Ngkbolg Glc`kto D`l`k 1975-9528

1975-9528

W_OQOLLG D@K D@KT^B^_DBÔK OK GD^@Q DBVBL

Nbrbebn` gl= CBKBT^OQB@ Y_ALBD@
No lg pgrto quorollgkto= QOCONB@T A_OKNÃG
Qoprosoktgng p`r= LBDNGT. NGKBOLG GLC@K^O D@L@K
Yrovokbn`= YONQ@ DQOTYB
Gsukt`= W_OQOLLG R D@KT^B^_DB@K OK GD^@Q DBVBL

H`k`rgalo cgebstrgng=

Lg susdrbtg,
susdrbtg, so÷`rg QOCONB@T A_OKNBG, n`cbkbdgkg, cgy`r no ongn, trgagmgn`rg
so÷`rg
prbvgng, dgsgng, tbtulgr no lg dânulg no bnoktbngn y olodt`rgl kýcor` 947-4997>??-9,
n`cbdblbgng y rosbnokto ok lg dgllo Mugk Glã, kýcor` ?, nol sodt`r no Tgagkg Yornbng,
cukbdbpb` no Tgkt` N`cbke` K`rto, pr`vbkdbg no Tgkt` N`cbke`, qubok gdtýg ok
dglbn
dglbngn
gn no quo quorol
rollgk
lgkto,
to, y lg dug
dugll so okduo
okduoktr
ktrgg noabng
noabngcok
cokto
to ropros
roprosokt
oktgn
gngg p`r lgs
lbdokdbgngs Ngkbolg Glc`kto D`l`k y Cgaol Yo÷glag, n`cbkbdgkgs, cgy`ros no ongn,
tbtulgros no lgs dânulgs no bnoktbngn y olodt`rgl kýcor`s >91-1>?5?74-9 y >91-1?74688-
1, rospodtbvgcokto, ga`egngs
ga`egngs no l`s trbaukglos no lg Qopýalbdg N`cbkbdgkg y cbocar`s
gdtbv`s nol D`loeb` no Ga`egn`s d`k cgtrãdulgs vbeoktos kýcor`s 6?>4-928-14, y
6>41-928-?, rospodtbvgcokto,
rospodtbvgcokto, d`k ostunb` pr`fos
pr`fosb`kgl
b`kgl d`cýk gabort`
gabort` ok lg dgllo 76 no
no
ge`st`, kýcor` 7?9, no lg dbungn no Tgktb no l`s Dgagllor`s, pr`vbkdbg no Tgktbge` y
d`k n`cbdb
n`cbdblb`
lb` gn-h`d ok ol onbfbdb` Dgrbao, gpgrtgcokt` 197, no lg gvokbng Tbcôk
A`lãvgr osqubkg Mugk Tçkdhoz Qgcãroz, Nbstrbt` Kgdb`kgl, luegr n`kno so hg hodh`
f`rcgl oloddbôk no
no n`cbdblb` pgrg l`s fbkfbkos
os y d`ksoduokdbgs
d`ksoduokdbgs no lg prosokto quorollg y
d`kstbtudbôk ok gdt`r dbvbl , tboko g abok oxp`kor y s`lbdbtgr l` sbeubokto=
Bnoktbfbdgdbôk nol bcputgn`
YONQ@ DQOTYB, n`c n`cbkb
bkbdg
dgk`,
k`, cgy`r
cgy`r no ong
ongn,
n, tbt
tbtulg
ulgrr no lg dâ
dânul
nulgg no bno
bnoktb
ktbngn
ngn y
olodt`
olodt`rgl
rgl kýcor`
kýcor` 947
947-58
-5821?
21?65-
65-2,
2, n`cbdb
n`cbdblbg
lbgn`
n` y rosbno
rosbnokto
kto ok ol sodt`r
sodt`r no Tg
Tgagk
agkgg
Yornbng cukbdbpb` no Tgkt` N`cbke` K`rto, pr`vbkdbg no Tgkt` N`cbke`.

Qolgt` dbrdukstgkdbgn` nol hodh`

-Ok fodhg vobkto no cgy` nol g÷` n`s cbl vobktbuk` (19/9?/1917) glronon`r no lgs 6=49
no uk sçagn` p`r lg tgrno lg so÷`rg Qoconb`s Auoknãg sglbô no su `fbdbkg g lg dugl so
hgaãg nbrbebn` d`k ol pr`pôsbt` no gnolgktgr trgagm` poknbokto no lg socgkg. Gl sglbr no
 Ngkbolg Glc`kto D`l`k 1975-9528
1975-9528

lg `fbdbkg so pordgtg no quo, ok ol pgrquo` vgdã`, sbk ocagre`, so okd`ktrgag soktgn` ok

lg pgrto nolgktorg no su vohãdul` Yonr` Drospb, ocplogn` okdgregn` no vbeblgkdbg
noabngcokto ukbf`rcgn`, p`r l` quo lg so÷`rg Auoknãg k` lo pus` cudh` bktorâs y so
nbrbebô g su vohãdul`.
-Gl lloegr g su vohãdul` Yonr` Drospb lg gpukt` d`k ukg pbst`lg ^gur`, no 2CC, d`l`r
erbs, ostg, gsustgng lgkz` uk erbt` l` dugl nosokdgnok` ukg sorbo no gcokgzgs ok lgs
duglos gloegag quo sb k` so dgllgag lo poegrãg uk tbr` y quo ol so÷`r Drospb lo tgpgrg lg
a`dg d`k sus cgk`s, soeubn` no ost` lo pbnbô lgs llgvos nol vohãdul`, l` garbô y nosno lg
pgrto notrçs nol d`knudt`r, lo `rnok` quo suaborg gl gut`. _kg voz ok ol dgrr` d`ktbkýgk
lgs gcokgzgs, ostg voz gpuktgkn` g su dgaozg y gcokgzçkn`lg gnocçs d`k uk dudhbll`
quo lo d`l`d` ok ol r`str`. Y`storb`r g ost`, lo coto uk pg÷` sudb` ok lg a`dg.
-Luoe`, Yonr` Drospb sgdg uk dgalo algkd` no su a`lsbll` y lo nbdo quo so gduosto a`dg
gagm`, no l` d`ktrgrb` lo v`lgrãg l`s sos`s, sbk `trg `pdbôk, lg so÷`rg Auoknãg l` hgdo
cboktrgs su vbdtbcgrb` bktoktg agmgrlo l`s mogks gzulos quo llovgag oso nãg, must` ok oso
c`cokt` so ng duoktg quo lg puortg k` tokãg soeur`, so llokg no fuorzg y pgtog gl
vbdtbcgrb` y ocprokno lg hubng pbnbokn` guxblb` hgdbg lg gvokbng Q`aort` Ygst`rbzg.
-Ok uk`s bkstgktos Drospb l`erg gldgkzgr g lg vãdtbcg, g lg dugl bcpgdtg robtorgngs vodos
d`krgol osd
l`erg
l`e dudhbll`
osdgpgrsonokuo
gpgrso cosg
kuovgcyokto,
pr`pbdbg
vgcokt o, bkt e`lpos
bktokt` ok d`k
okt` su grcg
ol dug
dugl
l l`eno
rg fuoe`
l`erg lloegrr ostg
lloeg g lgs`rproknoktocokto
gv
gvokb
okbng
ng Q`aort
Q`aort``
Ygst`rbzg n`kno fuo guxblbgng p`r ol trgksoýkto Gurolbgk` M`sâ Cgrtãkoz y M`sâ Grdgnb`
Q`nrãeuoz, ok os`s bkstgktos Yonr` Drospb ocprokno g lg hubng, grr`mg ol dudhbll` y ol
dgalo hgdbg uk gpgrtgcokt` sbk ocagre` su mofo lo qubtg ol grcg y llgcg g lg p`lbdãg, lg
dugl l` grrost`.
-Ok d`ksoduokdbg, lg so÷`rg Qoconb` Auoknãg fuo h`spbtglbzgng p`r n`s socgkgs ok ol
H`spbt
H`s pbtgl
gl Nãgs
Nãgs Fol
Folbdo
bdoss bke
bkeros
rosgng
gng p`r 7? hor
horbng
bngss d`r
d`rt`p
t`pukz
ukzgkt
gktos
os,, 1 no lgs duglos
duglos
pokotrgr`k ol tôrgx y e`lpos d`ktus`s ok lg dgaozg quo lo pr`v`dgr`k ukg d`ktusbôk
doroargl.

C`tbv`s no lg quorollg
-Gtoknbn`= G quo ostgc`s frokto g ukg toktgtbvg no gsosbkgt` gtoknbokn`k l`s grtãdul`s
126 s`aro ol h`cbdbnb` d`cotbn` d`k proconbtgdbôk y gsodhgkz
gsodhgkzgg so d`ksbnorg gsosbkgt`,
125 s`aro lg proconbtgdbôk quo d`ksbsto ok ol nosbekb` f`rcgn` gktos no lg gddbôk, no
gtoktgr d`ktrg lg pors`kg no uk bknbvbnu` notorcbkgn y ol 128 quo ostgalodo quo lg
gsodhgkzg d`ksbsto ok osporgr, cçs ` cok`s tbocp`, ok uk` ` vgrb`s luegros, g uk
bknbvbnu` duglquborg, d`k ol fbk no ngrlo cuorto, ` no omordor d`ktrg âl gdt`s no
vb`lokdbg. Tbokn` ost`s dgrgdtorãstbd`s no lgs gddb`kos d`cotbngs p`r ol so÷`r Yonr`
Drospb hgdbg lg so÷`rg Qoconb`s Auoknãg.
-Gtoknbokn`= G quo ol grtbdul` 449 ostgalodo quo D`kstbtuyo ukg gerosbôk soxugl t`ng
gddbôk soxugl d`cotbng d`k vb`lokdbg, d`kstro÷bcbokt`, gcokgzg, s`rprosg, okeg÷`.
 Ngkbolg Glc`kto D`l`k 1975-9528
1975-9528

-Gto
Gtoknb
knbn`=
n`= G quo ol grtãdul` 492 nol Dônbe` Yokgl N`cbkbdgk`, pr`hãao bkforbrlo
e`lpos y horbngs v`luktgrbgcokto g ukg pors`kg y pr`v`dgrlo bcp`sbablbngnos pgrg
nosocpo÷gr sus lga`ros p`r cçs no vobkto nãgs, d`c` so gfbrcô quo d`cotbô ol
bcputgn` ok ol prosokto dgs`, y quo ost` fuo ol olocokt` dlgvo quo pr`v`dô ol ostgn`
gdtugl no lg h`y vbdtbcg Qoconb`s Auoknãg
-Gtoknbn`= G quo ol grtãdul` 492.7 nol cbsc` dônbe` ostgalodo quo d`kstbtuyo vb`lokdbg
d`ktrg lg cumor
dgusg ng÷` t`ng gddbôk
` sufrbcbokt` ` d`knudtg,
fãsbd`, soxugl `pýalbdg ` prbvgng,
sbd`lôebd` ok rgzôk
g lg cumor, no suoleâkor`,
conbgkto ocplo`quo
no
fuorzg fãsbdg ` vb`lokdbg sbd`lôebdg, voragl, bktbcbngdbôk ` porsodudbôk. Hodh` quo so
puono d`cpr`agr ok ol rolgt` no l`s cbsc`s y g trgvâs no l`s vbno`s no soeurbngn quo
dgptgk ol c`cokt` ok ol quo ol bcputgn` so gpr`vodhg no lg vulkorgablbngn no lg
vãdtbcg pgrg gtgdgrlg.
-Gtoknbn`= G quo ol grtãdul` Grt. 1 nol dônbe` pokgl ostgalodo quo “^`ng toktgtbvg no
drbcok p`nrç sor d`ksbnorgng d`c` ol cbsc` drbcok, dugkn` so cgkbfbosto d`k uk
prbkdbpb` no omodudbôk,
omodudbôk, ` dugkn` ol dulpgalo,
dulpgalo, g posgr no hgaor hodh` dugkt`
dugkt` ostgag no su
pgrto pgrg d`ksucgrl`, k` l`erg su pr`pôsbt` p`r dgusgs bknopoknboktos no su v`luktgn,
quongkn` ostgs dbrdukstgkdbgs sumotgs g lg gprodbgdbôk no l`s muodos–. Ostgkn` okt`kdos
prosoktos gkto lg toktgtbvg
toktgtbvg no ukg vb`lgdbôk quo sufrbô lg h`y vbdtbcg
vbdtbcg Qoconb`s Auoknãg
l` dugl d`kstg ok ol rolgt` no l`s hodh`s.
-Gto
Gtoknb
knbn`=
n`= G quo ol pçrrgf` BB nol cokdb`kgn` dônbe` ok ol grtãdul` 49? s`aro lgs
gcokgzgs ostgalodo
ostgalodo quo dugkn` ostg so hbdboro no cgkorg voragl o bcp`keg d`knbdbôk —
oktro `tr`s- sorç dgstbegng. L` dugl so d`cpruoag ok ol rolgt` no l`s hodh`s d`c` ok
t`n` c`cokt` ol bcputgn` gcokgzgag g lg vãdtbcg g d`knbdbôk no nomgrlg vbvbr sbocpro
y dugkn` k` lo nos`aonodborg.
-Gtoknbn`= G quo ol grtãdul` 8? nol Dônbe` Yr`dosgl Yokgl n`cbkbdgk` bknbdg quo “lg
vãdtbcg ` su roprosoktgkto loegl puono d`kstbtubrso d`c` quorollgkto, pr`c`vor lg
gddbôk pokgl y gdusgr d`kmuktgcokto d`k ol cbkbstorb` pýalbd` ok l`s târcbk`s y lgs
ostgalodbngs ok osto dônbe`–.
d`knbdb`kos ostgalodbngs

-G
-Gto
tokn
knbn
bn`=
“Duglqubor`= hodh`
G quonoll`sh`caro
grtãdul`s 7481, 7484 y 748> no kuostr` Dônbe` Dbvbl nbdok
quo dgusg g `tr` uk ng÷`, `albeg g gquol p`r duyg dulpg
sudonbô, g ropgrgrl`–, “Dgng dugl os rosp`ksgalo nol pormubdb` quo hg dgusgn`, k`
s`lgcokto p`r uk hodh` suy`, sbk` tgcabâk p`r su koelbeokdbg ` su bcprunokdbg– y p`r
ýltbc` “K` s`lgcokto os uk` rosp`ksgalo nol ng÷` quo dgusg uk hodh` suy`, sbk`
tgcabâk nol quo so dgusg p`r hodh`s no lgs pors`kgs no qubokos so noao rosp`knor, ` no
lgs d`sgs quo ostçk agm` su dubngn`. Z...S–.
-Gtokn
-Gtoknbn
bn`=
`= G quo os ok agso g t`n` l` gktorb`r quo so÷glgc`s quo lg ocprosg
“GAT^OQE@ D@QY@QG^B@K– hg d`cpr`cotbn` su rosp`ksgablbngn dbvbl, puos su
bk`asorvgkdbg, hg dgusgn` bkkucorgalos ng÷`s ok pormubdb` no lg vãdtbcg, l`s duglos
noaok sor ropgrgn`s.
 Ngkbolg Glc`kto D`l`k 1975-9528
1975-9528

Yruoags
Yruoags porbdbglos=

- @rbebkgl nol bkf`rco cânbd` ocbtbn` p`r ol n`dt`r Mulb` Dâsgr Yorn`c` ok fodhg
vobktbuk` (17) no cgy` no l`s n`s cbl vobktbuk`s ok ol çrog no ocoreokdbg nol
H`spbtgl Nãgs Folbdos y n`kno d`kstgk lgs horbngs y d`ktusb`kos quo sufrbô lg
so÷`rg Auoknãg.
- @rbebkgl nolH`spbtgl
coktgl nol bkf`rcoNãgs
Ysbd`lôebd`
Folbdos okocbtbn` p`r ol(9?)
fodhg dbkd` nopgrtgcokt`
nol cos nono `rboktgdbôk
cgy` nol g÷`
n`s cbl vobktbuk` 1917, n`kno d`kstgk l`s trgucgs quo ol sudos` hg nomgn` g lg
so÷`rg Auoknãg.

Yruoags n`ducoktglo
n`ducoktglos=
s=

- D`pbgs
D`pbgs f`t`s
f`t`stçt
tçtbdg
bdgss g d`l`r no lgs
lgs bcçe
bcçeok
okos
os dgptgn
dgptgngs
gs p`r lg dçcg
dçcgrg
rg nol pg
pgrqu
rquo`
o`
no lg `fbdbkg
`fbdbkg “Auo
“Auoknãg
knãg D`ktgn`ros-Gu
D`ktgn`ros-Gunbt`r
nbt`ros–
os– n`kno os dgpt
dgptgn`
gn` no nbvorsgs
nbvorsgs
f`rcgs ol so÷`r Yonr` Drospb Gsodhgkn` y p`storb`rcokto ultbcgkn`, e`lpogkn`
y f`rdomogkn` d`k lg so÷`rg Auoknãg.

- D`pbg
D`pbg no
noll vbno`
vbno` qquo
uo eerga`
rga` Colqubgno
Colqubgnoss Yâroz
Yâroz nosno
nosno su agldô
agldôkk ok ol c`cokt
c`cokt`` quo
lg so÷`rg Auoknãg org porsoeubng, ultbcgng y geronbng p`r ol bcputgn`.
- Gdtg no bkspoddbôk no luegros pýalbd`s n`kno d`kstg ol dudhbll` no cosg d`l`r
erbs no l`kebtunos 5 dc no lgre` y 1 dc no gkdh`, y dgalo algkd` no 49
doktãcotr`s no lgre` d`k ol dugl so pr`pbkgr`k nbvorsgs ost`dgngs o bktokt`
gcgrrgr g lg vãdtbcg.

- Gdtg no Grrost` Flgergkto n`kno d`kstg quo ol bcputgn` so÷`r Yonr` Drospb fuo
grrostgn` trgs d`cotor l`s hodh`s.

Yruoags tostbc`kbglos=

- ^ostbc`kb` nol so÷`r GCGQGK^G AOKGVBNOT , n`cbkbdgk`, cgy`r no ongn,

d`cordbgkto,
n`cbdblbgn` ytbtulgr no lgokdânulg
rosbnokto no bnoktbngn
lg gvokbng Lbkd`lkydgsb
olodt`rgl kýcor`
osqubkg 997-968-5>8-6,
Q`aort` Ygst`rbzg no
lg dbungn no Tgkt` N`cbke` no Euzcçk, Nbstrbt` Kgdb`kgl qubok d`c` tostbe`
prosokdbgl protoknor
protoknor rolgtgr dôc` ``durrbor`k
durrbor`k l`s hodh`s.
hodh`s.

- ^ostb
^ostbc`k
c`kb`
b` no lg so÷`r
so÷`rgg COL
COLW_Ã
W_ÃGNO
GNOT T YÂQ
YÂQO],
O], n`
n`cbk
cbkbdg
bdgk`,
k`, cgy`
cgy`rr no ongn,
ongn,
ocplogn` prbvgn`, tbtulgr no lg dânulg no bnoktbngn y olodt`rgl kýcor` 997-928-
54>-6,
54> -6, n`cbdb
n`cbdblbg
lbgng
ng y rosbno
rosbnokto
kto ok lg gv
gvokb
okbng
ng Lbkd`l
Lbkd`lkk dg
dgsb
sb osqubk
osqubkgg Q`aort
Q`aort``
Ygst`rbzg no lg dbungn no Tgkt` N`cbke` no Euzcçk, Nbstrbt` Kgdb`kgl qubok
protokno d`c`
d`c` tostbe` rolgtgr d`c` `durrbor`k l`s hod
hodh`s.
h`s.
- ^ost
^ostbc
bc`k
`kb`
b` nol
nol so÷`
so÷`rr Gu
Guro
rolb
lbgk
gk`` M`
M`sâ
sâ Cgrt
Cgrtãk
ãkoz
oz n`
n`cb
cbkb
kbdg
dgk`
k`,, cgy`
cgy`rr no ongn,
ongn,
ocplogn` prbvgn`, tbtulgr no lg dânulg no bnoktbngn y olodt`rgl kýcor` 997-9?8-
?67-2,
?67-2, n`cbdb
n`cbdblbg
lbgng
ng y rosbno
rosbnokto
kto ok lg gv
gvokb
okbng
ng Lbkd`l
Lbkd`lkk dg
dgsb
sb osqubk
osqubkgg Q`aort
Q`aort``
Ygst`rbzg no lg dbungn no Tgkt` N`cbke` no Euzcçk, Nbstrbt` Kgdb`kgl qubok
 Ngkbolg Glc`kto D`l`k 1975-9528
1975-9528

protokno d`c` tostbe` rolgtgr d`c` so okd`ktrgag lg vbdtbcg gl c`cokt` no quo

fuo s`d`rrbng.
Yotbt`rb`
Y`r l`s olocokt`s fçdtbd`s y murãnbd`s oxpuost`s, y l`s quo so s`cotorçk g d`ksbnorgdbôk
nol trb
trbauk
aukgl
gl `p`rtu
`p`rtukgc
kgcokt
okto,
o, lg so÷`r
so÷`rgg Qoconb
Qoconb`s`s Auoknã
Auoknãgg p`r bktorc
bktorconb
onb`` no sus
ga`egn`s, rgtbfbdg lg bktorp`sbdbôk no su quorollg d`ktrg ol so÷`r Yonr` Drospb, p`r
vb`lgdbôk g l`s grtãdul`s 492 y 492 kucorgl 7, grtbdul` 1, y pçrrgf` BB 49? Nol dônbe`
Yokgl no lg Qopualbdg N`cbkbdgkg.
YQBCOQ@= Wuo, ok dugkt` g lg f`rcg, sog gd`ebng lg prosokto quorollg ok d`ktrg nol
bcputgn` Yonr` Drospb p`r hgaor sbn` bktorpuostg soeýk lgs k`rcgs pr`dosglos vbeoktos:
TOE_KN@= Wuo, ok dugkt` gl f`kn`, sog gd`ebng ok t`ngs sus pgrtos lg prosokto
qu
quor
orol
ollg
lg y d`ks
d`kstb
tbtu
tudb
dbôk
ôk ok gdt`
gdt`rr dbvb
dbvbl,
l, gl ostg
ostgrr ro
rouk
ukbn
bn`s
`s t`
t`n`
n`ss y dg
dgng
ng uk
uk`` no l`
l`ss
olocokt`s no pr`agt`rb`s gl beugl quo lgs agsos loeglos quo bkdrbcbkgk gl so÷`r Yonr`
Drospb ok lg d`cbsbôk no l`s hodh`s:
^OQDOQ@= Wuo sogk gncbtbngs lgs pruoags prosoktgngs, gl hgaor sbn` noabngcokto
bkd`rp`rgngs.
D_GQ^@= Wuo duglqubor nodbsbôk quo rospodt` nol prosokto oxponbokto so fuorg g
t`cgr, k`s sog provbgcokto k`tbfbdgn` ok grgs no egrgktbzgr ol norodh` g lg nofoksg.

Ok ol cukbdbpb` no Tgkt` N`cbke` K`rto, pr`vbkdbg no Tgkt` N`cbke`, g l`s vobkto

(19) nãgs nol cos no mukb` nol g÷` n`s cbl vobktbuk` (1917).

Lbdokdbgng Ngkbolg Glc`kto

Ga`egng gp`norgng