Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1. Sesavali
*
Tsu-is iuridiuli fakultetis doqtoranti, Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos administra-
ciuli palatis mosamarTle.
1
Das Bürgerliche Gesetzbuch nebst Einführungsgesetz vom 18. August 1896, RGBI, Nr. 21, Berlin, 1896 (für
die Bundesrepublik Deutschland).
2
parlamentis uwyebani, sakanonmdeblo damateba, 1997, 31.
3
Lando, Salient Features of the Principles of European Contract Law: A Comparison with the UCC, Pace
International Law Review, Fall 2001, 339-340.
4
Weber, Staudinger Münchener Kommentar zum Bürgerlichen Gesezbuch, 11th edn., München, 1961, §242,
ix. Zimmermann/Whittaker, Good Faith in European Contract Law, Cambridge University Press, 2000,
wignis mixedviT, 21.
5
cxadia, aq igulisxmeba keTilsindisierebis principi, romelic asaxulia ssk-is 361-e II muxlSi,
saxelSekrulebo urTierTobebTan dakavSirebiT da ara keTilsindisierebis principi,
romelic asaxulia sanivTo samarTalSi, moZrav nivTebze sakuTrebis SeZenasTan dakavSirebiT.
7
ix. cvaigerti/kotci, tomi I, 2001, 166.
8
iqve, 166-67.
9
germaniis samoqalaqo kodeqsis 157-e da 242-e paragrafebi, Sveicariis samoqalaqo kodeqsis
me-2 muxli, italiis samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1175-e da 1375-e muxlebi, saberZneTis samoqalaqo
kodeqsis 288-e muxli, portugaliis samoqalaqo kodeqsis 762-e muxli, holandiis samoqalaqo
kodeqsis 6:2 da 6:248 muxlebi.
10
erTiani evropuli samoqalaqo kodeqsis proeqtis SemuSaveba daiwyo evropis parlamentis
dadgenilebiT, Tavdapirvelad 1989 wels da SemdgomSi – 1994 wels. erTdroulad Seiqmna da
muSaobas Seudga komisia, romelic ramdenime jgufisgan Sedgeboda. erT-erTi jgufis mier,
romelsac landos jgufi (Lando-group) ewoda, momzadda `evropis saxelSekrulebo samarTlis
principebi~ (The Principles of European Contract Law). aRniSnuli principebis araoficialuri
qarTuli Targmani ix. Jurnali `notariati~, 2003, #1, Targ. zurab WeWelaSvilisa, 132-191.
11
kerZo samarTlis unificirebis saerTaSoriso institutma (International Institute for the Unifica-
tion of Private Law, SemoklebiT – UNIDROIT) SeimuSava saerTaSoriso savaWro xelSekrulebebis
principebi (Principles of International Commercial Contracts).
12
ufro dawvrilebiT ix. Zimmermann/Whittaker, Good Faith in European Contract Law, Cambridge
University Press, 2000, 18-19.
16 qarTuli samarTlis mimoxilva – specialuri gamocema 2007
doqtorantTa saseminaro naSromebi
13
keTilsindisierebis principis gamoyeneba ar Semoifargleba mxolod saxelSekrulebo
samarTliT, igi xom samarTlis zogadi principicaa, romelic gamoiyeneba mTeli kerZo
samarTlis mimarT, magaliTad, Sveicariis samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-2 muxliT pirdapiraa
gaTvaliswinebuli, rom keTilsindisierebis principi vrceldeba mTel samoqalaqo urTierTo-
bebze. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom ssk-is me-8 II muxlis Tanaxmadac, keTilsindisierebis qcevis
standarti aseve vrceldeba mTlianad saqarTvelos kerZo samarTalze: `samarTlebrivi
urTierTobis monawileni valdebulni arian, keTilsindisierad ganaxorcielon TavianTi
uflebebi da movaleobani~.
14
Lando, A Vision of a Future World Contract Law: Impact of European and UNIDROIT Contract Principles,
Uniform Commercial Code law Journal, issue 2, Fall 2004, 3-46.
15
kanonmdebelma, rogorc etyoba, gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba mianiWa formis gamoxatvis
eleganturobas, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi naTelia, rom samarTlis zogadi principebi moicavs
keTilsindisierebis principsac, es ukanaskneli ki samarTlianobisa da zneobis moTxovnaTa
dacvis kriteriumebsac, aseve piriqiT, samarTlianobisa da zneobis moTxovnaTa dacva moicavs
aseve keTilsindisierebis standartis dacvasac.
16
Hartkamp, Judicial Discretion Under the New Civil Code of the Netherlands, http://w3.uniroma1.it/idc/
centro/publications/04hartkamp.pdf#search=’Hartkamp%20Judicial%20Discretion (20.08.2006).
17
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis 187-e muxli Seicavs rogorc subieqtur, aseve obieqtur
kriteriumsac. subieqtur kriteriums warmoadgens 187-e I muxlis pirveli winadadeba:
`SemZeni xdeba nivTis mesakuTre maSinac, roca gamsxvisebeli ar iyo nivTis mesakuTre, magram
SemZeni am faqtis mimarT keTilsindisieria~, meore winadadeba ukve Seicavs obieqturi
kriteriumis elementebsac: `keTilsindisierad ar CaiTvleba SemZeni, Tu man icoda an unda
scodnoda, rom gamsxvisebeli ar iyo mesakuTre~. ssk-is 187-e II muxli ki mTlianad obieqtur
kriteriumzea damyarebuli, radgan aq gadamwyvetia ara is, icoda Tu ara pirma, rom
aramesakuTrisgan iZenda nivTs, aramed _ ra saxiT gavida mesakuTris mflobelobidan nivTi,
20 qarTuli samarTlis mimoxilva – specialuri gamocema 2007
doqtorantTa saseminaro naSromebi
kerZod: Tu mas mohpares, an misi nebis sawinaaRmdegod sxvagvarad gavida misi mflobelobidan,
anda SemZenma igi usasyidlod miiRo. am SemTxvevaSi mniSvneloba ar aqvs, am ukanasknelma
icoda Tu ara, rom is aramesakuTrisgan iZenda nivTs. igi mainc ver CaiTvleba keTilsindisier
SemZenad.
18
Zimmermann, 30.
19
Auer, “Good Faith” and its German Sources: A Structural Framework for The “Good Faith” Debate in
General in Contract Law and Under The Uniform Commercial Code, 21. http://www.law.harvard.edu/aca-
demics/graduate/publications/papers/auer.pdf (15.08.2006).
20
`garigeba, romelic ewinaaRmdegeba keTil znes, baTilia~. analogiuri normaa gaTvalis-
winebuli ssk-is 54-e muxlSi: `baTilia garigeba, romelic arRvevs kanoniT dadgenil wessa da
akrZalvebs, ewinaaRmdegeba sajaro wesrigs an zneobis normebs~.
21
Auer, 22.
22
ix. Wanturia, Sesavali saqarTvelos samoqalaqo samarTlis zogad nawilSi, Tbilisi (samar-
Tali), 1997, 107.
23
Áåðæåëü, Îáøàÿ Òåîðèÿ ïðàâà, Ïåðåâîä ñ ôðàíöóçñêîãî Ã.Â. ×óðøóêîâà, Nota Bene, M.: 2000, 536.
24
ix. Staudinger Kommentar zum Bürgelichen Gesetzbuch mit Einführungsgesetz und Nebengesetzen, 13. Aufl.,
Erstes Buch, Rn. 114, Wanturias mixedviT, 111.
25
ix. Auer, 23.
26
iqve, 25.
24 qarTuli samarTlis mimoxilva – specialuri gamocema 2007
doqtorantTa saseminaro naSromebi
27
Äàâèä/Æîôôðå-Ñïèíîçè, Îñíîâíûå ïðàâîâûå ñèñòåìû ñîâðåìåííîñòè, ìåæäóíàðîäíûå îòíîøåíèÿ, Ì.,
2003, 88.
28
`piri, romelic, keTili znis sawinaaRmdegod, ganzrax miayenebs zians sxva pirs, valdebulia,
aunazRauros mas miyenebuli ziani~.
29
Auer, 25.
30
ix. Zimmermann, 21.
31
aRniSnuli Teoriis Sesaxeb ufro dawvrilebiT qvemoT iqneba msjeloba.
32
Dowson, The Effects of Inflation on Private Contracts: Germany, 1914-1924, 33 Mich. L. Rev. 171, 1934,
205-213.
26 qarTuli samarTlis mimoxilva – specialuri gamocema 2007
doqtorantTa saseminaro naSromebi
Sedegi dadgeboda. gamosavali napovn iqna gsk-is 242-e paragrafis gamoyenebaSi. markis
gauTvaliswinebelma devalvaciam warmoSva kolizia nominalizmis principsa da
keTilsindisierebis princips Soris. maT Soris upiratesoba germaniis sasamarTloebma
mianiWes ukanasknels.33 savaluto kanonmdeblobis gamoyeneba uaryofil iqna, Tu is
winaaRmdegobaSi movidoda keTilsindisierebis principis danawesTan.34
aRniSnulma gadawyvetilebam germaniis iuridiuli sazogadoeba SokSi Caagdo.
xsenebuli gadawyvetilebiT Seirya manamde arsebuli samarTlebrivi wesrigi. valutis
kursis gansazRvra ar iyo sasamarTlos saqme da is ar Seesabameboda exceptio doli generalis
(eqscefcia35 arakeTilsindiseri mosarCelis mimarT) formulas, misi yvelaze farTo
gagebiTac ki. Tu samarTlis zogadi normebi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes sasamarTlos
amgvari Carevis gasamarTleblad, maSin yvelaferi SesaZlebelia – ambobdnen
kritikosebi.36
hedemanma mZafri kritikis qveS moaqcia zogadi daTqmebis gamoyenebis praqtika. Tavis
momcro naSroms, romelic xsenebul sakiTxebs exeboda, man uwoda: `gaqceva zogad daTqmaSi
– saSiSroeba saxelmwifosa da samarTlisTvis~,37 sadac igi gulmodgined amtkicebda,
rom amgvari sasamarTlo praqtika da samosamarTleo diskreciis SeuzRudavoba
gamoiwvevda samarTlebriv normaTa, rogorc xelisuflebis SezRudvis instrumentis,
sasicocxlo funqciis xelyofas. man germania Seadara dacemis piras misul romis imperias,
romelmac gaiara igive gza, kanonis uzenaesobis principidan imperatorebis nebis
tiraniisken. hedemanma, kerZod, ganacxada: Tu saxelmwifo, rogorc umaRlesi
Zalauflebis mqone piri, moaxdens zogadi daTqmebis implementacias, maSin moqnilobis
faqtori gaerTiandeba Zalauflebis faqtorTan da zogadi daTqmebi iqceva arakontro-
lirebad iaraRad. misi SiSis momgvreli winaTgrZnoba srulad axda 1933 wels germaniaSi,
qveynis saTaveSi, nacionalistur-socialisturi partiis mosvlis Semdeg. keTilsindi-
sierebis principi (sxva zogad daTqmebTan erTad) gaxda erT-erTi xelsayreli instru-
menti, romlis meSveobiTac germaniis samarTlebriv sistemaSi SeRweva daiwyo nacionalis-
turi suliT gaJRenTilma axalma samarTlebrivma ideologiam.38 magaliTad: samuSaodan
gaTavisuflebul ebraelTa sapensio (sakompensacio) sarCelebTan dakavSirebiT, 1940
wlamde germaniis sasamarTloebi yoymanobdnen, aSkarad moexdinaT Tu ara revizia
xelSekrulebis naTlad Camoyalibebuli im pirobebisa, romlebic iTvaliswinebda
kompensaciis gacemas gaTavisuflebul muSakze. Tumca SemdgomSi `gamosavali moinaxa~
damsaqmeblis ekonomikuri sirTuleebis Teoriaze dayrdnobiT. am mxriv `mowinave~ saqmed
miCneul iqna germaniis Sromis umaRlesi sasamarTlos (Reichsarbeitsgericht) 1940 wels
33
RGZ 107, 78 ff.
34
ix. Zimmermann, 21.
35
Exceptio – eqscefcia, procesualuri daTqma mopasuxis sasargeblod. Exceptio doli generalis –
ewoda misi mravalgvari gamoyenebis gamo. mocemul SemTxvevaSi igi mimarTulia im mosarCelis
mimarT, romelic pretenzias acxadebs raimeze usamarTlod, radgan igi ewinaaRmdegeba bona
fides, Tundac formalurad eyrdnobodes ius civile-s. ix. Ñàíôèëèïïî, Êóðñ ðèìñêîãî ÷àñòíîãî ïðàâà,
Ì. (ÁÅÊ), 2000, 105.
36
ix. Zimmermann, 21.
37
Hedemann, Die Flucht in die Generalklauseln, Eine Gefahr für Recht und Staat, 1993.
38
bedis ironiiT, hedemani sulac ar gulisxmobda zemoaRniSnuls, piriqiT, igi erT-erTi
aqtiuri momxre iyo faSisturi ideologiis da man, rusi bolSevikebisa ar iyos, wamoayena
aranakleb fanatikuri idea gsk-is gauqmebisa da axali `saxalxo kodeqsis~ Seqmnis Sesaxeb,
romelic ukeT Seesatyviseboda nacionalur suls, da romelic gamomdinareobda `sisxlisa
da mamulis erTobidan~, ix. Zimmermann, 21.
39
Rûthers, Die unbegrenzte Auslegung, Zum Wandel der Privatrechtsordnung im Nationalsozialismus, 4th ed.,
1991, 226-227, Auer-is naSromis mixedviT, 29.
40
iqve, 29.
41
ix. Zimmermann, 21-22.
42
ix. Dawson, The Oracles of Law, 1968, 478, Auer-is naSromis mixedviT, 30.
43
ix. cvaigerti/kotci, tomi I., 169.
44
obieqtur kriteriumze dafuZnebul keTilsindisierebis princips, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna,
germanul iuridiul literaturaSi Treu und Glauben ewodeba. Treu niSnavs erTgulebas,
loialurobas, ndobas, xolo Glauben rwmenas, ndobas. Treu und Glauben kombinacia ki xandaxan
praqtikaSi ganimarteba gacilebiT ufro farTo mniSvnelobiT, vidre mTlianobaSi aRebuli
zemoaRniSnuli cneba misi sityvasityviTi mniSvnelobiT, magaliTad, rogorebicaa: kontra-
hentTa loialuri qceva, mzrunveloba, moqmedeba meore mxaris interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT,
gonivruli ndobis dacva da sxva. ix. Zimmermann , 30-31.
45
`keTilsindisierebis definicias samoqalaqo kodeqsi ar iZleva. keTilsindisieri qceva
araa samarTlebrivi qcevis tolfasi. yovelgvari aramarTlzomieri moqmedeba araa
imavdroulad arakeTilsindisieri moqmedeba da, piriqiT, arakeTilsindisieri qceva yovelTvis
ar aris aramarTlzomieri qceva. keTilsindisiereba gulisxmobs samoqalaqo brunvis
monawileTa moqmedebas gulisxmierebiTa da pasuxismgeblobiT, erTmaneTis uflebebisadmi
pativiscemiT mopyrobas~. ix. zoiZe, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentarebi, wigni
mesame, Tbilisi (samarTali), 2001, 270.
46
Hesselink, Good Faith, Towards a European Civil Code, 2. ed., The Hague/London/Boston (Kluwer Law
International), 1998, 288.
47
Larenz, Lehrbuch des Schuldrechts, I Band Allgemeiner Teil, 14 Auflage, München, 1987, 129, Hesselink-is
naSromis mixedviT, 288; Herbots, Contract Law in Belgium, Deventer-Boston/Bruxelles, 1995, 109.
48
Stathopoulos, Contract Law in Hellas, The Hague-London-Boston/Athens, 1995, 50.
49
iqve, 52; Bianca, Diritto Civile, III, Contratto, Milano, 1987, 233, Hesselink-is naSromis mixedviT, 289.
50
Hartkamp, Mr. C. Asser’s handleiding tot de bepefening van het Nederlands burgerlijk recht,
Verbintenissenrecht, Deel II Algemene leer der overeenkomsten, 9th ed., Zwolle, 1997, 305, Hesselink-is
naSromis mixedviT, 289.
51
ix. cvaigerti/kotci, tomi I, 166-167.
52
Lando, Salient Features of the Principles of European Contract law: A Comparison with the UCC, Pace
International Law Review, Fall 2001, 339-340.
53
ix. zoiZe, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentarebi, wigni mesame, Tbilisi (samarTali),
2001, 271; agreTve, ix. Lando, 339.
54
ix. Zimmermann, 18.
55
Heinrichs, Beck’sche Kurz-Kommentare, Band 7, §242; Palandt, Bürgeliches Gesetzbuch, 55 Aufl.,
München, 1996, 3, Hesselink-is naSromis mixedviT, 289.
56
Weber, Staudinger Münchener Kommentar zum Bürgerlichen Gesezbuch, 11th edn., München, 1961, §242,
Zimmermann-is wignis mixedviT, 21.
57
ix. Schmidt, Staudinger Münchener Kommentar zum Bürgerlichen Gesezbuch, 12. Auflage, München,
1981, §242.
58
ix. Hesselink , 289.
59
Roth, Münchener Kommentar zum Bürgerlichen Gesezbuch, München, 1994, §242, No.7, Hesselink-is
naSromis mixedviT, 290.
60
italiis samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1337-e muxli, saberZneTis samoqalaqo kodeqsis 197-e muxli,
portugaliis samoqalaqo kodeqsis 227-e muxli.
61
safrangeTi: Cass. com., 1983 wlis 8 noemberi, Bull. civ., IV, No.298, No.260.
62
BGH NJW 1965, 34.
63
BGH NJW 1982, 1386, cvaigertis/kotcis mixedviT, t. II, 112.
64
safrangeTi: Civ. I, 1976 wlis 12 aprili, bull. Civ., i, no. 122, Def., 1976, a. 31434, no. 5, 389, Aubert-is
SeniSvniT.
65
Wanturia, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni mesame, Tbilisi (samarTali),
2001, 51.
66
ssk-is 317-e II muxli: `316-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli movaleobebiT valdebuleba SeiZleba
xelSekrulebis momzadebis safuZvelzec warmoiSvas~.
67
ssk-is 318-e muxli: `valdebulebidan SeiZleba gamomdinareobdes ama Tu im informaciis
miRebis ufleba, informaciis gacema uzrunvelyofili unda iyos maSin, roca mas mniSvneloba
aqvs valdebulebis Sinaarsis gansazRvrisaTvis da kontrahents SeuZlia sakuTari uflebis
Selaxvis gareSe gasces es informacia. informaciis gacemis xarjebi valdebul pirs unda
aunazRauros misma mimRebma~.
68
germania, BGH, 1956 weli 29 oqtomberi.
69
cvaigerti/kotci, tomi II, 60.
70
Cinuri andazis Tanaxmad, aTas Wkuas qaRaldis erTi nagleji sjobia.
71
aRniSnuli gamoTqma gamoyenebul iqna gsk-is 766-e paragrafis mimarT, ix. cvaigerti/kotci,
tomi II, 61.
40 qarTuli samarTlis mimoxilva – specialuri gamocema 2007
doqtorantTa saseminaro naSromebi
72
iqve, 61.
73
iqve, 61.
74
BGHZ 48, 396, Markesinis/Lorenz/Dannemann, The German Law of Obligations, Volume I, The Law of
Contracts and Restitution: A Comparative Introduction, Oxford (Claredon press), 2001, 558-560.
75
ix. cvaigerti/kotci, tomi II, 62.
76
Auer-is naSromis mixedviT, 33.
77
yovel SemTxvevaSi, sxva sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba, romelic uSualod keTilsindisi-
erebis principze dayrdnobiT iqneboda gamotanili xelSekrulebis mosawesrigeblad, am
naSromis avtorisTvis ucnobia.
78
konstituciis normebis arapirdapiri moqmedebis (mittelbare Drittwirkung) Sesaxeb kerZo
samarTalSi ix. Cherednychenko, The Constitutionalization of Contract Law: Something New under the
Sun? Electronic Journal of Comparative Law, vol. 81.1, March 2004, http://www.ejcl.org/81/art81-3.PDF
(10.09. 2006); Kumm, Who’s Afraid of Total Constitution? Constitutional Rights as Principles and the
Constitutionalization of Private Law. German Law Journal, Vol. 07, No. 04. 2006, 341-370.
ttp://www.germanlawjournal.com/pdf/Vol07No04/_Vol_07_No_04_341370_Articles%20 Kumm.pdf (05.09.2006);
agreTve Markesinis, A Comparative Introduction to German Law of Torts, 3rd edn, 1994, 27.
79
kublaSvili, ZiriTadi uflebebi, Tbilisi (jisiai), 2003, 50.
80
Seadare saqarTvelos konstituciis me-20 I muxls.
81
Schlechtriem, Good Faith in German Law and in International Uniform Laws, Centro di Studi e Ricerche di
Diritto Comparato e Straniero, 17, http://w3.uniroma1.it/idc/centro/24schlechtriem.pdf (05.09.2006).
82
ix. Auer, 35.
83
ssk-is 52-e muxli: `nebis gamovlenis ganmartebisas neba unda dadgindes gonivruli gansjis
Sedegad, da ara martooden gamoTqmis sityvasityviTi azridan~. ssk-is me-8 III muxli:
`samarTlebrivi urTierTobis monawileni valdebulni arian, keTilsindisierad ganaxorci-
elon TavianTi uflebebi da movaleobani~. ssk-is me-5 II muxli: `Tu kanonis analogiis gamoyeneba
SeuZlebelia, urTierToba unda mowesrigdes samarTlis zogadi principebis safuZvelze,
agreTve samarTlianobis, keTilsindisierebisa da zneobis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad (samarTlis
analogia)~.
84
ix. Larenz/Canaris, Methodenlehre der Rechtswissenschaft, 3. Aufl., 1995, 133 ff., Zimmermann- is
mixedviT, 22.
85
iqve, 22.
86
saqarTvelo 1994 wlis 3 Tebervlis parlamentis dadgenilebiT SeuerTda xsenebul
konvencias, xolo amave dadgenilebis me-3 punqtis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos respublikis
ministrTa kabinets daevala, erTi Tvis vadaSi SesabamisobaSi moeyvana normatiuli aqtebi
konvenciasTan da waredgina saqarTvelos parlamentisTvis sakanonmdeblo winadadebebi.
87
gamoyenebul iqna qarTul enaze Sesrulebuli oficialuri Targmani.
88
Schlechrtiem, 3.
89
Legislative History, Article 7, 1980 Vienna Diplomatic Conference, http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/
chronology/chrono07.html (07.09.2006).
90
Farnsworth, Duties of Good Faith and Fair Dealing under UNIDROIT Principles, Relevant Conventions and
National Laws, 3 Tul. J. Int. and Com. L., 1995, 56.
91
Bianca/Bonnell, Commentary on the International Sales Law, Mailand, 1987, Art. 7, Comment 2.4.1., 85.
92
Schlechtriem, 4-5.
93
Hillman, Legislative History, Article 7, http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/text/hillman.html (07.09.2006).
94
Magnus, Remarks on Good Faith, http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/magnus.htm (07.09.2006)
95
Schlechtriem, Commentary on the UN Convention on the International of Goods, Oxford, 1998, Art.7 n.18.
96
Lando, A Vision of a Future World Contract Law: Impact of European and UNIDROIT Contract Principles,
Uniform Commercial Code law Journal, issue 2, Fall 2004, 25.
52 qarTuli samarTlis mimoxilva – specialuri gamocema 2007
doqtorantTa saseminaro naSromebi
97
xelSekrulebis obieqturi da subieqturi ganmartebis meTodebis Sesaxeb dawvrilebiT
ix. cvaigerti/kotci, tomi II, 86-95. ssk-ma, gsk-is msgavsad, ver gadalaxa winaaRmdegoba nebis
(anu subieqtur) Teoriasa da nebis gamovlenis (anu obieqtur) Teorias Soris. pirvels
ganekuTvneba ssk-is 52-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli norma, romlis Tanaxmadac unda
dadgindes piris namdvili neba (subieqturi Teoria), xolo ssk-is 337-e, 338-e, 339-e, 340-e da
345-e muxlebiT aSkarad apelireba xdeba obieqtur kriteriumebze.
98
BGH, 1980 wlis 25 ianvari, BGHZ 277, 301.
99
BGHZ 16, 71, ix. cvaigerti/kotci, tomi II, 91-is mixedviT.
100
BGH 74, 370.
101
ix. cvaigerti/kotci, t. II, 226-227.
a) mxareTa ganzraxva;
b) xelSekrulebis xasiaTi da mizani;
g) keTilsindisiereba da patiosani saqmiani praqtika;
d) goniereba~.
aRniSnuli norma gamoiyeneba iseT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mxareebma xelSekrulebaSi
ver an ar gaiTvaliswines garkveuli pirobebi, xolo maTi Sevseba specialuri normebiT
ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli. aseT SemTxvevaSi mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli mxareTa
ganzraxva, xolo Tu aRniSnulic ar dgindeba, maSin `maSvel rgolad~ sasamarTlos
unda moevlinos keTilsindisierebis principi.
`unidroas~ principebis oficialur komentarebSi moyvanilia Semdegi magaliTi:
frenSaizingis xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli iyo, rom frenSaizis mimRebi, romelsac
evaleboda frenSaizis mimcemis saqonlis realizacia, ar hqonda ufleba, dakavebuli
yofiliyo analogiuri saqmianobiT erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi xelSekrulebis Sewyvetis
dRidan. xelSekrulebaSi araferi iyo naTqvami aRniSnuli akrZalvis teritoriuli
farglebis Sesaxeb, Tumca frenSaizingis xelSekrulebis gansakuTrebuli xasiaTidan da
miznebidan gamomdinare, marTebuli iqneboda miCneuliyo, rom akrZalva xsenebul
saqmianobaze ifargleboda mxolod im teritoriiT, romelzec frenSaizis mimRebi
iyenebda Tavis uflebas, saqonlis realizaciis Sesaxeb xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad.102
ssk Seicavs garkveulwilad analogiuri Sinaarsis normas, kerZod: 325-e muxliT
gaTvaliswinebulia Semdegi:
`1. Tu valdebulebis Sesrulebis pirobebi unda ganisazRvros xelSekrulebis erT-
erTi mxaris an mesame piris mier, maSin saeWvoobisas ivaraudeba, rom amgvari gansazRvra
unda moxdes samarTlianobis safuZvelze.
2. Tu mxare pirobebs ar miiCnevs samarTlianad, an maTi gansazRvra Wianurdeba,
gadawyvetilebas iRebs sasamarTlo~.
xsenebul normasTan dakavSirebiT saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentarebSi
aRniSnulia Semdegi: `marTalia, xelSekrulebis Tavisuflebisas mxareTa neba
gadamwyvetia, magram TviTnebobis uflebas kanoni mxareebs ar aZlevs. xelSekrulebis
Tavisufleba mainc saxelSekrulebo samarTlianobis farglebSi moqmedebs . . .~ Semdeg
moyvanilia magaliTi:
`ijaris xelSekrulebiT meijares ufleba mieca, rom yoveli eqvsi Tvis Semdeg
gadaexeda saijaro qirisaTvis da sakuTari SexedulebiT gaezarda igi. aqac gvaqvs
saqme xelSekrulebis pirobis calmxrivad gansazRvris SemTxvevasTan. meijaris
Tavisufleba am SemTxvevaSi SezRudulia 325-e muxlSi ganmtkicebuli samarTlianobis
principiT~.103
amrigad, naTelia, rom kodeqsis 325-e muxlSi gamoyenebuli termini `samarTlianoba~
identuria `unidroas~ principebis me-4 VIII muxlSi gamoyenebuli cnebisa `keTilsindi-
siereba~. Tumca aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom es ukanaskneli norma, iuridiuli teqnikis
TvalsazrisiT, ufro daxvewilia da ukeT aRsaqmeli, vidre ssk-is 325-e muxli.
darwmunebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aRniSnuli muxli gsk-is 315-e-319-e paragrafebis
recefciis Sedegia (es ukanasknelni moculobiT da sizustiT ufro gamoirCevian).
102
Ïðèíöèïû ìåæäóíàðîäíûõ êîììåð÷åñêèõ äîãîâîðîâ (Ïåð. ñ àíãë. À.Ñ. Êîìàðîâà), Ì., Ìåæäóíàðîäíûé
öåíòð ôèíàíñîâî-ýêîíîìè÷åñëîãî ðàçâèòèÿ, 1996, 114.
103
Wanturia, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni mesame, Tbilisi (samarTali),
2001, 80.
104
`unidroas~ principebis me-5 II muxli: `nagulisxmebi valdebulebani gamomdinareoben:
a) xelSekrulebis xasiaTidan da miznidan; b) praqtikidan, romelic mxareebma daadgines
urTierTobaSi; g) keTilsindisierebidan da patiosani saqmosnobidan; d) gonivrulobidan.
`evropuli~ principebis 6:102-e muxli: `pirdapir gamoTqmul pirobebTan erTad xelSekruleba
SeiZleba Seicavdes savaraudo (nagulisxmeb) pirobebs, romlebic gamomdinareobs: a) mxareTa
nebidan; b) xelSekrulebis bunebidan da miznebidan da g) keTilsindisierebisa da patiosani
saqmosnobis principebidan.
105
Ïðèíöèïû ìåæäóíàðîäíûõ êîììåð÷åñêèõ äîãîâîðîâ, Ïåð. ñ àíãë. À.Ñ. Êîìàðîâà, Ì., Ìåæäóíàðîäíûé
öåíòð ôèíàíñîâî-ýêîíîìè÷åñëîãî ðàçâèòèÿ, 1996, 116-117.
106
RGz 161, 330, 338, Markesinis/Lorenz/Dannemann, The German Law of Obligations, Volume I, The Law
of Contracts and Restitution: A Comparative Introduction, Oxford (Claredon press), 2001, 515.
107
BGH NJW 1982, 697.G
108
ix. Zimmermann, 439-440.
109
Cherednychenko, The Constitutionalization of Contract Law: Something New under the Sun? Electronic
Journal of Comparative Law, vol. 81.1, March 2004, 4, http://www.ejcl.org/81/art81-3.PDF (10.09. 2006).
110
ssk-is 346-e muxlis komentarebSi moyvanilia Semdegi magaliTi: televizoriT movaWre
maRaziis standartul pirobebSi aRniSnulia, rom gayiduli saqonlis gamo pretenziebi
miiReba mxolod werilobiT. standartuli pirobebis SemTavazebels ara aqvs ufleba,
calmxrivad waarTvas mxares Tavdacvis ufleba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu man nebis gamovlena
zepirad ganaxorciela. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, xsenebuli piroba 346-e muxlis moTxovnas
ewinaaRmdegeba da igi baTilad unda iqnes cnobili. ix. Wanturia, samoqalaqo kodeqsis
komentari, wigni mesame, Tbilisi (samarTali), 2001, 194.
111
zemoT ukve ganxilul iqna magaliTebi, romlis mixedviTac formis dacvis momTxovni
imperatiuli normebis ignorireba xdeboda pacta sunt servanda-s (xelSekruleba unda
Sesruldes) sasargeblod keTilsindisierebis principze dayrdnobiT.
112
Ïðèíöèïû ìåæäóíàðîäíûõ êîììåð÷åñêèõ äîãîâîðîâ (Ïåð. ñ àíãë. À.Ñ. Êîìàðîâà), Ì., Ìåæäóíàðîäíûé
öåíòð ôèíàíñîâî-ýêîíîìè÷åñëîãî ðàçâèòèÿ, 1996, 116-117.
113
ix. Auer, 33.
62 qarTuli samarTlis mimoxilva – specialuri gamocema 2007
doqtorantTa saseminaro naSromebi
114
ix. cvaigerti/kotci, t. II, 213.
115
Kegel/Rupp/Zweigert, Die Einwirkung des Krieges Verträge in der Rechtsprechung Deutschlands,
Frankreichs, Englands und der Vereingten Staaten von Amerika, 1941, 151, cvaigerti/kotcis mixedviT,
II tomi, 213-214.
116
revalvacia – (frang. revaluation) – (finans.) valutis kursis aweva (sapirisp. – devalvacia).
ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni, Tbilisi (ganaTleba), 1989, 429.
64 qarTuli samarTlis mimoxilva – specialuri gamocema 2007
doqtorantTa saseminaro naSromebi
117
aRsaniSnavia, rom 1925 wels saimperio sasamarTlos xsenebuli praqtika ganmtkicebul
iqna sakanonmdeblo donezec, kerZod, miRebul iqna kanoni `revalvarizaciis Sesaxeb,~ ix.
cvaigerti/kotci, t. II, 214.
118
iqve, 225.
119
iqve, 225-226.
120
germaniaSi 2002 wlis 1 ianvars miiRes kanoni `valdebulebiTi samarTlis modernizebis
Sesaxeb~ (Gesetz zur Modernisierung des Schuldrechts vom 26. November, 2001, BGBI I, 3138), ix. CaCava,
myidvelis meoradi uflebebis SedarebiTsamarTlebrivi analizi, qarTuli samarTlis
mimoxilva, specialuri gamocema, 2004, 35.
121
gsk-is 313-e paragrafi:
`1. Tu is garemoebebi, romlebic xelSekrulebis dadebis safuZveli gaxda, xelSekrulebis
dadebis Semdeg aSkarad Seicvala da mxareebi ar dadebdnen am xelSekrulebas an dadebdnen
sxva SinaarsiT, es cvlilebebi rom gaeTvaliswinebinaT, maSin SeiZleba moTxovnil iqnes
xelSekrulebis misadageba Secvlili garemoebebisadmi, radganac erT-erTi mxarisTvis
xelSekrulebaSi monawileoba misi Secvlis gareSe, yvela garemoebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT,
saxeldobr, riskebis ganawileba xelSekrulebidan an kanonidan gamomdinare, miuRebelia.
2. garemoebaTa Secvlas uTanabrdeba, roca warmodgenebi, romlebic xelSekrulebis
safuZveli gaxda, araswori aRmoCnda.
3. Tuki SeuZlebelia xelSekrulebis misadageba Secvlili garemoebebisadmi, an miuRebelia
misi nawilis mimarT, maSin mxares, romelic araxelsayrel mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda, SeuZlia
uari Tqvas xelSekrulebaze. grZelvadiani valdebulebiTi urTierTobebisas ufleba
xelSekrulebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb icvleba xelSekrulebis Sewyvetis uflebiT~.
122
cimermani aRniSnavs, rom es aris germaniis samosamarTleo samarTlis mier gamomuSavebuli
erT-erTi yvelaze cnobili Teoria, romelic Semdgom aisaxa kanonmdeblobaSi (gsk-is 313-e
paragrafSi). ix. Zimmerman, Breach of Contract and Remedies under the New German law of Obligations,
Centro di Studi e Ricerche di Diritto Comparato e Straniero, Diretto da M.J. Bonell, 13, http://w3.uniroma1.it/idc/
centro/48zimmermann.pdf (20.07.2006).
9. daskvna
123
ix. Wanturia, Sesavali saqarTvelos samoqalaqo samarTlis zogad nawilSi, Tbilisi
(samarTali), 1997, 117.
68 qarTuli samarTlis mimoxilva – specialuri gamocema 2007
doqtorantTa saseminaro naSromebi