxvilebs iseT yofiT detal-
ze, rogoricaa Tma. TiTqos am erTi SexedviT Cveulebrivi detaliT avto-
ri xazs usvams personaJis xasiaTis, misi Sanasamyaros Taviseburebas:
`wablisfri Tma ise koxtad hqonda davarcxnili, rogorc maSin. gego-
neboda, rva weli TmisTvis xeli ar uxlia, gamometyvelebac igive - rac
skolaSi. zviaduri, sakuTar TavSi dajerebuli... oRond odnav dasru-
lebuliyo, davaJkacebuliyo" (`xidi~).
a. sulakauris prozaSi xSirad gvxvdebian gmirebi, romelTa portret-
sac pirdapir ar xatavs avtori, an sulac erTi umniSvnelo StrixiT aR-
niSnavs maT garegnobas:
`quCaSi marto midioda patara, Savgremani biWi, mayvlisferi didi Tva-
lebi hqonda, wyliani da naRvliani" (`biWi da ZaRli~).
xSirad mkiTxvelisaTvis gasacnobad, avtoriseuli TxrobiT ikveTeba
mTavari gmiris garegnobis calkeuli Strixebi. aseTnairadaa daxatuli
mirianis (`oqros Tevzi"), makos (`wyaldidoba"), jorjaZis (`luka"), gura-
mis (`xidi"), barnabiSvilis (`TeTri cxeni") da sxvaTa portretebi. a. su-
lakauri zogjer TiTqos sruliad `SemTxveviT" Semoyvanil personaJis

- 114 -
saxes mkveTrad dasamaxsovrebeli feriT an StrixiT gamohyofs sxvaTagan.
asea, magaliTad, `mwvanefrenCiani" mamakaci moTxrobidan `wyaldidoba";
ebraeli biWi (`luka"); megi - moTxrobaSi `xidi".
mewisqvile antonas saxe, misi garegnoba da Cacmuloba imdenad ainte-
resebs avtors, ramdenadac igi gvevlineba antipodad mTavari personaJisa
- meTevze ladosi (`wyaldidoba"). mewisqvile antonas moTxrobaSi aqvs e.
w. `maprovocirebeli" daniSnuleba. antonas aRviraxsniloba da unamusoba
aRviZebs lados xasiaTSi miCqmalul, miCumebul grZnobebs. amdenad, misi
da misi msgavsi gmirebis (mwvanefrenCiani mamakaci, taso, meduqne, mako da
sxv.) garegnobisa Tu saqcielis gamorCeulad aRwera, maTi grZnobebisa da
gancdebis gadmocema mTavari gmiris xasiaTis gaxsnis mizniTaa ganpi-
robebuli
personaJebis garegnobiT Sepirispireba a. sulakauris sxva
moTxrobebSic gvxvdeba:
`am sawolze ki mecnieri wevs, - axali cnoba miawoda dedaberma da
ratomRac amoioxra, - Tumca rad ginda egeTi mecniereba?! kaci wignebs
SeuWamia. isea gamxdari, mucelSi landi gadis. es ki sul sxvaa, es
muxasaviT magaria. TviTonve naxav, rogoricaa. aba karg dasvenebas
gisurveb, Svilo!~ (`Jami dasvenebisa~).
a. sulakauris TxrobisaTvis niSandoblivia, agreTve, detalizacia
moZraobebisa da qcevebisa. maTSi konkretuli pirovnebis xasiaTi kargad
Cans. magaliTad: `dilaadrian viRac meloti goliaTi moulodnelad ga-
momecxada, - ginda, Tu ara, mamia varo, - momaxara da sakuTar agarakzec
dampatiJa, - modi, am kvira dRes Zveleburad SevuberoTo.
Tavi Sinaurulad eWira, mosvlisTanave sawolze Camomijda, adgoma
da Cacma ar macala, me mainc wamoviwie da wamovjeqi, is ki SiSvel
mxrebze xels mityapunebda. bevrs xumrobda da rogorc mogaxseneT, bev-
rsac icinoda" (`pawawina nigvzis toti~);
`platoni saxegabadruli Sescicinebda nikos. xolo, roca nikom es
uTxra, saxe daeZaba, iseTi gamometyveleba miiRo, TiTqos ver gaigo, ras
eubneboda. nikom xeli Caiqnia, viTom araferi geSvelebao, da usityvod
aniSna is, rac weRan sityviT uTxra. platoni gavida da maleve
Semobrunda ukan~ (`oqros Tevzi~).

- 115 -
 givis sityvebi moTxrobidan `xidi", axasiaTebs ara erT pirovnebas,
aramed mis garSemo myofT:
` - sad viqnebi an ras gavakeTeb... vwer... Tumca vis raSi sWirdeba Seni
naweri... ar esmiT araferi, idiotebi arian". zemoT moyvanili sityvebi er-
Ti mcire nawilia givisa da guramis saubridan. masSi gacxadebulia gmi-
ris daZabuli sulieri mdgomareoba.
a. sulakaurs, rogorc iTqva, Tavidanve ainteresebda cxovrebis
siZneleebTan pirvelad SeWidebuli, mozardi Taobis zneobriv-moraluri
saxe da rogorc davinaxeT sulierad amaRlebuli axalgazrdebic
dagvixata. Kmwerali dasamaxsovreblad aRwers maT pirveli grZnobebis
gamomJRavnebasac:
`levanma nanas mxars xeli moaSora. xels gamohyva gogonas sxeulis
siTbo, magram es xeli kidev grZnobda nanas sust mxrebsa da mklavs, rom-
lebsac axlaxan exeboda";
`luka axlos miuCoCda maikos, ise axlos, rom mklavze misi mxaris
Sexeba igrZno. daixara da frTxilad, TiTqos mtvers suls uberavso,
loyaze akoca. lukam garkveviT dainaxa, CiTis kabis sayelodan rogor
amocurda siwiTle. es muxTali siwiTle jer yels moekida da mere mTel
saxes uceb SemoenTo. maikos xma ar amouRia, arc ganZreula, ijda
gabusunebuli~ (`luka~).
meTevzis colSi erTma SemTxvevam miZinebuli grZnoba gamoaRviZa:
`colma Tevzisa da mdinaris suni igrZno. Txeli nestoebi odnav auT-
rTolda da daebera. es suni meTevzis cols aRizianebda da guls urev-
da, magram axla xarbad Seiynosa igi... qalis sxeuli uCveulo TrTolvam
moicva" (`wyaldidoba~). am mcire moculobis detaliT iwyeba iulias su-
lieri kaTarzisi; iwyeba mis cnobierebaSi miZinebuli Tavmoyvareobis ga-
moRviZeba.
a. sulakauris gmirebis moqmedebis asparezi ZiriTadad urbanistuli
garemoa. aseTi garemo ki `Caketili sivrcis" SegrZnebas badebs (`luka",
`xidi", `zeviT da qveviT", `gabo", `Jami dasenebisa", `pawawina nigvzis to-
ti", `didTovloba", `oqros Tevzi"). am nawarmoebTa gmirebis sulier dra-
matizms umravles SemTxvevaSi, maTi pirovnuli cxovreba gansazRvravs.
eseni xelmocaruli adamianebi arian (givi `xidi"); e. w. `dedikos biWebi"

- 116 -
(`Jami dasvenebisa"-gurami); gzaabneuli, sakuTar grZnobebSi vergarkveuli
axalgazrda kacebi (`didTovloba", `xidi").
a. sulakauris personaJebis xasiaTSi igrZnoba gaoreba da Sinagani
daeWveba. isini arakomunikabelurebi, fsiqologiurad gadaRlili adamia-
nebi arian, martosulni. maTi cxovreba aravis ainteresebs (yovel
SemTxvevaSi TviTon ase miaCniaT). aseTi adamianebi brals sdeben sxvebs,
oRondac sakuTari uniaToba gaamarTlon. isini, ara marto pirovnebebze,
axloblebze, aramed mTel samyaroze arian ganawyenebulebi; gavixsenoT
mirianis monologi: `Sen ar ginda daTo, rom simarTle giTxra, yovel-
Tvis ase iyo, sakuTari simarTle gqonda, sakuTari TamaSi da yvelafers
im Targze sWridi, Tumca amas yovelTvis Seugneblad, gaucnobiereblad
akeTebdi, Sen TviTon ver grZnobdi ise... Sen zrunavdi Cemze, vici wuxdi -
miriani TiTqos umcrosi Zmis fiqrebs kiTxulobda, magram sinamdvileSi
Seni TavisTvis zrunavdi da wuxdi" (`oqros Tevzi~). sulieri sicariele,
egoizmiT nasazrdoebi vnebebi da fiqrTa mdinareba ar aZlevs pirovnebas
sakuTari SesaZleblobebis gamomJRavnebis saSualebas. erTi SexedviT,
TiTqos uxerxemlo da susti adamianebis galereis Cveneba dausaxavs
miznad mwerals. amisaTvis is gansaxovnebis sxvadasxva saSualebebs
mimarTavs, maT Soris mniSvnelovania `mimikisa da Jestis ena~, romelsac
literaturaSi gamomsaxvelobiT metyvelebasac uwodeben. JestikulaciaSi
da mimikaSi kargad Cans gmiris xasiaTi, misi damokidebuleba sxva perso-
naJTa mimarT. mSeneblobis ufrosisa da daTos saubars eswreba ufrosis
TanaSemwe, romlis yoveli moZraoba, Jesti da mimika aSkarad gamoxatavs
mis mliqvnelur, maameblur damokidebulebas ufrosisadmi:
`daTo, raSi iyo saqme, ver mixvda...grZelkiseram uceb moiwyina da Ta-
vi Caqindra, beber indaurs daemsgavsa.
SekiTxvebi imdenad veraguli da moulodneli iyo, rom daTo ailewa,
uceb veraferi moifiqra da sdumda.
- gekiTxebi, im RamiT ra gindoda iq?!
beberi indauri gamococxlda, Tvalebi aucimcimda.
- sacolesTan erTad viyavi...
mSeneblobis ufrosma beber indaurs gadaxeda. beberma indaurma pirze
xeli aifara da Caiqirqila" (`oqros Tevzi~).

- 117 -
 moulodnelobis, gakvirvebis efeqtis mosaxdenad avtori gansxva-
vebul Jestisa da mimikis enas iyenebs. magaliTad: `gelam kinkrixo mo-
ifxana nekiT da fanjridan netarebiT gaxeda sivrces. daTo icnobda am
gamometyvelebas, bevrjer unaxavs igi gelas saxeze ueWveli gamarjvebis
molodinSi aRbeWdili."
a. sulakauri didi ostatobiT xatavs calkeul epizodebsac,
romlebSic xSirad aRwevs mxatvrul srulyofilebas, SeiZleba iTqvas,
rom igi epizodebis daxvewili da gemovnebiani mxatvaria. gavixsenoT ro-
gor iwyeba giasa da ZaRlis megobroba moTxrobaSi `biWi da ZaRli": `biW-
ma veRar moiTmina da yvriliT gaqanda, magram metoqeebTan axlos misvla
mainc ver gabeda, Soridan dauyvira:
- xeli ar axloT, Cemia.
- Senia? mere ra, rom Senia... - gaepasuxa pupuza.
- ginda wyalSi gadavyaroT? - SeekiTxa yvelaze maRali.
biWi swrafad gaiqca win, Tavis tanisamoss xeli dastaca, merme CanTisa-
ken daixara. biWma CanTis aReba ver moaswroa, oTxive erTad daesxa Tavs.
waaqcies, tanisamosi xelidan gamoglijes.
ZaRlis Rrenam gamoarkvia biWebi. SemkrTalni uceb mobrundnen. maT
win veeberTela mura nagazi ijda da iRrineboda. biWebs fiTrma gadahkra
saxeze. SeSinebulebi erTmaneTs miekrnen da civad gauSvebs tanisamoss
xeli.
nagazi iRrineboda.
waqceuli, Secivebuli biWi wamodga, maSinve wahyo SarvalSi fexebi
da xalaTi gadaicva. gabrwyinebuli, TiTqos Signidan ganaTebuli Tva-
lebiT Sescqeroda ZaRls, riyis qvebSoris monaxa fexsacmelebi da
biWebs miubrunda:
- axla?
biWebi ar iZrodnen, sargadaylapulebiviT idgnen. SiSiTa da ZrwoliT
umzerdnen aRrenil nagazs. metoqeebma biWs gadaxedes usazRvro mokrZa-
lebiT, romelSic vedrebisa da mudaris sakmaod didi wili eria, magram
biWi SurisZiebaze ar fiqrobda, is kmayofili iyo imiTac, rom tanisamosi
daibruna, Tanac igrZno, Tu nagazi gverdiT eyoleboda, es Ronieri da
moCxubari biWebi verafers daaklebdnen.

- 118 -
 - wavideT! - uTxra ZaRls
nagazi morCilad gahyva" (`biWi da ZaRli~).
nawarmoebebSi gvxvdeba iseTi damoukidebeli epizodebic, romlebsac
gadamwyveti mniSvneloba ar aqvT siJetis ganviTarebisaTvis, magram
TavisTavadi Rirebuleba gaaCniaT. magaliTad, aseTi epizodia romanSi
`luka":
`meore diliT skolaSi momavali luka cacxvis qveS mjdar rubenas
miesalma. Zalze gaukvirda da SeeWvda Tanac, Tavazianma jujam salami
rom ar daubruna. daeWvebuli luka erTi wuTiT Seyovnda da axla ufro
meti gaoceba gamoexata saxeze. rubena tiroda, qosa, damWknar saxeze
cremli wurwuriT Camosdioda. luka miuaxlovda da hkiTxa:
- ra moxda, ruben, ra gatirebs?
- mtredebi mompares? rodis, rodis upasuxa jujam, Tan muWiT moiw-
minda cremli.
mwvane samtredes karis Ria iyo, wuxel RamiT gamitexeso, - ambobda
memtrede da lukasTan erTad amowmebda gatexil kars, dacarielebuli
samtrede dambali da daobebuli puriTa da narCenebiT yarda. aseT dros
Znelia kaci anugeSo. miT umetes, Zneli iyo lukasaTvis, romelmac Zlivs
moaxerxa eTqva, - guli damwydao. lukas marTalac Seecoda rubena da gu-
lic namdvilad dawyda. juja Tumca Tavze dahkankalebda Tavis marCenal
mterdebs, magram stadionze asafrenad mainc emeteboda...
- sul ramdeni iyo? - hkiTxa lukam.
- oci wyvili - daufiqreblad upasuxa jujam.
lukam sinanuliT gaaqnia Tavi da WiSkrisken gaswia zlazvniT, gulmok-
luli memtrede laparak-laparakiT miacilebda, jujas bolomde ar hqon-
da imedi gadawuruli - Tu TveobiT ar daamwyvdies an ar SemiWames,
naxevarze meti mainc damibrundebao".
mwerali didi ostatobiT xatavs im epizodebsac, romliTac ganmsaz-
Rvreli mniSvneloba aqvT nawarmoebis siuJetis ganviTarebisaTvis. ase-
Tebia:
lukasa da mTvarisas Sexvedra (`luka");
daTo naTiSvilisa da Savi nikos pirveli Sexvedra da saubari (`oq-
ros Tevzi");

- 119 -
 sabasa da ananos gacnobis epizodi (`TeTri cxeni");
qalbatoni mariamis biblioTekis ganadgurebis epizodi (`TeTri
cxeni");
fabulis sirTulis mxriv gansakuTrebiT saintresoa romani `TeTri
cxeni". romanSi erTmaneTis paralelurad sxvadasxva droSi momxdari
ambebia aRwerili; isini calke moTxrobebis saxiTac SeiZleba gan-
vixiloT. magaliTad:
ozos Tavgadasavali - ZiriTadi ambavi.
ananosa da sabas siyvarulis ambavi.
papa ioTamis ambavi.
cxensaSenis ganadgurebis ambavi.
barnabiSvilis Tavgadasavali da misi avkacoba.
mariamisa da misi biblioTekis istoria...
a. sulakauris romanebis siuJeti sakmaod mravalferovania,
nawarmoebebSi `oqros Tevzi", `TeTri cxeni", `luka" SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
ramdenime ambavi paralelurad viTardeba; zogjer am ambebs erTmaneTTan
kavSiri ar aqvT da TxrobaSi calke gamokveTili ambis saxiT gvevli-
nebian. asea, magaliTad, romanSi `oqros Tevzi". mTavari moqmedi gmiris
daTo naTiSvilis Tavgadasavlis gverdiT avtori mogviTxrobs ramdenime
damoukidebel ambavs. esenia:
mirianis Tavgadasavali.
noras cxovrebisa da Tavgadasavlis ambavi.
bubas eSbas cxovrebis istoria.
Savi nikos cxovrebis istoria.
mirianisa da nikos urTierTobis istoria.
aseTnairad SeiZleba ganvixiloT romanic `luka". aqac siuJetur qar-
gaSi ramdenime sxvadasxva adamianis cxovrebis gansxvavebuli istoriebia
aRwerili.
`gabo"-s mTavari moqmedi gmiri erTi Cveulerivi, uiRblo memanqanea,
romelic erTaderT SviliSvilsac daviwyebia. yvelasagan mitovebuli
moxucis yoveldRiurobis aRweraSi a. sulakaurma misTvis Cveuli
mxatvruli ostatobisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli cxovelmyofeloba, lirizmi
da optimizmi Seitana da Seqmna dasamaxsovrebeli saxe drouli, magram

- 120 -
jer kidev Wabukuri SemarTebiT savse kacisa, romelic miuxedavad misi
cxovrebis istoriis dramatulobisa far-xmals mainc ar yris. `adamians
yvela vali gastumrebuli unda hqondes" - es aris am personaJis cxov-
rebis kredo, amiT arsebobs da suldgmulobs igi. grZnobs, rom mis Svi-
liSvils - oqrosferTmebian gugutas sWirdeba, swored, am maRali val-
debulebis grZnobiT iwyebs gabo yovel dilas da am TvaliT ucqeris mo-
mavals.
moTxrobaSi `mtredebi" mweralma gviCvena ori axalgazrdis siyvaru-
lis istoria. mxatvruli detalebis, fsiqologiurad kargad motivi-
rebuli dialogebis momarjvebiT mweralma Seqmna omis periodis Tbili-
sis erT-erTi ubnis mcxovrebTa metad mZime, magram mainc Sinagani liriz-
miT aRbeWdili suraTebi. adamianuri urTierTobebis silamazes a. sulaka-
uri axalgazrdebSi, mozardebSi, maT jer kidev SeubRalav urTier-
Tobebis siwmindeSi eZebs. levanisa da nanas saukeTeso Cvevebi da Tvi-
sebebi sulieri moZraobis iseT niuansebiTaa gamJRavnebuli, rom maTze
dakvirvebiT SeiZleba daxasiaTeba ara mxolod erT konkretuli pirov-
nebisa, aramed mTeli Taobisa.
`mtredebSi" avtori naklebad mimarTavs simboloebsa da miniSnebebs,
magram erTi Cveulebrivi ambis gadmocemiT, mkiTxveli Zaldautaneblad
eziareba adamianTa ubraloebisa da TanagrZnobis, sikeTisa da sulieri
siwmindis momxiblav mSvenierebas.
mwerlis aseTnair Canafiqris ganxorcielebas emsaxureba mcire
siuJetiani moTxrobac `didTovloba". erTi SexedviT patara, banalur
TavgadasavalSi, avtorma Caatia didi mniSvnelobis saTqmeli - Tu rogor
SeiZleba adamianma gauTviTcnobiereblad, saidanRac mosuli moulodne-
li SiSis gamo dakargos SegrZneba cxovrebis yvelaze mSvenieri wu-
Tebisa; Tu rogor SeiZleba ver dainaxo Sens gverdiT arsebuli didi si-
lamaze da nebayoflobiT Tqva uari sakuTar bednierebaze.
a. sulakauri sainteresod warmarTavs siuJetis mdinarebas
moTxrobaSi `Jami dasvenebisa". aq eqspoziciaSi TandaTanobiT vecnobiT
mTavar personaJebs da arsebul situacias, aRweril garemos:
`pirvel saRamos maT ukve icodnen, vin romeli qalaqidan Camovida,
ra saqmianobas eweoda da ra damsaxureba miuZRvoda erisa Tu qveynis wi-

- 121 -
naSe. garda amisa, isini wvrilmanebsac aniWebdnen udides mniSvnelobas.
amitom saWirod sTvlidnen scodnodaT, vin iyo gaTxovili an gauTxova-
ri, coliani an ucolo, ojaxi ramdeni sulisagan Sedgeboda da sxva. da-
sasvenebeli saxli zRvidan ormoc metramde aRmarTul tinis kldeze id-
ga. napiris gaswvriv, ramdenime kilometris manZilze sxva Senoba ar Can-
da. etyoba, arqiteqtorebs Senobis garegnuli ierisaTvis bevri uzruniaT
da Zveleburi qongurebiani cixe-koSkis forma mounaxavT kidec. TvalSi-
sacem butaforiulobas Tu arad CavagdebT, xuroTmoZRvrebs Canafiqrma
erTgvarad mainc gaumarTla...
ezoSi samni daseirnobdnen: mavra CubiniZe, Teimuraz mebuke da arkadi
cezari. pirvels pedagogiurma moRvaweobam Tma gauWaRarava, igi sol-
fejios aswavlida Tbilisis erT-erT musikalur saswavlebelSi. meore
filologiur mecnierebaTa kandidati gaxldaT, - Cia, avadmyofurad fer-
mkraTali kaci. xolo mesame Zveli iluzionisti iyo, pensioneri, siberisa
Tu grimis xSiri xmarebisagan saxe danaoWeboda, daWknoboda, rqis saTva-
lidan bebrulad sevdiani Tvalebi mouCanda". aq mSvidi da dinji Txroba
win uswrebs siuJetis SedarebiT daZabuli momentebis Semdgom ganviTa-
rebas.
romanis `oqros Tevzi" eqspoziciuri nawili ufro lakonurad aris
gadmocemuli. aq, vidre konfliqti daisaxebodes, dramatuli kvanZi Seik-
vrebodes, vecnobiT naTiSvilebis ojaxur urTierTobebs, cxovrebis
stils, obivatelur garemos, adamianTa gaorebul xasiaTebs. gavrcobil
eqspoziciaSi saubaria dafarul vnebebze; mkafiod ikveTeba, rom am
ojaxSi moCvenebiTi simSvidea davanebuli da WaobisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli garemo sufevs. romanis Sesavali nawilis gacnobac ki
sakmarisia imis gasarkvevad, rom ase cxovrebis gagrZeleba SeuZlebeli
gaxdeba am ojaxis kedlebSi myofi axalgazrdebisaTvis.
moTxrobis `wyaldidobis" eqspozicia srul suraTs iZleva perso-
naJTa mosalodneli sulieri kataklizmebis Sesaxeb. yofili meTevze la-
do sakuTari xeliT angrevs saxls, sadac odesRac bednieri iyo: `rogor
vifiqrebdi, Tu odesme me TviTon davangrevdi im saxls, sadac bavSvobisa
da yrmobis wlebi gamitarebia.

- 122 -
 CuRureTi metwilad mewisqvileTa da meTevzeTa ubani iyo. bunebrivia,
mewisqvileni da meTevzeni mdinaris pirad unda yofiliyvnen dasaxlebul-
ni da Cveni ubanic mtkvris marcxena napirs mihyveboda yofili voronco-
vis xididan muxranis xidamde. saxli, sadac me vcxovrobdi, mtkvars ga-
dahyurebda, aivnebi mtkvarze ekida... didi xnis Semdeg isev Cvens aivanze
videqi da mtkvars davcqerodi, davcqerodi da veRar vcnobdi Cems Zvel
megobars: betonis jebirebSi dadinjebuliyo, SeumCnevlad miedineboda.
gluv zedapirs aerekla ganTiadis fermkrTali ca, sanapiro. qvis
moajiri, xis wverokanebi da mTawminda. orive sarTulis aivanze sicarie-
le damxvda, siCume. boZebs Soris gabmul Tokebze ar frialebda TeTreu-
li, ar ismoda mezoblebis gauTavebeli yayani. ezos mtkvris mxridan sa-
napiro moswoloda, daviwroebuliyo, saxlic sabralisad gamoiyureboda:
daberebuliyo, daCaCanakebuliyo, odnav win gadazrdiliyo. ifiqrebdi,
moaxloebuli faTeraki ugrZvnia gasaqcevad momzadebula, magram weli
veRar auTreviao. davdiodi dacarielebul oTaxebSi... yvela kari Ria
damxvda... am viwro oTaxebSi Cven vcxovrobdiT... aq Cemi bavSvobis me-
gobrebi cxovrobdnen... sada xar axla, levan da nana, bebia mako! Tqvenc
wasulxarT, abargebulxarT" (`wyaldidoba~).
a. sulakauri Tavis nawarmoebebSi personaJTa dasamaxsovrebel
sxeebs qmnis. zogjer maTi Sinagani buneba, namdvili saxe Txrobis bolos
ki ar mJRavndeba, aramed Tavidanve aSkara da TvalnaTlivia. meTevze la-
do sakuTar saxls angrevs (`wyaldidoba"), im saxls, sadac odesRac bed-
nieri iyo, magram am saxlSi igi erTdroulad ubeduric gaxda. amitomac,
lados am Zvel SenobasTan sakmaod rTuli da mZime mogonebebi akavSi-
rebs: `oriode nabiji gadavdgi. muSis saxe mecnaura. ufro davakvirdi da
vicani kidec, namdvilad vicani: igi meTevze lado iyo. misma gulgri-
lobam gamaoca. mSvidad Semovida, kibeze Camojda da Tavi gazeTSi Cargo.
Tavis yofili saxlisken arc gauxedavs, TiTqos iq arc ecxovros, TiT-
qos iq ar yofiliyos misi kera". ladosTan saubarSi gamoikvvTa am gmiris
sulieri tkivili `-advili saqme moundviaT... dangreva advilia.. ai, me bev-
ri ram damingrevia... wlobiT naSeni erT dRes damingrevia, - man xeli Ca-
iqnia da damSorda. mere isev momibrunda. Tvalebi naRveliT avseboda, -
amas daangrev, magram rac me davangrie, veRar avaSene... veRar avaSene".

- 123 -
 moTxrobaSi `abelis dabruneba" Txroba datvirTulia ukiduresi dra-
matizmiT. abeli brundeba sakuTar ojaxSi da aq nacnobi nivTebis garda
Sinauri aRaravin xvdeba. Ria karebSi ki idga misive jalaTi, misive
damsmeni da mosamarTle, vinc brali dasdo udanaSaulo abels da daRu-
pa igi.
`Tvrameti weli am dRes eloda abeli da aha, dadga es dRec! simar-
Tle gaigo. amisTvis uZlebda damcirebas, darbevas, gapartaxebas. axla
Tu movidoda sikvdili, siciliT Seegebeboda, xolo maSin ar undoda
sikvdili. bevrjer unatria, magram ar undoda sikvdili".
a. sulakauris moTxrobebsa da romanebSi daxatul adamianTa arsebaSi
xSirad xdeba warsuliT nasazrdoeb, SeCveul da amave dros Rirseul,
amaRlebul grZnobebTan gamoTxoveba; ufasurdebian tradiciuli Ri-
rebulebebi, fermkrTaldebian Zveli mogonebebi, magram mwerlis
gamarjveba isaa, rom am did sulier Zvrebs Tan axlavs zneobrivi
ganaxleba, tanjvisa da gansacdelis gavlis Semdeg axali adamianis
dabadeba. tragikuli peripetiebis Semdeg iwyeba gmiris sulieri cxov-
rebis xelaxali aRorZineba, iwyeba gmiris sulieri kaTarzisi. dgeba
dro, roca farda exdeba damalulsa da dafarul borotebas, dgeba
Tvalis axelis mtkivneuli momenti:
moTxrobaSi `wyaldidoba” aseTi viTarebaa maSin, roca iulia _
moRalate coli, simarTles eubneba qmars, iwyeba axali safexuri gmiris
cxovrebaSi, tkiviliani, Sxamnarevi simarTle sicocxles umwarebs
lados, magram mosaxdeni mainc unda moxdes:
`_ Sen araferi ar ici... lado...
iuliam qmris xelebi moiSora da wamodga, mas gadawyvetili hqonda
yvelaferi eTqva qmrisTvis.
_ Sen saTevzaod... yovelTvis Rame dadiodi... saRamos waxvidodi da
diliT brundebodi...
_ ho, diliT vbrundebodi.
_ roca Sin ar iyavi... _ iulia gaCumda.
lados jer guli SekumSa, Semdeg mZlavrad dauwyo baguni.
_ roca Sin ar viyavi, xdeboda aq rame?
_ ho.

- 124 -
 _ modioda vinme?
_ ho.
_ vin modioda?
_ stefane.
meTevzes saxe moebruca, aelewa, Tvalebi daxuWa da karga xans
darCa gunZrevlad....
_ ici, rad geubnebi; minda motyuebeli ar dadiode am qveyaneze, arc
Cemgan, arc sxvisgan.... Sen Rirsi xar imisa, rom qveyanaze motyuebuli ar
dadiode.
lado gadmovida taxtidan.
iuliam dainaxa rogor caxcaxebda es goliaTi kaci~.
` - me vicodi, waxvidodi da aRar dabrundebodi... Sen ufro amayi xar,
vidre... - iuliam ver daamTavra saTqmeli, Tvalebi cremlebiT aevso da
xma Cauwyda, igi gaqurduliviT idga. dacarielebuli. uecrad igrZno: da-
karga is, rac misTvis yvelaze metad Zvirfasi iyo, Tanac dakarga samuda-
mod" (`wyaldidoba~).
mZafri movlenebis Semdeg sulieri gardasaxva iwyeba zemdegis pirov-
nebaSic moTxrobaSi `talRebi napirsaken miiswrafian". jariskaci mokvda...
iwyeba ganTiadi, gadarCenili zemdegis sulSi gaCnda naTeli: `ase daCoqi-
li Sexvda imediviT mosul ganTiads, romelic sinaTles hfenda usasru-
lo sivrces. es sinaTle mis sulsac wvdeboda da rogorc zRvaze, mis
sulSic ifanteboda sibnele. `netavi masac ecocxla ganTiadamde", - Tqva
da Tvalebze cremli moadga. amRvreuli mzeriT daxeda jariskacs.
jariskacis saxes naTeli adgeboda. me viZieb Surs Riad darCenili saf-
lavebisaTvis, - warmoTqva CurCuliT zemdegma, TiTqos loculobda".
mwerlis SemoqmedebiT Taviseburebebze saubrisas kritikosebi yovel-
Tvis aRniSnaven mis saocar unars, adamianis fiqris Rrmad wvdomisa. a.
sulakauris saguldagulod adevnebs Tvals personaJis fiqris moZ-
raobas, Sinagan Widils da faruli zraxvebis mdinarebas. es viTareba
imiTac unda iyos ganpirobebuli, rom rogorc zemoT iTqva, a. sulakauri
prozaSi poeziidan movida da Tan moitana poeziisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
msoflmxedveloba, adamianis sulieri moZraobisadmi gansakuTrebuli in-
teresi, SesaniSnavi ferweruli saxeebi da metaforuli azrovneba.

- 125 -
marTebuli SeniSvniT: `a. sulakauris proza gamoirCeva Tavisi sisadaviTa
da simsubuqiT. asea es imitom, rom man Seisisxlxorca Cveulebrivi ma-
sobrivi metyveleba. a. sulakauris prozaSi ar igrZnoba, rom mwerali
bunebrivi metyvelebis misaRwevad raime xerxs iyenebs. mwerlis
moTxrobebisa da romanebis sicocxlisunarianoba maTSi aRwerili ambis
realisturobaSi ki ar unda veZeboT, aramed am ambis poetur gansaxie-
rebaSi" (margvelaSvili, `mnaTobi~, 1977). TavisTavad poeturobas qmnis is
garemoeba, rom dawyebuli ambis finali nawarmoebis dasasruls xdeba
sacnauri. levanis sityvebis dafarul azrs ver xvdeba nana (`mtredebi"),
verc mkiTxveli uZebnis amoxsnas mas, magram bunebis suraTis, saerTo
ganwyobilebis SeqmniT avtori axerxebs gagvagebinos gmiris sulsa da
gonebaSi momxdari didi gardatexis Sesaxeb:
`- maCvene Seni palto, iqneb gamosaSvebi hqondes...
- SeiZleba paltos Cacma arc damWirdes.
- ratom, Tbili zamTari iqneba?
- ara.
- maS.
- ra vici, ise vTqvi, sxvaTa Soris,
viwro sarkmlidan daRrubluli sivrce moCanda, nacrisferi, daZenZi-
li Rrublebi notio CvrebviTi ekida caze. isini sarkmelTan idgnen da
gareT ixedebodnen. kramitze wvimis wveTebi xmaurobdnen, merme Tavs
iyridnen Tunuqis RarSi da wvimis wyali nakaduliviT garboda, qafmore-
uli".
a. sulakauris prozaSi aRweril samyaroSi borotebas da SurisZiebas
sikeTe amarcxebs. dramatul, tragizmiT aRsavse cxovrebiseul movlenebs
yovelTvis ubedurebisaken ar mivyavarT da rom yvelaferi dakarguli ar
aris. marTalia, sulakauris gmirebs mravali gansacdeli gamouvliaT,
magram maT sruliadac ar SenelebiaT sicocxlis wyurvili. aseTi
ganwyobilebiT xatavs igi Tavis gmirebs: gias (`biWi da ZaRli"), lados
(`wyaldidoba"), levansa da nanas (`mtredebi"), liasa da gogis (`zeviT da
qveviT"), lukas (`luka"), gabos (`gabo"), abels (`abelis dabruneba"), ozos
(`TeTri cxeni").

- 126 -
 `lukam didi mwvane mindori dainaxa, yvavilebiT mofenili. mindorze
TeTri cxvari da Txis jogi gamoCnda, Txis jogSi erTi lamazi TeTri
Tikani SekuntruSda da Sexta...mouoxeT, batonebo, batonebo, mouoxeT...
(`luka").
gavixsenoT moTxrobis `zeviT da qveviT", dasasruli: `uRrublo ca
iyo, varskvlavebiT moWedili. iseTi siCume sufevda, rom marto Cemi
nabijebis xma ayruebda midamos. am did siCumeSi, did dumilSi lias da-
Zaxeba mominda da davuZaxe kidec. Zaxili mTebma gaimeores da ukan da-
mibrunes... amiTac ar gaTavebula Cveni ambavi. arc gaTavdeba, vidre var-
sebobT me da lia".
a. sulakauri im SemoqmedTa kategorias ekuTvnis, romelTac gansakuT-
rebiT hqondaT gamaxvilebuli zneobrivi pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba. amas
mowmobs misi gmirebis anduyafaris, bogdanas, lukas, gias, jariskacis,
lados, daTos, gelas, gogis, lias, ananos, ozosa da sxvaTa poetizi-
rebuli, moralurad srulyofili saxeebi.
a. sulakauris prozis poeturobis ganapirobebs isic, rom mwerali
TiTqos umniSvnelo romelime detals, epizods, momxdar faqts, raime
SemTxvevas, zRaprulobis, gansakuTrebulobis elferiT mosavs, riTac
vlindeba mTxrobelis romantikuli ganwyobileba, misi miswrafeba
CveulebrivSi dainaxos araCveulebrivi, amaRlebuli. Aasea daxatuli
Tovliani bunebis suraTi:
`ca mowmendili iyo da mze gvacxunebda. qaTqaTa Tovli mzeze
brwyinavda da Tvalebs gvtkenda. Cvensken gamo.. - TovliT datvirTuli
fiWvebi da sadRac ukan rCebodnen. tyis iqiT mze Cadioda. Tovlze iisfe-
ri Crdilebi misrialebdnen da Crdilebi TandaTan izrdeboda, usaSve-
lod grZeldeboda da erTmaneTs exlarTeboda". xatovani Sedarebebisa da
epiTetebis gamoyenebiT avtorma bunebis ara marto poetizirebuli sura-
Ti Seqmna, aramed moaxerxa Seeqmna ferTa gama, SeZlo mieca sityvisaTvis
feri da musikaluri JReradoba. es faqti ki udaod metyvelebs mwerlis
sulier sifaqizesa da mis maRalmxatvrul gemovnebaze.
poetizirebuli xdeba sivrce, garemo, Rrubeli, adamiani, rac a. sula-
kauris, rogorc mwerlis, gamosaxvis interesebis sferoSi moeqceva. `viw-
ro sarkmlidan daRrubluli sivrce moCanda. nacrisferi, daZenZili

- 127 -
Rrublebi notio CvrebiviT ekida". am SedarebiT avtorma Seqmna origina-
luri poeturi suraTi Rrubliani, Cveulebrivi amindisa. TiTqmis araf-
riT gamorCeuli yoveldRiurobidan aiRo da mxatvruli Rirebuleba mia-
niWa Cveulebrivs, rigiTs. es mxolod sityvis ostaturi flobiT miiRwe-
va. aseTive damokidebulebiT aRwers mwerali mdinare mtkvars:
`mtkvari misi bavSvobis mdinare iyo, bavSvobidanve esmoda es xmauri
da sul egona, am xmebiT mtkvari raRacis Tqmas apirebda, wvalobda,
itanjeboda da mainc ver agebinebda... mermec ase fiqrobda: talRebis
srbolaSi imaleboda raRac didmniSvnelovani, maradmWmunvari da marad-
Seucnobeli. mdinaris moZravi da cocxali sxeuli, dauxSobeli xma izi-
davda da eZaxda, aRelvebda, rogorc cxovreba an qali. mtkvari bneli da
gulCaTxrobili moeCvena. etyoboda, dRes veRar gaugebdnen erTmaneTs.
dRes mtkvris dRe ar iyo. uazrod mdgarma maRalma napirs gaxeda. CuRu-
reTSi aqa-iq sacodavad kiafobda sinaTle da mdinaris zedapirze mkrTa-
lad irekleboda. gawbilebuli gabrunda ukan, TiTqos megobarTan, movida
da megobari Sin ar daxvda". poeturobis elferis matarebelni arian per-
sonaJebi: luka, mTvarisa, gia, gabo, bogdana, lia, jariskaci da a.S. aq er-
Tsac aRvniSnavT: gansxvaveba, romelic arsebobs Cveulebriv qaliSvilsa
da mTvarisas Soris, an Cveulebriv biWsa da gias, lukas Soris, an kidev
gansxvaveba anduyafaris garegnobasa da mis Sinagan samyaros Soris -
qmnis im warmosaxviT manZils, romelic mkiTxvelma Tavisi fantaziiT un-
da daZlios, raTa personaJebi srulyofilad gaicnos da maTi safiqrali
da satkivari gaiTavisos.
a. sulakauri nawarmoebTa siuJetSi iyenebs asaxvis kontrastulobis
principsac. am principis mixedviT aq marto personaJebi ki ar arian
daxatulni, aramed iqmneba dasamaxsovrebeli epizodebi da situaciebi.
aseTia, magaliTad, meTevze lados mtkvarTan brZola ucxo nagazis gada-
sarCenad da iqve, mewisqvile stefanes mier Zlivs gadarCenili nagazis
fexiT adidebul wyalSi gadagdeba; lados patiosneba da stefanes unamu-
soba (`wyaldidoba") levanis mamakacuri Rirsebebis vasikos avxorcobas-
Tan Sepirispireba (`mtredebi"); yviTelfrenCiani mamakacisa da makos fi-
losofia (`wyaldidoba"); mTvarisas monologi, anduyafari da polikarpe

- 128 -
(`luka"). kontrastebiT xatvis amgvari xerxi isev poeturobasTan aris
wilnayari.
a. sulakauris mxatvruli proza datvirTulia saxe-simboloebiT,
romlebiTac mwerali personaJebis cxovrebisa da moqmedebis dafarul
arss gvixsnis. simbolur-alegoriuli azrovnebiT mwerali xSirad
mianiSnebs adamianis qcevis gaucnobierebel motivebze da qcevebze. emo-
ciuria lukas sizmari Tavisi simbolur-semantikuri da azrobrivi dat-
virTviT gamo; an kidev simbolur mniSvnelobas iZens dakarguli mtre-
debis dabruneba moTxrobaSi `mtredebi".
mtredi uZvelesi bibliuri saxea, romelic mSvidobisa da keTili
ambebis macned gvevlineba. dakarguli mtredebis isev dabruneba mSobli-
ur saxuravebze omis dasrulebisa da dabrunebuli simSvidis simbolod
Semoitana avtorma moTxrobaSi.
saintereso simboluri saxea mwerlis SemoqmedebaSi mTvare. mTvare
SemTxveviT ar aris erT-erT mTavari xati a. sulakauris prozasa Tu po-
eziaSi. xSirad gvxvdeba mis leqsebSi mTvariT sxivfenili samyaro, mTva-
riani Rame, fanjridan gafrenili Tu `ToTo CviliviT" mklavebze miZi-
nebuli mTvaris xateba. magaliTad:
`vRelav da mTvare oTaxSi damaqvs,
mTvares bavSviviT mklavebze Zinavs”.
(`Ramis simRera~)
anda:
`saRamoxanad mTvaris RimilSi
Canda tkivili jvarze gakruli
da lurj CrdilebSi gafantul fiqrebs
mimwuxris Suqi gahyva kaciviT”.
mTvare a. sulakaurTan iZens im mniSvnelobas, romlis Sinaarsi
iTavsebs da idumali mizidulobiT gansazRvravs adamianur yofierebas,
misi arsebobis sazriss. mTvare da yviTeli feri, ufro swored maTi
erTianoba, qmnis azrisa da grZnobis im idumal urTierTkavSirs, romlis
erTianobaSic sicocxlis maradiuli wyurvili da siyvarulis gadamrCeni
Zala igulisxmeba. mniSvnelovania am kuTxiT mTvarisas monologi
moTxrobidan `luka", sadac mTvare xdeba admianis gansakuTrebuli yofis

- 129 -
gamomxatveli. Semdgom misi gavlenis are ufro farTovdeba da igi
mxolod Sinagani mdgomareobis mimaniSneblad ki ar aRiqmeba, aramed iq-
ceva fizikuri da sulieri mdgomareobis erTianobis gamomxatvelad, sin-
Tezuri mniSvnelobis simbolod. mTvarea SeSlili qalis qvecnobieri me-
gobari; mas iseTi gancda aqvs, rom mTvares misi tkivilebic ki stkiva.
mTvare, rogorc mudmivi ganaxlebis simbolo, amoirCia mTvarisam sakuTa-
ri `mes" gamoxatavad da saxelic misi dairqva. qalisa da mTvaris xatiT
erTianobiT a. sulakauri simbolurad xazs usvams adamiansa da gare-
samyaros erTianobis maradiulobas. avtori tyuilubralod ar axdens
mTvaris simboloze aqcentirebas. SemoRamebis idumali saxilveli Tavi-
seburi niSansvetia axali JamTaaRricxvis dasabamisa, radgan aq edeba sa-
Tave mTvarisas maradiul ltolvas, miswrafebas amaRlebisa da
srulyofilebisaken. mTvarisas miTosuri arqetipi ki izidaa - Zvel egvip-
telTa uzenaesi qalRmerTi. izida dastiris Zmasa da qmars - oziriss,
romelic urCxulma mokla. izida egviptis mTvaris, miwisa da nayofie-
rebis gamomxatvelia, ozirisi sinestis, nayofierebis, nilosis da mzis
RmerTi. isini tyupebi iyvnen da dedis mucelSive SeuRldnen. izidasa da
oziriss emtereboda sikvdilis, udabnos, simSralis RmerTi, misi Zma se-
Ti, anu tifoni. man ozirisi moatyua, moutana lamazi kidobani, vinc ama-
Si Caeteva, imas vaCuqebo. ozirisi motyuvda, Cajda masSi (amiT SeiZleba
nilosis dakleba da sagazafxulo daSroba igulisxmeba, roca SeiZleba
marcvlis miwaSi CaTesva), tifonma Tavi daaxura, fisi Caasxa da mdinares
misca. Semdeg kidobani gairiya mdinaris napiras, masze xe amovida. es xe
moewona biblonis mefes da Tavisi sasaxlis svetad gaakeTebina. oziriss
eZebda izida, ipova. amoiyvana kidobnidan, dastiroda, tifonma isev ipova
mkvdari ozirisi, ToTxmet nawilad dakepa da dedamiwaze mimofanta. izi-
dam ipova yvela nawili, sadac poulobda iq taZars aRmarTavda da yvela
es adgili wminda adgilad iqca. Seakowiwa, qmris sxeuli da fileSi,
abidosSi damarxa, Semdeg ozirisi gacocxlda. igi micvalebulTa meufed
da mosamarTled iqca. is isev Seipyro tifonma da misi gaTavisufleba
SeZlo mxolod misma Svilma horisma, romelic Seeba tifons da ubedur
ded-mamas sixaruli daubruna. izida mTvaris RmerTia, ozirisi - mzisa. es
ciuri sxeuli mxatvrul fantaziaSi transformaciis Sedegad jer gmi-

- 130 -
ris Sinagani mdgomareobis simbolod iqceva, Semdeg ki zogad gamomxatve-
lad adamianis tkiviliani yofisa.
a. sulakaurTan mdinares, wylis stiqias, konkretulad mtkvris saxes,
gansakuTrebuli simboluri daniSnuleba eniWeba. avtori cocxali orga-
nizmiviT aRiqvams mtkvars - `maradiul mdinares". mdinare aris erTader-
Ti, romelic absoluturad TanaugrZnobs masTan dakavSirebul perso-
naJTa ganwyobilebas. a. sulakauris prozaSi igi mxatvrul saxed aris
qceuli. Am mdinares ukavSirdeba mravali adamianis bedi da misi
mSfoTvareba Tu siwynare xSirad personaJTa emociur-fsiqologiuri
mdgomareobas gansazRvravs kidec. mwerali emociurad aRwers mtkvris
suraTs:
`fanjridan moCanda mtkvari da mtkvris gaRma napiri, ferdobze
Sefenili qalaqis Zveli ubani erTmaneTze miwyobili, dabrecilaivniani,
kramitiT daxuruli saxlebi. maT Soris, rogorc dedofali, idga
godolisebuli Senoba, romelsac qamariviT qonda Semortymuli xis
lurji aivani.
mdinaris mimarTulebas aq ver gaigebdi. wyali yoveli mxriT
moZraobda, bdRvinavda, fuTfuTebda, uzarmazari qvabiviT duRda,
Zabrulebs aCenda. dineba swrafad, mzakvrulad icvlida gezs, aguris
kedels exeTqeboda da ukan dabrunebuli ufro moulodneli
mimarTulebiT midioda. momwvano feri dakravda morevs, miukareblad
civsa da Rrmas~ (`Rame yabaxze~).
wylis stiqia am SemTxvevaSi aRiqmeba, rogorc simbolo warmav-
lobisa, aseve maradiuli ganaxlebisa. wyali sicocxlis sawyisia, erTi
oTxkavSirTagani; igi erTdroulad ganaxlebisa da sikvdilis momtani
stiqiaa. is samyaros denadobis, warmavlobis da mudmivi ganaxlebis xati-
a. amitomac mwerlis TiTqmis yvela prozaul nawarmoebSi wyals - mdina-
res umTavresi adgili uWiravs (`luka", `biWi da ZaRli", `wyaldidoba",
`Rame yabaxze", `TeTri cxeni"). moedineba mdinare mtkvari, rogorc drois
(borotisa da keTilis) usasrulobis damtevi; Tanabrad moaqvs sisxli da
cremli, (anduyafaris daRrCoba mtkvarSi, cxenebis daRrCoba alazanSi,
nagazis daRupva sxv.) sixaruli da bedniereba (`biWi da ZaRli", `luka",
`wyaldidoba").

- 131 -
 sikvdilisa da sicocxlis aRorZineba-ganaxlebis motivi yvela miTis
ganuyreli specifikuri Tvisebaa. am ideis mxatvruli xorcSesxmiT mwera-
li migviTiTebs Tavisi gmirebis gansakuTrebul bunebaze.
moTxrobaSi `luka" anduyafari Tavs iRrCobs adidebul mtkvarSi. an-
duyafaris wyalSi daxrCoba aqac simbolur planSi moiazreba, radgan
wylis stiqiaSi Sesvla kvlav aRorZinebis sibrZnis Semcvelia. miTosis
mixedviT es aqti adamianis yofis maradisobis, misi sicocxlis zeobis
daucxromeli rwmena da himnia. es poeturi sibolo - wyalSi STanTqmisa
da xelaxla aRorZinebisa, dakavSirebulia mTvarisas da misi arqetipis
izidas maradiuli ganaxlebis ciklTan, rac TavisTavad gazafxulze
xdeba. swored, gazafxuls - qveynad bunebis gamoRviZebis periods, mara-
diuli ganaxlebisa da aRorZinebis miTs ukavSirdeba anduyafaris wylis
stiqiaSi gauCinarebac. igi kvlav dabrundeba, dabrundeba imitom rom
adamianebi mTvarisas arsebobaSi, Seuryvneli zraxvebisa da sikeTisTan
ziarebis maradiulobaSi daarwmunos.
moTxrobaSi `wyaldidoba" adidebuli mtkvris msxverpli xdeba stefa-
nes wisqvilic. mtkvarma, maradiulma mdinarem, waleka Zveli, warmavali
cxovrebis simbolo, aRgava pirisagan miwisa. masTan erTad sxva wisqvi-
lebic amTavreben TavianT arsebobas: `aseTi modidebuli mtkvari jer
aravis enaxa. kalapotSi aRar eteoda. modioda amRvreuli, Tixisferi,
Ronier talRebs zaTqiT moagorebda...mtkvarma kalapoti gadmolaxa,
ezoebSi SemoiWra, sardafebi wyliT gaavso. stefanes wisqvili ebrZoda
talRebs. wyalma bondi moarRvia da waiRo, axla wisqvils awveboda mTe-
li ZaliT, talRa talRaze exeTqeboda. banis moajiri gadaawvina da
isic gaitaca. saxuravze virTxebi abobRebuliyvnen da SeSinebuli daZ-
rwodnen. uceb gamayruebeli stvena gaisma... magram amjerad arc kaci
ixrCoboda, arc ZaRli... mdinares zemodan wisqvili mohqonda, visi iyo
ver gaarCevdi - wisqvilebi tyupebiviT hgavdnen erTmaneTs. rodesac wis-
qvili aivans gausworda, stefanem TavSi itaca xelebi da Tvalebi daxuWa.
gaisma gamayruebeli lawanis da msxvrevis xma, wisqvili wisqvils
daejaxa, Seelewa, SeeWylita da moangria. stefanem Tvali gaaxila, mis
wisqvils naxevari mxare moclili hqonda, meore naxevaric ayiravda, aiwi-
a, TiTqos wylidan amoxtomas lamobda da CainTqa". Mmtkvari, is mdinarea,

- 132 -
romelic saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi Tanaganmcdelad Tan sdevs qarTveli
kacis cxovrebas, arsebobis filosofiuri WvretisaTvis ganawyobs
pirovnebas. aseTi mtkvris saxe kargad daxata mweralma moTxrobaSi `Rame
yabaxze~:
`mtkvari misi bavSvobis mdinare iyo. bavSvobidanve esmoda es xmauri
da sul egona, am xmebiT mtkvari raRacis Tqmas apirebda, wvalobda,
itanjeboda da mainc ver agebinebda... mermec ase fiqrobda: talRebis
srbolaSi imaleboda raRac didmniSvnelovani, maradmWmunvari da
maradSeucnobeli. mdinaris moZravi da cocxali sxeuli, dauxSobeli xma
izidavda da eZaxda, aRelvebda, rogorc cxovreba an qali~.
wyaldidobis dros adidebul alazanSi ioTamis yofili cxensaSeni-
dan iRupeba cxenebis didi nawili (`TeTri cxeni"). remis mdinaris adi-
debul talRebSi Caxocvis sulisSemZvreli ambavi gaiazreba, rogorc
simbolo gayiduli, mZlavrobiT damcirebuli, TavisuflebawarTmeuli sa-
qarTvelosi. cxeni mudam iyo qarTveli kacis yofis istoriuli Tanam-
gzavri. igi qarTul cnobierebaSi asocirdeba moZraobasTan da
swrafvasTan.
a. sulakauris romanSi mTavari gmirs sulierad aforiaqebs xalxuri
zRaprebis bedaurTan gaigivebuli qarTuli, lurjforebiani TeTri
cxeni. misi funqciuri datvirTva nawarmoebSi sikeTis gamarjvebisaTvis
brZolaSi gamoixateba. a. sulakauris cxeni ubralo araa, is raSia,
bedauria. es cxeni folkloridan gadmovida literaturaSi, amdenad,
SemTxveviTi ara, rom ozos uCndeba TeTr cxenTan igiveobis grZnoba. mis
warmodgenaSi mniSvnelovan adgils ikavebs TeTri cxeni, rac kargad Cans
lamarasa da ozos dialogSi:
` _ kargi ramea xetiali... cota ki gadaveCvieT.
_ me ar gadavCveulvar, me moxetiale raindi var!
_ raindebi rom aRar arian?! samwuxarod gadaSendnen.
_ maSin, me var moxetiale raindis cxeni.
_ cxeni? _ gaicina lamaram.
_ xo, ra gagikvirda?!
_ iqneb rosonanti xar?

- 133 -
 _ ara, me var lurjforejebiani TeTri cxeni!_ wamomcda
daufiqreblad da gameRima” (`TeTri cxeni”).
marTebulad aRniSnaven, rom `romanSi TeTri cxenis simbolika
erovnuli suliskveTebisa da zRapruli warmosaxvis sferoa. mTavari
gmiris _ ozos miswrafeba _ iqces TeTri cxenad, gulisxmobs, rom igi im
pirovnebad iqceva, romelsac ZaluZs sakuTari Zalebis mobilizeba
yovelgvar borotebisa da usamarTlobis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad~ (jan-
tiSvili: kritika, 21).
romanSi aSkarad simboluri datvirTvis mqonea, agreTve, ananos mo-
naTxrobi wiTeli mamlis Sesaxeb. wiTeli mamali miTosur frinvelad iT-
vleba. is sknels, e. i. sicocxles ukavSirdeba. amasTan erTad igi sikvdi-
lis kultTanac aris asocirebuli. mamlis saganTiado yivili miTologi-
aSi maradiuli gaTenebis, kosmosis gaRviZebis mimaniSneblad unda yofi-
liyo miCneuli. a. sulakauris prozaSi wiTeli mamali mzisa da sikvdi-
lis moaxloebis macnea. mamlis simboluri saxis mxatvruli gaazreba
qarTul literaturasa da zepirsityvierebaSi axali ar aris. svaneTSi
dResac arsebobs tradicia, roca mamliTa da Cangis JRrialiT midian
micvalebulis sulis mSobel mxareSi dasabruneblad. ananos mistikur
winaswarmetyvelebas win wiTeli mamali miuZRvis, rac adasturebs, rom
amiT amqveyniuri cxovreba dasrulda:
`meore dRes marTla mosula saba. xmamaRla gaucinia da didi, wiTe-
li mamali Robeze gadmoufrenia... im mamals TviTonac Semohyolia.... ma-
mals kargad davakvirdi... momeCvena, rom mousvenrad wrialebda, raRacna-
ir SeSfoTebul xmebs gamoscemda, Tan Tvali sul cisken gaurboda. ana-
nom fanjara gamoaRo, mamals CvenTvis yuradReba ar mouqcevia, frTa
frTas Semohkra da sakmaod maRal sabZelze ise iolad, Zaldautaneblad
afrinda, gunebaSi kinaRam gamecina - es ra mfrinavi mamali gvyolia da
ar vicodi-meTqi. mamalma axla sabZlidan gadmoxeda samyaros. merme
`yeli moiRera", dasayivleblad waigrZela kiseri, magram yivilis nac-
vlad xrotinis msgavsi xma amouSva. uceb TvalnaTliv davinaxe, wiTelma
mamalma rogor icvala feri... sabZlis saxuravze wiTlis nacvlad yora-
niviT Savi mamali SemarTuliyo... mamalma kidev erTxel Semohkra frTa-
frTas da gafrinda". amrigad, wiTeli mamlis simbolikiT daiwyo da das-

- 134 -
rulda sabasa da ananos urTierToba, wiTeli mamali gaxda mizezi maTi
siyvarulisa da Tanacxovrebisa, xolo Savi mamali, maTi gayrisa da da-
Sorebisa. simboluria wiTeli mamlis Sav mamlad gadaqceva. am moments
mwerali aclis ararealurobis saburvels da aSkarad, naTlad gviCve-
nebs, msgavsi movlenebis realurad arsebobis SesaZleblobas. Savi mam-
lis yivili, zogadad, qvesknelisaken swrafvis momaswavebelia. iq igi
aRiqmeba maradiuli wyvdiadisaken swrafvad. wiTlisa da Savi mamlis
simboloebs ukaSirdeba ananos saqmros, sabas daRupva, xolo Semdeg ana-
nos sikvdilic. avtori personaJTa cxovrebis bednierebisa da ubedu-
rebis momentebs simbolurad ukavSirebs wiTlisa da Savi mamlis
simboloebs. ananosa da sabas urTierToba romanSi bolomde garkveuli
ar aris. aq saqme ufro `rTul siyvarulTan" gvaqvs, vidre Tvalis erTi
gadavlebiT SeimCneva. am ori gmirs aSkarad akavSirebs sulieri harmonia,
magram maTi siyvarulis ambavi ufro zRaprul-romantiuli elferiTaa Se-
mosili, radgan anano ufro zRapruli personaJia, gulTmisani qalia,
vidre Cveulebrivi adamiani. igi Zalian hgavs qarTuli xalxuri zRapris
gmirs ananos (`ananos zRapari"). anano zRaparSi vegetatiur-astraluri
qalRmerTia. anano baRCa-bostnis mfarvelia: `gvari aqvs kamis, prasis
sartyeli artyia", mas uamravi saswaulis Cadena SeuZlia. igi mudam
jobnis da devnis ufliswulis colebs, magram ufliswuli masze, ugva-
roze ara da ar qorwindeba. da ai, simarTlis gasagebad, Tavisi eWvis da-
sadastureblad, rom anano marTla RvTiuri arsebaa, ufliswuli gaiTama-
Sebs TviTmkvlelobas.
simboluria romanSi daxatul ananosa da zRapris personaJis ananos
ambavTa dasasrulic. zRaparSi ananosTan wiTel cxenze amxedrebuli
mxedari modis; romanSi ananos saflavTan mxedari daxvda ozos, romelic
verafriT Seicno, verc veravis miamsgavsa, igi mistikuri arsebasaviT gaC-
nda da gauCinarda ozos Tvalwin. cxeni, mTvare, mamali, mdinare, mtre-
debi, wyali, cxvari, es is simboloebi da alegoriebia, romlebsac avto-
ri xSirad moixmobs Tavisi dafaruli Tu mistiuri azris gadmosacemad.
`gza" da `gzajvaredinic" am simboloebs Soris moiazreba, radgan maT
a. sulakauris prozaSi aSkarad gansxvavebuli mxatvruli datvirTva ga-
aCniaT.

- 135 -
a. sulakauris prozaSi sagrZnobia is urTierTkavSiri, romelic mudam
aaxloebs zRapars realur cxovrebasTan. arCevanis filosofiuri logika
zRapris gmirsa da Cveulebriv mokvdavs xom TiTqmis erTnairi aqvT
(zogjer adamianis gzis arCevans bediswerac gansazRvravs). gzis simbolo
a. sulakauris prozaSi adamianis sakuTari Tavis povnisa da pirovnul
SesaZleblobaTa aRmoCenis saSualebaa. albaT, amitomac eZebs misi gmiri
yovelTvis axal gzebs. cxadia, pirovnuli `me" erTia, magram gza aTasnai-
ri. gza - arCevania! a. sulakaurma icis, rom yvelaferi, rac aris `gzaze"
da yvelaferi rac dakavSirebulia `gzasTan" SeiZleba iqces misi gmiris
sulieri aRmasvlis axal safexurad. gza sakuTari Tavis axali kuTxiT
danaxvis SesaZleblobasac Seicavs, imitomac, rom gza pirovnebis axali
gadawyvetilebis, misi saxecvlilebebis SesaZlo asparezia. a. sulakauris
mxatvrul prozaSi adamianTa sulieri daSoriSoreba, urTierTgaucxoveba
sivrcis simbolizaciiTac aris gadmocemuli. gmirsa da mis axlobel
adamianebs Soris darRveul sulier harmonias metaforulad gamosaxavs
fizikurad maTi damaSorebeli sivrce - xidi, gza. `guramma xidi gaiara
da kidev erTxel mixeda givis. givi aRarsad Canda, xalxsa da sibneleSi
gauCinarebuliyo"...an kidev: `mobarbace landi dainaxa, landi TandaTan
uaxlovdeboda. guramma skolis megobari icno. givi mTvrali brundeboda
Sin, fexebi ereoda, barbacebda, xidis moajirs awydeboda. gurams gver-
dze Cauara, wamiT SeCerda da iribad moixeda... da barbaciTve gaiara gza".
aseTive simboluri daniSnuleba aqvs xids, rogorc ori napiris Semaer-
Tebels da damakavSirebels ki ara, aramed, rogorc personaJTa or abso-
luturad gansxvavebuli zneobriv-eTikur samyaros daaxloebis saSua-
lebas. xidi aris simbolo adamianTa Soris daSoriSorebuli siyvaru-
lis, megobrobis, aRdgenisa. xidi aris is simbolo, romelic aerTianebs,
uxilavi gadasasvleliT akavSirebs an sapirispiro SemTxvevaSi aSorebs
erTmaneTs adamianebs.
sainteresod warmoCindeba a. sulakaurTan aqvariumi da aqvariumSive
gamomwyvdeuli oqros Tevzi, romelic aSkarad simboluri daniSnu-
lebisaa. aqvariumis Caketil sivrceSi, SemosazRvrul garemoSi arsebobis
gancdiT adamianis martosulobis problema wamoswia win avtorma. ro-
gorc oqros Tevzs surs hyavdes xmis gamcemi, aseve eZeben sulier me-

- 136 -
gobrebs misi personaJebi. xsna gaqcevaSia, im kedlebis damsxvrevaSia, ase
TavganwirviT rom askdeba oqros Tevzi. Tevzi qristes rCeulia, misi
siboloa, wminda arsebaa, mudam mdumare, ucodveli. oqros Tevzis
simboluri gaazrebisaTvis saWiroa Rrmad CavwvdeT mirianis da daTos
Sinagan samyaros, radgan am alegoriis gasaRebi, swored, am ori axalgaz-
rda kacis sulSia Camaluli. maTi arseboba, aqvariumSi moTavsebuli Tev-
zis msgavsad, viwro da SezRudulia, sivrce Caketilia, ar arsebobs per-
speqtiva, momavlis naTeli wertilic ki. xsna TiTqmis arsaiT Cans. obiva-
teluri, SezRuduli wrea Sekruli gmirebis garSemo, rac bunebrivia iw-
vevs melanqolias, gaorebasa, maT sulier depresias. aqvariumis Caketili
sivrce obivateluri garemos alegoriaa. mwerali ase gadmogvcems oqros
Tevzis gancdebs: `oqros Tevzi dilidanve SeSfoTebuli iyo, nerviulad
dasrialebda da kedlidan kedels awydeboda. SesaZloa dRes pirvelad
igrZno, rom aqvariumi, romelSic amdeni xania cxovrobs, Zalze pataraa,
rom am qilaSi Znelia amdeni xani cxovreba. aRarc axsovs rodis gamouc-
vales wyali. minis kedels xavsi moedo da gareT gaxedva Wirs... oqros
Tevzs guli uwuxda. aqvariumSi veRar eteoda, sunTqva uWirda. fskerisken
daeSva, merme farflebi Ronivrad daiqnia da isariviT aiWra zeviT.
wylis zedapirs rom miuaxlovda, kidev erTxel daiqnia farflebi da
wylidan amoxta. es wamiT amoxta mxolod, isev wyalSi CaeSva Tavdayira".
a. sulakauris Semoqmedebis simboluri azrovnebis dasaxasiaTeblad
mniSvnelovania moTxrobis `talRebis napirisaken miiswrafian" erTi pa-
saJi. momakvdavi jariskaci ocnebobs Rame ar mokvdes, rogorme ganTiadam-
de miaRwios cocxalma. mis gverdiT myofi zemdegisaTvis gaugebaria misi
am daJinebuli survilis azri. cnobili faqtia, Rame sulis moZraobis ga-
nuyreli oreulia, romelSic imaleba yofierebis gaucnobierebeli arsi.
amitomac adamianis cxovrebis yvelaze tragikuli wuTebi Rameul sibne-
leSi ganicdeba, rac yofierebis amouxsneli energiis xiluli gamovli-
nebaa. jariskacis, ananos (`TeTri cxeni"), mTvarisas cnobierebaSi (`luka")
Rame ara mxolod mwuxarebis gamomxatvelia, is tragikuli movlenebis as-
parezicaa, romelic bnel zraxvebs malavs. sxeuli irRveva da dgeba gar-
dasaxvis misteriuli Jami, dabruneba mSobliur wiaRSi, masSi xelaxla
gasaRviZeblad.

- 137 -
 a. sulakauris gmirs ubralo moqmedeba Tu saganic ki aucileblad
aRuZravs nacnobTan asociacias, umZafrebs warmosaxvis unars. magaliTad,
daxveul kibeze Camomaval daTos gonebaSi karuseliviT datrialdeba
nacnobi saxeebi, mTeli cxovreba:
`daTo mdumared Camodioda xraxnili kibiT. ezo nel-nela daiZra da
datrialda. datrialda karuseliviT. sul axlos Caiqroles nacnobma
saxeebma. karuseli trialebs da trialebs... trialeben adamianebi.....
mowyenili da sevdiani cbieri da damcinavi saxeebiT... wyvil-wyvilad
trialeben: batoni aleqsandre da qalbatoni katuSa, batoni varlami da
misi Zvirfasi meuRle... marto egeni ki ara, yvelani, yvela mezobeli.....
dahqrian. dahqrian, dahqrian.. deda da platonic gaielveben.... mirianic da...
mananac. Teonac da is gapuwkuli, darcxvenili biWic.....
xraxnili kibe CaaTava daTom da marjvniv gauxvia. quCaSi gavida~
(`oqros Tevzi~).
saxe _ simboloebiT azrovneba a. sulakauris SemoqmedebaSi
warmoaCens realur cxovrebaSi arsebul iseT kanonzomierebebs,
moqmedebaTa ganviTarebis iseT motivacias, romlebic yoveldRiuri
adamianuri urTierTobebis zedapirze ar Canan, magram maTi idumaleba
xSirad Segvaxsenebs xolme Tavs.

- 138 -
 daskvnebi

a. sulakauri XX saukunis qarTuli mwerlobis erT-erTi TvalsaCino

warmomadgenelia. winamdebare naSromis mizani iyo a. sulakauris litera-
turuli memkvidreobis calkeuli problemebisa da im mxatvruli Tavi-
seburebebis warmoCena, riTac am SesaniSnavma mweralma Tavisi originalu-
ri adgili daimkvidra meoce saukunis qarTuli literaturis istoriaSi.
sadisertacio naSromSi xazgasmulia, rom mwerali Tavisi epoqis
zneobrivi faseulobebis mtkivneuli gadafasebis process moTxrobebisa
da romanebis mTavar Temad aqcevs. gviCvenebs ra mis TanamedroveTa fsiqo-
logiur portretebs, igi cdilobs Cawvdes cxovrebaSi mimdinare cvli-
lebaTa arss, movlenaTa tragikuli gaviTarebis gamomwvev mizezebs. aseT-
ma damokidebulebam mwerlisagan moiTxova personaJTa gansaxovnebis
axali mxatvruli xerxebis Zieba.
XX saukunis 60-iani wlebis qarTuli literaturulis Taobis mier
mxatvruli siaxleebis damkvidrebisaken miswrafeba, erTgvarad
ganapiroba msoflio literaturaSi mimdinare procesebmac; amerikulsa
da evropul literaturas Tu gadavavlebT Tvals, aq gacilebiT adre
Caisaxa fsiqologizmi da cnobierebis nakadi, ramac Tavisi gamoxatuleba

- 139 -
hpova Jan-pol sartris, alber kamius, ernest hemingueis, erskin
kolduelis, uiliam saroanis, jerom selinjerisa da sxvaTa
SemoqmedebaSi. adamianis martoobis Temam erT-erTi ZiriTadi adgili
daikava XX s. evropul da amerikul mwerlobaSi.
`dakarguli Taoba~ uwodes im omgadaxdil adamianebs, romelTac
sakuTar Tavze gadaitanes omis mTeli saSineleba. Ddidma amerikelma
mweralma e. hemingueim asaxvis Temad aqcia konfliqti omis qaossa da
adamians Soris, daxata Sinaganad gaorebuli, magram Zlieri xasiaTis
mqone gmirebi. e. hemingueis ostatobam didi gavlena iqonia msoflio
literaturis Semdgom ganviTarebaze. Uufro metic, rogorc aRniSnaven:
`hemingueis qarTulad gamoCenam faqtobrivad Secvala maSindeli
axalgazrduli proza. Ddidi zegavlena moaxdina Targmnilma
literaturam zogadad qarTul poeziasa da prozaze~ (g.alxaziSvili); j.
Rvinjilias azriT ki, qarTvelma sazogadoebriobam da, kerZod, litera-
turam dagvianebiT igrZno msoflioSi mimdinare, organulad gancdili
sulieri Zvrebi, amitomac igi Tvlida, rom siaxleebisaken swrafva samo-
cianelTa SemoqmedebaSi mxolod qarTuli sulis moTxovnilebis dadas-
tureba iyo da sxva araferi. erT-erTi mniSvnelovani Tema, romelic
qarTvel 60-ianelebs anaTesavebs imdroindel dasavlur literaturasTan
aris martosuli, gaucxoebuli adamianis problema. sazogadoeba da
pirovneba TiTqos srul harmoniaSia erTmaneTTan, magram es mxolod
iluziaa, sinamdvileSi personaJebi daRlilebi da martosulebi arian.
sad unda ipovos XX saukunis boboqari cxovrebis mouwesrigebeli
garemoTi, urbanizmiT daRlilma adamianma sulis simSvide? – am kiTxvaze
pasuxi gaucemeli darCa evropuli literaturis iseT cnobil
warmomadgenlebs rogorebic iyvnen alber kamiu (kamiu, 1990) da Jan-pol
sartri (sartri, 2006). Mamave dros, calke unda aRiniSnos, rom XX
saukunis msofliosa da gansakuTrebiT amerikul literaturaSi wamyvani
adgili daikava mozardis, axalgazrda Taobis safiqralisa da tkivilis
asaxvam. yuradRebis sagani gaxda ymawvilis samyaros Cveneba, romelic
cxovrebas xedavs Seuryvneli, faqizi TvaliTa da grZnobiT. 60-iani
wlebis qarTul mwerlobaSi es tendenciac aisaxa. axalgazrda mwerlebma
da maT Soris arCil sulakaurma dagvixates bavSvis, mozardi Taobis

- 140 -
sulieri samyaro, aRbeWdili cxovrebiseuli tragikuli peripetiebiT da
movlenebiT, gagvacnes maTi TvaliT danaxuli omi, borotebisa da sikeTis
Widili.
ase exmianeboda saerTo-sakacobrio problemebs, mxatvruli
literaturis saSualebiT, qarTveli adamianis tkiviliani safiqrali da
interesebi. adamianis, pirovnebis Rrma wvdoma, TanamedroveTa moraluri
saxis piruTvneli Cveneba, axali Temebis damkvidreba da originaluri
gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis Zieba - ai, ra daisaxa miznad Tavis
nawarmoebebSi qarTuli mwerlobis axalma Taobam, romelsac 60-ianelebs
vuwodebT da romlis Rirseuli warmomadgeneli arCil sulakauri iyo.
a. sulakauris Taobis siaxleebisaken swrafva, ukompromiso Semoqme-
debiTi principebis, erovnul-moqalaqeobrivi poziciebis, degradirebuli
zneobriobis aRdgenis cdaSi gamoixata. literatura TandaTan ubrun-
deboda qarTuli mwerlobis tardiciebs. amitomac ganzogadda 60-ian
wlebSi Seqmnili literatura saerTo SinaarsiT, rogorc `mxilebisa da
mitevebis" xana. siaxliT aRbeWdil moTxrobebsa da romanebSi aSkarad
igrZnoba publicisturi stilic.
naSromSi naCvenebia, rom arCil sulakauris prozis erT-erTi mniSvne-
lovani mxatvruli Taviseburebaa sizmriTa da winaTgrZnobiT
ganpirobebuli movlenebis Sesaxeb Txroba, sadac personaJTa xasiaTebi
upiratesad maT mier warmosaxuli fantaziiT warmoCindeba. mwerali saT-
qmels xSirad ise gvawvdis, rom mis `amosacnobad" da gasagebad dafaru-
li qveteqstis erTgvari `gaSifvra" gvWirdeba. am kuTxiT sainteresoa a.
sulakauris SemoqmedebaSi sinamdvilisa da warmosaxulis mimarTebis
sazRvrebis dadgena, maTi urTierTkavSiris mxatvruli logika. Aam
TvalsazrisiT ganxilulia misi moTxrobebi da romanebi - `oqros Tevzi",
`TeTri cxeni", `luka", `abelis dabruneba", `gabo", `biWi da ZaRli",
`xidi~, `wyaldidoba~, `pawawina nigvzis toti~, `zeviT da qveviT~,
`didTovloba~ da a.S.
mwerlis mier personaJis sizmari, Sinagani xilva dapirispirebulia
realobasTan, im cxovrebiseul samyarosTan, romelSic daZabuli,
konfliqturi adamianuri urTierTobebi da mouwesrigebeli socialuri
yofa arsebobs. berikaci - Zveli memanqane gabo svaneTis ubanSi martod-

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marto cxovrobs. misi erTaderTi imedi patara SviliSvili gugutaa, ro-
melic susti ZafiviT akavSirebs am samyarosTan moxucis sicocxles.
gabos sixaruli da bedniereba warsulSi CarCenila, amitomac mxolod
sizmriseul CvenebebSia berikaci Tavisufali. aseve, lukas sizmari
erTgvarad winaswarmetyvelebs imaze, rom biWis momavali sasikeTod
warimarTeba, magram isic miniSnebulia, rom am sikeTemde misaRwevad
msxverplad Sewirvis, tarigis gza iqneba gasavleli. mwerali asaxavs
oboli biWis gancdebsa da Rrma dramatizmiT aRsavse bavSvobis wlebs.
biWis mSfoTvare suli TavSesafars mxolod irealur samyaroSi pou-
lobs. igi xSirad Tavs sizmriseul zmanebebsa da warmosaxul samyaros
afarebs, sadac misi pirovneba Tavisufali da amayia,
a. sulakauris prozaSi yvela sizmari TiTqmis dasrulebuli, calke
ambavia, romelic simboloebiTaa datvirTuli. sizmarSi nanaxi sagnebi,
gancdili ambebi meordeba personaJis cxovrebaSic, amitom igi momavlis
winaswarmetyvelebacaa; magram zogjer pirovnebas ar esmis xilvis iduma-
li ena, ver igebs gangebis saidumlo niSnebiT metyvelebas, sizmris saxiT
nawinaswarmetyvelebi momavlis Sesacnobad misi gonebis kari daxSulia,
igi realobis tyvea. a. sulakaurTan sizmari aris SemaerTebuli samsWva-
li warsulisa da momavals Soris. samyaros saidumloebaTa ufro naT-
lad warmosaCenad dResac araerTi mwerali mimarTavs miRebuli
adamianuri qcevis normebidan gadaxris mqone personaJTa Semoyvanas
nawarmoebSi. Gg. lomaZis moTxrobis `TabaSiris kaci~ mTavari gmiric
`sazRvarze mdgari adamiania~, visTvis giJia, zogisTvis ki - savsebiT
wynari da keTili meocnebe. Jan-pol sartri ki novelaSi `oTaxi~
gviCvenebs, rom giJebis samyaro arafriT gansxvavdeba normaluri
adamianis samyarosagan. misi gmirebi Caketilebi arian TavianT
warmosaxul sivrceSi, sadac sruli harmonia arsebobs irealur da
realur yofierebas Soris.
zemoT CamoTvili nawarmoebebis gmirebi, ar aris arsebiTi romeli
qveynis Svilebi arian, an romel epoqaSi cxovroben; isini Zalian hgvanan
erTmaneTs, TavianTi miamituri, meocnebe da daukmayofilebeli
grZnobebiTa da vnebebiT. cnobilia, rom mistikosebi TviTCaRrmavebis, sa-
kuTar sulSi CaZirvis saSualebiT cdilobdnen da cdiloben im siRrme-

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Ta wvdomas, rac ubralo mokvdavTaTvis miuwvdomelia. mxatvruli lite-
raturac am siRrmeebis, idumali samyarosaken mimavali uxilavi gzebis
maradiuli maZiebelia. a. sulakauri Tavisi moTxrobis gmirad SemTxveviT
ar irCevs giJs, igi xom umTavresad Cveulebrivi yofiT ar cxovrobs.
giJis sulis kari gaxsnilia iracionaluri xilvebisaTvis. SeSlilobis
stadiaze adamiani TiTqos aRidgens im saxes, romelic hqonda ucodve-
lobis Jams, sanam borotisa da keTilis xis nayofs igemebda. paralelebs,
roca vavlebT fsiqologTa zemoTmotanil dakvirvebebsa da a. sulakau-
ris SemoqmedebaSi asaxul personaJTa qcevebs Soris, saintereso
daskvnebis gakeTeba SeiZleba. Aam kuTxiT mniSvnelovania moTxroba
`abelis dabruneba" da masSi naCvenebi `fsiqologiuri panorama". abeli
TviTonve elis sakuTari Tavis dabrunebas gadasaxlebidan. arsebobs gao-
rebis amgvari gancdac, fizikuri mdgomareobisa da sulieri ganwyobis
ukiduresi dapirispireba, roca kaci TviTonve xedavs sadRac, Sors dar-
Cenil Tavis Tavs da morCilad elodeba mis dabrunebas. abelma kargad
icis, ras warmoadgens drois pirobiToba, isic icis, TviTon ramdenadme
miaRwia zedroulis gagebas. gancdebSi myof personaJs uCndeba warmo-
saxva, romelic sustad emorCileba azrovnebis kritikul kontrols.
aseTive rigisaa ananos warmosaxvac. ananos gulTmisan qalad icnobdnen
sofelSi. igi cxadad xedavda momavals, yoveli misi winaswarmetyveleba
sityva-sityviT auxda ozos.
a. sulakaurs Tavis moTxrobebsa da romanebSi Semohyavs iseTi perso-
naJebic, romlebsac TavianTi konkretuli mxatvruli mizandasaxuleba ga-
aCniaT – TavianTi idumalebiT da gamorCeulobiT xazi gausvan
qvecnobieri yofis arsebobas, sxvaTa mzera da grZnoba mimarTon
arsebuli realobis iqiT gadasaxedad. aseTi saxeebia - jorjaZe, bogdana,
giJi mTvarisa, saba da anano. adamians aqvs iseTi SegrZneba, rom igi nawi-
lebad iSleba da garesamyaros uerTdeba. personaJis sxeulis nawilebad
daSla miTosur planSi warmoadgens aRdgoma-ganaxlebis process da ada-
mianis ukvdavebis, maradisobis, sicocxlis zeobis daucxromel rwmenas
da miswrafebas gamoxatavs.
naSromSi, agreTve, garkveulia, rom a. sulakauris prozaSi tradiciu-
li `fsiqologiuri motivireba" Sevsebulia aracnobieriT - e. i. `cnobie-

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rebis fsiqologizms" xSirad enacvleba aracnobieriT ganpirobebuli
fsiqologizmi, rasac mwerali asuraTxatebs simboloebiT da alego-
riebiT. aq is viTarebaa, roca xiluli da uxilavi samyaro erTmaneTSi
gadadis, avsebs erTmaneTs. swored es iyo is siaxle, romelic 60-iani
wlebis qarTul literatuaSi Semoitana a. sulakaurma, romelsac
`sabWoTa evropeizmi~ uwodes (g. margvelaSvili).
a. sulakauris personaJebis moqmedebis areali, samyaro, romelSic
isini cxovroben, mwerlis mier moazrebulia erTgvar gamoqvabulad, Cake-
til wred, aqvariumis kedlebiT SemosazRvrul sivrced. yuradRebaa ga-
maxvilebuli imazec, rom a. sulakauris prozaSi asaxuli cxovrebis Suq-
Crdilebi aSkarad migvaniSnebs adamianis erTgvar dapirispirebaze, ga-
ucxoebaze arsebuli yofis mimarT. amis safuZveli ki a. sulakauris
urbanistul msoflgancdaSia mosaZiebeli. aqvariumis Tema laitmotivad
gasdevs a. sulakauris mTel Semoqmedebas, rogorc prozas, ise poezias.
mwerlis warmodgenaSi, misi Tanamedrove adamianebis cxovrebis daxSuli
garemo qmnida aqvariumis SegrZnebas, SemosazRvruli da Caketili siv-
rcis gancdas. aseTi ganwyobilebaa asaxuli a. sulakauris prozaul na-
warmoebebSi: `didTovloba", `gabo", `zeviT da qveviT", `Jami dasvenebisa",
`oqros Tevzi" da a.S.
aqvariumi - rogorc obivateluri yofis metafora - sakmaod rTul
fsiqologiuri da socialuri Sinaarsis datvirTvas gulisxmobs. aq,
personaJebisaTvis mSvidi, `mSobliuri", erTferovani garemoa, amitomac
qveSecneulad am stiqiisaken miiltvis, mxolod am garemoSi grZnobs
urbanizmiT daRlili gmiri Tavs kargad, aq SeuZlia `fiqrebiT gvema",
warsulisaTvis Tvalis gadavleba; misTvis mTavaria oTaxis siTbo,
dagmanuli fanjara, wignebi, SeCveuli garemo. mas aSinebs cxovrebis qa-
riSxali, moZraoba, Zalisxmeva dabrkolebaTa gadalaxvisaTvis da miT
gamowveuli sulieri Zvrebi. komfortisaken (aqvariumisken) ltolvam da-
uClunga gulisyuri, daTrguna masSi maRalzneobrivi Rirsebebi: vaJkac-
robis survili, gamarjvebisaken swrafva. TandaTanobiT ikveTeba
mTxrobelis ironia, romlis konteqsts qmnis is modunebuli yofiTi ga-
remo, sadac gmiri SeyuJula da daTovlil quCas gascqeris.

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 Asulakaurma dagvixata personaJebi, romlebic aSkarad `zedmeti ada-
mianiebi" arian. maT ver ipoves Tavisi adgili verc xelovnebaSi, verc sa-
zogadoebaSi, verc siyvarulSi. `zedmeti adamiani" gulCaTxrobili, meoc-
nebe da martosulia, amitomac konfliqti pirovnebasa da sazogadoebas
Soris gardauvalia. mas ver ugeben, misi ar esmiT; sazogadoebasa
pirovnebas Soris harmoniaa darRveuli. adamianis martosulobaze xSirad
saubrobs mwerali da misi personaJebic martodmarto miuyvebian yofie-
rebis gasavlel gzas. martoobis mZafri SegrZneba erTi mxriv iwvevs su-
lier depresias, meore mxriv iseT TviTkmayofil ganwyobas, roca mas eC-
veneba, rom ufro maRla dgas, vidre xalxi, `sxvebi", mas veravin ugebs.
Cndeba ufskruli pirovnebasa da sazogadoebas Soris. daTo naTiSvilic
Tavs oqros TevziviT mousvenrad grZnobs, mere ki dainaxavs da darwmun-
deba, rom misi mSoblebi, mezoblebi, irgvliv myofTa didi umravlesoba
mxolod moCvenebiTi keTildReobisaTvis zrunaven. aq ganmsazRvrelia Se-
goneba: `sxvam ar unda icodes, ra xdeba Sens ojaxSi". mTavaria niRbis
kargad morgeba, romlis safarqveS Turme yvelafris Cadena SeiZleba. mi-
si ojaxic garegnuli simSvidiTa da wesierebiT SeniRbuli, aSmorebuli
gube yofila, suls rom uxuTavs adamians. esaa ojaxi, romelmac ar icis
ra aris patiosneba, sindisi, adamianuri siamayis grZnoba, sikeTe, siyvaru-
li da mainc, yovelive amis qomagad ki moaqvs Tavi.
mouwesrigebeli sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebidan gamomdinare
yofnis SegrZnebis simZafre, sulieri samyaros rRveva, agresia
erTmaneTis mimarT - yvela es uaryofiTi emocia personaJTaTvis im socia-
luri garemodan (sabWoTa sinamdvilidan) modis, romelSic pirovneba
Tavs Tavisuflad ver grZnobs. mwerali migvaniSnebs, rom qveyana, sadac
ugulvebelyofilia adamianTa TvTgamoxatvis ufleba, SezRudulia maTi
miswrafebebi da sazogadoebis yvela wevri iZulebulia niRabi ataros,
ar SeiZleba iqces Tavisufali azrovnebisa da damoukidebeli Taobis aR-
mzrdel qveyanad.
meSCanuri da obivateluri ganwyoba adamianis cnobierebaSi mravali
saxiT mogvevlina, amitomac am Temam XX saukunis 60-70-iani wlebis
qarTul literaturaSi mTavari adgili daiWira.

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 gaCerebuli drois SegrZneba, `uZravi moqmedeba" da cxovrebis uaz-
roba, SuSis WurWlidan danaxuli samyaros gancda, arasrulyofilebis
kompleqsi, udroobis SegrZneba da uimedoba - ai, ra Tvisebebis er-
TobliobiT warmoaCina aqvariumis Tema a. sulakaurma; da rom es asea,
amis damadasturebelia mwerlis mier aqvariumis ganzogadebuli warmod-
gena: `Tbili, msubuqi bindi efineboda qalaqs. gegoneboda uzarmazar mi-
nis WurWeli gamWvirvale, iisferi siTxiT ivseboda, bindSi sagnebi TiT-
qos TandaTan pataravdebodnen, ikumSebodnen". qalaqi, sadac baramiZeebi
da maTi msgavsi ojaxebi cxovroben, a. sulakauris mxatvrul azrovnebaSi
aqvariumis formas Rebulobs. misi mcxovreblebic arafris keTebiT arian
dakavebulni. dro aqac gaCerebulia da sivrceCaketili. aqaurebic Tev-
zebiviT arian moqceulni qalaquri yofis garemoSi. maTi cxovrebac uaz-
ro facifucSi gadis, TiTqos raRacas akeTeben, magram sabolood dros
mxolod urTierTTvalTvalSi, erTmaneTze WoraobaSi klaven. TiTqos am
adamianebs erTmaneTi arc uyvarT, isini gaucxovebulan, erTmaneTis
mtrebad qceulan. mwerals ainteresebs ara, erTi adamianis Sinagani
samyaros Cveneba, aramed pirovnebebis urTierTobaTa faruli arsi, misi
Tanamedrove cxovrebiseuli simarTlis wvdoma.
zemoTnaxsenebi gancda, romelic bediswerasaviT Tan sdevT a.
sulakauris gmirebs, msoflio gancdad aRiqmeba da,Bbunebrivia, ver
amoiwureba erTi mwerlis SemoqmedebiT an erTi epoqis sazrunaviT. igi
saerTo sakacobrio satkivridan iRebs saTaves da erTnairad msWvalavs
sxvadasxva qveynebSi mcxovreb adamianTa yofas, mizanswrafvas, ocnebebsa
da sulier aRmafrenas. Tanamedroveobis didi mwerlisa da fsiqologis
paulo koelios romanSi `veronikam sikvdili gadawyvita~ mwerali, a.
sulakauris SemoqmedebisaTvis egzom damaxasiaTebeli ganwyobilebiT,
aRwers aqvariumis sulisSemxuTvel garemos gavlenas Tanamedrove
adamianis fsiqikaze. aqvariumis garemos momnusxvel, `komfortul~
Sinaganawesis savalalo Sedegebze Ggvesaubreba avtori, roca viletis
(fsiqiatriuli saavadmyofo) yofili binadari, gamojanmrTelebuli
pacienti, ukve sxva TvaliT afasebs misi wris adamianebis cxovrebas.
eseni arian qalaqis komfortsa da wesrigs miCveuli misi Tanamedroveni,
romlebic cdiloben `avzSi~ Cagubebuli wyaliviT icxovron da arasodes

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gascdnen maTTvis kedlebiT Semofarglul napirebs; nawarmoebSi
vkiTxulobT:
`gamojanmrTelebuli isev avzSi davbrundi da Tqven gagicaniT... Cven
aqvariumSi moTavsebuli TevzebiviT gverdigverd vcxovrobdiT da
bednierebi viyaviT, rom daniSnul dros viRac sakvebs gviyrida da Tuki
movisurvebdiT, isic SegveZli minis kedlebs gavqceodiT da
samyarosaTvis Segvexeda... aravis surs icodes ra xdeba aqvariumis
kedlebs iqiT. Ddidi xnis ganmavlobaSi es mamSvidebda da keTil
gavlenas axdenda Cemze, magram yvela vicvlebiT da mec Tavgadasavlebis
saZieblad mominda wasvla, Tumca ukve 65 wlis var da vici, ramden
winaaRmdegobas Semiqmnis Cemi asaki. me bosniaSi mivemgzavrebi. iq
adamianebi melian, romelTac jer araferi ician Cem Sesaxeb da arc me
vicnob maT. mxolod is vici, rom me maT vWirdebi da isic mwams, rom
erTi Tavganwirva sjobs keTildReobasa da komfortis aTasobiT dRes~
(koelio 2005: 188).
paulo koelios gmiris msgavsad arCil sulakauris ozoc xsnas
gaqcevaSi xedavs: `maSin, roca iqauroba mivatove da gaviqeci, ar vicodi,
ras gavurbodi, magram axla Tu gaviqeci, ukve mecodineba, Cans ga-
vurbivar, veRar vuZleb dagubebul dumils, romelmac ananosTan erTad
mZime garsSi momaqcia da am garss Tavi rom davaRwio, imedic ara maqvs", -
ambobs ozo (`TeTri cxeni"). `mkvdruli mdgomareoba" - ase Seafasa a. su-
lakaurma is samyaro, romelSic mis personaJebs uwevT arseboba da moq-
medeba. misi gmirebi cdiloben Secvalon awmyo, magram cxovreba gaCe-
rebulia, sivrce SemosazRvruli, statikuria iseve, rogorc wyali aqva-
riumSi. oqros Tevzis sityvebiT: `me ukvdavi var, Cemi suli adamianebSi
icocxlebs" – a. sulakaurma xazi gausva aqvariumis Temis maradiulobas,
SesaZleblobas, rom momavalSi ara erTxel daubrundebian da axleburad
gaiazreben aseTi yofis uazrobas. oqros Tevzisa da aqvariumis Temas
exeba niWieri axalgazrda mwerlis xaTuna TavdgiriZis moTxroba `don
manueli da oqros Tevzi~ (TavdgiriZe, `Cveni mwerloba~, 2009). mis
personaJs, ocnebebis Sesrulebis dapireba Zvirad daujda - igi oqros
Tevzma moatyua, aqvariumSi adgili Seucvala, minis WurWels ki
gamowyvdeulma Tavi ver daaRwia da masSi gardaicvala. a. sulakauris da

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p. koelios mier aqvariumis yofis gaazreba, am moTxrobaSi axali
kuTxiTaa danaxuli. aq saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebis alegorias
enacvleba e. w. `Tevzis depresia~, 21-e saukunis uzrunvelyofili
yofisagan gazarmacebuli adamianis cxovrebis tragedia.
adamianebi garbian, emalebian problemebs, eZeben xsnas. Aa. sulakauri
ar mihyveba am gmirebs, ar gviCvenebs momavlis perspeqtivas. rac Seexeba
oqros Tevzs, mas aqvariumidan gaTavisufleba sicocxlis fasad ujdeba.
udavoa, rom statikuri dro da aqvariumis uZravi stiqia aris a. sul-
kauris Tanamedrove cxovrebis anarekli, aqvariumi ki totalitaruli
saxelmwifos damTrgunveli garemos simboluri gamoxatulebaa.
a. sulakauris SemoqmedebaSi omis Temas wamyvani adgili uWiravs.
TiTqmis yvela mis prozaul nawarmoebSi pirdapir Tu arapirdapir
gamJRavnebuli da asaxulia iseTi STabeWdilebebi, omisagan
adamianebisaTvis miyenebuli tkivilebiT da mZime sulieri gancdebiT
rom aris nasazrdoebi. naSromSi naCvenebia, rom moTxrobaSi `talRebi
napirisken miiswrafian" mwerali Seecada originalurad gaeazrebina kon-
kretuli adamianis bedisa da omis mkacri realobis urTierTobis
problema.
omis Tema Tavad karnaxobda mwerlebs Txrobis eqspesiul stils,
Tumca am Temaze werisas mravali mwerali ver acda garkveul Stamps,
ideologiuri zewoliT ganpirobebul yalbi heroikiT azrovnebas. swo-
red, amas auara gverdi a. sulakaurma da gabeduli novatoruli mignebiT
Seqmna sruliad axali saxe pirovnebisa da meomrisa. moTxrobaSi
`talRebi napirisaken miiswrafian~ gmiris sikvdili mkiTxvelSi ar badebs
sasowarkveTilebis SegrZnebas, mwerali ar gvaZrwunebs naturalisturi
aRweris mkacri simarTliT, aramed aRZravs amaRlebulis, siamayis, sik-
vdilis damarcxebis gancdas. jariskacs mTeli arsebiT aqvs Segnebuli,
rom qveynad yvelaferi warmavalia, sikvdili gardauvalia. aq, am
SemTxvevaSi, mTavaria ara `ra", aramed `rogor" - jariskacma icis, rom
mokvdeba da mxolod is afiqrebs, Tu rogor moxdeba es. mas SeiZleba iT-
qvas `daumarcxeblad sikvdili" unda.
a. sulakauris am moTxrobaSi analitikuri msjelobiTaa mowodebuli
sxvisi, mtris sicocxlis xelyofis motivi. jariskacis fiqri, romelSic

- 148 -
mtrisadmi damokidebulebaa gamJRavnebuli, imdroindel qarTul
literaturaSi arsebuli Tematikis axleburi gaazrebis mcdelobaa: `mar-
Tlac ra ginda am kacisagan? - gauelva jariskacs fiqrma. rogor SeiZ-
leba mokla kaci, romelic SensaviT ar fiqrobs, SensaviT ar azrovnebs,
romelsac sxvanairad esmis cxovreba? mere ra rom Sen iaraRi gaqvs xel-
Si, Zala gvaqvs da is Senze sustia... Tu Sen marTali xar, daarwmune,
daajere, rom marTali xar. simarTles advilad grZnoben, xvdebian, mas
ar unda iaraRi... arc maTraxi...~
momakvdavis arsebaSi erTmaneTs ebrZvis siZulvili da siyvaruli.
mtris ganadgurebis survili, SurisZieba, icvleba monaniebis grZnobiT
da, garkveuli situaciis gamo, mtris siyvarulis gancdiT. ra Tqma unda,
arCil sulakauris jariskacs amoZravebs qristianuli morali da mimte-
veblobis didi niWi. omi aiZulebs adamianebs kaciskvlasa da sisxlis
Rvras, amitomac danaSaulis grZnoba mTeli cxovreba ar tovebs
moazrovne pirovnebas da uSfoTebs sicocxles. Aasea es g. fanjikiZis
moTxrobaSi `reqviemi~ (fanjikiZe 2003). mTavri gmiri Tornike
Secbunebuli dascqeris mkerdze mibneul ordenebs da SviliSvilis
SekiTxvaze - `babu, ramdeni kaci gyavs mokluli?~ - pasuxs ver cems.
a. sulakauris am moTxrobaSi `mtredebi" xazgasmulad igrZnoba mwer-
lis is saocari lirizmi, romelic mas, rogorc poets, swored, poezii-
dan gadmohyva prozaSi. moTxrobaSi e. w. `zurgis" cxovrebaa ga-
cocxlebuli. omisdroindeli Tbilisis yofiT fonze momxdari ambis
TxrobiT mwerali gvaziarebs adamianuri ubraloebis, TanagrZnobis sike-
Tisa da sulieri sisufTavis momxiblav silamazes.
lukac TbilisSi, mtkvris napirze gazrdili biWia. omma Secvala
cxovrebis ritmi da adamianebis guneba-ganwyobileba. ubanma Zveli
sixalise da lazaTi dakarga. is biWebi, romelTa xumroba da Rrianceli
mTeli mtkvris sanapiros iklebda, omSi gaiwvies, quCebi dacarielda, gai-
rinda da irgvliv moulodnelobis gaurkveveli molodiniT gaiJRinTa
haeri. `omi daiwyo" - es fraza elvasavTi gamokrTeba moTxrobis idiliur
eqspoziciaSi da Cven vxedavT, Tu TandaTan rogor icvleba adamianTa su-
lieri yofa. omis ulmobelobaze luka pirvelad maSin dafiqrda, roca
qarTulis maswavlebelma kategoriulad mosTxova, dedaSeni gamocxaddes

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skolaSio. dedamisi ki omis dawyebamde xuTi dRiT adre gaemgzavra ukra-
inaSi meuRlis sanaxavad da ugzo-ukvlod daikarga.
naSromSi xazi aqvs gasmuli imas, rom a. sulakaurma omis im qar-
cecxlian dReebSic dainaxa cxovrebiseuli lirizmi, aRmoaCina mSvenie-
reba adamianuri urTierTobebisa, romelic yvelaze mZime wuTebSic ki
ganuyrelad Tan sdevs mis mier daxatul personaJTa yoveldRiur yofas.
a. sulakauri moRvaweobda e. w. `sabWoTa periodSi~, amitom man gar-
kveuli xarki mouxada gabatonebul ideologias, Tumca Tavis nawar-
moebebiT cdilobda win aRdgomoda mis Tanamedrove sulisSemxuTvel at-
mosferos. unda iTqvas, rom mweralma gabeda Sexeboda maSin oficiozis
mier tabudadebul warsulis Temas da mamxilebeli paTosiT
gamsWvaluli Txzulebebi gamoaqveyna. Aa. sulakauris prozaul qmni-
lebebSi laparakia im Ria Wrilobebze, romlebic jer bolSevikurma in-
tervenciam da Semdeg sabWoTa xelisuflebis mier `Secdomebad monaT-
lulma" saxelisuflebo politikam dautova qarTvel xalxs, mis
inteligencias. mwerali mogviTxrobs im adamianebi warsulze, romlebmac
Tavs Tavze gamoscades bolSevikuri represiebis wlebis damTrgunveli
simZime. naSromSi specialuri msjlobis sagnadaa qceuli mwerlis
moTxrobebsa da romanebSi warmoCenili koleqtivizaciis savalalo Sede-
gebi (`TeTri cxeni"); represirebul udanaSaulo adamianTa cxovrebis pe-
ripetiebi (`abelis dabruneba"); samamulo omis Semdeg ukanonod dapatim-
rebul da gadasaxlebul yofil jariskacTa dramatizmiT aRsavse awmyo
(`oqros Tevzi") da a. S. a. sulkauris gmirebs totalitarul saxelmwifo-
Si arCevanis ufleba ara aqvT, amitomac isini daTrgunulebi da gao-
rebulebi arian.
a. sulakauris moTxrobis `abelis dabruneba" mTavari personaJi
abeli Tvrameti wlis gadasaxlebis Semdeg brundeba mSobliur qalaqSi.
mas dauClunges Tavdacvis instinqti, igi rogorc pirovneba ganadgu-
rebulia: `Sen kaci aRara xar - Caesmis idumali xma - Sen araferi aRara
xar~. Tvrameti weli golgoTis gziT atara abeli cxovrebam, magram erT
dRes uTxres, rom udanaSaulo iyo. Tavzari daeca abels, gaSeSebuli id-
ga da xmis amoRebas ver bedavda. personaJis sulieri tragizmi kidev uf-

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ro Rrmavdeba, roca sakuTar ojaxSi nacnobi nivTebis garda Sinauri
aravin daxvda.
mogvianebiT, mweralma jemal qarCxaZem Tavisi romaniT
`ganzomileba~, 1937 wlis avbediTi dReebis msxverplTa Tavgadasavals
kidev erTi ojaxis – didebuliZeebis istoriac miumata.
a. sulakauris romanSi `oqros Tevzi" mirianic im ganukiTxaobis
msxverpli xdeba, romelic mudam Tan sdevda erTi ideologiiT SeboWil
sazogadoebas. am sazogadoebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli iyo moCvenebiTi ke-
TildReoba, siyalbeze damyarebuli xalxTa Zmobis qadageba da plaka-
tebze gamosaxuli bednieri RimiliT xalxis ukmayofilebis miCqmalva.
a. sulakauris mier daxatul personaJTa pirovnul samyaros, urTier-
Tdamokidebulebebs da azrovnebis wess lodiviT awevs arsebuli Tu gan-
vlili wlebis simZime. maT cxovrebas gaunyrelad Tan sdevs zafris
momgvreli mniSvnelobis sityva - `akrZalulia". swored, amkrZalvelis,
cenzoris Tvalis axvevis surviliT unda avxsnaT a. sulakauris da,
saerTod, misi Taobis mweralTa SemoqmedebaSi, kritikuli azrovnebis
gabundovanebis mcdeloba, arsebuli sinamdvilis mimarT protestis qve-
teqstebiTa da miniSnebebiT gamoxatvisadmi miswrafeba, rac, sabednierod,
maTi mxatvrul prozisaTvis yovelTvis damaxasiaTebeli ar aris.
a. sulakauri eZebda da amkvidrebda gamosaxvis axal formebs qarTul
prozaSi. naSromSi warmoCenilia a. sulakauris prozis poetikis mravali
Tavisebureba - yuradRebaa gamaxvilebuli Txrobis poetur stilze,
detalis warmoCenisa da portretis xatvis ostatobaze.
a. sulakauri xSirad mimarTavs personaJTa Sinagan monologebs; aseve
misTvis niSandoblivia dialoguri metyvelebac. dialogi, mweralTan
mxatvruli asaxvis prioritetul formad gvevlineba.
`oqros Tevzi", `TeTri cxeni", `luka", `wyaldidoba", `biWi da ZaRli",
`mtredebi", `Jami dasvenebisa", `didi sefedavle~ da sxva moTxrobebis,
romanebis personaJTa sasaubro ena datvirTulia Sinaganad daZabuli,
`mravalxmiani~ replikebiT. dialogebis meSveobiT vecnobiT momaval Tu
ukve momxdar faqtebs, Tvals vadevnebT movlenaTa ganviTarebas. dialog-
Si SeiZleba igrZnobodes iseTi qveteqstic, romelic mkiTxvels exmareba
personaJis xasiaTis gaxsnaSi. a. sulakauri, rogorc zemoT iTqva, xSirad

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arRvevs realobis CarCoebs da irealur, warmosaxviT Seqmnil dialogSi,
monawile meore mxared cxovelTa samyaros warmomadgenlebic gamohyavs.
Tevzis garda mwerali Tavis personaJebs adamianis erTgul megobars,
ZaRlsac asaubrebs. magaliTad, nagazi intuiciiT xvdeba yovelives da,
rogorc Semdeg davinaxavT, biWs sikeTes daufasebs. personaJebi mxolod
erTmaneTs rodi elaparakebian, isini, upirveles yovlisa, CvenTvis,
mkiTxvelisTvis saubroben, amitomac dialogs eniWeba funqcia,
gagvimJRavnos moqmed gmirTa sxvadasxva poziciebis marTebuloba
zneobrivi TvalsazrisiT, gviCvenos sakuTari azris dacvis unari sxvis
azrTan dapirispirebasa da WidilSi.
a. sulakauri peizaJis - cocxali bunebisa Tu urbanistuli xedebis -
xatvis ostatia. unda aRvniSnoT a. sulakauris prozaSi bunebis suraTis
xatvis erTi Taviseburebac. Qqalaquri yofisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
garemo, misi xedebi, e. w. ucvleli dekoraciebi, xSirad gacocxlebulia
bunebasTan asociaciuri kavSirebiT, masTan Sedarebis gziT. Ria
fanjridan mosrolili qaRaldis dafleTili nakuwebis cvena akaciis
yvavilebis farfatTan aris Sedarebuli; Spalerze mixatul yviTel
vardebs saidanRac Semofrenili Wia-maia aacocdeba; Rameuli qlaqis xedi
ki gaCaxCaxebul xomalds mohgavs.
a. sulakauris Txrobis stilisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia detalze
yuradRebis gamaxvileba. mwerali gansakuTrebuli, niSandoblivi deta-
lebiT gvixatavs mTavari gmiris Cacmulobas an misi sacxovrebel
garemos. a. sulakauri prozaSi poeziidan movida da Tan moitana poezii-
saTvis damaxasiaTebeli xatvis manera, adamianis sulieri moZraobis
faqizi niuansebisadmi gansakuTrebuli interesi. a. sulakauris
moTxrobebsa da romanebSi daxatul adamianTa arsebaSi xSirad xdeba
warsuliT nasazrdoeb, Rirseul, amaRlebul grZnobebTan gamoTxoveba;
ufasurdebian tradiciuli Rirebulebebi, fermkrTaldebian Zveli
mogonebebi, magram mwerlis gamarjveba isaa, rom am did sulier Zvrebs
Tan axlavs zneobrivi ganaxleba, axali adamianis dabadeba. tragikuli
peripetiebis Semdeg iwyeba gmiris sulieri cxovrebis xelaxali aRorZi-
neba, iwyeba gmiris sulieri kaTarzisi.

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 a. sulakauri im SemoqmedTa kategorias ekuTvnis, romelTac gansakuT-
rebiT hqondaT gamaxvilebuli zneobrivi pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba. amas
mowmobs misi gmirebis anduyafaris, bogdanas, lukas, gias, jariskacis,
lados, daTos, gelas, gogis, lias, ananos, ozosa da sxvaTa poetizi-
rebuli, moralurad srulyofili saxeebi.
a. sulakauris prozis poeturobis ganapirobebs isic, rom mwerali
TiTqos umniSvnelo romelime detals, epizods, momxdar faqts, raime
SemTxvevas, zRaprulobis, gansakuTrebulobis elferiT mosavs, riTac
vlindeba mTxrobelis romantikuli ganwyobileba, misi miswrafeba
CveulebrivSi dainaxos araCveulebrivi, amaRlebuli.
sadisertacio naSromSi gansakuTrebuli yuradRebaa miqceuli im
simboloebze, romlebic mwerlis gamorCeul, originalur saxeobriv da
metaforul azrovnebas qmnian. simboluri mniSvnelobisaa lukas, daTos
sizmari, aseve, simboluria dakarguli mtredebis dabruneba moTxrobaSi
`mtredebi".
saintereso metaforul saxes warmoadgens mwerlis SemoqmedebaSi
mTvare; mis poeziaSic xSirad gvxvdeba mTvariT sxivfenili samyaro, mTva-
riani Rame, fanjridan gafrenili Tu `ToTo CviliviT" mklavebze miZi-
nebuli mTvaris xateba.
mTvare a. sulakaurTan iZens im mniSvnelobas, romlis Sinaarsi
iTavsebs da idumali mizidulobiT gansazRvravs adamianur yofierebas,
misi arsebobis sazriss. mTvare da yviTeli feri, ufro swored maTi
erTianoba, qmnis azrisa da grZnobis im idumal urTierTkavSirs, romlis
erTianobaSic sicocxlis maradiuli wyurvili da siyvarulis gadamrCeni
Zala igulisxmeba. mniSvnelovania am kuTxiT mTvarisas monologi
moTxrobidan `luka".
aseve, a. sulakaurTan mdinares, wylis stiqias, konkretulad mtkvris
saxes, gansakuTrebuli daniSnuleba eniWeba. `maradiuli mdinare" a. sula-
kauris prozaSi mxatvrul saxed aris qceuli. amasTan erTad, wylis sti-
qia am SemTxvevaSi aRiqmeba, rogorc gamoxatuleba medinobisa da warmav-
lobisa; igi samyaros cvlilebis, moZraobisa da mudmivi ganaxlebis xati-
a. mwerlis TiTqmis yvela prozaul nawarmoebSi wyals - mdinares, umTav-
resi adgili uWiravs (`luka", `biWi da ZaRli", `wyaldidoba", `Rame

- 153 -
yabaxze", `TeTri cxeni"). mtkvars, rogorc drois usasrulobis damtevs,
Tanabrad moaqvs sisxli da cremli (anduyafaris daRrCoba mtkvarSi,
cxenebis daRrCoba alazanSi, nagazis daRupva); sixaruli da bedniereba:
(`biWi da ZaRli", `luka", `wyaldidoba"). anduyafari inTqmeba adidebul
mtkvarSi. am personaJis wyalSi daRrCoba simboluri mniSvnelobisaa,
radgan wylis stiqiaSi Sesvla kvlav aRorZinebis sibrZnis Semcvelia. mi-
Tosur planSi es aqti adamianis maradisobis, sicocxlis zeobis da-
ucxromeli rwmena da himnia. es poeturi simbolo - wyalSi STanTqmisa da
xelaxla aRorZinebisa - dakavSirebulia mTvarisas da misi arqetipis izi-
das maradiuli ganaxlebis ciklTan, rac TavisTavad gazafxulze xdeba.
moTxrobaSi `wyaldidoba" adidebuli mtkvris msxverpli xdeba stefanes
wisqvilic. mtkvarma, maradiulma mdinarem, waleka Zveli, warmavali cxov-
rebis simbolo, aRgava igi pirisagan miwisa, masTan erTad sxva wisqvi-
lebic amTavreben TavianT arsebobas; wyaldidobis dros adidebul ala-
zanSi iRupeba cxenebis didi nawili ioTamis yofili cxensaSenidan
(`TeTri cxeni"). cxenTa remis mdinaris adidebul talRebSi Caxocvis su-
lisSemZvreli ambavi gaiazreba, rogorc simbolo gayiduli, iZulebiT
damcirebuli, TavisuflebawarTmeuli saqarTvelosi. romanSi aSkarad
simboluria, agreTve, ananos monaTxrobi wiTeli mamlis Sesaxeb. wiTeli
mamali miTosur frinvelad iTvleba. is sknels, e. i. sicocxles ukavSir-
deba. amasTan erTad igi sikvdilis kultTanac aris asocirebuli.
sadisertacio naSromSi naCvenebia, rom cxeni, mTvare, mamali, mtre-
debi, cxvari, mdinare, wyali, xidi, gza, gzajvaredini. - es is simboloebi
da alegoriebia, romlebsac mwerali xSirad mimarTavs dafaruli Tu mis-
tiuri azris gadmosacemad, saTqmelis mkiTxvelamde originalurad misa-
tanad.

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gamoyenebuli literatura:

1. amirxanaSvili i., mTvarisa arsebobs, `literaturuli saqarTvelo", 1985

w. 6. IX.
2. alxaziSvili g., `Cveni mwerloba~, 2009 15 maisi, # 10
3. arCvaZe l., iyo da ara iyo ra (arCil sulakauris Semoqmedeba), `lite-
raturuli saqarTvelo", 1999 w. 16-23. IV.
4. asaTiani g., kritikuli dialogebi, werilebi, portretebi, eskizebi,
gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, Tb., 1977 w.
5. barTaia e., bolokeTili novelebi, `axalgazrda komunisti", 1979 w. 20.
III.
6. baqraZe a., mwerlobis moTviniereba, gamomcemloba `sarangi~, Tb., 1990 w.
7. baqraZe a., Txzulebani, t. III, gamomcemloba `lomisi~; `nekeri~, Tb., 2004
w.
8. baxtaZe b., pirveli nabiji (a. sulakauris `talRebi napirisaken miis=
wrafian"), literaturuli gazeTi, 1959 w., 16. I.
9. boCarovi a, s., adamiani da omi, gamomcemloba `sabWoTa mwerali~,
moskovi, 1973 w. (rusul enaze).
10. gaCeCilaZe g., sami silueti, `literaturuli saqarTvelo", 1986 w. 11.
VII.
11. gverdwiTeli g., sami avtori - sami romani, `mnaTobi", 1966 w. #8.
12. gverdwiTeli g., tradiciulobac da siaxlec, `mnaTobi", 1981 w. #9.
13. gverdwiTeli g., arCil sulakauris moTxrobebi, ciskari, 1962 w., #11

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14. gverdwiTeli g., oTxi mwerali - oTxi samyaro, Tb., 1985 w.
15. dostoevski T. e., danaSauli da sasjeli, gamomcemloba `sabWoTa
saqarTvelo~, Tb., 1959 w.
16. dumbaZe n., gmadlobT, arCil, `ciskari", 1972 w. # 2.
17. dumbaZe n., me, bebia, iliko da ilarioni. Mme vxedav mzes,
gamomcemloba
`sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, Tb., 1966 w.
18. dumbaZe n., mziani Rame, gamomcemloba `merani~, Tb., 1988 w.
19. TavdgiriZe x., don manueli da oqros Tevzi, `Cveni mwerloba~, 2009 w.,
29 maisi, #11 (89).
20. kakabaZe n., prozaikosis dabadeba (arCil sulakauris moTxrobebi), li
teraturuli gazeTi, 1961 w., 24. III.
21. kamiu alber, ajanyebuli adamiani, filosofia, politika, xelovneba,
`politikuri literaturis gamomcemloba~, moskovi, 1990 w. (rusul
enaze).
23. kankava g., erTi weliwadi axali qarTuli prozis matianedan, mnaTobi,
1959 w., #3
24. koiSi p., realoba da romantika, `literaturuli saqarTvelo", 1981 w.
25. koelio paulo, veronikam sikvdili gadawyvita, `bakur sulakauris
gamomcemloba~, Tb., 2005 w.
26. `literaturuli saqarTvelo", 1978 w. 19. III.
27. `literaturuli saqarTvelo", 2004 w. 22. V.
28. `literaturuli saqarTvelo", 1968 w. 29. XI.
28. lomaZe g., TabaSiris kaci, `ciskari~, 1981 w., # 2.
29. margvelaSvili g., hangmravloba leqsisa, `soflis cxovreba", 1975 w.
30. margvelaSvili g., arCil sulakauris samyaroSi, mnaTobi, 1977 w., #9.
31. maRlaferiZe T., Zaladoba, SiSi, sicrue., ciskari, 1992 w., # 1-4.
32. maWutaZe g., realoba da romantika, `literaturuli saqarTvelo", 1988
w. # 10.
33. miSvelaZe r., epoqa da Tanamedrove mwerlis roli, gamomcemloba
`sazogadoeba codna~, Tb., 1990 w.
34. miSvelaZe r., Tanamedrove qarTuli mwerlobis problemebi,
gamomcemloba `Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti~, Tb., 2005 w.
35. miSvelaZe r. „luka“, kritika, 1973 w. # 4.
36. naTaZe r., zogadi fsiqologia, gamomcemloba `Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universiteti~, Tb., 1977 w.
37. nikoleiSvili a., fsiqologiurad Zlieri nawarmoebi, `quTaisi", 1973 w.,
3. IX.
38. nikoleiSvili a., fiqrebi Tanamedrove qarTul lirikaze,
gamomcemloba `merani~, Tb., 1981 w.
39. nikoleiSvili a., XX saukunis qarTuli mwerloba, awsu-is
gamomcemloba, quTaisi, 2002 w.,
40. nikoleiSvili a., XX saukunis qarTuli literaturis istoriis narkve
vebi, IV gamomcemloba `universali~, Tb., 2005 w.
41. orbeliani sulxan-saba, leqsikoni qarTuli, II. Ggamomcemloba
`merani~, Tb., 1993 w
42. paWkoria o., dro da saxeebi, `ciskari", 1974 w. # 7.
43. paWkoria o., `talRebi napirisken miiswrafian", mnaTobi, 1958 w., #12.
44. petriwi ioane, saTnoebaTa kibe, gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, Tb., 1968 w.

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45. rubinSteini s. l., zogadi fsiqologiis safuZvlebi, gamomcemloba
`sabWoTa mwerali~, moskovi, 1957 w. (rusul enaze).
46. sartri Jan-pol., egzistencializmi humanizmia, frangulidan Targmna
n. mTivliSvilma, gamomcemloba `jeoprinti~, Tb., 2006 w.
47. sartri Jan-pol, oTaxi, Targmani rusudan dodaSvilisa, J. `xomli~,
1969, # 3
48. selinjeri j., TamaSi Wvavis yanaSi, gamomcemloba `nakaduli~, Tb., 1968
w.
49. sigua s., martvili da alamdari, gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~,
Tb., 1995 w.
50. sigua s., aRTqmuli qveynis Zieba, gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~,
Tb., 1984 w.
51. sulakauri a., moTxrobebi, romani, gamomcemloba `sabWoTa
saqarTvelo~, Tb., 1975 w.
52. sulakauri a., sami romani, gamomcemloba `merani~, Tb., 1988 w.
53. sulakauri a., moTxrobebi, gamomcemloba `merani~, Tb., 1986, w.
54. sulakauri a., Semodgomis mze, leqsebi, gamomcemloba `sabWoTa
saqarTvelo~, Tb., 1985 w.
55. sulakauri a., lirikuli saubrebi, gamomcemloba `merani~, Tb., 1990 w.
56. sulakauri m., arCili, literaturuli saqarTvelo, 1999w.,19-26.II
57. tolstio l. n. Oomi da mSvidoba, Txzulebani, t. V. gamomcemloba
`sabWoTa saqarTvelo~ Tb., 1962 w.
58. uznaZe d., Sromebi, t. II. gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, Tb., 1958 w.
59. fanjikiZe g., meSvide ca. Tvali patiosani. Ggamomcemloba `sabWoTa
saqarTvelo~, 1974 w.
60. fanjikiZe g., reqviemi. moTxrobebi, (Sedgenili d. fanjikiZis mier),
gamomcemloba `merani~, 2003 w.
61. froidi z., sizmris axsna, germanulidan Targmna maia fanjikiZem, J.
`saunje~, 1987 w., #1
62. froidi z., fsiqoanalizi, gamomcemloba `siaxle~, 1995 w.
63. qarTuli xalxuri zRaprebi, gamomcemloba `nakaduli~, Tb., 1977 w.
64. qarCxaZe j., ganzomileba, `qarCxaZis gamomcemloba~, Tb., 2008 w.
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saqarTvelo~, Tb., 1965 w.
66. Rvinjilia j., werilebi klasikur da Tanamedrove qarTul literatu
raze, gamomcemloba `merani~, Tb., 1990 w.
67. yifiani e., mzeTunaxavi eZebs mzes, `literaturuli saqarTvelo", 1971
w., 23. IV.
68. CxaiZe T;. axalgazrda kacis fsiqologiisaTvis, ciskari, 1975 w., #1.
69. CxaiZe T., `TeTri cxeni" (a. sulakauris romanis mimoxilva), literatu
ruli saqarTvelo, 1984 w., 14. IX.
70. CxeiZe r., msxverpli, gamomcemloba `lomisi~, Tb., 2001 w.
71. CiCua S., `oqros Tevzis" ganxilva, `literaturuli saqarTvelo, 1968
w., 29. 11.
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73. WeiSvili r., vaime Cemo venaxo, moTxrobebi, gamomcemloba `merani~,
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