Handbook 2 – IV B

Name:

1. Read the news and answer

Grapes in northern Peru endangered by excessive thinning.

As is known, El Niño Global has been affecting the Peruvian agribusiness, in some crops
more than in others, but, as a renowned agroclimatic consultant for Portalfruticola.com
declared, no crop will be saved. Within the framework of the recent 1st International
Congress of Table Grapes, in Ica, the president of Provid, Manuel Yzaga Dibós, said that this
campaign Peru would export 72.8 million boxes of grapes, slightly more than last season,
where 71.4 were exported. million, which served for the country to position itself as the
leading exporter of table grapes in the world. There was something that the experts
repeated at the congress: Peru cannot rest on its laurels and must focus more on quality.
Because there is volume.

But, in what ways has the Global Child been affecting the Peruvian grape? We spoke with
one of the speakers at the congress, a grape advisor in the north, where the climate impact
is greater, the Brazilian Breno Lacourt, who works with companies such as Agroindustrial
Beta, Sociedad Agrícola Saturno, Avo Perú, San Miguel and Fundo Los Paltos, among other.
Our first question was the following: What is happening with table grapes in northern Peru?
Breno replied that "the eastern temperature is abnormally high, 3.5º above normal, at this
stage of the year, and now what there is is excessive thinning in the fields."

What does this imply?

Some varieties, especially the Sweet Globe, which has also been widely planted in northern
Peru, have had berries that have aborted to an unacceptable level, which has meant pale
bunches that are not marketable.

What do you mean by "paludos" clusters?

Paludo is said when so many grains of the plant fall that you can see the stick, the stem of
the grape, and that should not happen. When the over-thinning is not excessive, then we
are dealing with low-quality bunches that will have to be sold cheaper. But when it comes
to excessive thinning, these bunches no longer even qualify for export, they remain for the
domestic market, a market that pays very little and is not very demanding. Its a big problem.
It has happened that in some fields it has reached the extreme that more than 80% of the
fruit has gone through this problem, which meant only keeping 10% of good fruit for export.

We are talking about big losses.

huge. But it must be said that the factors that lead to a vine, a grape field, tending to over-
thin, are already known, so we already know how to counteract this problem. If I have a
vine that has a very high level of ammoniacal nitrogen, before flowering, after mooring, I
pinch off that vine, before the calyptra leaves, that is, before the flower opens, and I apply
a cytokinin, a hormone that promotes a better glue of the berries; if necessary, I repeat the
application of cytokinin, with 80% or 90% flowering; but the grapevine must continue to be
analyzed and up to a third application could be made when it is an extreme case. With this,
from what has been seen in practice, the over-thinning process is stopped.

Thanks to this technique, the losses would not be so great in the companies in the north?

In companies that apply this technique, losses will be minimal. Beta, for example, will not
have losses in patented grapes, thanks to this technique, everything will be saved, because
it was applied from the beginning.
2. Identifica las frases nominales y preposicionales, coloca el significado al español de
cada una. Subraya cada preposición.

3. Inglés y español. Crea una historia de máximo 10 líneas en la que utilices frases
nominales incluyendo preposiciones, esta frase debe ser única para cada alumno.
Coloca que indica cada una de las preposiciones que utilices. Incluye palabras del
diccionario personal.

4. Inglés y español. Con respecto a las profesiones vistas en clase, crea un texto
utilizando adecuadamente cada una de ellas, este texto debe estar basado en tu
centro de prácticas.
Por ejemplo: Trabajo en tal lugar, realizo tal actividad. Soy prácticante del fundo tal.
Mi jefe es ingeniero agrónomo, etc, etc. Texto de 10 líneas como mínimo.

september 2023