VI.

Ejemplo: Matriz inversa aplicando la matriz adjunta

1 2
1. Hallar la inversa de matriz de orden 2 𝐴=[ ]
−3 4

1  a 22 − a12 
A −1  A  0 y A −1 =
A − a 21 a11 

4 −2
1 4 −2
𝐷𝑒𝑡(𝐴) = (1)(4) − (2)(−3) = 10 𝐴−1 = 10 [ ] = [10
3
10
1]
3 1
10 10

1 3 2
2. Hallar la inversa de matriz de orden 3: 𝐴=[ 2 2 3]
−1 1 0
1 1
Anxn tiene inversa A−1  A  0 y A −1 = adj ( A) = (CA) t
A A

|𝐴| = 1 |2 3| − 3 | 2 3| + 2 | 2 2| = 1(−3) − 3(3) + 2(4) = −4 ≠ 0,

1 0 −1 0 −1 1
𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑧 𝐴 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑎.

2 3 2 3 2 2 𝑡
+| | −| | +| |
1 0 −1 0 −1 1
1 3 2 1 2 1 3
𝐴−1 = −| | +| | −| |
−4 1 0 −1 0 −1 1
3 2 1 2 1 3
[ + |2 3
| −|
2 3
| +|
2
|
2 ]

−3 −3 4 𝑡
1 −1 −3 2 5
𝐴−1 = [−(−2) 2 −4] = [−3 2 1]
−4 5 −(−1) −4 4
4 −4 −4

3 −1 −5
4 2 4
𝐴−1 = 3 −1 −1
4 2 4
[−1 1 1]

3. Hallar la matriz inversa de las siguientes matrices:

 0 1 0 0 0
3 4 − 3 1 0
3
− 3 2 0  0   0 0 0
B = − 4 5 − 2
6 1 1
A= C=2 3 0 1 0
5 4 2 1  
 − 5 3 0    1 0 0 0 1
2 3 3 2
− 1 1 1 0 0

Respuestas:

 −7 5 12 19 
 3 −2   3 8 
0
 −2 −5
−1
B = 5 0 − 2  A −1 = 
 41 − 30 − 69 111 
13 / 2 − 1 / 2 − 7 / 2  
− 59 43 99 − 159

Ejercicio: (De la lista de ejercicios)

4 −8 4
19. Sea la Matriz 𝑎𝑑𝑗(𝐴) = 𝐵 = (−7 9 −5) ; |𝐴| = −4. 𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑘 𝑦 𝐴.
−6 10 𝑘

Solución:

|𝐴|𝑛−1 = |𝑎𝑑𝑗(𝐴)|

4 −8 4
(−4)3−1 = |−7 9 −5|
−6 10 𝑘

16 = −20𝑘 − 104

20𝑘 = −120, 𝑘 = −6

4 −8 4
𝑎𝑑𝑗(𝐴) = (−7 9 −5)
−6 10 −6
|𝐴|. 𝐼 = 𝐴. 𝑎𝑑𝑗(𝐴)

|𝐴|. 𝐼(𝑎𝑑𝑗(𝐴))−1 = 𝐴. ⏟
𝑎𝑑𝑗(𝐴)(𝑎𝑑𝑗(𝐴))−1
𝐼

|𝐴|. (𝑎𝑑𝑗(𝐴))−1 = 𝐴. 𝐼
 |𝐴|. (𝐵)−1 = 𝐴 (𝛼)

Hallamos La inversa de la matriz B: (𝐵)−1

4 −8 4
𝐵 = (−7 9 −5)
−6 10 −6
1
(𝐵)−1 = 𝑎𝑑𝑗(𝐵)
|𝐵|

9 −5 −7 −5 −7 9 𝑡
+| | −| | +| |
10 −6 −6 −6 −6 10
−8 4 4 4 4 −8
𝑎𝑑𝑗(𝐵) = − | | +| | −| |
10 −6 −6 −6 −6 10
−8 4 4 4 4 −8
(+ | 9 −5| −|
−7 −5
| +|
−7
|
9 )

−4 −12 −16 𝑡
𝑎𝑑𝑗(𝐵) = (−8 0 8 )
4 −8 −20
−4 −8 4
𝑎𝑑𝑗(𝐵) = (−12 0 −8 )
−16 8 −20

1 −4 −8 4
(𝐵)−1 = (−12 0 −8 )
|𝐵|
−16 8 −20

1 −4 −8 4
(𝐵)−1 = (−12 0 −8 )
16
−16 8 −20

𝐸𝑛 (𝛼):

𝐴 = |𝐴|. (𝐵)−1

1 −4 −8 4
𝐴 = −4. (−12 0 −8 )
16
−16 8 −20

1 −4 −8 4
𝐴 = − (−12 0 −8 )
4
−16 8 −20

Nota:

Para hallar el determinante de B:

|𝐵|𝑛−1 = |𝑎𝑑𝑗(𝐵)|

|𝐵|2 = 256, |𝐵| = 16.