1. Sonlar……………...……………………………… .… .……...

4
2. Bo’linish nazariyasi ………………… ………….....…....…5–8
3. Oddiy kasrlar………………………………….….....……..…11
4. O’nli kasrlar……………………… …………….…… ……...14
5. Birhad va ko’phad (Paskal uchburchagi)… . ….…...……. ….....16
6. Daraja va uning xossalari……………… ..……….....… …….17
7. Qisqa ko’paytirish formulalari ….……… ……….… ……….17
8. Nyuton binomi, Bezu teoremasi …………………. ………....19
9. Algebraik kasrlar…………………...……………..…. ……...21
10. Foiz……………………………………………….………….22
11. Tenglamalar……………………………………….……...….25
12. Kompleks sonlar………………………………….….…...….28
13. Koordinatalar sistemasi.…………… ……… ....….…....……29
14. Chiziqli funksiya……………………… …. …… .……..…..30
15. Murakkab funksiyalar………………… ……….………..…..33
16. Sonli tengsizliklar……………………… …….………… .....34
17. Chiziqli tengsizliklar……………………… ………………...35
18. Kvadrat tenglama ………………………… ………….……..37
19. Kvadrat funksiya………………………… …….…………....41
20. Oraliqlar usuli……………………………. ..………………..46
21. Ikki o’zgaruvchili chiziqli tenglama………… … …………..48
22. Modul…………………… ………… ……… … …………..49
23. Kasr chiziqli funksiya………………………………....……..53
24. Kasr ko’rinishli daraja…………………….………….… .….56
25. Arifmetik progressiya…………………...………….….…. ...59
26. Goemetrik progressiya ……………………… ……..……….62
27. Ko’rsatkichli funksiya………………………… …….………64
28. Logarifm…………………………………… ……..…..…….67
29. Teskari funksiyalar………… …………… ……… .....……..71
30. Trigonometriya……………………………………..…….….72
31. Trigonometrik formulalar ………………………..…….……75
32. Teskari trigonometrik funksiyalar………………. …….……78
33. Trigonometrik tenglamalar…………………………. ………83
34. Trigonometrik tenglamalarni yechish usullari ………… .......85
35. Trigonometrik tengsizliklar ………………………….… … ..88
36. Trigonometrik funksiyalar………………… …… ….………92
37. Trigonometrik funksiyalarning A.S va Q.S….… .. … …….96

F.O’ROQOV +99899.014.65.61 2
 38. Kompleks sonlar………………………………… …....…….99
39. Hosila…………………………………………… …...…… 100
40. Hosilaning qo’llanilishi…………………………… ….…...104
41. Boshlang’ich funksiya……………………………… ……..119
42. Integral…………………………………………..……. ...…121
43. Bo’laklab integrallash…………………………..…. . ….…124
44. To’plamlar……………………………………………….…125
45. Kombinatorika………………………………………….…..128
46. Ehtimollar nazariyasi ……………………………………....132
47. Ma’lumotlar tahlili ………………………………….……...136
48.Maxsus yo’l bilan yechiladigan misollar ……….… …… . ..137

49.Geometrik asosiy tushunchalar……… ………… .…..….. 153

50.Burchaklar …………………………………… ….…..….. 155
51.Uchburchaklar..… ………………… …… … …….…...… 156
52.To’g’ri burchakli uchburchak . …… ……… ….… .… ...… 159
53.O’xshashliklar. ……………………..………………......…..161
54.Uchburchaklar yuzi . …………………..……….…………..164
55.To’rtburchaklar. ……………………………..………..……166
56.Ko’pburchaklar………………………….…..…….……… .170
57.Aylana. ……… ………………………….………..…..……172
58.Ko’pburchak va aylana . ………………………...…….….. 175
59.Fazo koordinata sistemasi. …………………...…… ………178
60.Vektorlar. ……………… …………………………...….… 182
61.Stereometriya. ………… ………………………...…….… 185
62.Prizma. …………………… ……………………… .. ….… 187
63.Piramida. ………………………… ………………… ….….189
64.Silindr va konus. ………… ……… …………………….….191
65.Shar va sfera. ……………………………………..……...…194
66. Hosila yordamida yechiladigan masalalar… ……… . …….196

F.O’ROQOV +99899.014.65.61 3
 S O N L A R .

1. Koordinata to'g'ri chizig’i.

2. Musbat va manfiy sonlar.
3. Qarama-qarshi sonlar.
4. Sonning moduli.
5. Sonlarni taqqoslash.
6. Nuqtaning koordinatasi.
7. Bir xil ishorali sonlarni qo’shish.
8. Har xil ishorali sonlarni qo’shish.
9. Bir xil ishorali sonlarni ko’paytirish.
10. Har xil ishorali sonlarni ko’paytirish.

1. Biror to'g'ri chiziqda bir xil uzunlikdagi kesmachalar, nol va  1,  2,  3,... kabi sonlar belgilangan bo’lsa, bu to'g'ri chiziqqa
koordinata to'g'ri chizig’i deyiladi.
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
2. Koordinata boshida nol, undan chap tomonda manfiy sonlar (-1,-2,-3,…), o’ng tomonda musbat sonlar (1,2,3,…) bo’ladi.
Sonlar raqamlardan tuzilgan bo’ladi. M: 0,2,6 raqamlaridan 260,206,602,620 sonlarini hosil qilish mumkin. Raqamlar 2 xil bo’ladi:
a) Arab raqamlari – 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
1) Natural sonlar – sanashda ishlatiladigan sonlar: 1,2,3,4,5,… va hokazo. Ular N harfi bilan belgilanadi. 2 ga bo’linadigan sonlar
juft sonlar deyiladi. Qolgan sonlar toq sonlar deyiladi. Manfiy sonlar uchun juft-toqlik tushunchalari ishlatilmaydi. Nol (0) soni juft
son hisoblanadi.
2) Butun sonlar – 0,  1,  2,  3,  4... Ular Z harfi bilan belgilanadi.
3) Ratsional sonlar – m ko’rinishidagi qisqarmas kasr sonlar (bunda m  Z, n  N ): 1 ; 3 ;  6 ; 0, (6)...
n 2 5 7
4) Irratsional sonlar – 2; 5 ;  ; e...
b) Rim raqamlari – I – bir, V – besh, X – o’n, L – ellik, C – yuz, D – 500, M – 1000, V  5000 , X  10000 , L  50000 ,
C  100 .000, D  500 .000, M  1000 .000 Katta sondan oldin kichik son turgan bo’lsa ular ayriladi; katta sondan keyin kichik
son turgan bo’lsa ular qo’shiladi. Ayriladigan son 10 ning darajalari bo’lishi kerak, ya’ni I, X, C, M, … M: XL–40, XC–90,
CXL–140, CM–900, MCM–1900, M V  4000, M X  9000, CDM V  404000 .
M: IV–4, IX–9, XL–40, XCIX– 99, CD–400, XIV–14, XLI–41, VII–7, LXXXIV–84, CLX–160, CCXCVIII–298,
MMCCCXCI–2391, 14821 – XMV DCCCXXI , 601050 – DCML , CCXXI+MCCCVIII=MDXXIX (221+1308=1529)
Bular xato: CCCC–400, IC–99, XXC–80, IIL–48, VC–95, IXL–39, IMM–1999, IV  4000, LXII  6200 0 , ID – 499
Bular to’g’risi: CD–400, XCIX–99, LXXX–80, XLVIII–48, XCV–95, XXXIX–39, MCMXCIX–1999, MV  4000, LX MM  62000
3. Koordinata boshidan bir xil uzoqlikda joylashgan ikkita sonlar qarama-qarshi sonlar deyiladi. –2 va 2; –15 va 15. Qarama-
qarshi sonlar faqat ishorasi bilan farq qiladi. Qarama-qarshi sonlar yig’indisi nolga teng. –2+2=0, 15+(–15)=0
4. a sonining moduli deb (absolyut qiymati deb) – shu sondan koordinata boshigacha bo’lgan masofaga aytiladi va |a| kabi
belgilanadi. |2|=2; |–7|=7 Moduldan tashqariga har doim musbat son chiqadi.
5. Koordinata to'g'ri chizig’ida o’ng tomonda joylashgan son katta bo’ladi. 5<6, –13<–3, 1>–100 A A
6. Koordinata to'g'ri chizig’ida nuqtaga mos keluvchi son shu nuqtaning koordinatasi deyiladi. -3 0 1 2
M: A(–3) nuqtani 5 birlik o’ngga sursak qanday nuqta hosil bo’ladi. J: A (2)
7. Ikkita bir xil ishorali sonlarni qo’shishda – ularning modullarini qo’shib, natijaning oldiga shu sonlarning ishorasini qo’yamiz.
M: 2+7= 9, –8+(–20)= –28, –2–7= –2+(–7)= –9, –7–6= –13, –8–7–6= –15–6= –21.
8. Ikkita har xil ishorali sonlarni qo’shishda – ularning kattasidan kichigini ayirib, natijaning oldiga shu sonlardan kattasining
ishorasini qo’yamiz. –8+6= –2, –6+8=2, –6+10=4, 6–10=6+(–10)= –4, 17+(–4)=13, 6–21= 6+(–21)= –15, –9+2–3=–7–3=–10
ESLATMA: har qanday sonni nolga ko’paytirsak javob nol bo’ladi. M: 5∙0=0, –45∙0=0, 5∙125∙14∙0=0
Nolni har qanday songa bo’lsak nol, lekin sonni nolga bo’lish mumkin emas. M: 0:8=0, 0:(–13)=0, 23:0= O  bu xato
9. Ikkita bir xil ishorali sonlarni ko’paytirishda yoki bo’lishda: amal bajariladi, natija musbat bo’ladi, ya’ni natija oldiga hech qanday
ishora qo’yilmaydi. M: 2∙3=6, –4∙(–7)=28, –12:( –2)=6
10. Ikkita har xil ishorali sonlarni ko’paytirishda yoki bo’lishda: amal bajariladi, natija manfiy bo’ladi, ya’ni natija oldiga “–”
ishorasi qo’yiladi. M: 2∙(–3)= –6, –16:1= –16, –3∙(4)= –12 10:( –10)= –1
ESLATMA: har xil ishorali bir nechta sonlarni ko’paytirishda yoki bo’lishda: undagi “–” li (manfiy) sonlarni sanaymiz. Agar ular
soni toq bo’lsa, natija manfiy; agar ular soni juft bo’lsa, natija musbat bo’ladi. M: –6∙2:4∙(–1)∙(–2)= –6 (manfiylar soni 3ta)
–6∙(–2):4∙(–1)∙(–2)= 6 (manfiylar soni 4ta)
ESLATMA: agar qavs oldida “+” ishorasi turgan bo’lsa, qavsni tashlab yuborganda, qavs ichidagi sonlar ishorasi o’zgarmaydi. Agar
“–” ishorasi turgan bo’lsa, qavsni tashlab yuborganda, qavs ichidagi sonlar ishorasi qarama-qarshisiga o’zgaradi.
F.O’ROQOV +99899.014.65.61 4
 +(+a) = +a, +(–a) = –a. M: +(+3) = +3, 8+(15–6)=8+15–6=17, –6+(–10+3) = –6–10+3= –13
 –(+a) = –a, –(–a) = +a. M: –(a+b–c) = –a–b+с –(6–10) = –6+10=4, 2–(8+6–2) = 2–8–6+2= –10
M: ((–3)∙(–4)–(+5))∙((–8)–(+2)∙(–6))=(12–5)∙(–8–(–12))=7∙(–8+12)=7∙4=28 M: –(–8):(3+(–5))=8:(3–5)=8:(–2)= –4
M: 1–(1–(1–…(1–1))) ni hisoblang. Bu yerda birlar soni 2021 ta. Yechish: Ifodani soddalashtirishni eng ichkaridagi qavs ichidan
boshlaymiz. Agar ikkita bir bo’lsa: (1–1)=0; agar uchta bir b-sa: 1–(1–1)=1; agar 4ta bir b-sa: 1–(1–(1–1)=1–(1–0)=0; Demak birlar
soni toqta bo’lsa javob 1 bo’ladi, juftta bo’lsa 0 bo’lasi. Misol shartida 2021 ta bir deyilgani uchun Javob: 1
7+3=10 bunda, 7 – birinchi qo’shiluvchi, 3 – ikkinchi qo’shiluvchi, 10 – yig’indi;
7–3=4 bunda, 7 – kamayuvchi, 3 – ayriluvchi, 4 – ayirma;
7∙3=21 bunda, 7 – ko’payuvchi, 3 – ko’paytuvchi, 21 – ko’paytma;
23:3=7 va (2). bunda, 23 – bo’linuvchi, 3 – bo’luvchi, 7 – bo’linma, 2 – qoldiq; Tek: 23=3∙7+2
Tenglik qoldiqli bo’lishni ifodalashi uchun – qoldiq yig’indi tarzida bo’lishi kerak va qoldiq bo’luvchidan kichik bo’lishi kerak.
M: 32=5∙6+2, 32=3∙10+2 bular to’g’ri tenglik. M: 32=6∙6–4 bu xato, sababi 4 ayrilyapti, M: 32=3∙9+5 bu xato, sababi 3 soni 5 dan
kichik. 32 ni 3 ga bo’lsak 9 martayu 5 qoldiq deyapti, aslida 10 martayu 2 qoldiq bo’lishi kerak.
ESLATMA: kichik sonni katta songa bo’lganda bo’linma nol (0) ga teng bo’ladi. M: 7:12=0 va (7) Tek: 7 = 12∙ 0+7
2b  c
Misollar:1) a, b, c ketma-ket toq sonlar bo’lsa, a  ? Yechish: biror toq sondan keyingi toq sonni hosil qilish uchun unga
2 ni qo’shish kerak. Undan ham keyingi toq sonni hosil qilish uchun 4 ni qo’shish kerak. M: 11 dan keying toq sonlar 13 va 15.
13  11  2, 15  11  4. M  n : a  3, b  5, c7
?
2(x  2)  (x  4) x
 1
a = x; b = x + 2; c = x + 4 x x
M: x natural son bo’lib 7x+4 juft son bo’lsa, quyidagilardan qaysi biri toq? A. x+2 B. x3+2 C. 3x+3 D. x3–x E. x3+x
Shartga ko’ra 7x+4 ifoda juft son bo’lishi uchun x albatta juft son bo’lishi kerak, masalan x=2,4,6,… (Agar x ning o’rniga toq son
qo’ysak 7x+4 ifoda ham toq bo’lib qoladi.) Berilgan javoblardan faqat 3x+3 ga juft sonlarni qo’ysak toq son hosil bo’ladi. J: (C)
.

M: A=1∙5+2∙10+3∙15+…+20∙100 va B=1∙4+2∙9+3∙14+…+20∙99 bo’lsa, A soni B dan qancha ko’p?

A= 5+20+45+80+…+2000 A–B=(5–4)+(20–18)+(45–42)+…=1+2+3+4+…+19+20=210 (1 dan 20 gacha 20 ta son bo’lib,
B= 4+18+42+76+…+1980 har ikkita son 21 ni beradi: (1+20)+(2+19)+(3+18)+…= 21∙10=210 J: 210
.

M: a=b2, b>c bo’lsa abc shaklida nechta bir-biridan faqli uch xonali son yozish munkin? Yechish: a soni b ning kvadrati ekan.
b teng bo'la oladi1,2,3 ga; a  1, b  1, c  0 a  4, b  2, c  0; 1 a  9, b  3, c  0; 1; 2
a teng bo'ladi 1,4,9 ga. 110 420, 421 930, 931, 932, J: 6 ta
( b ning o’rniga 3 dan katta sonlarni qo’yolmaymiz . Agar 4, 5, 6 … larni qo’ysak, ularning kvadrati a ikki xonali son bo’lib, abc to’rt
xonali songa aylanib qoladi.)
M: 27048∙27044–27047∙27043 ni hisoblang. Yechish: eng kichigini 27043=a deb belgilaymiz. 27048=a+5, 27044=a+1,…
(a+5)∙(a+1) – (a+4)∙(a) = a 2+5a + a +5– a 2–4 a =2a+5, 2∙ 27043+5=54091
2 3 3
M: 2016(2017∙2018+1) ni soddalashtiring. Yechish: 2017=a, (a–1)∙(a∙(a+1)+1)= (a–1)∙(a +a+1)= a –1= 2017 –1

BO’LINISH NAZARIYASI.

1. Tub va murakkab sonlar.

2. O’zaro tub sonlar.
3. Sonni tub ko’paytuvchilarga yoyish.
4. Sonning natural bo’luvchilari sonini (NBS) topish.
5. Umumiy bo’luvchilar va EKUB.
6. Sonning natural bo’luvchilari yig’indisini (NBY) topish.
7. Sonning bo’linish alomatlari.

1. Agar son faqat ikkita bo’luvchiga ega bo’lsa, ya’ni son o’ziga va birga bo’linsa, bu songa tub son deyiladi. Eng kichik tub son 2,
kattasi mavjud emas. M: 5, 7, 11, 23, 41,… (1 soni tub ham emas, murakkab ham emas). Biror sondan katta bo’lmagan tub sonlar
jadvalini tuzishga Eratosfen g’alviri deyiladi. M: 6–sinf matematika darslik kitobining orqasida 1 dan 1000 gacha bo’lgan tub sonlar
jadvali keltirilgan.
F.O’ROQOV +99899.014.65.61 5
 Agar sonning bo’luvchilari ikkitadan ortiq bo’lsa, murakkab son deyiladi. M: 4, 15, 20, 100,... Har qanday sonning eng kichik
bo’luvchisi bir, eng kattasi o’sha sonning o’zi. a sonining tub yoki tub emasligini aniqlash uchun a  taxminan qaysi songa teng
bo’lsa, a sonini shu songacha bo’lgan tub sonlarga bo’lib borish kerak. Agar birorta ham songa bo’linmasa, demak a tub son.
M: 4903 sonini tub yoki tub emasligini aniqlash uchun uni qanday eng katta tub songacha bo’lib borish kerak. 4903  70,1
70,1 dan oldingi tub son 67. Demak, 4903 sonini tub yoki tub emasligini aniqlash uchun uni 2,3,5,7,11,13,17,…67 kabilarga birma bir
bo’lib ko’rish kerak. J: 67
2. Agar ikkita tub son bir–biridan faqat ikkiga farq qilsa egizak tub sonlar deyiladi. M: 5 va 7; 11 va 13; 29 va 31... (2 va 3 sonlari
egizak tub sonlar emas.) Agar sonlar qisqarmas bo’lsa, ya’ni ularning EKUBi birga teng bo’lsa, bu sonlar o’zaro tub sonlar deyiladi.
M: 5 va 9, 16 va 41, 7 va 23, 12 va 25… (14 va 21 sonlari o’zaro tub sonlar emas, ular 7 ga bo’linadi)
3. Har qanday sonni (A) faqat bir xil usulda tub ko’paytuvchilarga yoyish mumkin. Bu uning kanonik yoyilmasi (kanonik
ko’rinishi) ham deyiladi. A  m  n  k  ... bunda m, n, k lar tub sonlar, ,  ,  ularning daraja ko’rsatkichlari. M: 72=23∙32
4. Sonning natural bo’luvchilari sonini (NBS) topish uchun: 1) sonni tub ko’paytuvchilarga ajratib, kanonik ko’rinishda yozamiz.
2) daraja ko’rsatkichlariga birni qo’shib ko’paytma tuzamiz, natija NBS ni beradi. 75=1,3,5,15,25,75 bular 75 ning natural
bo’luvchilari soni–6 ta.
75 3 75=31∙52 300 2 300=22∙31∙52
25 5 (1+1)∙(2+1)=6 ta. 150 2 (2+1)∙(1+1)∙(2+1)=18 Bu 300 soni 18 ta songa bo’linadi degani.
5 5 75 3
1 25 5 ESLATMA: eng ko’p bo’luvchiga ega son bu – nol.
5 5
1
 Sonning juft natural bo’luvchilari sonini topish uchun: 1) sonni tub ko’paytuvchilarga ajratib, kanonik ko’rinishda yozamiz.
2) ikkining darajasidagi songa birni qo’shmaymiz, qolgan tub sonlarning daraja ko’rsatkichlariga birni qo’shib ko’paytma tuzamiz.
3 1
M: 24=2 ∙3 , juft bo’luvchilari 2,4,6,8,12,24 – 6ta. 3∙(1+1)=6
2 3
M: 60=2 ∙3∙5 , juft bo’luvchilari 2,4,6,10,12,20,30,60 – 8ta. 2∙(1+1)(1+1)=8 M: 8=2 , juft bo’luvchilari 2,4,8 – 3ta.

NBS
 A sonning natural bo’luvchilari ko’paytmasini (NBK) topish formulasi: NBK  A 2 M: 9 sonining bo’luvchilari ko’payt-
3 6
masi 1∙3∙9=27 NBS(9)=3ta, 92  27 M: 12 ning bo’luvchilari ko’paytmasi 1∙2∙3∙4∙6∙12=1728, NBS(12)=6ta, 12 2  123  1728 .

5. a va b sonlarining har biri с ga bo’linsa, с ularning umumiy bo’luvchisi (UB) deyiladi. M: UB(a;b)=с UB(24;36)=1,2,3,4,6,12.
Jami umumiy bo’luvchilari soni (UBS) – 6 ta. Umumiy bo’luvchilarning eng kattasi EKUB deyiladi.
M: EKUB(24;36)=12. EKUB(10;30)=10. EKUB(15;16)=1
EKUB quyidagicha topiladi: sonlar tub ko’paytuvchilarga yoyiladi, yoyilmalardagi umumiy tub ko’paytuvchilarni (ya’ni barchasida
bor bo’lgan bir xil tub sonlarni) kichik darajalilarini olib ko’paytma tuzamiz. Natija EKUB ni beradi.

24 2 60 2 24=2 3∙31 250 2 450 2

2100 2 250=2∙5 3
12 2 30 2 60=22∙31∙51 125 5 225 3
1050 2 450=2∙3 2∙52
6 2 15 3 EKUB(24;60)=22∙31=12 25 5 75 3525 3 2100=2 2∙3∙52∙7
3 3 5 5 5 5 25 52
175 5 EKUB(250;450;2100)=2 1∙52=50
1 1 1 1 35 5
7 7
1
Yevklid algoritmi – bu usulda katta sonni kichik songa bo’lamiz, bo’luvchini qoldiqqa bo’lamiz, yangi bo’luvchini yangi qoldiqqa
bo’lamiz,… va hokazo. Toki qoldiq nol bo’lguncha ishni davom ettiramiz. Nolga teng bo’lmagan oxirgi qoldiq EKUB hisoblanadi.
EKUB(108;45)=9 108 45 EKUB(60;24)=12 60 24
90 2 48 2
45 18 24 12
36 2 24 2
18 9 0
18 2
0
m 1 n 1 k 1
6. Sonning natural bo’luvchilari yig’indisini topish formulasi: NBY  a  1  b  1  c  1 ...
a 1 b 1 c 1
M: 450 sonining natural bo’luvchilari yig’indisini topamiz. 1
450=2 ∙3 ∙52 2 211  1  321  1  521  1  3  13  31  1209
2 1 3 1 5 1
231  1  531  1  15  156  2340
M: 1000 sonining tub bo’lmagan natural bo’luvchilari yig’indisini toping. 1000=2 3∙53
2 1 5 1
Misol shartida tub bo’lmagan degani uchun jamidan tublarni ayirib tashlaymiz. 2340–2–5=2333 J: 2333

F.O’ROQOV +99899.014.65.61 6
ESLATMA: ikki va undan ortiq sonning umumiy bo’luvchilari sonini (UBS) topish degani – ular EKUBining natural bo’luvchilari
sonini topish kerak degani. Ikki va undan ortiq sonning umumiy bo’luvchilari yig’indisini (UBY) topish degani – ular EKUBining
natural bo’luvchilari yig’indisini topish kerak degani.
M: UBS(24;60)=? Yechish: UB(24;60)=1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 – bular 24 va 60 ning umumiy bo’luvchilari, jami 6 ta.
Yoki eslatmaga asosan, EKUB(24;60) =12 =22∙31 UBS(24;60)= NBS(12) =(2+1)∙(1+1)=6 ta.
7. Sonning bo’linish alomatlari:
1) oxirgi raqami 0,2,4,6,8 bilan tugagan sonlar 2 ga qoldiqsiz bo’linadi. M: 14 2 , 2250 2 , 5648. (   bu qoldiqsiz bo’linish belgisi.)
2) agar sonning raqamlari yig’indisi 3ga bo’linsa, o’sha sonning o’zi ham 3ga bo’linadi. M: 73215 7+3+2+1+5=18 73215:3=26405
3) oxirgi raqami ikkita nol bilan tugagan yoki oxirgi ikkita raqami 4ga bo’lingan sonlar 4ga qoldiqsiz bo’linadi. M: 100, 58400, 7448
4) oxirgi raqami 0 yoki 5 bilan tugagan sonlar 5 ga qoldiqsiz bo’linadi. M: 10, 2400, 135,…
5) son 6ga bo’linishi uchun 2 va 3 ga qoldiqsiz bo’linishi kerak, ya’ni oxirgi raqami 0,2,4,6,8 bilan tugagan bo’lishi va raqamlari
yig’indisi 3 ga bo’linishi kerak. M: 354258 3+5+4+2+5+8=27 3 354258 6
M: Besh xonali 7a82b soni 6 ga bo’linadi. a∙b ko’paytma ko’pi bilan necha bo’lishi mumkin? Yechish: bu son 6 ga bo’linishi
uchun 2 va 3 ga bo’linishi kerak. Demak, b juft son. Ko’paytma katta bo’lishi uchun a va b ni kattaroq son tanlash kerak. b=8 deb
olsak, raqamlar yig’indisi 7+a+8+2+8=25+a. a=2,5,8 bo’lganda bu son 3 ga bo’linadi, shundan a=8 da ko’paytma eng katta
bo’ladi, ya’ni a∙b=8∙8=64 J: 64
6) agar sonning raqamlari yig’indisi 9ga bo’linsa, o’sha sonning o’zi ham 9ga bo’linadi. M: 75996 7+5+9+9+6=36 9 75996 9
7) agar sonning toq o’rinda turgan raqamlari yig’indisidan juft o’rinda turgan raqamlari yig’indisi ayrilganda natija 0 bo’lsa yoki 11ga
karrali son bo’lsa, bu son 11 ga qoldiqsiz bo’linadi. M: Besh xonali 24a5b soni 11 ga bo’linsa va 5 ga bo’lganda qoldiq 1 bo’lsa, a
ning olishi mumkin bo’lgan qiymatlari yig’indisini toping (bunda a va b bir xonali manfiy bo’lmagan sonlar). Biror sonni 5 ga
bo’lganda qoldiq 1 qolishi uchun shu sonning oxirgi raqami 1 yoki 6 bilan tugashi kerak. Demak, b=1 yoki b=6. 1–Hol. b=1
bo’lganda, toq o’rindagi raqamlar yig’indisidan juft o’rinda turgan raqamlar yig’indisini ayramiz: (2+a+1)–(4+5)=a–6. a–6 soni 11
ga bo’linishi uchun a=6 bo’lishi kerak. 2–Hol. b=6 bo’lganda, toq o’rindagi raqamlar yig’indisidan juft o’rinda turgan raqamlar
yig’indisini ayramiz: (2+a+6)–(4+5)=a–1. a–1 soni 11 ga bo’linishi uchun a=1 bo’lishi kerak. J: 6+1=7
8) son 12 ga bo’linishi uchun 3 va 4 ga qoldiqsiz bo’linishi kerak; son 15ga bo’linishi uchun 3 va 5 ga qoldiqsiz bo’linishi kerak; son
24ga bo’linishi uchun 4 va 6 ga qoldiqsiz bo’linishi kerak,…
9) sonning oxirida bitta nol bo’lsa yoki oxirgi bitta raqam 2ga bo’linsa, bu son 2ga bo’linadi. Ikkita nol bo’lsa yoki oxirgi ikkita raqam
4ga bo’linsa, bu son 4ga bo’linadi. Uchta nol bo’lsa yoki oxirgi uchta raqam 8ga bo’linsa, bu son 8ga bo’linadi. To’rtta nol bo’lsa
yoki oxirgi to’rtta raqam 16ga bo’linsa bu son16 ga bo’linadi va hokazo.
10) sonning oxirida bitta nol bo’lsa yoki oxirgi bitta raqam 5ga bo’linsa, bu son 5ga bo’linadi. Ikkita nol bo’lsa yoki oxirgi ikkita
raqam 25ga bo’linsa, bu son 25ga bo’linadi. Uchta nol bo’lsa yoki oxirgi uchta raqam 125ga bo’linsa, bu son 125ga bo’linadi.
To’rtta nol bo’lsa yoki oxirgi to’rtta raqam 625ga bo’linsa bu son 625 ga bo’linadi va hokazo. M: 2000 8  250
11) ketma-ket kelgan ikkita natural sonning ko’paytmasi 2ga (1∙2), ketma-ket kelgan uchta natural sonning ko’paytmasi 6ga (1∙2∙3),
to’rttasiniki 24ga (1∙2∙3∙4)… va hokazo qoldiqsiz bo’linadi. M: n∙(n+1)∙(n+2) soni 3 ga qoldiqsiz bo’linadi, chunki bu uchta
7  8  9  168 , 5  6  7  70
ketma-ket kelgan natural son. n ning o’rniga o’zimizdan son qo’yamiz, n=7 da n=5 da ( qoldiq yo’q.)
3 3
m  n  2 va EKUB(m, n)  5 bo' lsa m  n  ?
Misollar: 1) m, n  N , mn 5
5m  5n  2m  2n
3m  7n
m va n lar naturaluchunm  7, n  3
yoki m  14, n  6 va hokazo bo'lishi m - n
EKUB 5 bo’lishi uchun m=7∙5=35, n=3∙5=15 bo’lishi k–k. EKUB(35;15) =5, J: 35∙15=525
2) 48 va 60 sonlarining nechta tub bo’lmagan umumiy bo’luvchilari mavjud? Yechish: 48=24∙3 60=22∙3∙5 EKUB=22∙3
NBS=(2+1)(1+1)=6 ta (1,2,3,4,6,12). Tublarini chiqarib tashlaymiz (2 va 3ni). 6–2=4 J: 4 ta
3) A natural sonini 36 ga bo’lganda bo’linmada n, qoldiqda n2 chiqadi. Shunga ko’ra A ko’pi bilan qanday bo’lishi mumkin?
Yechish: A=36∙n+ n2 bunda, bo’luvchi qoldiqdan katta ( 36>n2 ) bo’lishi kerak. n=1,2,3,4,5. Eng katta degani uchun n=5.
A=36∙5+52 =205 J: 205
4) 12∙50∙70 sonining nechta natural bo’luvchisi bor? Yechish: Sonning NBS ni topish uchun bu sonni kanonik ko’rinishda (tub
ko’paytuvchilarga ajratilgan holda) yozamiz. 12=2 2∙3, 50=2∙52, 70=2∙5∙7; 12∙50∙70=22∙3∙2∙52∙2∙5∙7=24∙3∙53∙7
NBS=(4+1)(1+1)(3+1)(1+1)=80 J: 80 ta.
5) 1 dan 150 gacha bo’lgan sonlar orasida nechta sonning NBS 3 ga teng? Yechish: Avval topishimiz kerak qanday sonlarning
bo’luvchilari soni 3 ta. Faqat tub son kvadratining NBS 3 ga teng. Bular quyidagilar: 4, 9, 25, 49, 121. J: 5 ta
6) 3∙818∙555 ko’paytma necha xonali son? Yechish: 3∙(23)18∙555 = 3∙254∙554∙51 =3∙5∙(2∙5)54 =15∙1054 = 15000…0 J: 56 xonali son.
54 ta

F.O’ROQOV +99899.014.65.61 7
 BO’LINISH NAZARIYASI

1. Umumiy karrali.
2. EKUK.
3. O’rta arifmetik.
4. O’rta geometrik.
5. O’rta vaznli qiymat.
6. O’rta garmonik qiymat.
7. O’rta kvadratik qiymat.
8. Darajaning oxirgi raqamini topish.
9. Yuqori darajali sonni biror songa bo’lgandagi qoldiqni topish.

1. Agar с soni a ga ham b ga ham bo’linsa, с ularning umumiy karralisi (UK) deyiladi. UK(4;5)=20,40,60.. a=4, b=5, c=20,40,…
2. Umumiy karralilarning eng kichigi EKUK deyiladi. EKUK(4;5)=20. Umumiy karralilar quyidan chegaralangan bo’ladi.
EKUKni topish yo’llari: 1) Fikrlab topish. 2) Sonlarni tub ko’paytuvchilarga yoyamiz, yoyilmada ishtirok etgan har bir tub
ko’paytuvchini eng katta darajasi bilan olamiz va ko’paytma tuzamiz, natija EKUKni beradi.

36 2 60 2 144 2 36= 22∙32 250 2 450 2 21 3 250= 2∙53

18 2 30 2 72 2 60=22∙31∙51 125 5 225 3 7 7 450= 2∙32∙52
9 3 15 3 36 2 144=24∙32 25 5 75 3 1 21 = 3∙7
3 3 5 5 18 2 EKUK=24∙32∙51=720 5 5 25 52
1 1 9 3 1 1 EKUK(250;450;21)=21∙32∙53∙7=15750
3 3
1 M: EKUK(2;5)=10, EKUK(8;6)=24, EKUK(12;7)=84
a b
3) Formula bilan EKUK (a; b)  EKUB (a; b)

EKUB (a, b, c...)

ESLATMA: Kasrli sonlarning EKUB va EKUKi quyidagicha topiladi: EKUB ( a , b , c ...) 
m n k EKUK (m; n, k...)
EKUK (a, b, c...)  8 ; 5   EKUB(8;5)  1 EKUK 8 ; 5  
EKUK(8;5)
 40
EKUK ( a , b , c ...)  M: EKUB 
m n k EKUB(m; n, k...)  9 12  EKUK(9;12) 36  9 12  EKUB(9;12) 3

 Agar a soni o’zaro tub sonlarning har biriga bo’linsa, ularning ko’paytmasiga ham bo’linadi. M: 100 soni 4 va 5 ga bo’linadi,
demak 20ga ham bo’linadi.
 Yig’indidagi har bir son a ga bo’linsa, yig’indining o’zi ham a ga bo’linadi. M: 6+9+27+36 bu sonlarning har biri 3 ga bo’linadi,
demak ular yig’indisi 78 ham 3 ga bo’linadi.
 Ko’paytma a ga bo’linishi uchun ko’paytuvchilardan biri a ga bo’linsa yetarli. M: (2∙30∙121):11=2∙30∙11=660
24∙11=(2,3,4,6,8,12,24,11,22,33,44,66,88,12∙11,24∙11 larga bo’linadi.) 7xy2=(7,7x,7y,7y2,7xy,7xy2, x,y,y2,xy, xy2 larga bo’linadi.)
3. n ta sonning o’rta arifmetigini topish uchun shu sonlar yig’indisini n ga bo’lish kerak.
a1  a2  a3  ....  an 1  5  21  9 4  2  10  (8)
A M: M: 2
n 3 4

4. n ta sonning o’rta geometrigi quyidagicha topiladi: G  n a1  a2  a3  ...  an M:

3
a b c , 5
8  2  14  7  3

O’rta proporsional qiymat – a  b (bu faqat ikkita son uchun o’rinli)

bu turli miqdordagi, turli qiymatdagi a1  x1  a2  x2  a3  x3  ...  an  xn
5. O’rta vaznli qiymat – narsalarning o' rtacha qiymatini hisoblaydi. V
x1  x2  x3  ...  xn
ax b y
1) M: a so’mlik x kg qand bilan b so’mlik y kg qand sotib olinsa, 1 kg qand o’rtacha necha pul bo’ladi. x y
2) M: 3m 2000 so’mlik gazlama bilan 1,5m 5000 so’mlik gazlama sotib olindi. 1m gazlamaning o’rtacha narxini toping.
3  2000  1,5  5000
 3000 so'm
3  1,5
3) Massasi 300g va konsentratsiyasi 15% bo’lgan eritma massasi 500g va konsentratsiyasi 9% bo’lgan eritma bilan aralashtirildi.
300 15  500  9  9000  11,25 %
Hosil bo’lgan aralashmaning konsentratsiyasi (% ) ni toping.
300  500 800
S1  S2  S3  ...
6. O’rta garmonik qiymat – H  2ab O’rtacha tezlik – Vo'rtacha 
ab t1  t2  t3  ...

a12  a22  ...  an2

7. O’rta kvadratik qiymat – D   a va b musbatsonlaruchun D  A  G  H tengsizlik o' rinlidir.
n Koshitengsizligi

F.O’ROQOV +99899.014.65.61 8
8. Har qanday sonni darajaga ko’tarsak, oxirida ko’pi bilan 4 ta raqam takrorlanib kelaveradi .

Daraja …1n …2n …3n …4n …5n …6n …7n …8n …9n
Oxirgi raqam 1 2, 4, 8, 6 3, 9, 7, 1 4, 6 5 6 7, 9, 3, 1 8, 4, 2, 6 9, 1

Oxirgi raqamni topishda – darajani 4 ga bo’lamiz, qolgan qoldiqni berilgan sonning oxirgi raqamining darajasiga yozib hisoblashni
amalga oshiramiz. M: 1) 20172018 ning oxirgi raqamini toping. 2018:4=504 va 2 qoldiq. 20172=…72=…49 J: 9
2) 90383 83:4=20 va 3 qoldiq. 9033=…33=…27 J: 7
ESLATMA: Agar qoldiq qolmasa, ya’ni qoldiq nolga teng bo’lsa, 4-darajani olamiz. M: 20022000 2000:4=500 va 0 qoldiq.
4 4
2002 =…2 =…16 J: 6
77
1) 177 ning oxirgi raqamini toping. 777 ni 4 ga bo’lgandagi qoldiqlarni ko’rib chiqamiz.
1
7 :4=1 va 3 qoldiq,
72 :4=12 va 1 qoldiq,
73 :4=85 va 3 qoldiq (takror) – xulosa 7 ning toq darajalarini 4 ga bo’lganda 3 qoldiq qoladi. 777:4=… va 3 qoldiq. 17 3 =…3 bo’ladi.
87
2) 788 ning oxirgi raqamini toping. 887 ni 4 ga bo’lgandagi qoldiqlarni ko’rib chiqamiz.
1
8 :4=2 va 0 qoldiq,
82 :4=16 va 0 qoldiq, – xulosa 8 ning har qanday darajalarini 4 ga bo’lganda 0 qoldiq qoladi. 8 87:4=… va 0 qoldiq. Qoldiq qolma–
4
ganligi sababli n=4 bo’ladi. 78 =…6. Javob: 6
95
3) 20149 ning oxirgi raqamini toping. 995 ni 4 ga bo’lgandagi qoldiqlarni ko’rib chiqamiz.
1
9 :4=2 va 1 qoldiq,
92 :4=20 va 1 qoldiq,
1
93 :4=182 va 1 qoldiq – xulosa 9 ning qanday darajalarini 4 ga bo’lganda 1 qoldiq qoladi. 9 95:4=… va 1 qoldiq. 2014 =…4 bo’ladi.
888 999
4) 999 2 ning oxirgi raqamini toping. 9n ning oxirgi raqamlarini jadvaldan topamiz. Agar n toq son bo’lsa 9, agar n juft son
999
bo’lsa 1. 2 888 bu juft son. 9 ning juft darajasi esa 1 bilan tugaydi. J:1
999 888 888
5) 888 2 ning oxirgi raqamini toping. 2 999 soni 4 ga karrali son. 8 ning 4 ga karrali darajalari 6 bilan tugaydi. J: 6

ESLATMA: ! –faktorial belgisi bo’lib, 6! – olti faktorial deb o’qiladi va 6!=1∙2∙3∙4∙5∙6=720 ga teng.
M: 0!=1, 1!=1, 2!=1∙2=2, 3!=1∙2∙3=6, 4!=1∙2∙3∙4=24, 5!= 4!∙5=1∙2∙3∙4∙5=120, …
9 !  8 !  8 !  9  8 !  8 ! (9  1)  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  8  56
Misollar:
1)
7 !  6 ! 6 !  7  6 ! 6 ! (7  1) 1 2  3  4  5  6  8
(n  1) ! (n  1) ! 1  2  3  ...  (n  2)  (n  1)  n  (n  1)
2) ifodani qisqartiring.   (n  1)  n  (n  1)  n  (n 2  1).
(n  2) ! (n  2) ! 1  2  3  ...  (n  3)  (n  2)
3) 0!+2!+4!+6!+…+66! Yig’indining oxirgi raqamini toping. Yechish: 1+1∙2+1∙2∙3∙4+1∙2∙3∙4∙5∙6+1∙2∙3∙4∙5∙6∙7∙8+…+1∙2∙3…65∙66=
= 1+2+24+…0+…0+…0+… = …27 J: 7
5) 1 dan 100 gacha bo’lgan sonlar ko’paytmasi (100!) nechta nol bilan tugaydi. Bunda berilgan oxirgi sonni (100 ni) 5 ning
darajalariga bo’lib, butun qismlarini yig’indisini hisoblaymiz. 5 ning darajasi berilgan sondan katta bo’lmasligi kerak. 53 ni
ololmaymiz, chunki 53>100
100   100   20  4  24 J: 24 ta nol bilan tugaydi. (bunda [a] – sonning butun qismi.)
 5   25 

5) 38 dan 721 gacha bo’lgan sonlar ko’paytmasi nechta nol bilan tugaydi.  721    721    721    721   144  28  5  1  178 ta nol b-n
 5   25  125   625 

tugaydi 1dan 721 gacha; 38    38   7  1  8 ta nol bu – 1dan 38 gacha; 178–8=170, J: 170 ta.
 5   25 
100   100   100   100   100   100   50  25  12  6  3  1  97
6) 100! 2n ga qoldiqsiz bo’linsa, nmax=?  21   22   23   24   25   26 

7) 2∙4∙6∙8∙…∙100=? A) 50∙99! B) 2 100∙50! C) 250∙50! D) 249∙49!

Yechish: (1∙2)∙(2∙2)∙(3∙2)∙(4∙2)∙…∙(49∙2)∙(50∙2) = 1∙2∙3∙4∙…∙50 ∙ 2 = 50! ∙250 J: (C)
50

8) 1dan 211 gacha bo’lgan sonlar orasida 4 ga karrali bo’lgan sonlar nechta? Yechish:  211   52 ta
 4 

9) 4 ga karrali bir xonali sonlar  9   2 ta , 4 ga karrali ikki xonali sonlar  99    9   24  2  22 ta , 4 ga karrali uch xonali sonlar
4  4  4
 999    99   249  24  225 ta
 4   4  14 ga karrali to’rt xonali sonlar nechta? Yechish:  9999    999   714  71  643 ta
M:
 14   14 
9. Darajani biror songa bo’lgandagi qoldiqni topish uchun: asosni o’sha songa bo’linadigan (karrali) son va qolgan sonning
yig’indisi ko’rinishida yozish kerak. Qolgan sonning o’sha darajasini berilgan songa bo’lish kerak. M:
1) 420 :7=1610 :7=(14+2)10:7=210:7=1024:7= 146 va 2 qoldiq. J:2

F.O’ROQOV +99899.014.65.61 9
 2) 715:5=(5+2)15:5=215:5=85:5=(5+3)5:5=35:5=243:5=… va 3 qoldiq.
3) 2186:8=…va 0 qoldiq. Sababi 218 tarkibida 2 bor. 26 soni 8 bilan qisqarib ketib, maxrajda 1 qoladi.
4) 795 ni 9 ga bo’lgandagi qoldiqni toping. Buni yuqoridagi Misollar tartibida yechib bo’lmaydi, shuning uchun 7n ni 9 ga
bo’lgandagi qoldiqlarni ko’rib chiqamiz.
n=1da 71:9=0 va 7 qoldiq,
n=2da 72:9=5 va 4 qoldiq,
n=3da 73:9=38 va 1 qoldiq,
n=4da 74:9=266 va 7 qoldiq (takror) – xulosa har 3 qadamda takrorlanish bo’ladi. 95:3=… va 2 qoldiq. n=2 da 4 qoldiq. J: 4
5) 22225555 ni 7 ga bo’lgandagi qoldiqni toping. 2222:7=317 va 3 qoldiq (317∙7+3) 5555 :7=35555 :7 3n ni 7 ga bo’lgandagi
qoldiqlarni ko’rib chiqamiz.
n=1da 31:7=0 va 3 qoldiq,
n=2da 32:7=1 va 2 qoldiq,
n=3da 33:7=3 va 6 qoldiq,
n=4da 34:7=11 va 4 qoldiq,
n=5 da 35:7=34 va 5 qoldiq,
n=6 da 36:7=104 va 1 qoldiq,
n=7 da 37:7=…va 3 qoldiq (takror) – xulosa har 6 qadamda takrorlanish bo’ladi. 5555:6=25 va 5 qoldiq. n=5 da 5 qoldiq. J: 5

Misollar: 1) 9 ga bo’lganda 6, 12 ga bo’lganda 9, 16 ga bo’lganda 13 qoldiq qoladigan [100;850] oraliqdagi eng katta son qaysi?
x=9∙a+6 x+3=9∙a+6+3 x+3=9∙a+9 x+3=9∙(a+1) Demak, x+3 soni 9, 12, 16ga karrali son. EKUK(9,12,16)=144
x=12∙b+9 x+3=12∙b+9+3 x+3=12∙b+12 x+3=12∙(b+1) x+3=144 x=141 bu eng kichigi.
x=16∙c+13 x+3=16∙c+13+3 x+3=16∙c+16 x+3=16∙(c+1) 144∙5=720 x+3=720 x=717 eng kattasi.

M: a, b, c butun musbat sonlar uchun x=3a+2=5b+4=7c+6 tengliklar bajarilsa, x uch xonali sonning eng katta qiymatini toping.
Yechish: demak, bu x sonini 3 ga bo’lganda 2, 5 ga bo’lganda 4, 7 ga bo’lganda 6 qoldiq qoladi.
x=3∙a+2 x+1=3∙a+2+1 x+1=3∙(a+1) Demak, x+1 soni 3, 5, 7ga karrali son. EKUK(3,5,7)=105
x=5∙b+4 x+1=5∙b+4+1 x+1=5∙(b+1) x+1=105, x=104 bu eng kichigi; x+1=105∙2, x=209 bu 2-si,…
x=7∙c+6 x+1=7∙c+6+1 x+1=7∙(c+1) x+1=105∙9, x=944 J: x=944 eng kattasi.
M: Bir bola bilyard sharchalarini 9 tadan to’plarga ajratganda 5 ta, 12 tadan to’plarga ajratganda 8 ta, 14 tadan ajratganda 10 ta sharcha
yetmayapti. Bolada kamida nechta sharcha mavjud. Yechish:
x=9∙a+5 x+4=9∙a+5+4 x+4=9∙(a+1) Demak, x+4 soni 9, 12, 14ga karrali son.
x=12∙b+8 x+4=12∙b+8+4 x+4=12∙(b+1) EKUK(9,12,14)=252. x+4=252, x=248
x=14∙c+10 x+4=14∙c+10+4 x+4=14∙(c+1) J: 248
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
M: 1 +2 +3 +…+100 ni 3 ga bo’lgandagi qoldiqni toping. Yechish: 3 ga karralilar 3 ; 6 ; 9 ; …99 bundaylar soni 33 ta,
3 3 3 3 3
3 ga bo’lganda 1 qoldiq qoladiganlar soni 1 ; 4 ; 7 ; 10 ; …100 jami 34 ta
3 ga bo’lganda 2 qoldiq qoladiganlar soni 2 3; 53; 83; 113; …983 jami 33 ta
34∙1+33∙2=100, 100:3=33 (1) J: 1
M: 1!+2!+3!+4!+…+2020! ni 35 ga bo’lgandagi qoldiqni toping. Yechish: 1+2+6+24+120+720+7!+8!+…+2020! 7! dan boshlab
keying sonlarni ko’paytma ko’rinishida yozsak, barchasining tarkibida 5∙7 qatnashadi va bu qo’shiluvchilar 35 ga qoldiqsiz bo’linadi.
Endi 1+2+6+24+120+720=873 shu yig’indini 35 ga bo’lgandagi qoldiqni topish kifoya. 873:35=24 (33q) J: 33
Misollar: To’rt xonali 3abc sonini 90 ga bo’lganda 3 qoldiq qolsa, quyidagilardan qaysi biri noto’g’ri?
A) a+b=6 B) a+b+c=18 C) a+b=5∙c D) a+b=18 E) a+b–c=3
Yechish: c=3, sababi bo’luvchining oxirgi raqami nol bilan tugagan. 3abc sonidan 3 ni ayirsak to’rt xonali 3ab0 soni hosil bo’ladi.
Endi bu son 90 ga qoldiqsiz bo’linadi va bo’lsak, nollar qisqaradi, 3ab 9 Buning uchun 3+a+b soni 9 ga karrali bo’lishi kerak.
Javoblarda c ning o’rniga 3 qo’yib hisoblashlarni amalga oshirsak A, B, C va E javoblar to’g’ri, D noto’g’ri bo’ladi. Sababi, D
javobga ko’ra 3+a+b=3+18=21 bu 9 ga bo’linmaydi.
Misollar: O’lchamlari 18, 24 va 30 sm bo’lgan to’g’ri burchakli prizma shaklidagi idishga kub shaklidagi qutilardan eng kamida
nechta joylash mumkin? Agar tomoni 1 sm li kubchalardan joylasak, deylik bo’yiga 18 ta, eniga 24 ta, balandligiga 30 kubcha jami
18∙24∙30=12960 ta sig’adi. Agar tomoni 2 sm li kubchalardan joylasak, bo’yiga 9 ta, eniga 12 ta, balandligiga 15 kubcha jami
9∙12∙15=1620 ta sig’adi. EKUB(18;24;30)=6. Agar tomoni 6 sm li kubchalardan joylasak, bo’yiga 3 ta, eniga 4 ta, balandligiga 5
kubcha jami 3∙4∙5=60 ta sig’adi. J: 60 ta

F.O’ROQOV +99899.014.65.61 10
 ODDIY KASRLAR.

1. Oddiy kasrlar va ularning turlari.

2. To’g’ri va noto’g’ri kasrlar.
3. Aralash kasrlar.
4. Bir xil maxrajli kasrlarni qo’shish va ayirish.
5. Kasrning qo’shimcha ko’paytuvchisi.
6. Kasrlarni qisqartirish.
7. Kasrning asosiy xossasi.
8. Har xil maxrajli kasrlarni qo’shish va ayirish.
9. Aralash kasrlarni qo’shish va ayirish.
10. Kasrlarni taqqoslash.
11. Kasrlarni ko’paytirish.
12. O’zaro teskari sonlar.
13. Kasrlarni bo’lish.
14. Tagma-tag kasrlar.
15. Zanjirli kasrlar.

1. Kasrlar ikki xil bo’ladi: oddiy va o’nli kasrlar. Oddiy kasrlar narsalarning necha qismga bo’linganiyu,
a
qancha qismi nazarda tutilayotganini anglatadi. b degani – biror narsaning b ta bo’lakka bo’linib, a ta
3
bo’lagi olinishini anglatadi. M: beshta katakdan 3 tasi bo’yalgan degani – 5 qismi bo’yalgan degani.
2. Oddiy kasrlar to’g’ri, noto’g’ri va aralash shaklda bo’ladi.
3 , 1 , 40 ,  8 , ...
1) Surati maxrajidan kichik bo’lsa to’g’ri kasr. 5 2 102 17
13 8 28 2 1 ,  1 4 ,...
2) Surati maxrajidan katta bo’lsa noto’g’ri kasr. 7 , 8 ,  17 , ... 3) Butun qismi bilan berilgan bo’lsa aralash kasr. 5 17

c a b  c 5 4  9  5 41
3. Aralash kasrni noto’g’ri kasr ko’rinishida yozish mumkin va aksincha. a b  b M: 4   , 3 2  17 , 23  2 7
9 9 9 5 5 8 8

4. Bir xil maxrajli kasrlarni qo’shganda yoki ayirganda maxraj o’zgarishsiz yozilib, suratlar bo’yicha amallar bajariladi.
a  b  ab 2  3  23  5 2  5  2  5  3  1
M: ,
c c c 8 8 8 8 3 3 3 3

5. Har xil maxrajli kasrlarni qo’shganda yoki ayirganda maxrajda shunday sonni topish kerakki, bu son umumiy maxraj deyilib,
avvalgi kasrlarning maxrajlariga bo’linishi kerak. Umumiy maxraj yo fikrlab topiladi, yo EKUKni topish bilan aniqlanadi. Kasrni
umumiy maxrajga keltirayotganda kasrga ko’payadigan son qo’shimcha ko’paytuvchi deyiladi. Uni topishda umumiy maxrajni o’sha
2 7  3 3  2  7  3  3  23 5 17  3 21  5  17  3  21  22  11
kasr maxrajiga bo’lish kerak. M:
12 8 24 24 24 48 80 240 240 120

21  7 5  1 84  21  7  1 3
6. Kasrni qisqartirish degani – uning surat va maxrajini bir xil songa bo’lish degani. M: , ,
33 11 10 2 48 12 4 4
2 11  2  11  2  1 2  3 2 ; 4 7  4  7  4  1  5 ; 5 18  5  18  5  2  7 ; 5 5
8 7  1 7  14 14 5 5
7 ; 3  2  1  2  17  2 17 .
9 9 9 9 7 7 9 9 9 9 9 9 12 12 9 9

7. Kasrning asosiy xossasi – kasrning surat va maxrajini noldan farqli bir xil songa ko’paytirish yoki bo’lish mumkin. Bunda natija
3 9 18
  3  1  7  21 ;
o’zgarmaydi. M: ,
5 15 30 6 2  14 42

8. Har xil maxrajli kasrlarni qo’shishda va ayirishda: a) umumiy maxraj (ekuk) topiladi, b) maxrajlarda yetishmayotgan qo’shimcha
41  3 3  4  9  13 212  39 5  91 1  42  195  91   62
ko’paytuvchi topiladi va amallar bajariladi. M: ,
6 8 24 24 13 7 3 13  7  3 273
9. Aralash kasrlarni qo’shish va ayirishda: a) butun qismi bilan bajarish;
5 1 5 1 25  6  3  19  3 19
1) 2017  2014  (2017  2014 )  (  )  3  2) 40  3  39  1  3  39  8  3  39  5  39 5
6 5 6 5 30 30 30 8 8 8 8 8 8
F.O’ROQOV +99899.014.65.61 11
 2 3 2 3 1 7 3 7 3 2  6  7  6  6  13  6  1 5  7 5
3) 7  2  (7  2)  (  )  5   (4  12 )  1  4 11 4) 4  2  4  2  
3 4 3 4 12 12 12 12 8 4 8 4 8 8 8 8
5) 14  7  13  1  7  13  9  7  13 9  7  13 2 6) 14  4 16  14  (4  16 )  10  16  9 21  16  9 5
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 21 21 21 21 21 21

15  380 33  (504  380)  ( 2 15  3 33 )  124  30  99  124  69  124  23  123 28  23  123 5 .

7) 504
42 28 42 28 84 84 28 28 28 28
b) noto’g’ri kasrga aylantirib bajarish mumkin.
1 5 1 10 13 5 23 6 11 130  115  66 179 29
1) 4  3  2      5
3 6 5 3 6 5 30 30 30
3  5 8  1 3  40  3  37  7 2
2) 8  yoki boshqa usulda 8  3  (7  1)  3  (7  5)  3  7  2  7 2
5 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
10. Oddiy kasrlarni taqqoslashda : 1- umumiy maxrajga keltirib, surati kattasini katta deymiz. 2- umumiy maxrajga keltirish qiyin
45  37 20  21 ; 97  79 63  63
bo’lsa, suratlarini tenglashtirib maxraji kichigini katta deymiz. M: 2) ;
9 12 36 36 140 185 1260 1295
3) m  2214 va n  5160 m  1 9 , n  1 9 ; 9  9 J :m  n
2205 5151 2205 5151 2205 5151
 Demak, taqqoslashda maxraji teng kasrlarning surati kattasi katta, surati teng kasrlarning maxraji kichigi katta.
11. Oddiy kasrni oddiy kasrga ko’paytirishda agar surat va maxrajlari qisqarsa qisqartirib, so’ng suratni suratga maxrajni maxrajga
ko’paytirish kerak. Aralash kasrlarni ko’paytirishda avval ularni noto’g’ri kasrga aylantirib, so’ng ko’paytirish amali bajariladi.
7  3  21 3 2 17
14  23  23  1 11
5
 15  5 2) 3) 1  1 
39 82 6 5 4 20 4 21 4 21 3 12 12
Butun sonni oddiy kasrga ko’paytirayotganda: butun son maxraj bilan qisqarsa qisqartirib, qisqartirishdan qolgan natijani faqat suratga
3 21 3 36  5  15  15
ko’paytirish kerak. M: 7   12 1 1
4 4
3  4 1 2) 6  1  1
12. Ikkita sonni ko’paytirganda natija birga teng bo’lsa, ular o’zaro teskari sonlar deyiladi. M: 1)
4 3 6
6 7  6  7  1
3)  va sonlari o’zaro teskari sonlar emas, chunki ularning ko’paytmasi –1 ga teng.
7 6 7 6
13. Kasrlarni bo’lishda birinchi kasrni ikkinchi kasrga teskari bo’lgan kasrga ko’paytirish kerak.
5 : 10  5  21 7  7 6 6 14 6 7 15 3 1 3 8 8 1 4
M: 1) 2)  5 : 7 : 15 : 2   5  6  14  2   4 3) : 6   
18 21 6 18 10 2 12 2 3 3 6 9
1 1 1 1 : 2  1 3  3 , 3  1  9 1  8  4  1 1
M: 1:2:3 soni 1:(2:3) sonidan qancha kichik? 1    ,
2 3 6 3 2 2 2 6 6 6 3 3
a  a 2  2 abc  a  b  c 456  4  5  6 12  12  12  bu xato
1) M:
 b b M:  3 3 2)
m m m m 30 30 30 30 3 4 4 3
O

ab  a  b  b  a 7 8  7 8  8 7  1 a b ab 2  3  23  5
3) M: 4)   M:
c c c 56 56 56 c c c 4 4 4 4
a c ad  bc 5  2  5  3  2  7  29 a  a   a 2  2   2
5)   M: 6) M:
b d bd 7 3 73 21 b b b 3 3 3
a ca 3 23 a c ac 11  3  11  3 a c ad 11 : 3  11  4
7) c   M: 2   8)   M: 9) :  M:
b b 5 5 b d bd 13 4 13  4 b d bc 13 4 13  3
a cb 3 25 a  ac  a :c 5 53  5: 3 a a 3 :5  3
10) c :  M: 2 :  11) M:  12) : c  M:
b a 5 3 b b  c b : c 6 6  3 6 : 3 b b  c 5 25
a a a a
b , a , b ko' rinishidagi kasrlar b  a : c  ad ; a  a : b  ac ; b  a :c  a .
14. c b c tagma  tag k asrlardir. c b d bc b c b c b bc
d c d c
[a; b; c …] ko' rinishidagi kasrlar va u quyidagicha yoyib yoziladi. [ a ; b ; c ;... ]  a  1
15. zanjirli kasrlar hisoblanadi. Qisqacha formulalar:
b 1
c 1
...

x  x2  4y x  x  ...
x y
I. x 
y
y

2 II. x 
y
y

y 1
. M:[2;3;x]=2,25 bo’lsa, x=? Yechish:
x
y
x
...

[ 2 ;3 ; x ]  2  1
 2,25 2  1  2,25 2  x  2,25 6x  2  x  2,25 7x  2  6,75x  2,25 0,25x  0,25
1 3x  1 3x  1 3x  1 J: x=1
3
x x
Oddiy kasrni zanjirli kasr (yoki aksincha) ko’rinishida yozish uchun Yevklid algoritmidan foydalanamiz.

F.O’ROQOV +99899.014.65.61 12
 129
M: 1,29 sonini zanjirli kasr shaklida yozing. 1,29  100 Bo’linmalarni olib yozamiz. [1;3;2;4;3]=1,29
129 100
100 1 1 129
100 29 1 100
87 3 1
29 13 1
26 2 3
13 3
12 4
3 1
3 3
0
1 ...
1 5
...
3) 1  5 x x=? I – usul: fikrlab yechamiz. Bu turdagi misollarda takrorlanib keladigan ifodani topib olamiz. 1 
5 5
x
1  x 5
cheksiz takrorlanib kelyapti. Suratdagi shtrixlab aylanaga olingan cheksiz ifoda x ga teng. 5+x=5x J: x=
5 4
a a a a
4)  1  4 bo’lsa, a=? 1 4 bunda, 1  takror, shu 4 ga teng. 1   4 J: a=12
1 a 1 a ..... 4
1 a 1 a
... ...
formula bilan yechamiz : 1  a 4 1  12  4a  4, 1  12  4a  8, 1  4a  7, 1  4a  49, a  12
II – usul: bunda,x=1 ga, y=a ga. a
1 2
1 a
...
2  ... 2  ...
5 3 5 3
2 3 2 3 2 x
5) 5  3 =? 5 3 =x 5 3  x, 5  6  x  x, 51  x  9x, x  51
3 3 3 9 8
Misollar:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 100 1 99
1) 1  2  2  3  3  4  ...  99  100  ( 1  2 )  ( 2  3 )  3  4  4  5  ...  98  99  99  100  1  100  100  100  100

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2) 15  35  63  ...  1935  3  5  5  7  7  9  ...  43  45  2 ( 3  5 )  2 ( 5  7 )  2 ( 7  9 )  ...  2 ( 41  43 )  2 ( 43  45 ) 

 1 ( 1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  ...  1  1  1  1 )  1 ( 1  1 )  1  14  7
2 3 5 5 7 7 9 9 11 41 43 43 45 2 3 45 2 45 45

4 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1
3) 3  6  9  3  9  12  3  12  15  ...  3  27  30  3  3 ( 6  9 )  3  3 ( 9  12 )  3  3 (12  15 )  ...  3  3 ( 27  30 ) 

 4  1 ( 1  1  1  1  1  1  ...  1  1  1  1 )  4  1 ( 1  1 )  4  1  4  8
3 3 6 9 9 12 12 15 24 27 27 30 3 3 6 30 3 3 30 135

1  2  3  3  6  9  5  10  15 1 2  3  ( 1  3  3  3  5  5  5 ) 1 2  3 1
4) 2  4  6  6  12  18  10  20  30  2  4  6  ( 1  3  3  3  5  5  5)  2  4  6  8

F.O’ROQOV +99899.014.65.61 13
 O’NLI KASRLAR.

1. O’nli kasr.
2. O’nli kasrni oddiy kasr shaklida yozish.
3. O’nli kasrning xona birliklari.
4. O’nli kasrni xona birliklari bo’yicha yoyish.
5. O’nli kasrlarni qo’shish va ayirish.
6. O’nli kasrlarni taqqoslash.
7. O’nli kasrlarni ko’paytirish.
8. O’nli kasrlarni bo’lish.
9. Cheksiz davriy o’nli kasrlar.
10. Oddiy kasrni cheksiz davriy o’nli kasrga aylantirish va aksincha.
11. Sonning butun va kasr qismi.
12. Sonning standart shakli.
13. Sonlarni yaxlitlash.

1. Kasrning maxrajida 10, 100, 1000,…ya’ni o’nning darajalari qatnashgan kasrlar o’nli kasrlar deyiladi. Ularni vergul yordamida
yozish uchun maxrajda nechta nol qatnashsa, verguldan so’ng shuncha raqam qatnashadigan qilib suratni yozish kerak. Raqam
3 205 13 1
yetmasa verguldan keyin nollar yozish bilan suratni yozish kerak. M: 10  0,3 100
 2,05
10000
 0,0013
10000
 0,0001
2. O’nli kasrni oddiy kasr ko’rinishida yozishda verguldan keyingi raqamlar soniga qaraymiz. Verguldan so’ng 1 ta raqam bo’lsa
maxrajda 10; 2 ta raqam bo’lsa maxrajda 100; 3 ta raqam bo’lsa maxrajda 1000… va hokazo. Suratda o’sha sonning o’zini yozamiz.
0,3  3 1,5  15  1 5 51,23  5123  51 23 0,01013  1013 ( Bu muhim: 2,5=2,50=2,50000= 25 , ya’ni o’nli
10 10 10 100 100 100000 10
kasrlarning kasr qismining oxirida nol bo’lsa uni yozmaslik ham mumkin. M: 31,020=31,02 3,1200=3,12; 58=58,0 )
3. O’nli kasrda verguldan chap tomondagi qisim butun qism, o’ng tomondagisi kasr qism deyiladi. Verguldan boshlab chap
tomonga birlar, o’nlar, yuzlar,… verguldan o’ng tomonga qarab o’ndan birlar, yuzdan birlar, mingdan birlar,… xonasi deyiladi.
M: 3504,18 – 4 birlar, 0 o’nlar, 5 yuzlar, 3 minglar, 1 o’ndan birlar, 8 yuzdan birlar xonasida turibdi.
4. O’nli kasrlarni (umuman barcha sonlarni) xona birliklari bo’yicha bir xil usulda yoyish mumkin. M: 7045,346=7∙1000+0∙100 +
+4∙10+5∙1+0,1∙3+0,01∙4+0,001∙6 2) abc  100∙a+10∙b+1∙c
5. O’nli kasrlarni qo’shganda va ayirganda vergul tagidan vergul tushadigan qilib tagma–tag yozib amallar bajariladi.
M: 328,4+12,604=341,004 328,400 23,40 0,05–0,1= –0,05 0,10
+
12,604 – 8,61 0,05–0,10=–0,05 –0,05
341,004 14,79 0,05
M: 0,29–(((–0,23)–(–0,06)+(+0,37))–((–0,47)–(–0,37))) Yechish: Avval eng ichkaridagi (yoki chalg’ituvchi) qavslarni tashlab
yuboramiz. 0,29–((–0,23+0,06+0,37)–(–0,47+0,37))= 0,29–((0,2)–(–0,1))= 0,29–(0,2+0,1)= 0,29–0,3= –0,1
6. O’nli kasrlarni taqqoslashda avval butun qismlari taqqoslanadi, butun qismlari teng bo’lsa, verguldan o’ngga qarab xona birliklari
bo’yicha taqqoslanadi. M: 34,08<35,08 34,08>34,078 (34,080>34,078) 2,223232 > 2,2232232
7. O’nli kasrlarni ko’paytirayotganda vergulga e’tibor bermay sonlarni ko’paytiramiz. Ko’paytirilayotgan sonlarda verguldan keyin
jami nechta raqam bo’lsa natijada ham verguldan so’ng shuncha raqam bo’lishi kerak.
M: 1,4∙1,4=14∙14=196=1,96 ; 0,006∙1,2=6∙12=72= 0,0072; 0,25∙4=25∙4=100=1,00=1; 0,125∙8=1000=1,000=1 ; 0,4∙100=40 ;
2,55∙ (–0,1) ∙ 4= 255∙(–1)∙4= –1020= –1,020 = –1,02 ;
 O’nli kasrlarni ko’paytirishni osonlashtirish uchun: a) 10, 100, 1000,… larga ko’paytirayotganda birdan keyin nechta nol bo’lsa,
vergulni shuncha o’ngga surish kerak. M: 13,8125∙100=1381,25 ; 15,8∙10=158 ; 0,12∙3000=(0,12∙1000)∙3=120∙3=360
b) ikkita o’nli kasrni ko’paytirayotganda 1- ko’paytuvchining vergulini necha xona o’ngga sursak, 2-sini shuncha chapga surish
kerak. M: 1,4∙1,4=14∙0,14=1,96 25000∙0,04=250∙4=1000
8. O’nli kasrlarni bo’lishni osonlashtirish uchun: a) 10, 100, 1000,… larga bo’layotganda birdan keyin nechta nol bo’lsa, vergulni
shuncha chapga surish kerak. M: 13,8125:100=0,138125 0,12:1000=0,00012 8:100=0,08 12:10000=0,0012
b) O’nli kasrlarni bo’layotganda bo’linuvchi ham bo’luvchi ham butun son bo’lguncha vergulni bir xilda o’ngga surib borish kerak.
M: 1,2:0,02=12:0,2=120:2=60 6:0,12=60:1,2=600:12=50 0,625:0,25=625:250=2,5 0,008:2=8:2000=0,004
9. Kasrning suratini maxrajga bo’layotganda qoldiq cheksizlikgacha davom etsa, bunday kasrlarga cheksiz davriy o’nli kasrlar
deyiladi. Takrorlanayotgan qism davr deyiladi va qavs ichida yoziladi. M: 1/3=0,333… =0,(3) 14,2141414…=14,2(14)
ESLATMA: Oddiy kasrni yo chekli o’nli kasr, yo cheksiz davriy o’nli kasr ko’rinishida yozish mumkin. Agar kasr maxrajini tub
ko’paytuvchilarga ajratganda faqat 2 ning yoki 5 ning darajalari qatnashsa, bu kasr chekli o’nli kasr ko’rinishiga keladi. Agar
maxrajda 3,7,11,13,17,… sonlari qatnashsa bu oddiy kasr cheksiz davriy o’nli kasr ko’rinishiga keladi.

M: 6 3  6,6 1  0,125 3  0,075  bular chekli; 3  0,4285 ... 1  0, (3) 5  0,41(6)  bular cheksiz
5 8 40 7 3 12

F.O’ROQOV +99899.014.65.61 14
 10. Cheksiz davriy o’nli kasrni oddiy kasrga aylantirish uchun: kasr chizig’i chizamiz, maxrajda – davrda nechta raqam bo’lsa
shuncha to’qqiz va vergul bilan qavs orasida nechta raqam bo’lsa shuncha nol yoziladi. Suratda – berilgan sondan davrgacha bo’lgan
qismini ayirib yozamiz. 1) 6,4(31)  6431  64  6367 yoki 6 431 - 4  6 427 2) 0, (31)  31  0  31
990 990 990 990 99 99
3) 2,1(7)  217  21  196 yoki 2 17 - 1  2 16 4) 0,(9)=1 5) 2,(9)=3 6) 0,13(9)=0,14
90 90 90 90
11. a sonining butun qismi deb, a dan katta bo‘lmagan butun sonlarning eng kattasiga aytiladi va [a] yoki E(a) orqali belgilanadi.
M: [7,2]=7, [13,8]=13, [0,28]=0, [4]=4; [–8,7]= –9, [–0,3]= –1, [–4]= –4, [2,4+7,7] = [10,1]=10
a – [a] ayirma a sonining kasr qismi deyiladi va {a} kabi belgilanadi: {a} =a–[a] >0, 0<{a}<1, bunda a =[a]+{a}.

M: 
 2
5  ;
 3 3
2 8,1   0, 1 ;  2,03  2,03   2,03  2,03  (3)  0,97 ;    0,1415 ... yoki      3. [–e]= –3,  10   3.
Manfiy sonlarning kasr qismini topishning oson usuli: 1 dan kasr qismni ayirish kerak. {–2,03}=1–0,03=0,97, {–1,1}=1–0,1=0,9,
 5 2   1  2  1 ,
 3
  3 3
 2  2  2  52  8  52
 e   3  e ,
M: 2  2  2  2  3  3  3  3  4  4  4  4  ...  2017  2017  2017  2017  ni hisoblang. Yechish:
2  2  2  2  2  2  2  1  1 , 3  3  3  3  2  3  3  1  1 , 4  4  4  4  0  0  0 ,
5  5  5  5  3  5  5  2  1 , 6  6  6  6  3  6  6  2  1 ,… 9  9  9  9  0  0  0
2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  ...  2017
1  1  0  1  1  1  1  0  1  ...  1 1+1+0+1+1+1+1+0+1+…1 = 1973. Xulosa:


a  a  a  a   0,1, agar
agar a N
a N
nechtanaturalsonningkvadrati2017 dan oshmaydi 2017  44,9 . 44 ta.
misol shartidagiketma - ketlik 1 dan emas 2 dan boshlangani uchun 43 ta nol qatnashadi.

Ketma-ketlikdagi birlar soni: 2 dan 2017 gacha 2016 son bo’lib, bundan 43 ni ayirsak: 2016–43=1973.

       
M: 2  2  2  2  3  3  3  3  4  4  4  4  ...  2020  2020  2020  2020   ni hisoblang. Yechish:
 
Yuqoridagi misol kabi nollar soni: 2020  44 Ketma-ketlik 1dan emas 2 dan boshlangani uchun 44–1=43 ta. Ketma-ketlikdagi
birlar soni: 2 dan 2020 gacha 2019 son bo’lib, bundan 43 ni ayirsak: 2019–43=1976. 1+1+0+1+1+1+1+0+1+…1 = 1976.

12. Sonni standart shaklda yozganda uning butun qismi 1 va 9 oralig’idagi sonlar bo’lishi kerak. Vergulni necha xona o’ngga sursak,
10 ning darajasidagi son shuncha kamayadi. M: 0,05=0,05∙100=5∙10–2; 0,0000835=8,35∙10–5; 0,0021∙10–4 = 2,1∙10–7 .
6
Vergulni nechta chapga sursak, 10 ning darajasidagi son shuncha oshadi. M: 2000835=2,000835∙10 ; 910000∙107=9,1∙1012.
–8 2 4 –14
0,00000001=1∙10 ; 0,00000018 +0,000003 =3,2400000081∙10 0,000 000 000 000 032 4
0,000 000 000 000 000 000 000 081
–1
M: 1/8=0,125=1,25∙10 0,000 000 000 000 032 400 000 081
2
M: Sonni standart shaklda yozing. 236∙10 +3,24∙10 ,
5
23600+324000=347600=3,476 ∙10 –5
13. O’nli kasrlar quyidagicha yaxlitlanadi: qaysi xonagacha yaxlitlang deyilgan bo’lsa, sonning o’sha xonasigacha bo’lgan
raqamlarini saqlab, qolganlarini tashlab yuboramiz. Agar tashlab yuborilgan raqamlarning 1-si 5,6,7,8,9 raqamlari bilan boshlansa,
o’zidan oldingi songa 1ni qo’shamiz. M: 54,4921 ; 102,65805; 804,501; 91,4982 sonlarini a) o’ndan birlar, b) yuzdan birlar
xonasigacha yaxlitlang. a) 54,4921  54,5 102,65805  102,7 804,501  804,5 91,4982  91,5
b) 54,4921  54,49 102,65805  102,66 804,501  804,5 91,4982  91,50
Butun sonlar quyidagicha yaxlitlanadi: qaysi xonagacha yaxlitlang deyilgan bo’lsa, sonning o’sha xonasigacha bo’lgan raqamlarini
saqlab, qolganlarining o’rniga nol yozamiz. M: 544921 ; 10265805; 804501; 914982 sonlarini a) o’nlar, b) minglar
xonasigacha yaxlitlang. a) 5449 21  544920 102658 05  10265810 804501  804500 9149 82  914980
b) 544921  545000 10265 5805  102656000 804501  805000 914982  915000
Misollar: 599992  600000, 802,9892  803, 543 11,02  54310, 514311  510000, 514,311  510
a, bc  b, ca  c, ab
Misollar: o, aaa  o, bbb  o, ccc
?
Yechish: sonlarni xona birliklari bo’yicha yoyamiz.
1  a  0,1  b  0,01  c  1  b  0,1  c  0,01  a  1  c  0,1  a  0,01  b 1,11  a  1,11  b  1,11  c 1,11  (a  b  c)
   10
0,1  a  0,01  a  0,001  a  0,1  b  0,01  b  0,001  b  0,1  c  0,01  c  0,001  c 0,111  a  0,111  b  0,111  c 0,111  (a  b  c)
2) Ikki xonali ab, bc, ca, sonlarining o’rta arifmetigi 66 bo’lsa, a, b va c sonlarining o’rta arifmetigini toping.
(10∙a +b+10∙b+c+10∙c+a ):3=66 11(a+b+c)=198 (a+b+c)=18 (a+b+c):3=6
3) abab to’rt xonali, a0 ikki xonali sonlar, b=2a bo’lsa, abab sonini a0 soniga bo’lgandagi bo’linmani toping.
Yechish: sonlarni xona birliklari bo’yicha yoyamiz. abab= 1000a+100b+10a+b=1000a+100∙(2a)+10a+2a=1212a, a0=10a+0=10a
1212a:10a = 1212:10=121 va (2) qoldiq. J: 121

F.O’ROQOV +99899.014.65.61 15
4) 1 dan 100 gacha bo’lgan sonlar ichida:
a) 2 ga ham, 3 ga ham bo’linadigan; 100:2=50 ta son 2 ga bo’linadi. Bular – 2,4,6,8,10,12,14…100
b) yo 2ga, yo 3ga bo’linadigan; 100:3=33 ta son 3 ga bo’linadi. Bular – 3,6,9,12,15…99
c) 2 ga bo’linadi, lekin 3 ga bo’linmaydigan;
d) 2 ga ham, 3 ga ham bo’linmaydigan sonlar nechta?
a) 100:(2∙3) =16 ta son 2 ga ham, 3 ga ham bo’linadi. (6 ga karrali sonlar 6,12,18,…96)
b) 50+(33–16) =67 ta son yo 2ga, yo 3ga bo’linadi. ( 2 ga karrali sonlar 50 ta, 3 ga karrali sonlar 33 ta. 16 ta son 2 ga ham 3ga
ham karrali. Bu 16 ta son ham 50 ta sonning, ham 33 ta sonning tarkibida bor. Shuning uchun 16 ni bittasining tarkibidan
ayirib tashlaymiz.)
c) 50–16=34 tasi 2 ga bo’linadi, lekin 3 ga bo’linmaydi.
d) 100–67=33 tasi 2 ga ham, 3 ga ham bo’linmaydi.

BIRHAD VA KO’PHAD.

1. Sonli ifoda va uning qiymati.

2. Algebraik ifoda va uning qiymati.
3. Qavslarni ochish va qavsga olish.
4. Birhad va uning standart shakli.
5. Birhadning darajasi va birhadni darajaga ko’tarish.
6. Birhadni birhadga ko’paytirish.
7. Ko’phad va uning darajasi.
8. O’xshash hadlar.
9. Birhadni ko’phadga ko’paytirish.
10. Ko’phadni ko’phadga ko’paytirish.
11. Ko’phadni birhadga va ko’phadga bo’lish.
12. Umumiy ko’paytuvchini qavsdan tashqariga chiqarish.

1. Sonlar va amallardan (qo’shish, ayirish, ko’paytirish, bo’lish, daraja) tuzilgan ifodaga sonli ifoda deyiladi. Hisoblashdan olingan
natijaga sonli ifodaning qiymati deyiladi. M: 3∙22+4 bu sonli ifoda; 16 uning qiymati.
2. Sonlar, harflar va amallardan tuzilgan ifodaga algebraik ifoda deyiladi. M: 3a4+7bc. Berilgan sonlarni harflar o’rniga qo’yib
hisoblashdan olingan natijaga algebraik ifodaning qiymati deyiladi. M: 3a4+7bc, bunda a=1, b=–1, c=4 3∙14+7∙(–1)∙4=–25
3. Qavslarni ochishda qavs oldida minus “–” ishorasi turgan bo’lsa qavs ichidagi barcha sonlarning ishoralari qarama–qarshisiga
o’zgaradi. Agar “+” ishorasi turgan bo’lsa qavs ichidagi sonlarning ishorasi o’zgarmaydi. M: 1) 3a+b+(4ac–3)= 3a+b+4ac–3
2) 14b2–(–7dc+8ab3–74a6)= 14b2+7dc–8ab3+74a6 3) 3a+b–(–(+4ac))= 3a+b–(–4ac)= 3a+b+4ac
Sonlarni qavs ichiga kiritishda: qavs oldiga “–” qo’ysak, undan keyingi sonlarni qarama-qarshi ishorasi bilan qavs ichiga kiritamiz.
2 2
M: 3a –b+4ac–3=3a –(b–4ac+3) 2) 3a2–b+4ac–3=3a2–b–(–4ac+3)

4. Sonlar, harflar va ularning darajalaridan tuzilgan ko’paytmaga birhad deyiladi. M: 7∙a∙c3. ( a 4c  4b 2,

ac 4 bular birhad emas)
b3
Birhadning standart shakli deganda – uning koeffitsiyentlari va harflarining ixchamlangan shakli tushuniladi.
3 2 4
M: 7a∙7bm∙0,1ab =4,9∙a ∙b ∙m x∙(9a3x)2 =x∙81a6 x2 =81a6 x3
5. Birhadning darajasi deganda – undagi harflarning darajalari yig’indisi tushuniladi. M: 6a4b8 [d]=4+8=12- darajali birhad.
2) m6∙73∙a4∙c∙7=74a4cm6 [d]=4+1+6=11- darajali birhad
Birhadni darajaga ko’tarishda birhadning har bir hadini shu darajaga ko’tarish kerak. M: m∙(4a6∙b3∙m3,5)4= m∙44a24∙b12∙m14
6. Birhadni birhadga ko’paytirishda koeffitsiyentlar (sonlar) alohida, harflar alohida ko’paytiriladi. M: 3abc4∙12ma2b=36a3b2c4m
7. Bir nechta birhadlarning algebraik ifodasiga ko’phad deyiladi. M: a4b+7c–3mn5. Ko’phadning darajasi deganda ko’phadni
tashkil etuvchi eng katta darajali birhad tushuniladi. M: 73a6m4–24a7b8c+3abcde [d]=7+8+1= 16–darajali ko’phad.
10 16 5
8. Ko’phaddagi birhadlarning harfiy qismlari aynan bir xil bo’lsa, bu hadlar o’xshash hadlar deyiladi. O’xshash hadlarning faqat
koeffitsiyentlari soddalashadi (harflari o’zgarmaydi). M: 5ab3+4ab+3ab3+12ac2 –7ab3 =ab3+4ab+12ac2
F.O’ROQOV +99899.014.65.61 16
M: –(2ab2–ab+b)+3ab2–4b–(5ab–ab2 ) = –2ab2+ab–b +3ab2 –4b–5ab +ab2 = 2ab2 –4ab –5b
3 –4 2
9. Birhadni ko’phadga ko’paytirishda – birhadni ko’phaddagi har bir hadga ko’paytirish kerak. M: 2km∙(0,3ak +5m n–7bkm )=
4 –3 2 3 2 3 3 5 3 3 4
=0,6ak m+10k m n –14bk m M: (a b–3b +2a)∙(–3a )= –3a b +9a b –6a
10. Ko’phadni ko’phadga ko’paytirishda – birinchi ko’phadning har bir hadini ikkinchi ko’phadning har bir hadiga ko’paytirish
2 3 4 3 2 3 2 3 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 2
kerak. M: (2x+y )(x –0,5y)= 2x –xy+x y –0,5 y M: (3a–2b )(a c+4mn–5c )=3a c+12amn–15ac –2a b c–8b mn+10b c
6 9 5 4 7 6 2
11. Ko’phadni birhadga bo’lishda – ko’phadning har bir hadini shu birhadga bo’lish kerak. M: (12a b –3a c +18a b m):3ab =
4 4
=4a b – a c2  6  a6b4m
5 7
Ko’phadni ko’phadga bo’lish: 2x5+x4–2x3+5x2–5x–4 2x+1
b
2x5+x4 x4–x2+3x–4
2 3 2
5x –5x–3 x–4 –2x +5x
5x2–20x 5x+15 –2x3–x2
15x–3 6x2–5x 2x5+x4–2x3+5x2–5x–4=(2x+1)(x4–x2+3x–4)
2
15x–60 6x +3x
57 (qoldiq) –8x–4
–8x–4
5x2–5x–3=(x–4)(5x+15)+57 0
12. Umumiy ko’paytuvchini qavsdan tashqariga chiqarishda: a) koeffitsiyentlarning EKUBini topamiz. b) birhadlarda ishtirok
etgan bir xil harflarning kichik darajasini olamiz. M: 1) 28a4b12c–56a6b3c14+108a2b2c2n=4a2b2c∙(7a2b10–14a4bc13+27cn)
2) 10a2x+15a3–20a4x=5a2(2x+3a–4a2x) 3) –28b4c6y+16b5c5y8 = –4b4c5y∙(7c–4by7)

DARAJA VA UNING XOSSALARI:

a0=1, 50=1 -2
a1=a, 151=15 a–n  1 , 3-2  1 ,  2   9 am∙an =am+n, 53∙56=59 am:an =am–n, 53:510=5–7 (am)n=am∙n, (34)5=320
an 32  3  4

(a∙b)m=am∙bm, (am∙bn)k=amk∙bnk, m 4
 a   am ,  3   34 m 4 m 1 , 7  23  1
b     81 a n 
(3–5∙23)–2=310∙2–6
n m 5
(3∙2)2=32∙22   bm  8  84 an a , 35 n m
a 3 2
7

ESLATMA: 0 va 1 oralig’idagi sonlarning darajasi kichigi katta. 1 dan katta sonlarning darajasi kattasi katta.
M: 0,63<0,62 ; (0,6)–3 >(0,6)–2 ; 53>52 ; 1,0014 < 1,014 ; 2  3;
2) 5
2 va 6
3, 30-darajaga (5 va 6 ning EKUK iga) ko’taramiz. ( 5 2 )30 va ( 6 3 )30, 26 va 35, 64  243. demak, 5
2 6
3
3) 3 4 va 5 8 , 15-darajaga (3 va 5 ning EKUK iga) ko’taramiz. 4 5 va 83 , 1024 va 512, demak, 3
4  5
8.
4) a=2–3, b=(–2)3 = –23, c= –2–3= (–2)–3, d=(–3)2, e=(–3)–3, f=(–3)–2 , g= –3–2 taqqoslang.
Yechish: a  1  1 , b=–8, c  1   1 , d=9, e  1   1 , f  1  1 , g 1 1 . J: d > a > f > e >g> c
3 2 3 8 3 2 8 3 27 (3)2 9 32 9
a b a+b a+b a+b
5) x>0, x6=8 va x ∙ x =16 bo’lsa, a+b=? (x2)3=23, x2=2; x =16=24, x = (x2)4, x = x8, a+b=8
xmn  1 ? x
mn  1
 x mn1  xmn  1 : 1  mxn  x
mn mn mn  1 xmn
6) x n  m  1  ? 1 1 1 x x 1

 (xmn  1)
 xmn
x mn xmn
a b c 5a 3b c
7) a, b, c  N 32 ∙ 125 = 10 tenglik bajarilsa, a+b+c ning eng kichik qiymatini toping. Yechish: 2 ∙ 5 = 10 . Ushbu tenglik
5a 5a 5a c
bajarilishi uchun 5a=3b, 2 ∙5 = (10) = 10 , 5a=c; a=3, c=15, b=5 bo’lishi kerak. J: 3+5+15=23
8) ab=18, bc=25, ac=8 bo’lsa, abc  ? Hadma-had ko’paytiramiz. a b c =18∙25∙8=3 ∙4 ∙52,
2 2 2 2 2
(abc)  3  4  5  60 ?  60
a 1–a
9) x=5 va y=5 bo’lsin. x kamayib 5 bo’lsa, y qanday o’zgaradi?
A) kamayib 1 bo’ladi. B) kamayib 0 bo’ladi. C) ortib 5 bo’ladi. D) ortib 1 bo’ladi. E) ortib 0 bo’ladi.
x kamayib kelishi va oxirida 5 qolishi uchun a ning o’rniga …4,3,2,va albatta 1 sonlarini qo’yamiz. x=53=125, x=52=25, x=51=1.
125>25>5. Endi shu sonlar ketma-ketligini y ga qo’yamiz. y=51–3=0,04 y=51–2=0,5 y=51–1=1. Bundan ko’rinadiki, 0,04<0,5<1.
y ortib 1 bo’ladi. J: (D)

QISQA KO’PAYTIRISH FORMULALARI:

Yig’indining kvadrati: Ayirmaning kvadrati: Kvadratlar ayirmasi: Kublar yig’indisi:

(a+b)2 =a2+2ab+b2 (a–b)2 =a2–2ab+b2 a2–b2 =(a+b)(a–b) a3+b3 =(a+b)(a2–ab+b2)
Yig’indining kubi: Ayirmaning kubi:
Kublar ayirmasi: a4–b4 =(a2–b2)(a2+b2)=
(a+b)3 =a3+3a2b+3ab2+b3= (a–b)3 =a3–3a2b+3ab2–b3=
a –b3 =(a–b)(a2+ab+b2)
3
=(a–b)(a+b)(a2+b2)
= a3+3ab(a+b)+b3 = a3–3ab(a–b)–b3
a4+a2+1 = (a+b–c)2 =
(a+b+c)2= a2+b2+c2+2ab+2ac+2bc
=(a +a+1)(a2–a+1)
2
a +b +c2+2ab–2ac–2bc
2 2

F.O’ROQOV +99899.014.65.61 17
ESLATMA: Agar ikki hadning faqat bittasini ishorasini o’zgartirsak qo’shma sonlar hosil bo’ladi. M: a+b ga qo’shma son a–b yoki
–a+b. 7–x ga qo’shma son 7+x yoki –7–x.
2 2 2
M: 1) (–a+3) = (3–a) = 9–6a+a 2) (–5–x) 2 =(5+x)2 =25+10x+x2 3) 36–c 2 = (6–c) (6+c)
3 3 3 2
4) (64+27c ) =4 +(3c) =(4+3c)(16–12c+9c ) 5) (4n–m ) =(4n) –3∙(4n) ∙m +3∙4n∙(m ) –(m2)3 =64n3–48n2m2 +12nm4–m6
2 3 3 2 2 2 2

2
6)  1 x3 y  3ab   1 x6 y 2  2  1 x3 y  3ab  9a b  x y  3ab x  9a b
2 2 2 4 6 2 2 3 2 4
7) (7+x)(–7+x)=(x+7)(x–7)=x2–49
2 4 4 2 4 8 256 3 4 y8
4 2y  4 4 2y 4y 16 y
3
8) (2a 5b)3   1 ac2   (2a 5b  1 ac2)(4a10b 2  2 a 6bc2  1 a 2c 4) – kublar yig’indisi formulasidan foydalanamiz.
3  3 3 9
3
9)  2 m 2 n a  2  1 mn 3a  2   8 m6 n3a  6  3  4 m 4 n 2a  4  1 mn 3a  2  3  2 m 2 n a  2  1 m 2 n6a  4  1 m3n9a  6 
3 2  27 9 2 3 4 8

 8 2 1 1
m6n3a 6  m5n5a  2  m4n7a  2  m3n9a  6 – ayirmaning kubi formulasidan foydalanamiz.
27 3 2 8
10) (2x–y+3z)2 = 4x2+y2+9z2 +2∙2x∙(-y)+2∙2x∙3z+2∙(-y)∙3z = 4x2+y2+9z2 –4xy+12xz–6yz
2
7 49
11) a   8 bo'lsa, a 2  2  ? a  7   82 a 2  2  a  7  492  64, a 2  492  64  14  50
 a 
a a  a a a
Ko’phadlarni ko’paytuvchilarga ajrating.
1) a3+a2b+a2+ab=a2(a+b)+a(a+b)=(a+b)(a2+a)=a(a+b)(a+1) 2) 1000m+m 4=m(103+m3)=m(10+m)(100–10m+m2)
3) c2+2c–a2+1 = (c+1)2–a2 = (c+1+a)(c+1–a) 4) a2–b2–a+b=(a+b)(a–b)–1∙(a–b)=(a–b)(a+b–1)
5) 16c8b10–9a4 = (4c4b5)2 – (3a2)2 = (4c4b5+3a2)(4c4b5–3a2) 6) a(b–c)–d(c–b)=a(b–c)+d(b–c)=(b–c)(a+d)
7) 3(a–b)2+(b–a)=3(a–b)2–(a–b)=(a–b)[3(a–b)–1]=(a–b)(3a–3b–1) 8) bx2+2b2–b3–2x2=b(x2–b2)–2(x2–b2)=(x2–b2)(b–2)
9) an2+cn2–ad+ad2–cd+cd2 = n2(a+c)–d(a+c)+d2(a+c)= (a+c)(n2–d+d2)
Misol: 1) (3z–x)3+(x–2y)3–(3z–2y)3 ko’paytuvchilarga ajrating. Yechish: Bunda a3+b3=(a+b)3–3ab(a+b) tenglikdan foydalanamiz.
a3 b3
(3z–x+x–2y) –3(3z–x)(x–2y)(3z–x+x–2y)–(3z–2y)3 = (3z–2y)3 – 3(3z–x)(x–2y)(3z–2y) – (3z–2y)3 = –3(3z–x)(x–2y)(3z–2y)
3

M: Ayniyatdan a ni toping. (ax+2y)(3x+by)=cx2+7xy+y2 Yechish: Bu tenglik ayniyat bo’lishi uchun: chap tomondagi x2 oldidagi
son o’ng tomondagi x2 oldidagi songa teng bo’lishi kerak; chapdagi xy oldidagi son o’ngdagi xy oldidagi songa teng bo’lishi kerak;
ozod sonlar ham xuddi shunday. 3ax2+abxy+6xy+2by2=cx2+7xy+y2 , 3ax2+(ab+6)xy+2by2=cx2+7xy+y2
 3a  c 3  2  c, c  6
ab  6  7 0,5a  1, a  2 J: a=2
 2b  1  b  0,5
M: Barcha x, y lar uchun x3+4x2y+axy2+3xy–bxcy+7xy2+dxy+y2 = x3+y2 ayniyat bajarilsa, |a+b+c|∙(a–b–d)=? Yechish: Bu xuddi
yuqoridagi misol kabi ishlanadi. (3+d)xy+(a+7)xy2+4x2y–bxcy= 0, d=–3, a=–7, b=4, c=2. ?=|–7+4+2|∙(–7–4+3)=–8
M: xy+xz+yz=16 bo’lsa, x +y +z ifodaning eng kichik qiymatini toping. Yechish:
2 2 2

 x  y  2 xy (x  y) 2  4xy x 2  y 2  2xy 2(x 2  y 2  z 2)  2xy  2xz  2yz

Bo' linish nazariyasimavzusidan 
 x  y  xy x  z  2 xz (x  z) 2  4xz   x 2  z 2  2xz x 2  y 2  z 2  16

 y  z  2 yz ( y  z) 2  4 yz  y 2  z 2  2 yz J : 16
2 
M: xy+xz+yz=16 bo’lsa, (x+y+z)2 ifodaning eng kichik qiymatini toping. Yechish: (x+y+z)2=x2+y2+z2+2xy+2xz+2yz,

Bo'linish nazariyasimavzusidan x  y  2 xy (x  y) 2  4xy x 2  y 2  2xy 2(x 2  y 2  z 2)  2xy  2xz  2yz


 x  y  xy x  z  2 xz (x  z) 2  4xz   x 2  z 2  2xz  2
  x  y  z  16
2 2
 2 y  z  2 yz ( y  z) 2  4 yz  y 2  z 2  2 yz 2 xy  2 xz  2yz  32
II. Usul 3 - va 4 - misollarda x  y  z deb yechish ham mumkin. (x  y  z)2  48 J: 48
a  b  c  1 bo’lsa,   a2 b2 c2
M: a, b, c haqiqiy sonlar uchun ni hisoblang. Yechish:
bc ac ab bc ac ab
 a  b  c 1 a a 2  b2  c 2  ba  ca  ab  cb  ac  bc  a  b  c
b  c a  c a  b bc ac ab ac ab bc ab bc ac

  a  b  c  1 b a 2  b2  c 2  b(a  c)  c(a  b)  a(b  c)  a  b  c
b  c ac ab
a  b  c 1 c
bc ac ab ac ab
a 2  b2  c2  a  b  c  a  b  c
bc
2 2 2
bc ac ab J: a  b  c 0
 bc ac ab bc ac ab
(x  b)(x  c) (x  a)(x  c) (x  a)(x  b)
M:   ifodani soddalashtiring. (Bunda, a  b  c ) Yechish: Umumiy maxraj beramiz.
(a  b)(a  c) (b  a)(b  c) (c  a)(c  b)
(x  b) (x  c) (b  c) (x  a) (x  c) (a  c) (x  a) (x  b) (a  b) (x  c) (bx  b 2  cx  cb  xa  xc  a 2  ac) (x  a) (x  b) (a  b)
    
(a  b) (a  c) (b  c) (a  b) (a  c) (b  c) (a  b) (a  c) (b  c) (a  b) (a  c) (b  c) (a  b) (a  c) (b  c)
(x  c) (a 2  b 2  ac  cb  xa  bx) (x  c) (a  b) (a  b)  c (a  b)  x (a  b) (x  c) (a  b) (a  b  c  x) (x  a) (a  b) (a  b)
    
(a  b) (a  c) (b  c) (a  b) (a  c) (b  c) (a  b) (a  c) (b  c) (a  b) (a  c) (b  c)

F.O’ROQOV +99899.014.65.61 18
 

(a  b) (x  c) (a  b  c  x)  (x  a) (a  b)  (a  b) ax  bx  cx  x 2  ca  bc  c 2  cx  x 2  bx  ax  ab


(a  b) b(a  c)  c(a  c) 

(a  b) (a  c) (b  c) (a  b) (a  c) (b  c) (a  b) (a  c) (b  c)
(a  b) (a  c) (b  c)
 1
(a  b) (a  c) (b  c)
(x  b)(x  c) (x  a)(x  c) (x  a)(x  b)
II usul. f (x)    deb belgilash kiritamiz, f(x)=? Bu kvadrat funksiya bo’lib, uning to’la shakli
(a  b)(a  c) (b  a)(b  c) (c  a)(c  b)
f(x)=mx2+nx+k ko’rinishda deb tasavvur qilib, m, n, k larni topib olamiz. f(a)=1+0+0=1, f(b)=0+1+0=1, f(c)=0+0+1=1,
 f(a)  ma 2  na  k  1

 f(b)  mb 2  nb  k  1  bundan fikrlab, m=0, n=0, k=1 ekanligini bilish mumkin. f(x)=0∙x2+0∙x+1=1 J: ? =1
 f(c)  mc 2  nc  k  1
(x  b)(x  c) (x  a)(x  c) (x  a)(x  b)
M: a 2  b2  c2 ifodaning x=1 dagi qiymatini hisoblang. (Bunda, a  b  c )
(a  b)(a  c) (b  a)(b  c) (c  a)(c  b)
(x  b)(x  c) (x  a)(x  c) (x  a)(x  b)
Yechish: f (x)  a 2  b2  c2 deb belgilash kiritamiz, f(1)=? Bu kvadrat funksiya bo’lib, uning
(a  b)(a  c) (b  a)(b  c) (c  a)(c  b)
to’la shakli f(x)=mx2+nx+k ko’rinishda deb tasavvur qilib, m, n, k larni topib olamiz. f (a)= a2+0+0=a2, f (b)=0+b2+0=b2,
 f(a)  ma 2  na  k  a 2

f (c)=0+0+c = c 2 2
 f(b)  mb 2  nb  k  b 2  bundan, m=1, n=0, k=0. f(x)=1∙x2+0∙x+0=x2 f(x)=x2 f(1)=1 J: 1
 f(c)  mc 2  nc  k  c 2

1 1 7 49  12  (a  1 )2  (b  7 )2 
M: a2–b2–a+7b–12 ifodani ko’paytuvchilarga ajrating. Yechish: (a  )2   (b  )2 
2 4 2 4 2 2
 (a  1  b  7 )(a  1  b  7 )  (a  b  4 )(a  b  3 ).
2 2 2 2
Paskal uchburchagi. Har bir satrning koeffitsiyenti undan oldingi satr qo‘shni koeffitsiyentlari yig‘indisiga teng (strelka bilan
ko‘rsatilgan). Shundan foydalanib, (a+b)6 =a6+6∙a5b+15∙a4b2+20∙a3b3+15∙a2b4+6∙ab5+b6 ekanini ko’ramiz. Bunda har bir qo’shi–
luvchi birhadlarning darajasi 6 ga teng bo’lishi kerak. a ning darajasi bittadan kamayib, b ning darajasi bittadan oshib borishi kerak.
6 0 5 4 2 3 3 2 4 5 0 6
M: a b ; 6∙a b; 15∙a b ; 20∙a b ; 15∙a b ; 6∙ab ; a b
1 (n=0)
1 1 (n=1)
1 2 1 (n=2)
1 3 3 1 (n=3) (2x–3y3)4 = 1∙(2x)4 – 4∙(2x)3∙(3y3)1 + 6∙(2x)2∙(3y3)2 –4∙ (2x)1∙(3y3)3 + 1∙(3y3)4 =
1 4 6 4 1 (n=4) = 16x4 – 96x3y3 + 216 x2y6 – 216xy9 +81y12
1 5 10 10 5 1 (n=5)

16 15 20 15 6 1 (n=6)
Nyuton binomi. n ning katta qiymatlarida Paskal uchburchagidan foydalanish ancha noqulay. Masalan, n=20 da hisoblash uchun
dastlabki 19 qatorni yozish kerak bo‘ladi. Umumiy holda ushbu Nyuton binomi formulasidan foydalaniladi: ( ushbu formula haqida
kombinatorika mavzusida kengroq ma’lumot berilgan.)
(a  b)6  a 6  6 a5b1  6  5 a 4b2  6  5  4 a3b3  6  5  4  3 a 2b 4  6  5  4  3  2 a1b5  6  5  4  3  2  1 b6  a 6 + 6a5b  15a 4b2  20a3b3 
1 1 2 1 2  3 1 2  3  4 1 2  3  4  5 1 2  3  4  5  6
15a2b4  6ab5  b4
(3x  2)5  243 x5  5  81x 4  2  5  4  27 x3  22  5  4  3  9x 2  23  5  4  3  2  3x  24  5  4  3  2 1  25  243 x5  810 x 4  1080 x3  720 x3 
1 1 2 1 2  3 1 2  3  4 1 2  3  4  5
240x3  32
Bezu teoremasi: Biror P(x) ko’phadni boshqa bir Q(x) ko’phadga bo’lgandagi qoldiqni topish uchun Q(x)=0 dan x ni topib, P(x)
funksiyaga x ning o’rniga keltirib qo’yamiz. Natija qoldiqni ifodalaydi.
Misollar: 1) P(x)=x 5 –2x 4 +x 3 –x+3 ko’phadni Q(x)=x 2 +2 ko’phadga bo’lgandagi qoldiqni toping. Q(x)=0, x 2 +2=0,
x 2 =–2. P(x 2 )=x 2 ∙x 2 ∙x–2x 2 ∙x 2 +x 2 ∙x–x+3=(–2)∙(–2)∙x–2∙(–2)∙(–2)+(–2)∙x–x+3=4x–8–2x–x+3=x–5 J: x–5 qoldiq.
2) P(x)=x 3 –ax+3 ko’phad x–1 ko’phadga qoldiqsiz bo’linsa, a=?
Yechish: x–1=0, x=1, P(1)=0 (qoldiq qolmaydi degani uchun nolga teng), P(1)=1 3 –a∙1+3=0, 1–a+3=0 J: a=4
3) P(x)=…. qandaydir ko’phadni Q(x)=(x–2) 3 ko’phadga bo’lganda qoldiq x 2 +x–6 bo’lsa, P(x) ni x–2 ga bo’lgandagi
qoldiqni toping.
Yechish:Q(x)=0, (x–2) 3 =0, x=2. P(2)=…..=x 2 +x–6, x–2=0, x=2 P(2)=2 2 +2–6=0 J: 0
3 2 2
4) x +2nx +mx+5 ko’phad x –x–2 ga qoldiqsiz bo’linsa, n=?
Yechish: x 2 –x–2 dan x 1 va x 2 ni topamiz, bularni berilgan ko’phadga x larning o’rniga qo’yamiz, qoldiq qolmaydi degani uchun
nolga tenglashtiramiz. x 1 =–1 va x 2 =2.
1  2n  m  5  0  2n  m  4   4n  2m  8 12n  21, n   21
8  8n  2m  5  0 8n  2m  13
  8n  2m  13 12

F.O’ROQOV +99899.014.65.61 19
 ESLATMA: P(x) ko’phadni Q(x) ko’phadga bo’lgandagi qoldiq B(x) ga teng bo’lsa, P 2 (x) ko’phadni Q(x) ko’phadga
bo’lgandagi qoldiq B 2 (x) ni Q(x) ko’phadga bo’lgandagi qoldiqqa teng.
2 2 2
M: P(x) ko’phadni (x–3) ga bo’lganda qoldiq (x–1) ga bo’lsa, P (x) ko’phadni (x–3) ga bo’lgandagi qoldiqni toping.
(x–1) 2 : (x–3) 2 x2–2x+1 x2–6x+9 J: 4x–8
x2–6x+9 1
4x–8 (qoldiq)
ESLATMA: agar f(x)=2x 2 +x–4 berilgan bo’lib, f (3x–1) funksiyani toping deyilsa, f(x) funksiyadagi har bir x larning o’rniga
3x–1 ni qo’yib hisoblashni bajaramiz: f (3x–1)= 2(3x–1) 2 +(3x–1) –4= 8x 2 –12x+2+3x–1–4=18x 2 –9x–3.
Endi shuning teskarisi, agar f (3x–1)=18x 2 –9x–3 berilgan bo’lib, f(x) funksiyani toping deyilsa: 3∙t–1=x 3t=x+1
x  1)2  9  ( x  1)  3  18  x2  2x  1  9  x  1  3  2x2  4x  2  3x  3  3  2x2  x  4
t  x  1 f( 3  x  1  1 )= 18  ( f(x)= 2x 2 +x–4
3 3 3 3 9 3
10 7
M: P(3x–5)= x +3x –x+5 ko’phad berilgan. P(x) ni x+2 ga bo’lgandagi qoldiqni toping. Avval P(x) ko’phadni topishimiz
kerak, so’ng unga -2 ni qo’yamiz. 3∙t–5=x, 3t=x+5,
t  x5 P(x)  ( x  5 )10  3  ( x  5 )7  x  5  5 P(2)  ( 2  5 )10  3  ( 2  5 )7  2  5  5  1  3  1  5  8 J: 8
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
3 2 2
M: P(–x+7)= x +nx –4x–5 ko’phadi berilgan. P(x+2) ko’phadini (x–3) ga bo’lgandagi qoldiq 2x+1 bo’lsa, n=? Avval
P(x+2) ko’phadni topishimiz kerak, so’ng unga 3 ni qo’yamiz. –t+7=x+2 t=5–x
P(–5+x+7))= P(x+2)= (5–x) 3 +n(5–x) 2 –4(5–x)–5, P(3+2)=(5–3) 3 +n(5–3) 2 –4(5–3)–5=2x+1=2∙3+1,
8+4n–8–5=6+1, 4n=12, J: n=3
M: P(x) va Q(x) ko’phadlarni x+2 ga bo’lganda qoldiq navbati bilan 3 va –2 bo’lsa, P(x+3)–(x+3)∙Q(x+3) ko’phadini x+5 ga
bo’lgandagi qoldiqni toping. x+2=0 x=–2. Shartga ko’ra, P(–2)=3 va Q(–2)=–2. x+5=0 x=–5
P(–5+3)–(–5+3)∙Q(–5+3)= P(–2)–(–2)∙Q(–2)=3+2∙(–1)=–1
M: f(x+10)=x∙f(x)+3 funksiya barcha x lar uchun aniqlangan bo’lsa, f (20)=?
Yechish: f (0+10)=0∙f (0)+3, f (10)=3, f (10+10)=10∙f (10)+3, f (20)=10∙3+3, J: f (20)=33.
2
M: P(x+3)=x +5x+1 bo’lsa, P(5x+8) ning x+2 ga bo’linmasidan qolgan qoldiqni toping. Yechish: t+3=5x+8, t =5x+5
P(5x+5+3)= (5x+5) 2 +5(5x+5)+1=25x 2 +75x+51, P(5(–2)+8)=25(–2) 2 +75(–2)+51, P(–2)=1 J: 1
M: P(x)=(x 2 –x+4) –2n +2(x 2 –x+2) 1–n –(x 2 –x+6) 2–n ko’phadi x 2 –x+4 ga qoldiqsiz bo’linishi uchun n qanday son bo’lishi
kerak? Yechish: Birinchidan bu ifoda ko’phad bo’lishi uchun daraja musbat butun son bo’lishi kerak, –2n>0, n<0; 1–n>0, n<1;
2–n>0, n<2 bu uchchala shartni birlashtirsak: n<0 va n  Z .
x 2 –x+2=a deb belgilash kiritamiz. P(a)=(a+2) –2n +2(a) 1–n –(a+4) 2–n ko’phadi a+2 ga qoldiqsiz bo’linadi. a+2=0, a=–2,
P(–2)=(–2+2) –2n +2(–2) 1–n –(–2+4) 2–n =0, 2(–2) 1–n = (2) 2–n , (–2) 1–n = (2) 1–n , bu tenglik o’rinli bo’lishi uchun n toq son
bo’lishi kerak. J : n manfiy butun toq son.
ESLATMA: dP(x)  bu ko’phad darajasi. P(x)= x 10 +3x 7 –x+5 dP(x)  10 , Q(x)= x 5 y 8 +3x 7 a 7 b–2d 3
d Q(x)  15
M:
2
P(x)=(x –4) 10
Q(x)=(5x +x) 3 4
d P(x)  Q(x)  ? 20
P(x)=x –….+4 10
, Q(x)=625x +…+x12 4

P(x)–Q(x) funksiyani tashkil etuvchi birhadlarning eng yuqori darajalisi: x . Shunday ekan, d P(x)  Q(x)  20
20

M: P(x)=(m–3)x 3 +x+n+2, Q(x) =(n+1)x 3 +x 2 +8 va d P(x)  Q(x)  2 bo’lsa, qaysi biri to’g’ri?
A) m=n+4 B) m+n=0 C) m=n D) m=3n E) m+n=4
Yechish: P(x) funksiyadan Q(x) funksiyani ayirganda x ning eng katta darajasi 2 deyilgan. Bu x 3 lar qisqarib ketib, x 2 lar, x lar va
ozod sonlar qolishi kerak degani. Buning uchun m–3=n+1 bo’lishi kerak. Bundan, m=n+4 J: A
P(1)  P(1)
P(x) ko’phadning barcha koeffitsiyentlari yig’indisi P(1) ga, x ning toq darajali hadlari koeffitsiyentlari yig’indisi ga,
2
P(1)  P(1)  2c
x ning juft darajali hadlari koeffitsiyentlari yig’indisi ga teng. (c – ozod son.)
2
M: (x–1) 2 (x+1) 3 +3x–1 ifoda standart shakldagi ko’phad ko’rinishida yozilsa, koeffitsiyentlarining yig’indisi nechaga teng bo’ladi?
P(1)=(1–1)2(1+1)3+3∙1–1=2 J: 2
4 3 2
M: P(x)=x +3x –4x +3x–1 ko’phadning juft darajali hadlar oldidagi koeffitsiyentlarining yig’indisini hisoblang.
Yechish: 1–4–1=–4, oxiridagi minus birni –1x0 ko’rinishida yozish munkin, nol juft son. J: –4
4 3 m 2 n
M: P(x)=(x +x –2x+5) –(x +8x+16) ko’phadning koeffisentlari yig’indisi nol bo’lsa, quyidagilardan qaysi biri to’g’ri?
A) m=n B) m+n=0 C) m=2n D) 2m=n E) m+2n=0
Yechish: P(x) ko’phadning barcha koeffitsiyentlari yig’indisi P(1)ga tengligidan, 0=(1+1–2+5) m –(1+8+16)n , 5m=25n , m=2n (C)
P(x  4)
M:  x 2  5x  10 tenglik berilgan. P(x) ko’phadning ozod hadi 18 bo’lsa, Q(x) ning koeffitsiyentlari yig’indisini toping.
Q(x  3)
Yechish: Biror funksiyaning ozod hadini topish uchun x larning o’rniga nol qo’yish kerak. P(x–4) dagi x larning o’rniga 4 qo’ysak,
P(0) 18  6,
P(0) bo’ladi va bu 18 ga teng.  42  5  4  10, Q(1)=3, Q(x) ning koeffitsiyentlari yig’indisi Q(1) ga teng. J: 3
Q(4  3) Q(1)
1 1
M: Agar f (x)  2 f    x bo’lsa, f(x) funksiyani toping. Yechish: x  almashtirishni bajarsak, berilgan tenglama quyidagicha:
x x

F.O’ROQOV +99899.014.65.61 20
f  1   2 f (x)  1 ko’rinishga keladi. Buni -2 ga ko’paytirsak: – 2 f  1   4 f (x)  2 bo’ladi va buni shartida berilgan tenglamaga
x x x x
2 2 x
qo’shsak: –3f(x)= x  ko’rinishga keladi. Bundan f(x)= kelib chiqadi.
x 3x 3
 x 2 x
M: Agar f (x)  x  f   bo’lsa, f(x) funksiyani toping. Yechish: x  almashtirishni bajarsak, berilgan tenglama
 2x  1  2x  1
 x   x f (x)  2 f  x   x f (x)  2x va dastlabki
2
quyidagicha: f   ko’rinishga keladi. Buni - x ga ko’paytirsak,  x 
 2x  1  2x  1  2x  1  2x  1
x 2 f (x)  2  2x
tenglamaga qo’shsak: f (x)  ko’rinishga keladi. Bundan f(x) ni qavsdan tashqariga chiqarib, umumiy maxraj berib
2x  1
4x  2
f(x) ni topsak, f(x)= kelib chiqadi.
x 1

ALGEBRAIK KASRLAR

1. Algebraik kasr.
2. Algebraik kasrning ma’noga egaligi.
3. Algebraik kasr qachon nolga teng.
4. Algebraik kasrlarning asosiy xossalari.
5. Algebraik kasrlarni qo’shish va ayirish.
6. Algebraik kasrlarni ko’paytirish va bo’lish.
3b  c 3
1. Maxrajida o’zgaruvchi qatnashgan kasrlar algebraik kasrlar deyiladi. M: 2a  3 , 2a
2. Algebraik kasrning maxraji nolga teng bo’lmasa u ma’noga egadir. Bunga algebraik kasrning aniqlanish sohasi ham deyiladi.
4a  8
Aniqlanish sohasi deganda o’zgaruvchining qabul qilishi mumkin bo’lgan qiymatlari tushuniladi. M: a 2  25 a2  25  0 , a  5

Ushbu kasrning aniqlanish sohasi: a  (;5)  (5 ; 5)  (5; ) bo’lgan sonlar to’plami.
2a  8  0 a  5
3. Algebraik kasr nolga teng bo’lishi uchun faqat surat nolga teng bo’lishi kerak. 2a+8=0 2a=–8 a=–4
3a  15
2) m  16  0 tenglamani yeching. m2=16 m  4 . Lekin m  4  0 m  4 . Shu sababli kasr faqat m=–4 da nolga teng.
2
m4
4. Kasrning surat va maxrajini noldan farqli bir xil songa (ifodaga) ko’paytirish yoki bo’lish mumkin, bunda kasrning qiymati
a  b (a  b)(a  b) (a  b)2 3ab2  a
o’zgarmaydi. M: a  b  (a  b)(a  b)  2 2 M:
a b 6 b11 2 b9
5. Algebraik kasrlarni qo’shish va ayirishda: a) kasrlarning maxrajlarini iloji boricha ko’paytuvchilarga ajratish kerak.
b) yetishmayotgan ko’paytuvchilar bilan maxrajlarni tenglashtirish kerak. c) suratlari bo’yicha amallarni bajarish kerak. d) kasr
3 5 3(m  1)  5m 3m  3  5m 2m  3
soddalashsa soddalashtirish kerak. M: m  m  1  m(m  1)  m(m  1)  m(m  1)

7a  1  5  3a  7a  1  5  3a (7a  1)(a  3)  (5  3a)2a 7a 2  21a  a  3  10a  6a 2

 a  12 a3
2
M:  
2a  6a a  9
2 2 2a (a  3) (a  3)(a  3) 2 a (a  3)(a  3) 2a (a  3)(a  3) 2a (a 2  9)
6. Algebraik kasrlarni ko’paytirishda: a) kasrlarning maxrajlarini iloji boricha ko’paytuvchilarga ajratish kerak. b) surat va
maxrajlar qisqarsa qisqartirib, suratni suratga maxrajni maxrajga ko’paytirish kerak. c) kasr soddalashsa, soddalashtirish kerak.
m2  4  m  4  (m  2)(m  2)
M:  m4  m4
m3  8 m  2 (m  2)(m2  2m  4) m  2 m2  2m  4
a 2  6a  9  x  3  (a  3)2 x3 a3
M:  
x(x 2  9) a3  27 x(x  3)(x  3) (a  3)(a 2  3a  9) (x 2  3x)(a 2  3a  9)
Algebraik kasrlarni bo’lishda: a) kasrlarning maxrajlarini iloji boricha ko’paytuvchilarga ajratish kerak. b) 1-kasrni 2-kasrning
teskarisiga ko’paytirish kerak. c) surat va maxrajlar qisqarsa qisqartirib, suratni suratga maxrajni maxrajga ko’paytirish kerak.
m2  4 : (m  2)2  (m  2)(m  2)  a  3b  m2
d) kasr soddalashsa, soddalashtirish kerak. M: 2
a  9b2 a  3b (a  3b)(a  3b) (m  2)2 (m  2)(a  3b)
2a4  3a3  2a  3  2a(a3  1)  3(a3  1)  (a3  1)(2a  3)  (a  1)(a2  a  1)  a  1
M:
(a2  a  1)(2a  3) (a2  a  1)(2a  3) (a2  a  1)(2a  3) a2  a  1
I. 12  3n ifoda n ning nechta butun qiymatida natural bo’ladi? 12  3n  12  3 n  1,  2,  4,  6,  12 da ifoda butun son
n n n
bo’ladi. Shundan n=1, 2, 3 da natural bo’ladi. J: 3ta

F.O’ROQOV +99899.014.65.61 21
II. 16n 2 48  N, (n  N) ifoda n ning nechta natural qiymatida natural bo’ladi? Yechish:  – bu belgi “tegishli” belgisi bo’lib,
2
n
48 n 2  1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48 bo' lsa kasr butun bo' ladi.
n ning o’rniga natural sonlardan qo’yish kerak degani. 16  2 ,
n n2  1; 4; 16. n  1;  2;  4. Shundan naturallari n  1,2,4.
Endi n=1,2,4 larni ifodaga qo’yganimizda ham natural son chiqishi kerak. 1da – (-32), 2da – (4), 4da –(13). n=2; 4. J: 2ta
III. n  5  N, (n  Z) ifoda n ning nechta butun qiymatida natural bo’ladi?
n 1
n 1 6  1 6 ; n  1  1,  2,  3,  6; n  1  1,  2,  3,  6; n  -2, - 3, - 4, - 7; J: 4 ta
n 1 n 1
3(n  2)  11
IV. 3n  5  Z, (n  N)  3  11 ; n  2  1,  11; n  -3, - 1, - 13, 9 shundan, n  9 J: 1 ta
n2 n2 n2
11  1 x3  3x 2  6,5x  2 x(x 2  x  1)  2(x 2  x  1)  3,5x 3,5x
M: Agar bo’lsa, ? Yechish: ?   x2 2 Maxrajni
2 x2  x  1 x2  x  1 x  x 1
11  1 ( 11  1  1)  1  11  1  11  1  1  10  1  3,5 x2
3,5x
 2x  2  11  1  2  11  1
hisoblaymiz: x(x  1)  1 
2 2 2 2 2 3,5
a  bx  c  1
M: ayniyat bo’lsa, tenglikni qanoatlantiruvchi a, b, c larni toping. Yechish: umumiy maxraj beramiz.
x  1 x 2  x  1 x3  1
x 2  x 1 a  x 1 bx  c  1 1
ax2  ax  a  bx2  cx  bx  c  1, (a  b)  x2  (a  b  c)  x  a  c  1, tenglik ayniyat bo’lishi
x 1 x2  x  1 x3  1
uchun: tenglikning chap tomonidagi x2 oldidagi son o’ng tomondagi x2 oldidagi songa teng bo’lishi kerak; chap tomonidagi x
oldidagi son o’ng tomondagi x oldidagi songa teng bo’lishi kerak; chap tomonidagi ozod son o’ng tomondagi ozod songa teng
bo’lishi kerak. Tenglikning o’ng tomonida x2 va x yo’q. Demak, ularning koeffitsiyenti nol bo’lgan.
 a  b  0 b  a, b  b  c  0, c  2b,  b  (  2b)  1,  3b  1
(a  b)  x 2  (a  b  c)  x  a  c  0  x 2  0  x  1,  a  b  c  0
 a  c  1 b1, a 1, c 2
3 3 3

PR O T S EN T ( fo i z)

1. Protsent va promill.
2. Ba’zi bir protsentlar.
3. Qismni topish.
4. Foizni qismga aylantirish.
5. Qismni foizga aylantirish.
6. Nisbat va proporsiya.
7. Masshtab.
1 1 1 1
1. Biror narsaning
100 bo’lagiga protsent, 1000 bo’lagiga promill deyiladi. M–n: 1% = 100 ∙ x 1‰ =
1000 ∙ x
2.
3 qismi
Hammasi Yarmi Choragi Nimchoragi
7

Qismda 1 1 1 1 3
2 4 8 7
3  100 %
Foizda 100% 50% 25% 12,5%
7

2 2
3. Biror sonning qandaydir qismini topish uchun – o’sha sonni shu qismga ko’paytirish kerak. M: 75 ning
5 qismi – 75∙ 5 =30.
2) Nodir oyligining 1/4 qismiga televizor oldi, 5/12 qismiga kostyum oldi. Agar Nodirning oyligi 12000 so’m bo’lsa, uning qancha
oyligi qoldi. 12000∙ 1  3000 12000∙ 5  5000 12000–(3000+5000)=4000 so’m qoldi.
4 12

F.O’ROQOV +99899.014.65.61 22
 4. Protsentni qismga aylantirish uchun – 100 ga bo’lish kerak. 3
Foiz 1% 5% 16% 90% 100% 315% %
7
M: 50 ning 30%ini toping. 30% ni qismga aylantiramiz 0,3.
Qism 0,01 0,05 0,16 0,9 1 3,15 3
Bu 50 ning 0,3 qismini toping degani. 50∙0,3=15 700

100  a 
 x soni a % ga oshsa, x  
3
 Foiz, % 1% 5% 16% 90% 100% 315%
7%
 100 
bo’ladi. Qism, x (1+0,01)x=1,01x 1,05x 1,16x 1,9x 2x 4,15x 703 x
700

100  5  
Jadvaldan ko’rinib turibdiki, y soni 5% ga oshsa y    1,05y bo’ladi.
 100 
M: Nodirning bankka qo’ygan 150.000 so’m puli 1–yili 40% ga, 2–yili 11% ga oshdi. Jami ikki yilda Nodirning puli qanchaga oshdi?
(Foizli masalalarda foizni qismga aylantirib yechsak javobi oson chiqadi.)
150000∙1,4=210.000 210.000∙1,11=233100 233100–150000=83100 so’mga oshdi.
2) Nodir 150000 so’m pulining 0,4 qismini bankka omonatga yiliga 40% ga qo’ygan bo’lsa, yil oxirida uning puli qancha bo’ladi?
150000∙0,4=60000 60000∙1,4=84000 so’m.
3) a soni b sonidan 200% ortiq bo’lsa, a=3b bo’ladi, a soni b sonidan 700% ortiq bo’lsa, a=8b bo’ladi.

 x soni a % ga kamaysa, 3
Foiz, % 1% 5% 16% 90% 100% 315%
x   100  a  bo’ladi. 7%
 100  1  1  x=0,99x 1  3  x
Qism, x  100  0,95x 0,84x 0,1x 0 –  700 
   

100  30   4  0,7  2,8

M: 4 kg meva quritilganda vaznining 30% ini yo’qotadi deyilsa, endi u 4    kg bo’lib qoladi. Yoki endi uning
 100 
70% i qoladi. 4 kg ning 70% i 4∙0,7=2,8 kg.
M: Odatdagi 200 t hosildorlik 1–yil 15% ga, 2–yil 20% ga kamaygan bo’lsa, 2–yil oxirida qancha hosil olindi. 200∙0,85=170
170∙0,8=136 t
7 7
5. Qismni protsentga aylantirish uchun 100 ga ko’paytirish kerak. M: Biror narsaning
20 qismi degani, uning 20 ∙100=35% i degani
a
6. Ikki sonning bo’linmasiga nisbat deyiladi. Nisbat a:b yoki
b ko’rinishida bo’ladi. M: 84 sonini 3:4 nisbatda bo’ling.
84=3x+4x 7x=84 x=12 3∙12=36 4∙12=48 36+48=84 36:48=3:4
a c
 Ikkita nisbatning tengligiga proporsiya deyiladi. b  d . Proporsiyaning 4 ta hadi bor: a va d chetki hadlar, b va c o’rta hadlar.

 Proporsiyada chetki hadlar ko’paytmasi o’rta hadlar ko’paytmasiga teng. a  d  b  c 3  15  3  20  4 15

M:
4 20
 Proporsiyada chetki had bilan chetki had, o’rta had bilan o’rta had o’rnini almashtirish mumkin. M: 1) 20  15  3  15
4 3 4 20
2) x  24 3x  7  24 x  56 56  24
7 3 7 3
ESLATMA: biror son 2-sonning necha foizini tashkil etadi; biror son 2-sondan qancha foiz ko’p yoki kam; deb berilgan
masalalarda “ning”, ”dan” qo’shimchalarini olgan sonlarni 100% deb olamiz.
30  100 % 2
M: 1) 20 soni 30 ning necha foizini tashkil etadi? 30x=2000 x= 66
20  x % 3%
 100 % 20x  3000 20  100 %
2) 30 soni 20 ning necha foizi? 20
30  x % x  150 30  150 % J: 150%
3) 30 soni 20 dan necha % ortiq? 2-misoldan kelib chiqadiki, 150% –100% =50% ortiq.
4) 20 soni 30 dan necha % kam? 100  66 2  100  33 1 %
3 3 3
20  2
5) 20 soni 30 ning necha qismini tashkil etadi?
30 3
0,5  100 %
6) 0,5 dan 80 necha % ortiq? 80  x % 0,5x=8000, x=16000, 16000%–100%=15900% ortiq.
x  100 %
7) 650 soni qaysi sondan 400% ortiq. 650  500 % 500x=65000, x=130
b  100 %
8) a soni b sonidan 300% ga ko’p bo’lsa, a  400 % a=4b bo’ladi.
9) Nodir 140.000 so’m pulining 5% iga daftar oldi. Qolgan pulining 3/20 qismiga kitob oldi. Endi uning qancha puli qoldi.
5 3
140000∙
100 =7000 daftar, 140000–7000=133 000 qolgan pul, 133000∙ 20 =19950 kitob, 133000–19950=113 050 so’m puli qoldi.

F.O’ROQOV +99899.014.65.61 23
 10  30
10) 10 ta mushuk 1 soatda 30 ta sichqon yeydi. 12 ta mushukchi? 12  x 10x=12∙30 x=36 ta
11) 3 ta mushuk 2 soatda 6 ta sichqon yesa, 4 ta mushuk 4 soatda nechta yeydi?
1 ta mushuk 2 soatda 2 ta sichqon yeydi
4 ta mushuk 2 soatda 8 ta sichqon yeydi J: 16 ta
4 ta mushuk 4 soatda 16 ta sichqon yeydi

12) S  v  t – bu masofani (yo’lni) topish formulasi. S–yo’l, v–tezlik, t–vaqt. Bunda tezlik bilan vaqt bir–biriga teskari bog’langan,
ya’ni berilgan masofani bosib o’tish uchun tezlik qancha ko’paysa vaqt shuncha kamayadi va aksincha, tezlik qancha kamaysa vaqt
shuncha ortadi.
1–masala. 300 km masofani avtomobil 75 km/soat tezlik bilan qancha vaqtda bosib o’tadi. 100 km/soat tezlik bilanchi?
300=75∙x x=4 soatda. 300=100∙x x=3 soatda. Tezlik 75 dan 100 ga oshdi, vaqt 4 dan 3 ga kamaydi.
2–masala. Avtomobil ma’lum bir masofani 75 km/soat tezlik bilan 10 soatda bosib o’tsa, shuncha masofani 100 km/soat tezlik bilan
100  10 x  75  10  7,5 soatda.
qancha vaqtda bosib o’tadi? Teskari proporsiya tuzamiz. – 75  x
100
Qachon teskari proporsiyadan foydalanamiz? Aslida, proporsiyada kichik songa kichik son, katta songa katta son mos keladi. Lekin
masalani to’g’ri proporsiya tuzib yechganimizda ma’no yoki mantiq yo’qolsa teskari proporsiyadan foydalanamiz.
8  15 15  6  12,25
3–masala. Bir ishni 8 kishi 15 kunda tugatsa, shu ishni 6 kishi necha kunda tugatadi? 6  x x  kunda
8
Endi shu yerda fikrlaymiz: 8 kishi 15 kunda tugatsa, 6 kishi qanday qilib 12,25 kunda tamomlay oladi, aksincha odam kamaygandan
6  15 15  8  20
keyin ishni tugatish uchun ko’proq vaqt kerak bo’ladiku. Shuning uchun teskari proporsiya tuzamiz. 8  x x  kunda.
6
4–masala. Ishchining ish normasini bajarishga ketadigan vaqti 20% ga qisqardi. Uning mehnat unumdorligi necha % ortgan? Bunda
ham ishchining mehnat unumdorligi bilan vaqt bir–biriga teskari bog’langan, ya’ni berilgan ishni bajarish uchun unumdorlik qancha
ko’paysa vaqt shuncha kamayadi va aksincha, unumdorlik qancha kamaysa vaqt shuncha ortadi. x – ishchining mehnat unumdorligi,
x y  z
y – vaqt, z – ish. ( x  a )  ( y  0,8 )  z ( x  a )  ( y  0,8 )  x  y a  0,8  1 a  1,25 a %  125% 125%  100%  25% ortgan.

5–masala. Ishchining mehnat unumdorligi 20% ga ortsa, ish normasini bajarishga ketadigan vaqti necha foizga qisqaradi?
 x y  z (x  1,2)  ( y  a)  x  y 1,2  a  1 a 5 a%  500  250 % 100%  250 %  50 %  16 2 % qisqaradi.
(x  1,2)  ( y  a)  z
 6 6 3 3 3 3
6–masala. To’g’ri to’rtburchakning bo’yi 20% ga orttirildi. Uning yuzi o’zgarmasligi uchun enini necha foizga qisqartirish kerak?
Bu masalaning yechimi 5-masalaning yechilishi bilan bir xil. J: 16 2 %
3
7. Masshtab – bu haqiqiy masofani qanchaga o’zgarganini bildiruvchi nisbatdir. Masshtab ikki xil bo’ladi:
a) Kichiklashtiruvchi masshtab – bu hayotdagi haqiqiy masofani chizmada necha marta kichrayganini bildiradi.
M: 1:7000 bunda, 1– chizmadagi masofa; 7000– hayotdagi haqiqiy masofa. Bu haqiqiy masofa 7000 marta kichrayganini anglatadi.
M: 1:25 000 000 nisbatdagi xaritada Buxoro va Toshkent orasidagi masofa 2,2 sm bo’lsa, haqiqiy masofa necha km?
1  250 2,2  250
25 000 000sm = 250 km x   550 km.
2,2  x 1
b) Kattalashtiruvchi masshtab – bu hayotdagi haqiqiy masofani chizmada necha marta kattalashganini bildiradi.
M: 7000:1 bunda, 7000– chizmadagi masofa; 1– haqiqiy masofa. Bu haqiqiy masofa 7000 marta kattalashganini anglatadi.
M: 400:1 nisbatdagi chizmada bakteriyaning uzunligi 2 sm bo’lsa, uning haqiqiy uzunligini toping. 2 : 400  0,005 sm  0,05 mm
 a soni b soniga to’g’ri proporsional a  k b , a soni b soniga teskari proporsional a  k
b
M: a soni b2–1 bilan to’gri proporsional. b=4 bo’lganda, a=60 bo’lsa, b= –2 bo’lganda, a nechaga teng bo’ladi? a=k∙(b 2–1)
60=k∙(42–1) k=4, a=4∙(4–1)=12 J:12
M: 100 sonini 2:3:5 kabi nisbatda bo’ling (yoki 2; 3 va 5 sonlariga to’g’ri proporsional bo’ling). 2x+3x+5x=100x 10x=100 x=10
10∙2=20, 10∙3=30, 10∙5=50 20+30+50=100 20:30:50=2:3:5
M: 60 sonini 6; 10 va 15 sonlariga teskari proporsional bo’ling. 1 x  1 x  1 x  5x  3x  2x  10x  x , x  60, x  180
6 10 15 30 30 3 3
1 180  30, 1 180  18, 1 180  12 30  18  12  60 6  3  30  5 , 6  2  30  5 , 10  2  18  3
6 10 15 10 5 18 3 15 5 12 2 15 3 12 2
M: 3 ta sonning yig’indisi 24 ga teng. Ularning 1- va 2-si 1 va 2 sonlariga to’g’ri proporsional, 2- va 3-si esa 2 va 1 sonlariga to’g’ri

x  y  z  24 x  y  z  24 2x  2z, x  z
proporsional. Shu sonlarni toping.  x1
 y  2x x  2x  x  24
 y 2  y  2z x  6, y  12, z  6
 y 2

 z 1
M: 3 ta sonning yig’indisi 185 ga teng. Ularning 1- va 2-si 2 va 3 sonlariga to’g’ri proporsional, 2- va 3-si esa 4 va 5 sonlariga teskari

F.O’ROQOV +99899.014.65.61 24
 
x  y  z  185
x  y  z  185
 y  1,5x x  1,5x  1,2x  185
proporsional. Shu sonlarni toping.  x 2
 2 y  3x 6x  5z 3,7x  185
 4 y  5z

 y 3 z  1,2x x  50, y  75, z  60
 y 5

 z 4
I. 2x  I. 2x  50 
2–usul. II. 3x  5y  = 185 2x  3x  4 y  185 x  25 II. 3x  5y  75

2x  5y  4 y  185 y  15   185
III . 4y   III. 4y  60 

Masalalar: 1) a  b  c va b  3a  65 bo’lsa, c=?
2 7 5
a  2c , b  7c va 7c  3  2c  65
5 5 5 5
13c  65  5 J : c  25
2) Bir-biriga tegib turadigan 3 ta tishli charxdan birinchisi 5 marta aylanganda ikkinchisi 6 marta, uchinchisi esa 10 marta aylanadi.
Hamma tishlar soni 56 ta bo’lsa, kichik charxning tishi nechta? Yechish: x+y+z=56, 5x=6y=10z. Bu turdagi misollarni yechishda
noma’lumlarni bitta o’zgaruvchi orqali ifodalash kerak. Shunga ko’ra, x va y ni z orqali ifodalab, tenglamaga o’rniga etib qo’yamiz.
x=2z, y  10 z 2z  10 z  z  56 z  12, y  20, x  24 J :12
6 6
3) Bir sotuvchi kitobni o’z narxidan 44% kamiga olib, 16% kamiga sotyapti. Shunga ko’ra uning foyda foizi qancha?
Kitob narxini x desak, 0,56x dan sotib olyapti va 0,84x dan sotyapti. 00,56 x  100 % 0,56ax  0,84 x100 J: 150–100=50%
,84 x  a % a  150 %
4) Bir sotuvchi molining 20% ini 40% foyda bilan sotdi. Qolganini necha % foyda bilan sotishi kerakki, sotuvchining bu sotishlardan
foydasi 32% bo’lsin. Yechish: jami molni x desak, uning 20% i =0,2x ga teng bo’lib, 40% foyda bilan sotgan bo’lsa, 0,2x∙1,4=0,28x
bo’ladi. Qolgan mol – 80%=0,8x 0,8x∙(1+0,01a)=0,8x+0,008ax – bu qolgan molni a% foyda bilan sotishi.
x  100 % 28x  80x  0,8ax  132 x
0,28x  0,8x  0,008ax  132 % 0,8a  24
J: a=30%

5) Z foiz zarar bilan S so’mga sotilgan molning asl narxi qancha? Yechish: ( 100  Z )  x  S, J : x  100S
100 100  Z

TENGLAMALAR.

1. Tenglama.
2. Tenglikning turlari.
3. Tenglamani yechimi.
4. Tenglamani yechish.
5. Tenglikdan noma’lumlarni topish.
6. Masalalarni tenglama tuzib yechish.
7. Teng kuchli tenglamalar.

1. O’zgaruvchi qatnashgan ifodada “=” belgisi bo’lsa, bunday tenglikka tenglama deyiladi.
2. Tenglikning turlari: tenglama, ayniy tenglik, ma’nosiz tenglik. 1) Tenglama – bu shunday tenglikki, o’zgaruvchining ba’zi
bir qiymatlaridagina bajariladi. M: 3x+8=2x, 3x–2x=–8, x = –8. x–o’zgaruvchi.
2) Ayniy tenglik – o’zgaruvchining har qanday qiymatlarida bajariladi. M: 3x–6=3(x–1)–3, 3x–6=3x–3–3, 0=0. J: x  ; 
3) Ma’nosiz tenglik – o’zgaruvchining birorta qiymatlarida bajarilmaydi. Bunda noto’g’ri tenglik kelib chiqadi.
M: 5+4x–4=4x+7, 4x–4x=7–5+4, 0=6 O
3. Tenglamaning yechimi deb – shunday songa aytiladiki, bu son tenglamani to’g’ri tenglikka aylantiradi. M: quyidagi sonlardan
qaysi biri tenglamaning yechimi bo’ladi. 2x–3=4x+1 –3, –1, 4, –2, 5 Tek: 2∙(–2)–3=4∙(–2)+1 –7 = –7
4. Tenglamani yechish deganda – tenglamaning ildizini topish tushuniladi, ildizi bo’lmasa ayniy yoki noto’g’ri tenglik ekanligini
ko’rsatish kerak.
5. Tenglamani yechishda: 1) qavslar ochiladi. 2) noma’lumlar (o’zgaruvchili hadlar) tenglikning bir tomoniga, ozod sonlar
tenglikning ikkinchi tomoniga o’tkazilib ixchamlanadi. Bunda ax=b ko’rinishidagi tenglik hosil bo’ladi. Bunda a – koeffitsiyent,
b
b – ozod son, x – o’zgaruvchi (noma’lum) son. x ni topish uchun ozod sonni koeffitsiyentga bo’lamiz: x 
a
3) biror hadni (sonni) tenglikning bir tomonidan 2-tomoniga o’tkarganda ularning ishorasi o’zgaradi.    :
  : 
5 1 1
M: 1) 5x=10, x  10 , x=2. 2) y  y  0 , y  0 , y  0 : , y  0 3) 2,1a–1,6=0,4+1,9a 2,1a–1,9a =0,4+1,6 0,2a=2 a=10
5 6 6 6

F.O’ROQOV +99899.014.65.61 25
 12  3 a  1  0,25 a
4) 7x–3a=x+4(3–1,5x) 7x–3a=x+12–6x 7x–x+6x=12+3a 12x=12+3a x=
12
5) 3m+2x–2a=10ba a=? b=? Yechish: a (b) lik sonlarni bir tomonga, qolganlarini boshqa tomonga o’tkazamiz.
3m+2x=10ab+2a 3m+2x=a∙(10b+2) a  3m  2x ; 3m  2x  2a  10ba :10a 3m  2x  2a  b
10b  2 10a
4) bir xil maxrajga keltirayotganda, agar maxrajda o’zgaruvchi bo’lmasa, maxrajni tashlab yuborish mumkin.
2x 5  x 8x 15  3x 108 123
M:   3,   , 8x–15+3x=108, 11x=123, x 
9 12 36 36 36 11
5) kasr oldidagi ”–“ ishorasi uning suratidagi sonlarning ishorasiga albatta ta’sir ko’rsatadi. (Eslab qoling.)
M:
10 2x  4  7 30 
6 8x  3  2x 15
20x+40–210=48x–45+30x 40–210+45=48x+30x–20x –125=58x x   125
3 5 2 58
6) tenglamaning ikkala tomonini noldan boshqa songa ko’paytirish yoki bo’lish mumkin. M: 2x  0,4  3x  1  2x ∙100
25 4
2x∙4+0,4∙100=(3x–1)∙25–200x 8x+40=75x–25–200x 8x+125x=–25–40 x= –65/133
6. Masala yechishda quyidagilar juda muhim: 1) bitta o’zgaruvchi bilan yechish kerakmi yoki ko’p o’zgaruvchi bilanmi (bir
o’zgaruvchi bilan yechsam oson bo’ladi.) 2) masala shartiga ko’ra tenglama tuzib bilish. 3) eng asosiysi, masala shartida
so’ralayotgan narsani javob qilib yozish.
Tenglamada o’zgaruvchilar quyidagi tartibda kiritiladi:

Masala sharti Bir o’zgaruvchi bo’yicha Ko’p o’zgaruvchi bo’yicha

Ikki sonning yig’indisi 10 ga teng x 10 – x x+y=10
Ikki sonning ko’paytmasi 10 ga teng x 10 : x x∙y=10
Ikki sonning ayirmasi 10 ga teng x x+10 x–y=10
1–son 2–sondan 5 ga katta (ko’p, ortiq) x+5 x x–y=5, x=y+5
1–son 2–sondan 5 ta kam x x+5 x=y–5
1–son 2–sondan 5 marta katta 5x x x=5y
1–son 2–sondan 5 marta kichik x 5x 5x=y
Ikki sonning nisbati 6 x 6x x : y=6
x5
Ikki sonning nisbati 5:4 kabi 5x 4x y 4
x6
Ikki son 6 va 9 sonlariga proporsional 6x 9x y 9

x x x7
Ikki son 4 va 7 sonlariga teskari proporsional
4 7 y 4
2 2 x 2
1–son 2–sonning qismiga teng x= y
7 7x 7
2–son 1–sonning 35% iga teng x 0,35x 0,35x=y

ESLATMA: tenglama tuzish uchun a ta kam desa kamiga a ni qo’shib, tenglashtirish kerak; a marta kam desa, kamini a ga
ko’paytirib tenglashtirish kerak.
7. Agar ikkita tenglamaning ildizlari bir xil bo’lsa ular teng kuchli tenglamalar deyiladi. M: xx822x 12
6 x  14
x  14
 teng kuchli.
Agar 1-tenglamaning javobi 3 va -3 chiqsa, 2-tenglamaning javobi 3 chiqsa, bu tenglamalar teng kuchli emas.
Tenglama ko’paytma shaklida bo’lib, nolga tenglashtirilgan bo’lsa, ularning hech bo’lmaganda biri nolga teng bo’lishi kerak. Bu har
bir o’zgaruvchili ko’paytuvchilarni nolga tenglashtirib yechish kerak degani.
M: 1) (x–2)(3x+15)=0, x–2=0, 3x+15=0, x1=2, x2=–5. M: x(x–7)=0, x1=0, x–7=0, x2=7
a2  9  0 a 2  9  0 , a  3
Kasr nolga teng bo’lishi uchun surat nolga teng bo’lib, maxraj nolga teng bo’lmasligi kerak. M:
a 3
Lekin maxraj nolga teng bo’lolmaydi, a  3 . Shuning uchun javob: a= –3 (a=3 bu chet ildiz)

Ishga oid masalalar.

Masalalar: 1) Meshdagi suv Anvarga 6 kunga, ukasiga 8 kunga yetsa, ikkalasiga necha kunga yetadi.
 1  1 x  1, 1 1 1, 86  1 , x  48  3 3 kunda
 
6 8 6 8 x 48 x 14 7
M: Bir ishni Ahmad 8 kunda, ukasi 15 kunda tugatadi. Ular birgalikda 5 kun ishlagandan so’ng, qolgan ishni Ahmad necha kunda
tamomlaydi? Yechish: Ahmad bir kunda ishning 1/8 qismini, ukasi 1/15 qismini bajaradi. Ular birgalikda bir kunda ishning
1  1  23 qismini bajaradi. 5 kunda 5  23  23 qismini bajaradi. Shunda bajarilmay qolgan ish 1  23  1 ga teng. Shu ishni
8 15 120 120 24 24 24

F.O’ROQOV +99899.014.65.61 26
Ahmadning bir o’zi 1 x  1 , x  1 kunda tamomlaydi.
8 24 3
M: Hovuzni x jo’mrak 12 soatda, y jo’mrak 18 soatda to’ldiradi.Hovuzning yarmisida bo’lgan z jo’mrak esa to’la
hovuzning yarmini 36 soatda bo’shatadi. Uchchala jo’mrak barabar ochilsa, hovuz necha soatda to’ladi?
A) 7,6 B) 10,4 C) 11,2 D) 11,6 E) 12,5 x y
Yechish: Hovuzning suvi yarim bo’lguncha z jo’mrak ishlamay turadi. x va y jo’mrak butun hovuzni z
( 1  1 )  1 , x  36  7,2 soatda, yarmini esa 7,2 : 2  3,6 soatda to’ldiradi. Qolgan yarmini to’ldirish uchun
12 18 x 5
( 2  2 ) 1  1 , 9  1 , x  4 soat vaqt ketadi. Jami: 3,6+4=7,6 soat. J: A
12 18 36 x 36 x
M: Ikki ishchining ikkinchisi birinchisidan 1,5 kun keyin ishga tushsa, ular birgalikda bir ishni 7 kunda tamomlay oladilar. Agar bu
ishni har qaysi ishchi yolg’iz o’zi bajarsa, u holda 1-ishchi 2-siga qaraganda 3 kun ortiq ishlashi kerak bo’ladi. Har qaysi ishchining
yolg’iz o’zi bu ishni necha kunda tamomlay oladi? (kollej darsligidan) Yechish: (ishga oid misollarda nimaligi aytilmagan ish 1 soni
bilan olinadi.) Birinchi ishchi yolg’iz o’zi ishlab ishni x kunda, 2-ishchi y kunda tugatsin. U holda birinchi ishchi bir kunda ishning 1/x
31  3
qismini, 2–ishchi 1/y qismini bajaradi. 1-ishchi 1,5 kun ishlab, ishning qismini bajargach, 2–ishchi ishlashni boshladi. Ular
2 x 2x
1 1 7 y  7x 3  7 y  7x  1
birgalikda 7 kun ishlagan. Shu 7 kunda ishning (  )  7  qismi bajarilgan. tenglamaga ega bo’lamiz.
x y yx 2x yx
Yolg’iz o’zi ishlagan 1-ishchi 2-siga qaraganda 3 kun ko’p ishlaydi. Demak, x–y=3
 3 7 y  7x
 1 bu sistemani yechsak
 2x yx x  17, y  14 bo' ladi. J: 17 va 14 kunda.
 x  3  y
M: Ikkita ishchi birgalikda ishlab ma’lum ishni 12 kunda tamomlaydi. Agar ishchilarning bittasi shu ishning yarmini bajargandan
so’ng, 2-ishchi qolgan yarmini bajarsa, shu ishni 25 kunda tamomlashi mumkin. Ishchilardan biri 2-siga qaraganda necha marta tez
ishlaydi? Yechish: Birinchi ishchi yolg’iz o’zi ishlab ishni x kunda, 2-ishchi y kunda tugatsin. U holda birinchi ishchi bir kunda
ishning 1/x qismini, 2-ishchi 1/y qismini bajaradi. Ular birgalikda 12 kun ishlab 1 ta ishni tugatishgan. ( 1  1 ) 12  1. 1-ishchiga
x y

ishning yarmini bajarish uchun x/2 kun, 2-ishchiga ishning yarmini bajarish uchun y/2 kun vaqt ketadi. x  y  25 . Ushbu ikkita
2 2
tenglamani sistema qilib yechsak, x=30 va y=20 chiqadi. 30:20=1,5 J: 1,5 marta

Aralashmaga oid masalalar.

Konsentratsiyasi (foiz miqdori) – buni topish uchun aralashma tarkibidagi modda miqdorini umumiy miqdorga bo’lib, natijani 100 ga
ko’paytirish kerak. M: Eritma tarkibida 60 g tuz bor. Unga 400 g chuchuk (toza) suv qo’shilsa, tuzning konsentratsiyasi (foiz miqdori)
1,5 marta kamayadi. Dastlabki eritma necha g bo’lgan. Yechish: Dastlabki eritmada x gramm suv bo’lgan bo’lsa, dastlabki
60 60
eritmaning konsentratsiyasi bo’ladi. Unga 400 g suv qo’shilgandan so’ng konsentratsiyasi bo’ladi.
x  60 x  400  60
60  60  3 , 2x  800  120  3x  180, x  740  dastlabki eritmadagi toza suv, x  60  740  60  800 g. dastlabki eritma.
x  60 x  400  60 2

M: 1-idishda 40% li, 2-idishda 35% li eritma bor. Ularni aralashtirib, 37% li bir litr eritma olish uchun har bir eritmadan necha litrdan
 x  40  y  35
 37 3 x  2 y x  1,5x  1
olish kerak? Yechish: O’rta vaznli qiymat formulasidan  x y y  1,5  x x  0,4 y=0,6 J: 0,4 va 0,6
 x  y  1 ( litr )

M: Oltin va kumushdan hosil qilingan 2 xil qotishmaning 1-sida oltin va kumush 2:3 nisbatda, 2-sida esa 3:7 nisbatda ekanligi
ma’lum. Oltin va kumush 5:11 nisbatda bo’ladigan yangi qotishma hosil qilish uchun ko’rsatilgan metallarni qanday nisbatda olish
kerak?
2 2 3 3 3  3
Yechish: birinchi qotishmaning
2  3 5 qismi oltin va 2  3 5 qismi kumushdan iborat. 2-qotishmaning 3  7 10 qismi oltin va
7  7
qismi kumushdan iborat. Yangi qotishma hosil qilish uchun olingan 1-qotishmaning miqdorini x bilan va
3  7 10
2-qotishmaning miqdorini y bilan belgilaymiz. (x va y og’irlikni ifodalaydi.) x miqdordagi 1-qotishmadagi oltinning va kumushning
2 x va 3 x 3 y va 7 y
miqdori mos ravishda ga teng. y miqdordagi 2-qotishmadagi oltinning va kumushning miqdori mos ravishda
5 5 10 10
2 x 3 y
2 x 3 y 3 x 7 y 5 10  5
ga teng. Yangi qotishmaga miqdorda oltin va miqdorda kumush kiradi. Shartga ko’ra, 3
5 10 5 10 x  7 y 11
5 10
4x  3y 5 44 x  33 y  30 x  35 y x 1
 14 x  2 y Bu tenglikdan  J: 1:7
6x  7 y 11 y 7

F.O’ROQOV +99899.014.65.61 27
 Harakatga oid masalalar.

M: A va D nuqtalar orasidagi masofa 75 km. Velosipedchi A nuqtadan D nuqtaga borishda AB masofani 20 km/soat, BC masofani
10 km/s, CD masofani 5 km/s tezlik bilan 7 soatda; qaytishda esa DC masofani 15 km/s, CB masofani 12 km/s, BA masofani 10 km/s
tezlik bilan 6 soat 40 minutda o’tgan bo’lsa, AB, BC va CD masofalarni toping. Yechish: AB=x, BC=y, CD=z bo’lsin.

 x  y  z  75 km
 x  y  z  75
 x  40  AB  40 km A x B D
 x y z
 20  10  5  7 soat  x  2y  4z  140 y  20 BC  20 km
z y x 2 6x  5y  4z  400  z  15
 CD  15 km y C z
    6 soat
15 12 10 3
M: Poyezd biror masofani 120 km/soat tezlik bilan bosib o’tdi. Shundan so’ng, undan 75 km ko’p bo’lgan masofani 150 km/soat
tezlik bilan bosib o’tdi, qolgan yo’l esa o’tilganidan 135 km kam bo’lib, poyezd uni 96 km/soat tezlik bilan o’tdi. Agar poyezdning
o’rtacha tezligi 120 km/soat bo’lgan bo’lsa, yo’lning uzunligi qancha edi?
Yechish: 1-bosib o’tilgan yo’l – x km, 2-bosib o’tilgan yo’l – x+75 km, 3-bosib o’tilgan yo’l – (x+x+75)–135=2x–60 km
S  S2  S3  ... x  (x  75)  (x  x  75  135) 4x  15 (4x  15)  2400
Vo'rtacha  1 120     120
t1  t2  t3  ... x  x  75  2x  60 20x  16x  1200 50x  1500 86x  300
120 150 96 2400
80x+300=86x–300, 6x=600, x=100. Jami yo’l x+x+75+2x–60=4x+15=4∙100+15=415 J: 415 km
M: Aka-uka maktabdan uyga bir xil tezlikda qaytishardi. Kunlardan bir kun maktabdan chiqqanlaridan 15 min. o’tgach, akasi
sumkasini maktabda unutib qoldirganini esladi va maktabga qarab yugurib ketdi. Maktabga borib, o’sha zahotiyoq orqasiga ukasining
ketidan yugurdi. Shu paytda yolg’iz qolgan ukasi tezligini ikki marta kamaytirib, uyiga ketaverdi. Akasi ukasiga yetib olgach, ular
dastlabki tezlik bilan yurishdi va uyga odatdagidan 6 min. kechroq kelishdi. Akasining yugurgundagi tezligi aka-ukalarning odatdagi
tezligidan necha marta ortiq? v2 /v1=? Yechish: Yo’lni 3 qismga bo’lamiz: 1-qism akasi sumkasini maktabda unutib qoldirganini
eslaguncha yurilgan masofa (S1) , 2-qism ukasi tezlikni ikki marta kamaytirib yurgan masofa (S2) , 3-qism akasi ukasiga yetib olgach
uygacha bo’lgan masofa (S3).
v1 – aka ukalarning odatdagi tezligi,
v2 – akasining yugurgandagi tezligi S1 S2 S3
Tenglamalarni vaqtga nisbatan tuzamiz:

 S1 S2 S3 S  S  S3
Uka     1 2 6 S2 2S1  S2
v1 v1 v1 v1  0 2S2v2  S2v1  2S1v1
 tagma  tag v1 v2 1  tenglamaga
 2 ayiramiz S2 
2S1v1
umumiy mahraj bersak :
 S1 2S1  S2 S3 S  S  S3 2 2v2  v1
Aka     1 2 6 2S2v2  2S1v1  S2v1
 v1 v2 v1 v1
S1 2  15v1  v1 v2
S1+2S2+S3=S1+ S2+S3+6v1 , S2=6v1 ,  15 min, S1 =15v1 , 6v1  , 12  v2  6v1  30v1 , v2  3v1 , J : 3
v1 2v2  v1 v1

M:
3  4  5  a va 11  21  29  x bo’lsa, x ni a orqali ifodalang. Yechish: Tenglikning ikkala tomonini tagma-tag qo’shamiz.
14 24 34 14 24 34
3  4  5  11  21  29  a  x ; 1  1  1  a  x. J: x=3–a
14 24 34 14 24 34
M: Bir mol 3x–1 so’mga olinib, 0,5x+403 so’mga sotilganda foyda ko’rilsa, x ning qabul qilishi mumkin bo’lgan eng katta qiymati
qancha? Yechish: 3x–1<0,5x+403, 2,5x<404, x<161,6 J: x=161

Kompleks sonlar to'plami. C

Haqiqiy sonlar to'plami R Mavhum sonlar to'plami i2  1 , 1  i

Ratsional sonlar to'plami Q Irratsional sonlar to'plami 2 , 5 ,   3,14...,   2,71...

Butun sonlar to'plami Z.  ; Qisqarmas kasr sonlar to'plami 1 , 7 ...

2 15

Natural sonlar to'plami N. 1;  Natural bo'lmagan sonlar

to'plami
;1 

M: 1) i17=( i2)8 ∙i=(–1)8∙i=i 2) i8=( i2)4=(–1)4=1 3) i30=( i2)15=(–1)15= –1 4) (2i–1)(i+1)=2i2+i–1=2(–1)+i–1=i–3

F.O’ROQOV +99899.014.65.61 28
 5)  5  (1)  5  i 2  5  i  5
Yuqoridagi jadvaldan kelib chiqadiki, 4 soni ham natural, ham butun, ham ratsional, ham haqiqiy, ham kompleks son. 0,0(2) soni
ham ratsional, ham haqiqiy, ham kompleks sondir.
M: x  8  3 3  x ifoda haqiqiy son bo’lsa quyidagilardan qaysi biri to’g’ri?
A) x  3 B) x  8 C) 8  x D) 8  x  3 E) 8  x  3
Yechish: Toq darajali ildiz ostida xohlagan son bo’lishi mumkin, shuning uchun 3 3  x dagi x ning o’rniga xohlagan son qo’ya
olamiz. Lekin juft darajali ildiz ostida faqat nomanfiy sonlar bo’lishi kerak. Shuning uchun x  8  0, x  8 J: (C)

KORDINATALAR SISTEMASI.

1. Ikki o’lchovli Dekart kordinata sistemasi.

2. Kordinata o’qlari.
3. Kordinata choraklari.
4. Kordinata proyeksiyasi.
5. Nuqtaning kordinatasi.
6. Ikki nuqta orasidagi masofa.
7. Erkli va erksiz o’zgaruvchi.
8. Aniqlanish sohasi va qiymatlar sohasi.
y
1. Tekislikda ikkita perpendikulyar to’gri chiziqlar va u to’gri chiziqlarda olingan birlik
kesmalarni tashkil etuvchi sistemaga ikki o’lchovli Dekart koordinata sistemasi deyiladi. x
2. Gorizontal o’qqa (x) absissa o’q, vertikal o’qqa (y) ordinata o’qi deyiladi. Absissa va O
ordinata o’qlari kesishish nuqtasiga koordinata boshi deyiladi va O harfi bilan belgilanadi.

3. Кordinata o’qlari kesishishidan kordinata tekisligi 4 ta qismga bo’linadi. Bu qismlarga

koordinata choraklari deyiladi. II–ch I–ch
4. Nuqtalardan o’qlarga perpendikulyar tushiramiz, hosil bo’lgan 1 •A
o’qdagi nuqtalar nuqtaning o’qlardagi proyeksiyalari deyiladi. III–ch IV–ch
2

5. Nuqtaning o’qlardagi proyeksiyalariga mos keluvchi sonlar nuqtaning koordinatasi deyiladi.

Nuqtaning koordinatasi qavs ichida yoziladi. 1- Ox o’qidagi, 2- Oy o’qidagi nuqtaning qiymati yoziladi. 1-rasm.
M: A(2;1) B(–1,5;3) C(–2;–2) D(–3;0) E(0;–1) (1-rasm)
B
3
A(2;1)
D

6. A(x1;y1) va B(x2;y2) nuqtalar orasidagi masofa AB  x2  x1 2   y2  y1 2 E

N
formula bilan topiladi. M: M(2;–1) va N(5;3) nuqtalar orasidagi
masofa necha sm? MN  5  22  3  12  25  5 sm
5
M

7. Funksiyadagi “x” harfi funksiyaning argumenti deyiladi, “y” harfi funksiya deyiladi. Qiymat beriladigan o’zgaruvchiga erkli
o’zgaruvchi (x), qiymati hisoblanadigan o’zgaruvchiga erksiz o’zgaruvchi (y) deyiladi. M: y=2x+5 x=1 da y=7, x= –2 da
y=1. Bunda y ning qiymati x ga bog’liq, shuning uchun y erksiz.

F.O’ROQOV +99899.014.65.61 29
 8. Funksiyadagi argumentning (x ning) qabul qiladigan qiymatlari aniqlanish sohasi deyiladi. “Funksiya x ning qanday
qiymatlarida aniqlangan” yoki “x ning qabul qila oladigan qiymatlar sohasini toping” deyilganda aniqlanish sohasi nazarda tutiladi.)
Funksiyaning (y ning) qabul qiladigan sohasi qiymatlar sohasi deyiladi. Chiziqli funksiyalarning aniqlanish sohasi va qiymatlar
sohasi har doim  ; bo’ladi. M: 1) y=3x–1 funksiyada A.S. x=  ; , Q.S. y=  ; ushbu belgilar “minus
cheksizdan plus cheksizgacha” deb o’qiladi.
2) y  1 funksiyada A.S x=  ;2)  (2 ; , Q.S y=   ; 0 )  (0 ;   sababi, y nolga teng bo’lolmaydi. Chunki 1 kasr
x2 x2
nolga teng bo’lishi uchun surat nolga teng bo’lishi kerak, ya’ni suratda o’zgaruvchi bo’lishi kerak.
Masala: A(a; a∙b) nuqta kordinata tekisligining III choragida yotsa, quyidagilardan qaysi biri II chorakda?
A) (a∙b ; a) B) (1–a ; b–1) C) (a+b ; a) D) (b ; a) E) (a ; b)
Yechish: III chorakda x ning ham, y ning ham ishorasi manfiy. Shundan kelib chiqib, a–manfiy son, a∙b ko’paytma ham manfiy
bo’lishi uchun b musbat son bo’lishi kerak.
A javobda a∙b<0, a<0 – bu III chorak C javobda a+b noma’lum, a<0
B javobda 1–a>0, b–1 bu noma’lum. D javobda b>0, a<0 – bu IV chorak E javobda a<0, b>0 – bu II chorak J: (E)

CHIZIQLI FUNKSIYA.

1. Chiziqli funksiya.
2. Chiziqli tenglama.
3. Chiziqli funksiyaning grafigini chizish.
4. Chiziqli funksiyaning turlari.
5. Burchak koeffitsiyentining ma’nosi.
6. Chiziqli funksiyaning ko’rinishlari.
7. Ikkita to’g’ri chiziqning o’zaro joylashishi.
8. Chiziqli funksiyaning xossalari.
9. y=kx+b funksiyani simmetrik ko’chirish.

1. Funksiyalarning eng sodda ko’rinishi chiziqli funksiyadir. Uning grafigi to’g’ri chiziqdan iborat. Chiziqli funksiyaning ko’rinishi
y=kx+b. Bunda k – burchak koeffitsiyenti, b – ozod son.
2. Chiziqli funksiyani chiziqli tenglama ko’rinishida yozish mumkin. Buning ham grafigi to’g’ri chiziqdan iborat bo’ladi. Uning
ko’rinishi ax+by+c=0 M: y= –7x+2  –7x–y+2=0
3. Chiziqli funksiyaning grafigini chizish uchun kamida ikkita nuqta kerak bo’ladi va iloji boricha koordinata o’qlari bilan kesishish
nuqtalarini olish kerak. Kordinata o’qlari bilan kesishish nuqtalari (0;y) va (x;0). M: y=2x+1 funksiyaning kordinata o’qlari bilan
kesishish nuqtalari x=0 da y=2∙0+1=1, (0;1) va y=0 da 0=2x+1, –1=2x, x=–0,5 (–0,5;0) (10–rasm.)
4. Chiziqli funksiyaning turlari 3 xil bo’ladi.
a) O’suvchi chiziqli funksiya. Bunda burchak koeffitsiyenti musbat bo’ladi k>0. M: y=4x–5, y=0,1x+12
b) Kamayuvchi chiziqli funksiya. Bunda burchak koeffitsiyenti manfiy bo’ladi k<0. M: y= –4x–5, y=–1,5x
c) Na o’suvchi, na kamayuvchi (o’zgarmas, ya’ni x o’qiga parallel to’g’ri chiziq). Bunda k=0 bo’ladi. M: y=0,4 (1–rasm.) yoki y=5
5. k burchak koeffitsiyenti to’g’ri chiziq bilan x o’qining musbat yo’nalishi orasidagi burchakning tangensiga teng. k  tg
(3–rasm.)
Chiziqli funksiyada ozod son necha bo’lsa to’g’ri chiziq y o’qini shu nuqtadan kesib o’tadi.
6. Chiziqli funksiyaning ko’rinishlari: y=0,4 x=2
a) k>0, b>0 bunda to’g’ri chiziq 1,2,3–choraklardan o’tadi. 2–rasm 1–rasm
0 1 2

b) k>0, b<0 bunda to’g’ri chiziq 1,3,4–choraklardan o’tadi.

4–rasm 3–rasm

c) k>0, b=0 bunda to’g’ri chiziq 1,3–choraklardan o’tadi. (5–rasm.)

F.O’ROQOV +99899.014.65.61 30
d) k<0, b>0 bunda to’g’ri chiziq 1,2,4–choraklardan o’tadi. (6–rasm.)

e) k<0, b<0 bunda to’g’ri chiziq 2,3,4–choraklardan o’tadi. (7–rasm.)

f) k<0, b=0 bunda to’g’ri chiziq 2,4–choraklardan o’tadi. (8–rasm.) 5–rasm. 6–rasm. 7–rasm. 8–rasm.

j) k=0, b>0 bunda to’g’ri chiziq 1,2–choraklardan o’tadi. M: y=0,4 (2–rasm)

h) k=0, b<0 bunda to’g’ri chiziq 3,4–choraklardan o’tadi. M: y= –1 (9–rasm) (9–rasm)
i) x=2 bunda to’g’ri chiziq Oy o’qiga parallel bo’ladi, 1,4–choraklardan o’tadi. (1–rasm)

7. Chiziqli funksiyaning 5 ta xossasi mavjud: a) aniqlanish sohasi b) qiymatlar sohasi c) kordinata o’qlari bilan kesishish
nuqtalari d) ishoralari e) o’sish, kamayish oraliqlari. Argumentning biror oraliqdagi kichik qiymatiga funksiyaning ham kichik
qiymati, shu oraliqdagi katta qiymatiga funksiyaning ham katta qiymati hosil bo’lsa, funksiya shu oraliqda o’suvchi bo’ladi. a<b va
f(a)<f(b). M: y=2x–3 funksiyadagi x larning o’rniga 1,2,3,4… sonlarini qo’ysak, y= –1,1,3,5… javob chiqadi, ya’ni x ning
o’rniga katta son qo’yaversak, y ham katta son chiqaversa, bu funksiya o’suvchi bo’ladi. Agar argumentning biror oraliqdagi kichik
qiymatiga funksiyaning katta qiymati, shu oraliqdagi katta qiymatiga funksiyaning kichik qiymati hosil bo’lsa, funksiya shu oraliqda
kamayuvchi bo’ladi. a<b va f(a)>f(b). M: y= –x+2 funksiyadagi x larning o’rniga 1,2,3,4… sonlarini qo’ysak, y=1,0,–1,–2…
javob chiqadi, ya’ni x ning o’rniga qancha katta son qo’yaversak, y shuncha kichik son chiqaversa, bu funksiya kamayuvchi bo’ladi.
Chiziqli funksiyaning 5 ta xossasiga oid bitta o’suvchi va bitta kamayuvchi funksiyadan misol ko’ramiz:
M: y=2x+1 funksiyaning grafigini son berib chizamiz: 10–rasm
a) aniqlanish sohasi: x=   ; 
b) qiymatlar sohasi: y=   ; 
c) kordinata o’qlari bilan kesishish nuqtalari: (0;1) va (–0,5;0) –1 0 1 2
d) ishoralari: x=  ;0,5 da y<0, x=( 0,5 ;  ) da y>0
e) o’sish, kamayish oraliqlari: x=   ;  da y  o’suvchi, sababi y(2)=5 < y(3)=7 10–rasm.

M: y=–2x–3 funksiyaning grafigini son berib chizamiz: (11–rasm)

a) aniqlanish sohasi: A.S. x=   ; 
b) qiymatlar sohasi: Q. S. y=   ;  –2 –1 0 1 2
c) kordinata o’qlari bilan kesishish nuqtalari: (0;–3) va (–1,5;0) –1
d) ishoralari: x= ;1,5 da y>0, x=( 1,5 ;  ) da y<0 –2

e) o’sish, kamayish oraliqlari x=   ;  da y  kamayuvchi, sababi y(2)= –7 > y(3)= –9 –3 11–rasm.

8. Kordinata tekisligida ikkita to’g’ri chiziq quyidagicha joylashadi:

a) ular bir nuqtada kesishadi (sistema bitta yechimga ega). Buning uchun burchak koeffitsiyentlari teng bo’lmasligi
kerak. y=kx+b va y=k1x+b1 to’g’ri chiziqlar k  k1 bo’lgandagina kesishadi. M: 1) y=4x–5 y=3x+1 4  3
2) n ning qanday qiymatlarida tenglama yagona yechimga ega. 2ny–n=3y–3n. Bu yerda 2 ta chiziqli funksiya
 y  2ny  n k  2n
2n  3, J : n  1,5
bor. y1  3y  3n bunda, k1  3
 2 2
b) ikkita to’g’ri chiziq parallel bo’lishi uchun (sistema, tenglama yechimga ega emas) burchak koeffitsiyentlari teng
bo’lib, ozod sonlar teng bo’lmasligi kerak. k=k 1, b  b1. M: 1) y=5x–5 y=5x+1
 n0 n0 J :n  0
2) n ning qanday qiymatlarida tenglama yechimga ega emas. nx+4=10n, n∙x+4=0∙x+10∙n 4  10n n  0,4

 2n  3 n  1,5 J : n  1,5
3) n ning qanday qiymatlarida tenglama yechimga ega emas. 2ny–n=3y–3n,  n  3n n0

4) a ning qanday qiymatlarida tenglama yechimga ega emas. 10(ax–1)=2a–5x–9, 10ax–10=2a–5x–9
 10a  5 a  0,5
J: a ning bunday qiymati mavjud emas. (Bu sistema yo 1 ta yechimga, yoki cheksiz ko’p yechimga ega.)
 10  2a  9 a  0,5

5) a va b ning qanday qiymatlarida tenglama yechimga ega emas. a(x–3)=b(2x+5) ax–3a=2bx+5b J: a=2b va a, b  0
6) xy+3x–12y+4=0 bog’lanishda y ning qiymati necha bo’lsa x haqiqiy son bo’lmaydi. Yechish: x(y+3)–12y+4=0∙x+0
12 y  4
y+3=0, 12y–4  0. J: y= –3 yoki x  , y= –3 da x=O
y3
с) ikkita to’g’ri chiziq ustma–ust tushishi uchun (sistema cheksiz ko’p yechimga ega) burchak koeffitsiyentlari ham,
ozod sonlari ham mos ravishda teng bo’lishi kerak. k=k1, b=b1. M: 1) y= –2x+1 y= –2x+1
2) a ning qanday qiymatlarida tenglama cheksiz ko’p yechimga ega bo’ladi. 10(ax–1)=2a–5x–9 10ax–10=2a–5x–9
 10a  5 a  0,5 J : a  0,5 Tek: 10(–0,5)x–10=2(–0,5)–5x–9,
 10  2a  9 a  0,5 –5x–10= –5x–10, ayniy.


F.O’ROQOV +99899.014.65.61 31
d) ikkita to’g’ri chiziq perpendikulyar bo’lishi uchun ularning burchak koeffitsiyentlari ham qarama-qarshi, ham teskari
M: y  2x  6   2 x  2
1
bo’lishi kerak. k   . y1  3 x  1
k1 3 3 2
2) n ning qanday qiymatlarida ushbu funksiyalar grafiklari perpendikulyar bo’ladi. y=2n–x, y=5n(x–n)
1
k= –1, k1=5n . –1   , 5n  1, J : n  0,2
5n
9. a) y=kx+b funksiyani Ox o’qiga nisbatan simmetrik ko’chirsak, y= –kx–b ko’rinishga keladi, ya’ni k ham, b ham qarama -
qarshisiga almashadi. (quyidagi 4 ta rasmda uzuq-uzuq chiziqlar avvalgi holat, qalin chiziqlar simmetrik ko’chgandan keyingi holat)
M: y= –2x–0,5 funksiyani Ox o’qiga nisbatan simmetrik ko’chirsak, y=2x+0,5 ko’rinishga keladi. (12–rasm)

b) y=kx+b funksiyani Oy o’qqa nisbatan simmetrik ko’chirsak, y= –kx+b ko’rinishga keladi, ya’ni k qarama – qarshisiga almashadi,
b esa o’zgarmaydi. M: y=2x+1 funksiyani Oy o’qiga nisbatan simmetrik ko’chirsak, y= –2x+1 ko’rinishga keladi. (13–rasm)
c) y=kx+b funksiyani kordinata boshiga nisbatan simmetrik ko’chirsak, y=kx–b ko’rinishga keladi, ya’ni k o’zgarmaydi, b esa
qarama – qarshisiga almashadi. M: y=5x+0,2 funksiyani kordinata boshiga O(0;0) nisbatan simmetrik ko’chirsak, y=5x–0,2
ko’rinishga keladi. (14–rasm)
d) y=a to’g’ri chiziqqa nisbatan simmetrik ko’chirsak, y= –kx–b+2a ko’rinishga keladi. M: y= –x+6 funksiyani y=1 to’g’ri
chiziqqa nisbatan simmetrik ko’chirsak, y= x–6+2∙1, y=x–4 ko’rinishga keladi. (15–rasm) M: y=3x+2 funksiyani y= –3 to’g’ri
chiziqqa nisbatan simmetrik ko’chirsak, y= –3x–2+2∙(–3), y=–3x–8 ko’rinishga keladi. (16–rasm)

2
6

y=1 y= -3

6
–8
12–rasm 13–rasm 14–rasm –4 16–rasm
15–rasm
ax0  by0  c
ESLATMA: A(x0;y0) nuqtadan ax+by+c=0 to’g’ri chiziqqacha bo’lgan eng yaqin masofani topish formulasi: d 
a 2  b2
3  (1)  4  2  (2)
M: A(–1;2) nuqtadan 3x+4y–2=0 to’g’ri chiziqqacha bo’lgan eng yaqin masofani toping. d  3  0,6
32  42 5

M: B(4;–3) nuqtadan y  2 x  5 to’g’ri chiziqqacha bo’lgan masofani toping. Yechish: Avval chiziqli funksiya ko’rinishidan chiziqli
3
2  4  (3)  (3)  15
tenglama ko’rinishiga o’tkaramiz. 3y=2x+15, 2x–3y+15=0, d   32
22  32 13
c1  c2
ESLATMA: Perallel ax+by+c1=0 va ax+by+c2=0 to’g’ri chiziqlar orasidagi masofani topish formulasi: d
a 2  b2
M: y=3x–1 va y=3x–7 to’g’ri chiziqlar orasidagi masofani toping. Yechish: Avval chiziqli funksiya ko’rinishidan chiziqli tenglama
 1  (7) 6  0,6 10
ko’rinishiga o’tkaramiz. 3x–y–1=0 va 3x–y–7=0 d 
32  (1)2 10

| k1  k2 |
ESLATMA: Ikki to’g’ri chiziq orasidagi burchakni topish formulasi: tg 
1  k1  k2 

M: y=2x–4 va y= –3x+1 to'g'ri chiziqlar orasidagi o’tkir burchakni toping.

2  (3)
tg   1 J :   45 0
1  (3)  2
Masalalar: 1) Shaklga ko’ra d1  d2 bo’lsa, n=? d2
d2 to’g’ri chiziq (2;0) va (0;8) nuqtalardan o’tadi, uning ko’rinishini topamiz: 8 d1
ikkala to’g’ri chiziq uchun ham b=8. 0=k∙2+8, k=–4, y2=–4x+8

d1  d2 bo’lishi uchun k1  
1 1 0  1n8 J : n  -32
k2 shart bajarilishi kerak. y1= 4 x  8 (n;0)
4
n 2
M: y=kx+2 to’g’ri chiziq P(–7;–12) nuqtadan o’tsa, k=? –12=k∙(–7)+2, k=2
 3  k 1  b 6  k 3  6  b
M: y=kx+b to’g’ri chiziq (1;3) va (2;–3) nuqtalardan o’tsa, k va b ni toping.  3  k  2  b k  6 b9

M: y=kx+b to’g’ri chiziq 5x–7y–35=0 to’g’ri chiziqqa parallel va (2;–5) nuqtadan o’tsa, uning ko’rinishi qanday?

F.O’ROQOV +99899.014.65.61 32
Yechish: Avval y ni topamiz: 5x–35=7y, y  5 x 5 , parallellik shartiga ko’ra (k=k1)
7
k  5. y  5 x  b,  5  5  2  b, b   45 ; J : y  5 x  45
7 7 7 7 7 7
3
M: (n –1)y=n tenglama n ning qanday qiymatlarida yagona yechimga ega? Yechish: sistema bitta yechimga ega bo’lishi uchun
k  k1 bo’lishi kerak. (n –1)y=0∙y+n, n –1  0 ,
3 3
J: n  1 .
M: x(a+3)+b=2. a va b ning qanday qiymatlarida tenglama yechimga ega emas. ( k  k1 , b  b1 ) a+3=0, b  2 J: a=–3, b  2
2
M: (m –16)x+(m+3)y+4=0, tenglamasi bilan ifoda qilingan t/ch.larning ikkitasi x o’qiga parallel. Bu t/ch.lar orasidagi masofani
toping. Yechish: k=0 da to’g’ri chiziq Ox o’qiga parallel bo’lar edi, shundan, m2–16=0, m  4

0  (4  3) y  4  0, y1  4 va 0  (4  3) y  4  0, y2   4 , J: y1  y2  32
7 7

Murakkab funksiyalar.

f(x) vag(x) lar uchun f(g(x)) va g(f(x)) lar murakkab funksiya deyiladi. M: f(x)=2x+5 va g(x)=x2–1 bo’lsa, f(g(x)) va g(f(x)) ni
toping. Yechish: f(g(x)) ni topish uchun f(x) funksiyadagi x larning o’rniga (o’zi bitta x qatnashgan) g(x) funksiyani, ya’ni x2–1 ni
qo’yish kerak: f(g(x))= f(x2–1)=2(x2–1)+5=2x2–2+5=2x2+3. g(f(x))=g(2x+5)=(2x+5)2–1=4x2+20x+24
k
y=f(kx  b), y=f(ax2+bx+c), y  f   ko’rin11ishidagi funksiyalar ham murakkab funksiya hisoblanadi.
x
2) f(x–3)=4x+9 bo’lsa, f(5)=? Yechish: x–3=5, x=8. f(8–3)=4∙8+9=41, J: f(5)=41
1 1
3) f(x)= va g(x)  x  3 bo’lsa, f(g(19))=? Yechish: g(19)= 19  3  4 f(g(19))=f(4)=1/4–1= –0,75
x
4) f(x+2)=3x+a va f(4)=11 bo’lsa, a=? Yechish: f(4) ni hosil qilish uchun f(x+2) ga x ning o’rniga 2 qo’yish kerak. (x+2=4, x=2.)
f(2+2)=3∙2+a, f(4)=6+a, 11=6+a, J: a=5.
5) f(x+1)=4x2+2x+5 bo’lsa, f(x)=? Yechish: t+1=x, t=x–1. f(x–1+1)=4(x–1)2+2(x–1)+5=4x2–8x+4+2x–2+5, J: f(x)=4x2–6x+7
6) f(x+1)+f(x+3)=2x2+12x+18 bo’lsa, f(x)=? Yechish: f(x)=ax2+bx+c. f(x+1)=a(x+1)2+b(x+1)+c, f(x+3)=a(x+3)2+b(x+3)+c,
f(x+1)+f(x+3)=ax2+2ax+a+bx+b+c+ax2+6ax+9a+bx+3b+c=2ax2+8ax+2bx+10a+4b+2c = 2ax2+(8a+2b)x+10a+4b+2c  2x2+12x+18
Ushbu tenglik ayniyat bo’lishi uchun tenglikning o’ng tomonidagi x2 oldidagi son tenglikning chap tomonidagi x2 oldidagi songa, x li
sonlar x li songa va ozod sonlar ozod songa teng bo’lishi k–k.
 2a  2
  a 1
 8a  2b  12  8  1  2b  12, b  2 f(x) = ax2+bx+c, J: f(x)= x2+2x
 10a  4b  2c  18
 10  1  4  2  2c  18, c  0

7) f(x)=5x–4 va f(g(x))=3x–1 bo’lsa, g(x)=? Yechish: 5∙g(x)–4=3x–1, J: g(x)= 3x  3

5
8) f(f(x))=4x+12 to’g’ri chiziq tenglamasi uchun ushbu tenglik o’rinli bo’lsa, f(1) quyidagilardan qaysi biriga teng bo’la oladi.
A) 6 B) 8 C) 10 D) 14 E) –12
Yechish: to’g’ri chiziq tenglamasi f(x)=kx+b, f(f(x))=k(kx+b)+b=4x+12, k2x+kb+b=4x+12 tenglik to’g’ri bo’lishi uchun
 k2  4  k  2 y1  2x  12 y(1)  2  1  12  14
kb  b  12  2b  b  12, b  12, b  4 y 2  2x  4 y(1)  2  1  4  6 –14 yo’q, 6 bor. J: A
  1 2

F.O’ROQOV +99899.014.65.61 33
 1"Faqatsonlarqatnashgan
tengsizliksontritengsiziikcleyiladi.
Fi: 5,
,i>tr,7_0,3
belgiiari
birxilvJbirtomonsa bo'lsa
vo'nalgan
I f,-,flr'tr'fi,HX::ifilf bir xirma,nori
tengsizriktar
tieyiradi.
/,1:7<eva3<5
f -

a; birxil nra'nolitengsizliklarni
hadrna_had .1::X
qe,sltisltmumki*.
,',, xatobc,tadr.)
{ayirsair
b) tengsizlikda
O+,:>D+rl #L
birorqo'shiluvchinibelgidanboshqatomoriga
ishorasini
o'zgartirib,o"tkazish
mumkin.f4: g-2x>6-x, g*6>_;*f
1,
2>x yoki x<2 -,,4- ,uuo6,*=1_oo;Z)
tengsizlikning
ikkalatomonigaharnbi. xir sonniqo'shish
lc) nrumkin.ivr,x2-4x>-5 x24x+4>-5+4
d) tengsizlikning
ikkalatomoniniham noldanfarqti bir xil (x_2j2>_t aSniy x= (_"o;.c)
nntsbatsonga ko,paytirish(bo,rish)mumkin.
7x-18 < 4x+24 3*< O, x < 14 i4, 0,7x-l,g < 0,4x+2,4
x=(-co;l4l i,l.$r,*,*.fii+!r*,$g{.:jli.cii,t$'{ I.i0
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ikkatatomoniniham bir xil manfiy songa
ko'paytirsakyoki bo'rsak,tengsizrik
ivlr l8-2xsa'5-0'5x l'(-2) -36+4x2-9+x belgisiqararna-qarshisigao,zgaradi.
4x-x)-9+36 3x>-27 9 (yoti uuo,nu*yozishmumkin.)
k<6 bo,lsa,Jm+5q_Jpning engkichik 1> "=[s;*j
butun
e e ] w r lqiyrnatini
r r r ' 4 ' r l r toping.
tuPlng'
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[t I tm > t
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bo'rgan
burun
sonrar
ichida
ti:;l l-tto'r':r, engkichigi23.

Mt a<2,b>3 bo'lsa,a+3<b+2ekanliginiisbotlang. yechish: ! o . 2 1 *, ]I-aa <i -2l a - b < 2 - \

lb>31.-t a-h<-l
Tengsizlikdan3 ni o'ngga,b ni chapgao,tkarsak,
bundaham a-b<2-3, a-b<-l hosilbo'ladi.
Tengsizlikisbotlandi.
M, x<0 bo'lsa, +5s-f,ekanliginiisborlang.
Yeclrisir:
f Umumiy
maxraj
berami
,. ,d-ffJlL. o, 0# = o suratdagi
ifodadoim musbatyoki nolgateng.Maxraj esa
shartgako,ra manfiv. nusbat son = tttanfiY sot'
,A,rfy- srn
4. Tengsizlikningndari 2 xil:
Qat'iy tengsizlikbu - t' < ' * ko'rinishdabo'ladi. chegaraqiymat
la) sonlaro'qida halqa bilan bergilanadi.Tengsizrikniyechimini

|':,:,,*'^"o,"ffi"-n'nn"].=[:5J"6:,:]i.sonningo'oouo,u''onakirrrlaydi'M;*',:x:(s;*)
i ' ) )
i -
;b) Noqat'iv tengsizlikbu - ) ' ( ko'rinishdabo'ladi'
chegaraqivmatsonlaro'qidanuqta bilan
belgilanadi.
Tengsizrikni
yechimini
''yozayotganda yopiqo.aliq'kesma[ | bilan yoziladi.
sonningo'zi shuoraliqqakiradi. w, --_irt/mf.
I 13-5<zx+d
jNechtabuiunsonuslibusistemaningyechimibo [ -,:l<a :rrj i ? -l
J*= -. t_= [r -, ,l ia l
I,x<4 J:Sta.-1,0,1,!03
Kesishmaga oid soddatengsizliklar: i r . +

i'.fiilt ffi .r>{ yoki,=[s;*) , {.:?rt W -l <x<1

'fu" y . o t i: r = ( - t ; : ]

i3f::rr :r=s 4.f,2-;,W; x<-l y o k ix = ( - * ; - l )

E$it-A"['M"{:Ikkitateskarisonlaryig'indisiuchun
quyidagiayniyato'rinli: F.{jl,r*$i?.;ji
-r:iit}il3i;}{:jliqi'i,i]
.a)agarsonmanfiybo'lsa-2dankattabo,lmaydi.
x<0da, M: _3+(_$>_1,1:1
"*l=(*;_21
I
jb)agarsonmusbarbo'lsa2dankic{rikbo'rmaydi.
x>0da, x+a:[2;co) M: tl =#=r#
*-f 2) 1,= -*
i funksiyaningqiymatlarsohasi-
r[2;*) T y=**u e . s = ? = a q a + = 6 . ( < : ; _ 2 J v[ z ; a ) = ( _ m ; _ 1 2 ] w [ r 2 ; a )
sababi_misol
shartidaa ningmusbatyoki manfiyligiayilmagan.
l o
| $ v=-ti+tfx2 tunksivaningengkichikqivmatiniroping.
v=#*#"r=r ouurichidagisonraro,zaro
[#.#j
 teskariva musbatsonlarbo'lganiuchun 5.[2;a):[10;o) J: 10
,, r-)v
''tisollar: -Tf = 2 va*t't'.o bo'lsa,quyidagilardan
qaysibiri to'g'ri. A) x>y
D B) x<y c) x>l D) y<-g E)
l'-echish:x-2y--6y, x=8y; y' doim rnusbatuchunx3 dagix ning manfiy sonekanligikelib chiqadi. x=8y bo'lgani uchun/ hart
manfiy sonekan.M-n, a: -l 6 bo'lganda,),= -2 bo'ladi. Tahlil: A javob xato -16>-2, B javob to'g'ri -16<_2, C javob xato
-16>1, D javob har doim o'rinli emas-2<-8, E javob xato- chunki,2 ta manfiy sonning
ko'paytmasimusbatbo'ladi. J: (B)

i{"s"|*: Bif suzuvchito'lqinlargaqarshirninutiga I2 m,to'lqinlarbo'ylab

l6 m suzyapti.
Suzuvchidengizdafaqat42 minut
olsa,orqagaqaytaolishiuchunqirg'oqdanengko'pi bilannechametruzoqlasha oladi?
x - oqimgaqarshisuzganminuti,T - oqim bo'ylabsu-zgan minuti.Bundasuzuvchiqaytibqirg'oqqachiqaolishiuchunlZx Sl6y

J: l2'24:288m

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1. tengsizti{pa
Cfi.iziqti uningycfrimi-
2.
3.
4.
Girksfrrn.
{esisfrma.
Oratiqkr1irfasfimasiva
fosisfrmasi.
trri:-4
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6. tengfamataf'sistemasini
1echisfr usufkn.
1. Chiziqliifodaqatnashgan tengsizlikchiziqli tengsizlikdeyitadi.Chiziqlitengsizlikning yechimideyilganda
shutengsizlikni
qanoatlantiruvchi sonlarto'plamitushuniladi. M' 5x-6>2-3x, 8x>8, x>l yoki x:(1;co)
Tengsizlikniyechayotganda noto'g'ri tenglik kelib chiqsayechimbo'sh to'plam O , doimiy to'g'ri tenglik kelib chiqsayechim
ayniy (-3qo)bo'ladi.fvl:3(x-4)>3x+1,3x-12>3x+1.0>l3 b (x-3)'?) 0 ayniy ;: (-co;co)
2' Ikkita oraliqning(to'plamning)birlashmasi degandashundayto'plamnitushunishker.akki,bundaberilganikkita
to,plamni
barchasonlari(elementlari)qatnashishikeratrr.frl: q)t.if,9,r,i],ill,t1ili',r_14.6.1ij1
":
2
7 A UB : l-5;4;l ;2;6;7
;a;y)

't'i:iLAT:11.'\:
kesishmadasonlaro"qininghamyuqori,hampastkiqisminingbo'yalganoralig'iniyechimqilib olamiz;
esafarqiyo'q,ya'ni faqattepasiyoki faqatpastkiqisrnibo'yalganbo'lsahamo'shaoraliqniyechimqilib olaveramiz.
4. Sonlioraliqlarda
btilashtna
quvidagicha
olinadi: fvl: x:(-i3;-6lt_tl-2;l)ulll;ll) va y:[-12;-5] t*i[0;9]u{t 5t30J

-13 -X2 -6 -5 -2 A 7 I 1ll 15 27 3{J 7at-t y:(-1 3;-51rJ [_2;9)U [11;30]

L
xttddishumisoloraliqlar kesishmasidaquyidagichaolioadi:
xAy=f-nz;-dlLr[0;i]lt{15;27}
la Eirlaslrmaga oid soddatengsizliklar:
,v o .[.r > -] *ft{{4##fl 's;'r"{' -il
1"'[:"i3' -l ;r>-l' vokr '=(-l;*) [.t t ;r:e.R yoki 3=(<o;+co)
qt L ' <3
CT .r[-. < -l J[l+-.-{+rs
r'[."ir -1 ; '"=(-'";-l)u[l;*) +. lr.-l .r=(-*;al
uJ, Lr<J

j-99899.014.65.61
 h'fisorshertidatengsizlikrar'"orasida so'zi
"va" bc,iriaylehimiarningorr,rnTTj oringxi,
tengaizlikniqan*atlantirishi ya,ni L,uyechrrasisternadagihar rrir
kerak' f,'}:3v-4<21..v+n.!+3va qx-tfz
tengsizlikrar-n'i
qanoatrantiruvrhusoniu,
Bundayuqoridagicrriznraga to,praminitoping.
auorun,s=[2;g) ii,ri'r,,.:,:,,: -r-rir:!.jii.li]r:i
Bir nechtatengsrzliklanri "iis.rri
birlashrnaqilih lechavotganda bir;r tengsizrik€rbo,rsa,
T1,':':;:.}- l,eshjrnq.rganraridabo,radi.
Pr'-J>2x+6 - + X . l .l: x=i-e;4J
l-;>o
Bir ireclrtaterrgsizliklanri
t'-T3;-it:o-T:l1.ot?uroubi'o. tengsizlik
ai"niybo,lsa,qcrsanlarini -,,ss
<f -t
lechiiiqsd6a, -^L: *_:
svlurtlrl
(**;*+ gachaolish kerak. rvt:fiQx-67+::.t l- ..
I l2-r-8<(2r+3) l _ S < t 8 aynry ,; = (-co;co)
1 .ur<_2 I 6
fii,$1l,,{F&6e:
Agarkesishmada
biror tengsizlik6 bo,lsa,qolganlariniyechibo,tlr.maymiz,
yecnlb
tL'rBilllr4rtnl o,tirmaymi yechim6 bo,taal,
f.r2(;c-3i<0 [,rz6r-:;< O I
1 "t . il -+ bo'slriq'plam Javob:6
Ja'ob:
E
i,..:'tlt=o 1(;'1;)?,0P*o
Agarkesishmadabilor tengsizlikayniy bo,lsa,yechimqolganlarida
bo,ladi. {rr-12 1o loyu., x=(3;o:)
Agar kesishmada I"-3to {":>i
bir nechatengsizlik'mhsalan4 ta,tengsizlik
bor bo'rsa: l - va 2- tengsizliklarningjavoblari
i";:b$:i,:;LX'ifi'fl',T::fi::,""r",j.",:*',,,:l1ll:
b;l;-,"bbffi;;;;:,;s,i"rikning
javobi kesishtiriladi.shu
5'Qq'sh tengsizrikni q;fi.sil';u
vecrruvotgand" reslsltiuaai.o
olamiz' "'tiuo.u.,u*i,";;*';;,til1rff#1,.,-ff:1,t|j:'lt'#jlll,lyurr.i,rur
(sistema
qilibvechainizi to,g,.i
fifi*fi"'fffi111;,Tffilfillsishmasiri o** ifodani yashirgand?noto,g,r.i
tengrikkerib
chiqsa.
f4: -2<2x+8<4 -2<...<4 J ayniy -t
I x.r-<> --52
{ T*u^t
t zy+E<4 I ---?W* *=q-s;-2)
JIdd>s-x>l r x:b
I--

l5-r<Jt0O x>-5 \\\\\\ o r

L i_jr>ll r<-6 _6 _Stlutliltnu .r = (_co;_eu[_5;oo)

tenglamalar
sistemasi
ni ningqandayqiymatlarida
manfiyqi arqabur
oir.oir :i=rF
{5?*
-i]i':i -lol' = 5- +3oy= 6-5
3nrv
t).r'*Jar]r= 6 3y(m+ l0) = I m < -10 f *rt +'*iifl.v]*){jT$*ti.{i1
lv!,a ning qandayqiymatlarida3(x+l
)=44u* tenglaman ildi1r-Z dankaffa,bo'ladi? yechish:
renglamaningildizi deganir degani.
x>-Z ni yechamiz.3x+J=4au*, x(a-3 -t _rra_o
)= _1, x = +_>_2.
a-5 l}f'0,
. a-3 Tl,o,
a-3
;r a=(_m;3)u(3J;oo) 3,5
6. Tenglamalarsistemasi
3 usuldayechiladi./.*,rjsq.;i; +,JSi:.*q**ii?j,,;$.,fit
l) a'niga qo'yishusuli.Bundabitta sisternld
;;;:;";;"Hr'rlllr;o,:,.il1i,ojffJ;lflLTi;1,il11 ortiq
^ 2 ve ttnrtqn^ni^ tengrama
+^__t^__, beririshi mumkin mi-sorda
euyidagi r-tengramadan;r
- ni
{P:;ii=^, i,r1--ri-rr/=, ra;!f5,,2+s
zty=l+E
5y=n0
y=-2
a.(-21-7=x x =-20 I :(-2o;-2) v^__:
-5:{T_el-i'.t'Tq ,
p' ' 1 . ) : : 2 + l 1 , = 2 y : l - | 3 i . 1 " x i 7 l x . + 3 x ! = ' , r = : ? - y t = 7 + 3 . ( - 2 ) = | :1
{
f-t'-3r=z t2+x 1't+3/1=2 +ii'l*-z= x)=Lls ) , 2 = 7 + i . ( 0 1 5 ) = l , l sJ : G 2 ; l()0 , 2 5 ; 7 , 7 s )
I

:':::;:';!:,'y#!!;;iltffi:Hffi,;*#1'#lj:;,i:fi:"':-i:Tlqlr
4 lrrutsr t D..E orctsaY koettitsiyentlarinltenglashtirib,tagma-tag lor:'q1 ozod son,ami2-,omoniga
o,,karamiz
qo'shamizqaii.ry*ta- q;;n;i x ning
loki / ning oldidagi
Bundanmaqsadbir o'paruvchili tenglama t bo,rsa,
;.J#J**'jj:^r]',T*#?#,i|Hl;"TT5:1lltt"*n;;"ffiir',"t-'qarama-qarshiishorari qo,shamiz
bo'lsa. o n'shami
,
hosil qilish.
- 17*+'l--lLnl.a (qr- ..
Jtx+Zy-VlOl*l -llr+ei=-+
l2tx+6y=3- x =3 2y=_20
llTx+61,/=-91 l.l^+zi,=1 /=_10
4x:12

,", ]f ' - d u = - l l . o l u -2 v=-1 -sl +2

[,ia='o,ru-:p f to l2a-v=-3ei
-ff --.J
: -i;-----.-'; ::;;,
l2n-4v=-16
J :(-20;-l)

IIL 3 tao',z'garuvchi
gatlashgan
sistemani
*.n,*or'i-11',:..rirrl",-u,ran 3- o,zgaruvgrrining
ordidagikoeffirsiyentni
tengrashririb
illXll,'i;i"H,';ff";;1,:ttTllfd;;fflnl*t',#ll5[:;y*#"Tffiffi:,Hiii,'sr,unoui
";,ei*u,ii
Y*
 o"*?|;'/joj,n* = o' ildizlarni
3-tenglikka
qo'yib,tekshir.amiz,
*.]ii;?t;j ,=g. fropilgan
U*-sy=l :4y='-te z +-s J: ""r#P6g'19
4,28=r-+xatotengfik.
{ f;=l
,,|,1!^;{r.-7==}t
'12.;y;,=; '*" -4y*iz=!3' - r-qltory2eko'paytirib,
'-*rJJH'rt-"qliJffiu"-o -!-+v+27=11':,==1
-1.
{2x--2r+42=t6
:-q"r"-.ffii"tr"ii"*'
IHI;:-|
v=-l
r:t;-tFi
H:!e
3) grafik usttl -banda ikkala chiziqli funksiyaninggrafiklaribitta kordinatatekisligida
chiziladiva ular kesishgannuqraning
kordinatalariyechim'gilibolinadi. Quyidagitenglamalarsistemasinigrafik usuldayeching.
i. I -r- r'= I
^tu' ---. , .
1;'*ir=b 5x-l tunksiyauchun
(0;-t), (t;p),(3;2),(_1;_Z)
l:',1-'r.r,1.: ;: "r-irt::'1:
f{::'l :;,J-..:.i

, =! tunksiyauchun
(0;3),(3;z),\p;g,
(a;!)
Funksiyaning
grafikiarix:3va y:2tlchiziqlardakssishdi.Deniak,javob: (3;z)

d{is<'l: t) rr ning qandayqiymatlarida

tenglamalan
sister:rasining
yectrimikordinatatekisliginingrv-choragrga
tegishlibo,ladi.
iKoordinara ceicisiigininglv-cholagiga iegisiiiiib{tllaril.*lsgaai;i>;,y<Diiegan". \ 3 x -t=7vp-11
' ' / ' ' ' 1-.-+ y=m-5 4t=fi4q-16 2m-4>0 -
x=Znt-4 rnrZ
4y=2011--28 \ffa
Jr_*.r=hn-111.3 -_fix+3y=2tm-33
\lx-1i=1n-5 ' y - - s , n 7 i -5m-7<O
-.'r,+" ',I,
1 3 * - y= n - 5 | 1,4 2 -:O {butenglamalaming

FVAP fih*$A,
1. 'I{ua{rat tengfama.
2. Uning turfai vaychim[ari.
3. \vadrat tengforuani iftfu ftadntngfotattratiga ajrctisft.
4. I{va&at tengfamanifut' p a7tuvcfr.i{arga ajratish.
5. ,l/jet teoremasi.
6. livadrat teng{amaning tafrfiti.
7. Gi{vadrat tengfanafar.

3' Agar tenglamadabitta o'zgaruvchiqatnashsava u ikkinchi darajalitenglamabo'lsa, kyadrat terglama deflladi. Ko,rinishi
ax2+bx+c=0.Bundaa-boshkoeffitsiyent,b-ikkinchi koeffitsiyent, c-ozodson,Fr: -5x2+3x-4=6-ushiu
kvadrattenglarnaning
barchakoeffltsiyentlari toping. -5+?+(-4) = -6
ylg'indi.qini
2, Kv adrat tenglamaning turlar.iquyidagilarI
a) To'Ia kvadrat tenglama- nt2+bx+c=0kc.'iinishida bc,tib,nrchchalahadharnrnaviudbo'ladi.
L b) chala kvadrat tenglama- brrndaya 2-had,yo 3-had,yoki iLrkalasihamrrravjudbc,'lmaydi\
ax2+bx=g, BXz+.:=q, axz=g
Kvadrattenglamaning yectrrimiquyidagicha:
la a) Clralakvachattenglamaning yechimlari: i ) 2x2+l0x=0, 2x{rl-5):0, x1=0; x+5:Q, sr:j.
I} _3xz+2i=rj,.,x2=g,xr,r=
,a 3) 5x2:$, x2=0, x=0. 4) x2=-6, ts (hechbir sonninskvadratl rnanfiysongatengernas.) 5) ;rz = 5
+ 1,6.
ge 6) 9x2+1=69,x2:l/9, x45 \
tja t- - D, t \-l, L= I,
b) To'la kvadrattenglarnani
yechishdaquyidagiformuladanfoydalanamiz: rt r l , , = l, ,
) tI-rt.zt
Uif a l

fc,n'irulasi.
ErinclaD=bz-ttrz+e
tliskirminavttnitepishf,orrnui;rsi.l.ii,r':.,r:*:J,.;*
!t I tit iljt;r-i):iii i:.;r;.i;_l
-f99899.0
i 4.65,6I
 .. -stJus grtj
fti, li)3x:-:)r-ni=0 D={-9)'z-4.3(-n?)=gi1-144=ZZs "-t-t
I . J D
x,:L1{ = -1 rr= 9oois=a

Agarb juft sonbo'lsa,

ushbufrrmula qulaSrdl

i',rx2-Intx+nt2-ft2:tl bunda, a:tr,, h-2tn, ,.u ='hnltlhnT:4nf +4n2 -'2m!2n

c=n+2-rt , Xl=tt|-]'t, X2=m-ttt
z,
Kvadrat tenglamaning iidizlari soni D ga bo'g'triq. Agar D>0 bo'lsa, tenglarna 2 ta yechimga ega Agar D=0 bo'lsa, iienglama iia
X
vechimga ega. Agar D<0 bo'lsa tenglama yechimga ega emas, ya'ni .d

-3"Har qanday kvadrat tenglamani ildizi bor yo'qligidan qat'iy nazar ikki hadni.ngkvadratiga ajratish murnkin.

z+bx+c=a.(x*
t)3x2-6x+i9:tO*fS,-(Az:!3'1e = 3(x-t)z+ld 1,okilx-t1z-3.12+19=3{x-Dz+16
*)'-*
2) 2x2+2x-5=2(x+0,5)2-2. 0,52-5 =z(x+o,5)2-S,s 3) xz-l 6x+4=(x-B)z- 6 4-F4-(x- I )2-60
-fi.?6)=-yxtltz 1E
434vz-s.r=-:{.i+fl, -l 6x+4:(zx4)2- I 6+4:(zx4)2-l z,
5j 41:z

4, D>0 da kvadrattenglama2 ta ildiz1aegabo'ladi va quyidagichako'paytuvchilargaajraladi:ax2+bx+s:r1*-)irXx-x:)

M' 3x2-2x-t=0D=(-2F-4.3'(-l):4+12=td
*,,=#=# *,:J xz=l jx2-zx-L=3(x++Xx-t)
yoki(3x+1)(x-t)
D=0dakvadrattenglama
I tatengildizgaegabo'ladi,ya'ni x1=x2vaquyidagicha
ko'payluvchilarga
ajraladi,ax2+bx+c:atx-Ir)2
M:4x2-12x+9:0 D=t44-4.4-g=g xt,=ffi=f =tt 4x2-t2x+9:4(x-1,5)(x-1,5):(2x-3)(2x-3):(2x-3)z
D<0 da kvadrat tenglama ildizga ega emas. Shuning uchun ko'paytuvchilarga ajralmaydi. ir il]'i.:+frtj "i-\}$ijg1+.
. ,. .
5, Kvadrat tengiamaningbosh koeffitsiyenti birga teng bo'lsa (a=1) bu kvadrat tenglamagakeltirilgan kvadrat tenglama (Viyet
teorernasi) deyiladi. f"1, x2-5x+6:0 Agar bosh koeffitsiyent birga teng bo'lrnasa, tenglamaning ikkala tomonini ham.bosh
koeffitsiyentga(a ga)bo'lib yuborishkerak.Viyet teoremasida
kvadrattenglamaildizlari yig'indisi (xr+xz)ikkiiiclii'lioeffitsiyentring

qarama-qarshisigateng,ildizlariko'paytmasiesaozodsongatens.
M,x2-9x+20=t :;tZ
{Tt=-r' fil :i=i
Bu teoremaD > 0 bo'lgandao'rinli. Agar ildizlarinio'ylabtopishqiyinbo'lsadiskinninantorqalitopishkerak.

ntisullar:r)x2-l4x+q=s
rengramaning
irdizraridan
biri3 gatengbo'lsa,
q:J J:q=33
tT l; = lt 3 tIr:At=q
Yoki.rlarning
o'miga3 ni qo'yamiz.
32-t4.3+q=0 9-42+q=0 q=33.
( -
2)kx2-sx+z=o
tenglamaning
ildizlariuchun6xl*x2=0 -v2-i.r*1=,
o'rinlibo'tsa,fnitoping. x2=-6x1
l"''",=f,
]11."=ft

. q + ( - 6 x=1| ;) - s x r = | : * , = - f ; xz=-6xr=*.i=Et *r.rr=-|.f;=|, ?*z=-6k I: k=-3.

3 ) 4 * 4 = o Ao u t 6 x 2 - Z 4 x + c =
b0o'tsa,c=?.r*rr=#=+ ,r.rr=fr * ? * i i = 1 x , + x 2 )-22 x p 2 +
'
l=; J:c=8 F,*t's".r+**+ii$ltilti:i{f
r:-$,.ril
i-, fr=i
4) 3x2+mx+n:0,
r,=i, ri:=-r-7bo'lsa,
m=?n=? x2+S^:+!=0, x:+b=-+, ! -ht-2!=-nr,
t-t-r=-t,
m - 3 n = 2 0m. =2 O + 3 n: .,d r P + m . j + n = Ol + m + 3 n = 0l ,+ 2 0 + 3 n + n = 0, I,: n = - T , n = 2 0 4 . + = +

s1xz-22x+r0=0
bo,rsa,-f,=r t={# -zzz-}'tl -46a
f ftl;;==,?i
=
6)4x2+l0x-6=0
bo'lsa,
4*4=,
xi - --.e.-'-.'."8
Tenglikningikkalatomonini4gabo'lamiz,
*r*f;r-f;=0, J"'*'tt Y= 3
, .)cl .-r2
=_X=_tr
| r!
/ s \ 25 _ ?. r_ 3\) 5 4 3
.ftrt&)2 - 3xr."2) ? l ( 4 - ' z ' , )
, = xi + x|= (rr+_4) t
= - t ' . V = L . + r. L _ z t s_ 1
' n2' ,6
ri (xr.xz)3 27 2 4 27 27
"i / r)3
t-r I 8

7) -2x2-2x+3=0
bo'lsa, { x{ + xX=? b) 116+ x8 = ? c) lw, -t - ^.:.l1- - D ! -2 ga bo'lamiz'. x2+ x-1 =O frr+r"=-1
l"i '^i: -tj
 ko'rinishini
shundav
o'zgartirishimiz
kerakki,
r'J"f1i:*i1]I;:i#:l :1:f"'"* undayi,g,indi
(xixz)vako,paytma
( xrx)
.' t=5" '::::-" t;t$ x2rpaqn=stengrama
vechimrari haqiqiy
yechimrari
:; kubrarigatens.
mi-3tnnni totl
,i =t ifi:
,," ;''=-,i't,';1it=-l',li i
lri.i,"= ,r,r=_*, _,ol,lr#:!l^i,,
iil;,,1,1',r, "
Y*ctrrish:
I:r00
^"';
^:^:::,:;:**,
uJi, "
^li^;;"',;*
tenglamaildizlari.bir.-biriga
D=0-bo,lganda
reng bo,ladi. gIx2+g1ps_16.+gk_44=0,
a=8t" b:ek-|8, c=ek-44 a:fouq'_+ gl:t2+(gk_tB)x+9k_44=0,
uT.rno_ooLo,;;(;_;;:;;t.(sk_44),
ko'pavrmasi k _4k+4*j6p+176=s,
'"'1'"t*.*.ut*t reoreinasiga
asosan, :180 Jr k _40k+l
Il':1 #i:-j:T:-
r,'|:;12-5a.'2:6 k1.k,
o,:tou r, 180
bo,lsa,
-x2 =? x2_5x+2:ri,",;_;;
"+ =;. T: l''
rr'i:ii';"i-::i,1"'r;Agarax3+bx2+cx+d:0 kubik tengram a3 ta lrdizEaega
bo,lsa,u holda:
\4' {il:r:r,;-:-}:"
'rf+
' x 2 + ix]
1 "' \r:3 ++" r i ' x- t = =
c/a o,rinridir.
M' 33x3-2lx-18=0
x 3 - 2 l x - 1 8 = 0 kkubik
u b i k tenoramani--
t e n o l a m a n i - -r..-^L^
. r . . - ^ LL^
^ L,:^ , : ttx;
x1 "ri xt c / a

,"ruxjl;*lruhmru:T::ft#ilx}1*':r,i:,,T:;,J_
ini yig'indisini toping.(_2)+(_1)+3:0.yoki
viyet teoremasiga
+*$€Bfr.$tg.€$.{il.
geometrigini
toping.3Ji;;; ,=? xt.xt.xr
=lB/3_6 t. n

x+6:0,
I_-.,=lli":Hffi1'Itrf;ffi':ii':;i";:;I:T:iilr:;i[:,phis.b,aym
x,=_6
voki
viyer
i"&"mu.igu - =-a* f =-r
uri,un,
*,**,*j=_o-,
^l:, ;1;i,;,;::#;l
rrurzrau ;ag.tnotsl
ffJ l _ l

P1'Aear:rrvax2lar xt 5x-7:0
f tenglamaningilclizlari bo,lsa,-r,3+5.rf _4.n+xl .x2_4x2nitoping.
2 t a i l d i z g a e g a v a x l v 5 x l _ 7 =0, xftxt:_S,x1,x2_/
lBerilgankvadrattenglam
r3+Sx2_7=0tengliklaro,rinli.
xl + 5xl - 4x1+ xl . x2 - 4x2=
nfu?+ 54 + ;,c1 . x2)_ 4{x1+ x2) =
xr(d + 5xt_ Tt _ 4. (_g = ;q,
6" ax2+i1x1s:g ko'rinishiria.bo'igan 0 + 20 = 20
i<vadrat Lengiarraiitii ;'rrr,
a) Kvadr.attenglamaZ ta ildizgaega ,rrrui''*i,u iro,rrrr,,,i_ruiirkiii:
bo,lishi uch"ur
j":Tr a;a0'D>0
'';:^;";":::'J;'=otengrama^;;;";;0dffi""ilili|'?oY;'uo"*"'^ bo',ishi
kerak t'na'o'n
ff ;--fi;ili;;-_"n= "j1ffiffiJ#,ffill-r'T1i:ff:'i:ilT:#
lo>0 l(a+1)2-4@-2){-a)=a2+2a+;+4a.r-sa=5a1-rja+l>0 a1=c"2vaa.:{{--trltr_r)>* tq---,/fr'...i*
i r . 1 j . , 'l i l r ' r , - : - ' r r . r - : i . ''t' w tl'l\-'tr
:.-r:,: r.i .:-; 5 )( \ 2

J;,rr= t-.o; 02) Lr (t l) w (Z;

"iho,ladi.
fvl' x2-10x+2j=L-i,,3x-9=0,
xz='.
 e)Fi.'.iadratterigIx.mai!dizga*gatr*,!nrasfigiu,;hurrB<6}bc'lisirikerai,l"fv1:1}x2rL{,1-l_{:l3D:t6-2Z?:8'
2)3xz-x+')a=gkradratfenglanraaningqandayqiymattar-ida),echimgaegaemas?
D=x-4..3'2a:n-Z1a<(.v
tr: o>f
4t+
f'tr' l) (a-?)x2-] ax+la-J:grenglamaa ning qarlda;r'qiymatlari,Ja
mr)sbat
ys6ftintlarga egabo'ladi?rv'icrat tenglama2ta musbat
vf,*himgaegabo'lishiuchun: D>0,a*fiva6<0tro'lishikerak.4a2-4ia-2X2a-3pt] a2-2a2+]a+4a-6>aur-rua62fi a:(l;6i;
' Ze-3 -)-
a*2, Bcrsirkoeflitsiyentgaba'l,itr'yuhorsak,oz+lh b=#
frx+;_;=u , _ , ( 1 ; €.A-.,*:.'M-"
< 0 a = r < s 0 )!i1.^^1 -) ; < T
,
;t {Agar shartda "musbat yechirxga e}a bo'ladi" tleyilganda a:[2;tj) bo'lar ecii, va'ni Z ni ham olar edik.]
"=(l;6)"
lin -*:?i'ii}9.{i!s.fi .1{il
l:"()'rir{!rf
2) Kvadrat tenglama ikkita rrushat iidizga ega b*'lishi uchun a>0, D>0, b<fl, p0 L,o'lishi kerak. e,zimizdan ikkita musbat
son
tanlab kvadrat tenglanra ttzamiz. xr=l va xr=J, ;2-9a115=g.
3i K,r'aelreftenglanraikkita nrr{i manfiy ildizga egal-ro'lishiuchun a>0, D>0, b>i}, c>0 bo'lishi kerak. x,=_3 \/n x2:5, x2+gx+tr
5=0.
Jvi;p *ing qandayqiymatlalida x2+2(p+! ix+9p-5=0 tenglamaningikkala ildizi iur.li va manfiy bo'ladi?
\r'*r:liish:D>0+ 4(pt+Zp+t)+(9p-5)>0, p2-7p+6>0,
p<l, p>6. c>0+ 9p_5>{J, p>5/9. 6>0+ p+l>0, p>-l uchchala
g kesishmasi- J: (5/9;1)u(6; co)
4) K-radrattenglamaikkita tengrnanfiy ildizga egabo'lishi uchuna>0,D=0, b>0, c>0 bo'lishi kerak.x,=_l rra xz-3, x2+6x-lg:rl
ftf: k ningqandayqiymatlarida lo<t-1t-z;x+o=otenglama 2 tatengmanfiyildizgaegabo'ladi? k>0; n=k2-t+L+a9-30F0,
lr2-50k+49=0,Ft va k=49; k-7>0, k>i. J: le49
5)y1vay2f+my+n=g tenglamaningildizlari. !tva),zningharbirini4tagaorttirib,ilclizlarihosilbo'lgalsorlargatengbo,lgan
kvadrattenglamatuzildi. Agar uning ozodhadi n-24 ga tengbo'lsa, m='? ),t + y2=-m ,
!t.!fn i xt= lt +4 va xz=yz*4
xr'xr={pr+4)(yt+4}=yt'1tr+4lgt+y)+16,n+4(-m)+1,6=n-24, 4m= 40, J: m=10
+ Kvadrattenglama hechbo'lmaganda bitta yechimgaegadegani- D>0 ni yechishkerakdegani.
^ , | ] ' * ^ ' =o
t-i' ienglamalar yechimgaegabo'ladigan(hechbo'lmaganda
sistemasi bittayechimgaegabo'ladigan)a ningbarcha
\riz + iz = I
qiymatlarito'plaminitoping.Yr>c'hislr:
y-x*a, (-x+a)2+12:3, Zx2-2ax+a2-3=0, D)0ni yechsak,o=t-li;JAS bo,ladi. yoki
yuqoridagitenglamadanr ni topib,pastdagitenglamaga
keltiribqo'yib yechsakhambo'ladi.
?. Bikvadmttenglamani yechishdeganda - yuqoridarajalio'zgaruvchilami
biror bir boshqao'zgaruvchikiritishorqalikvadrat
tenglarna ko'rinishigakeltiribishlashtushuniladi.
tlisol: l)x'-10x2+9=0 x2n t2-l0t+9:0 t51,, 1r=Q. x2:1,
x1,2=tl , xz=g, x3"4=*3
2) (.a+3)4+71a+3)2-S=O
(a+3)2:r tz+7t-.B=O tr:8, tz=l; (a+312-g,g (a+l)2=1, a+3=tl ay-_4, a2:2,
3' '\ (1- *x * 1 ) u * 3 . f - : - ) ' * z = q . z * g . 1 . . 7 = gt 3 + 7 t - 8 = 0 ,( t + r X r 2 - r + 8 ) =r0r =, - t ,
./ \x+l/ el=r, [*)'=-,
1x+l) x + l = _ . } ,2 x = _ t ,
{?l=-t, J:x=_0,5

4) Bikvadrat ng,a+ar+'a.6- va *2 sonlari

tenglamayasa uningildizibo,lsa.x,,r=* uJ6-, xt^a=!Z; tr:a2b, tz=4i t=x2
[i.,.+ t, = azb + 4 r. ...4_r-2i.-!r'\,-2_r.J
]2r1=^
'tz =4a2b
I tr

-' Ixl+4v=16r'+v3
tlj. r*yi=5(l+.ri) fx3-rrt =l6x-4v '. .{ ix (' x r - l e = 1 4 1 1 2 -' '4 ) x2:-l6 -,,. x 4 - 3 2 x 2 + 2 s 6= 4 + \ , 2
t vt= qf sxz./ s.rilriJa 5" Lst2
xu-,32x2+256=1z5xa+100x2,
124x4+l3zx2-256=0,
t,=1,ir=-@t xr,z=tl; j,r=+=3, ;,,=l-16 =-3. ,,,1,11,

o , { . ' n y 3 ^ + x 2 y + t 1 , 2 ',=\! x5 -+ 0 ! I -
r :zl r) zFl+x1z ,+2y)2=)5= 2 I - . - r ' r l ,,
x. .',t !. = x } + ; , 3 4 1 2 yr1y z + 2 s } y + Z v z = S + Z r 2 y + L t y z
", I r'4y2+.12;,4=29 7i=-= 4 (xi1\,=5+2rlx+y)
x 6 t ' = 3 2 0 + 3 ? - x 3 1P
' 3- .3 ? t - 3 2 0 = 0 .* 1 r _ = ; 8 , -z yz-y.-z=0.
W i4: 5J+ -LJv' ;4 1 +4-' ,ty3=t ' / r= - 8 . t z = 4 0 ; ry=-z
*=-2,
y. y
*v=r;
[ ]\=-r.yz=2,
\=2, ar=-t J: (2;-1) (-1;2) (6-misolshartida.x
vaybutun sonlar) Ft)'r,xil11.,.",
+ii{il}i.i$i1tj.ii.$.6t
7) (x2+30x+30)'(x2+x+:g;=30x2te_nglamaning
haqiqiyildizlariyig'indisinitoping. \:echisir; x2+30:adebbelgilashkiritamiz.
(a+3Qx)(a+x;=30x2,a2+3lax+30x2:30x2,a2+1161=9,a1:0, a2=_31x. *+20=0 6, x2+30-31*, x2+3lx+30:0, x1*xr=-31
8)Agarx?*rm+nt2+c tenglamaningildizlariavabbo'lsa, a2+abt-b'+cifodaningqiymatinitoping. ycchish: x1=a,x2=b
I s+b=-n , .,.)
(a+b)/=n/, at+ob+bt+g:(a+b)2-ab+s: n12-1 1tx2+s1+s:g J: 0
1r".[J;;';,
9) (x')-x-S)2-(x2-x-5)-5=x, tenglamaniyeching. Yerhisl.r:(*t-r-S)t --,r'+1-+5-5=.r, (x2-x-5)2-x2=0, (f-x-s-x) (x2-x-5+x)=g
xt-2x-5=0, x1,27r!tJi, x2-5:0, x3"a=t.F : ::.:
 tz)x2+1k+212v+2k-4, kninsqanday.ng ri;l,*;,.i.;';ffi;,:!'Hd*_*ill-'u;^r^{rJr;ilf!,0^,;iluo[;*r,
#li*,:"|ff::,:"": ,!ij..j:i1.:,rljitT qaraydi cn,#"1,"*nan r-rasmdagidek
Grafikkaqarabaniqayish munokinki,x:2 daTo:lga
fuiaiya musbatqiymatqabulqiladi.
22+1k+212.
2+2k-4>0, 2k2
+I 0k+6>g, nt* sn*ir' o, - =
Demak,
il;"i_;;;
t ning engkichik naturalqiymati : 1

{' Agar shumisolningshartidatenglamaning

bir ildizi 2 dankichik, ikkinchi ildjzi \r
2 dankartabo,ladi
deyilsa' y:x2+(k+2)2x+2k-4 fwksiya grafigi
x=2 da aniqmanfiy qiymatqabulq'adi
va 22+1k+212.2+2k_4
<0 deb

$*B*

i*l,ii"

'
;rli_l _i

*el,:u
J'fi:,i"#;:t'il":1ffiil;TTffiT;ril?*iHy;i:'i:*fJ"I#,Tf:'::t':,::
6,:*,1
'#:itil#"x"HHT,,;t,!1fi?
H"Tf
F:ifi ;1ffiii{#ffi#fr fr
i;i,d;{#ffi
Kof inishi:

|-rasnt
3-rasnt

2, Parabala
uchiningkordinatasini, qu;ridagicha l15
txo;yo) topamiz;
I -Lisui,
Formula -'
bilanr -
[l " o::El
- ; . l* -+l
l " II - -v o =
t 4l &1 |

n=_ffi=g=_2, n = - t a i J F l l q = - & = r c .
fi:y=-3x2-r2x+4
F2;16)
2 tt:$rtr' ningo'misa
etibqc'vamiz.
Nati.ia76 yuqoricragi
niberadi. misortlam
ilrj;a? ?;Tljl-T:iilTl;T:slamaga:r xo=-r
-j*Lisr'rltrlel<i
lradningkvadiatigaajrarib tapisk-
EGiF+ri 1v1:5 -3x?-12x+4=-.i{x+2)2+16 iio=_2 }o=16
 r ' 1y, : 1 t i x 2 + E xl-r3q=x + 3 r ) 2 - i l . $_f: = t y o * A , _ f r ,
*o=_*, v0=_#
t4' 4xz-n2xt-4=Qx-yz-g+4=(24-3)L5
xo=3/2=r,5 yo=-S f,,1ir,";,**r-rir
+r*,"igr.+!j.tt1,fl,iii.{rl
3. J' o'qiga paralel r=xa to'g'n chizig'iga simmetriya
o,qi (simmetriya tengramasiideyiladi,
parcbotaningshoxlarisirnmerriyaa"qidan Bunda
bfuxfi mas*s?daqwoqiikda) joylashadi.

4' Biror funksi;raninganiqlanishsoha-q!

-
Qoi, Qi5,rnatlarsohasi- E(y) kabi belgilanishiham*umkiu.
x:t-*;.o;
fr"i1#ff-,::t#i-:H:::::jlll".o'r,r+oirio
l) Agar a>0bo'lsa,y=[yo;oo)bo,ladi
uo'raci'qr:,L",,u,
-E(r)esa:
soha.si
2) A,gara<0bo'lsa,y=(--€;y0l bqr'ladi
2')a<0

t-hu"o)

M: f2x2-6x+l funksiyaning
qiymaflarsohasinitoping. Bundaa>0,
;
,, =- #= -&;1' 2:t=-# =-r, J: y:[-3,5 o)
'11.?":"'Ir^t":o]funksiya bolsa.{a>')
r,,nr,;ll
i;XIllTi[1,i-lliiffi:,'Jii::"J:::T:,::i1]:.:1':" -"**;; qiv*u,j"
engkattaqiy*u-,go1yos;;;";; #;;,. o,*,,
,
shoxlari
pastga
frvl;px2-4x-5 "Fii-i!lr,-rr-,
tunksiva'ing
minimum
qivmatini
il,n"*:-' Jr Yo=-9
6. Funksiyagrafigining x o'qi bilan kesishish
nuqtalai.igafunksiyaning
nollari (ildizlari, yechimlari) deyiladi.Demak,
funksiyaningnottarlni
topishuchuny ning o'rniga nol qo'yib, tengramadan
x1!4 x2nitopishkerak.
Xi$$,.4"X'l\,f
.&l Funksiyanollariningo'rta arifmetigix0ga
reng.
7. Funksiyaishoralar.ini
aniqlashdaquyidagiholatlar kuzatiladi:

b) D=0 da funksiyagrafigi.vo'qiga urinadi, a>o

v2o
ishorasinomusbatyoki nomanfiybo'ladi.

,:j:.i:iTl.T:l]rnsa ega,bo'lmaydi,f.urksiyaning
grafigix o,qinihamkesmaydi.
3::l grafikx o'qidanyo yuqorida,yo pastda
Demak, bo'ladi. n* .* i-l"iy*ing islrorasiuir xit
yaaasak,
gre.nk
dcrmo:, i'qiau,),.,qoric.a, v!o,!a.di,1,a,n
t':'*'r u.'iL!r!L-4'
:i,*1;::q::"j:".,:::i5 1l*':*,i."ugini
larning o'rniga qaysi sonrarni qo'ymayliky
doim ntu';ha't*"
!'-u!' y?l
.rrio""a."ar.-
8' K'adrat funksiyaninggrafigini chizishdaquyidagi
4 narsanianiqrashmuhim:
a) shoxchararyuqorigami,pastgami (a>0yoki
a<0) b) funksiyaningnoilari (x1va x2)
.f c) parabola uchi kordinatalari (x6;:yp)
d) y o'qi bilan kesishishnuqtasi (0;y) *it9}i:.{j,$..3:,ri{i,
${.iet,,j, ,jn
9.{ ASara>0bo'lsa,x=(-oo;xelgachafunksiyakamayadi
y J , x=[x6;co)gachafunksiyao,sadi y f
t Agar a<0bo'lsa, x=(-m;xs] gacha
funksiyao,sadi y f , x:[xo;.o) gachafunksiya
kamayadi y J
14: 5-5x2-6i-t funksiyaningxossalariniko,rib ehiqamiz.

I. Funksiyaningnollari -5x2-6x-l:0, otJ:e -?1-5fg

---TC- 6+d
=:rt' xr=-02 xz=-l
II. Funksiyaningkoordinatao'qlari bilan kesishish
nuqtal
uchuny ning o'miga nol qo'yib tenglamaniyechish
kerak,
Oy o'qi bilankesishishnuqtasinitopishuchunx larningo,
III. Parabolauchiningkordinatasixs= (x;+xj:2 =(_0,2_l
IV. A.S. x=(--<o;m) e.S. a<0 uchun y=(_co;0,gl
V. x:(-o;-0,6] da funksiyao,suvchi y f
, x=[_0,6; co)da funksiyakamayuvchiy J
VI. x-(-co;-l ) v(-0,2; rc) da 1,<0, x=(_l
;_0,2)da y>0
VII. ys:0,8 funksiyaningeng kattaqiymati.
 VIIL xo=-9,6 simnetr"iyao'qi (simmetdyamarkazi)'
{X
T.f.ir**+*r: t$Jld*?.*lq4
oraliqlariniva
aniqlashda,x,funksiyaning o'sish-kamayish
Xsaf#ttt:Fdnksiyaningnollari (xyva x2) funksiyanirrgishoralarini (8 ta xossani
aniqlashdayordam beradi'
simmetriyao,qini aniqlashda,yp esafunksiyaningQ.S.va maksimum-minimumlarini
yozayotganda shuxulosadanfoydalanishkerak')
M: y: q*-gxfunksiyaning xossalariniko'rib chiqamiz'
L Funksiyaningnollari +:l_8x:0, xr:0, xz=2'
O'ro"qibilankesishishnuqtalari:0=4x2-8x
II- Funksiyaningkoordinatao'qlaribilankesishishnuqtalari:
'qibilankesishishnuqtasi:y:4'0-8'0' y=0' (0;0)
(x1vax2) (0;0)va(2;0).@
ajratibtopami z' y:4x2-Bx=(2x-Z)24
lltr. Parabolauchiaingkordinatas ikki hadningkvadratiga
aylantiradiganson l, dernak,xg:l' ]6:-4 (1;-a)
Qavsichini.nolga
il/. ,&S:1=(--co;co) Q.S. a>0 tchun y:[-4; a)
co)da funksiyao'suvchi y T
V. x--(-,o;11da funicsiyakamayuvchi J , 1:[i;
y
y1, x={-c,c;O)u(2, da p0, x=(0;2) da y<0
"o)
VIL x6=1 day6=-4 frrnksiyaningeng kichik qiymati'
VIII. rco: 1 simmetriyao'qi (simmetriyamatkaat)'

y:a(x-xy)2+yx ko'rinishgakeladi' (Farqigabodng! funksiyani

H{}. )Fax2funksiyagrafigini (xs;y6)nuqtagaparallelko'chirsak,
nuqragaparalieiko' cniryap'nnz,?ilql'a1anisbaiai-isiin'neirik eraas'i
ko'chirsak,5 -3(x-5)2-l ko'rinishgakeladi'
M,' ; -3*t tunk*iyugrangini (5;-1) nuqtagaparaliel
t*:*5*-1:(x+3)?-10' )-(x+3+2)?-10+3' y:
tvl; y:x2+6x-1 funksiya grafigini(-2;3)nuqtagapnrallelko'chiring'
bo'lsagrafiktepaga
Aga,qausichida.,*,,to'tsugruruchapga,l'-"bo'lsao'nggaparallelko'chadi.Agarqavsdantashqarida"+"
"-" bo"lsapastgako'chadi.
t:{xt2,5)}tt},5
Y'"5(x-

,:;62+0,2

],,.,*l',
-1

siya grafiginingko'rinishlari:

manfiy qiyrnatlarqabulqilmavdi' Grafil

dft,,,=ln*2+rx+el Agwkvadratfunksiyato'laligicha modulgaolinsa,demakfirnksiya
cl.rizishda i chizamiz.Kvadratfunksiyato'traligichamodulgaolinganligisababli,1i o'qining manfiy
awalo rnodulsizholatdagisin
pir
qisminio'chirib,o'chirgan qismirnizni.vo'qigasimmetrikqilib yuqoligako'chiramiz' 5lx2+4x-51
r-fi"\llii {tii {li tji
foydalanibawal modulsizholatdagisinichizamiz' l"t)"*rr
I.II.III xossalardan
I. Funksiyaningnollari x2+4x-5:0 xr:-5 xz:1
-5
II. .r o'qi bilankesishish nuqtalari{-5;{i) va (1;0) y o'qi bilankesishishnuqtasi0+4'0-5= {0;-5J
xo- (xr tx2)12: i-5 | i)12: -2 ' '
iii. Faratt-ria uciiiriiirgkor,iiiiaiasiiii
x o = - 2 s i m m e t r i y a o ' q iy o :( 2 ) 2 + 4 ' ( - Z ) - 5 = - 9 , f a r a b d l a g c h ! ( - 2 ; - 9 )
1Y" ;=(-oo;co)A.S. 5[0;co) Q.S.
y'f'
!. a:(-co;-51r-tl-L;llaa nrntsiyatcarn chi y { , 71=l-5;-21u[1;e)da o'suvchi
y1 t:{--co;co)da y 2 0
-y,,,;,,=0 funltsiyaningeng,kichikqiyn,ati'
Vnn.a= -5 va 1 da : I

I
a
I

+99E99.014.65
6L
 f{: 5l-3x'-!t}x-31
I. Fwrksiyartingnullari -j,xz-!{tx-3=G x; _tr/3 x,= _3
IL Koordinatft o'qlari bilankesishish nuqralar-i
{_i/3;0'}l,a (_3;0). (0;_3)
iXI.Farabolauchiningkordiiratasi xo= {xftx2)12= (_I/3_J.}/Z= _Sl3

- =-1,{1+lc
-1,0 v l
*-: ={{- par.ahona
ucht(-",/J:16/37
. x=(-oo;co)A.S. 1-[&;co] e.S.
x=(-co;-3 1r,r[- S/ 3 ;- t / jj da fu ii-llsiya kamalr: vctrai
3r,f.,
x=[-3;-5l3J u[-113;o:,.)da c'suvchi yT
VI. x=(+:,;co) da y > fi
Vil. x= --1 va-1/3 ila 5,,1,:0 funksiyaning eng kichik qiyixati.
VIII. xo= -5l3 simrnetriya o'qi -.:al).f{:r{i,{:q..,
+iii..jii$$j;r1+$i.,,;}

Agar kvadratfunksiyaningargumenti(x) modulgaolinganbo'lsa,

.p=4f,:'+''lxl+e' demakfunksiyaning0, ning)
qiy-rnatiargumentning ("'.:
ning) manfiy qiymatlaridahamo'zgarmaydi.brafikni chizishdaav'alo
moduisiz
holatdagisini chizamiz.x o uiyng"yantiy sohasidagi qismiJo'chirib, qotganqismini oJ,o,qiga
nisbatansimmetrikko'chiramiz.M: y= -x2+5lxl-4
I. a<0 uchunparabolashoxchalaripastgayo'nalganbo'ladi.
ll. rurullriila
tr. Kordinataoo'qlari
qrar"lb-n kesishish'nuqtalari.
D-11Kesrsntsnnuq:alerL x-_5x+4=0
*r-5t-x++=0xr:4
x1=4 xz=l ( ;0) (l;0) r,a (0;_4)
III. Parabolauchining tiordinatasi -x?+5x-4= -(x_2,512+2,25 (i,S
( 2 , 5;Z,iSi
;2,25)
IV. x=(-o;co) A.S. y=(-"o;2,25] e.S
V. x=(-co;-2,51u[0;2,5]
da funksiyao'suvchiy f , x:[*2,5;0]u[2,5;m] dakamayuvchi
yJ
VL x=(-m;-4)u(-1;tiu(4; m) day<0, x=(-4;_l)u(t;4) day>O
VII. x : !25 da y^u,=2,25funksiyaningengkaftaqlymart.

g' 5 -x2-<lxl-l tr.Il.Ill-xossalardan

foydalanibavvalmodulsizholatdagisinichtzamiz.
L Fnnlaiyaningnollari -x24x-34, xr= -3, x:= -l
II. .xo'qi bilankesishishnuqtalari(-3;0) va (--l;0). y o'qi bilankesishishnuqtasi (0;_3)
[II. Palabolauchiningkordinatasini xs= (x1-fx2):2:(-3-t):Z = _Z
1lo:_4+g_3=1 (-2;1)
IV. x={-co;0.,)A.S. y=(-o;-31 e.S.
V. x=(-"o;0] da funksiyao"suvchi y f , x:[0; oc)da funksiyakamayuvchiy j
VL x=i--co;co)da y<0.
VlI. x:0 da y,,,*: -3 funksiyaning
engkattaqiynati.

Argumentimodulgaolingan(a, b, c, d ) va to'laligichamodulgaolingan(e,
fi nrlikvadrat funksiyagrafiklari.

t c )
i,:x2+2lxFI y:x2+2/xl+3 y:xz+2lxl+1,2 y:l_x2+3i y:1-x2+4x_71
1elat'+blxl+cl.Agarkvadratfunksiyaning hamargumenti, hamo'zi modulgaolinganbo,lsa,
1r'rqoridagiiklti holatnibaravarqa'llaymiz,ya'ni fruiksiyagrafigini moduliarsizchizamiz,flunksiya
to'laligichamodulgaolingandagiqoidalarasosidagrafikni chizaiiz,sotngra
argumentning o,zi
modulgaolingandagi qoidasiniqo'llaymizyoki aksincha.
6v1:y-lx'-2'l-xl-81 furksiyabilan5lx2-2lxl_81tunksiyagrafigi
bir xil. ilr,]!*rj,.r.ir {-!}3!itr}+
{Jlti.rt$.iil
I. Kordinatao'qlari b.n kesishishnuqtalari, x2Jx-g=0, xf 4, y2=_1. (-2;0)
(a;0)va (0;-8)
II. Parabola uchiningkordinatasixr-2x-g= (x_1)r_9 (l;_9)
IIL A.S.x=(-oo;o). Q.S, 5[0;co)
IV. x=(-o;o) da y> 0
V. x=(-co;-41 U[-t;0] UIl;a] dayJ, x=[-4;_l] \J[0;lJ U[4;oo]da y f
VI. .r = t4 da y6,,=0

.014.55.61
 ^''lisul
sharilariga
4isqerh
Agar ikkita funlaiya berilganbo'lib, ular gtafiklariningkesishish ,,
nuqtalarikordinatalarinitoping deyilsa,
*? ulamisistemaqilibyechishkerak.
1 v 1 , ) = x 2 v a y = 3 x - 2_ { , : r r ^ 01*r-3x+2 x=lday=l .
l)'=Jx-Z \=l va r2=2 x=2day=4 J: (t;l) ve
Funksiyamusbatqiymatqabulqiladiganx ning qiymatlarini
topingsvtrloq'
deyilsa,J-w
y>0 ru
ni topish kerak.(manfiy
ruPti4 KeraK'
;vi: y= -x2+l -x2+1>0 (mi deyilsa, y<0 ni)
xr<l f: x=(-f ;l)
+ (1;2),(-1;12) va (4;2)nuqtalardano'tuvchi y=ax2+bx+e
kvadratfunksiyaningkolinishi qandaydeyilsa,
I z=a.12+b.l+c
Itz = a.1-l1zna.i-ti*. - sistemadan a,b.clarni
z=;.,ir*i.ii'" topibolamiz. Bundq a:1, b:5, c=6 J: y=x2{x+6
I
4' a ning qandayqiymatlaridaparabolauchi 1-chorakdajoylashadi?
Bu degani:x6>0va ypO ni yechingdegani.(agar
2-c
y,::ilj;:;{':; yechish
uTiu., 74,y=x2_2(t_za)x+4a;_sa+4;,,,,W!Ning
'{f.ffi6"""'Tt?;;tamtz
".0.]"_r:'o^ni
v:[x-(1-2a)]1-a+3 kvadratiga
ayatamiz
}
3
xo=t-2a>o a<0,5; r,o=__ar3>0 ,.;
n:+u'+i.zi6;'ffit;:ryIT" o}*"?:':'riea '"H'.lj#;;;fi
u'1.a{idegani:
D=b2-4ac=0
ni y",it,r,rierardegani.
Mt y-__2xz+zax+6
]*:,T:;fP
:;:^_#:i1;,"#H-fi
o:ti.,."._1". r: 6 oning
l,I#Hllti:ffi
;:fimavjud
uundui+*,,,
.*,fr::::#.;
f"r^:",:ii :,r:l _T|",:o:,0
+ emas.
Agar (1;3)nugtaparabolaninguchi, (-l;7) nuqtaesushupu.af,ofaga
tegijfi bo,lsa,'y=ax2+bx+c
gyu4ru,funksiyaning
ko,ri
q a n d a y ?t 0 = - * = 1 , y 0= - u t 1 ! ' = , 7=a'(-r)z+b.(-r)+c: b=-2a, 4a2-4ac=-r?a+
a=c-3, 7=a+2a+
7 =3{3-3)+c, c=4 a=4-3=1, b=_2 J: y:rl_2x+4 ji"t]Yi*E*:rr
+i.r$Ss{A*lFj.$S$il
tunksivaning
nollariI va3 bo'lsavatunlsivaning
engkanaqiymatiesa2gatengligi
f;,af,ffi#;i"adrat ma,rum
bo,lsa,

x=l day=O va x=3 da50, ye:2, -_f[09==ao. .3t 21 ++ bb..3t + c 0 = t u + % 0=a.1?-M.r+c b2-4ac
yo--.T
b=-4a c=3a '.{g l
., lSaz-4a13a)
t =_- , 2=-4a+3a,a=_2; c=_6; b=g
t; J: y:2*zt g*-U
*I* "Berilganfunksiyalarfaqat
bitta urnumiynuqtagaegabo'ladigant ning qiymatlarini
toping,,degani- funksiyalarnitenglar
I1lI y\ri'j!
?:i#J::':::jjl,l"4:::::I
+ "kningshundav
'- *tu,'-+i-i,. 2*,-5*-i-11s,--"iiur-,-
*)=o r,k-,
qivmatini
topingki,
bundato'g'richiziq
blanparabota
;#ffi;#'r"fi;:,:-,:
tenglashtirib,
D<0ni yechish
kerakdegani.fi: 52x-3k u" f=Z*r_n_ t.
* Jj;}, - J.lil
zx_zk:2xr_;:'1. ;;+z)x+3k_l=0
D:k2+4k+4-B(3k-r)<0, tu_20t,lLtr-qa_zoxNE,
k2-20k+r2<0,
r: k:(10_2J22;to+zJn)
I:=ii;:rfi
* "k ning shundayqiymatinitopingki,bundato'g1i
chiziq bilan parabola2 ta^umurniynuqtagaega bo'lsin,,degani- fur
-i.r_,.AU_rt=0,
tehglashtirib,D>0 ni yechishkerakdegani. pj:
53kx-4 va-5zx2i3x4. 2x2+3x4_il;{ gk2_l
(k-l)LO F(-m;1)u(l;oo)
I v=-x+o
1vt: tenglamalarsistemasiyechimgaegabo'ladigana ning
["2 + 1,2= 3 barchaqiymatlarito,plarninitoping.
x2+1-1+a;2=3' x2+x2-2ax+a2-3=0,2x21ur+a2-3=0.
Kvadrattenglamayechimgaegabo,lishi uchun D >
0 bo,lishi kerak.
D=4ar-+.2.(a2-l)>q o2-6<0, l: a=t4;Ji1
ftlt kningqandayqiymatida.y'+2ft-9)x+F+3t--lifodanito'iakvadratshaklidarasvirlabbo,ladi?
yrchish:bu ye=ayr'liD:0
gani'Ikki hadningkvadrarigaajratiby6niropamiz.
[x+(k-q|r-ft-9)z+ti+st-s, yo =-(tr-l ttc+B])+t/+Jrr-.j:,, 2Ik=84,
J:
F/i: '4 nrngqandayqiyrnatlarida
x (x+flft+s)$aa+b)+4nl ifodato'la kvadratbo'latli? yeehish:
bu deganiy6:0 yokl D=0 det
(x'+ax+bx+ab)(x/+ax+bx)+4m2 , x2+ax+bx=r<iebbeigiiashiciritamiz.(t+ab1t+4nt2=i+ab.t+4rnt :(r*4\t - ult n*r,
\ /
)ti / -rs'd'!,r
*4^- ^
-otf' .-l,rt =0, I6n2=slhl, J :nn=as! yaki D=0-+ a2b2-4l.4ntt:t), a2b2=16m2, r',."--ab
,vo
d . t t t - ! ' ] _ -

ftl: y=1717vay=vz-exu+1 egd chiziqlar kesistrrmasligi

uchun nt qaystor.aliqda
bo,lishi kerak? Ye,:lrir;lr:nt.:r+x2-ntnt I ,
x2-2mx+l;* 0 - bu degani D<0. nf-,<fi, -f: ra=(_1;i) *-tait{{:}i,f{?ig,ii{,f.
i.j{?.!,*.i/(r,.,,i
l: lxz-Saxl=I id tenglama n ning qandayqiymatrarida4 ta,3 t-a,z ta, tr ta, s yechiroga
egabo,!adi.
echish:Tenglainanechtaildizga (yechimga)egadeyilsa,renglikning
ikkala tomoninialohida-alohitlafunksiyadebqarah,
kordinatatekisligidagrafiklariuichizamiz.Grafikla' rreehta bina
nuqtadakesishsa,shunchayechirnbo,ladi.
yechimgaegabo'lishiuchun 5n
lx2-sax1:1 renglama
cr>0 bo'liihikerak, ya'nimod'!rnanfiyso&garengho,lmasligi
kerak.y1=lx2-saxlva yf lsa

+998i"rg.0i
4.65.,51
 fir*ksiyala:ninggraflielariniyasaymiz.*>d) da y,:ls:'-saxl funksiyagrafigi (O;il)nuqladan
va G; o'qining niusbatclismldan(Jai
kesibo'tadi.

l:l5a

1) Tenglama 4 ta yechimgaegabo'lishi uchunJ,:Ijd to'g"ri chizig,iA vaye atalig'idano,tishikerak.

i_rasm.
(tsa>o , -
x-4ax:(,'-2,sa)r-6,2-5a2
]rsa < l-voI d;:zi;trt {. ,uiilrr, o b' sisrernaning yechimi Jz a>2,4
2) Tenglama 3 ta yechimgaegabo'lishi uchvny:15tt to'g'ii chizig'iya nuqtadano'tishi kerak. I sa:j,61, I Sa:6,ZSa2J: a=2,4
3) Tenglarna 2 ia yechimgaegabo'lishi uchun;r:/Ja to,g'ri chizig'iypr.ruqtaning
yuqorisidan c,tishi kerak.3_rasrn.
I5a>lyol, I5a>6,25aJ
a(6,25a-15)<0, f: a:( 0; 2,4)
4) Tenglama1 ta yechimgaegabo'lishi uchun:modul qachonbitta ildiz1aegabo'ladi, qachonki
nolga tengbo,lganda.Demak,a=a
bo'lgandabiftayechim. F.ilri::,,-t$t_$fi.iliti.$$.{il
5) Modulmanfrysongatengbo'lgandayechim d bo'ladi.4-rasm. I5a<0, a<0. Demak,J: a<0
p4,x2-41xl-a+3=Q tenglama2 ta musbatildizga egabo'ladigan
a ning buhrnqiymatlario,rta ar-ifmetiginitoping.
Yechisil;Tenglamanigafik usuldanfoydalanibfilalab yechamiz. xt-41 xl+3=a, .
5x2-<1 x1+:, r- *-r-q**i=&_z)r_t

1) re=*f da 2 ta yechim:I ta musbat,I ta manfiy.

2) u=$ da4 ta yechim:2 ta rnusbat,2tarna,nfiy.
3) a*l da 4 ta yechim:2 ta musbat,2 ta manfry.
4) e.:2 da 4 ta yechim:2 ta musbat,2 ta manfiy.
5) a:3 da 3 ta yechim:I ta musbat, I ta manfiyva nol.
6) r;',,.,,i
da 2 tayechim: I ta musbat, I ta manfiy.
Tenglamaa=(-l;3) oraliqda2 ta musbatva 2 ta manfiy ildizga ega.shu oraliqdagibutun
sonlaro'rta arifmetigi(0+l +2):3=l J: I

14:x24l xl-a+3=0 tenglamaning a > 3 bo'lgandagiildizlariyig'indisinitoping.Yccliish:yuqoridagichizmadanko,rinib turibdiki,

a:3 da tenglama3 ta ildizgaega.Bular nol va *4 . Bular yig'indisi nolga teng.a> 3 da hamtenglamaildizlari qara"ma
- qarshisonlar
bo'lib, ularyig'indisinolgateng. J: 0

frs4-f"{* t{$!{
{"41} il{, r
q
1, Oratiqkrusutinin7qo'tknifisfri q

2, Iffizkrruingturfari.
3. Isfrorafarcfuizig'ining
o'tfutzifisfri,
4. I{vafrat tengsiztifuiing
yecfrimfari.

tr. Oraliqlarusuliniqo'llayotganda
tengsizlikning
bir tomonidafaqatnol bo'lishi kerak,bo'lmasabarchaifodalarnibir tomonga
o'tkazibnol bilantaqqoslashkerak. M; 5x2+5<3x-3 5x2+5-3x+3<0 5x2-3x+8<0 F.frr*,rij*:+;-f$i+li,!:Si:{lifii'?$jl.
Ildizlarini(xl,i2,x3,,..xn
larni)topib,ko'paytuvchilarga
ajratganholdayozishkerak. a(x-x1)(x-x2)(x-x3)...(x-x,,)>0
M: 2x2+10x+12 2 0 xr= -2 va xz= -3 2(x+2)(x+3)> 0
Boshkoeffitsiyentmusbatbo'lishi kerak.Agar manfiy bo'lsa tengsizlikningikkal.atomonini -l ga ko'payirib, belginiteskarisiga
o'zgartirishkerak. M: -2x2-10x+12<01: -2 x2+5x-6>0 (x+6)(x-l)>0 !J3,ir*trit +t{}ilij{;f;T$.il',iii

.0t4.65.61
 I(o'paytuvchi\arga ajtatganda o'zgaruvchi oldida "- " bo'lmasligr keralc, ya'ni (a-x) bo'lsa, minusni oldinga chiqarib -(.t-a)
ko'rinishida yozish kerak. So'ng -l ga ko'payirib, belgini teskarisiga o'zgartirish kerak. M' (2-x)(x+3)>0 -(x-2)(x+3)>0
(x-2\(t+3\<( V*'cr J't'tEqq1!::;1"?1r-.Ai;r'ii1

1'' Tengsizlikkasrlibo'lib, ko'paytuvchilargaajratganimizda

kasmingsuratva maxrajidabir xil ildizlar paydobo,lsa,ulami
qisqartirmasdan suratdaginimaxrajga ko'payima qilib tushiramiz.
E#!#<
fvr: ffiff< ffffi=o
Qaysidirifoda ko'paltuvchilarga ajralmasa,ya;ni doim musbatbo'lsa (a>0, D<0) ifodani tashlabyuborish mumkin. Agar
doim manfiy bo'lsa (a<0, D<0) uni tashlabyuborgandatengsizlikbelgisi qararna-qarshisiga
almashadi.Tashlabyuborganifoc
o'miga I soniniyozibqo'yishmumkin.
({2+3Xx2-4) x2+Jdoimrnusbat I'(x-)g+2\ v+)
rrl:
M: .n -x2+i-r-edo#";;fiv
Ir-f)@;J;!t-" ff'0 ffi'\
njs$,r\"{'i\'!A:
Maxrajdagiildizlarsonlaro'qidahar doimhalqabilanbelgilanadi.
Oraliqlarusulidaildizlar 2 xil bo'ladi;

a) Datajasi toq ildizlar ishorani o,zgartiruvehi ildizlar hisoblanadi. ;rr(;r+l)a(5-x) ishoranio'zgartiruv&i-3ta

- n
(.r-3)7(x- 7)2' " ishoranio'zgartirmaydigan-2ta
b) Darajasijuft ildizlar ishorani o'zgartirmaydigan ildizlardir.
yechiminianiqiabberuvchiegri chiziqqaishoraiar chizig'i cleylarii.Agar
.. :]'.r"1gtTl,9rng clara;asitoq lisirorariio,
lldtzlarsonlJulttabo'lsa,ishoralatchizig'inichizishyuqoridan,
toqtabo'lsapastdanboshlanadi. h

Sonlaro'qidaishoralarchizig'ijuft darajaliildizlardabir to'xtabo'tadi,Tengsizlikbelgisi> yoki )

bo,lsayuqoridagi
< yoki < bo'lsapastdagioraliqniyechimdebolamiz.
- -
11 L-x l)z(x- l)3(2x 8)s .- ,.,
-' ishoranio' zgaftiruvchiitdiztar 4 ta
(2x+Qt(--'c-B)(4-Zx)+ " - x-8 dan"-"ni chiqarsakishora > 0bo,ladi

Jt 1=(-co;-8)U1-:;tl U[a; m)
Endiyuqoridaginisoilami
birrna-bnyechamiz i:(i +g:(r ;g
t)z
, o #{lfft;1 .o J: r=(-o;_t)(-l;0
V_J)tlx_ (x_r).rtr_ t)-
t + l
;a*Y >
- llt
U =re J:x=(_2;z)LJ(2,oo)
-2

J: x=(-oo;-l) \J( -l;0) \J(t;81

- t 0
(x-2)(x+3)<[ 4F J. x=(_3;2) (x+5)(x-1)>0 Ad@z- J: x=(_oo;_3)\J (2;co)
-3-2 _ 3 2

5x2-3x+8<0x,,r=443'5'8.
l0 '
f " t l s u l l nlt):
t x - 2 1 = 1 ,3 < x - 2 < 4 ,
D<0bo'lganiuchunko'palrtuvchilargaajra$aydi.y=x2-3x+gfunksiyaning
ox o'qidan yuqoridayot;di; ya'ni aofr-t.iuru"tisr.rui,ing u.h; 6'\i:i";;;",
5<x<6.

,)[+]=" b u n d a a l bxaet tZa., . , , ux - 1 : 3 x - 3 . 0

{--::r' r:
b#=o
"=+<r+t
a) [x]=5, r[5;6) 5)[x2]:36, xz:136;37), lx2>36 l(x-O("Y+O>o
I' x: FJi r5)''tt6;Ji)
t;; .ii ti'-.hti."'."fa " r
6) aning qanday qiymattarida a(x-5):11+a tenglama bitta manfiy yechimga eg?? a-v-ia:3x*a,
ax=3x*6a, tenglamaI ta
egat'o'lishiuchun:k *k1, a+3 . Manfiyyechirnga
egabo'lishiuchun:
;ria-l):ga r= tu^ <0
yeciiimidegani- bu -r degani. Ivlanfiyyechimgaegadegani- shux ni kichik noldan
Tenglamaning
deb ishlash,kerak
nrazmundagisavollardeyarlihar yilgi DTlvi sarrollaridauchraydi.) , . i.
4. nf+bx+c ) 0 kvadrattengsizlikningyechiml ari : F-t.]':i,{:}Glf
'i -""ii$'tii9.i1.ill t?.f.''',;ii

.,2

a>0 a<0 {
D>0 D:i) D>0
;r : (-cg jril \,' [rz;9 ; xeR1; xe .R; r = F!; rc2] ; -l -?r0, r.ti
 ax?+hx+t 5 S l*r,adr"at
tengsiziikringyeehim

{ a<0
D<S
1;=f4;x2n, a = xsi x=.Ef; x = t-"o,ril w[>;r;d]; .{€R.

axt +6yat;, g kvadlat fengsrzlitra';,i

ng Itechimlali

t Irji:iL.}nltril

;r={-"gxii rL(-xz:d); x+xo ;reR x = (x;xr) ;

ax"+bx+c<A kvadrattengsizlikrringyechimlari:

a<0
D:O D<0
."r=(xr;t); x=,6' x:,4; .x =(-oo,xr)\-/(xr;co) i I r = (-oo;16)u(.ri,;oo); Jf€R

Eiii,:s'l'hfA: Har qandaychiziqli,kvadrat,kubik,4-darajali,...funksiyalarning solLasi- doim ;6= (-oo;co)

aniqlanish bo'ladi. Kasrli
funksiyalarninganiqlanishsohasi- maxrajnolgatengbo'lmasligikerak.Juft darajaliildizli funksiyalarninganiqlanishsohasi- ildiz
ostidagi son )0ho'lishikerak. Toqdar-ajaliitdizli
funksiyalarninganiqlanishsohasi -.1=(-oo;oo).

i'iirulian; Quyiclaberilganfunksiyalar
uchunDg)-? 1.)-2x-5 2.r0,2x3+5x-l 3. r;7|, bularda4.g.1g=(-co;co)

4"rr - j l x + - 1 , .y a ' n i ,5'v=-i

--x-4 * 5" x+-3va0, ya'ni t
;+r x=1-.";-jrTii*y 15x+9 ;s:(-co;-3)w(-3,0)u(ee) .'5"FT v=(-o;co)

,.v:{rq'-r>0,r>r. r,:oF ffi>' fuff"-'tY"jtT'.1i5if;-

,.-r;i-+F4
'' v--6=m-
iii;i:' S'.'{9;ir;1:{":i#[nr[Tti--'
-4\\-:2- 0 '/4 l0
x> 4va.r> !0ni kesishtirs,ak
x > lb,
j-fft_*'..,

'-f l 0 + 0 , 2 x + x - 1 0 ,: u + - 1 0 O ' z i s h u n d o q h a m x l a m i n g o ' m i g a - l 0 s o n i n i q o ' y i b b o ' l m a y d i y o kv ia; .r r*>- 11 00l a r n i

kesishtirsak,
x>10 bo'ladi. J: x>10

1" Qfriziqfiten7fama.
2. Chiziqfr.
tengfamnning ycfiimi
3. Iffiu to'gricrtiziqning ', 1
nuqtasi.
Egsisfiish
4. Sistenaningycfrimkri.

1, ax+by+s=gko'rinishidagitenglamagachiziqli tenglaraadeyiladi.Mr 2x-5y+l=0

'?' Chiziqli tenglamaninggrafigiga tegishli bo'lgan nuqtalarchiziqli tenglamaningyechimtari deyiladi..fv!;A(0;2) yoki B(*1;2/3)
nuqtalar4x-3y+6:0 tenglamaningyechinribo'la oladi, chunkibu nuqtalaryuqoridagitenglamaninggrafigigategishlidir.

.014.65.61
 umumiy nuqtasini(ildizini, yechimini,kesishishnuqtasini)topishdaularni sistemaqilib
3. Ctrizlqtitenglarnalarning
Demak,sistemaniyechishdegani- chiziqli tenglamalarning kesishishnuqtasinitopishkerakdegani.
4. Sistemaning quyidagicha
yechimlari bo'lishi mumkin:
a) sistemabitta yechimgaega (ya'ni grafiklarbir nuqtadakesishadi).Buninguchunmos koeffitsiyentlarinisbatitengbo'

k"r^k , 14, a ningqanday

urnuusistemani qiymatlarida
bitta(yagona)
yechimsa
{:)Ii rYrl:l =% t- + f:,--?;-i:N
Yechislr az +9 a#t3 yoki o=(--*;-3)u(-r;:;v6;+*)
1"3
b) sistemayechimgaegaemas(ya'ni ikkita to'g'ri chiziqparallelbo'ladi) moskoeffitsiyentlari
tengbo'lib, bu tenglikozodson

L=+.t'
kerak.
nisbarigatengbo'tmastigi M,f"1'l;o!'{r?o=0,
h=3-i, *f=, h-i, =-1,
( t-
[a.(a-l)=2'3 [az-a-6=0
]t ia-ti+z.t I a+3 lo'=:',u?=' z=2
| 3'a+33 | a+3
c) sistenracheksizyechimgaega (ya'ni ikkita to'g'ri chiziq ustma-usttushadi)moskoeffitsiyentlarinisbatiozodsonlarnisbatiga

L=f;=L*,{*I;:;i,.,ioh=t=tr
u"*y.
tengbo,rishi
{rtr-ll=:lI- {=!='f''=-\=i,=t
( - -::;='
, q' = - 2 , b * 3
oxirgisistema
Agar,mabodo, 1" a=3' shuko'rinishgakelibqolsa,yechimN bo'ladi.Sababibirorta
4=-l a=-1
[

uchchalatenglamanihamqanoatlantirmayapti.

s * f rtJ {,
1. Sowzingmofuti.
2. Eitta mo[u[[itengfamafarni ycfrish'
3. rBittamofuffitengsihfi{krniycfrisfi
4. Eir nechamofuftitengfama[arni ycfrisfr
5. ycrtisfr
Eir necfiamofuffttengsizfiftfurni
6. l=lxl fu"ESiya grafigirta uning4ossakri^

aytiladi.Agarmodulichidagisonmusbatbo'lsa
bo'lganmasofaga
1. a soniningmodulideb,shusondankordinataboshigacha
=
tashqarigao'zi chiqadi,manfiybo'lsaqarama-qarshisi
chiqadi' b 0 o lul: a, lbF -b l-3F - (-3) 3
-
I o,ueu,a > 0bo'lsa;l5 ! 5 M: Tenglanra.rrningqandayqiymatlaridao'rinli? ft*4: x+2 ltz lq = 16-
ld={ O,aiar a= 0bo'lsa Ycehish: tashqarigmodulichidagiifodaningo'zib-sa ,r+2 >0 .r2-i6<l
= - { - t > 0 , q a r a m a - q a r s h i
b s-is a < 0 d e b y e c h a m i z x > -2 x=FA,4l
l - o , u g u ,a < 0 b o ' l s a ; F {
N,{:Agarg<k<ns1 bo'lsa,In-mj-ln-kl-lk-ml ni soddalashtiling. Y*chish:harflaroilaiga$'zimizdansonlarqo'yarniz.0<l<2
n-tlt:4-2:2 musbat,n-k:4-l:-z rnusbat,l:-ru=l-2:-l ara.nfi1'.Modr-r! ichidagiIfoda,m'-isba.i ho'!sar chiqadi,
ta.stqarigao'zi
chiqadi.(n-m)-fu-k)-(-k*4)=1-n1-4tk+k-m=2k-2n
manfiybo'lsaqarama-qarshisi
p,l: Agara<0, h<A, c>0 bo'lsa, {L} +lb-cl-lr-ol-r& ni soddalashfiring" qc,"
Vr,:hish:harflaro'miigart'zimizdansonlar

-1<A, -2<A, 3>0. lt+ at'l , b:-2 manfiy, b_-c=-2-i=-5 manfiy, c-a:3-(-l)=4 musbat. -b+(-bt-d-(t'a)+b = a4

butnnsonlarbo'hb, 1 ,
f,if: Agara, b, c manf,ty ifsrlanisodclalashtiring.
tengsizliktajarilsa,la+bl-ib-cl+la-cl=?
+, +
qanoatlantiradigan
harflaro'rzrigao'zi'rnizdanteirgsizlikni
Yeetrirrh: oonlarc1o'yaraiz. , a=-3, b=-2, c:-1
+, +, \
a+byig'indi manfiy son{-5), demakmodulcjanqal'ama-qarshisi chiqadi.-a-fi ie"il:}
.':,i{''j$i:+t}*li-iil}l-tf€.fiij''Ji
b-c manfiy son {-1), demakmoduldanqal'atur-qarshisichiqadi. -6+c "!: 7:(-a-b)-(-b+x)+(-a+c.)=-?*.
chiqadi"-c-rc
a-c rnanfiyson {-2), ,iernakrnaduldanqa:rarfla-qasshisi
+99S!9.'014
 3, Bitta rnoduiqatnashgan
tenglamalarquyidagichayechiladi:
a) Agar modulli ifbda manfiy sc*mgaienglashtirilganbo'lsa,yechimd ho'tadi. ftl, - _7 #
12* I =
b) Musbatsongaienglashtirilganbo'isa,modu! ichidagiifodani shu songava uning qarama-qarshisiga tenglasl.rtirib,tenglanlanarni
yechamiz.Modul ichidagi ifodalar*'rnini almashtirishmumkin"bunda'"-" oldingachiqmal'di.
fi: l4-xl:lr,4f, l-g-J"d=Jlr+al
{vt: l4-xl=1, x-4=1, xr=5! x-4-1, Hz=3 J; 3 va 5
=;14 3:r:-4=--v-4 4x:0 - t 4= t ] =3;ag 2x-3=-3x-8 ; = -il qanoatlarihadl
M: l3.r-41 {g4.
' ' ' ' fzx-l
3x-4=t(.t+4) 3x-4=1a4 2x =E xt =4 ix-j=t(3.r.+B) 2x-3=3x+8 x = - 1 1 c h e t k ii l d i z
$:;S{.,"tTM"a:
Modulli va ildizti tenglamalami yechishda topilganyechimlarniberitrgan tenglamaga etibqo'yib,albatra,tekshirib
ko'rishkerak.Sababibundachetkiildizlarpaydobo'lishi mumkrn.
c) Tcnglikningikkala tomoruhamk-'adratgakc'tariladi. Buncehemchetkiildizle.fbcr
i'o'qligi tekshiribko,riledi. 1.4:12.,:-ll=ls+g
f2x-3f2=(3x+8)2 4x2-l2x+9=9x2+48x+645x2+60x+55=0x2+l2x+1tr=0 xr=-1, x2:i1; _II chetildiz

3. Bifta modulqatnashgan tengsizliklarquyidagichayechiladi:

a) Qo'sh tengsidik usuli bunda- o'rtadamodul ichidagiifoda, undano'ngdamodulsizifoda va ehapdamodulsizifodaningqarama-

qarshisiyaziladi,tengsizlikbelgisio'zgarmaydi.
f'4: l2x+31>5 -5>2x+3>5 r=(-cq-4)u(!co)
lT.-_ur1i l.l:?
2) l2x+3f<5 -5<2x+3<5 x=(-4;l). t+engsizriknibirrashma
qiriu yecrroil.,z-sinisisterna
qitib.
{#::::, i.11
l-qo'sh tengsizlikdao'rtadagiifodani yashirsaknoto'g'ri tenglik,2-sidato'g'ri tenglik hosil bo'lyapti.
b ) K v a d r a t g a k o ' t a t i s h u s u lM
i .: l 2 x - 7 1 < 5 , l 2 x - 7 1 2 3 5 , , 4 * r - Z g x + 4 9 3 2 5 , x 2 - 7 x + 6 1 O , x : [ 1 ; 6 ]
c) Umurniy usul -moduldantashqaridagiifoda o'zgaruvchilibo'lgandaalbattashuusuldanfoydalanishshart. Bundamodul ichini
nol qiluvchi ildizlami sonlaro'qiga qo'yib, oraliqlaryaajratamiz.Har bir oraliqdamodulnialohida-alohidaochib,tengsielikni
yechamiz.Yechimlamingbirlashmasiniolamiz. F{: l2x-4lcx+6, 2x4=0, x=2. )_
f t x=(atl -Z<3x _ \ -(52' z. 1J
^ -. _ .,,
I l+-Zt'<x+6 x>-2/3
I
L1;-=-32-u x:[2;10) Ikkala r' ':(-f;ro)
oraliqningbirlashmasi:
4. Bir nechamodulli"=fiff)
tenglamalar faqatumumiyusuldayechiladi.M: l2r--81-lx+21+lx-31--7
1. (-co;-21oraliqdan biror sonniolib masalan,--3 ni mudullarichigaqo'yib ularningishorasini i + I f
+ r
aniqlaymiz.2.(-3Y8: -24 nranfi1'; -3+2= -l rnanfiy; -3-3= -6 nranfiy. :.t. .
2. [-2;31 oraliqdanbiror sonniolib masalan, 0 ni mudullarichigaqo'yib ularningishorasinianiqlayrniz.
Z.O-S:-A nlfi11fi.v;0+2=2
nrushal; 0-8=-8 nraufiv.
3' [3;a] oraliqdanbiror sonniolib masalan,3;2'nimudullarichigaqo'yib ularningishorasinianiqtaymi).
- Z,tp*: -1,6 rnanfiy;
!
3,2+2=5,2musbat;3,2-3:0,2musbat.
4. [4; "o] oraliqdanbiror sonniolib masalan,I 0 ni mudullarichigaqo'yib ularningisholasinianiqlaymiz.2.I 0-8= I 2 musbat;10+2=12
musb4t; 10-3:7 musbat. : ,. , ::
Modul ichi ishopasimusbatbo'lganlarnio'z holicha,manfiy bo'iganlarniteskarisigaochib chiqrb,tengsiziknr yechamrz.
-Lr=-6
''t J x=(-o',-21
,., 3 soni (-m;-2loraliqqakirmaydi
l8-2t-(--r-2)+3-x=J x=3 shrminguchun..6
J;=[-2;3] -4x = -2 0,5soni[-2;3]oraliqqakiradi
4
" .r 1 8 - 2 r - r ' - 2 + 3 - x = 7 ,i;= 0J
t r ^
| .r = lJ:41
, 1 -Lr= 4 -2 soni[3;4].oraliqqa kirmaydi
rl , i
[a-zr-i- 2+x-3='l x=-2 shuninguchunp

/ J -*=[4*)
-,',
L't=20 l0 soni[4;co)oraliqqategishli
.I: 0,5 va l0
1 2 r - 8 - 2 - x + x - 3= 7 x=10

fvl:lx4l+lx+31:7
=l-3;4] _-f,-=-rZi
--€
u' {;r
= (-"q-31
-t ',,t Ix - x + a1 Jx = [4;o)
l+-x-x-5= 14 x+3=7 lx-4+x+3 =7
" 43+ 4 +
-Lr=6 7=7 ayniyuchutt 2x=8 y.;s=[-3;4]
xl =-3 bu sistentating yechid x3=4
x2 = [ - 3;4J oraliqdgi sonlarbo,ladi
x1\d x3 ildizlarx2 ildizning tarkibidaborligi uchunjavob yr=[-3,-4] bo'ladi.
M: l-t2+l;=5. Modulichidagixi+1ifodadoimmusbatuchunmodulnitashlabyuborishrnumkin, x2+l=5, x2=4, x:x2
M: lalx+/ll+ll-l8l+3xl=ll-xl+281, Soddalashtiramiz: 4 ni ikkinchirnodulichigakiritsaklpx++llbo'ladi,ichkaddagimoduldan
rnusbatsonchiqadi,shuninguchun I -tashqalidagimodulnitashlabyuborarniz:l4x+41.Ikkinchi qo'shiluvchidagimodul ichidagil-l 8l
+99899.0t4.65.6
 dan 18chiqadiva ular o'mini almashtirish
rnumkin:i3x+181.Tenglikdankeyingi
f-xl ni minusinitashlab,ixl ko'rinishidayozish
murnkinvalxl+28 ifodadoirnmusbatbo'lganligiuchuni+ashqaridagi kafta-odutni tashlabyuboramiz:lxl+2g. Nihoyat:
l8l=l.ri+2S x 1:-I , x2-6, xr=g Bu uchtaildiznisonlar
l4:;+41+l3x+
o'qiga qo'yib, oraliqlargaajratib, luqoridagr misol kabi yechamiz.
---\ ,--\ ,a-
- v - Y + >
<i , .-l;tirIlli;i:!7: a *
n: llx-el+l2x+21F15 xre,x,=_t, - -/ + 9 +
2-tengsizlikbo'shto'plam,sababimoduliardan musbatsonchiqadi,2 ta musbatsonningyig'indisi -15 ga reng
bo,lmaydi.
l ' (-* ;-/ I oraliqdan-2 ni muduliarichigaqo'yib ularningishorasinianiqlaymiz.(-2)-9= -l
I manfiy; 2.(-2)+2:-2 manfi1.
2' [-l 91 oraliqdan0 ni mudullarichigaqo'yib, ulamingishorasini aniqlaymiz.0-9= -g manfiy; 2.a+2:zmusbat;
3' [9;o] oraliqdanl0nimuduliarichigaqo'yibulamingishorasinianiqlaymiz.
l0-9: I musbat; 2.10+2:22musbat.
Modul ichi ishorasimusbatbo'lganlarnio'z holicha,manfiy bo'lganlaraiteskarisiga
ochib chiqib, tengsizlikniyechamiz.
Ix=fat;-tl -Lr=8 -8/i soni (--; -
U oraliqqategishli
l-x+9-2x-2= l5 .r.=-8i3

Z
- 'r I t = [ ^ / ; l ] x=4 4soni[-t;9Jaraliqqakirattt
l-.r+y)+2:t-r2=15

4){ J-jii? 1, =,, j:;ii, tt"'o',,

.r:-8/3va4
!f,,,,,:;l;:,1,;,71:Airma)'di
5' tsir necha modulli tengsizliklar ham faqat wnumilt usultla yechlladi. yechimlarning
birlashmasi olinadi, fi: l.rl+l.v-1f+l"v--l
'',j x=(<;01
. r + 2 - . r <6
f' - .3t *r l<- 3 irt1l .{r- rr =i -[.0r i: 2l ]_- - , < 6 t, ,. , { ' = [ t ; 2 1^ - o
* ,,l! r = L ? ; r - )
-.r<3 '1".'ri .i +s x' -_+zl2- _4 x\ u
<6 ,''rj,i;l+x-2<6
-v>-'l _r>-3 x<3

-1
r, =
0
(_l;01
-1 d'''i r*t
y=f2;3) Bularningbirlashmasj: J: (-1

ffi: |11-;rl-12"r+
3l>lx+I 2l _ -- r z+ _ : I r r
. 2
r'/iJ x =-( - *-(-?.r--3)
r-l2l ,rJx=[-12;-1.51
-'|.
(l I x) > (-r-12) (11- x)-_(-Zr-3.l> (,r+
, rlzj
.\ 3 X f * = t - l i r l ] l a J * = [ l l
",[(l I -x) -(2r+3) > (.r+12) 4{'(_liiix; _(zr+3); * )
l 1 - x + Z r + 3> - x - 1 2 '11-x-Zr-3 -' t > (i *
11--t+L,c+3>x+12 rritZ lii*._ Lr_3>x+12
0>-2 _4x>4 _2x>26
xeR y<-t
x<_13

ly'rchish;bunda x ning o'miga qanday son qo'ymavlik

moduldan musbatson chiqaveradi.Faqat .vning o'miga
1
va-5 sonlarini qo'yolmaymiz. ;' v=(-co;-5)u(-5;z) -j-jrr,:jir)i)Lir:ri.i.i,r,r
w(2;cn) ij.il;.r,li;.,:i,:r? j:i
i{t: ll l-xl+l2x+31<-5 Bu tengsizlikning
yechimifr. sababi,moduldan
doimmusbarchiqadi,ularningyig,indisi-5 kichikbo,
olmaydi. ll |-r'l+l2x+31>-5 Bu tengsizlikningyechimi;r e ,&

d//t/t/il///t ////t/
>0 -2 2\\\\\
rvt,dl+:l>,, t - . -
l.i
=[ l;@)

l x =( 1 ; 2 1
J;1-=(i;er)

ftinksiyagraiigini chtzish'ilaawai rnodulsiz holatda

chizib, so'ngra rnanfiy qisminr ;r o,qiga siisbafansimrnetrik ko

d
1'
!

v=lxl=l-xl i - l
!-l-^-
- " i l r t
1F L .- -l^-l = . 1r t r ' , 'rellrl
t !- fr.
li=lx+tl-F2
989ir014.fi5,5i
 f.\: y:1-12-3*l funhsiyagrafigini ehizishda,e.\N.al,y=j-3v funksiyagrafigini
-
chrizarniz, I'evin;,=l?-l*l funksiyani,keyin .yt ,lt-jxl funksiyan.i,key,js
-lJ-J,tl r-/ funksiya gtafint clljzantiz.

1) 5lx-11-3 funkslyaningxossaiarir
I. frrnksiyaraing nollari l.r-trf3=0 xr= -e, xr=e (-Z;0) (
;0) va (A;_2j
II. xo=1simmetriyamarkazi, grafi!:ninguchi {t;_3)
I i L A . S . x = ( - o o ; c a ) , Q . S .5 = l - 3 ; m ) " ,
IV. ishrrralari
: x= ln;-l) w @;e) t1ay> 0, y= 1-2; 4) day < 0
V. r-={-'.,;llda ihnksiyakamayu'chiy J x=[l; m) da ftrnksiyao,suvchiy T
"
VI. x=tr day,,;,,:-3 (fun-lcsiyaning
engkichik qiymati.)
2) y:2lxl+4 funksiyaning xossalari: f {"r,'pqlqr{n_9
.,trii'ig|t.{:):1ii
fii.i,l:i
I. Furksiyaning
nollari A:4xl+4, xf -2, v2=). (-2;0),(2;0). y:Z.lfll+a, y=4, g;4)
II. xo=gsimmetriyamarkazi, grafikninguchi {0;4)
iII. A.S. x=(-co;co), Q.S. 5(--"o; 4 l
IV. ishoralari: x:(-m;-2)v@co) da
1r<0,x:(-2;Z) day>A
V . x = ( - . o ; O ] d ay T , x = [ 0 ; m ) d a y J
VL p0 da y,,,n:4 (funksiyaning eng katta qiymati.)
Bir nechamodullitunksiyaning grafiginichizishda- harbir modulichidagiifodaildizining
firnksiyadagi
qiymatininuqtabilan
belgilaymiz'Nuqtalarniketma-kettutashtiramiz'Hosilbo'lgankesmalami ikki atrofidansonberibgrafiknidavomettiramiz.
fvl; 5lx-41-lx-31+lx+21 fi: 5lx_ll_lx+31
xf -2 xz=3 x::4 t /
ul *, / (_3;a)
\ r'tr (r;+)
\" -)
y(-2)=1241-l-2-3rq-2+21=t sl. ./,!t (_a;a)(3;_a)
y(3)=6 t./ i,i
X- -f: ii'
y(4)=5 iV-_lr l.A.s.x:(_co;oo)
i I li ii ii
{-4;3}(5;6):". I > rrr.
rne.
- 4 1, I e.S 5[+;a]
I;*ll:f;x) | :+s III.(o;-2),(-r;o)
- --
III. Kordinatao'qlarib-n kesishish
nuqtasi(0;3) r(l; co) da y<0 I
IV' Islrorasi:x:(-m;m) da y>0 v. *=f-*;- zl'tLl+;*)aayo,z*arnas, x=ls;tfutaa yr
y. x=(-*;-2]vB;+laa y{ x =[-z;z]w[a;*)aa yr.y,,;,,=_4,
yf )),,o,=4
VI. x:2 da yn,1n=l1i,{t'r+{i:ri {-.t'}tjt{i.{Jjir,
rij.5{,7
tvJ: lx-21+l2x-51+lx-51
ifodaningengkichik qiymatinitoping.ycchish: x1=2, xz:2,5 xfl:
y(2):0+l+3=4, y(2,5)=0,5+0
+2,5=3,
y(5):3+5+0=8, J:3
4isullat: 1) ax2=laltenglamayagonayechimgaegabo'ladigana ningbarchaqiymatlarini
toping, A.Dg B.a<0 c.a=0 D.6
a>* rla ni+-r,xt 5=5, x: tl 2 tayechiir,.a<0 da m-ri, x? x?=-i
, l-51, yeciriu-r
yo'q. .;:0 tla, 0:* cireiisizko'p yechi,rr. .I: (Li
frJ: (a+l)x2+(ia'+21-la+l0l)x+a=5ushbu kvadrzt tenglamaa ning qandayqiymatlarida
2 ra musbarildizga ega? ylechisli:
Deylrk'ildizlarimusbatx1=2va x2=3bo'lsa, x2-5x+6=6bo'ladi, ya'ni
biz-toemmiycnt)manfiy,c (ozodson)rnusbat. yana D>0.
l a + 2 1 - l a + t 0 l_ n -=.----_-------5
-
Q* / [-kasrtengrizlikni suraridagimodullami
n-t
0 oratrqtarga ajmtibyechamiz.
ffi,
',la+21-la+r0l)2
_4(a+t)(a_5)>0 . . t / t ,

a-(-o,'-Qv(-l;o)

Il-tengsizlikningyechimi: e - (--a
Ill-tengsizlikningyechimi: (a+2)2

+99899,014.65
 #,. '] 1 a=(-#,')
1 . 1 |

gateng'
+ tegishlibutunnuqtalarisnl; n2+(n-l)z
n sohaga
tegishlibutunnuqtala"oni' 62+in+l)2; 1.,I I I l<
.r I rl + l.vlt n sohaga

uningturfari'
1. {ax cfiizt4tifunfuiyaaa
2. E[ementarfunkgila'

l t - l

l.Gratigigiperholabo,lganfunksiyagakasrchiziqlifunksiyadeyiladi.Ko'rinishi2xil:1,.:iF-11""

L- kumuyov.hi,],=* yoki y=t; o'suvchi"

hosil bo'ladi" yr1'y = ;1A
funksiva,k<0 bo'lsa o'suvchi funksiya
kamay"irvchi
t'l'
da t - 'r\niqianishsohasix*
ko'rinishi.Bunelahamk>0 da y J ' k<0 v
& funksiyakasrchiziqli funksiyaningelementar
M'
vo'qlarinikesmavdi'
va'niv:(-mp)u(0;co)'Demakgrafikxva
";'r:r=il;;";;;.Qivmatlarsohasihamv+0'
4
3'1
2'lv=-z "=J-+3
t\,,=?
x+I
x#0
x*0 v#3
.,+O v#0 -oZ f-yul birlik
ol flEE^,3 biriik wqorrga

ri chizig'i deyiladr'Assimptotaning hllari: vertikal va gorizental

la $l'ir,agar'iuchiiii li # t
kei:ak("'-i-a* 0)' I{asr nolgaieiig bo'
assirnptota
7: b gr'xizonral
, + b . Bundalrr:s verlikal assirnptol;a'

kelibchiqadr. .) _
= grahgiyuqoricla
-4 + 3 trnksiya'ning chizilgan'
gra.figiva lossatrali: i't; t
4. Kasnchiziqlifunksryaning
n . . v + l , t . 9 .a : ( - c o ; 1 ) u ( 1 ; c o ; ' ' ya'niqanchakichilt
(-3 Q99;2,98){-999;2,998)
I [ . y + 3 Q ' S .Y = ( - ' o ; 3 ) r - r ( 3 ; o o ) $D ga.qo'yrnaylik,hechqachony:i ho'lerolmayclt'
o'qlari bilan kesishish nuqta {i};n} {1/3;0't
IItr.Kordinata
>0 = <0
,u" rrn"**,r. r,;= i*r;f)'*'(1;co)'da,v Q; ldaT'

Y . . 1= ( - c o ; t ) r - r ( t r ; w ) d a . v ' I
= ;"'t:j r:"1it i'''
.' ! ;'--i nt:r'lll
l/tr r= I .,e|1jk al :1SSimiltt't-'i,
I 4.! ; I l
ESti-{ilEp8 99.1'
 , = u **B funksiyaning chizinadi,l) cxr-d+0 x+ -d
grafigiquyidagicha A.S 2) .,r+E Q.5 3) (s;y) (x;0)
c
{ " 1 : -p = l d - i l . ' r ; ' i r : , . i : ( ' : . :ii:-rt. : : i : t r r . ' i -i t: t ' i , { . ; l
b-Jx
D i. 5-3x * 0, x * 2, A.S. x:(- co;7)\.-)(2i cr:"i
i / /\ i t r
lr.v# -= \!.s.]-[-*-i_j.,{.-J,",J
P -1/'s i ...o
III. Kordinatao'qiari bilan kesishisFa nuqfalzu'i"(-1 ;0) va (t);l/ti) i t !

IV. Ishoralari.; = (-co;-l ) u {_2;c6}day < 0 ; r-= ( - I ; 2 ) da1,;. i1 ii l{

F;7) Y. 5 = {-oo;2) v(2 ;w Sday T

E V^^- ^L:-:^t:
J. ra4}r vrtrarYr! i-ya to'laligicha yoki aigumcnii madulga oiirgan bc"lsa, gi'afigi x'ud,ji k;adiat fiinksi;yadagixossalarkaiii cliieiia,ji
t - 4 " l a
;'= l---='+ II -r - - T i
J , 1

l*iL I lrl - i
r'l
I.A.S.x+-2 I. x+-l A.S.
II. Q.S.y=[0;co) II. ;, = (-co ;-1 I t-t (2 ;at)
i0;-1) (2;0)
III. K.o'.b.k.n, lII. K.o'.b.k.n.(0;-1)
lY. x=(-q-4w(+@) day20 \ur.;g= (+ ;--i ) \J ( t ,,@)da fr>$
lV. = (-+o;-2)r-..r[2],:o)
da y f. .r=(-1;.1)day<0
I "
i "=(a;zldayL
!. .a: (--co,-l)u(-l ; O I da y t
iVI. x:-2 vertikalassimptota. r=[0;l)t-'(l;m)dayv
I
-J-s0li-ir';r
fiilt{i {il.
I i1"{:i\i#,{'}+
i
I
l . - \ - /n
- / ) = T--------=
- t .- 2
= 1-----;-
; = (.o;2)da z _ s h a r[t. r = ( 2 ; 3 ) . d a
I
l * . ' - 5 ' * rq- 4 . [ . - E ' 'v = - (- 2
x:2--
- x ) ( 3- x ) x -3
2-rannly=,'1.i,=--l-
[' (x-2)(3-x) 3-x
l --rasnt

3 ta shartni
birlashtinak:

x*2;3 II.Q.S.t,=(-1;0)t-r(0;co) IILKordinatao'qlarib-nkesishishnuqtasi(0;*l/3)fV. Ishoralar-i:

x:(-og2)
x=(2;3)u(3;m)da y>0. V. r=(-cqz)t-l(3;o)dayt a=Q;3)dayf VI. x=2; x=3 va y=0 assimprotat/ch.

t,a --z-t-A,. .- a L-
li.-[l=:!:-i r't.
ji t*rta--.- jl.\

l! y=J-a xo=412=1
-t
lz,v=zx2 Yo=4-8-5= -9
J: I ta yecbim J: 3 ta yechim

-; lt {J,-{:
; l-:;f ig'*:;r +ii-qit.}- i3-T
i h
- Rasmday= q +:- funksiyaninggrahgi
|I i'o1' ' r+c

A; a2-b2<o B) b--c-a>O C) c-b>0 D) bc'l"ab2<0

Bundaawalo assimptotachiziqlari taxminanqayerlardano'tganinitasawur qilish kerak.

O;ro'qiningustidayotibdi- bu a:0 degani.Vertikalassimpiota
Gdrizontalassimptota Ox
joylashgan- bu c<0 degani(m-n, , =
o'qidano'ng tomonda bundax* 2 vertikalassim-a.)
#
Funksiyakamayuvchibo'lgani uchun,h>0. O'zimizdansonlarberibjavoblarnitekshirarniz.
ia:0, b=2, c=_l A) A2-22= --4<0 to'g'ri B) 2{-1F0:3>0 to'g'ri
E) -l->0 noto'g'ri D) -2+0'4= -2<0 to'g'ri

+99899.014.65.61
 (l-a)z= a, u'g Jo,=l"l ,87=J;.JE(a;b>o)"JE= {""b (a>0)
=hrz? =%E
=3
(.,fa;t F=tst, G4r = F4l "6{6 = ,l-sJG (a;b> o) 3Jn
Mv ='+l*
(Jt lz JJ+s

;+;d(r-.r) W.'n-'ln)
"-*ftn-,.f) W-'n.'A
"-o=f[6..'.6)
,1-r1=(r-6)f.,,,6-t '.t .,F-qF,lff:Sr=,-t1,,F
ffi ..f) ['-,[-,* I
,Ji*yJy=
t- -\,
' * 2.,[ry+ 1,= (Jr + ,/Y f

kattasikatta'
sonla'ringdarajasikichigikatia'1 dankattasonlamingdarajasi
0va I oratrig'tdagi
i:i{1,;\l'r!1.,\;sonlanritaqqoslashda:
&<243'
q)Jr<Jt;
F , r , 0 , 6 3 < 0 4, 6r .24; , ; l ; r , o o t r < 1 , 0 1 u ; , t J z r u 6 J i , ( { 6 f 0 n . ( t f 3 f o ,2 6 v a 3 5 ,

'j " [ - r J , - r22

(E\',-(EL4 ' ') " \-'" " "f'rt'-
[ , i - [1lsf z'roo$nnni"
'..r
,[+ j " * (,8)+
F)-l | ' + ] . |f,.tr,-+fu,,
. , - r t =" "jf.-6-+f'
[.t,'j , | . - r 3 3 J
Juftdarajaliildiz ostidaham, undanchiqadigan sonhamrnanfiy
f"{1_"oliar: o . y uo,t u, w *tJ.cle oJ* *.[y, =z
".
sonbo'lmasiigikerak.Toqdarajaliildizostidaham,undanchiqadigansonhammanfiybo'iishimurnkin'-xy+xy-x+y=-x+Y
r. -tu-. *,[oz *poa5 =7 ,[@A, +l@+5), =3-a+a+5=8 (kvadratlarbilanildizlarqisquib
2) -5<a<3 bo'lsa, {a'-
juft darajaliildiz ostidaham, undanchiqadiganson hammanf,ryson
ketadiva f - ildiz ostidan a-3 emas,3-a chiqadi,chunki ichi l-3:2
masalan,I ni ildiz ostidagia ning o'rniga etib qo'ysak l-ildiz
bo,lmasligikerak.Berilganoraliqdanbiror sonnitanlab, '-,jj:
teskarisi 3-a chiqadi'bumusbatson degani
manf,rybo,lib qoladi.Shuninguchunildiz ostidanuning irdizostidan
llljjff**'i:::
uchun uning
;;;G- 1+5:6musbat bo'ladiShuning
ictri
z-itaiz
:Hit":il"-:ffi #;:;ffi; ",tuo"'r'.r.
o'zra+5 chiqadi)
ildiz
bundax<-5' Y':c:hi ,ttt **Z. rfti* ZY shartgako'ra x<-Sdan'masalan-7sonini
3)x+Z-,,1x2t-4x+4 ifodanisoddalashtiring,
iidiz ostidagiifodaningteskarisichiqadi'x<-5 deganshartildizdan
ostigaetibqo,ysak,-1+2=-smanfiy. Shuninguchun
J: 2x+4
x+2 ifodagahechqandayta'sir ko'rsatmayd| x+2-(-x4)=)x+4'
tashqaridagi
r r
{r+{2
qx=1-J4A bo'lsa, .Jt =Fffi -J;=ffi -J-*nJz=li -lz*Jz=li
+,[i=?F,t-qa
=;r deb o'zgartirish kiritamiz va tenglikning ikkala

a 2. x = x 3 ; a 2= x z
tomoninikubgako"taramiz' tt"'
r____ ko'taramiz'Bunday musbatbo'lishi shaft'
= ldeb o,zgartirishkiritamiz va renglikningikkatratornoninikva<lratga
lo, lot , JT.

ko' taramiz
=-q debo,zgaftirishkiriramizva tenglikningikkalatomoninikvadratga
- ,,re
,E*tr-rq,:_F_tio"f,6 ='z
=1s.p2J$ ;'z=2'(5+'E);
;;J0.rif,,1o u[:o6-;- J6 =:,2; 10+2J25-10

-^ .<- -=vt iL1z .. !ut JrE+; .vvLra Jr- t l L

1 ?, _=_EG@
; IE= n

Kaslning maxlaj va snratini

aerqurqaring" shartga iio,ra rnaxlajda ildizlik son qolrnasligi kerai<.
#?

ko'pavirran'aiz at-ht daot{ayda\ana'niz"

maxrajning q.o'si'rrna.siga.

va
ildizlik sonqolmasligikerak'Kasmingmaxra'!
qutqaring.
iratsronallikdtln
9) tu{axrajni shartgako'r'arnaxrajda
E -i;ffi
qn'shmasiga lto'pavttrarniz' a'-b' don firydalanarniz'
suratini aaa;,<rajning
 ,_-ffi
ilili*,.fZl-Jnj
iJ5+,!7s+-1tI J.k"li* urn- fi

;-----E
' lii''l1
j l t " . f " u f t -
' n l r r 'v16
t t l , t
VrG VI6 ".. = ,r bo'lsin, iruva n musbat butun sonlar bo'lsa, n eng ko'pi bilan necha bo,la oladi?

Yeehish:n darujagaka'taramiz:tt'dto.'jlG' - =r'rr, 15.nt: m,t 7g-nx,-!, . quyidagihollarniko,rib chiqamiz:

"
a) 16:16"-r , n:2. b) 42=4"-t, n:-1 e;Za=Znt , n:5. J: n=5

1. Rationa{fu|rsatfrcfrfi damja.
2, a soniningn-{araja[iitfrzi.
3. Ifdiztarucfrun1erikdigan sfrartfar. A)7
4. Ifdiz[an cfriqarisfr
aa i[fizga Riritisfr. Bli-3
5. Irrationa[funQ$a.
6. Inatsianaftengfamatami yecrtisrt,
7, Irratsionaftengsizti{krniyecfrkfi^
i.ilara;aiidake,;rq;ti:,ashgai-rs;iilul.afsi,:;iallio,r-iatljclllid*rajad*iri[,11.i'1 *.
'# ,, *,.i R-rtr,.,.u;ll:"r,rsatkichli
"
darajaniildizko'rinishidahamyozishmumkin.
=':l*
M:
"# , 3+ =tJF , u|=r1;* , W =71 =7r=303
S . a s o n i n i n g n - d a r a j a li il d i z i d e b s h u n d a y b s o n i g a a y t i l a d i kfil,j = 6 6 o , ! g a n d a , , : f i i , = a
b o , l a d i . t d l 1l ) { A = Z a=2a=16

2 ) x 6 = 4 x = x * 1 4= x l l z t = x z l = { J i 3 'a) t : 1 5 a = U t S
3. Ildizlar darajasiga 'rs"f'.tlr,
ko'ra ikki xii bo'ladi: {.*gilS*i$t}1ri.fiiilil
a) ,juft darajali ildizlar' ?6 'bunda2njuft son..Juftdarajaliildizningichidagi
sonham,undanchiqadigan
narijaham nomanfiy
bo'lishikerak.tul/i=b brmdaa)0 b)0 ,,
b) toq darajali jldizlar- ?L*fi ,bunda2n*l toq son.Toq darajaliildizningichidagi
sonham,undanchiqadigan
natijahamhar
qandaysonbo'lishi m.umkin.2n+.lJ|=b bunda ae& beR

M: l) ffi=-2 -!
,r r=,*@ .r(r,+g.<n
tr-.titr-+t =,t-€-26
(3i-G:4'" G:5F:4)
- *?fl=r€-r- 4 r[-5;0]u(3;4)

ifi yoki x=(-co.3)

u(3;a)u(4;m)

4. Ildizdan M. 1)fr -iy =7-x 7 -x)0 xS?

chiqarish. 2),162+3x-4)2=4- x2 -?rx x2+3x:4<0 x=[J;l]
Irdizgakiritish.
rur,l) rlE =lho.i 2)-4.Ji=-m 3)-u.ffi-=-{fit =if,lls{
+99899.0
I 4.65.6
I
 5. ltdiz qatnashganfi.rnksiyalar irratsional funksiyalar deyiladi. Ular 3 xil bo'ladi:
a) Tez o'suvchi- darajako'rsatkichikasrlibo'lib i dankattabp'ladi.lv1,
1 , - 5 -
y:1: = {/.t/ 5xs =i/x6 1,--(Lt+t)Z = tl(Z'n t)5
xe.R xerR 2x+120 x)-O,S
\ ^
v€R v)0 y 4 U

b) Sekino'suvchi- datajako'rsatkichikasrlibo'lib 0 va 1 oralig'idabo'ladi.lM'

J'* -l-ili'il'i)',ji.f,:i1i {i:i if
Y=- vn'
e l .

!:
-.J
< -
x" v=!7
x€ft x€R x>0
v€R y>0 v(0
c) Giperbolikfuknsiyalar- darajako'rsatkichimanfiybo'ladi.M:
'i
-Y
^
= x -xz = :
l
L
y = r-1- = l1r 'u = ___L_
{@-21t
x#o x#o x>2
v)0 v>0

{i. Inatsional tenglamalaraniqlanish sohalarni hisobga olgan holda, tenglikningikkala tomonini kvadratgako'tarib yechiladi,
Topilgan yechimiarni berilgan tenglamaga etib qo'yib, tekshirib ko'rish kerak. Sababi bunda chetki ildizlar paydo bo'lishi mumkin
M, zJi* -Je, =z 4(3x+2)=4+2.2J6x +6x 6x+4=+J6x 3x +2=2J6x 9 x z+ l L x + 4 ' = 2 4 x

9x2-l2x+4=0 (3x-2)2=g x=213 AS. x 2 o

ilv*'*+t'=0, t r F v a r u c h u n u m i m i y n * r ra.i -* . t J T - l . s r f , d + 6 = 0
z l s J - 4 - 1 . i / i + 6 x - r = Q { f , i l - - tJx2 x

-l .s,rF+S=0, tJ;; =o, a3-7a+5=0,

sr[xs Kubiktenglamaniyechishdaozodsonningbo'luvchilarinitenglamag
bo'luvchilarit1,t2,t3,t6.
ko'ramiz.6 sonining
tekshirib a:l da lr-7'1+6:0, 0:0 bo'ladi.at-7a+6 rti a-l gabo'lamiz
ot-7o+5 =1a-t)(a2+a-6): (a-l)(a-2)(a+3)=0 a.-1, af 2, ns: -3.

iF=r .rr=1, ',[F=z *'isz. Vri =-3 .yJh43

l..iyi:1zyi

J: l;W;3J-243
-6a+6
-6a+6
0
?. Ilatsional tengsizliklaraniqlanishsohaiarnihisobgaolganholdayechiladi.Tengsizlikningikkala tomonihammusbatbb'lsa,
kvadratgako'taramiz.Agar musbatyoki manfiyligini bilmasak,I -martarnusbatdeb( > 0 ), Z-martamanfiy deb (<0) kvadratga
ko'taramiz.Yechimlarning birlashmasiniolamiz,A.S.bilankesishtiramiz.ivl: a/i;;-Ji-t >t i: ),',:ir';'.;{; i'';";:'-:':1';.1
-:-r;;ri

1*rt1*2./i-&1--, 2x-i]0
^, o l xt+- .1t 2> 0o I*>-1 -, =
- r['- t , t l -!G; L
" 1] 4 x 2 - 4 x + l > 4 - * )
{ t t<1 "'r if""yz>0+"/i-i-".12 Lr-tr>2$-x

l-x>Q5
-+ ,*,[- x=(t;*) -l; ,, I zx - I < 0
- -
-
>r Sababi,tengsizlil,cringchaptotionida$ ifoda 2x tr

1". "' l2r ! > 2,11 x ) fr " manfiy.o'ng tomonidaesaildizdannrusbatsonlalchiqad

=.=(t,*)
--i&rE€#{ffkF

dt
)::.=F'4
l-tt,x=.fr
\
I

t
\.-
JJ

l
,

l
_l
I

x=[0'5;2
J-liifriili,l""'r'
1'c 4r;-2>0 -1 U"J L

3 ^ l - P 1 ' * a 6 > 4 x -t2i 9{-x2+r; + O > !5x2-!r:x + 4 pa-stclagisisteiranrrg "7echimi|-z;u,5)

{ i'l; .rc -,*.2-l*+6)0 | f ' 4x;2<3-
"'' .r=i-2;ll jJ- .r? + .r -- b > tl.;- ) --+q,.t,ti1t Utrartring b il{ashrnasix = l-Z ;21 b o'ladi.
-4 Lt
t y€chiryr haritill .[: Y=l-2;2\
r.=[-2;2)brlanA.S.ni kesishtirsak,

t -Ftr9399"01,i.{i5.61
 't*x\ jr.{rr#..'r':..:"r*
fdr.ffr5-16
'"'' ag-o <x2-t'x+M f i":=.%,,, Il:,:<7a/n3 - 2
f {.f':';i3,o) 5 74113
l"S. x = (co;-Z]r_:[5;m)
,,';t ifr.
| {-m:'t*rnysonden-bud L J:x=lcrli_Z\vLj;74/13)
, - \ l

4.i xr - zr(J-,r- L| > ll A.F. .r.). I t:z -Lv(::-|j227" xz -2,;2 +Lu> 27, y2,_Zxt-27 <A, a > 0vaD < 0 uehun -! : tJ

1.1:{-"-f)",F ++ < Ez -9, A.S. x e d i* -llr',Fl?-;.. - j] < o, (x-3X.x4"-1-?I-41p6', xr =3, r+:= rFlT.
x z + 6 x + 9 = x 2+ 4 6x = -S, *, -; ( \ 1
x = | - *;- * I u, l:; i.ll ri': | -1.,;i'rjtfji*,r'i.
i:)i;iiirl
\ o l ' ' "o)

.f -1
x Z

i,, '=[-+,0]"l,0,+l
{ L ,/,? ,l \ J3_l
i [ 1 . x = r t :' i=t x = l.t.;^z.)
lltr.r:fi
1-F t-.F-+x ko'rinishidanoraiiqlarusuligakeldi.Kasmingsurativanaxajini
rrr, - r.
> e t o
= v' T-y*qr - nolga
4x 4.t aylantiradigan
sonlamitopib,sonlaio'qida belgilaymi? 4; =b; ;;;*;'=3-
1-ff1-4=Q 1-4x=."6ff
l - 8 r + 1 6 x 2 = 8 x - 3 l, 6 x 2 - 1 6 . r + 4 = 04 x 2 - 4 r . + 1 = 0 - - l ) 2 = 0
{21 X , u a=r 0 , 5 + c h e t i l d i z
T"k: t-rfi+5+ - 4-ai=0, l-t-2=0 -2+0 A.s.3x-8)Q
x >3/8. Kasrsuratiga
{-..6;_rr)A.s.gategishlibo,tgan
qandayqo'ymaylik,suratdoim manfiy.Suratnitashlabyuborib,belginialmashtiramizva tengsizlik{ < o to'rinishgakeladi"Bu
+x
tengsizlikning
yechimi:x<0. Bu yechimniA.s. bilankesishtirsak, javob @ bo,ladi.

? 'r x ' v x - l
ff.fi=''
V x 3- l
sJf *+sdF +{.F+t=te,
vx" -l
Vx -t
tG ntdp *tJ, =v+ uJ, = o
#:-F-,'='ut€#
;lXjE " rl * <'.6- rl<@lE:l
ffi= s,{-f 1 = 16,

, , o3+,7t+6-14:9. !iirl,'rri{i+^ir
i-':j.i}i?ia:+f
t:r:lil}i
Kubik tenglamani ozodsonningbo'luvchilarinitenglamaga
vechishda qo'yib tekshiribk,:'lamiz.
14soniningbo'luvchilarit\tz,t1,!14. a= tl da tenglamayechimgaegaemas.a=2d,a Z3-I22-Z-14:Q"0:0 bo'ladi,
= (a-2)(a2+3a+7;=gaF2, a2+3a+710bu boshqako'paytuvchilarga
a3+a2+a-14 ajralmaydi.
tJi=", tG=2,
x:2s=32 I:32

.014.65.61
 wningfracfiaatarti| nomeri.
1. 1(etmtt-Rgt[ifu
2. Qgfutrrentformu{a.
? Arifmeti {p rogressi1a.
4. Anfm eti {p rogressi1antnga7irmasi.
5. fl.rifmeti{progressiyaningn-fradinitopisfr.
6. .A.rifmetifrBrogressilaning fastk1fu n ta ftafini yig topisfi.-
7. ,Lrifmeti {pr ogresiy aning asosi1:yossa[ai.
L AriJmeti{pragre taningfonwfafurt.
9. n-{iarfnifg'indi orqa{itopish.
$..Sonlarqatoriqandaydirrnatennatik qonunasosidatuzilganbo'lsa,bungaketma-ketlik;!91$g\._-_
3 18 ; 1 4 ;2 r ; 2 e ; 3 8 . . . ( + 5 ; 1 6 ; + 7 ; + 8 ...) 8 ; 7 ; r a ; e ; r T(.+, .2 ; + 2 . . j t;t !;]J]:6;0;7: -i;8;-2...{Jl;-1)
tSjrs;
4;7;10;{3;16:,. ( + 3 ) 3;6;12;24;48...|2) (
6;11;21;41;81;16l;...2 - l )
Ketma-ketliltni tashkiletuvchisonlarkehra-keilikninghadlari deyiladi.
Har bir hadning indeksidagi nomeruningtartih nomerinibildiradi.ti'l, 8;4;2;1;0,5;,..x1:8, xa:1 x7=118 1;4;7lar indeks.
3. Xohlaganhadnio'zidanoidingihadlarorqalitopibberuvchiformulagarelkurrentformula deyiladi.Bunda1-hadberilgan
bo'lsa, 2- va 3-hadnitoping.k2=?k3=? kr:j'1r.,-/=3'k72=3'3-2=7 kj:3' kz-2:3'7-2:19
bo'lishikerak. f'1: k53, kn=3'k,,-r-2
i.i,Ketma-ketlikning I -hadidanboshlabbir xil sonqo'shilishidankeyingihadiarhosilbo'lishigaarifinetik progressiyadeyiladi.
-
Aytu A4A4...3n-r?n bulararifmetik progressiyaning hadlan.tvl: 3;1;5;6;7
... 1;6;II;16;21;... 8;5;271;4;-7;...
sonarifmetik progressiyaningayirmasi (d) deylad| Arifmetik
hadlarigaqo'shilibborayotgan
4" Arifmetikprogressiyani6g
progressiyaningayrimasinitopishuchunbirorbirhaddano'zidanoldingihadniayirishkerak.W,-aJ g!:6;il;16;... d:16-11=5
$, n-hadni1-hadorqalitopishformulasi-G;it+(l*t)ia f v 1 :l 5 ; 1 1 ; 7 ; 3 ; - l ; - 5 ; - 9 ; - 1 3 ; - 1B
7u. n d a ,a 1 = 1 5 ,a 2 : 1 1 , d = - 4 ,
an:-17=ae n:9(ushbuprogressiya9tahaddaniboratdegani.) Tek: an=ae=-77: l5+(9-1X-4), -17 =-l7
,a'iifmetikprogressiyaayirmasiva hadlariningo'zaro bog'liqligi: a'+d:ar a:+d:a.{ at*Zd:at ar+3d:ac a2*2d:aa
a2-a16-Bd ar+50d:asr ae0=a7+83d 3d=a,-s-ao. !il:'"'';r.rrt'r* j'',':lij':i1i1
i';1.:-'t;:i:.i

fvl: Arifrnetik progressiyada a7:12 va d: -3 bo'lsa, an , az. a1, at3 ni toping, afai-6d=72-6(-3):30

fvi: 3g=z{$ azs=l16 bo'lsa,d:? 35 , zl1, 855=? a25:as+17d I I 6=.{8+I 7d 68: i 7d d=4 as=a8-3d=48-12=36
a;-a5-7d:48-28:20 ay: a25+j$f,:116+120:236
t---------:-------l
. 2a,+0r-l)d
$" Arifmetik plogressiyaningdastlabki n ta hadi yig'indisini topish formulaul' = rrj ioki .\ =++,rt
" 1 1
lS,, ry 2 '

Bunda, ay birinchi qo'shiluvchi, anoxirgi qo'shiluvchi, nnechta son (had) qo'shilayotganini bildiradi.
N\, aa:24 arz=48bo'lsa, d:? a1. Sa , S15:? a12: a3*4d '18:24+4d d=6 a- as-7d:24-42: -18
q -36J18.u--tu
so=2flQt(a:-l)
Sa=a1*a2*n3*a+=(-18)+(-12)+(-6)+0:-36 u- s,,=ZtE4EE.t5 =360
T, Arifmetikprogressiyaning
asosiyxossalari;
a) Arifmetikprr-rgressiyada
harqandayhado'zidantenguzoqlashgan teng. lr,, = %49*l
ikkitahaclningo'rta arifmetigiga

l''1,as = *+r* ivl az:10va as=62bo'1sa,a,':1 a1;ia7+s,ii1/=(L}+62):2=36

k ih a c i i n i n g y i g ' i n d i st irnt pi i n 1a. t

f r 4 :A . P . d a a r = 1 6 b o ' l s a , u n i n g d a s t l ia3bt a Srr:9#8.t3=16.13=208
b) Arifinetikprogressiyada
ikkita hadningyig'indisiboshqaikkitahadning'7ig'indisiga tengbo'lishiuchunularningindekslali
= Qsf rJ,,bu'ladi. i\.1;nro-Ft?s: aB+ a7
yig'indisitengbo'lishikerak.n-ftn:x+y bo'lsa, ttn-l'Qil1

i l l ' a r : - r - d s = b2 o0 " i $ aS r 7 = ? S " = l t f . g =iln!as =f.n =na { a 7 + a 1=7a p + a 5 ) ; ;

i1. ,+r'ifitrelikpro,gressiyarllngn-hadrchiziqii funhsiya-ko'r'inishida.

bo'ladi; m tsundar/ - r\.P,riinga-yirmasi
a,,:3'n1-2 a-'3'l't-2=5 a2:3'2+2:8 a3:3'3+2=1.1 aur=]QIJ12:\22 5;8;|tr,;... d:3
'', rr radniylg i"ri; . r--:----:---
t't'qalilopish ls,,:5,,--1.,-,
I l-i rr;=5y-J--;
, t710=,|1,,-.Je, e.,.,=1.,.,-3,
1vi:1,,-3-5,,-;=1 Si,qSut-Sr-z=21bg'l't,a,, d=? qp2:Sr-7-5,,1la i!t,,-1=5n 1-Sn-1 , l=er-:-a,,-1=21-J5:6, J_C

Dastlal-rlrin ta.leadyrg'rndisrchalak'tadrat li:o'rinishida

bo'ladi. F,-;tn ,(r:lct sonqatnashmasligi kerak)
tvi: Dastlabkin fa haclyig'irrdisiS,=3nz- 4n formulabilanhisoblanadigan arifmetikprogressiya u-chund=?, a'=?, 9 . 3 - i , c 1 q - - :

\l -.1 O -.r
L J . r L l i ,

1i-r.rsni.'!,:5t,'=1'12-4 Sz=3.224'2=4 9
S2=a;Ft12 zi:14u, a.z=S cl: a"_ar=5_(-j ):{5 an= ar-l-(n_1)d-l+(n_1)6:04:

+99899.01
4.65.5
1
\
 loti+-l-'d.4- :(-li+!5-'] o
.1-.=arr,.C=i,+i=l) d.i=-]J.t6=jr7 ." = i=55

d,,:Sn-Sn-1=-ln2-:in-g36n-n)2-4(n-l'll=:ir2-+n-:n2+iGril=o3i=;7 d:6 eu:6'3^7=\ ! ae=6'9-1=47

s e = : l . 5 2 - 4 . ; 5 = 5S
5, 3 = : 1 . X 3 2 - 4 ' 1 3 = 5 U 7 - 5 2 = 4 5 5 , , \
i!'lis,,[lur; i\ ':'1+731-75+"".+(6n+! fu6'rir-rishida Lro'I i shidamforldalanih, 6,,=g,'721'!'
d:2, a,,ntngchiziqlifunksi1,6
i=? Y,:r;lrish:
va d=2 ekanligidana,,=Ju-i-&,Et:7tr 7L=2'L+b, b=69. n-hadniiopishfonnularti- a,,:2n+69 rjesal.:, Tek: n=2 da
a2:2.2+69=1 3 to*g',t:i",
Endiyig'indidajami neclttahat3qa'ohil1'apti Ya'ni n'=?
shuri foFamrz,
c\1,=ar-v(n'-i)d or-ri=7t-Fiir'-t) Z 6lt-68=fu2' n'=3n-34 - -a7 n + f n + 1 . , t , t - 3 4 J = l n + I 2 J { k t - 3 4 } .
J:,53n-3

ti"
3n 3 -.3+n
3] i?n ba'!s.a,a,,;1sbnill,, sanidan neciramarta ko"p? =l A;3n B.r C) .. , , D ') ' - n- : - ,+- b , L) _ _ t
ilrt t i 7 .

1 =J,r
=r'-rclrir,tr;dr=il - . g1 31 1 9 3 4 2 7 45=]Jl3l4.5
3 5 8 =20'"'
1
az=iA=T {4=T:23=21 a4=1A3e=-{,

L : -=Z2'.1+-= + . d q= ] ' 7 2 = 3
a z- 9 . 2 = r, = 3
T 3 r 'r,+, ,,9*=+ (D)
-, 2' -t
J'9 s 9 4' z'1'-+'s' att n+
"r-
t =-5^+{
bo'lsa,a3e:? .t! 14= l0 +3r tenssi,lilori
3) a1=1,a5:5*x va a15=trfJ*3x = -1,5
rengszr yechsak,d ? = l+38.(-15}
=-56
\t*Ua
- a 3 = 8 ar='! Ja1+M-a1-?i=E 4 d = 8 , d = 2 , ( g 1 + 2 ] { a 1 + 1 2 ) = 7 5a,l + 1 4 a 1 - 5 =1 0 a 1 = - 1 7 s" r = }
',t, I a 1 d = ' ! ( 4 1+ r / X a+r ' 4 = 7 5 J: d=2, at=-l7va3
Vz.ot=1s
= 1 0 5 b
5 ) ( 1+ 3 + 5 + . . . + ( 2 n + 1 ) ) + ( 3 , 5 + 5 + 6 , 5 + . . . + ( 3 , 5 + 1 , 5 n ) )o ' l s a
n "
= ? - \ " e c h i s l tl:- q a v s i c h i d a = I , d = 2 , a n = 2 n * 1 ,
1 + | l i - 1 ) ' 2 = 2 n + L n ' = n + 1 . 2 - q a v s i c h i daa1 = 3 , 5d : l " 5 3 J + ( r r ' - l ) ' l = J35+lfu' n'=n+1. (S*r)+(S"*r)=105
t ' ' - 2 : + - .1p + n . j u f @ . f u + I ) = { n + I ) 2 + ( 3 ) + 0 / h i ) f u + t S = t 6 5 4 { u + D 2 + 4 ' ( 3 J + 0 / S $ ( i r=+4f . 1 0 5 ,7 n 2 + 2 t u - 4 0 2 = 0

nz*fu-N-:t, nr=6, J:n=6 *.tlir:'iir::v-l-''(+fii.'li:Ift'll{iir'.1:ij

"r=-I
5 ) 5 , 3 ; 5 , 1 2 ; . . . u s h b u a r i f r n e t i k p r o g r e s s i y a n i n g e n g k a t t a m a n f i y h a d i n i t o p i n g . Y e t h i s i , l d : 5 , 1a2n-:5O, n
3 i:y- 0
e ,ci h
8a. miz.
a":5,3+(n-l){-0,18):0. -s,3-0,18n+0,18:0' -0.18n:-5,48 n=30,44 Demak,a3e noidan kattason, a3s3anotrSa teng (lekin
, t ' n l i k a s r l i h a d m a v j u d e m a s )m, aa3n1f i y s o n ( 1 - i n a n f i y s o n ) , a 3 2 0 3 3 4 3 a . . . 1 & r h a m m a n f.iIy: sao3nrl:a5r,.3 + 3 0 ( - 0 , i 8 ) : - 0 ' 1
7)i-qatordaxlyo'q,2-qatordax2yo'q,3'qatordax:Yo'!l,..'|l-qatotdaxrr Yo'Q. x1*x2*x3*1a*;r=J
'r:'rchish:Tenglikningikkala tomoninitagmatag qo'shaniz.
= 6,6
t*tt''tt -_l i.ti1+.:r'2+,3 + )r4+ ,T5t.,..-r.11
I 0 x 1+ 1 0 . x 2+ l 0 x - q+ . . . 1 0 ; 111= x 2 1 x 3+ x a+ . t 5 i . . . - r , i = 1
'
I0 (x1+ x21- xs +-..-v11 ) = $( x 1= 6 $ - l = J $
x1 * tc2* x3 * x4+..;r11 = 6,6 2,3,4,5- tengliklamihamtagma- tag aytramiz
bun d an I - ten glikn ita grrlr - tagay ramiz x 2 = 4 , 6 x 3 = 3 , 6x q = 2 , 5x 5 = \ 6

. 5 = 3,6.5 =lB
?= 116,;t,s J: 18

8) 25 ta ketma-ketnatulalsonningyig'indisi I000 ga tengbo'lsa,bu soniamingengkichiginechaga

teng.
-.--;i'r.,,.:
, t+4
i;-+:i-i-1,.r-i:-!....r-.1'i:lQlC 15= 1C03 ?:':'l-24=80,-v=J,l
t

{i Ct'zidanoldingibarchanaturalsonla!yig'indisining0,1qismigatengbo'lg4nsonnitoping.
Y e , j t r i s l(r1: + 2 + 3 + . . . + . v - l ) ' 0 , 1 =s; * ' = L 7 . ( r - 4 = =x, x-l=20, J: x=21
,L'1x-4.01
lfl) (1);{2,3,4);(5,6,7,8,9); ( 10,1l,i2,l3,l 4,15,16J;... ushbuketma-ketlikning1O-qismidagi sonlzuyig'indisinitoping.
i,ier;lrislr: Qavslarichil2,22,32,42bilanh-rgayapti.g-qavsichi92:81 bilantugaydivai0-qavs ichiS2bilanboshlanib, 102=1fJObi1an

nigayrli.82+83+84+...+100='S,n=!?400.E=1729 i:itr'7r.].i::i.5.11 r'.:.i5'**.itT',fiiii(ii:L

r1! 4r +83+...+l6Ot? yr:chis1:l 43.13+41.21+43.3t+..,+41'252- 41113+23+33+...+253).Qavsichidal0 ta qo'shiluvchi bor. 1-sibirga

yig'indisi:
teng,dastlabkiikkitasi l+8:9, dastlabki yig'indisi:
uchtasi l+8+27=36, yig'indisi:
to'fttasi l+8+2'7+54:100 va hokazo.Biz
kerakdastlabki25 ta hadi
topishirniz yig'indisini.
Endi shunday formula (ifoda)
tuzishimiz kerakki,
undagi o'zgaruvchi o'rnigaI l
I
g
qo'ygandaI hosilbo'lsin,2 qo'yganda hosilbo'lsin,3 qo'yganda36 hosilbo'lsin,4 qo'yganda 100 hosilbo'lsin va hokazo. I
i
rt'(z+1):2Bundagi
i;9;36;100;...Dernakbusonlarl,3,6,l0,l5,...lamingkvadratlari.Buketma-ketiikuchunhamfonnulatuzamiz.

n n i n g o ' r n i g a1 , 2 , 3 , . . . s o n l a r i n i q o ' y s a k , n a t i j a l , 3 , 6 , l 0 , . . . c h i q a d i . D e m a k , q ayvi gs 'i icnhdi d

/ .

i uacghi u n f o r m u l a
tIrry')
^ \ l

efun"
1
n n i n g o ' m i g 1a , 2 , 3 , . . . s o n l a r i n i q o ' y s a k , n a t i j a l , 9 , 3 6 , 1 0 0 ,t.=. .fc h i' q
( la- -dt iz. j : t l ) ' = r ' ' 2 5 2 ' 1 3 2 = Q 6 0 0 ) 2 = 6 7 6 0 0 0 0

..35351sonlarketma-ketligishundayxususiyatga
1,2\1.,5,22,43,71,. arifmetik
egaki,2ta qo'shnihadlariningayirmasi7,14,21,28,,..
gatenS.
progressiyanitashkiletadi.Berilganketma-ketiikningnechanchihadi3535l

+99899.01
4.65.61
 ',7.3+1=22,
Yechish:7.0+l:1, 7'1r1=8, 7.6+l=4_1,7.10+l:71,...7.5050+1:35351.Endl 0,1,3,6,10,...5050ketma-ketlikda
50-50soninechanchio'rinda turganinitopishimizkerak.YuqoridagiI 1-misolgao'xshaba'zimizdanformulatuzamiz(Unutntangheclt
t+ldaginningohiga
birfonru.ilao'zidan-o'zipaydabo'lmagan,rilarnikfinlarcliro'ylabtopgan). I,2,3,...sonlariniqo'ysak,

chiqadi."'Q!-D =toto,
natja 0,1,3,6,/0,... n2-n-lAl00=0, n;-100, nf l0l. J: n=101.

yig'indiningharbir hadidagi2-ko'paynrvchi
13) 1.4+2'B+3'12+...+20'80 bittadankamaytirilsa,
bu yig'indi qanchaga
kamayadi.
-_ 1J4j *+16
i i * +i i 36
* 6+0@-r
* . . . i..1600
i80 -
tagna tagayinak I + ?o
1.3+2+
. V3 .11+ . . . + 2 0 .97 1 r t + 3 +4 + . . . + z a s : o = j = ' 2 0 = 2 1 0 J :2 1 0

at las
progressiyada
14)Agararifrnetik roping. a= :
o'ntahadiyig'indisini
oo'rrudastlabki
I:i:?i.':l==!,
2a3+ar:24, a7=8, ar:8-2d, (8-2d)2+(8-2d+d)2+92=93, 64-32d+4d2+64-l6d+d2+64-93:0, 5d2-48d+99:0,

t,o=etE.10=155
a1.7:2:-5.2 t,o=t?E 'ft:245 J: 155yoki 245

15) 1.4+2'7+3'10+...+10'3 1 yig'indinihisoblang. Bu ketma-ketlikning

hadlariuehunn'(3n+1/, yig'indisiuchun n'1'n*f' formula
. u n d an = 1 0 , $ , 6 = l Q ' ( l Q + 1=)122 1 0 . J : 1 2 1 A
o ' r i n l iB
16)1234567891011121314... ketina-ketlikda96-203-500-2005-19504-20032004-o'rinlardaqaysiraqamturibdi.
llechish:1 dan9 gacha9tason9taraqambor,10dan99gacha(99-10+l)=90 tasonl80taraqambor;100dan999gacha
(999-100+1)=900ta-son)-700ta raoambor;". . Xulosa:1 dan999gaeha9+180+2700:2889 ta raoarnqatnasharekan
9.1+90.2+900.3+9 000.4+90 000'5+900 000'6+...; 9+180+2
70Q+36 000+450 000+5 400 000+...
l. 96-9=87, 87:2:43(lqoldiq)9+43=52( Bu 94- va 95-o'rinlarda 52 sonining5 va2raqamlarituribdidegani).1 qoldiqqolgani
uchun96-o'rinda53 ning 5 raqamibo'ladi. ,/.'5
IL 203-(9+180)=14,14:34(2) 99+4:103(103dagi 1;0;3raqamlari199-200-201-o'rinlardagi raqamlar).2 qoldiqqolganiuchun
104ning 0 raqaminiolamiz.I:0 (14 -) bu 99 dankeyin yanaL4taraqambor degani.l00101 102 10310.bu sonlar3 xonali
bo'lganiuchunl4 ni 3 ga bo'lganmiz.) Ii,,.')i.r'c;r:rt:"t-!)ii:l$!J.i).i1rii;.';:)
ilI. 500{9+180)=31 I 311:l:103(2) 99+103:?02 2 qoldiqqolganiuchun203ning0 raqaminialanr'iz.
f:0
IV. 2005-(9+180)-1816 1816:l:605(1) 99+605=7Q4I qoldiqqolganiuchun705ning7 raqaminiolamiz.J:7
V,19504-(9+180+2700)=6615 6615:!71653(3)999+1653:26523qoldiqqolganiuchun2653ning5raqamin!olamiz.J.'5
W.20 032004-(9+180+2700+36 000+450000+5400 000)-14 143115: Z:2 020445(0). 99 999+2A20445--2020 444
0 qoldiq qolganiuchun 2 020 444ning oxirgi 4 raqaminiolamiz.J:4
17) 1 danboshlabnaturalsonlartarlibbilanyozildi.Bu yozuvbarcharaqamlarisoni61539ta bo'llan sonhosilbo'lgach,to'xtatilgan.
Hosilbo'lgansonningoxiridaqandayraqamyozilgan?61539-(9+180+2700+36000)=22650 22650:l:4530(0)
99999+4530=104529. 0 qoldiq qolgani uchun I 04529ning oxirgi 9 raqamini
olamiz. J: 9

l8\1,2,2,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,5...ketma-ketlikning2018-o'rnidaqaysisoniuribdi? Ye{.:liish:
1+2+3+4+...+n+k:20tr8. Bundaf n+1
! * f 3 -el=ZO]A
i rLa8d=i .l + n ' n n 2 + n - 4 0 3 6 = Q r x t E - 6 4 , 0 3n 2 = 6 3 p 3
s o n i d a n n e c h t a s i n i o l i s h k e r a k l i g i n i b i l2dO
.tr:64
Demak,ketma-ketiikning20l7va20l8-o'rinlarida64sonituradi.
l+-2+3+4+...+63+2=2018
lg| 1,2,2,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,5... ketma-ketlikning 1996-o'rnida qaysisontulibdi? Ytci:isli:1+2-13+4+...+r+k:2018. Bunda/r n+1
l * ; " . , t , l * 1 6 2'62=tO5J
s o n i d a n n e c h t a s i n i o l i s h k e r a k l i g i n i b i l 9d 9i r6a=d i . n2+n-3992=0, nt*-63(i n2=62,6
J: 63
lggHlg53:43. 1,2,2,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,5,5...62,63,63,63,...61

43 ta
umumiyhadi: u,,=t.ti+n,n3-tn=1010,n:10.
ketma-ketlikning
Yer;trich:
20)2+10+30+68+...+1010=? a;t a2* al+...ato=S'

tr03+1 i (_.p+1+2+J+...+r
0=13+23+33-r...
s=13+t+zit-z+33+3+... o: -, ,' (tn r) = * 10'(,-0
o,) - 3,,8r.,
[:-!r!rJ' t!+4)'
tbrmulauchunyirqoridagi11-misolgaqarang.

I +!q3519! 4 . f 5{ 1
 -s$sry{ffTlsif
r sffi#$sf}"A.
1, $eometrifipragressi3a ve itning ma"4yaji.
2, $eametri{progressiSarti.ng:turlai. "i
3. n-fradformufasi.
4. CIastkfiftjn.ta fta{ifig'indisi,
5. iXbssafad,
6" n-fradniyig'infiorqafitopisL
7" Cfr.eEgUfomayuvcfiigeametrifrprogressi3a.

E.Ketma-ketlikning
l-hadidan tl va t I dantroshqa
boshlab bir xil songa
ko'pa1'tiriehdan
keyingihadlarhosiibo'lishiga
geometrikprogressiyadeyiladi.fr{: l, 3, 9,27,...('3} -4, 8, -16, 32,...(q: -2)
Geometrikprogressiyaniirg
hadlarib1bz b: b+.., b,,-1b,, bunda b1* 0, q + 0 va t I
Geometrikprogressiyaning
hadlarigako'payibboradigansongeometrikprogressiyaningmaxraji bo'lib, uni keyingilradnioldingi
f-b" I b, bK h"
l r a d e a b o ' l it bo D a m i zl o. = * l y o k i a =:L=+=-iz-
l- Dn-tl' q Ds 4t
3. Geometrikorog.r*Iffi *!ig,,{gt}i$,ri.fis ii1
&rlari: 11.$?*e.ir1r9
a) ishorasio'zgarmas- bundaharnrna hadlariyo musbatyo manfiybo'ladi. frl:2,6,18,54,...-1, -5, -25, -125,...
b) ishorasio'zgainvchi- bundahadlarishorasialmashibboradi.-2, 4, -8, 16, -32,...
c) o'suvchi- 2,6,18,54,... d) karnayuvchi - -3, -6, -12,--24,48,...
-
3. n-hadnil-hadorqalitopishformulas; [U-Uto'-l yoki b,=br.q"-k b7=b,,q6:60.0]b,s=b:.ql2
Mt4,12,36,...ushbuketma-ketlikninglg2gatenghadiningnomednitoping. e=12/4=3, 19243nt,81=3*1, 4=n-1,n=5
f i : b a = 9 b, o = 4 b o ' l s ba 1, = ? ,b r = l
b F b a ' 9 z , 4 = 9 ' q 2s, = t + , bs=b+q=9.(r+)=16, bc=4q3,4 =9:(r+)=r+
M:Nechanchihadidanboshlab-8;4;1;...geornetrikprogressiyahadlariningabsolyutqiymati0,00ldankichikbo'ladi?
lb"l<0,001
n- l> 12,8n>13.8Jbr 3l> 0,00t> lbr 4l>lb ts
J :n=14
f s . f - j l "- ' l . o.o o r,ft*'.# -, tl l " -,.{ t,.t, Pl br 6l ...

progressiyaning
4.Geometrik ntahadiyig'indisini
dastlabki topish
formular,' ,ou, F+l
[r, ffi
fi: b1=3 br2l87 ishorasio'zgaruvchiG.P.ningmaxrajiva dastlabki5 ta hadyrg-.dirt,ti ap*g. br:;,.d' :2lst 2187=3.q6
q6=7zs q=-3 tr=4?:3
q=t 3 ishorasio,zgaruvchideflganiuchun f?1iU =t'ET, :trt

b3:0,024
iv'|: 53:0,504 =ry#=:;.#+,
q:? bt=br.n,,ur=F, ,r=Aa\A, 0,504
bo'lsa,b1=?,
, r =u ' * ; ! * t ,N q -zq - t = o .n , = i ,s r = - + ,4 = f f i = 0 J 8 a ,a = f f i = o , a
5" Geometrikprogressiyaning
asosiyxossalari:
a)G.P.daixtryorryhaciningrvaih'atroziciantenguzoqlashganikkitaliadnrrlgko'paytrlasigat"ng. i'1. bJ=li:i:6
liti=b,-o.it,,*tl
b) G.P.daikkitahadningko'paytmasiboshqaikkita hadningko'paytmasiga tengbo'lishiuchunularningindekslari yig'indisi
tengbo'lishi kerak,n*m:x+y bo'isa, br'b^ = fir'b, bo'lad| tt'|, 4 . 4 = bs. bo t.,r,'t",r1Lli'-i
+$9ll!itr.'.::lti.u$.*lJ

6" n-hadniyigiindiorqaiitopish.F,:s,-s^;l j,r:S,o-S'r; bz:Sz-So; So-Ss=be Sna2-S61:bne2

_I
funksiya
n-iradko'rsatkiqhli ko'iinishidabo'ladi. lb,=a'q" | (birorbil son yoki
qo'shilmasiigi a5'rilmasligi +4 brr
kerak,b'=3"(0,5)n
geometrikprogressiyaning n-hadinitopishformulasibo'lolmaydi.) M, l) b"=3'2" b,=l'lr=6, b2:f'22=12, b3=f')3=24,...
yozing.q=-2, b":a'(-2)i b1=_S,$:a'1-2)t,=i,
2)-0,5;l;-2;...geometrikprog.ningnJradiningfonrrulasini J; bu=ir-r',

s=Fl;1) bo'lishikerak.Fl: 8,4,2, 1,Y2,t/a,...q=0,5

?. Cheksizkamayuvchigeometrikprogressiyada
biror hadinitopingdesab"=bi'q"-tfoTula bilan,nechtadir
cheksizkamayuvchigeometrikprogressiyaning
Misol yechayotganda,

hadiniyig'indisinitopingdesa,!n= formulabilan,barchahadlariyig'indisinitopinga*" =
i fo.rnutabilantopamiz.
ry? ls fr
r?
b?
iL
hadlarikvadratlariyig'indisi, S=
ESLATS[;{: Cheksizkamayuvchigeometrikprogressiya , hadlarikublariyig'indisi:S=
h
formulabilan topiladi.
lvi:Birinchihadi 514va maxa'aji-0,8 ga tengbo'lgancheksizkamay'uvchi
G.P,ningyettinchihadini,dastlabki4 ta hadiyig'indisiniva

u,=ff-$'=(1', 5o:E k.QQi-4=#+=#,

barchahadrariyig'indisinitoping. s=ffi =E=H
 dastlabkito'rtta hadiga1; 1; 4; 13 sonlariniqo'shsak,ular arifmetikprogressiyani
f.tisull"r, 1) Agar geometrikprogr.essiyanirng
- hadlari'
tashkiletadi,Geornetdkprogressiyaning maxrajinitoping.b1+1;b2+l; b3+4;b.r+I3 bular arifmetik progressiyaning
( 2tb.*t)=fi+t+br+4 ! zu,q*2=br+bg2^+s , { u , i t ++ ' . - 1 1 1 . = - 2 . I : q = 2
+ 31 4 ' l u , q 1 t +q 2- 2 { i = - 6
l z i i r : - ; i = i ) + i - L ' ^ * t t \ z t . , q* ti = b r f + b 1 q
Agar G'P'ninghadlart
ffi: Geomerrikprogressrya barchahadlariningyig'indisi uning toq nomerlihadlariyig'indisidan3 martako"p'
q=? br+bz+b3+b4+...+b2n 3br+3br+3b5+...-f3bzn-r
- , bi+ b4+b6+'..+b2n:2bi2b:i}bs*"'*2bz*t
sonijufttabo,lsa,
=zi,*ia,qi*zb,q'+. +2b,qzn-z , 6111+q2+ qa+'..+q2n-2)=2b(r+q2+ qn+"'+q'"-2)' bz:2br ' J: q=2
;;;;r;;;il.-..',*6ro'*'
2'1-l; 2'2-l;2'4-l;2'8-1;2']16-1;"'2'2"-l
f v ] :1 ; 3 ; 7 ; 1 5 ;:3. .1. 2 ^ - l k e t m a - k e t l i k n i n g d a s t l a b k i n t a h a d i n i n g y i g ' i n d i s i n i t o p i n g '
-'t=2'(2t1-1)-n
2 . 1 + 2 . 2 + 2 ' 4 + 2 ' 8 + 2 ' 1+ 62 1 . , l - . 1 - 1 ' . - - : 2 ( l + 2 + 4 + 8 + 1 6 + " ' 2=n2) -' 1n' g \ : 1 1 )
+ '.2. ." ----;i;-

qiladiganikkita cheksizkamayuvchigeometrikproeressiyalarberilgan'Ularning
wt: Bir biridanfaqatmaxrajiningishorasibilan farq tuzilgancheksizkamayuvchi
s, ga teng.shu progl.rrlyulu=.danistalganininghadlarikvadratlaridan
yig,indisi mosravishdasr va
lechisir:bi+br+bi+-b4+.:b'+biq+b1q'+'b'q3+"':Sl=--q-' bunrla'q>0'
geometrikprogressiyaningyig'indisinitoping. I-q

br+bu+...=
br+b2-+
: Sz=
b,1-q;3+...
b1+b1(-q)+b1(-q;2+ b*Ou, q'O' r r ' 1 2 =bf i , h b
t-rr:
l
1fu, fi=
-,4q^-r"'='l =#= J1 11
h i + b ] . + b , +j b l + . . . = 4 - t i f ; i 2 ' t 4 , 1 0 J:ilr'iSz

to'p to'xtaguncha
balandlikning2/3qismichaqayib ko'tariladi.9m balanlikdantashlangarr
To,p yuqoridanyergatashlanganda
1r.1:
6m ga ko'tariiadiva jami 9+6=15m o'tadi'
masofani
qanchamasofanibosibo'tadi? 9'J= a to'f bir tushibsakraganda
L
yerdan4m ga ko'tariladi va jami 6+4:10m masofanio'tadi. To'p 3-martatushibsakaganda
6. + = 4 to,p 2-mar1atushibsakr.aganda
J
1 Q R ?0 1 5 -= 1 5 ' 3 = 4 5
J:45m
yerdan4. vajami 4*i =
^ ga ko,tariladi - masofani
m - " * . , f " . i o'tadi. l.5 + 1 0 + 4 * " '...-
o ' t a d il5+lu- = S "-
:
i=I t 3 ,_?

tomonlario'rtalariketma.kettutashtirilib,ungato'g'ri
fv|: yuzasio ,*t bo'lgan,to'g'rito'rtburchakning
ro,rtburchak ichki chizildi.Shutarzdaichma-ichto'g'ri to'rtburchakichki chizishcheksizdavom
toping'
ettiritdi. Hosil bo'lgan barchb to'g'ri to'rtburchaklarning yuzalaii yig'indisini
yeclrish: to'g'ri to'rtburchak tomonlari o'rtalari tutashtirilib ichiga yana to'g'ri to'rtburchak chizish
jr{*r,.-i{)i.}il'$'i1.r,.til,iif''ii,I.
uchun 1-to'rtbgr-chagimiz kvaclratbo'lishi kerak. Shundaunga ichki chizilganlari ham kvadratlar bo'ladi' r:c,:.rc

t"^oni,,[
2-kwadratning Wri'+; tomoni
3-kvadratning ,*'-
l-kvadratning yuzi a bo'lsa, tomoni *

b7a, e:$:a:0'5 t-rt ' . tr:2a

cheksizkamayuvchigeometrikprogressiyabwliia,
Sr+S2+Sr+...? a A

-f99899'.il14,65.61
 t. ffo'rsotfiicfrftfwt$$a rtauningtw'f*ri"
{ifunfi,sfu
J"K-o\rcdt$icfi ..
aninggrafigiaaa;as.tafafi
tenglnnnfarni
.3. \s'rcatfich{i ycfisfi'
4, K-a'rsat rengstz
EicftE yclik fr'
iiftfutn.i.

f " y=s=ka'rinishidagifirnksiyagako'rsatkicErlit-unksiyadeyitadi,Bundac:(0; tr)u, (l;oo) oraliqdabo'lishi kerak.

Asosgako'ra turlari ikki xil ba'ladi:
1) agara{rJ;1} Lrr:'lsa, ko'rsatkjchiifunksiya.Ft: y:tl,J'
karnayn.r'chi
?) agara:(1;co) bc'lsa,o'sut'ehiko'rsatkichlii'unksiya.$1: y:1,3' )oe"
E3i!-.4.Tit5,,q: Bir xil asosliko'rsatkichliifadalamitaqqoslashda ular o'suvchibo'lsadaralasikaftasikattabo'iacii,kamayuvchi
bo'isa
darajasikichigikattabo'ladi. ftt; z,ls< 2,7ts {31q2<$14}
ti$.[,;trTft*rr: (0;I ) oralig'idagisonning rnanfiydarajalariI dankattason,musbatdarajalari(0; 1) oralig'idagisonchiqadi.
( n; o ) oralig'idagisonningmanfiydarajalari(0;1) oralig'idagisonchiqadi,musbatdarajalariI dankattasonchiqadi.
a,3>tr 0,14-2i>1 0,60/<l o,lrl<l z4<7 1,3{'4<l l,oolo,oor>i 4,22>l
;q, 0,7

I.y:2'" firnlaiyaning grafigi va xossalari. 1j.*':.$'1,:i:' -:;,:i',i111;tillriii::ii

ri!
(o;l) 1. ;y=(--ro;o) A.S.
(l;2) II. y=(O;co) Q.S
(-r;1tz) III. Kordinata o'qlali bilan kesishishnuqtasi (0;1)
Q;a) t{.;6=(-co;m)da yt
y.;;=(-o;oo)da y>0
?2;rla)
VL 50 gorizontal assimptota
/ t l

] - l + 1 . funksiyaninggrafigi va xossalari.
(o;l) 1. a"=(-co;o) A.S.
(1;1/2) IL y=(0;oc) Q.S
(-l;21 III. Kordinata o'qlari bilan kesishishnuqtasi (0;l)
{.lL;l/4} 1y. .1= (-oo; oo)da y .L
ti.-2;4) \rr. y = (-oo;co)da y>0
VI. 50 gorizontal assimptota
ll.t:j r*i.rryi.r r,-${it$.?.tlj,ti{i$ gl
y=F--4 awal modulsizchizib,so'ngyo'qiningmanfiyqismini Oxo'qiganisbatansirnmetrikko'chiramiz.

(o;-l) 1. ;g=(--co;o) A.S.

(1;1) II. y = [0;co) Q.S
i- I ;-1,7) III. Kordinatao'qiaribilankesishishnuqtasi- (0;1)va (log2;0)
(.2;7) IV. r=(--<o;log32lda y J , r:[ogr2;oo)da yT
(-2;-1,9) !.;y=(_o;co)da y>l)

l, . ,h-il
' E)'ufunksiyagrafigini chizamiz,
v t t l
v = l : l
r t a I
i'
"= \2)

ya'ni Ox o'qiningmanfiyqisminio'chirib,qolganqismini Oy a'qqanisbatan sirnmetrikko'chiramiz,l1 y = fi tZl'-11 funksiya

grafigini chizamiz,ya'niyuqoridagifunksiyaniI birlik o'ngga"tortamiz". 4) v =(ttz)'-tl +2 fi;nksiyagrafigini chizamiz,ya'ni

yuqoridagitunksiyani2 birlik yuqoriga"ko'taramiz". ,) , = f+l''-'l * j ounauoy o'qiningmanfiyqisminio'chirib,o'chirilgan

D-' I
qisminiOxo'qqanisbatan simmetrikko'chirishimizkerakedi,lekin Oy o'qiningmanfiyqisneiyo'q uchunhechqandayo'zgarish
qilmaymiz.

+99899.014.65,61
 1. y=(--cn;co) A.S ll. y = (2;31Q.S i :' '
III. Kordinatao'qlari bilan kesishishnuqtasi - (0;2,5)
1y. 1=(-m;llda yt, x=[1;m)da yJ y.;=(-o;co)da y>0 VI.]t2gorizontalasslmptota.
3. Ko'rsatkichliifodahechqachonnol[a yoki manfiy songatengbo'lolmaydi. {4: 3r + e 3x + -3, 5-x + o, o}-x+4 + -1.
Ko'rsatkichlitenglamalarniyechishdailoji borichaasoslarinitenglashtirib,asosnitashlabyuborishkerak(1,2,3,4,5-misollar).Asoslar
turlichabollsa,darajalarinitenglashtiribko'rish kerak(6, 7-misollar).Agar asoslarniham,darajalarnihamtenglashtirishning
iloji
bonlmasa, natijanilogarifrnorqali ifodalashkerak(8,9,I O-misollar).

r) 5x:125,5*:53, x=3.
{v'}: zl (2f,)-"-*"'=r =(r+)', -x2-2x+3=0, rr =-3, xz=1.
?+)*'-'*t
3') 0J, 2sr r ' s = 5 . 0 n 4 . r , 5 - x - o . 5r s i = s . s - z ' , 5 - x - r= 5 r - 2 x , - x - l = t - 2 t x:2.

/ - \ ;
-
".GJ
14 : zJ**r zo.l zt-tol" : 2 J , * r , o * t - S : , 1 ; n " x-4:4Jx+1
t J
x'-8x+16:16x+16, x'-24x:0, x1=0 .0 tr; xr=24.
5) 3.4'+27.i"=6.4**r-0,5.9**r 3'4"+27.9*-6'4.4"4,s.9" 31,5.9"=21'4*
l: 9* 31,5:Zl.(419)^ (419)^=31512t0:6j/42
(213)2":312,(28)2\(2Brt, 2x:-t, x:--0,5.
- . " . . . 1 I . r . -a , - . : _ ? |
'U )- =J' , l.j (Ts-ijr-- =1, (iS )'-. : (:lt"
- l - t - . - I
,?'-=:J x-2:i, x=2.

7) lx-3:33x-r, 7*-'=(3')*-' , 7"-t :27'-3rliz7"-3 :t , <Lr;.-u : rJ-r)r, x-3:0, x=3.

$1,-t
8) 5-:125, x=3. Demah 3=x=log5l25,53=125. 9) logAg:2,72:49. l0) log$ =+,
t0) 3*=8, x:tog8. ,*=
rf
S$LATib'Ei{:Ko'rsatkichlitenglamava tengsizliklarningdarajasiga qarabsoddalashtirib yechishningikki xit usulibor:
l) darajadagio'zgaruvchiningkoeffitsiyentlaribir xil bo'lsa,kichik darajalisiniqavsdantashqarigachiqaribolamiz(1,2-misol).
2) agar darajakoeffitsiyentlaribir-biridanikki martagafarq qilsa,kichigini biror o'zgaruvchibilan belgilabolib, kvadrattenglamaga
keltiribyechamiz. (3,4,5,6,7,8-misol)
lvft l) 2**r+2*-r+2"*2=26,2*-t(22+L+231=26, 2*-1.13:26, 2*-1=2, x-l=1, x:2.
2)32"1'32*-t132*-2:1, 3'*-'13'-2.3'-2.11:1, 32*-2:1, 32x-2=30, 2x-2:0, x:l. +ggg$t.$l$$*.g
F.$"r.*#u.-?
3)22*"t+2"*2;1,6,
2.22x+4.2*--16,
2*:a, /q2+4a-16:0, a1,2=4;Z 2*:2, x=l; 2*=4, x=6
r x x x
rr /r\x /rr*
z1z1
4)4.3'-s2,=s l:zx,--r(+)'={+)t, (+)t=a, 4-eaz
=5a,o,t=r;t (tr)t.", =
[+)t f,. x=+.
-5,2*t+JE =6
fl ax+"[xz-z -5.2,*J7-2.2-6
24x+J7--21 2,*,[7a =o, a2-?,5a-6=e a\z=-1,5 va 4.
2'*J.*'-z- 4 ,*,!rr2 =2, ,Pj =z-x x2 -z=x2 -4x+4, re1.5 2t*JE = -15 x : b

,
6)2.4.-3.r0*r.25*=01.52^
#-3 T-t ,(+)" -r.(2r)'-r=o (+)"=,, taz-3a-5=0,
#=,
(Z\* /r\*
a p =Si ; - r = 5t x = - r , =-' 6
a
6 lij
7)32*o4+4s'6n-s.22^*2=0,
Bt.32n+45.2^.3"-s'4.22*=0lz2o ar (1r)z'*+s.(fl''-ro=0,
W.A$Z-Wff=A
( + l = " , Bt.a 2 +4 5 .a -3e6.a
=0z+5 ae= !u;- t ( +) -=+
, .a- 4=0. ( *) " =- ' d
.x=- 2.
8 ) 5 x ? +-r5 t - x =
224 s's* -$=24 5.sz*t -s=24.5x7 5 x 2= a saz-24a-5=0 a,=J, 6r=-!:-g,2

5x2 = 5l , x'z-*\ Jr.z: tl 5x' = -02 = bo'sh to'plam.

g) 5.3?x-i-g1-4,s=9x =3L.+4.3r"*, 4.37a-t= 3r*+4.3t'*2,
+492x+2, 532x-t-32a-t :32" -t36.J2" 1f _ I _:e1'.:r, = O
" {r\13}.32"
32u=0, x= 0 Bu tenglamayechrmgaegaemas.
''.13.3r-z'r=_4r
-i
r u J t 4 .-r6 . 32s=4
n^,f3;,nr , f,r:(;l:\
- r=, 0 i 1 2 z r - =Z "1#_A==fl T.,::!r-t ,&==r{f,
y=lo&*

uchunasos.nibiigalenglashtirarniz.Z)Harqandavsonningnolinchidarajasibirgatengbo'lganiuchun,iXarajaninclgatenglashtit
'" , ,l I I t
dlisul: c"=2, +8*:64bo"lsa,nni.rcrqali =zi, 3:2i, =2a'
12+'3Y' 3x =26'4x, 42i7'=2a-+2,
ifodalang. F'li
 =u-*, ro=# [i.i]rr: +fittiu-q,i:]T?i.6i.\.iij
I

14, ffi432- 2*, G+Ae- 2x" =2x,

5421e 26'2te- 2x, x=6'21&, x - 3'219

tengsiziiklarri
4, crcciyko'rsatkichli e'tiborqilishkerak:
yechayotganne,irSagilarga
helgi qarama-qar"shisigaalntashadl;
1i agar asgs {0;I} oraliqda ba'lib, ascsni tashidr;1rrtrrarsa.ie, fi.tl-l'l:.':e-'Et'+S;+7!t$.i.{ilIi*tjl
2'1agarasos {l:oo} oraliqda bo'iib, asc,snif*s}rl*h y;borsali, helgi o'zgal'maydi.

l) 42'<16, 42"<42, 2x<2., =<i

Ko'rsatkichli tengsiztiklarko'paytuvchilargaajralsaajratib, doim rnusbatyoki manfiy bo'ladiganqavslarnitashlabluborib belgiga

c'tih+r
! rruvl cilnniz fi:,-,s ichini a6!s2 1r-r!26{iladisan
*'D-__ sc'nlarni
_ -_"*'-_ sotrlar n'nida
1__'_
heloila,vpiz,
- -_e_-_ i5horalar chizig'ini a'tkazamiz, agar aso$ c"surtchi
Y.rsra&

bo'lsa,yuqoriqismlarga "+" qo'yamiz;agarasoskamayuvcl,i bo'lsa,pastkiqismlarga"+"'qo'Yamiz;tengsizlik qarah

belgisiga
keraklioraliqnijavob (Iloji borichaasosnio'suvchiqilibvechish
qilib yozamiz. kerak')
/. - \ /... \
2si {f+')' * o:
ll [ [] l' - t'-- . - t;= o Harhir qavsichinjnolgaaylantiradigan
--Jl.(s-z' ildizlarnitoparniz:
(-t
" lf.sJ I {\5/ /-
ichi: 5-zo=50 x::0 Jt-3
l-qavsichi: 5" :125 xr= -3; 2-qavsichi: 5-"=0,2 x2:1; 3-qarrs 0"-3"/i
Tengsizlikbeigisi 3 bo'lganligi uchunmanfiy oraliqni yechim qiiib yozamiz. 1; 1=[-];01 u [ ; co)

4) (3t*-3X3"-4X3"-+ )(3*-1X3",1#1)<0 Har bir qar,,s ildizlarnitopamiz.

ichini nolgaaylantiradigan
I
31-":3,xl=0;3"_4=0,3'=4,xz:|oEl4=12;3-'_3-l:0,xs=-1;3-,-l=0,xe:0w
-l- logr4
l- va 4-qavslarichi ildizlaribir xil: nol, strelkaqo'yarniz.S-qavsichi doimmusbat,tashlabyuboramiz. 0-
;; y=(_l;0) r-r (0; log4)
5)lz.L:!|-411>?7,L{E=o, 1 2 a - a 2 - 2 7 > 0 , a 2 - 1 2 a + 2 7 3 0 ,a ; 3 , a 2 : 9 , ( L : / 1 - s X 1 9 3 - 9 ) < 0

t* =2,{=u *,=tt t*=x }=z *r=i r:x=[0,25;0,5]

I I 3 * ' l - l - 3 1 - l < 0s. u ' -<"0' s u r a t nvia m a x r a j n i n o l g a a y l a n t i l ' a d i g a n s ot onpl aarmn i z .
6) <1fr' 3'ii.=9,,
3"+5 (3\5(3..r-l) f3*+g13**r-l) -
-1 I J'x=(-1;ll
2 . 3 * - 6 = 0 ,x r = I . 3 * + 5 + 0 b u i f o d a d o i m m u s b a 3t -* * l - l = 0 , x z = - l .
lj"{*}Y*al.*c -t-,s"isss$.{t1*#[r.(i]
Asosdaham darajadaharno'zgaruvchiqatnashgan tengsizliklarquyidagichayechiladi:l) asosnikamayuvchideb (0;l) oraliqqa
tenglashtirib yechamiz;2) asosnio'suvchideb (r ;* ) oraliqqatenglashtirib olamiz.
yechamiz.3) yechimlarbirlashmasini

M:(x-f)x2-6.v+sv1 x=(z;3)
; {.,I_tu,.9'lo[{i=[3;il
>@-2)o
0'-2),y2-6.r+8
LF-z;lt:l L{.'.;1';9+x=(4*) F=t?";l v;v=(2'3)u(4;m)
[f l*Fto;U [Jx=1-t;o1u1o;l;
llx=(-o;-l)u(2;co) r, x=(ri2)
H:r'! \r
M.1..1"-'-z.t l1x2-x-z>o I,,:at!,
Iilti;':;2, Li;=fi"r;"u(i;cr;
'
l -",J , r 2 - a x + a = 1 0 ; t ; fxz-8x+8>o
' o-
ff: (xr -&r+ E)''-o,z
<t I ll:ot- 8 x + 8 = ( l ; c o ) l . ] . x 2 - 8 . r + 8 < t r
ltt )rz >0
l:r-0,2
l" [*-O2 < 0
'tf--#:t'' Jx< Lx
lx <ul
>7 r=(-co;02) [" == trr;+-.,fDv4++.6-;7) J; )s- (-cn; 0,2) u ( t ;4- rf8)u.r1+* rfa;7)
lx (-co;Q2)

ll
 L#4AR{Ffo{. ftw#&ffi
J*t yr 3'P $; lina itr"rlEr

1.
2.
3.
Logadfmf*sfra.ffiati'vafoganfrn.
Logarifmiffin1Siya,uninggrafigi aaXassatdi.
t agarifmfarmufafari"
lt
\gf/
,t7
i
i \F^ ,ffi 'rFd/
ffi l t *i Jr
\/ii\,

f tgnx f$x Y* T . , 5 S'!tl

4. Lagarif'rnningisfroras.
5.
6,
7.
8.
Logarfnifi,sonfamitaqqos{asfr.
f.ogarifrni{tengfamakrni

Qotensrtasframafi.
yctiish.
Logarifmi{tengiz fi{krni jtecfik fi.
fiie\&-ww
.g*=i.a[
5;-x priXcA,g-+l ,l:r]nlo]

3 " Ko'rsatkrchli fluiksiyadan daiajani topish arnaliga logarifinlash deyiladi. a-'=b x=logob 3*=5 x=1og35
6 sonining d asosgako'ra logarifrni deb shunday c soniga aytiladiki, log,b:c bo'lsa a': & bo'ladi. Bunda a - logarifmning asosi,
6 - l o g a r i f i n n i r r g a g u m e n t i " i ' - l o g a r i f m n i n g q i y m a t i , o = ( 0 : l ) ' : { ! : . c ) , b : ( 0 ; o ) o r a i i q d a b o ' l i s h i k e l a k .c e R b o ' l i s h i m u m k i n
fi: 1) logjx=2 32:x 9=x 2) log2x=-4 2a:x x:l/15 3)log149:2, 72=49
2. y=logox ko'rinishidagifunksiyagalogarifmik funksiya deyiladi.5logo.v funksiya5a'funksiyaga teskarifunksiyadir.
i-oganfmikir.rni<srya
asosgako'ra i xil bo'ladr;
l) a=(0;l)bo'lsa,kamayuvchi yJ 14' y = logs2x, y =logr"*

2)a-(1; co)bo'[sa,
o'suvchi;rt logarifmikfunksiyabo'ladi.
{v]:y:lnx, ),=logJrx
1 - m i s o)t=logzx
l funksiya,uning grafigi va xossalari:
(l;o) l. 1=(0;co) A.S.
(2;r) IL y=(-co;m) Q.S
(tt2;1) ItrI.Kordinata o'qlari bilan kesishishnugtasi (1;0)
(4;2) IV. .r= (0;m) da y t
(114:2'S Y. ; = (0;l) da y<0, ;r = (1;co)da y>0
VI. x=0 vertikal assimptota

2-misol y=lo9t x funksiya,uninggrafigiva xossalari:

'2
(l ;o) L;=(0;:r) A.S.
(ll2;1) II. y=(-m;oo) Q.S
(2;-I) III. Kordinata o'qlari bilan kesishishnuqtasi (1;0)
(rt4;2; IV. .r=(0;co)da yJ
&;-2) Y. .1= (0;1)da y>0, -1= (l; m) da y<0
V{. x:0 vertikal assimptota

3-misol v:llog172(x+2)-21Yuqoridagifunksiyagrafigini2 birlik chapgava2 birlik pastgaparallelko'chiramiz,So'ngra

to'taligichamcidulgaoiingandagi
qoidalarniqo'llaymiz.( Yoki x ga sonberibfi.tnksiyanimcrdulsiz
holdachlzamizda, so'ngra
to'laligicharnodulgaolingandagi
qoidalarniqo'llaymiz.)

(tt;-3) I. r = (_2;"t A.S.

(2;4) ii. y : [0; ccl Q.S
r- 1 ' - ? \ IIL Kordinata o'qlaiihilankesishish nuqtasi- (0;3)va (-i,75;0)
(-1,5;-x) IV. x = y.J. --l-1,75;
co)da )r'l
{-cn;-1,751da , x
V " x = { , _ 2 ; o o ) d aV > 0
-3 V{. x-2 r'erlikal assiinpl.oia

,l-rnisoX Iyl=logr(-4. Bu ifoda flinksiva.hisoblanmaydi.SaL'abi,bundax ning bitta qiyrnattdi+

jt ning (flinksiyaning)2 ra qiymati
moskeladi- i'1; x-2 tla lyl:iog22, lyl:tr, y: *1 . lyl tengbo'ladidoirarnusbatsonga,slruninguchul iog2(-.r)> O deb-'yechamiz.
1og2(-x)> {og2l, -.r ) l, ;t ( -1 Demak,:r ningo'rniga-1 dankichik scinlarni rlo'yaoiamlz"

-Ftrg8!9.014
(-t;si
/_?. 1\ tr. .a=(-m;0) A.S.
{ii }\
'"i. y: i-co; caj tQ.S
Flaidinaiao'qlaribilankesishisir
1Xtr" - (-!;CI.1
nr.rqtasi

'llogrl, l--tzi
{-rmicn1 ,- ZlDfu ai tashlab1rubo1sak,1-r:2qnladi T-nsarifmnins A .S. i-x'>0" ;;:(-l :1'l

I. .'=(-l;1) A.S.
II. y:(0;ll Q.S
nuqtasi- (0;l)
III. Kordinatao'qlaribilanfl<esishish
IV.x=(-l;0lda yt, s=[0;1)dayJ
V.;r(-l;l) da y>0
VI. x:ll vertikalassimptota

3, Logarifmformulalari;
7.log"a:|. f"'1:log33:7, log,rl, logl*-r1(x-y)=1
, 2. logl=A. {v'i: log5l:0, log*l=0, loguTl=0

I US"A:ffi g: log39: -t=log.,

4'iog4
=, , log., +'ffi =r, bsz32=5
ffi dA=
, los^ b -
a.rcSaD=ffi orrasosdan o'tish. pl: tobt,F=ffi =!,
asosga
boshqa = --2
=bgzo25
+#
nlogb - 6 p,1,6rosr5-5, 3loglx : (31o8:xllog3t:(.T)locarc

lagob"=n'logob M : l o g r J t z s= l o 3 s s 3 =
i 2] . t o g 5 s : 1 . r = r , ioc-,+ =log't-2=-2, ili=loge 25

l logo,b=*rof"b logl 2=log2-:2=-+bg22=-L

yl. 1ogu63=log2o.s3:2logz3:logz9

8 b" =Llogob
logoo, to =
r4, logJt8l = log3o5 3= =S
+1og3 fr
r] ologuc - Mr 31ogz5 =Jlogr3
"log6a
I ll. Iogob*logoc=log" (b'c) fv'l:log5+ 0,51og349= log:(5'?F logr35
log35+1og3490's=
1 1 logob
. - log,,c=logoft:c) -
;'1, lo96,53 logs,56=loge,5(3:6)=1o96,50,5:1, logs3- log55=logs3-l
lo950,6=lo95(3;5)=
1 2 . loglnx : lgx bu- o'nli logarifm I$: Igl00=2, lg2=lg(10:5)=l-lg5
log.x = lnrr,- bu-natural logarifm I4'.et*:x e=2,'71

t 4 " o.fttub =bJloeto i*1,3Jl"et -zJt'l 3 -l=z,[GE] -]{r'sr3 -l=-1.

a- 5 1 5 c
l o g f V l i = l o g 2 -, r1 = + . i . t o * r 2=-i. 2 ) 1 0 3 - r o c , 0 5l o: -'1, s: ,l or yg ,oo=, 2 o o
)
1
tssz24-05togz'72 = loszS+logz!:0{logzt-rlogz2=3+iogC_EQj?logz!)-=-ll=2
r l - - -
z-t'Q+ttosr2) I
iog3t8-]tog3 72 log.q 9+log3 2-|flog39+log38) 2+log3
+
qblr
,.., lg2{.t3),n;=
'E'* = 3.3'lglr .0j.lex=
lg.r3.lg;rr= 6.*os
'o- -- ''-' = ,9,
lgi(x2) lgx?.lgxz.lgy? 2.2.2.193, l6lg3x 16

-t'|z- t' ' u\.' / -,,\oe[6-*,1rogu(.u-*r)

( t i*ffi -1
=[@:l (J2..l)'1roep5-'1roeu(J'*r)
i xJt;-r, =
5) Vt+l) oc66.r ) r osu( f*r ) :r o96( .6+ r )
[F l J
log. a
foydalanamiz,ya'ni
qutqaramiz,2-ish dalajada4-formulaningteskarisidan
Bunda:l-ish, asosni,irratsionallikdan
ffi=togba
3-ishjavobdaS-formuladan
foydalanamrz.
r
t
6 ) l g 2 = a , l g 7 = b b o ' l s a l, o 9 6 . 2 9 8 n i a v a b o r q a l i i f o d a l a n gY, c c h i s h : a v a b n i n g a s o s l a r i l o g l s b o ' l g a n i u c h u n b e r i l g a n i f o d a n i h a m l 0
*'fAtd1*;t
t asosga
ko'ra =ry#=-
loeo.:e8:ffi
rogarirmlaymiz. = =-# =++
d&
7) lo4s3ni a orqali ifodalang,bwld;aa:1o97545.Yechish:a ni ya'ni,log1545ni shrurdayyoyishkerakki,unda/og53qatnashsin.
Va
biz yoyilmadanlog53ni ajratibolamiz.
l o p " 4 5 =Ess3llosst5
l o s . 9 + l o g s 5 =r,,!fr-:a
_2logs3+l _. a.(log53+2)=2log53+1 log53(a-Z):l-2a r. t^_ a l-2n
a-- a.to{it-ztogtzJi-?a J: log53
to[57s ffi
llsi..{'}"\{ rr,rlogob:c bo'lsa, lo96a= -I to'tadi.

8 ) l o g s , 2 2 7 : ab o ' l s a , l o g r q . r F = r Y e i : h i s h :a : - 3 l o g s 1 1og53:$, log35=3, ?=loSl6rft-=loett,8=loe:(9.0i)=

= 2-loet:. = 2-:3
= (og39+1og30,2) = PP

4. Logarifmningishorasi;
1) agar logarifmning asosiva atgumenti bir vaqtning o'zida birdan katta yoki birdan kichik son bo'lsa, ishorasimusbatdir.
f'{: 1o981=4>0, log51,3>0, logs,10,8>0, 1n}0,
2) agar logarifmning asosi va algumentidan bili birdan katta,2-si birdan kichik bo'lsa, natijaning ishorasi manfiydir.
fi: log50,2: -1<0, log50,3<0 lo96,18<0 1n0,2<0, logl_q O,O9< O

5" Agar logarifmning asoslati tengbo'lib, u (0;1) oraliqdabo'lsa, argumentikichigi katta bo'ladi. Agar asos(l ;o ) oraliqdabo'lsa,
argumentikattasikafta bo'ladi. ffi: logs 58> 1o96,59, log6.50,Dloge.50,9 log58< log59, log50,8<log50,9
lo96,50,l>logs,ji00 sababi, bunda l-son musbat, 2-son manhy. ii.1]'i:::1rr',,.'..f
l",i:r::l,ll}.i].iv-t
fii;;.r;'j
Agarlogarifmningargwnentlaritengbo'lib,u(0;1)oraliqdabo'lsa,asosikattasikattabo'ladi.Agarargument(l;oo)
oraliqdab-sa,
asosikichigi katta bo'ladi. fvlr log30,2< Iog5Q,2 1o96,30,2<
1o9.50,2 log-.2>log52, loge,32>logs,5l, ( log100> loge.2l00)
fvl: Ushbusonlarqaysibutunsonlar orasidajoylashgan? l) 1930 2) lnl0 3) Iog6,60,7 4) logs,13
Yechish: Buning uchun logarifm argumentidagi sonni kamaytiraveramiz toki ascsning biror butun darajasi hosil bo'lguncha va yana

oshiraveramiztokiasosningbirorbuftrndarajasihosilbo'lguncha:1929
19281927...lg10:1 , lg31 lg32 1933...19100=2.

l) igl0< /g30</9100 2) 1n7,38<Inl0< 1n20,08 3) logs,60,6<1ogs6D,7<logs.5l 4) Iogn,11</og6,13<,i

cg6,110
l<1930<2 2 < 1 n l 0< 3 1>1ogs,60,7>0 0>1ogs.l3>-1
ez=738 e3" 2008
fv'i: Sonlami kamayishtartibda yozing. l) a=logo31 b:1ogs,67 c:!og6.17 J: a>b>c

2) a:lo92164} b=1og27152h- c:log2715l a-manfryson &-musbarson. r-nol. J: b>c>s

f.''l: a=loq1a3. b=logre3, c:1og154.Sonlami o'sish tartibda yazing. (LB)a=3

1. u=-l a--l da 3 i'
2.3 sont I va 4 orasidabo'lgani u-n & soni (0;-1) orasidabo'ladi. $ x -0,7 !.
3.4 soni 1 va 15 orasidabo'lgani u-n c soni (0;1) orasidabo'ladi. c.0,5
J: acb<c
2-usu1.luqoridagi qoidaga asosan(z va & ning argumentlari teng va {l ; m ) oraliqda. Asosi kichigi katta b>a. 4-rejaga asosans 'ra b
sonlari manfiyc esamusbat. J: acb<c
p]: ln5 va 5le taqqoslang. ur'ecliisli:Bu sonlarni taqqoslashuchun boshqamisol ko'ramizvaundanxulosa chiqaramiz. log"5 va 5/x

Xulosa: ;r ning o'iniga 5 dan katta sonlami qo'ysak, chap tomon katta; Sdan0 gacha sonlaririqo'ysa-k,o'ng tomon katta. Eizning
rnisoldaasosda.r-ning o'rnida e x \ll vabu 5ctankichik. lJemak, tni < J/e

-*.r
- Logarifmiktenglarnalarquyidagichayechiladi :
tr)aniqlanishsohasini hisobgaolishkerak. 2) fenglikningikkalatomoninibil xil asoslilogalifririirsla
kerak.
.lls"'-2:1000, tengiiknir:g
f,l' 0,1'.rlp'.-2:1001'tr{-.} ilckalatomoniniloglsgaXr,c'ralogarifmlaymiz, lc,grarls-'-2=/o"grol000
{tg:-J} log1p,=3 a2^2a-3=ll lgX=3' -1 x1=1000,x2={1,1
2) logaiogtrc,g2r.:1,Jo{alaglag2x:}oga4, loglog2x=4, ]sgilogzx: logj-81. 1og2;,i.=8tr, .,w*$ytt:W$72ut, .$: r:?31
3jtrog1$4)-log1fix+4)=2 XogT(x-4)+1eg/x+41=2 !og1{x2-161=2 a2-1,6=49 x=tJ65 A"5.x=(,};co) "{:"x='ffi
t"eli]Tz:=a
4)tog3x"1og2x=logl*: nog3x'1og2;:4.1c,932
'r-'DJ -
r*r;;;. tos2x=a bgj:;=4 1os2:<=*2rL,z=,I,4I
,

-f!!399 01J ji r,1

\
5) 1og3(2-3-'')<x+X-logr4A.g" 2-3-jr > 0, 2-I > 0', , 3 " ' > 0 J x > l o g 3 l ) , 5 . Iog3{2-:?-'}+tog34-tr
og33'-x

4'(2;3-5) uj 7x =. ) l\ -ri = los, fi1

u,srre#.r, <3", 8-4.3--r<3'3'', 3a2-8a+4 > 0,
3x=2 iz=\aE3T

3.(3'-2l3i{3"-2)>0
1o90,5 log32/3 lagp J: x:r{ !og30,5;log:2/3} '.-l (logsZ;o)

kvadratigaajratibiopamiz.
6) f(x)=l6gr1*z-6x+36)funksiyaningengkichik qiymatinitairing.x2-6x+3tining Q.S.riiikki hadnir.rg
(x-1)2+Zl=lZ7;a1 Logl?7;a) --+logj27 =3, log3co=co. lo1'*ln ;co):[3;co) J :3

J:x=(-2;{liu(0;6)

. t; l..z_.._
[ r z - . r - - 1 >10 o
tunksiyaningA"s.:?
8)5rog"z-.-1(t-r) \2=t=*=-0,6;x,6 { "'"-J;?f
l"t-;llJfr

s1p (-"o;-l)u(Jr*J-slrz
; z)v(z;*)

;'
?. Logarifmiktengsizliklarquyidagichayechiladi: 9.$"**'{*rr +lit';i,1}k1{J't!1iiFj,{:\t
aniqlanish (Bu tengsizlikning
sohasibilanbirgalikdayechiladi.. yechiminialbattaA.S" bilan'kesishtiilsh kerakdegani.)O'suvchi
mumEcin,kamayuvchida tashlab yuborsak heJg.io'zgaradi.Agar asosda o'zgaruvchiqatnashsa,
bo,lsalogarifmlamitashlabyubor.ish
bir madakarnayuvchi deb yechamiz, so'ngrayechirrrlarning birlashmasini olamiz. f4:
bir martao,suvchidebyechamiz,
A.S.x>-3 logs,s(x+3)<logo,r../x+15 x+3>*F+15 x2+6x+9>x+15' (x+6Xx-l)>0
l)log6,5(x+3)<logs,25(x+15) [l.x+3)0da
_>-lgruagnn,t- It x=(t;-) LII'x+3<}daB
,,nWT*
2) log,ffi A.S.H+ > 0 . #;1t
ro to A.Sni yechib
o'tirmaymiz.#+ chunkiA.S.katta
t l ni yechamiz,

h--]#-'-1rO 4rffr.O J:x=(1;2) :*1'

noldan,2-sika6abirdan. Maxlajdoimmusbat,suratniyechsak:

3) (x1-4)'log6,sx>0. (x+2)(x-2)log2x<0 '!'{22 J' x=(1;2)

*/-Ei*#F:*A
utlutiA-foydalanamiz.
Otutlqtui A.S. x>0 0 l:2
-P
log,3g (l;co)=asosbirdankichik, argurnentdoim birdankatta'
4)
'' , :: < 0 Maxraj doim manfiy, sababi log6,2((x+l)2+1)=loge,2
+2x+2)
lo962(.rr
J; (-o;-l)u(-l;0)
Maxrajnitashlabyuboribbelgini almashtiramiz,maxraj*0 deymiz'
log6.2(x2+2x+2)*0,x2+2x+l+0, x+-1 . log(1-2x)>0, l-z

,rro,*-,trt-b)<o
5x-6

1+ lgx + l0- 2lgx- (5- Igx)0+ 19,.0.

. g
7) ., x>0,
A.S. 10-r
+105, (5- lg x)( + lg -r)
#. Gk
 F. q*r +9tj8$?.$-:::

l: x- (o;o,t)u(oo; *)
ro),r(rot;

8) logfr.,x+5logo.rx<-6 A.S. x>0. a2+5a+6S0 arr-3';2 (logs.2x+3)(logs,2x+2)<0

ikkala tomonniham shuasosli

9) 5**3<4 bu turdagitenglamava tengsizliklarniyechishdako'rsatkichliifodaningasosinechchibo'lsa
'log55**3<)og4 (x+3)' log55<log54 x+3< 1og54 x< log54-3
logarifmlashkerak.
^ 1.,, / .
r r . - r - : . - r - .^ , - ^ i : - r ^ - . - ^ . , r : r ^ - r ^ . , r ^ t ^ - ^ * '
I 0) (x - 2 -.v21g, + !r)a loe,= -r".rl - "z\ ( 0 tengsizlihaingbutunyechimlarinitoping.Yechish: oraliqlar usulidanfoydalanamiz.
#)
doim musbattashlabyuboramiz,lekin x1=_1/2eda
l-qavsningichi doim manfiy, tashlabyuborib,belgini o'zgartirarriz.2-qavs
log.,z*2*.'2(t-*)tt
esa,ya'ntikkalatomonham0gatengbo'ladi. 1o81,*s,n1[1-+)tlog1-'*;1zail,
tengsizlikyechimga

a s o sl d a n k a t r a s o n o , s u v c h r , t - L > t , * = o , x z = 0 T e n g s i z l i k x n i n g 2 t a q i y m a t i d a o ' r i n l i , s h u n d a n l t a s i b uJt u: 1nt.a

l1) ./= ,[etV"-ll O*-O-*2) " FunksiyaningA.S. Ye*hish: ildizichini 20deb

gategishlibutunsonlaryig'indisinitoping.

yechamiz.tgl2rc-y'.(Sx-6-"2)>0, tg2Pr-ldoirnmusbattashlabyuboramiz, lekin)0bo'lganiuchun0gatenglashtiramiz.

lslLx-7-L, rdZr-l=0, lfiX-l=tgS ?*'-7 =xL, x1=J, ;" ='{' 5x-6-x2 >Q' 't2-5x+6<0 1=[2;3]
lU-l=t
Logarifmnrng a.S. x=[2;-iiu {4}8a tegtslrhbutunsoniaryrg'rndisiJz 2+i+4:9
A.S.l2x-7f0, x * 3p Funftsryanrng

12)nningqandaybutunqiymatlariday=lg(nx2-lx+l)funksiyaninganiqlanishsohasi (-co;0,25)u(l;o)bo'ladi?
yechishrn| -5y+l>0 debyechsak,1: (-co;0,25)u (1;co)chiqishikeak. Demak, x1:0,25 x2=l. xr+ x2:5/n=l,25, J; n:4
E. Logarifmko'rinishidanko'rsatkichliko'rinishgao'tish potensrlashdeyiladi.Bundalogarifmningasosimuhimahamiyatkasb

etadi. M: log5(x-3)>2, 5log(x-3) ;52 (x-3)>25, x>28. A.s. x-3>0, x>3. Bularni kesishtirsak, J: x>28

p : l o g ( 3 x - 3 ) : 1 , 3 l o g 3 ( 3 x - 3 ) = 3 - l3 x - 3 = 3 - 1 , g*=3*, *=$

: (strelkadankelting;larito'g'rQ
1)1g3G-1= 1929 -+ lg(3G-1)=1929yoki lg30-1=1g30-1g10=lg3
2)logy$x): log24' logrx= Z'log2x + log2(4x)=log24+ log2x=Z+logax
3) lgl00-lg :1, lglQQ+lgx:l -+ lqgarifrnningargumentidags"-"oldingachiqmaydi. 2- ig(-x)=l' l= le(-x), x: -10

los2'(* ,, = log"2+
a) ] log.2+3los2= g-z'({+11= 'tog.z
f

TesKilri 911
s7 16r.
S15iy6

x ni topib, so'ngl bilan o'mini almashtirishkerak.

Beiilganfunksiyagateskarifunksiyanitopishuchunawal funksiyadan
y=+, 2 )y = 6 x # , ) x = 6 x + Zx ( y - 6 ) = 2 , ' = h , y=*
, x = r - e ., = + ,
f v | :r = 3 . v + i 3

p(x-3)2+1, y-l+(x-3)2, I 6{ = x-3 ltfrf = J. shaitga uchun

ko'rax( 3. Shuning
3) px2-6x+i0, (x<3).
minusliginiolamiz. 3-fJ,-l =a I: y=3-Jx-1 F.*'t*"gtw +i:it'i{-1'rl{tS'ilS'fi

$.,$$.,a'3",1.{.,\; f(a):bbo'tsa, f-'(t)=o tengliko'rinli. ,=6*:2, nt=*,

/J(x/tunksiya f(x)turi*rsiyaeatpskaliRrfrii'siyadir.
6 '\F- :D! '+' 2= 5 , T e k : 1 :
) , (- 2 ) = " $T-= -2
J,-r(=
pvf:Agarf(x2+ix+5)=x2+2x+10,bo'lsa,f't195:? .Yechish:wqoridagieslatmagaasosan (a):9. (x2+3x+5):x2+2x+10=9,
x2+2x+l=0,x:I. f(1-3+5):1-2+10, f(3)=9 J; 3
fif]tr.:\'$'l,tA; Teskarifunksiyanianiqlashda:agar x (ya'n;to"zgaruvchi)logarifmningargumentidabo'lsa,tengliknipotensrlash
kerak.Agar ko'rsatkichlifirnksiyaningdarajabidabo'lsa,tengliknilogarifmlashkerak.(pastdagi1-2-3- misollar.)
18 :
ffi: l',tJb)
'
=
\ o $ 6 Q r "+ 3 )
l8

rr'l=ffi; " f{x)'log6(#+3/=ta *'=h'

bs6(f -
"t a3 5f6), x=

=
A.5. toq darajaliildiz ostidaxohlagansonbo'iishi m-n, lekin maxraj *0, shuninguchun x (-co;0)u(0;co)

"014.65.51
 .f rs_-_ - 2) ur (-2; co)
3 l -
; n )u ( n ; c , : ) - 3
18
fi,rnksiyaningQ . S .y = ( 0 ; 1 )t - r( n ; c o ) . {6 " -3r
),: 6; k-ol'satleichli
- r-fuF;- 3.f:rqr 6-{E; co) i --T4
f. =-k, \ w t t a '=
' tterfu, +r=t*et1T, J' = ?- [og7
" t \ /, = J - - y .
*, -4|
v.i4, =A-74x, Taxist+\,t:4

-
lo garifiratin g aigurnen ti > * tian he'lis h i k k
-i=t O, I ={-l;cc). LogarifimingQ.SyeR"
l^!. +
-/i-t)=? "ij,:'-frish':
j-1.2!' iog16e(?,.r-t) 1ag1212 log11v+1:2-r x:(log'4t+1j12 5(log12x+i)/2
3)1g):12t*t bo'lsa, /

ho'lsa, {1-r(3/+ J'-t@ )'f(4't ni hisoblang'

ft,}: Agar fi2)=3,qrt:O "fr.4')--5
inrstil"Yuqoririagicuiailiragaasosanj,-](3,):2"f.]e-3,j-'(s)-+bc'ladi.{2+3)'5:?5J:25F,il},'**"1,1+r.":-;-t}i.}si]ili.ri.iJ$'$iiiii:j
f-t(3)=2, l-'@=3
i l u s r * . z d a l , 3 d a4 , 4 d a S h o s i l b o , l s a , f u n k s i y a n i n g k o , r i n i s h r i 5 x + l b o ' l a d i . B u n g a t e s k a r i f u n k s i y a y t : x - r .
Jz (2+3)'5=25
Teskarifunksiyagrafrklari l=I
Ri]i]l,;tB.'i\9,A; ta,g,fi chiziqqtrnisbatansimmetrikbo'tadi.

ql

1. rtsirti{aykna'

Pr(0;l)

bcsh,cia
li*rtilr-,aia
rrrar.iiaii b'L;;aieng';c'lssbi:"lil:*';'!r"n*Jefi!:ct
ba'lit', i'aJr.uii
i, ,,ryianariirig . - ,,j k),1
P'7(-l:0)\ 1y-l/ e(t;0)
irtikaylanadagiP(l;0)nuqtagaboshlang'ichnuqtadeyiladivabundankeyingibarclraishlarshu
nuqtadanboshlanadi. - 1 , (0;-1)
^
siljitish burish deyiiadi.Burish
bit b,ur.chakfta PJ \
2. Boshlang,ictrnuqtanibirlik aylanabo,yichama,lum
strelkasig;a,
soat>uerA4srEio, Y*""' bo'lsa
qarama-qarshi plyus
-- ^-- F-r - (+) burishdeyiladi' l
strelkasi bo,yichabo,lsa
bo'lsa mlnus (-) burish,
minus (-) Dullsll, su4r Ysq'ru
soat
soat strelkasi bo'yicha Ii
-900, l) Pi(0;1) 2) Pz(-l;0) 3) Ps(O;-l) a) P(l;0) nuqtahosilbo'lad
4)ztr eabursak,
tr*:a) p(t;0 ) nuqtani t) 900, 2) 1800, 3)

3) -900, 4)2n gabursak, l) (2;0) 4 (a;D 3) (0;2) a) (0;-2) nuqtahosilbo'ladi'

b) P{0;-2) nuqta.ni
l-rasrn. P(1;0)nuqtani"+90u"ga bursakP1(0;1)nuqtahosilbo'ladi.
2-rasm.P(I ;0) nuqtani"1800"ga bursak P2(-tr;0) rauqta
hosiibo'ladi.

3-rzsm. P(0;-2)nuqtani"-2700-Ea (-3trl2)bursak Ps(2;0)nuqtahosilbo'tadi.

3, Aylanadagiharbir nuqtagaqandaydirburchakmos keladi.Bu nuqtani3600bursakyanaqaytibshu nuqtanio'zini ifodalaydi.Har
-
bir burchak3600(2rr) da takrorlanganiuchunbu burchakni a,+fum {--a+fum) ko'rinishidayozish mumkin. Bundan aylani

soni va bu butun son. n q /, ri:.*'1:{*ri"ttlji "!"*itt:'}x}{)12i"$5'{{

4 . A y l a n a d a g i T B Usdla" an =: f , . o s o . = 1 , t s q = + = # , ctsT=;=# stnx

y: stnu x = cosa TBU uchun x2+yt:1 ekanliigidan, s t n z a + c o s z a = 1 ,oro = t [*in'o

o,a:a"[l-*Eo M: sinx:0,6 bo'lsa,cosx:? Ytchis?r;cosx:./ 1-sin2x = J 1-036 = C$

y o'qi sinusiaro'qi bo'lib, burchakningqiymati l/ o'qidabelgilanadi. o'qi bo'lib,

.r o'qi icosinuslar
burchakning qiyrnatix o'qida belgitranadi.

Bu 4 ta ishoralaryuqoridan
+ sin,cos,tg va ctg lamingishoralari
4 ta chorakda hisoblagandasinus,kosinus.

quyidagicha:M-n,4-chorakda - sinusnlantiv, i80;540;900 tangensva kotangensgat6 -

kosimts r t !i-hl.i;:I, tangens I riiiit i i o, kotangens rnan tiy gishli.

270;630;990

E.eL"{T$t;\: Qarama-qarshiburchaklarning kosinuslari teng bo'lib, sin, tg va ctg lari qarama-qarshisigateng.

cos(--a) = cosd. sin(--a) = -sin a tg{-d) =- tgd ctg(-ct) = _ctgd

cos(-300;=cos300=.6/z sin(-450):-srnqs|:-Ji l2 tg(-I200)=-tgl20o=--(-tr3):f

-+ '6+"
fv1,quyidagisonlarningishorasinianiqlang.1) sin5100 5100bu II chorak,bu chorakdasinusningqiymatlarimusbat, J:
qiymatlaritnanfiy,oldindagi"-" bilan J: "*" bo'ladi.
2) tg(-8500): -tg8500-+ 8500bu II chorak,bu chorakdatangensning
.sin(-2470).6000bu IV chorakcas.mttsbat; -2470bu soaisfielkasibo'ylabaylansak,II cholakkato'g'ri keladi,bu
3) cos6000
(6+'
chorakdasinusningqiynatlari musbat. Iulttsbat'Musbat : Musbat J'

{1 rad=570)
4)sin4xsin4.5?0*sin2280 J:'o*"
2280br-lllchorak,bunclasiamusbat,

Birlik aylanadabircr burchakkamoskeluvchinuqtadasinusning(kosinusning)qiymatinechaekanliginibilish uchun- shunuqtadan

Oy (Oi)o'qiga perpendikulyarto'g'richiziqetishkerak.Tangens qiymatinechallginibilishuchunshunuqtani

yoki kotangensning
o'tkarib tgyoki ctg o'qi bilan tutashtirishkerak.(quyidagiikki rasmgaqarang')
birlik aylanamarkaziclan

2tr/3 t Oo a/3
UOo

3trl4 4 5 0n l 4

5trl6 1500

n 1800
3600 rb
7 n 1 62 1 3300 tr\nl(t 2100
225"
Srcl4

-t::t9899t
tl !4",5i i 1
L sincu = cos€00 -.2), cosa =sin{900 -6t), ft'i, sin200=cos700, sinl80:cos720, cosi0:sin890

tga = etg!900- a;, ctga = rg(90u- a), J"i: tg30o=ctg6uo, ctg2o:tg88o

1L cosa+cos4g00-a)=q Mr cos200+cos1600:0, 66s,JQ0+cos200+cos300+:1i,+cosl600+cosl700=0.

-,,)=0, i,1' tg300+tg1500=Cl, ctg37o+ctgl430=0.
tga+rg(1800-ci)=0, ctga+cr3(800

5. y=sina va y=cosa funksiyalaminganiqlanishsohasi: A.s. a:i-*;*), Qiymatlarsohasi: Q's' v=[-1;1]'

'i'
= t-8;81
1) ySsin5a A'S.a:(-oo;co), Q'S' 5S' [-l;l]

2) 50,6'cos( - t) A'S.x: (- *;*) , Q S' i= [-0,6;0'6]

+
a = 5a" 5 a = [ - 1 ; l ] , a=t-0,2;0,21.
3) n ning qandayqiymatlaridatenglamayechirngaegabo'ladi: 7' stn
) 2 'l:1.l +ao1bo,lishikerak.
Il. sina=:-, - o==+-=, [ - l ; l ] o r a l i q d a n o lb o r ,I e k i n r n a ' : a Fntidfi;
i=L-, t_r;U

Andi ?ni-t stbo'lamiz, = -z' 2 ni noldan sal oldingi song bo'lamiz, nol kirmaydi,
hisoblaymiz.
;fu1ni f, gj}"ir*#+v -F91)i:.iii:t.'.:,!'i
{l! l,?i
= =ad30-i = 2Ti.q = -O qilib
Bunioraliq yozsak,
[-Z _ *), lekin 1- kichik son yoziladi. (-*;-2 l
#
=*k, - 20q"'0-.o 2nitsebo'larniz,
nndt 2ninoldansalkeyingisonp bo'lamiz'nolkirmaydi'#
ffi"iko'ramiz'
, lekinI - kichiksonvoziladi:
= Z.e*l oraliqqilibyozsak,(co;21 [2; *). Buoraliqlanribirlashtirsak, 1' s = (-r ,;-2]u[2;co)
fr
bundaikkalakasming
doimmusbat,layniy J :a e R
maxrajlari
1s.sina=h. tl vayanaD<0,a>0 laYniY
;f;7=r-t

tcd=** cosa+0
!=rto
y=ctgcr ctga=49 sina*0

t ) . i t s ( z x - f t ) - A . s '2 x - f r * $ + n t z x + T + $ - rn r Q,S. 5(-co;co)

?) ctgx=#, fr=(-*;*), 4-u2*a, a+D 1 1 s = (-a;-2)vt-2;2)u(2;co)

Trigonontetrikfunksiyalanting ba'zi bir qiywatlari'

.0i4.65.61
 1.'\sosiy trigonometrifrajmilatfar.
2. Eurcfiafrkryig'indisiva ayirvnasl
i, Iffikngan Lurcfraffirmukkri.
4. nfarimiurcfta rmufafari.
5. trigonometri{funfrsiyaknti qo'shisfrva ayirish.
6. {ris onometri|funQ"siyakr {o'paltmasi.
7. Kett ukki.
8, cBa'zi6ir alniyattar. i

tr.Asosiytrigonometrik
ayniyatlar:
I . s i n 2 a+ c o * a = l M rs i n 2 5 a + c o # 5 a =
, 1sm2$+co*4=t, sin22+co*2=l

- srnd sihq-/i - sinla

sin+
'Z
rr. tpa
- ft1: /g(x- y) = . -ts3a " =1aL
cosf'/ cosff--1/j COSrd
cosf
- . ' 6 5
1

Ilr.ctga:ffi *,# :ce?s, ctglob=ffi

IY. tga.ctga=l |vl tgTa-ctg7a:l

Y. r+tgza:# vI. 1+ctgza=# m,cos22,s

*.ygfu=cos,2,sa =l
;*s,
WI. seca --#, (o'qilishi-sekansalfa) VIII. coseca=#, (o'qilishi - kosekansalfa) fvl: sec3z=
*#
se' tgx\tactgx lalbir-biriga teskarisonlar. tgx:215bo'lsa,ctgx:S/2bo'Iadi. ctg5a: l/3 bo'ls4 tgfr:3 bo,ladi.

2. Burchaklaryig'indisi va ayirmasi:
I.sin(atF)=snaoosp!ccsasnB =-'sire1o
F1,sinl80.cos400-coslg0.sin40o=sin(lg0-405=sin(-220)

M:sin750,= : sin450.cos300
sin(450+30) =+
+ sin300'cos45' =*
+. + + ;n
! p)= cosaciis/ T sn a sn p M,
Il. cos(a - = cosa .cosft + sn a . srn
"o{- +) ft
ctgq'ctg?Il
II\. ' tt6.;'61=,tgattg?-
o\---rr Iv. ctd,*+ 91=
11ga-ryp ctga+etgp

1 ,c(t.n=ffiffi=
iq,d++f|=2bolsa,cts6= =fffi=r, t+tgp=2-2ts;,
3.tgB=\
tsp=+,d{p=
3. Ikkilanganburchak formulalari (burchakni ikki marta kamaltirish formulalari):
fl
= Ztsola
i{ = 2sina.cosd= .tgq- . 1
I. sin2a- fvlrsin$ =z'*$."osg-- M: sm4.cosa ==Srrj.?-n
| + tgza 5 l0 i0 l+tgzqtu '
'rt
=
sin-r=2sin*'cos* 2te3q
M:
' r t frl: sin6a = 2sin3a.cos3G = T + =^^# =o.t=
Ivl:a.cosftsn$
l+tg2*

ILcos2a=co#s-sin
s=2t-Zsin2e=Zco*s-l = p l : c o s a= c o * t - s m r t = t - Z r - r t = Z c o ;
#* $-l
l v i :c o s 4 a ' - c o ; l ' t , - - s n z , , - i - z t s n 2 - , - . = z c o * ^ : : ' r ' " i i 1 :( c o s r + s i n x ) 2 : c o f x + 2 c o s x s i n x + s i n ? x = i + s i n

4" Yarirn hur*hak fqrmulalari (burcirakni ikki marta oshirish,formutalari); li'.g1r3.r,;.3c

t'*r$jj,i$rr?4€${,t .
,u'bi.$q0u+99899.0i4.65
 iiil,;fM +=.ti**
LTOSG
, ni ',s+=i\/+:*=
Z Y 4 4 r L
-
eiiirnal:i 6isoblanayotgan trigonomefrih fuilksiv*rniz a I i: il'*'cleakda tigadtrsda) inuslrat yoki rnanfiynigiga qarab ildiz oldiga + yrrld
.0 t- ,,,5, ,.-ni 10 a- et1-"" ^^"16q0 4 ^ r"-".
,tla c-rr /(pasldagi
n+c+rlcoi misollarga qa'ang)
m i q n l l n r s r n q l r n q ' I
i; qn,yafnis. sin15f,da""J.', t822,50da""1'"" cos1550

r-----=-
l-n.,13l2
*,i;'ltifso:;@- V z
tbydaianamiz:
ayirmasidan
burcha.l<lar f =+
- si,r300'cos'il
sin450'cos300
sinl5u:sini+50-300): 4-+ I
=
ry
l-------=-
lr l. A-\L " E ' 1-cosZv
,v,r:g220-10'=ig12,50= = = l - = =-----=-=!1-l
l-, 1
Fj:tg-x= l+cos',
Jfi#*+ l l r ,
I z r w
/ r

. .t r l ' * c o s t f - 2 x )= { -n: . r r z ,
fvt;costo-9=\ z
formulalaridanfoydalaniladi'
(yoki yo'qotishda)yarim Lrur-clrak
Darajanipasaytirishda
- I + cos4.r
-
t-jcos'ti
- i-lcos2'I+cos?zt= z = -L-1-ell4:co$t
i4: sirfx=(sin:x)t=(f=Si4)2 I

5. Trigonometrikfunksiyalaryig'indisi va ayirr'nasi:
=z*ry'rorff
I.sinalsin/ +cosp=le^try'"o'ff
II.cosa III'coss-cos
fr=-2*nff'tnff
sin(a - P1
sin(a i
rv. rga x.tgll = -ffis'-;osP)p
av./ ,-D
clsa + ctPE
sin(a+B) V l , c t s a - c t E ^E = - - - - ;
stna . srn D smcr.smp

tE
$ =r*,
\f *"o"
r"r;"o" ;#'.,"#;E :
"ou 4' *' + =''=b +
V' "o'ff =z"o' 1

, \ 4*o*4-o 4*o-4*o
*',{€*"'i*'{f_")=,'^-#."o,3'*_3'""_zsnf'coS{7:.6.o.o'
=3-fs* = - r+:;:i# =
1rJ: ko'paytma
euyidagitami 1) 3-ts2,-
yozins.
ko'rinishida #*
!*4-u 4-4+u
2 . (0J+ cos2a)-
2 sfi*n--unil
' ( s i n $+ +str:\t
2'(slir,i l l - zz'.zsnT
zt^E 7
"rr$
co* a co* a

a'sn({ - a)cosQ- Q _ + snC - ,'snG - (t - d) - a' sin€ - a)'sin6 + a) -T

=#
| + 2cos sinj * 2cosz|-
2) 1+siri.r+ros.v= f|*i"f *-,=
2 c o s f t s ; nj + c o s ] )
2 2 fl =
= z*'ifz$'*i
!t
tr***{.ur{;= t 1 L ^ l ) z

= r.6"n.f {exsLsinL + s;n4aas4): z,lV,o-'}rinrL +L.l

Ji.Trigononretrikfunksiyalarko'paytmasi:
i)'sinor.sinB = 0,5cos(a- B)-o5cos{a + p) 2) cosa . cosB = 0,5cos(a- p) + 0$ cos(a+ B)
.cos40= 05s ao- ao)+oJsurbao * 4o)=025+ 05sin380
3j sina.cosp= 05sin(a-p)+ 0.5sin(a
+ p) f!l: sin340

-.*+}-+co.*+f -r"-ft1=tr*rt-tcosgr+Zr;=-}cose'+f)
f,l,stur(r+{1.sins-{):}.o.6*{
'*^n' ;*-o
t , a

,?. e'tiborqilishkerak:
quyidagilarga
Keltirish formula!ariniishlatayotganda
'?"
(2r')dan kattabo'lsa,shuburchakni3600ga bo'lib ( ?ir,4tr,6n,-.larnitashlaby'uborib), yoki "-" ishorasini
tr. Agar:burchak1,6tJo
:rg(4'3600+600)+g1+e001=
holdaqoldiqnihisoblashkemk. M: 1) sin4050= sin(3600+4501=*in1++S)=
saqlagan f
, 2)tg15000 "/5

= ; , Dsnff = sarix- ri'e? = -] =cos(2'3600-205=cos(-200

, t) cos7000 )=cos200
t) ctsff = ,ts(An+b4) = or{ [)-
il"rllyr*,;)qrrr
+tlt9$i')Jf4ttii.irt
choragiga
nomio'zgarmaydi,lekinishorasini
funksiyaning
IL Kattaburchaklamitoq n lar {n,3r,5n,...)orqalikichraytirayotganda

qarabqo,yishkerak. fv'i: 11cosff= cos(,r+ = -"osf = -+ (2100bu III chorak- bundakosinusningishorasimanfiy)

?
:sin( fu +50)=-si1150
800-100y:-1g1go (5300bu II chorak- bundatangensning
2) tg5300=tg(3.1 ishorasimantiy) 3) sin9050

+99899.014
 ,(9050bu III chorak-: bundasinusningishorasimanfiy);;,,, 4) sin8950=sin(5zr-50) : sin50, (sin8950bundasinusmusbat.).

n- L3)="cie
il "E+ =as('t F'? " *,s t= - ,"nt dc+ =oE(6,* 4z) =orC4): - #
f
II.L Kattaburchaklarniyarim n lar tt ,T ,T I orqalikichraytirayotgantia
tunksiyaningnomi nomdoshiga o'zgaradi,lekinishorasi

qiymatihisoblanayotgan qo'yiladi. M: cos2100:

choragiga.qarab
funksiyaning = coslf
cos(2700-600) -tJ:
"otfr:
F
:-sin6oo:-f t$mo:{ ,*i!3::?3:]=:ffir=yf sin14,5",sin82650-sin(7200+106,50)r5i11es0+
F
cos480o:cos(450o+3g): -
-r1rr30o= ctg8700:ctg(7200+t -tgOOo=
SO)=s1gl500:ctg(900+eO)= -.u[
+

Keltirish formulalari:: (Bu jadvalni yodlashemas,tushunishkerak.)

90"-s 9O"+a 1800-d ISA0+a 2100-u 270t'+et 3600-a 3600+tx
a - o'tkir burchak 7T '=+d
T-e 2
7t-{I 7t+d *-a
I **" ?tt-a 2n+a
cltorak I II II Iil III U H I

Sirt cos cos sul -sln -cos -cos -sil't 3tn

Cos srn -stn -cos -cos -srn SN cos cos
Tg ctg -ctg -tg tg -ctg -lo tg
"lo
Ctg to -to -ttg -tg -rfo ctg

i)cos600=cos(f-300)=sin300=05
tv'|: 2)cos1200=cos(++300)=-sin300=-05
3)ctg3000 -tr
=ctl(++360;=-1gl0o=-
VJ

8. Ba'zibir ayniyatlar:

r) cosa-sina=n[#."'" -#' =Jzsa1!-a1yoki cosa-sr'=6".{i**)

")='6('*i'*'o-rorf,rino)
2)cosa+ sino = Ji ro"Q - a) yoki cosa+sins= S -
"4+ 4
3) sin3a=3sina 4srn3 q 4) cos3a=4cos3a -3cos a burchakni3 martakamaytirishformulalari.
3tga - tg3a ctgla - ktgct
5) tg 3a= -@ 6) ctrtu: bwchakni3 martakamaytirishformulalari.
-d#

7 ) c o saa- s i n a a r : c o s 2 a , 8 ) s i n a a* c o s 4 6 v : r - j s i n z d : 1 + | c o s - t a + Q.S. tl+ttl

-sin6
9)cos6cr q=f (rs.o.:o+cos6a) q +cos6rz--t-]rnrza=fi+$cosua=
10)sin6 Q.S.-L+rt-l

1 l ) c o s s a - s i n 8 a= c o s ? n { t - } s i n 2 2 a ) 1 2 ) s i n 8 a + c o s s A : f r n2oa - s i n 2 2 a + t } q t a[*tt]

l 3 ) A g a r b u r c h i k l ai rk k i m a r t a d a n o s h i b b o r sIa. s: i n a ' s i n 2 s ' s i n 4 a . . . . s ri n

"=+ IL cosa.cos2o..cos4d....cosna=L
t; .t )t 4r.*,!_=_rlr=_Jt
sinl0o'sin2Oo'sin40o:
1.1:
f
cos40o' --i"- -1
cos800'cosl600=
8 sinii sutii .sut-;. sini
t t t 7 2 a r c
| - ((I'?
I . I . I . I , I ,
T ' T ' T _

t;
cos400'cor2Oo=
cos800'
sinl00'sin500'sin700= *6 -re24o.te48o,te96o:
o - ' - o ' - - a - -+,f-11
8 ' [ g l : -Ji

14) 600va undantenguzoqlashganikkita burchaklaruchun: y.,*'fr:ti.!i"rlt: -llt:i}l3*{} {l ie.L,{tii l'i.

a) sin(60-n: ) ' sinrz ' sin(60+a ):0,25'sinia b) cos(6t)-

a )'cosa cos(60+a ):0,25'cas3u
1,{;sin480sin120'sin720=0,25
sin360 fvJ:tg280.tg320'tg880: tg280"it=tg840
(60-s,) {cr) (60+u) {a) 6a- s:) (60+a)
[v]:c0s550.cos650.cosl750=cos550'cos650'cos(1800-50)--cos550.cos650"cos.50=-0,25"cos(3'501=
160-iv) (60+ a) (cs)

4' isi -i n- -l ,8 0-' p

- ' r- n
. r1i ,9- ,, i6. 1
. -.1=. .. 4
- 5 4 0 ) = - 4 s . r a 1 8 0 , s i - n 5 4 0 = ; 4 s - i n 1 8 0 ' s i n 5 1 { 0 ' c-ol s5118n J0b " . s l n
: -s i r r t r 8 0 . s i n ( 3 6 s 0
f4"
:.r-i ,CbS1E0 ' c o s1 8 o

_ -zsin360.sin$10 ?f0.)- . isin360'Eos360- -s:r;-71t\- -sin??,O=_:

'rosl8o coslEo c.eslB4 siil??o
.f 1,i"r5i.6
i
'5J..iri::l-*t::::i-bo'lsa, *nex*c+soy-:? Y*cLiis:h:
{sinxl-cosxi2={f' ,rt-sinl:FL;2,sini?x:k2-1, siq2?*_.=r
i,',
' '1 4'-31k2-ry2
I = i - f , r : n r : ; . = 1 - ' :4 'i"':- t'z -
4

i 'j: eos{;'r}-cos tf = c.:si518} - cos6 = ff}s(.fu-O -tc's d =,:os6- cos6 = rJ

siiiLr+iilr'sin(:--:?--j-
ir'i: (It-rgQ}+l)'(l+rg(i5-x)):(l+tglxt--:Lr).)'{l-rsq'.t-|5).):t'-tg(x-lS)+ts(:c+20)-tgq:.:+20).tg;.t-}J}:r-
cosqr+ 701cos(r- ?$
.."rt JA.."str -:l + 2r]-,r + i
sin(.r-
r13"(,"1-Fit,i-is{;i-t'il= " -_c - o s i t . + J 0 . 1
.cos{,.-_

-
_ _ cos€;r'-Ol!os4-5 _ 2cos(r+ 20)'ces(! 25) _,
oos(v+?0'uus(r.-?.! cos{r+i01.cos(r-2-!

, : '

K o s i n u s q a c h o n " - " i s h o r a"syienyi d i " t 4 : c o s ( - 2 0' 0 ) = c o s 2 0

co0 s. F + ) = c o s + , c o s ( S - 3 0 0 ) = c o s 2 9 , c o s-i z - * t = c o- -s-#' 4- c u . l
5' J 4',

i Q a c h o n " y e m a y dti" 1 'c" o s @ - a ) - - c o s # ' -cos29=-cos?S, ,*t4*4=-cusdy, e o s 4 : r c o s ( 4 . 5 7 0 ) ; c o s 2 2x$4 , 6 E g

.t;
1).6 cos2s + sin 2a ifodad,an2
ni qavsdantashqarigachiqarsak z1$ cosU + sU 2a) bo'ladi. 2(16 cosa + sin a) enras.
!
2) Trigonometr'ikfi:nksiyanibilor nahu'alsongabo'lgandayoki ko'pa1,ti1g61i1a
burchako'zgarmaydi.Bwchaklar formulalarni
o'zgarzdi. M: sin3x:0,25tenglikningikkalatomonini2 gako'payirsak 2'sin3x=0,5bo'ladi. (sin6x=0,5emas,)
,qo'llaganda

rEJFABfrBfSq$-#ftFTS{'$ P""
rilNS${Y4r*
trigonometriffin{ild.
1. tesftgri
2. 1=arcsh4funQsiyanhqgrafigi aa 4ossa[ai,
3. y=arccos.4funfuryantrq grafigi va 4ossafai.
4. )=arctgxfunQsilaning grafigi va 4ossa[ari.
fir.
5, j- c"? 6 6rrf r'c t6:s:c
c;i.6jifn?A,si3,*rtry: g[
6, tesQgritrigonometriffirmufafar.
tesfigritigonometri{te1x|{arna[affii ycliish,
"7.
8,'fe sEgritrigonometri{teng siz[iEfurni'yecfrisfr.

qiyrnatlariga
funksiyalarning
9. Trigonometrik ko'raulargamosbo'lganburchaklariiitopishga teskarIfrigonometrikr'unlcsiyalar
;deyiladi. l) sina =a 2) cosa=a 3) tga:a 4) ctga:a
0: arcslna 4:arccosa d = atctga g, -- arcctga

M ,a r c s i n=jt = l o o arccos (- w-l-) = !!! = 15Oa ?f:ctgl=t = 4so arectg}=S=gsa

z o
| * * l t1l
?" a soniningarksinusideb shundaybwchakkaaytiladiki,snd = a bo'lgandao :arcsina
| l L
Bundaa=[_i:tr],* ty =t
|
_-'-
) ' J- l l
|
-
L

s i n i , l m a v j u d( s i n l , 1 = s i n t l ' 5 7 0p s m 9 - 1 0* Q 8 8 ; l e k i n , a r c s i n l , l : d
ra)sin(arcsina)=a sin(arcsin0,9)=0,9 sin(alcsin2)=d
=
a) a bundas :l- n /2;n /21 oraliqdabo'lishi kerak.Agarbu oraliqda
ib) arcsin(sin
j t.ttirirh formulalariyordamidashuoraliqqakeltiramiz, fvi: arcsin(sin14o):140
iarcsin(sin4555: arcsin(sin(5400-850p:arcsin(sin850;=350 ir ir': *Jli ;t"\tl$ftff rii.'ii:ifi

+99899.01
 funksiya5sinx funksiyagateskarifunksiyadir. Xossalari:
I.Aniqlanishsohasi-A.S. r[-1;l] Il.Qiymatlarsohasi-Q.S' ft-nl2;1tl2l
IIL Toq funksiya,ya'ni arcsin(-x) = -arcsinx
IV. Funksiyax=[-l;l] da o'suvchibo'lganiuchuntaqqoslashda argumentikattasikattabo'ladi.
firarcsin0,7>arcsin0,l arcsinO,l>arcsin(-0,S)
(5470- sinusIll-chorakdamanfiy) : arcsin(sin70):70
ffi: arcsin(sin(-5475):arcsin(-sin(5400+70;:
0
I 800-eO);=*.*in(sin80o;: 390
arcsin(sinl000)-arcsin(sin( tt /6

arcsin(sin8401=340
540)=arcsin(cos(2700+840))=
arcsin(cos3

arcsin.vaarctg.daqavsichidagisonmanfybo'lsajavob(-900;00)orasidagigradus- - - - - - - L - r / 2
$:lSi$..,4'':\,'s.,\l
chiqishishi kerak, musbatbo'lsajavob (00;900)orasidagigraduschiqishi kerak. Arccos.vaArcctg.da
qavs ichidagi son musbatbo'lsajavob 100;900) orasidagigraduschiqishi kerak, manfry bo'lsajavob (900;1800)
orasidagi gradus chiqishi ke.rak. Bunday misollarni yechishda l-navbatda chorakni va ishorani aniqlash kerak. Javob harn shunga
qarab"+" yoki "-" chiqadi-
5700ni 2,5n yoki3,Str lar orqaliifodalamay,mig,
11,-e-.-.-li':(l!l-19),.-*il-I9-:-li$-?,oo chunki,bundasinuscosinusgaaylanadi.

5700ning Ztr bilanfarqi = 3l0oi misolningjavobi -900 va 900oralig'idagigraduslarchiqishikerak.Demak, 3a Isini

-=-o '
1-. r
) /./ .tui15 J:L bil;;i-L jarqr: "."!
JU ta;itdyrr)2.Eni, Lilisl,,*rji liei*, 57]0-3n y;,ki 1"T-j7C0. Sir,r. jT0oiia ir;riy Lc"irari ;t.i.
i

5700ning 4tr brlanfarqi= l50oi arcsin.ningjavobi (-90;0) oraliqdagigraduschiqishikerak.Demak: 3n -tO. ftu*-3Au)

l1:--s-'-'-L'r(qli)-'--rill-:-g!l-t-?-l-l 17loni 05n yoki l"5a lar orqaliifodalamaymiz,chunki,bundasin. cos.gaaylanadi.

l T l o n i n g0 o b i l a nf a r q i : l T l o i misolningjavobi -900 va 900oralig'idagigraduslarchiqishikerak.Demak, z lisini
l7loning tr bilanfarqi= 90 I tanlaymiz.Endi bilishimizkerak3-n yoki z -3. Sinus17lodamusbatbo'lganiuchun
l710ning 2n bitanfarqi=1890i arcsin.ningjavobi (0;900)oraliqdagigraduschiqishikerak.Demak: r -3. (bu=90)

fi: arcsin(sin5):2 sinlo sin2850- manfiy,demak,arcsin(sin5) :(-900;00)oraliqdagigradus.2850ning 6 bilanfarqi 1050,

2tr bilan farqi7 50.Bundan750lisini tanlaymizva endi bilishimiz kerak5- 2n yoki 2n-5 manfiyini tanlaymiz: 5- 2n --4(bu"-
lvi: arcsin(cosl3):r .ort, o cos7410-I chorakmusbatson..Bundayarimz lardanfoydalanibkosinusnisinusgaaylantirishkerak.
7410gayaqinijS77yoki4Sr. J,Jrbilanfarqi:11tr0, 4,5nbilanfarqi =690. cosl3=cos74l0-bumusbatbo'lganitrchun
javobi (0;900)oraliqdagigraduschiqishikerak.4Ja-lisinitanlaymiz.J; 4Jz- 13
arcsinusning

3, cosa :a bo'lgandaa :arceosabo'ladi.Bundaa:[-1:l], a =[0;'z]

a) cos(arccosa)=a cos(arccos0,3):0,3 cos(brccosl2)=d
b) arccos(cosa )=a burdaa =f0;nl oraliqdabo'lishikerak.Agarbuoraliqda
bo'lmasakeltirishformulalariyordamidashu oraliqqakeltiramiz.
lil; arccos(cosglo):9lo arccos(cos3500):arccos(cos(3600-100)):arccos(cosl00;:1
00

JFflI'ccosx funksiyay=cosxfunksiyagateskarifunksiyadir. Xossalaii:

f:

I. Aniqlanishsohasi- A.S. x:[-l;l] -:-ij:r'ri'il{i-;i*i'$*;,'.i.i

il,(]'ri:x:ir:'^t - t"- - ^li
T -n,
"- 0
't/l
2
II. Qiymaflarsohasi- Q.S. 5[ n;,a]
IIL Funksiyajuft hamemas,toq ham emas,ya'ni arccos(-x)= n -arccosx J'"1;
arccos(-0,5)=a -arccos(O,5)= r -(tg0=1290
IV. Funksiyax=[-l;1] da kamayuvchi bo'iganiuchuntaqqoslashdaargumentikichigikattabo'ladi.p'i:arccos(0,7) < arccos(-0,1i)
-
o arccos(cos300):
I to0+:00;;:alccos(-cos30o):
i'4,arccos(cos21O)=arccos(cosi a -300=1500

rnisolningjavobi 00va 1800oralig'idagigraduslarchiqishikerak edi, lekin 480va 1320laming

llr---u-r.qtgs-(SqSjt),.-gp-s-{_:-gg_s-??_So
2280ning r bilan i :480 i hamshu oraliqq.ategishli.Kosinus 2280damanfiybo'lgani uchunarccos.ning
lt<t<atasi javobi
(90;1800)oratiqdagigraduschiqishikerak.Derr,ak,1320Uki tanla'.tmizJ : 2n4
?|! yjlV--!,?itg B-l: :t2_- _l

javob 00va tr800oialig'idagigradualar chiqishikerak,lekin 12,!0va 540iamingikkalasi

S:__-qr.gg9_r_89_41_S-)j_,"-:il_1-9:-lini0250
tr0250
niarg =1260i
5nbilar,farqi hamshuoraliqqategishli. Kosinus 540da musbat 1260da esa manfiy.Kosinus10260da
"
musbatbo'lgani uchun 6n ligini, 54olisini tanlayniz. Javob: 6 t-t-i 3. Yoki cosinus
10260damnsbatbo'lganiuchunarccos.ningjavobi(0;900)oraliqdagigladuschiqishikerak.Dernak;iavob:6fi-18

+9989?.014.65.5
r
i,4.ar,.:,*as(sinlCj=.l.l,ei:hillti:s.inl0-sin57l,riE*lrie'',allrtlalarrjanf,-l\,dala
3"5- . tlz ltifanfarqi : i 200, 3-{rr biian farqi = 600. Kasiirus I 2t-}0,la tnanfiy, 600 da esa musbali.Sinus5700cia irranfiy
?"5r 1,g1ki
Eneii'bilishimizkelalc |fi-Z,sr yokt 25n -10. I'.4isoiningjavobi [00;l8tl0]oraiig'idagi
iro"lg*ariucbun2,5n (i2{:t0ttig!flitania.-r,r'nriz.
'r:'tl.\'.:':r-,-'ii''jiiiii
gradr;.siarchiqlshi kerak, ohuniingu,:hun -iavob i 19-2'5n . l:'.i'-l ir-illi:ri:r3i'1:i

g*tt43 3= (- o: ;ot) , rt:={; n l2;n l2}

4" ig* =a ho"iganda a =aicrga,be'ladi.

a) tg(arctga)=a s=(-or;.r) f!i! tB(arctg(*l3i)= -13 ' j3

t-lj aietg(tg 'r )= d bilnda,:i :i- n I 2,n I 7) araLiqdabo'nishi }<erak.Agar hu oraliqd;r

bo' lmasakeltirisll fbrl'nutalari1,'crrlamida shu orali qqa keltiramiz,
:
i'i nrctg{ig i 700)-arcigiigi i 8+0-I 0011: ai'ctg{-tgi 001=-i 30 - r l
---------F_-------'
' I -rn tZ
l2
(rg9rctg5t 3"- II-cltttrak-ntattfi1)
arotg(rg9i: -n lzY 1 tl -
lgning javobi (-900; 900) oraiig'idagi gradusiarchiqishi kerak, 19513'da manfiy uchun
j a . , , o b : ( - 9 0 0 ; g l c h i q a d i . 5 l 3 0 n i n g ? r b l l a t t f a r q i : 1 5 3 0 , 5 1 3 0 n i n g 3 n : b i l a n f a r q i = + 2 7 0M, a n f i y i n i t a n l a l t n i z ,J : 5 1 3 0 - 3 r r = 9 - 3 n
y=ilrctgx funksiya5tgx flrnlcsiyagateskarifunksiYadir' Xossalari:
, Aniqtanish - ,4 c. a=(-o:';ca)
sohasi
Ii. Qiyrnatlasor h a s- i Q . S . 5 ( - a l 2 ; o / 2 )
iII. Funksiyatoq,va'ni arctg(-x] : -arctgx' ffi: arctg(-6)=-arctg6
IV Fulksiya*= (-.o;.o) da o'suvchibo'lganiuchuntaqqoslashda kattasikattabo'ladi. fv]:arctg(-l00)< arctg0,01
at'gumenti

- $l * zu,".o{-
rt,zo,'{ - ft)=- + +Y : T =u,
4l = -u'to * z{n
1 J t . t \ . , )
5 , c t g * = e b o ' l g a n d da = a r c c t gbao ' l a d iB
. trnda=(--;*), o =(0:zr)

a ) c t g ( a r c c t g a ) =aa: ( - * ; * ) b)arcetg(ctga)=a o=10;n)

xossalali:
!=$rcctgx fruksiya5ctgx funksiyagateskarifunksiyadir.
L Aniqlanishsohasi- 4.5. ;= (- "o; 'o)
IL Qiynratlar - Q.S.5( 0;a .1
sol-,asi nl2
Itrl.Fuirksiyajuft hamernastoq harnemas,ya'ni arcctg(-x)=n -arcctgp
IV Funksiyax=( -co ; 0o)da kamayuvchibo'lganiuchuntaqqoslashda argumenti
kichigikattabo'ladi. lY1: arcctgl< arcctg0,0l
I 80;=u,.r.,*,.tg(3600-+201;= arcctg(-ctg420)=z -arcctg(ct8420)=
n 420:1380
f,{: arcctgictg3
=arcctg(tg(27
8r')
arcctg(tg34 0o+7801;:ut".,t(-ctglt0)= tr-7 80:1020
- -3
arcctg(tg3)=1tg3= tgt 7I0 - II-clnrak, nmnfiy)= arcctg(ctg{l,5n 3 11=15n
17l0ning$alanfarqi t sf ,lbr',anfarqi x990.
eavsichidagitg.ni$y"k+or.qalinomdoshigaalmashtirishkerak.
ilrL*,u1:

4.llr.|1i51-;,.!-.c'Ig:-::-lii..'|1.,.1\'Ji..,cig(tg3.t=1op..

_' ) -
s 4t:l a o r " " t g- h+ u r " r \l d -J+2l) = 6 ' +o + 4 ' ET - ' "
I
sir.o=+, slr'B:-O,'l a a s ( p =^ , c a s |= - J -

Farqigaboring: qandaydiryoylari'
d, F,g-burchaklarning kattaliklari,bularfaqatgraduso'lchovlar,ya'ni 360"li ayiananing
I-,2-,3-,4-nuqtalargamoskeluvchigladuslartenglamaning yechiminibelgilashdava yozishdayordamberadi.

/ =arccos1/dT
1
3 --+h= arccost-;f) voki 3 -+ n - arccost;
VJ

+99899.014.65.61
 . I | ^ +E=-arccos(-+)yoki4--+-7t+arccos+
2--> n-arcsn\ - - >-arccos?
2z -+ - +-
a/3 J3

3 ->-a+arcsin ,,r r"* a+arcsin0J 2-->yokihn- arccos1/4

-
4 --+- arcsin0J Yoki 2n arcsn OJ

t/3

l--+ A-arct$
4--+ - arctgQ4 \
2'-+ n - arctg0{
3-+ n+arctg3 -r/z

l-+ a=arcctgl/3 | -+ p : arcctg(-O$) = z - arcctgo9

2+ n+arrctgll3 9: arcctglp
2--+ - arcctg0P

qiyin, shusababqa's ichidagifuirksiyadanTBU yasab'formulani

S* Teskaritrigonometrikformulalar: ( bu formulalarniyodlash {
bo'lsin. TBUningpastkio'tkir burchagini debbelgilaymiz'
keltirib chiqarishnio,rganamiz.Masalan,qavsichidaarcsina berilgan
nisbatigatengligidanqarshidagikatetnia, gipotenuzani1 deb
3-chizma.O,tkirburchakningsinusiqarshisidagikatetninggipotenuzaga
tga
belgilashkiritamiz.pifagorteoremasidan ik&inchikatet rEF bo'ladi. 1l-formuladashuo'tkir burchakningtangensitopilgan'

qarshisidagi katetningyopishgankatetganisbatiga teng') F.$e's4{$*-'.y$89{*'i${6'o'fi l-chizma

l) sin(arcsina)=a 9) tg(uetga)=a

2) sin(arccosa)= -.*+(t."*') = [4 l0) tg(arcctga):1/a

J
Il \ : a
i . :
3)sin(arctga)= 11)te(arcsina):-#
' ,
ffi '-at !t - n L
\ 'i,
qavs ichida arctga va urcctgil
'h= ilatnashgan funksiYala t uchun
=#
4) sin(arccigc) l2) tg(arccosa):-;
3-chizma' 4-clziznta
5) cos(mccosa)=a 13) ctg(arcctga)=a
14) ctg(arctga)=lla
,I;7
6) cos(arcsina)=[:7

l5) ctg(arcsina)=--
re " a
7)cos(arctga)= r t
#
arcsina va .{rchun
arccosd
. a funksiyalar
-- 16)ctg(arccosa)=m
8) cos(arcctga\=
4l+ a'

-+ bu formulaorqalitopish'EndiTBU usul' Qavsichidaarctgbot'

)=?, ?=
1,4,cos(arctg3
#
#=
katetni3"yopishgankatetniI debolamiz'Shundagipotenuza
Tangens 3 gatengbo'lishiuchun- qarshidagi
Itz * :.rfr- Uo'tuai. topsak,tot o = -#
TBUdan/. burchakkosinusini

(^3-,7-"g-,!4- formulalar1-chiz-ma orqalihisoblanadi.

) (4-, 8-, 10-,13-formulalarZ-tbizmaorqalihisoblanadi'
)
t2-, 5', l2-" l6- formnialar orqali
4-chizma hisoblanadi"
)
(tr-,6-, 11-,15-formulalar3-chizrnaorqalihisoblanadi.)
=390+590=960=f =
f""l' $in0,1+arccos0'1
17)ar.csina+ar ccosn=S lv!: arcsin0,5*arccos0,5 f
''r'J
2.fr +arcsittx=,arcsint= -, - ,
arcsiot=
3ar csinx=
N]: Zarccosn+ csinx=S
2(arcsinx+arccosx)+ar + f,
!,
tgil,+tg] ^ --i--iJ^- r^-.r-r--^- "
f'olrnulasidan foydalanamiz'
crga=
tr8)arctga+arc l-rnisotr;tg4alcsia{-+)*n'"'ou}) 1rqa+F):ry
t
 t . i E-- - t; tr
-up' 1/ -1 n - N a
2-irrisol:sin(Zarssin f )'cos{arcsinT J_'' T { r
f ):Zul*tro*o.in 2 J g

. { 1\ , 3
(-{) - * urru*;
3-rnisctr.r"r1:unmg arcs ul -
J I
arcsm5 : 1 1 deb o'zgartirish kiritai'niz.

J?
-
cas,,z. j:cc s ft1,;os4 + si:i2L-{ [ 1 . L = 1 : . t : t - ; )= ) . r , C , S l-C1 : - 2 , ; O S l2. - a t c t g - '-L:2
|

[ fi**tu
cosT=v : = \ ,il*-.t,**ltsin
J
:
3
: ! trT4/5 = 7 F
2 si,,$=l+=
tengiamalarniyechistidatenglamashartigaqarab terrgliktiing ikkala
i T" Teskaritrigonometrik
lkerak.Topilgairildiznitenglamagaqo'yib, tekshiribko'rishkerak.

Fl: arcsinx*arcosix-lj=a arcsilix=a-arcos{x.-l) a-arccs(x-1))

cos{arcsinxi=rosi f; =1--q
Jl-:t[+x = i-\Jl=; xr=g xr=1 T e k :' t ) n l 2 + n l 2 = n
2 10 + r = n
f!; 2arccos(-xl2)=arccos(x+3),7(xT -arccosx/.2)=arccos(x-F3),
cos(Zn -2arccasxl2):cos(arccos(x-F3)), arccosx/Z=dt
cos(2ar"ccosrJ2):x+3 cos2s:2cos2ev -l:2cos2(arccosx/2)-l=x+3 2'(x214)-tr:x+3 x'-2x-8:0 xr:-2 xz:4
Tekshiramiz: xF-2 da 2arccosl=arccosl,0:0 to'g'ri^ x2:4 da 2arccos(-2)=arccos7,xato. .f: x=-?
';*,;iii.ir liarctgx=$+2nt" arctgx=h.+=ry, ai'rtg.r-ning
f f i : s i n ( l O a r c r g r :t)e: ln g l a r n a n e c h t a i l d i z g a e g a ?

at(-+,+)bunimar,lajini20gakeltira^a.(-ff;#)=# rt=-2,-t,0,t.2dao',anri.
ushbutenglik 5ta

r- > {l sababi arctgxningQ.S (-d2; rdZ\

Tenglamaniyeching.
{vJ: lg(arctgx)+lg(arcctgx)=tr Yccliish: O.S J:;; sabatriarcctgxningQ.S ( 0; r)
{::::f;:rtd
arctgx'arcctgx:10,bu tenglikyechimgaegaemas,sababiarctgva at cctg ning Q.S.dagi ixiiyoriy qaysi 2 ta
lg(aa-cigx.arcctgx):1,
somi olib ko'paytirmaylikjavobi 10 (gacha)chiqlnaydi.
-:-rrlrl:1;ii :,:l.l; ::' il'i
&. Teskarifrigonometriktengsizliklarniyechishdaquf idagilargae'tibor berishkerak: :ij.t.J, ;i1.,.,,;

a) aniqlanishsohasiga;
b) tengsizlikningikkala tomoninisinusyoki tangenslasak,belgi o
kotangenslasak, belgi qarama-qarshisigao' zgatadi'

fi: alcsinx<arccos(x-l) sin(arcsinx)<sin(arccos(x-i)) x< *'<l-1x-l;t x'<l-x'+2x-l Zx2-zx<{J

=*=jIJ ur {i:l=trll,,r
2x(x-r)<0 ="=-rg:f 1-(x-t)220
ft='Oilll (x-2)x<0='=Ill J: x:(0;1)
',{.S. <*2
2-misol. urccor'x-( ur""or*n# =t r[-1;l] arccosx=y ,''-+Y*f<o ,,=T Y,=t
(arccosx-$ )S0
)'(arccosx-f *,:-+ z xz=0,5 .r, *=1-f ; j 1
6 " ' 3 '
3-misol. arcctg2x-5arcctgx-6<0 (arccigx+I )(arcctgx-6)<0 4.9. x: (- *; *),
arcctgx ning Q.S. [0; ] bo'lgani uchun 1-
"
qavsni ichi doim musbat,2-qavsni ichi rnanfiy bo'ladi. Ko'paytma x ning istalganqiymatida doim rnanfiy' 3" x= (- "o ;co)
4-misol. (arctgrx-l6;(arctg2x-4)>0 (arctgx+z[)(arctgx-4)(arctgx+'2)larctgx-Z)>0 arctgx rung qrymaiiar sohasi

( -s lz;fi l2) bo'lganiuchunI -va 3-qavsniichi doim musbat,2-va 4-qavsniichi manfiybo'ladi.Ko'paytmax ning istalgan
': ; ''li::i ' '::i '- '
qiymatida doirnmusbat.J: x= (..*: -) " ":"
)0
S-misol. 4arcc,ts2x-i A . S .x = [ - 1 ; 1 ] , * r r r o u t * i * , (a.cccsx-f Xarccosx+ ;ao Z-qavsningichi drrinimusbat,
f
arccosx)l/2
tashlabl,uboramiz. kosinuslaymiz x(cosl/2 Tiiitrr-iirytrurlri , J: x=[_1i cos0,5],
cosl/2=cos23,50
-l cos7l? I
>x2, 4x'alccos(
6-nrisol. 4x'arccos(x2-4x+5) ( x-2)2+'l)>x2, Tengsiziikx:2 da aniqlangan(A.S,),boshqasonlzu'A,S.ga
yo'qmi tekshiribko' ramiz. 4'larccos! >22 0>4. J: B
x=2 tengsizlikniqanoatlantiradimi
kirn-raydi.

+99899.0i
 tg,ctg)tengrarnarar
(sin,cos'
rrigonometrik *:"*
4taqolip
f:Ii:il f":::1*'::11;.?::t#l rl;i;1;.1|;o't;:l;;tn*
Jffi:fiTi:iTil::;:'il:lxl-"ffi;dji;;;q;.','*1.t:::::"-:y':::::":ff[1"*
ilH##ff:l:'T"jJi'?,;,'-#';"*ffiffii;:;-""41"-''**y:::':
4taqorip
ig'ctgtitengramarardan
misollarko'ramiz'
biri sodda,ikkinchisimurakkabroq
,L'n'"o''
il;J;;;;;,,*,*ii"a*: ) ga teng-
l.Xususiyhollar:(Xususiyhollardeyilganda-trigonometrikfunksiyalamibirlikaylanachegaraqiymatlariga(0vatl
Lashtirilganhollar tushuniladi')
x:It l2+ 21tt II I. sinx: -l x:-ttl2+Lnt
I. sinx=0 x= lttt

f .S's*+*r:i +$Sl]*1$f'*4"ffS4ir.
Sinusningbirorqiymatigamoske|uvchiburchaknibirlikaylanadaikkitanuqtabilanbelgilaymiz.
yechirnquyidagiko'finishidabo-ladt:
Bdar Oyo'qigasimmetrikbo'lgani uchun
atcsina+m bunda, neZ
-l)" arcsina* tnt , Agar a<0 bo'lsa:
":(-1)n*' 0

J{ , i\'^.-^-:- .B ..,, y:{-1\n L+m l-rasrn 2100V-"/-30

+nn ' x:(-l)'
M, i,)sinx=*, "=t-rl'arcsinf !+nn
tt=lda-!+tr=!; rt=2da n=-ldax=(-\-tft-r t-!'
T e k s h i r ins=h0: d av = 1 - t 1 0 f t + t r ' +
0 ,; ft+ztr;
I tt:-2,_3,-4'..lardahaml_rasmdagiikkitayuqoridaginuqtalarhosilbo'laveradi.(l_rasm)
'7n
-ft; da n =ff; n=2 da Bundahamnning
| , , , n 1 1
l t t ^ " T e k s h i
Tekshirish: r i sn
n=0
h=: 0da
d a - 4 : n
n=l
= l d a + fr+2n
l) sinr=- i , x=(-rJ [+ nt ft+
'o,migabutunson'lamiqo,yaversakl_rasmdagiikkitapastdaginuqtalarqayta-qaltahosiibo'laveradi.(l_fasm)

j * +i'in'*= u"uin$**'
*=(-r)'*'
+ '" ;=,-;;'"iu'n "
rt,rn*= +
x=1_,1"*tff+Stm
1'-'1"in!:-9' f =(-t)'*'ft+m'
$, n^-r"t*mt, x:(-r)"#-+
rr-rtsini=
2x-3=(-1)"
sin(-3+2x)=f,, ' x:(-l)"ju'"'inf,* +.+
u"'infi*ml ' *x:(-l)"atcsinfi+^'+3
t3-l3)4sin(-3+21)=O,t
1=1-l)"+r3'at'csin'J-fr'+'3z
10,'1,'n(f* +):u, +.+=1-l;n+/ar:csinoJ+mt'
"f;t-l)*.'atcsrno'.-s+nn'
v'=b -f
sababi' =-104
1)sin3x=2,*=d 2)'i"(+)=-+'
fiisull"r; (4qolipdoirasidabo'lmagan)
-$+ nt -3'
-'x= *=$'*))1*t
3)sin5x=o, 5x= mt, u : ff. 4)sin(3-x)=-1'3-'a=-$+a" e' \- - - - - ' ' \o'" gu,* uv di '
*= *n7
5 )s i n f . c o bf=o t tr^? :0 J si n $ =r , != $**,"
sin(arcsin$-lf1=snft, x=7
6) aresinf 4)=+, to ninisinuslaymb:
Tengtilariikkala i-t=t'

x= n *Znt
2. Xrisusiyhollar: L cosx:O x= n I 2 -r nt lI. cosx=l x=2nr

Kosinursninghiror.qiymaLrgamoskeiuvchsburchaknibirlikaylanada,@rxo'qiga
yechimv=fr+Znn ko'dnishidatro'ladi' *=u,
x=+arccasqizm
bo'lganiuchuru
sirnraehik
oslr=-a, x= f{7r - arccosa\+ Zmz
 x=tatccosfip.+Lm.
3) eosx=O,2 4 cosx=-f,; ,$=X(t-a.rcror$)oZ*r.

(l-l) 2 c o s 3 x = r E , i
3 x=tt+b n t. x =t- fz+ +
"*u t*=$ ,
(z-o
c{is(++ , "=*+-++4mt,
il: +, +-ft:iqo-Lpoz*" i="#-#yzryt,o
*,=-+ -+ +q*,=- 4f{+4mt,*,=+ -+*o*,=#u
r'-3-3! +:)=
{.S"
crrn ft- ,
tarccos*+Zn
3x+2= , 3x=-tur""or#* 2m-2 "' *= *{ur"."r#-**?

(4-4)sos ff=x{n-ur""o"!\*z*, +l:4tm,*=*tt-*..."qorf,;*t+,

i'..=+Qn-zurccosS
l+)=-+,
/4ir.'!lar;
(4qotipdoirasidabo'lmagan)
t)cos3x=.6, *l=A z.l.orffi)=*r, x:fr
,;,
5x=$+nn
3)cos5x=0, , "=#*+. 4) cos3x'cos5x+sin3x'sin5x=i,
cos(3x-5x)=t,cos(2xFl, 2r= bmt, x= mt

3. Tangenslitenglamalarniyechishdaquyidagiishlarnibajaramiz:
l) tangensningqiyrnatinio'z o'qida belgilab,ungamosburchaklarnibirlik aylanadanuqtalarbilan belgilaymiz.
2) nuqtalardan(-900; 900) oralig'idagisiniolib, dawi aruni qo'shibqo'yamu,
lm x= -arctqg+ lux L tgx:O, x:00 +mt:zn I : aretga

i)tpr=t
, *:fr+*t. 2)tgx=-1,x.=-S+nt.

3)tgx=4, x=arctg4+tm. Altgtl-Jt, x=-arcqJi +mt yoki x= arctceJi) + lrn

r'-':,ri;-+)=6 +-+=f +mt,t=ff**,, x=!+4nr

tca{+-t"t') =0, tsSx=0
tz-27fr-tstx+tg23x=0, lx=nn, xr=#; E:''=-#,3x=-ft+n7, x2=-ft"+

{3-l) le3(.r+2):10O, 3{x+2}=arcttl}O+tvt" x+2=tarct{Oo,,-ff, x=-2+*orct!ffi+ff.

{ a - gE $ - 4 = - J'
2 , +-E =-a rcts4 **, i =o- or "tg $a^, x=zz- zar ctg$**,

tit, arcrg(+) = g ikkalatononnitangenslymiz tg(arclg(#)): t&, = 0, ..T= -l

,+
4" Kotangensli yechishda
tenglamalami guyidagiishlamibajaramiz:
qiymatini
l) Kotangensning o'z o'qidabelgilab,
ungamosburchaklarni
aylanada
nuqtalar
bilanbelgilaymiz.

ctgx=-4, x= rf -arcctga+m? !, = arcctga

I l CICX= {J ' X=:1-o 17It , 2 )c t g x : - l , x =l t - r l ' c c t S +n t = r - t +

* ^r. m=
ff
3) ctgx= 4, x= arcctg4+ mt . a) ctgx=- t6, x=r-arccq,ll +m yoki x: arcctgFJi)+ mt

t)=Jt
tr-rrctg(+- t-+=f,+nz. i=E**, x=ff+4nz
Sx=n-t+m,5*=ff**, *=+*+
ateS.,c=-"6
{2-2.J
(3-3j ctgf,x+2)=100,\x+2):arcctd\O+rm, **2:tor"ctf,O}+ff; x:-Z+!arcctS}}*t,n,o

E(+-O=-+,
{a-A} t,-o.=n-arcts
4*^, t=h-oras $*.rr, x=4n-Zatpcts
$*^r.

+99899.014.65.61
 tenglamaningt- o ;Tl oraliqdanechtayechimibor'
f{, l-misoi.
"or1z*- lVf
L u =!xf,+2 m *t Lfi+n' xr ft+ n' ' xr ft+ n'
z x - ! = x f + 2 nt
+)..' kabibutun sonlamiqo'yishimizkerakki'
Topilganxlvax; ildizlardagin larningo'rnigaa;xl
yechsak,ildizlar yaqqol
javob ber-ilgan oraliqdanchiqib ketmasligikerak.Birlik aylanachizib
'Y n2 x3 xs ni bildiradi'
ko'rinib turadi'Aylanadagi1,2,3' ' ' 8 raqamlar' I "
x ' = - n + 7 l l l : 4 650 x7'n+ni4:-1350 x3--1250
Shuoraliqdagiengkichik l - i ' a t " o " -
t;tOSo xf225s x;3750 ;r=4050 J:8ta
.oOtt

4t
(-28;31t)oraliqda yechimibor
nechta
M: 2-misol,tg3x="E tenglamaning
3x: + nr ( r2o0+600'n)Endin ningo'migashunday
! "=t*t
butunsonlamiqo'yishkerakki'chiqadigan javobiar(graduslar) berilgan i ' i qii'.. 4
x,:
kerak. -VE + t l9 = =l'ln l9 : -3400 7 i
oraliqqa bo'lishi
tegishli 2A
I
-..',n:*:1,;,'jt:,
l: 200,
,ori*o;lllo;,':;o3:8:* 5000 ] 1 Td .\9 \
4400,
3800,
J: 15 ta

1, I{va{rat teng[amaga kghfigan tengfnmahr'

2, Ah'iiftsti tengfo.mafar'
3. Foimufaasosifaycftitadigantengfamafar'
4. Qipotenwaga 6o'ti67u6orlsfiwufi'
5. rifu'tabycfrlfafi4an tengfamafar'
-Il2 va a2=I
2a2-a-1:D bo'ladi' Bundan at=
€, 2cos2x-cosx-1:0 cosx:a deb beigilashkiritsak,
cosx= -112 xf flnl3+?m, cosx:1 x2:27at. Bu yechimlarni birlik aylanadabelgilab !

hosil qilamiz' ( bun'1an ning o'rniga Q,l'2'3" ' sonlariru

birlashtirsak, x:?totl3 degan umumiy yephimni
l-rasmcl,auchta nuqtanin ghar 1200da takrorianib
qo,yaversak shu uchta nuqta takror kelib chiqavera dit'
-i'tli;i11ii";
{ii4'€f i;ji i-ratn
Tj'{)1i'":'*i::t1
kelishini ko'rish mumk in. Bu ! 200'rt yoki ?nt l-3 degani.)

tgx+ft:tJll'tg*, tgzx+j=Zi-Ztgx, (te.\-'6lz:0' tgx='E

fv.]:tgx+3crgx=ZJi A.S.x+nnl2.
sinz6x+0'5sin6x-0'5=0
iv'l: cos26x-cos3x'sin3x:0,5 (l-sin26xpO,Ssin6x-0,5=0
-tr, 6x: (-l)" trl6+ nt 'va 6x= - r l2+2m qiymatiarinibirlik
ar+0,5a-0,5=0,sin6x=0,5va sin6x=
A"".'aibcshlang'ich
aylanada belgrlabbir'lashiirsak, 5x- n l6+2ml:1 Cegan+mu*iy yechimn! hos'ilqila*iz'
kelganiuchsn 21Et13ni qo'shi6yozamiz
nuqtudun 3gtyuramizva keyngi 3 ta nuqtalarhar 1200datak'orlanib
U i r r u r n i y y e c t r i m d a n . t n Ji tt oxp: rs1a3k6, ' r m 1 9 , ' . '
bulargabir iinsli tenglarnar'leyilaiil'Bularnivechishda nechanchi
Z. Tenglamada q.atnashgan qo,shiluvchilar bir xil darajalilro'lsa
1:oill?'-'
ft'l'2sin2x+2sin'"1'cosx-4cos2;l:0
darajaliiienglamabo,lsahar.irii.Qo,shiluvchrnrshudarajaiisingayoki'cosgutro'uuhtr*lc.
ctgx:1;-0'5 r'-xrl4*m xi=-arcctgQ'S-tnn
zt-zitgliaatg2x='i:-4. c[g2x-0,5ctgx-0,5=Cr
bo'lsa,l.uqoridagitenglarnani ikkala eomoiainicos2x gabo"lit' lubomrdz'
Agar javrrblardaactg qatnashgan
tgx:-1 va ig"r=tr/3
fcj; Ssin2xf4si{1.{cosx=2 1ip#^ +tg2it+itgx=i-tcas2x 4tg2;+2tg;=1'+ry2}" 3tg2x+2tgx-l=0
r.--lr I 4-rm xz=awtgll3'tnl
cos2,;-3
sit'l2x' :+in3r' eosx-3sin^x:0 | :cos'rx tgx+tg2r.-3tg3x-3tg4'1=0fgi."(tr+igx)-3tg3x'(1-tg;r):{-t
Jvi,sinx'e,osl;<-F
-t t\ -l m'! !t= &1 tgx:tll J1 \=Ln l4-r n'
( 1+tgx,\'tga'{ {-3 tg2x;=1r fgr= - i i"1= I tg;-{.={,1

^ / +?1f,!F
 *{. Fornutra-lordarnidavechiiac{igan -l-l:lii$'.i.'ii
tenglamalar.!1.;:+r:'i..,i::r:. .li:,i.:,,ii.ril
i4t cos2lx-cos3ii'cos5:::i' r:*rs3x(cos3x-co-s5x):i3 cos3x=0 3x: t /2t- nr x; n I h+ m 13=300+60,n
cos3x-cos5x-2sin4x'sinx:0 sit;{:{1 vt: n1 sin4x=0 x1: mt I 4 Bu yecirimiamiLrirlik
aylanadabelgitrab
birlashtirsal:x= m / 4 t,a x='LzrI ...+.m deganyechimlan:ihosii qilamiz.

i:'l: sinx-sin2x=0 sinx(tr-2cosNl=0 Eir:t=C x1=:tnr. ccsx=L/z xz:Lrr lJ+ nz

l2-usut: Zsinr.-r-i2)
cos(}xl2):fi sinx/2:O >"-)-m cos3x/2=0 3x.12-- rcl2-r nt
lxz= nl3+Zml:. il<kala
usulningyechimlarini
birlik aylanada
belgiiasak
ilstma-ust
tusha,li.

i| i''1, cos3x=siri5x cos3x-sin5x:{l cos3x-cos(f -5x):0 -2sin'i;:-EJ:--lz. -u,^,oJt!-EJ-2-J:r-:q

-'
- Z 2
I

isinlar-4)=n 4x-ftr:71ru xf 3+4 s i n' (t 4l - ;')"=' 0- 4 - x =" r m xz:4+tn

I 4 ' 4 1 6 4 4 4
j ivi: cosxcos3x=cos2x cosx'c.tsJx=cos(3x-x) cosx'cos3x=cos3x.cosxi-sinlx.sinx sinlx.sinx=fi
lsin3x=0 x; ,r,t sinx:0 x2=mt J: x= m /3 -,.i:r-1,1i:i:tij.t
il1:ij:,ti,rr'(..,f tl:"r:.1;:'
ril
I
I r' ,. ' tE/ l ri + J. [i tr ++tl.77l1
i' t v J . l s i r , ; + s i n r ,l +
=
p'l: TTenglamalat' e m c c i n i r r c n h i nyeching.
e n o l q m a l a l c i c fsistemasini o Bunda
R r r n , . : l e x,
w \t-fft.n^1
I ell:2trf .i 2 -
funtrsiyala qo'shilib l dankattasonchiqishiuchuir
^l-r-u,^r'-!^,L;r;r.ri^-L-r+--^-^L;^i.Li,,-L-.,-
i , ." t:
= s' l*' . v '
lcos-*-r-co > : v ay I - I l c h o r a k d av( aI l Vc h o r a k d a ) b c ' L i s h i k - 1 . .

Sistemabo'lgani uchun va ikkalasi birdaniga ba1'arilishiuchun .r va;r l-shurp6agi sonlar. Shungako'ra, x+y =[0; a] bo;lishi nrn.

.rnt'=t*2zrq Shar-l,gako'rax+r'=[0;.2]bo'lishimuml<in.n=0dashaflbajarilad:
f:..n{I.or+=+g rgll-Jl=1
:j .": -. , .t F y+ 1, - t?ningo\aigamanfiyyoki1,2,3,4...
sonlariniqo'ysak,x
+.yberilganoraliqdankichik
t=t*^ y o k i k a u a c h i q a d i . ,r=+0yd=at + 2 n . 0 , r = * - y ,
fzcosalacos+=";t
t:

srnrf-r)+sin ,=tn{ ="+

cos;,+stu;, Jzcc'rf-.,4=+ ,1.:6_z sin23,= J!;

z),=-+tml
u, , [7 - r r n r u , r = ti { =inP,,
e o u y+si c osf,- r=' )# l + s i n 2 l ,_ +ZJi,
a o
2y--!+2nt

It=[+mx, ))2=!+rt, bundahamn=0bo'laoladi.(rrningo'nriga

rnanfi-v
yoki 1,2,3,4...sonlarini ol'atiqdan
Qo'ysak,l,gs;l]gan [A;a] dan
yokikattachiqadi).
kichik 0=+, yr=ft+r.0=f. nUarni
1,0=f;-+,r xgpetibqo'yamiz. =+
"=+'+=+ "=+-+
t, (+,4),^(it4\
o) ))
\r \o
cosx =3
cosr'
fv|:, ffin';1,7J (sin.r.sinv),ffffi=r ,l vok -{.:t :;1,;:! y)=z-+6
.os{x+
(sinx+siny)(sinx-siny)
-. l =0,75
i / l : Jsin2:r'-sin2
f*-r=6po' 2r-*lY cos300.2sin300.s6sliJ-=q75 =+ x* y = ! * l ^ r , ! + z n
j.ri"-1.r*yy
Misoi shartidax, y efo;Zttl Shungako'ra; "t-;, v4 3+y engkami va engko'pi bilan x-y e [-2r].zr] va x+y elQ4nl bo'lishi mumkin.

x * y . +n : 0O ui , 1 ; n = ld a , + 2 n = + , + . * = ?

J-*r=* io.n) i**r=* (o.o\ I^.r=4 (!L,\ I-.r=* (y trl

[ * - u = 6 f o\ . 3 ' " 1 l r - : u = o ol o
2'6/ \]"-/
l*-y=oo0 l r - - v = o o\ o
2'6l

4 " A sittx+Bcosx ko'rinishidagitenglamalar

quyidagicha
yechilarii
:
l) Agar ozodson(C) nolgatengbo'lsa,tenglikningikkalatornoniniyo sinxBayo cosxga bo'lib yuboribyechishkerak,
M' sinx-3cosx=0 l: cosx tgx-3=O tgx= 16' x= n l3t-nt
"6 "6
2) hulchakniikki martakarnaytirib,tgx orqali ifodaiashkerak. 14;4sinx+3cosx:5 o t
ffi., i;#*:
1+tgz05.t )
8tg0,5x+3-3tg20,5x=5( +2=0
ft-z QJv- 8tgOJ.t (2tgO,5x-t12:0 tg0,5x:1/2 x=Zarctgll}+2nt

3)Asinx+Bcosx=C.JEiF gipotenuzagabo'liby'uborishusuli.Buturdagitenglanalar42+82>C2
bo'lgandayechirngaega.

i u 1 ' , 6 s i n x - c o u a = .2! 1
!11=2 s i n x c o s 3 0 O - s i n 3 0 o c ossi nx (=xl - ) = t , * - t = ,=!+ua,
$sin"-fcos"=t f+at

l:JiE Jh*t'.#sin.r =-;fu-

2-misol.3cosx+sinx:-3 =
costarccoslft--.)=-# ur..or;fu-n
+(z-alccos x=arccos tW-*"corfr)+2m x;n*Znt x2:2arccos
ft,t+2m ft. ft.-rr+zn,

+99899:014.65.6
I
 qolib ketacli. 3cosx*sinx=-3
topishusuii bilan trarHyechishmumkin,lekin bundabitta ildiz
Bu misolni fir.ktrab
-1 = tr + 2m
fcos.v= [x bri ildizlarni birlik aytanada kesishtirsak, Jz x= n+,nt bo'ladi
isin.r=e lx=mt

-:-!:':!'3i;''tl
lii4.,{-;:.1.{:ii
5 " pllrlaU yechiladigantengiamalar: !i t)'r*qr:'t
'}=1-, xFtl|+?nt xz=znn
l-nrisoi. sinx*cosx:l {l u: . 1- v { ;flvta :r.l-^ t^ :ll:'* ;
=
{ cosx = tlu
lKKala ltu4rr

1
2-misol. sinr0rsx+cos2o2ox= --d x: n I 7+ mt s m x
x= mr tesishtirsk rr'\=' i
{ :tfr I

-r t-"*l x= n+2nt
-r-rnisol. sin2x1-cos5x= = ot
{

Jj It J2
4-misol. sin3x-fcos3x=
)Ur-3, * = *e2 {:ni*;13:l;;hn
fcos3x
h 6 6-misol sinxr-cosx=3i2 Jt Q
5-misol. clsinzx*3cos2x=b 42 azz a62
, . s i n . : ;- n s i n x = 0
-,/;GT;-'', :'i*'itS
<=im n n i n g o ' r n i g a0 ' 1 ' 2 ' 3 ' 4 " 5 ' ' : c : 0 0 ' 1 8 0 0 " 3 6 0 0 ' 5 4 0 0 ' " o' J' .fr
ro"t":ti"iqo?yul(t' r+{to"36a.'120, 1080, 180',"'
1440,
sin5x+0,
g) 2sin17x+!6 cos5x*sinsx:Otenglamanin gf3n;6tl oraliqdagiengkattava engkichik yechimlariyig'indisinitoping'
-+ cosn+sos6'
rrsinrTr+4cos5x+-Lsin5.x)=0 s r n l ? . v + c o s 4 c o s 5 - t + s i n 4 s i n 5 x"=" 0 t t$^/$
: 1 1 n t " t f ; : } 0\/.\d\
-t'* t* -""
,"",t:-n*$2.,o,t ;t* = r , , o , t = 0 , ! - r t x=f + ^ , ' 11y=-ft+nt, ",=-k*ff
;t-t"
yechimlarnitopanin' n = 33 da * = - # * " i ? t
=-ft+3nbu
n ningo,rniga butunsonlamiq o'yibl3tr,6n]oraliqdagikattavakichik
-k.+=%
tt=66dzen1kattayechim
tt=34dal-engkichik
3nclankichik,shuninguchun lechtrn-fr++=#t

4-nn-!+5x = -!, +n, *2=-Lru+ n = l8 da * = -ft * " ir = -ft +3n; bu3adan

^ ^ .2 ' ' ' ^ - 6 - - - - - 0 . 4 - o * = 4 - r n , , 61a ff
2 6 t
-
n = 36daengkattayechim + 6n =
rt:19 dal-engkichikyechirn-#
kichik,shuninguchun, "+
=
+{t ft W
J: ry.# =W =ry'
butotttalaitdizlardanenglcichigivakattasinirgvig'indisi
#,W,#tW.
=o, 2cos2x-1:0, ,'
1+?sZr -1=0 cos2x=rJ,=t*t' 2x-xz =0' x13=0;2 4'5' 3=[0;2]
9 ) ( 2 c o s 2 x -Jt rv)r - J

= Q ,+
7 L , 5 7 t zn = O d a , : t * # = f r f . A t A . S g a k i r a d i .x 1n i n g t t = t l , + 2 " ' l a r d a g i q i y r n a t l a - r i S
A' g a
\=+*t
kimraydi.) Denralgjavob: 0: q:2'

= 0 , T e n g l a m a i l d i z l a r i y i g ' i n d i s i n i t o p^i n=g- +. + m t , ),t=-ino LQ-3x-2=0' x2=4$ at=7'

l0),(rs^*t).nfi;:zl

A . S . c o s ; a + ex + S + ^ r , r * l * , , 2.r2-3x-?<0 x:[-0J;2i" xldaginningo'rnigafaqat0,l,2sonlariniqo'yaolamiz,sh

b c , ' l a , S i , s h u n i n g u c' rhru2n: - 0 , 5i a ' r o b n i o l o l m a y i a r z

,,r=-+,+"+bo,ladi. "*l*u,laginninga'miga.-iniqo'vsak **-1'

ildiclariyig'indisi: -+.+
Tenglanra + z = +l's
" i
 "!:i'i
1 :; 51t fj :€
i:qi'rit* ti i:!""-"{ $ii3j{,1,!,;'1;,1ii"

l. fiin'asfit a tagsinus[iten1sie{i?Jarni
yecfiisfr,
2, tangenshter'g,sixlififu.rniycfrisfr"
-1', K.otangens[i yecfiisft.
tengsiz-fififurni.
rl.'lengsizfiftfu.nti6ir*r*ra[i4[ayclikfr.
-s. f{ts'paltwLa ftp'rini*thidagi. "tectkfi.
tenTsie[iFJpttr.i

1" i:inusiivakosim.rsli
tengsiaHklar holtral':
uchnn,';ususiy

!) sinx>l & 2)einx>1 x:f;+Znt 3) sinx<tr 4i sinx S i x:{ -co;co )

x=( -Br;a0 ) 7) sinx<-1

2 ) c o s x 2I x:2nt 4) cosx( I x=( -co; m )

5)cosx>-1 xt tt l-2nt 6) cosxZ -i x=( -cD;er j ( -l

8) cosx- x= -E +2.nx
t

I Sinusliva kosinuslitengsizliklar quyidagicha yechiladi:

i 1) Sinusning (kosinusning) qiymatini y (r) o'qida belgilal.rniz,ungamosburchaklarnibirlik aylanadatengsizlikbelgisigaqarabnuqta
i yotl halqa bilan belgilalrniz;
ii) rengsizhkbelgisigaqarabo'qning kerakli qismini shtrixlaymizva ungamosyoyningkerakli qismini musbatyo'nalish bo'yicha
I telgilaymiz;
t3) vechirnnioraligko'rinishidatasvirlabdavrniqo'shib qo'yamiz.Qavsichidasonlatti yozishda1- kichik son(gadus),keyin katta
isonni(gradus)yazamiz. l4t
' / / - \
1 7s i r i x > 0 , 5 + 2 m t; +2m l- t'a;nr 2)sinx<0,5 +Zrm;V-+2nz)
; ":lt ff I ":i- O
I
| [ r -r l,r__'l
3) sinx > ; r = Lmt; n - arcsnS + znt j a)si.,"<$ "=l-r-ur""t.,f +2wt;u.rrir,$
larcsi.u5 "14
t -
i 5 :s i n r * >- 0 j .t=L-? +2mt;i- +27m = x- +
6)sin ,:[- !+z^,;-f +2.,f
)

s)sinx<f . =l- r+ arcsir,$

+ vma;-
*"rut * arl

I- rasm 2- rasnt i- rasm 4- rasm 5- rasm 6- rasm 7'rasm B'rasnt

j(1-rasmga qarang.).{vval sinuso'qidan0,5ni tanlab,shuo'qqaperpendikulyar to'g'ti chiziqo'tkaramiz,so'ngundankattabo'lgan I
iO,0nl tanlabsfuuo'qqaperpendikulyar to'g'ri chiziqo'tkaramiz,
so'ng0,7 ni, 0,8 ni, 0,9ni tanlabshuo'qqa perpendih.rlyar
to'g'ri I
-r.0
noq0f+sere9ol4.6s.or 88
 chiziq o'tkarsak'yuqorida 1-rasmdako'rsatilgan birlik
aylanahosil bo'ladi. shu aylananingbo,yalgan
yoyi yecliim 'isoblanadi

t)cos-r>o,5 +2mz;t*14
"=?+ 2)cos-v<0,S
"
=[+ + 2.mt
; ff * z*)
3)cosx> u.""ou} + Zmt; ur."or! * z*r] €
{ ":i- 4) :["r"".*+ + 2mt;2n - ur""o"$ + 2.r-,
"o"r< "
5)cos;r>-0Jr=l-
+ + 2mt;! * z-r] = -+
5)cosx . =L+ + 2mt
;{ o 2.,11
7) cosr>-Q7 :r= frr+arccos0J +Zm; z_arccosA,7+2ntl
8) c'os.x < -Q? ,6= [zr- arccos0,] + 2mt ;z + arccosA,7+ 2nnf
9 ) c o s x z o + + 2 m z ; *f z ^ l
":i- 1 oc) o s x< o , : ( + + ? - . r; a z z - )
$- "

I
It
I
I
"%*#_**$
("
3- r'esttt 4- rasnt

a + a'ccos Q7

6- rasrn 7- rasnt 6- ra.cnt 9- rasnt

Endi sin va cLrsni'g argumentimurakkabroq tro'lgan

mrsoilarcranko,ramiz.

"6sinx<02 , ".-f = T O ] - . - f = 0 , 0 1 * :1,- o - ur"r*-!. + 2a,,

a,c.in-f- + 2.trl
L )v-\ j'J5 I
t,1,cos{r - l) > -025 -t :(; *ur""orf + 2mt;.o._ur."orf + z.nt),
| "
,=(r-or-rourr"orln2,-2u;nto1-ouuroo$+Lnz,,)
+=A-r*^-ccos|e-znr:r-ro-u,-c"orj-rznr),
2" Tilngel1slitengsizliktrar.qr.iyi,,lagicha.,;echila.di;
, -!:ltiiiiai,.lt,iJ:,i:
1i.r,_r.,,i,,,:,, .r:
I j rgxninganiqia'ishsoriasiga kirmaydigarn /2 -r m lar.niharqabirani-relgiiaymi:;
2)tengsizlikbelgisigeqara1ro,qnirag&:errrkiiqisn:liriivayoyningharn1cerakliiki<itaq.lsmiiiibelgi1aylrrlz'(Eriyo1,!a1
3) yoyla'd,an
(-90t' ; 900)oreiliqdagisini
yechiiti qllib ,7ozamiz.
tvi:1)/€r>ull,r:l_+, *,,$ * *ri
 -l
-x)rg-r<1l3.-i ., :(-
$ + *, .) mnl mt; arctg?+ na\
J
)
5 j . g . r >- , ,' r : i 1 - j -- -,rr, ?T )
4 L J -

2
xtr7| 'uryJi+-r;$ur*')
) z. ,l
7: Isxs---: l: t- U - ?T .l
__?il?l + 7a7:,- arct.g4,S+- z.nt
' / 3 \ - T. J

3. Kotangenslitengsizliklarquyidagichayechiladi: !.rl.r,1is,J;;i;r
.i ,i-1,?r.rt?-r|;
ii.i:ri.+j*.i:
1)ctgx ninganiqlanish sohasigakirmaydiganm rwnihalqabilanbelgiraymiz;
2) tengsizlikbelgisigaqarabo'qningkerakliqisminiva yoyninghamkerakli
ikkitaqisminibelgilaymiz.(Bu yoylar'ertikal
3) yoylardan(09; 1800)oraliqdagisini vovlardir.)
yechimqilib yozaniiz.

Pt:1)crg.r>
nlZ,,:(*rt+**rf 3) ctg;r>2, , : fur; arcctg2+ mt)

z)etgx<Jt, * :l+ * ^r, o * r)) 4) ctgx<2" x=(arectgT+mr;o+*r)

5)ctgx>-t,:r=(* tff * *') 6)ctgx>-fs, :b4 o - ororsJj * *f

"
7)ctgx
<-# .:l+ * *, t o * ^) 8)ctgx <4J x =(r - ar"cctg4,S+ -r;o + .)

9)ctgx<O
x=l+*^rru**) 10)ctsx>o,
":?r;$**')

7- rann 8- rasnt 9- rasnt 18- rasnt

'm,,,{t,* <o. 7x+ =l+*^,,,n*,), n =1ffn* +*,),, :L#
f,) ft ;$ - +, # " +)
1ll: ctg1x <lO, Jy ={arcctgl\ + :(O2 mt; rt + n\ x arcctglo + O,2.mt ;O,2 t.r Ae n}

,t"1,lsinxplcosxl. sin2x>cos2x,cos2x<o, zr=(f*z*r;!**r), r=(6*r,,{*r,) +ri,s,ti."jjtj.i:}.1gi,.?5.,fi

F.i)i,),.,rrs:,:)
'M' cos2(x+l)'loga(3-2x-x2;
) I . 5cos'ix+11 ning e.s. = lsg, (-co;41=
[0;l]. 5log4(3-2x-x2)ning e.s loga(-(x+1)2+4)
=loga(0;41=(-cc;11
. Ikkitasonko'payibldan kattasonchiqishikerak.Kosinusning
Q.s. 0 va I oralig'idagisonlar.Bu sonlarnilclan
kattasongako'paytirsakginal dankattasonchiqadi.ShuninguchunlogarifrnningQ.S.dagimantiysonlarnioiolmaymiz.Undagi
musbatsonlarham 1 dankichik' I dankichik sonniI dankichik songako'payirsakldan kattasonchiqmaydi.
C.s.ningva Lo!.ning
qiymatlarsohasigaqarasak,ikkalasiham I ga tengbo"lishi mumkin,qachoni,x: -l da. cos20'logo(3+2-11=i x= -l

ffi: ltgxf<0,5 -0,5<tgx<0,5 a = (4rctgl,S + zn ; arctg0,S+ nn) 3'rasm

fv'|:ltgxl>0,5 -0,5>tgx>0,5. =?+ + mt;- arctgpln rr)uQ*,*S*,, ;$*')

4-rasm
\
Yoki' -r :(arct$S + nn ) n - arctP$ +.r),, + $ + nn tl-rasm

4. Trigonometrik tengsizliklarni biror oraliqda yechishda:

a) oraliqqa e'tibor bennay tengsizlikni yechamiz;
b) berilgan oraliqni birlik aylanada belgilaymiz va shu oraliqqa kiruvchi oraliqchalarni terib chiqamiz.(davr qo'shilmaydi)
l l

Yll
=
ildizlarinitoping. 3n
r) sinx> tengsizlikning
(- + t-;oraliqdagi
;l 4
j4
Sinuslar
o'qidagi ilbelsilangan.
bilan'.(-2700
hatqa E _E\
. :14-T]-lXtff]- 2Jt
{:t^ }
\

2)cos2x<-
f L-zo;zd t ,=(-zr*ff'rz"*6)-
r'<* .t* turOtur / - - \ /-
zx=ffi+2tm;ff+2t
,) -\
r tl -+t!-.-!!!-lr
"'12',
tl !L.2

., 12l-\12',12
/-
a\n
-I n \I
x:1fr+ m:y1+m)vok't 5-rasnt u( o**r zo-fu)1 2 )
!2',
\
x:(750+ I 800'rr;I 050+1800-rz) n larningo'miga butun sonlamiqo'yamiz'.

ir,'i) da 1=(l5o;105), , 1.,'.'.64 v=14350;4650),;r",,i da yana 5-rasmdagi pastdagi shffixlangan oraliq

ii""'Ida x=(2559;2855
hosil bo'ladi va hokazo.

+'A.,[-6'-ft],G,kl"
.=l-
.I T
I t
.
\ d l
1
3)tg3x<-;b'
l-;;;)
/
tx:1-f +nt;-7+m)
l
9ztr .(r'u",rl-lT,ryf
"ft,u,rf'
-:(-+:.3;-ft+zrlvou , , 1 z .r z g n l , l r w . z a n 1, ,l n n .' t t n f
" L T ' ! 8 l " L - o - ' r s l ' ' L 6 r sj
x=(r300+6.0i.n; - I 00+600.n) n laming o'n'riga butun.sonlamiqo'yamiz:
r',ii da p1-100;-100), y,,",J '6a 1=(300;50), .,r,-ida x=(!00;1100), ,t..-l da x:(1500;170), ;t.,'! 611a
;i=(1100;2300),
r.'i da -7:12:i00;2900),r ,li da r(3300;3505, i; .?,.ti,t...dayana6-rasmdagishtrixlangan oraliqlarhosilbo'laveradi.

5. Trigonometriktengsizliklarniyechayotganda ko'paytuvchilargaajralsaajratamiz.Bundaba'zi ko'paytuvchilardoim musbatyoki

manfiybo'lsatashlabyuborib,belgigae'tiborqilamiz.Agarko'paytuvchilar bir nechtabo'lsa,ularningharbirini nolgatenglashtirib,
ildizlarnibirlik aylanada Biror oraliqdanqiyroatber:ibo'shaoraliqningishorasini
tasvirlaymiz. aniqlaymiz.Qolganoraiiqlaming
qilinadi.Belgi> yoki I bo'lsapiyuslioraliqrri,< yoki < bo'lsaminuslioraliqni-iavobqililo
ishorasixiiddi oraliqlarusulidagidek
olamiz. (-
l-rnisol.sifx> j S
(sinx-0,5)(sinx+0,5)> .r cosl-t; < 0
2-misol.(sin2x-3/4)'(
r{+}''
00ni,,^itengiariraga qo'ysak1-qavsmanfiy
x ni cr'rniga
nrrrclrof Ilntnsrrtma manfi rr
{sin-r-J3 /2)'(sinx+
*1 ilrfizlcrni ntrnlq
1)'(cosx+
Jg /2)'(cosx-
hilen
1) S 0
heloilelr ?.-zl-nqv<larni
{-x-t
/-\'-rl
t- >(-t
\ "
tr - l
Y-Jr'
^ \ + l
{ \._,/
+} , l r x = l 9 t - n tO; f + . m l : tashlabyuboramiz,beigini 2 0 qilarrriz, x=3{i0da qavs ichining
LO _l

ishoralari

3-nrisol.{,2aaszx-cesr,-n
)(sin?x-314)(cos2x- n/4)icosffi)<0
n;-0,5 x.J3/ 2 ll I 2 <0 >0
2(cos^yjXcosx+0,5)(sinx-.6 /2)(sinx+Jl /271casx-0"5)(cosx+0,1
<0 , 1200"2400 600,12002400,-600600,-609l2a0,z4(
00ni halqabilanbelgilab,X-qavsnitashlab yuboramiz x=900da '-'-"'
va belgini<0gaalniashtiramiz.

+99899"014.b5
"61
 -6fr0 va 50Gla;rihkitadan
$uft ,C e) E:.".,'igani
E*irusrislrcrairi afzgat;t-irmaytJi.{strelka qg,lyanrfz"} I Z00va Z4*o La,riucirtada,n
{toq
darajai bei"lghniuchun lshorani o'zgartlradi"
ESnAT&4,E:tg Ii va ctg ii ko'pavtuvchilarga
ajnalgan ferrgsiziiklarni
yechishdako'paytuvchilarrla Jgva ecglar sonijuftia bo,isa,
aniqlanishsohasidagi
trralqalarga
stlelkeqo'yamiE,toqtahs'lsaishcranir:,'egartirib
ketatreramis. [.
t-nrisol. qtgx- x:00 da !'-'1"+1'- ('-'e I l50Ci?+.500
"/T)ftgx+1J>0,
i l, -\
xr=600'ra Z4tlo, 1;2=-450va 1350. k, t={.f
I
+n,;ff"*,),x+$t n,
rglarsonijuftta?:o'lgarii
uchure
A.S.dagihalqalarga
!S"1r.
strelka
qo,],arniz. .4\
, + { . .
2-misr:i. {tg'x-J)(ctg'x-U91.tgx { S I 7110---:.q---s <n0

{tsx-JT;{tsr+JTXcte*-f 11ctgx+ ).te*< 0

$ iqcts2x+*
rr vJ w^+a+"
drJ0,2400-600"1200 6a0,24a0 -600,1200 >0 ft,i800

x:300 da "+" n+D y={m;n/2+n)ufn/J+zlt\ 24

F. ci'l.r"i +S9fi'.-'"S.fri{.iijr...,H

l-misol. ctg'x-4ctgx+3<[r 4-misol. <0

(tgx-3xrgx-t)(rgx+l)
(ctgx-3)(ctgx-l)<0 -+ y=[nt ++ rn; arctg3+
an]u
y, = (arcctg3 + m i n / 4 + mtJ
w(n/Z+nr;3td4+ntf

f i^"n] ikkalayechimlarningkesishgcin
l - - 1
graduslari x = l - + + 2 m ; * + 2 m I
j*or"rti \ . J O l

-60

J: tengsizliklarning
yechimlarikesishmaydi,
shuninguchun 0

1. MonatonfunQsilakr.
2. (EFrstremum
nu4ta{ar.
-i, trunEglaningishordsi,
4, funQgilaningnoffai
5 Fw&giyaningiuft toqtigt.
6. tFunfuiyaning.[awi1[i6i.
7. ysin4fun1Sila
8. )=cos1funQyiJa.
9. 1=t64funfu;iya,
fi. 1=ctg4funQ"srya.

+99899.014.
 l. Funksiyaningo'sishyoki karnayishomtiqlarigamonotonligi deyiladi.fq' 5-x2+4x-3 funksiyaningmonotonoraliqlarini yozing.
Yeohish: y{x-2)2+1, xo=z. y=(-a;21da yt va ;:IZ;"o) da yl
funksiyaninghamkichik qiymati, shuoraliqdagikattaqiymatidafunksiyaningham
Argumentningbiror oraliqdagikichik qiSrrnatida
kattaqiymatihosilbo'lsa,funksiyashu oraliqdao'suvchi bo'ladi. Agar argumentningbiror oraliqdagikichik qiymatidafunksiyaning
kattaqiymati,shuoraliqdagikattaqiymatidafunksiyaningkichik qiymatihosil bo'lsa,funksiyashuoraliqdakamayuvchibo'ladi.
F {}"r*q*:i -illSB9*.91{.{iS
S,l

x=;a;bl oraliqda f(a)<(b) bo'lganiuchunyT. x=[b;c] oraliqda (b)>f(c) bo'lganiuchunyl bo'ladi.

minimumva maksimumnuqtalariga
2. Funksiyaning ekstremumnuqtalardeyiladi.Funksivaning ekstremumideganda - uning
ekstremumnuqtasinifunksiyagaetib qo'yishdanolingandaginatijatushuniladi.Funksiyaningo'sishdankamayishgao'tish nuqtasi
maksimumnuqta,'kamayishdan o'sishgao'tish nuqtasi'minimumnuqtahisoblanadi.(Yuqoridagil'asmdax=b maksimumnuqtadir.)
Ff: p-x2+4x-3 funksiyaningekstremumnuqtasi: y--(x-2)2+1, xs:Z; fi.inksiyaningekstremumi:y(2)-22+42-3=1
qiymatirnusbatycki manfiybo'lishigafunksiyaningishorasideyiiadi.
birororalig'idafunksiyaning
3. Argumentning

x:( -.o; a) w{b ; c) da F(x)<0

,r( a ; b) u (c;.o) da F(x1>0

4. FunkslyaningOx o'qini kesibo'tuvchinuqtalariga funksiyaningnollari (ildizlari,yechimlari)deyiladi.Nollarnitopishuchun7

ning o'rniganol qo'yib; x ni topish kerak. M: y+f'4x ning nollarini toping. x3-4x=0, x(x?-+;=0, x 70, x = !2
5. Argumentning qarama-qarshi qiymatidafunksiyaningo'zi hosilbo'lsajuft funksiya,qarama-qarshi funksiyasihosilbo'lsatoq
funksiya deyiladi.Umumanboshqafunksiyahosil bo'lsa na juft, na toq funksiyadeyiladi.(Yoki .t larningo'rniga-r ni qo'yganda
minuslar"yeyilib"yanao'shafunksiyaningo'zi hosilbo'lsa,juft funksiyadeyiladi.Agarxuddio'shafunksiyaning o'ziyu,lekin
oldidaminuspaydobo'lsa,toq funksiyadeyiladi.Funksiyani tashkiletuvchiifodalarning ba'zilariningishorasialmashib,balzilari
almashmasa na juft na toq funksiya deyiladi.) :f@ + juft funksiya, ftn : -f(x) + toq tunksiya ,
ftl
Juft funksiyalar!, o'qigfl, toq funksiyalarkaordinataboshiga,olzaroteskarif-yalar'y=x t/ch:qanisb-atansimmetrikbo'ladi;

p{: Juftfunksiyalar: l.5cosx, 2.y:*', 3.5lsinxl, 4"5sinlxl, 5.5x3'sinix, 6.5lgcos2x, 7.y=1()'+10-'

: o q f u n k s i y a l a r :l . 5 s i n x ,
l v . lT 2.y:*', 3.y:-tg'* 4.y=i'cosx 5.},-10"-10-' tek: l0-''-10-'=-(10''-10*)
, |
o y:i-lll*1lo
""<tl Bufunksiyaningko'rinishini y:-.rbo'ladi.
fiklabtopsak, 7'v==_=1'-
' -4
xz

t t{ fiklab topsak,
ko'rinishini
Bufi:nksiyzrning lxl tro'ladi.
.p=.y 9. , = 2"-+3sin5't
Jl'J# ct94x

ft|: Najuflt,naroqfunksiyalar:l.y=3tsltx+1) 2.5(l+sinx)sinx tek:5sinx+sinzx, 5sin(-x)+5in21-;;, 5-sinx+sin2x

3. )F5""" 4.y-4x+l 5.52sin2x-cosx 6. 5arccosx tek: 5arcos(-x), y: 7t - arccosx

l\: AgarJfu)=(a+b-4)xr +2x2+(b-l)x juft tunksiyaberilganba'lsa,f(a) ning qiymatinitoping.
Y*ehislr: funksiyajuft bo'lishiuchun:r ningtoq darajalarioldidagisonnol bo'lishikerak. a+b-4:0, b-l:0. b:l, a:3
Demak,tunksiyamizf(x):2xr ko'rinishgakeladi. f(a)=f(3):232=18 J: 18
holati(ko'rinishi)takrorlansa,
funksiyaning
6. Bir xil oraliqlarda bundayfunksiyalardavriy funksiyalardeyiladi.Davriyb'o'listrr
sharli:f(x) da f(x+T):f(x)

5{x}-sonningkaslqismi'
| ,,* ",f /'
n f a a
V I L J

-2ar,
Elil-A-tM,Ary=sittx\ray:cosx.funksiyalariningdalti -n
\)=tgxvay=ctpxfunksiyalariningclavri ,,,.'
sin(x+/rp):sinx cos(x+2m)=cosx tg(x+ 777x)= 197 ctg(x+ 7vx ) : ctgx ,.rr' .

pi: Qurlidagifirnksiyaning
engkichik davrinitoping. ttry:sin(Zx- f ), 2r-* = 2mt , x= * ry- -"N = e
J: engli'i6liikdd-t"r
t

Osc,nnsuli: funksivadavlini c'zgaruvchi(; ning) oididagikoeffitsiyeotgabo'lish lcerak. 2,\y=otgdt -S"l

3)y:+.".0.(#.+), , 'r=2n,!=2,'tr=u
'-,+'*4-,5-+l 4)v=#G,,=+=+
- = 2n rujuft bo'lsadavr-
.{SL;\Tit4:u ,,:sid'(ax+b), .l,=cosn(a-r+b) flin}<slyalardau toq bo'lsa davr T €

+99999.1r I
14.115.ii
 tgi'ia,:+b),y=etg!(ax+b) funksiyatardadaw-t=L' 1r1,y=sin6x funksiyeniirrgengt<ichiknrusbatdavri
r=t=f"

bitta funksiyako'rinishigakeitirish kerak.(darajalifunksiyalarnia . Agar bitta. siya,ko'rir.iishiga

kettirib bo'lmasa,har birini davrini topib"gradusgaaviantirib,ulamingEKUKini olish kerak.
x)5{"ou'3*=t'ryin, 'tr:2o,6=t 2)y-sin3*=sinP=3sine" Tr=4;rr:=2/r, iEKtlK(tzso;3eoo}=Jeoo
r.,1,
3iy=cts(zx-f T,=+
)+3sin(6x++.1 r-4=i EKUK(f; )=EKUK(e00;600i=1gso T=n.

m, H - funksiyaningengkichik musbatdavrini toping.l"e*hish: Kasmi sor1d4lq ttusalitg}xhosil bo'ladiiBuning Cavri- 4

| tg!)( 2

grafigi va xossaiari.
7. i-sittx funksii-a,-rirrg
I. A.S ,- = (--<o;co)
II. Q.S y-[-l;1]
III. Funksiyaningnollari sinx=0 x: lzn
IV. sin(-x)= -sinr, toq funksiYa
yt
v. *:l-f*znt;$+zn,]ao *=lqnr^,;!*zr,]ao1'I
L Z L ) - J

y1. y= (-n + 2m ; 0 + Znt)da y < 0, x = (a+ ztat ; tr + zm) da y > o

Yll- T =2m davli. Dernakbu davriy f-ya. F.* xer+*t' -IES8$9.S14.SS.€1
y11y..a=-!+2nr minimumnuqta, x=$+24fl m4x.nuqf4

funksiyaninggrafigi va xossalari.
8. 1t--cosx
I. A.S .y = (-oo; co)
II. Q.S y= [-l; l]
III. Funksiyaningnollari cosx=0 x= n12+nn, (A;l)
IV. cos(-*): cosl, juft funksiya
y. y=f-n+2miuolao yT :,:f2,m;r+?mtlaoyJ,
| - - \ /- '-+2arr)dav<o
v t . x : [ - f + z a t ; ! + 2 m ) d a v >x0=,l f + z m ; f )
]r'Il. T =?:n davri.Demakbu davriy funksiya.
Ylll. x: t+2m min. nuqt4 x : 2mzmax.nuqta.
fr,'l:5 { co(2x- ay' funksiyaning aniqtang.F-*bsq*s +99t9$.S1&.S*.ti1
grafigivaxossalarini

f:{.ostzx-61 tunksiyaqachon0gava 1) cos€.x-f) =a, zr-f =ti^

+l satengliginitopamiz. ,='#*t

*{=E' rr=8, xz=V, 4=+, *-r=-#,'-r=-8, x-r'=-ff shugraduslardagrafiko;o'qinikesadi.

2)cosQ.x-,f;=lu x=ft+m: ,o=+, ,r=T,*r=Y,

,?:c-ft=zna *-r=-t, *-r=-Y shugraduslardagafiklga
teng,!ek!noldldagi1/?ga llo'pn5'""irsa!', l/ 3gater'gi:o'larii.
l:eic.liasi,ia
=-t b-t=x+2m, ,.=!*^; .o=+, \=+, ,r=Y,,tu=-t, *-r=-* -l
shugraduslardagrafik
$eos@x-f)
barchasida'.ll3ga tengbo'ladi.
ga teng,lekinoldidagil/3 ga ko'paytirsak,
I. A.S x=(-<o;co) IL Q.S y:l-ll3;1/3]
=0,L"-t=t** , ,=ff*ff; (a;1/6)
iII.Ico(zx-f)
IV. Funksiyanajuft, na toq.
y. rdZ+ *rfdo yt
m;'rd6+ yI
a=lvl6+m;2n/z+ntfda [ 5_n
":l -16 l?
ouv' p
vr.x:(,{,+n,;ff * *)a^v>0,x=(f7* *,;ff+ a',) 3

':
VII. ?=ar davri.
VIII. x= -a / 3+ ar min. nuqta, x= ft I 6+ nt max' nuqta
tv1,1=-3sinf +2 funksiyaninggrafigi va xossalarinianiqlang,Birinchi navbatda5-3sin flaning grafiginiyasiiymizva eng

= = hl ,
= m\.,..x
oxiridashugrafikni2 birlik yuqorigako'taramiz.Funksiyaqachon0 gava tl ga tengliginitopamiz'l) sin; 0, ;
x-1=-fut, x-z=4n shugraduslarda grafik Ox o'qini kesadi'
& =0, x1=2Jt, )iz=4rT, xj=&t,
l ' D L z - =1,
.2)surf \' ,"." x=tt+4mt; .xs=tr1 . | =5n,
. U . - , .x1 : z - . - a .x-t=-3n,
- ' . , -x2=9n, .-| l,gateng,llkin-
x-z=-7n shugraduslardagrafik
i=tn^"
z_ 2
oldidagi -3 ga ko'paytinak, barchasida - 3ga teng bo'ladi.
 -l ga teng,
-. - Y - \, X lt,t
x=-ft+4ftn; xo=-n' xt=3n' x2--7n' x-z = -9n shu graduslarda grafik
Jsm, = 1:-Z--*,
bo'ladi'
lekin oldidagi -3 ga ko'paytirsak, barchasida 3ga teng
I. A.S r=(-co;co)
II. Q.S y =l-r;sl
nollari:5 -3sin(0/2)+2=0+2=2
III. Funksiyaning ^(0;2)
+2m.
0:-3sin{+l s;-f;=ztS, x = (-1)n'Zarcsni
IV. Na juft, na toq funksiYa.
v. ' = (- 2u,",^! - zo + krn:2arcsin]+ t'o-) aav> o

' =Qur"ra!.-4nt;-2arcsn!+a *an)dav <0

y I,
y1. 1t=l-r + 4m;r + /+ntlda + 4ru;3n+ +ntlaa yI
16=ltt
:,lil, T=4m dawi
Yllt. x= n + 4m min. nuqta, x= 3tt+ 4m max. nuqta

r--- llcosx<0
l1 y=cosx_cos-rJx =1,,tZ+Zrn;3x
J,=cos-\'+.Vcos'.r l2+2ml
ful: | | llcos">0 1 v=o
v-cos.r+lcos,rt = ;;.i._.__iri:,..,.
Lt,

J . a
t - L

Ikkalashartnibirlashtirsak, , .
grafik quyidagiko'rinishgakeladi'
i \
I

?n
- * - E i E t !!- 7r :::-
Bu davriytunksiYa' z " 1 u
t l
7 ' - 2 ' " 2
'l-
6

I
I

9.y=tgx funksiyaninggrafigi va xossalat'i'

.L A.S x+f+nt
fI.Q.S Y=(-oo;m)
III. Funksiyaningnollari tgx=0 x: tul
IV. tg(-.r): -tg\- toq funksiYa
Y. p(- r I 2+ a4rd2+nlda YI
y1.y:(rn; d2-,^) auy, g, 7 = (-r I 2+ *t ; n)duy t0
a"rILT= nn davri

VIII. x= f + nt \srltkal assimPtota

10.J'=a1&,funksiyaninggr aftgiv a xossalari'

I. A.S x+ nl
U. Q.S Y = (-co; oo)
IlL Ftrnksiyaning nollad ctgx:O x= t l2+ nt
. ctg(-I)= -ctgl toq funksiYa'
y= (nz',n + tet)da y I"
y1. o= (rar; d2 + nn) olay > 0, v = (-t I 2 + m ; n') 4av < a
vll.t=TErQavlL

\rUL x= m vertikaLasgirnptota f.{1i'isi';;:. 1-}}liijri}$it65ti:'t ., , ,I

rvl,5 6crgq-ft) nt'tt<si.va topamiz,, ,,:'

0 gatengligini
qachorr
sorrlariniqo'vamiz'
fr'n"z'-n'-2
n ningoirniga
cryq-+)=a, *orf -fl=0, t-+=t**, :t=4+2m

,0=+, \ =+, k =+,'-, =-t, graflk0-ro'qimkesadi'

r-r=-* ohugraftislarda
 'as'snt|-ft\+*' !-$:'at x+f':-'trt .a=+, r,,=#, ,r=7, ,,-r=-$, ,o_r=-! shugrarrusra:i.dagrafik

naiufr,Ltatnq .- 6ret
Ir./.Funkcil'a - : -.-rgr+ o -F;+ u 9' \\ t , &
+, f, '\o ti
u /. ." x==[ -(g
1 $- +
+22n
n tn;;$$t+- 22nn,,.,))ddaayy<<00, " = ( . ft- -t z- ttuuu, ;,{; +
{ +zzt aoza)zd)edvu>v ao *
"=i.f \ it \l i
vl.x:$rl2+2rm;5n12+'ha]aavl \ i \ j \ i
Vfi. r= ttlT+7nr.r,ertikalassimniora I -6 l{ ; \

},/=,t*l'l t*:":f:Tt:jf.ua1*vtunksiyaemas,.safabi f{: y:-g,lctgx tunksiyagrafigi

gatik (-m;-al2)oraliqdaboshqacha; yn/2;nl2) oraliqda Budavriyfunksiya,s-ababi 1_*;*; oraliqdagrafikning
hoshqacha; (:,r/Z;a),rlaliqdal_roshqacha.
Grafik3 rii.) shaklibir holdatakrorlanibkelvapti.

Erl).i'.r"'$"\1{"r:
y=a'F'(lt'x)ko'rinishii funksiya: 11.r-'j'irrrj'r:+
.}*j:l:li*!r.$+i.jf.(ii
a) Agara>l bo'lsa1':F(xJ funksiyagrafigiyuqori8ava pastgacho'ziladi,ya'niox o'qidan
uzoqlashadi;a=(0;t) bo,lsaor o,qi
tomonsiqiladi, ya'm Ox o'qigayaqinlashadi.
b) Agarb> i bo'isagrafik o'nggava chapga rortiladi,ya'ni grafik e, o'qidanuzoqlashadi; 6=(0,r) bo'rsaoyo,qi romono,ngva
chapdan siqiladi.
l:'l$x.;\'l';\{.'\r
,t ning bittaqil.natiday ning hambiftaqiymatihosilbo'ladiganfunksiyalaroshkor
funksiyalar (),=4x-l ),oki
v:3x2-r2),ikkitaqiymatihosil bo'iadiganfunksiyalaroshkorrnasfunksiyalar
ilyl=4x+s yoki x2+v2..2,+J:0/deyiladi.
r'1' l'=/4x+6 ushbufunksiya& nrngqandayqiynatidajuft funksiyabo'ladi. Yrehi.sh:Bu funksiya
b ningtrirortahamqilmatidajuft
bo'lmaydi,sababix ningoldiga"-" qo'ysak,u oldingachiqadiva najttft na toq funksiya
hosilboiladi.

Trigononarir fu M$lyalarning4. f. vae.S"

I. Sirtusva Casinus
lr"|: 3i = sln ,r, ) = sin 2x, ;, = {sin x, r=fsnsx, : ' = s i n ( r - ? , . v = s i n z 0 J - r +l aBr n i n g A . s ; e R . ( c o s . r i g i h a m x u d d i s h u n d a y ) .

fvJ:Endi{i'sniko'ramiz:
r)5sinx, v:[-r;1]. 2)5sin2x,y:[-l;l]. ]y=]sin-r: ,=1r-,,'r=[-*,]] at y=fsinsi,
t [ ' r l
u r r = ' * $ - + ) , y = [ - t ; l l . O ] = s i n z 0 J x +v s=,( - r ; r l I + 8 - [ 0 ; t ] + s = 1 (8c; oe sl .. h a m s h u n d a y , )
ft-t;tt=1-i:r,Tl

M:ransenstaming
A.sniko,ramiz:
r)5tgx,,- il -, rffi:;,'.::'I:"; x* + +#- ' -
J)Y=;/g-l
- I
.Y+t+nL.
n

+ y =f
r r g s . r ;s x +f+n Lx+ft.+.
, r,,l i +f+n,., r *!**,. 6) cos20,lx+
v,t xQ* + mL, x + 5E + lunr..
z
fv|:EndikotangenslamingA.sniko'ramiz:
l)5ctgx, x*nt.2)y=ctg}x, Lr*ir\ r*+. Z1y=[rtga x*nL.
qy=#uCS.t, Sx+mr., ilx-ft+m, x+ft+m
"*+. 6 ) s i n z 0 *, lQx A , x1+ m t . , x + t ' m z . .

Nl:v=tgl, v=ts2x,,=t,o, t=fex, v=te6-t), y=ts20Jx+-B

larningd).$
7eR (ctg.larhamxuddishunday).

In. .Arcsittus va Arccosittus

I
H: jr = srs5in.r, / = arcsinZv, J, = *arcsin r, -. -?,z '
1,= -f arcsin5.r, l,= arcsiri
'(.\ 1 ^,
]'=arcsmr0J.r+g larningA S quyidagicha:
,12

+99899.0t
4.65
 1)5arcsinx,
x:t-t;tj. 2)5arcsin2x,
2x:[-t;l], ,=l-+,+] s)y=larcsmar=t-rA. a)t=$arcsn5.r,5x=[_l;l

' = fl-i ' ir_ lrl. $ / = a r c s i n ( t - ? , . - + = [ - l ; 1 ]',= t f , - r ; f t + r l . O y = a r c s i n z 0 J 0. t,+i :&r = [ - l ; l ] , ; s = [ - 1 0 ; 1 0 ] .

( ushbufunlaiyalararccos.lariningA.S. hamxuddi shunday)
P ! : 1 ) y = a r c s i n x2, ) y = a r c ; n ? ; . , r ) y = | a r c s i n r , t 4 ) y = f a r * i " 5 x , 5)y=*.sio(r-4y', e y = a r c s i n 2 0 , l ; + 8l a r n i n g e . S :
T - -"1 r * -1
t)v=l-;,r1.2)v=l-;,t), ,l- - 11 f o ,1
z)v=zL-t;tl=L-+'+),4\y=El-+'+l=l-ffi'fi),
.. I I o ol | , o1
5)r,=L-+,+)
_ [ o o1

=l-
u,, +'tl'.r=b,+1"'
=[*'+
.*]
M,Dy=arccosx,2)y=arccos2r, $y= jarccosx, Dy=f*..o. 5*, 5)y=*"*"G-t), Ay=arccos20,1
:r+8 laming

t)v=lo;,1,21v=fo;nl, qy=flo;,,J=F
t1v=|lo;ol=[r'g-], r;,=[0;,.],qy=lo;ny+s=[s;uz*"e
fr ]
Arccotansens
|v!: yuqoridagi6 tunksiyaarcrg.va arcctg.r*irrilf'a.s. ::ff::;va
fvl:Yuqoridagi
6funksiya
arctg.lariningrJ...$.xuddiarcsinusday,
Iekinochiqqavslarbilan,
M: 3)y=
r!atctgxninge.S.
,=t(-+,t)=(-+,+) 5)y: arcts{x-Lo)
,inle.S. y =(-+,t)

ivl: Yuqoridagi6 funksiya arcctg. lariningQ.S^xuddi arccosinusday,

lekin ochiqqavslarbilan, M: 3)y = arcctgx ning e.S.
!
,=+("a=F,+)5 )y =sarctglx-ft1=8.(o;n)=( o;82)
Misoll€r:

Q u y i d a gl li t a f - y a n i n gA . 5 . x = ( . - - ; * ) . l) y=sin3x 2)y={sin3x :)y=cosi 4)y=sinx+cosx Siv=.Gosx+r

l - - Y
6)y=sin3x 7)y=-farctg3x S)y=-Sarccg{i 9 , ) 1 . = 1 . , - o r " t g ( x - 1 0 )t 0 ) y = n - a r c c t l p l l1)y=g6s+,.;+sin4

Quyidagifunksiyalarning
A.S.niko'ribchiqamiz:i)y-rin'*;'r+ O Z)y=corJll, 2-x)0, x<2

tlV= sinx+sin5x*Q
hin3x.cos2x+Q
**+,
**,oS*, "#+++
4)y=cosx-tg4 c o s r g a x o h l a g a n s o n q o ' y i s h m - n , r g x n i n g A . s . ecsoas x + 0 , x + f +nz J:x+$+nt

,y=2rfslnil, sinr-l>Q sin.r)1, sin-r:L x=f+m 6)y':ctg4x, sin4x+0, ,*+

4 J , = l g c o s r c, o s x > 0 . , = ( - f *rrt,|*z,,r) 8)y=lgsinr, sin-r>Q y=Qm;n+Zm)

9) y = sin(lg<- l), loganfmning A.S. x > 0 'l -0')Jv = l _ . ctgx-l+0 .r+r/4+mt

ctgx-l' sinx+0 x*nt
1l)y=1ffiffi, cos(siruv)>Q cos[-l;l]=cosF570;5701 buoraliqdagigraduslard,ya,nil-y''-vaI-choraklar&kosinus
musbat.'Shuninguchunsinx dagix ning o'niiga xohlagansonqo'yish mumkin. J: r e R f.'::f..'}f{,e -ii-}j}tgf.[{},t.6S,fi :
I I - u s u l .y = v 6 t d t i " . ) ,
cos(sirur))Q ,,rr*:[-4* lnr;{+zn] b u t e n g l i k n = 0 d a o ' r i n (l in = - t r d a s u r x = l - - 2 , 5 n ; - l , S t r l
L Z 2 J
[-1;l] = 12,5n;-1,5zr1bo'shto'plarn n =1da ,hq =[t,Sa;2,5n], l-l;ll=ll,5r;2,5n1 ba'shto,plaren =t2,+3larda
hairrbo'shtolplam n:O,da sint -[-0,52r;0"52], t-l;11 =t-l,57 ;tr,571ayni17. sa6a6g
.:
[-i;n] oraliqdagi L,arcliasonlar
| | a1-l <rl -.--r:-r- L^.- ,
I-t,J t rtrJ t I ur4ilrlud uut. J ;i en

12)y=/si(co:{)_, sin(gos.r)20, ea1

,x=ILtm;n+2zr{-butenglkn=A bo'lgandao'rinli{n=-i 6u qssn=[-'Z?T:,/t]
cosrr.vl-6)8;-3,141, l;1]=[-6,28;-Jl4j buho'sh tofulan n = nda sssa=f2nj/r.], c13srxl6,2B;9A1, I-{;ll =il6,2&9,41t,uh;rm

h o ' s t r r r o l rlna=rn )u 'o " u *=[o ,aftl ' t 1

p,. :i
i c}ts x . al"=
I l-L $nz*t;$+2ttn
t - . , t . - " ' iI Jr ,: x*=l-
=i-L7-t2m;V-t2ml
t cosx<J,14ayniy
Izoh: javobdagi l-900;9001glacinslarrriildiz ictridagi cos.gaqo'ysak S",f0, lf = ffif00 J/ ya S.'ol3rdaimusba1
f bo,ladi. sinus {,'ti0
r
13)v=--ld- J':io. ^ n x * 1 7 1 1 .'x*'zl
lffi+Nx, : ( d . n. Buxningo'rnip'butrrrsonlat'niqo'yibbo'lrnaydi degani, ,tr:x>0var+it.
so.{,ni) lslaq,rcrl)+0

l a l y = a r c c o s ( r - X )' , - t = [ - ] ; l l , x:[0;2] n5)y=spqcgg , ;i+{:i 1 b ) y = a , : c c o s ( l n^ ,= i f r J

Le l
-F99899.014,65.61
 f 1 ' = ; - r ,r 1 1 3>. - i s y n i y 3, ; t < i x<ll.
l?) y = arerrin 1.t+ af:ccor + -f:+- ,j..-r:=6-ril1 {-r=[-3;ii
r1-1-- 3xr l 3 - 3 . r 2> 0 lx=(-1;1)
!:'r:'j.:'+{;ii'.rr'-|iir,if,-1i}.$li;ti'_ri:1
I1.$L:irTii4A:s!trr,! cosF:t" Bunoa n=[ -./Z;"JIi ::.ceti,qaa
ho'tracii,ve'ni siw! r:osr:nillg Q.S t-lT; "Jlibc'la,ii
Sin2rr-crs2rnirrghani Q.S. l[ r-i : ''F f*lz; Ji lbo'la.di,
fil: r53sin7x+4c+s7rflinltsiyaningiJ.S.iriroping.Yephish:P"lz = 5 "li:1-,r;S1. Br.l fonitr;ianing kelih.chi-qi$hiquvidagieha
"
-s( { s urzr - { cor7.,I = s rir{ 7-',- ru"ror+ ) = 5.'[- ; : { = l-5 ; 5]
\) i ,t \ ).,

fi: p3sin0,7x*4cos0,7x-9 Q S:? J9+ 16 :5 , 1: [-5;5] -9, J: y:[-i4;-4]

!!: ;-4sin{x-l)+Scos(x-iiriiiig Q.S-? vT6*25 = i-4t , , = L,l,?i'V[j
berilgan
Quyida ucl'wnE$,)-t
tunksiyalar 1))=3coszx, :r:3[-];11:[-3;3] Z)1- r -],c.of = t -[-*'+]=
* [+'+]
3)1t=s;nz*,1-[-1;t]2= [0;1] -5, y:1-Z;l12=5=[0;9]-5:trs;Aj
4'11,:i3rotttr2 5) v=coslxf,y==[-1;l]
6)5coszx-sinx, )=l-sin2x-sinx:-(sinx+0,5)2+1,25:-([-t;1]-r-0,5)2+1,25=-[-0,5;1,5]t+1,25:-[0;2,25j-r1,25=[-l;
i,25.].
7) v=g(sin ra ) = tg[-l ; I ]= [-tgl ;tgl ] 8) )-sin{sinx)=sin[-l; i ]:[-sin1 ;siir1]
9)5cos(sinx), )=cos[-1;1], bunda,cos[-1;0]=[-cos570;cos00]*[0,54;i]-oraliqcagiqiymatlarbilan(I\r-ehorak)
cos[{l};l]=
i=[cos00;cos57T.Ii;O,S+] =[0,54;l]oraliqdagi qiyrnatlari teng,ya'ni Ox o'qqanisbatan
{I-chorak)bir-biriga simmetrik.J: 5[cos1;l]
t"^,
y : s i n [ - 1 ; l ]= [ - s i n l ; s i n l ]
I l0) 5sin(cosx),
1.. - 1.^.1 -1-cos|r.^l+cosZr
I l1) 53cos'x+2sin'x=3'--:f
I
!12;.in'o+cossa=|si.a2a-sinr3.z+i -i=f{t+;-:11t-r=}fe;tq-t=L*t_l-'=
i d {(ri":o.-+}3-i:-}(tu;r1-+f Lt,,j
j

lyi y--f(r) funksiyaning ibora[bo'lsa,y:f(x-2); y=f(2x); :,= fdr] ; y=2-f(x);tunksiyalarning

A.S. [-2;3] kesmadan A.S.nitoping.
I
i rtx-z=t-z:3r.x=t0:51 z\2x=l-z;31,
L t z^-L-/')J, x*:[-l;1,5]
-l-r;r'-rl )31.,f,=l-z;rl lr>0 }i =1ulYl
'J t' {G.',J
r/.r <3 {rs9
| I
| qoladi. x:[-2;3].
4) Funksiyaoldidagi2 A.S.gata'siretmaydi. A.S. o'zgarishsiz
I
bo'lsa,quyidagihollardauningQ.S.danfoydalauaolamiz:
bir nechafrigonometrikfunksiyaqatnashgan
i'.:ii,,.\i:'.i,'i: Bittafunksiyada
j+ funksiyanomihu*, o'zgaruvchisi ham(ya'ni x), bwchakkattaligihambir xil bo'lsa;
il)y:sin2x-sitx*3:[011]-[-l;1]+3=[-l;2]+3:[2;5] 2)y:tg3x-0,5tg)3x=(--co;co)-0J.(.o;o)=(-rc;m)
l* harxil bo'lsa(f-ya nomiva burchakkattaliginingfarqiyo'q);
o'zgaruvchilari
jr;y::,in,o- -2[-l;1]=t0;31+[-2;2]=
zsnp=3[0;r] t-2;51z)y=eW#L=q*## =c#fr- =(*o;o)
Bittafunksiyadabirnechatrigonometrikfunksiyaqatnashganbo'lsa,quyidagihollardauningQ.S.danto'g'ridan-to'g'ri
i',',,.l..t,'.',r..i.r
i foydalana olmaymiz,avvalfunksiyako'rinishinio'zgartirishkerak:
.:" o'zgaruvchisibir xil, lekin burctrakkattaliklarihar xil;
-
I) 5sin;x-sin2*+3= i 10na - sin2.r+ 3 = 35- 05cos2x+ sinZr)= I,s-t-J Lx ; ,[lu;sl=ttS -,[W;:,s + Jl"zi]
:- .? l-eos4r -ccsa=l+sn2rr- Z s i n } ? - r -t c o s r z== Il --c o s . r ,
l 2 ) l , : (.s i n d + c o s a ) ' - ' : ! " i : 7'"i'{ cos.z cos.r, A. 4 . 5S.
' ni
n l hisobga
hlsobga o l s a ksn':z+0, a-+ff,shunda
olsak,
./.s'12.d 3##
i

cosrz+t,Q-i b o ' l a d i . D e m a k ,1 - c o s a = i - ( - l ; 0 ) t - - t ( 0 ; 1 ) = ( 2 ; i ) t - ' ( i ; 0 ) = { D ; 1 ) t - t ( t ; 2 ) '

i+ burchakliattaliklar:bir xil, lekin trigonometrikflinksiyanomlariharxil;

j t ; 5 s i n 2 S x - c o s 5 x + 3 = 1 - c o s 2 5 x - c o e 5 x + 3 = 4 - [ 0 ; 1 ] - i - l ; l l : [ 3 ; a ] + [ - l ; 1 ] = [ 2 ; 52 ]) ; , = r i , r s o - " c s 6 a = - ] l t s c o s z a + c o s 6 a ) =

:-S (i-tz'rt:* t-+;al) = -f, t-ro;rel: i-r,r l

2a- 3 coszr)
=-fr Qscosa+ 4co*
 Ff rhFK$q#sffi$.,

Mavhumbirlik uchuni2=-/ tenglik o'rinlidir. a+bi ifodaalgebraik shakldagikomplekssondeyiladi.Bundaa va b haqiqiyson,i

esamavhumb'rlik. z:a+bi kornplekssonninghaqiqiyqismia n! Re(--zl, mavhumqismi b ni esaIm(/ kabi belgilashkiritilgan.
fi:r=t+Zi Re(z)=l, lm(z):2; n-5i Re(z):O,Im(z)-5; z=5,3 Re(z):5,3 Im(z)=o.
4" Komplekssonlar uchunkattava kichik ( "<" , 5") munosabatlaraniqlanmagan.
+ z:l,5+0,6i va za=312+315i bularo'zaro tengkomplekssonlar.
'1. zf5+6i va z2:5-6i bular o'zaro qo'shrnakomplekssonlar.
Komplekssonlarustidaarnallar:F4:(3+7il+(-5+4i)-2+11i. (13-7iF(-i-3):16-6i' (2-3i)'(0,I +5i) = 0,2+I 0i-0,3i-l 5i2

=0,2+9,7i_l5(-|)=|5,2+9,7i,(4+i):(-2i+2)=t#3=W=ql!u=oJ5+|25i
z=a+bi komplekssonnikordinatatekisligidaquyidagichatasvirlaymiz.BundaOx o'q haqiqiy o'q,
Oy o'q riravhumo'q deyiladi. {r'l:2,=l+4i zz=Z-i 2t:3 zd=Zi
o nuqtadanA nuqtagacha bo'lgan r=oA maSgfakomplekssonningrnoduli deyiladi.
Absissao'qiningmusbatyo'nalishihamdairl vektotorasidagi{q ) burchakkomplekssonning
I
I
I - - a :
argumentideyiladi. r ="1a" +F
ko'rinishigauningtrigonometrikshakli, lz = r ' dpl ko'rinishiga
L
, Kompleks sonning :r(cos e +i.sin e
i.:yilrC,iF'.r-nla,.->3,O < l --2r ) Klllplel;l scii'i:1Et:5:nr:n:i--il;:l:;rl<1:.:l
:ri l:r.':;;t!i:;hl'l:la,rkli i;:':l:ir-",-g;r
;;lgcbri:1;
o'tkazishuchunquyidagiformuladanfoydalanamiz
=arccos3l5.
fi: z=3+4i, a:J, b=4, ,=JS*t6 =5, cosQ:315 Q Demak,3+4i=5(cos(arccos0,6)+isin(arccos0,6))

fi: r-r-i, a-1, b:-1,,=Jtl=Ji cosQ=-i, a=+ -l-i:Jif"o"ff+isnfuo)

Demak,
'lt
7.*

ffi:z-2.i, a=0,b:2, ,'=ffi=Z cosQ=$=O'A=+ Demak, 2i= z(cosf + isina,,)

- '57t .3tt

Yuqoridagikomplekssonlarniko'rsatkichli ko'rinishdayozing. l) z=3+4i=Q6 "iueos0,6 2)-1-i=JZe' 4 3) -2i=2; 2

21.22 = 4 - rylcos@1
+ q) + i sn(q + rp2)

t\: z;j(cos200+i sinzAqSva z2=2(casj50+i sitt35a) zt. z2=gftot5to+i s itrs50), z2: zf 1,5(co,sI 5a+ i sinI 50)
fi. z;2(cosl4A0+i sinl400) va z2=3(cas|500+i sinl500) va zj:5(cos7Ta+i tin700S z1'z2'zj=30(cos3600+isin3600).
--t).. ^.o,
ltl: z,--6(cos500+isin500) va z2:2(cosl50+i sirtl50tr z 1; 72=J(cosJ )- +t suxJ) )

(2 :r"( coswP+ i sin n(p)

Komplekssonlarninaturaldarajagako'tarishdaMuavr formulasidan foydalanamiz.,': fr(cos +i sinQ )J"

fv|:z:3(cosl50+isinl55 komplekssonnikubgako'tararniz. sinaS)=271{

z3=27(cos45')+i ' ' *'* f <t* I
, 1 2 , 1 2 ' #, 1 2
" l ^
M, z = *L + 1lL i komplekssonninglO-darajasinitoping.Avval berilgansonningmoduli va argumentinitopib, uni trigonometrik
E---a , -l-
t =iJz+
ko'rinishclayozibolam . .+ : y c o s r p = | : 1 = 0 5p = 6 0 0 , z = 1 . ( c o s 6 d - r - i s i n 6 tJF' )2 1 0 = ( c o s 6 0 C f r + i s i n 5- 0+0- +ot; =

it tr'rii,'r{'rri +-i}i}lilt?.t}i*i.S$fi
= ,"r( ro+ 360on . . <a+ 3600n)
Kornplekssondanildiz chiqarish: i/rlcos-+rsur-J n€ M; z:9(cos600+i sin600) dan kvadrat ildiz,olamiz.

,f, = 3{cos(:00+ 1800n)+ lsin(300+ 1800rr)} bunda rzuing o'rniga qanday butun sonlami qo'ymaylik 2 ta qiyrnat takror'lanib kelaveradi.
J z l e , r
' rt, ^:rj us-d a-ll
ri -
-'.;";-rtnol- - 3 r.6 I, ri-r
- rlr-^"nrno )t
z\vJ )\uJ

99,014,{t5.61
 :1' :" ;i i
":i
't 'Itosifaforwulakri.
L, tuturaffiab funfuila rtauningfrosifasi.
7 M.adufnirugliosif.xri,
rI (wi anQ6o'fina7an &;tj,atamq kssi.[nr1.
fu.n
( 'llyitiftnuqtafar.
s. Stationar nutltaldr"
a
llvlafuirnumua minimtun li fi.sfr.arti.
'Uztfullnuqtafa.ri,
q
t{o sifanh6 isli orttsi, mLinot an orafiqfed.
ic, Fun|_siyaniwbirorEgsmafagi ettghgttaloFj en4F4cfr.iF.Q4,nati.
11. Fwn|S$anhry rcfrlqorafiqdttgiengkprtay?j engfi,icfii{qilmati.

l. Flo-cilarai
topish amaliga differensiallash amali deyiladi. Hosila formulalari: tl.rl-ltri;l:rr -iiitlt':i$l:1.{it.rii

JTx,I {l r x" i.F)' log,, lnx

t I
f'(x) n'Xll-l d'lna e'+C I

x
f(x) 5''LY c'}s-r tgx ttg: arcsm)i arccosx
'@ cos); -stnx 1 ---:;-I
"f cof; S III'J
Bo'linmaninghosilasi
Yig'indi va ayirrnaning
f(x) arctgx afccrgx Ko'paytmaning
hosilasi
hosilasi
'au_,-tt-{/.,/$l
t
I I r\ir I = l !41
(f(x) x g(x.))'=f'(x)x g'(x)
I
f'(:;) (f(x) g(x))'.f (x)-g(x)+g' (x).J(x) \. s('9 / c2(x)
i +,Y. i+ )iz

1)blarqandai,sonninghosilasinolgareng.
c'=0. fvt:5'=0, =O (r*io) =o 2)(.v),:1.M, (5;r,),:J,
(2ax),=2o
i-+)
M,(x4),:4.r3;
"")ir'),:71.r,r-r (r,,r)':*o"o 4)(.6'),= - y=..6=(# ,,=+(#-'=*t+* =#
*T
5) {a''1'=n''1t
o (3')'=3-r7u3 7)(log",.)':i+; (togax)'=-f
17) Yig'indi va ayirmaninghosilasi: fi: (24sinx-15x3+llx'4x+j)'=24cosx-45x2+24x4+0

l8) Ko'pay4maning
hosilasi: fq: y:arcsinx'(3x2-4x+1; y,=#.(3x2-4x+l;+16x-4).arcsinx
- \ll Xz

t,r*)'=(fff)'= Ginx)'cosi:--&osr)slnx
19)Bo'tinmaninghosilasi: =**.1%f* =*h
",
M: y=!t2, u'=1 M: ,,=2-'" t'=-l Ir4: .,,= 3- . , ' = o ' ( 5 - r : 2 ) - 3 ' =5+= , . ' : 1 5
{5x-2)z (5x-2)2
'2. Ftrnksiyaning
argumentida
yanafunksiyaqatnashsa rnurakkabfunksiyadeyiladi. 1'4,5 iog3167:s* -1 , 5ctglxr+xy
Funksiyabil nechtafunksiyadantashkiitopganbo'lsa,u qavatlifunksiyahisoblanadi.I-t nechaxil fun{<siyadan
tashkiltopganho'lsa,
murakkabfunksiyahamshunchaqavatlibo'ladi. M' y= fl? L.r'- I 2 qavatli: 1-ildizli f-ya, 2-kvadratf'-ya.

5log3 $ity'ftfE +q 5 qavatii: l-logarifmik, 2-ildizli, 3-trigonomerrik,4-darajali, 5-kvadrarf-ya. yi,il rs.,nrir rtgii-!]ri.sli].€i,rj:l
Murakkab funksiyaning quyidagicha
hosilasi olinadi:harbir qavatdan
alohida
hosilaolamiz,
lekinularning
argumentlarini
o'zgartinnaymiz,so'ngra
buhosilalarni
ko'paytmako'rinishidayozamrz.
iv!: ,4y:tfijj:17x24)tt3 f=!{txz_4)ut-t Vx=_ ^,,W _
- 4)z
3.3r!(7xz
I

M. r-cts(r7+xj) v'=---;-f----' .:.{7x6 +3x2\ 3Sn04'"'1

slnzfx + xr) fi : 5 logl l-darcja,2-1og,3-ildiz,4-sin,5-ko'rsatkichli.

n - - Z
.logr$in(7a"+r; .* (sin(7+'*r))t'. g65(7a'*3).
t'= 7 .h 5 r
Jaxi .lnl .4
ilsin(74.t+r;
..
M, ,/i.r) 'l(7-3x)L
I -z -2-1
-!(Z-h)-T-'
.f(x)= (Z-3x)z, y,1x1=
j
.(2-3x)'
=-! t,- (o-3)=
";i. 15fr;
ftl: f(x)=(2x-3)213-zx;3bo'lsa, /"(:r) < 0 ni yeching Yechish:l(r) = (3-2x)s, f '(*)=
5.(3- L\)4.(Z)= -10.(3-2x)4,
.014.55.61
 f " ( * ) = - 1 0 ' 4 ' Q - 2 r c ) 3 ' ( 2 ) = s o ' ( r - 2 l ) ? ' 8 0 ' ( 3 - z t ) 3< o , 2x-3>0, J: x>1,5
'(tEPx)'=s-x!1-3v21'tg3x+g--r3'3-y-xr1-xztgf**;fu')
y'|-(e-x3)'|.tg1x+e-x3
M: y=e-r'tgpx #t

M:y=ffi -+Ex\sx =(+s#)1.

={4s..' =ffi=
v'=!es.'>-|.3'45x2 =ffi=i E
:# #
f r { : y = a 2+ b x - 3 x t* 5 r' =6-6r*$ M: ;'= ',tfi+b\t3 _
zJ;\Ff zJ^t
qiymatlarini
toping. "rt.t
qiymatlarinolga
funksiyaning
Mt f(x):s2x1n12x-1) tengbo'ladigan uning
nuqialarda hosilasining
e'"1n12"-lpg, e2'-doimmusbat,tashlabyuboramiz. ln(2x-l)=g,1:1, -f'U=e , 5ll ,:#== ,T'!r=+z
-
M:/="|ffi
l;-", 1
n=@
1 L4a-Lr)+2-(a+xz) - a:k --Affi-=
ktail_UJxz - ax-xz+41
r\aT6
;ffi
-1a-2x
@+T-=CWT6
la-2lx ,: r., ,.,

I4z l=osin.r64.699r Bunda,lna son. r'-iosin.r;'.ind'cosr*osin'rllna.cos-ri)'=4sin;1to'cosx'kta'co'stt+atilt(-halinx)=

= ssirrxlrln.[rro. cos2r-rin") f ,]'*,:rL fi:
iir?lgl]tl'pl.i.::.".i
ffi: 53cos5x-+cosl5x y' =-15sin5x-15sinl5x= -i5(sin5x+ sinl5x)= -15'2'sinl0xcos5x: -30 sinlOxcos5x

1 rrrr'! -'r-.* ...-,,:4: -i:11i.tc;il; ;lii.:i;. noiul :;l:,nl bii ,-;--*Lr

n;;;L;i JeL,l,;s;la ;'.:rmi:,b.l ';.ail; itanft! Llebl;s,h;1a,i,i-,
J. llaUUEIssrr {uJrs+5i!!.

modul ichini nolgateng deb hosila olganda bo'sh lslplam bo'ladi'

I f(x)>o bo'lsav=f(x) y' : -f'(x) fx > 4 bo'lsaY'= 3

y:l(x)l'= ],ft*). q bo'lsay= -f(x) y'1 /'(.r) f'(x)={x<| bo'lsat':-Z
t "f@)=0,bo'lsaY=oY'=
g t x=Zda y':9
fx= (-"o;-1)u(6;q)da y'=2tr=5
lv1:ylx2-5x-61 y' =1 x=(l;6)d9 v' =-2x+.s
I x=-lva 6 da Y''g
'(6)=? 'Yechisli: *=6 da, -3, modulichi manfiy. 7ft5:-x2+t+x-lS
t4t f(x)=lx2-l4x+451bo'lsa, f f(6):3G84+45=
-ll+lQ=Z. Jz 2
.f'(6): ]x+l+=

sin2x:0, sin2x=I,x=ft+nt SInZX-I" X--;+101

I

Lsittzt, y' = -Zcss2x \

3tr sn?-l, y' = ZcosLr

p1:5ll2x-1f41 y'(1)=? Yechish:x:l da2x-l musbat,y=124-141, i-l2x-51, y:-2x+5, y':-2'

4. Turi aniqbo'lmagan,ya,ni asosdaham darajadahamo'zgaruvchiqatnashgan funksiyaninghosilasiquyidagichaolinadi:

l-usul. Bundayfunksiyalarni1 martadarajali, I martako'rsatkichlifunksiyadebalohida-alohidahosilaolib, hosilalarniqo'shamiz.
yi + yz: x*+ ;d'/rev: x''(lnx+ 1)
14,),:i /i =x'f-/:x' darajalif-ya !z=x''hu ko'rsatkichlif-ya
y'nitoparniz.
2-usul.Funksiyaningikkala tomonini fn lab yuboramiz.Ikkalatomondanham hosilaolamiz.So'ngrashundan

I) y:x' lny:1n*' (tty)'=(xlttx)' j" , = i 'ln'r+ "r'+ y,:y.(lw+J) ,t:ar'(lw+l)

.
2) y=(sinx)x2+x lryt=tott^O'** ltty:(x2+fi'lnsmx j r' =(2.r+l)lnsinx+(x2+ x)-J-cos.r

y' = (sinx)xz+x.[a + l)ln sinx + (;r2+ ^*ts]

5. Funksiya hosilasini nolga aylantiradigar,rrngqtalaryoki hosilarnavjud

nuqtalar funksiyaning 'kritik nurifilari deb ataladi.(x1;x2;x5;x7)
bo'lmaydigan
Ekstremum nuqtalarnisonlaro'qidanuqtabilanbelgilayrniz. Modutichini

+F9999"8i
 Funksiyaniughos*aeri,ya'ltiy':zv--s r= (-co;2,sroraiiqda
manfiiy*chun flin*siyaningrr,zi shuoiariqdakainay*r,:hi
hisoblanadi'Jr: [25; oraliqdamrisbatutlliunfunlisiyaning
"o) o'zi shu or.aliqdao,sn'chidir"r.9-rejagaasosan)
Lieffiak, l:?'-{ nuqta minimum nuqta, eltstrernum nuqta,
iileoblanadi, -r:.r.'xi,,,ir:* -rljiijl:irij.tr:r.ii
Iriii!.1 rrur:trta ij:: ,..

-? ?q

6'7' Ftrosllanoiga teng bo'ladigan nuqtalaf ctatsionar

nuqtaiar deyiladl. Bunga eksh.emumb-n huriiish
Eurilish nuqtadahosila nolga teng, ammo hosiia'ing ishoralar nilqtalar t<iradi.(x1; x3; x5; x6j
chizig"tbu nuqta atrofida ishorasini o,zgartrrmaydi;
kamayuvchiligicha,o'suvchi bo'lsa, o,suvchiligicha qola,Ii. karna,r,'r,chibc,,lse,
1v1:5(x-tir
y':3ix-1)2 xSi daham,x>1 da hamy,musbat
+ )l + Demak,x:i nuqtastarsionarnuqia,
(y'doim musbatdegani- funksiyadoim o,suvchidegani)"
1 burilish nuqta,ekshemurnnuqta
Hosilagraflgining"+" dan" - " ga o'tishnuqtasimaksimum,,i-,,dan,.+,.ga
o,tishnuqiasiminimuiri
nuqta hisoblanadi. Y*qoiidagi graiikiri so*lar o'qida tas'irlaymiz.
ri:ri,r:1:iq,,:*-l-gii)il;..:jtil:-;iii
-;i.:tj
--r+#
7x1
x I-nrni x2,x7-modulli;x3,x,;_burilish
; xa_uziiistr;x5_1'&x.,'uota
x2't=1rvxu rsVx)vx"

fi: -1,-i-* stafsionarnuqtaiarinitoping y , = i - 7l = 0 , R

funlcsiyaning -
; r r = 1 6 ,x = 1 4

41- 3-r)r
l'4t y =
f+ tunksiyarring
ekstremum .- .
nuqralari-: i,,=4r--:':r'111,__2r+1)
niroping. =}ffi= =u
ts| kastlo]ea,Ieng bo'ioh.naydi,
shuninguchunftinksiyaniirgekstrenium
*fiu
nuqialari(ekstremumi) yo,q.
Mty=2'o"'funksiyaningekstremumnuqtalarinitoping. y'=2ssrln2.(-sin4=g , 2"o.,,va ln2nitashlabyubommiz,bulardoim
musbat, -sinx=0, ya'ni, | =-sinx funksiya grafini qaraymiz.
"'.-l-"
dan"-" ga o'tgannuqtalar -hr,0,2r,4n... r :)mt
-t1ld I
"+" ga o'tgan nuqtalar -1r,tt,3ft,... ,.;ntin=lt+?Jl1 /-t \
/
/*\. - \ l
/+
_ Stt E /*3n r\ 5n /
\-; /4 ; L
\+ /r1l
\ , .
\ - , / , /

Nl: y = 3 cosx-l funksiyaning

ekstremnm
nuqtalarinitoping.
/ ' = - 3 s i n + ( - # = * ' * * = o x * 0 , s i n a= 0 , r = J - , n + 0 ,n = r l , + 3 , + 5 , . .-.=d+a, + , + , * , * "
!=n, O"
ildizlarnifunksiyagaetibqo'ysak,
y:3cos(-3n,-tr,7T,3E,Sjr,...):3.(-l):_3.;
n=12,+.1,td,...da
r=+,+,+,*,.0"
ildizlarnifunksiyagaetibqo'ysak,
y:3cos(4n,-2n,2n,4n,6n,..)=3.qty=3^"_
J: x.in=;+^, x^*=fi, n+0.
I' Funksiyaningo'zi ham' hostiasiham ma'noga ega bo'lmagan
nuqtalar uzilish nuqtalardir (xa). uzilish nuqialari sonlar
italqa oiian oiirracii,o'sisti lra'rayisir orairg'lga irarn ki'nayoi. o,qida
Buiarga nxsol assrmptota ehtzrqlari,maxraldagiiidiziar,...
f(x)= i1(x;:h/
9. 0'sish kamayish oralig'iga monoton oraliq deyiladi. y,.0
karnayishoralig,i, y,>0 o,sish oralig,i hisoblanadi. Funksivanine

t tn
o'sishoralig'initopingdesa;,'20ni yec6ishkerak. itu1,
' r ,: * = l',1+
' ) - =L
lnu .,,: ",1
A.S. ::>0
"{=-ir,-" ! r i -,,1
y

r(0;l) s, (l;el da y'< 0, ya'nifunksiyashuoraliqdaJ; x=[e;*) day' >0, yi'iil.zu4r,.,ru.shuoraliqdaI

;
li.{-1't,*o_:ri,:::,;i.$j'+Bi,lg.i:.ili,j.,ii,r.i:
,1
''--i

f I I7x1-1I 5xs-3x3+9x+3 funksiyaning o'sishkamayi shoralig,initoping.

y'=x6-x4-9x2+9 = ;{x2- t )-9(*r- t ) : (x+t .r+,,i X _ '[ io
)(x- I )(x2+3X
"
;r, f+ ,'=
x=(-*;--61u[-l;l]t,1..6;.o)
da yf daytr -Jz _\.:?/
-l
\=/.

":["-S;-l],-,,It;.,6] I Jt

+99899.014.65.61
{4, y:x(l+Z Jx ) funksiya o'zining butun A.S.da doirn o'suvchi yoki kan:ayuvchi ekanligini ko'rsating. \'ochish: 4.9. n = [0; oo)
'') -
),'=1'(l+zJx1+x\--!-)=l+zJx *J* =l+3G, .rningo'miga y'=r$Ji ifodadoim
[0;co)oraliqrlagisonlarniqo'ysak,
lal x

musbat son chiqadi.Hosila doim musbat degani- funlksiyadotm o'suvchi degani.

fi: k ning qandayqiymatlariday=lo'-sinx funksiya o'zining A.S.da kamayadi. l'echislr: A.S. x = (-m;co)da f-ya hosilasidoim
manfiy bo'lishi kerak degani. !^:k-casx< 0, cosx> k bu tenglik ayniy bo'lishi uchun k < -l
M: g(x)=xr.(1; t<am^ chi funksiya bo'lsa, quyidagi ifoda doim o'rinli bo'ladi. Yechish: Funksiya kamayuvchi bo'lishi uchwr
'(t) .0 '(r) < -3lx)
g '(x) < 0 'bo'lishi kerak. g'(x) + 3x2 fl.r)+x'-t l, *' J: .t'l

10. l'unksiyaning yopiq oraiiqdagi fa;bl eng katta yoki eng kichik qiymatini toping desa: hosila olib nolga tenglashtirdmiz, topilgan
ildizlardan shu oraliqqa tegishlilarini hamda beritrgankesmaning ikki chetidagi ildizladni (a va b ni) funtrrsiyagaetib qo'yamiz. llosil

bo'lgan ildizlardan funksiyaning shartiga qarab engkatta yoki eng kichigini tanlaymiz. lvl: ;r = + - + funksiyaning [-0,5;2]

kesmadagieng i<attava eng kichik qiyrnatini toping. y'=n0-:ta:xn4x2-1;=0 ;<1:0 xz= -i x::1 x2 -bu oraliqqa kirmaydi.
1 | 1 1 I ---_ tlt 1? )
y(0)=0 y{l)=i-T=-5- } , { - 0 , 5 ) = - E hn * o ' O , O O t y ( 2 ) = i - ! : - 4 t 2 x:l da j,*in=-3 x = 2 d a! n . * = 1 2

Nl. | - cos2 sin.r funksiyaningx e [0;a]kesrnadagi

engkattavi engkichik qiymatinitoping.
f
,'=Zcosi(sinf 'jsinx+coszZcos.t=coslt"oslcosr-sinjsrn.r)=cos .otf =U, xr:r+tm, n={Jtla x- r

,, = * tt:O da, :+, n : 7 d a x = r l l d u l a r s h u o r a l i q q a t e g i s h lli0. ) = c o * O ' s i n O : q

t T
f i n ) = c o *$ ' si n n =0
t(4 )=co szft..i "++=
+=+ Demak, dayoln= 0,*= +duy** = +
x:0va.r =a
11. Funksiyanibiror ochiq oraliqda eng katta yoki eng kichik qiymatini toping desayoki oraliqni bermasa,funksiyadan hosila ol ib
nolga tenglashtiramiz,ildizlarini topamiz, topilgan ildizlardan shu oraliqqategishlilarini funksiyagaetib qo'yamiz. Hosil bo'lgan
qiymatlardan funksiyaning shartiga qarab eng katta yoki eng kichigini tanlaymiz. 1"1'5 -x2-6x+7 firnksiyaning (-5;0) orliqdagi eng
kattaqiymatinitoping. y'=-2x-6=0 x:-3 y(-3):*9+18+?=16 .I:16 !-')'i:lgjc,l' -i$Stl']S:';llif:ll.tl
fi: a ning qandayqiymatlarida y:)s'-ae-"+(2a+ l1x-3 funksiya son o'qining barchanuqtalaridao'suvchi bo'ladi?

'l'echis;h; 2ex+!+(24+1)>0
O ' s u v c h i b o ' l a d id e g a n yi ' > 0 b o ' l i s h i k e r a k d e g a n i . ) ) ' = ? E x + a e - x + ( z f i + 1 ) > 0 ,

2ez,+(2a+r)er;+a - - 2 a - l ! ( ! t " - t ), e {= - a , , r = - +
* =2 -et u n t l x J 4 * : q " n t - a ' z * @ x + a ) \ eA_>xor
er+a)0bo'lishi uchunesa,7'161=lO;w) bo'lishikemk .-
ichidoimmusbat,tashlabluboramiz.
Ikkinchiqavsning
N1;axl+bx+c icvadratuchhad
x:Sdanolgaaylanadihamda
x:6 da-l2gatengengkichikqiymatniqabulqiladi.
J;+b+c ni
'r+cliisfr:
toping. (8;0),(6:-12)nuqtalarshutunksiyagategishli,-{-t;:iZ;%:, .y'= 0 debyechsak,yo minimum,yo
nuqtanitopganbo'lar edik.Bundaminimumnuqtatopilganva u 6 ga teng. -y' = fun + b : O 2a.5+b=0. 1-isternani
maksimunr
Lour ul 'tL:
-i
ta}ma-tag4yirsak,va 11-.1^
tL-14, ^a=3,
-a L - -35,
b= 1c ^-.,1 . o 1r | ^
0=64'3-8'36+c, ^-^r
c=96. f-
Ja+b+c :$46+%
E--;e =[63
l;;
O= l2a+b 1.2

: Ay= fk+Lr)-.f(x)
Frurlrsiyaorttirmasitenglarnasi f{: f(:t): -y+)l funksiyaning.r: -? nuqtadagiorttilmasini
toping.Bundaargumentorttirmasi Lx = 0J ga teng.if r:riiish: f(-2+0,1): -1,92+2(-i,g\---7,41 f(-21=-2t-2.r:r
t\y = f(x + Ax)- "f{x) = f F t 9) - f (-2) = -7,4I + 8 = 0,5e

-f99899.ii14"o5.61
 -r.':.:i
. d , . . ; f\ j / ; ' - : . : rj " l . , . i i " ' j l i S . l j

1" 3=fft)_fun
b.g
i;vaga a't16zifuan.u inrc.m
"
-3. I{a sifaningg earnetd{m a' n.osi.
3. flbmmftenglarna-rt.
4. ffo si {aninafi z i fr-(mea*niF) m.n'nasi.
5. Iib;l fay rdami,Ja -yecfri t-a(tig
ctn ma:afa[*,
1. Agal fo'giri chiziq rflx) fli'ksiya grafigigabiror nuqiada
ur.insa,1tiu
'- '.-
te.,g,riihiziqqa
t
urinna deyiladi.
Fu'l'csiyani'g bir+rn,;,;iasr.iegr -fu,.r.uiyugl:lr n!!r.drn o'rkazilgan
rrr--silasi uri'maning
burehakkoeffitsiyentini { rg* ni",tni) totrribberuOi.flqAp-= 1gs]
-,:t.:*:'lu-frrnksivaga xp: -l huqtadu
o'tkurilgan*iniltenglamasini (chiziqlif-yani)ruzing.
l;Tt"j )'=kx.+b

u'?T':ut xo=-l urinish

nuqtasi
runksiyaga
hamurimnaga
:::f::-ll-l]:l I,T,!_t):5]: , ya,ni-t ni ikkita
harntegishri,
chiqadi r-r;i j"l,"l
3f:::::::::.",,T::j,.]:lr"*"yi,Tl:', Dernak
k:l (yuqoridatopildi)]:l-x+b, -]=1.(_l)+b b=4"",q",-;;;;"r"-;_,;iruJ,"J;i.rrjlll-_*.r, \ t ,J/

.rS*F:iL..;{:iiE.,il:i(i:l
J: 1_l.x+4 ll.t]l.;.*....ir.lrr
r.syr4 ur ruur4E;,a rJ4rlr tgglsnll.

iI- tisul,formulabilan. y:f(x) funksiyagaA(x6;yl nuqtada -urinma

o'tkazilgan tenglamasi: +
Yuqoridagimisolda,)El(x+tr)+3, y=x+(
f"l: Agarr=kx+bto'grichiziq(-1 ;-1)nuqtao'qali o'tsavaoxa'qibilantzburchakhosil
qilsa,kvabnitoping.
Bwdaa=-4
Y e u : h i skJ=i :t s a = r s ( - 3 0 0 1 = - * - l = - * t - U * b , b = _ t _ +
J3 J: J:
i4'y=f(x)funksiyagrafigigaxeabsissalinuqtada:o'tkazrlganurinmabilanor:o'qiorasidagiburchaknitoping.Bunda
v'1:
f@ = --+=
1'"cchisJi: -J- = -JT = Ea. q,= t20u
-rr/.v JJJ
2" Ftrosilaning
geonretrik
ma'nosi: f-ya hrrsilasini
olishdegani- urinmaning
burchakkoeffitsiyentinitopisho.guni =ElJ,("dl
ftl; f(x)=9,5*a-2x5+x3 ir,
6rnLtltaningx6:2 nuqtasigao'tkazilganurinmatenglamasini
tuzing. y,=3*r-10*r+3*,
1a:y'121=3'25-l -52
lt'2a+3.22= F= -52xrb -iq
t1z1=o,s.iu.-z.zs+zr= e;_2alu*inish nuqtas
i _24: _52.2+b b:80

1:rly=f(x) funksiyagrafigiga;r:0absissalinuqtadao'tkazilgan
ulinrnabilanoyo,qi omsidagiburchaknitoping.
1)lF) =sm 2x- ln(.r+l), ,
"f (0)=Zcos2x_;f = 2 a = 450- b1 Ox o'qi bilantashkilqilgan
irurr;lrak.Ay o qr biian esa F = 90,45u:45u tashkiletadi.

2- funksiyauchunurinmaienglamasi: yz=-1.(x-fi)+l: _x+l

It+d 1
rcdr=l+i:1$; =A'O T a n g e n9s0 0 d a b o ' s h t o ' p l a m
D .e m a k o
, =T,

Nl' v = 2G t'a v = 2"t6-| fi.rnksiyararning

grafigi qandayburchakostidakesishadi.
Awalbuikkitunksiyaningkesishishnuqrasinitopamiz.
zG=zJil, x=3 (xs=3) yi(3)=#=#=tga=kr

+99899.014.65.61
 1 1
yil)=+=-+=tsd=k2 ,r*=ffi=,;F,
La^t[z t-
q =+
,13 +=J',
z ,,,=t
-
vo-r vJ
.fu-;b
pf: Berilganikki funksiyaninggrafiklari bitta umumiynuqtagava bu nuqtadaumumiy urinmagaega
ekanliginiko'rsating,shuurinrnatenglamasiniyozing. yt = (x+2)2 va yz = 2- x2 Awal bu ikki
funksiyaningkesishish(umumiy)nuqtasinitopamiz: (x+2)2:2-x2 S.*"rtq*ii +'$$gilt!.014.6i;.{fr
x2+4x+4=2-x2, Zx2+4x+Z=A,x:-l:xo. y(-1)=(-l+2f:1:yo (-l;l)- buurinishnuqtasi.
yt'(xs)=Tx+2)=\-l+2)=2 va ys'(xs)=-V|=-21-l)=2. Urinmatenglamasi: 5-J(x+l)+l=2x+3

ivl: (x)=r3-x-l va g(x)=3x2-4x+legrichiziqlarga o'tkazilganurinmalarparallelbo'ladigannuqtalamitoping.Shuurinmalarning

tenglamalariniyozing. 1'er:hish:Ikkita urinrnatengtamalariparallelbo'lishi uchunularning klari tengbo'lishi kbrak.Funksiyalar
uchunurinmalarining&sini topamiz, y'r:3xz-l-kr lz=6x4:kz 3x2-l:6x4, x2-2x+1=0, x:l:xo yo=13-1-1-1, (1;-l)
yo:3.124.1+1=0,(l;0), Demak,l-funksiyaning(1;--l)nuqtasigao'|tkazllgan urinmabilan2-tunksiyaning (1;0)nuqtasiga
bir-birigaparallelbo'ladi. Endishuurinmatenglamalarining
o'tkazilganurin{nalar ko'rinishinitopamiz. y: y'(xoXx-xo)+y(x6)dan.
y'r(xo)=31-t=2, 52(x-1!1=2x-3 y'r1xo;=0.t+=2, r2(x-l)+0=2x-2

ir,f;a ningqandayqiymatiday:at+4 to'g'ichiziq y = -19 n *riyaning urinmasibo'ladi? Ye,;hish:,=y'(xfi'(x-xo)+y(xa)=ax+4

, l0 10 l0 - !0,-- !{)_ ! 0 . . ' : , 0 = u.i+4.
r0=,hs4 !=j, v\rq= J 4 - , 0 r = - ; , t = : 1 ' t x - , t o ; - E - = k ' t - t + #- - trurrodaayniyatuchun
r;, .Xg
.,
-!=1,
knik gatenglashtiramiz.
ozodsonniozodsonga, .h=-5 :r"
ff
M: A(2;:5) nuqtadan
o'tuvchi va y:x2-6x+5 paraholaga winiuvchi to'g'ri chiziqningurinishnuqtasiabsissalari
ko'paytmasinitoping.
(.16larningko'paytmasinitoping)F.&Te +9'ii"q*S.f'1.&.S8.61

tuzamiz.!' =?-x-6, y'(xo)=2ro-6,

Yechish:Awalurinma tenglamasini Ard-- ii-6't+5,
y = @ . c 0 - O ( r - r d + . r e - 6 ' x s +=5Z t v t - 4 - 6 x + 5 = ( \ - Q . x - x f r + ! A ( 2 ; 5 ) - +5 = Q x o - 6 1 . 2 - f i + 5 , x]-4xo+2=0
asosan
Viyet teoremasiga ko'paytmasi2 gateng. J:2
absissalar
ffi: To'g'ri chiziq y = $ lUunda,k>0) giperbolagax0nuqtaliabsissada
urinadi.Shuurinmava kordinatao'qlari bilan chegaralangan

uchburchakyuzini toping.Yec'l-.islr:.Yo= io Ca,y' = -J- i@')=-#, onr,=+, v=-ft\'-il*f -u'*'*tenglanrasi

x2',
ShuurinmaningOx va Q, o'qlarinikesgannuqtalarinitopamiz.(0;y), (x;0)

k * k =T,
u = - 4 f o' - i )"' + !Jg= -rb 0 = - 4 f t - . ,-'. ) n.Yi! . 4 r - - 4rb-
'
x0" )0 'rg *0' jr'' ,TN

T B U n i n g l u ztit: s = t m = | ' ,r=*

*L
3. Normal tenglamasi y--f(x) funksiyagrafigigax=xa absissalinuqtadao'tktuilgan urinmagaperpendikulyarbo'lganto'gri chiziq

tenglamasini topibberadi.
-
4. Hosilaningfizik ma'nosi:yo'l,ienglamasidan(S=v't)hosiliLolsak,tezlik tenglamasiniberadi S'(q=v1q, tezlikdanhosilaolsak,
beradi- v'(t)=a(t) yoki Srr(t)=a1q i
tezlanishtenglamasini
5t+14
fvl: S(t1=31'-1 qonuniyat bilan harakatlanayotganjism: 1) q'ancha vaqtdankeyin to'xtaydi. 2) nechametrdanso'ngto'xtaydi
3) harakatboshlangan paytda qanday erishadi'
tezlanishga
1) jism to'xtaydideganiv=0 degani.v:S': 6t-15:0 t=2,5sek. 2\3(2,5)=3.252-12.2,5+14{'.7-5 m danou'.n5to',ataydi.
=
;1) a-,"=$":1 5t-l5)' 5 nJsef
f{; S(t)=1/3t3-2{+5t+6 qonuniyatbilan harakatlanayotgan jism: 5 sek.ichidaqanchayo'lni bcsibo'tadi,4 sek.dan keyingic'rriy
tezligi qancha,nechasekunddankeyin engkichik tezlikkaelishadi,3 sekunddan keyir:gi toping'
tezlanlshrni
l) i=5, S:? S(5)=l/3.53-2.52+5.5+6=22m. 2)t=4;v=? ""-S(4Ft'?-4t+5=l6ii5+5:5nlsek. 3)t=? V",i"=r24t+5:
(t-Z)1-i=[t;-] demak,r=2 sek,cla v:tr m/sekengkiahiktezlik. a=,? a=v'{t)=2t-4=2"34=2rnlsek1
,/4tri3.
5, 14:Ikkisoriningyig'indisi l5gateng.Ulamingko'paytmasiengko''pibilanaechabc'laoladi? 3+;:15 x'!^^=? x:tr5-Y

15-2y=0" y:7,5 x=7,5 (r'y)** = 7#'7i = 5625

{15-y)'y--l5v-f hosilaotarniz.
pl: 360soninishunday uchbo'lakkabo'lingki, tr-va 3- sonlar1;2kabinisbatdabo'lsinva uchchalasining ko'paytmasiengkatta
bo,lsin. Ll x x+y+lx=lf x.y.2x=wax=? .7=350-3x [x'{360-3x)'2x]'=$ {720xr-6xr1'=p
180 I
t'ln ll:o i-ar'o 0, ;s=80'1E120
l't4br-18x2
I ?xjn6Cr
Htr.
GV +99899"S14.65,61
 F.u''t:':l-+r:ri,-ig83Bii,.t}3f4rii$.*-1i
ffi: Asosilzgava ungattrshirilganbalandligih gatengbo'lganuchburchakichigaparalXelogram
shundaychizilganfti,parallelogannning bir tomoni a asosdayotadi.Parallelogramning
yuzi eng kattah,r'lishi
uclruiruningasosinifuni.lqandaytanlabolishkeralc?
Snu,.:1,.y,
):? +=+ x=ah;b'
\ti_i;;'./;
- h)'- ahY-bt h - 'th
t: r, . lh - =h1'-;)'2,
* a s'=h-f l=a, air-2h50, a:27', y:a/z.

f{is*l: orningqandayqiymailarida.r2+(2-nt)x-3m-3=0tenglamaildizlarikvadratlar.iningyig"indisiengkicliikbo,ladi?
xi+xl=7
lJ,.,,L:-1.. -- -L-, - ..- n
? = xf +xi: (;r1+ ri)r -Zyx, = Qn-2)z -Z\-hn -3\ = nz2+ Zm+10
A t 1 ,
, Lr-irrnr!" ^I | ^2- tLrL, Al'n2 - -Jlll-J,

?'=2m+2=0, m=-1.
fi: Tomonia bo'lgankvadratshaklidagikartondanto'g'ri to'rlburchakshaklidagiusti ochiq qgti yasashkerali.Bundakvadratrning
chetlariniqirqib,hosilbo'lganchetlzu'ni
buklashkerak.Qutininghajmiengkattabo'lishiuchunqutiningbalandligiqandaybo,lishi
kerak. ;:7

E.tlY:+"j

x a-2x x a-2x

Yecliisl,: Quti parallelepipedshaklidabo'lib, uning hajmini topishuchunb o'yi (a-2x), eni(a-2x) va balandligini ko'payirish
{x)
kerak. V:(a-2x)(a-2x)(x=(a-2x)2.x, V/=2(a-2x).(-2).x+(a-2il.t=0 (a-2x)(-4x+a-2x)=g, a-2x=0, x;a/2 (bujwob
to'g'rikelmaydi), -6x+a=0, J: xr=s76 |
fvl: Asosi kvadratbollganto'g'ri burchakliparallelepipedshaklidagiuStiochiqmetal idishga32 / suyuqlikketadi.Idishning
o'lchantlariqandaybo'lgandauni yasashgaengkam metalsarflanadi? Yeehish:Quti parallelepipedshaklidabo'lib asoslarinia,
balandliginib bilan belgilabolamiz.Uning hajmi V=a'a'b:32 I :32 dnf . Bundan, b:32/ a2.Uni yasashga engkam meta!sarflanadi
d e g a n d a s i r t i y unzai z a r d a t u t i l a S
d i=: a ' a + a b * a b + a b + a b : a 2 + 4 asb:,a 2 + + a \ = o r * 1 1 8 ,
",=r-#=0,
a=4, b=2
'
[
il

fvi:Quyidagi l-rasmda /(y' funksiyahosilasininggrafigi berilgan.shungaasosanf(x)

.' ' funksiyaningo'sish va kamayishoralig'ini toping. I
I
Yechish:funksiyaning o'sishva kamayishoralig'inihosilaningishorasianiqlabberadi,
ya'ni '(x)< 0 karnayish
. -f orcliq, f (:r) > 0 o,sishoratiq hisoblanad
i. Shungako'ra,
1' 1 : (_co;-4lv[5;m)dafir"loiyut 1 :[*4;5]datunksiyal.

M' 2-chizmade(-l 1;3) oraliqdaaniqlangan f(x) funksiyahosilasininggrafigi

tasvirlangan.Nechta nuqtada/(.vJ funksiya grafigigaurinma"jt;=.r-J15'9'1!
chiziqqaparallelbo'ladiyoki u bilanustma-usitushadi?
Yechisir:Urinmabilan5x-5 to'g'ri chiziqparallelbo'ladiyoki u bilan
ustma-usttushadideganift lari tengbo'ladi degani.5x-5 da k:I ga.
y'(*o):k, y'(*o)=t. Buf(x) tunksiyahosilasininggrafigi nechrax6
nuqtalardaI ga tengdegani. Bular rasmdanuqtalarbilan belgilangan.
(taqriban-10,2 ; -6,2 ; -l;2,7 ) J: 4 ta
Agar misol shartiday:2x+3 to'g'ri chiziq bilan deyilganda:k=2 bo'lar
Z-rasm edi.Hosilagrafigi6 ta nuqtada2 gatengbo'lib, J: 6 ta bo'lar edi.

'(x)
Fl' 3-rasmday = f funksiyagrafigi tasvirlangan.y--f(x) funksiyaninggrafigiga[-2;3] oraliqda ox o'qigaparallelbo'lgan nechta
urinmasibor? Yechish:Hosila grafigidanfoydalanib yf(x) funksiyagrafigini [-2;3] oraliqdayasaymiz(4-rasm.)Hosilaning
ishorasi(-o;-l)u(0;l)u(3;0)damusbatuchun y=f(x)funksiyashuoraliqlardao'suvclai, (-l;0)u(1;3)damanfiyuchun
y'(x/ funksiyashuoraliqlardakamayuvchibo'ladi. x= + I ; 0; 3 nuqtalardagiurinmalar Ot o'qiga parallelbo'sdi J:,4 ta

+99899.014.65.61
 +8999.q.$1'{ssfi

'(x) funksiyagrafigi tasvirlangan. y:f(x) firnksiyaningnechtamaksimumnuqtasibor. Yecitish:

M: 3-rasmday = -f [-2;3] kesmada
mumki
Funksiyadanhosila olib, teng nol deb yechsak,maksimum-minimumnuqtalarnitopgan bo'lamiz. 3-rasmdanko'rish
-
hosilaninolgaaylantiradiganildizlar -l ;0;I ;3. Shundan"+ "dan "-" ga o'tish nuqtalari I va I max. nuqtalardir. I| 2 ta

foy{alanib y=f(x) funksiya grafigigax!-2ya x2+1 absissalinuqtaiaridao'tkazilganurinmalarorasidagi

[r,j:.3-,rasmdan

k1:/'(2)=-r. kz:-f(-l):0
\''i--chish:
toping. tlr=ffi=fffi =:' I: tp=450
parallel bo'ladi deyi
fuf:Agar 2-misol (2-chizma)shartidanechtanuqtadaf(x) fix*siya grafigiga o'tkazilganwinma Ox o'qiga
quyidagiehaishlaaadi.Urjnma O;uo'qiga parallelbo'lishi uchun/,rJ funksiyaningnxaxyo nliz o'tishi
nuqtasidan kerak.Brurday
-6,8;4,9;2,5 ) J: 4ta
yoninnuqtalar,ya'nihosilaninolgaaylantiradigannuqtalar4ta(taqriban-10;

Alisul: y=r' paraboladanA(3:0) ntqtagachabo;lganmasofanitoping.c=? Yechish: nuqtadan

parabolagacha masofadeganda- nuqtadanparabolaning
biror winmasiga900ga boruvchikesma
':2+ y '(xd = Lto
urinmatenglamasinituzamiz:y
(to'g'ri chiziq)tushuniladi.Parabolaga
y(xs)=rbz, l, = 2xo(x-&) +x02=Lxo' x - x6 bunda,t=2xa ga' EndiA(3;0)nuqtadan o'tuvchi
perpendikulyar
tenglamasiga bo'lishi kerak. a,
5kx+b to'g'ri chizig'imiz bu urinma 5kx+b
to'g'r-iohiziq(3;0)nuqtadano'tsa, 0=3k+b, b= -3k, 5kx-3k=k(x-3). To'glri chiziqlar
k =-+' k:-+, :' x0niparabolagaham; / .rs
llu**sg, 3 ;
peryendikulyarbo'lishiuchun ,=-+ro
f.s r+€irlv *:u r*nn'
2 tata'g'richiziqqahametibqo;yruL xo2chiqadi'Shundant6 = -tl-<"0 -:1, c= r['224 =6
ro=1. Pifagordan .l:.6

tz
tlrffT funksiyagrafiginiyasang.Buning uchunfunksiyaningishorasi,ekstlemumnuqtalariva,qiymatlari,o'sishkamayish
Lix : z) - xz't - 2x2- 4x- x2 : {* -a) : n
oraliqlarikerakbo'ladi. r'= (x-42
' '*,-"t
,^^=i,,rr"r,,*r*ii;"
x**=:b,
y(0)=0 y(4)=s
1: (-co; 0l t-r[4 ; oo)da y 1', x : [0 ; 2)u.r(2 I 4] da y J

*+x6
funksiyagrafigini yasang.!':24x3 -24xs : ?4x311-xz1: o
Yuqori qisrn"*" bo'lishi kerakedi lekin,
qavsichidagix2ning koeffrsentimanfiy ,
bo'lgani uchunishoralarnialmashtiramiz.
x,,,^=Xl da y:6'14:1:2
x,,r;u:0 da YeO
1=4<o;-lluLt0iflaa yt 7 i= [ - 1 ; 0 ] u r [ l ; c o ) d a y J

'rbl:hish: , o-(-t(G2 +\+(x-2)'2x

14, y' =;-1;f ., funksiyagraiiginiyasang. t-
(x-2)(* +l.t - {r2 +172(x-212
T

ko'rinyaptiki,flinksiyan = (-co;tlur[1;2)u{2;.d t1ao'suvqhi,

ishoralar.chizlg"ician
Hosrlaning

r=t{;rldakamaluvchi. r= y^*=2;7 .r= lda !nin=25 Endifirnksiyan*:"':t*i.

\da
isharalarianiqlaymiz.Suratninolgaaylantiradiganildizyo'q, x=2 maxrajninolgaaylantiradigan

ildiz, x2+leloimrnusbattashlaiayuboranriz.tsittatoq ildiz bo'lganiuchunpastdanch-izishnibcshlaymiz.

 -5 rllaafiSrucliun yu1*l:ig* ':-:",,.pe5;tga"*" qef
i's1111;. Eu d+gani"';- (--;2) da
grafrk Sruqorttla,.r = ( 2 ;co.J,
oraliqdia gr afik pastda.jo"viasiiad!.

f,,r: Cirizmadar=f(x) funksivagzfigi rasvir{angau. r0 tengsizlikiri[-6;6]

4*
I l^,'
kesrnadagi yechimlarinifoprng.Yechish:lcasrnoldankertiabo,'trshi uchunsu-a[rre
rnaxi'ajbir veqtningo'zida 3'omusbatyo manfiy bo'lishi l:erak. ;r = ( - co; - 6 i
oraiiqdafrrnksiya kamal'uvc hi bo'lganiuchunhosilasinwttfit,,flinksil'api6g51'"1
esachizrnadan ko'rinrbturibdiki .r c'qidanyuqorida: nnrsbat. Bir oraliql,echim
lro'lolmavdi"'r = ( - 6 ; - 4 j oraliqdafunksiyakamaliurrchilro'igani uchunhosilasi
manh,, flinksiyating o'zi ham manfiv.Bu oraliqyechimbo'ladi. eolgan oraliqlarham
r . r r . { r I i c i ' ' ' - . I l *q 'i r' ti r.r l " l ; r ' . ; ? ; * ^ , { i | . ' ' _ -/ .!" ] \ ' -,a/ ' ,
ylrrlr€si. d. _r-l )\Jl IJ). u)ul+,J )
 F!,JNKSIYANI
TEKSHIRISIT

l. (lhiznrada y : f {x} frrrrl<siva gra{igi

tasr.irlarrglan. xyx2,xs, ...,x7 bo'lgan
n r r q t a l a r d a n e c h t a s i d a{ u n k s i v ah o s i l a sm
i rrstrat
bo'latli'l

5, Chizmild.r (-3;9) ir:rten'aldli aniqlingilr V =

f,(:r:i ftrnl'si].4 g.rullgi Lusvirlirrrgan. Funltsiva
lir-rsilasi ril u$L)aL Lru'lairliguri fr-urlisi-'a gru figiuiu g
L,utun ko,rrdinataIi nuqtalari nechta?
i.,.':.'t'i:,jii)1ir-!j!itiil?-r
i_t.i.,!5

2, (lhiznrada y = f (x) firnlssiva graligi

tasr-irlarrgan. XyX2,K3,.,,,X7 uuqtalardarr
ner:htasida lirnksiva h osiiasi nl an{iv Lro'ladi
?

(i. {-iriznlda {-4:10) ilLervaldii urriqllnsel V =

f(r) lirnltsi]'a gfafigr ras\-il'larro;ru. Fr-rnlcsi.,'a

husilasi rnanfi"r' L,r.r'lacligurrfulLsi"ya er-a{igiuing
3. Chizrnatlir y = f{x) fiurhsiya glrrtigi hrr t tur kuordiuataii nuqt aiali lech I a ?
tasvirlangan. Ahsissa o'qida o'nLritta
Kp Xy, X3,,..,.{11 ririclta berilgan. Bu ruqtalardau
rieehtasida lirnlcsil'a h+sila,sirnustrat ho'ladi?

I
I
I

'7" r: = f(.r] lr,rrrlis:-,';rirosiXaslniug 3r =

rd,, {,iriarr-rs,ij,'r
Lihizriaa'la 1v': J'(r:"! {irlrksir"a g:'alip:r
laorir-li,rlgari, ;\bs.i^s"qii r-r"i,1io.lrr rr'slbiIl-ir J"'{,*),g'rj'rrlisi ti:-s:'irlienfllrr: r.;-, ;rb,:ir-sa t,'r1lc1
ir
ealtki:dl! 3.i1.
.{2, ."., .151 :iu/l ti1 b*rilglan, Ert
.od1, 1 i'i!.trJfra L:erl'Igali " 03l.rr, ll r1tal al'ri arr
.13,,Y3r . "", :,6-1
uucgt,r lalrlan ncch ta$!cla f (':{l o's,.ir-r:hibo'lacli ?
nech t;-',sid
e { rrn ksi1:e h osi lasi nr sn f 1-,'hl'4ar.{i i)

+ij,QEgt. [i i r].i;:;. ri1

 FUNKSIYANITEKSHINISH

u'nil$iLa ;s1,,f,i3,,.,, ft'12 rrurita Lreriig*n. Eur

ilrtlgtalar(ie11 neeli'l:,:*i,Ca "f,{rv.l ltiri-nariur',r]il
l-tu'ludi?

y = f {x) {irirksivshosilasining y =
B. {llrizrnarJa
f'(x) gratigi tasvit'langari ra ahsissa,:'t1ida
l.utlita X1,X2p".,X7 nucllil bt:rilgal. Bu
ll. Chizrnudfl (-6; 12) ,31u1;U,1" uuiqlr'rnguny =
nlrqtalardannechtasida /(r) bo'ladi?
c,'su'r'chi =
f(r) funlisil"a hosilasi y f'(x) ning grafigi
tasvirlangau. f (x) ning o'sish or,aliqlat'irritoping.- I

I 2 . ( l h i z n a d a ( - t ; 1 3 ) o r a l i c l d aa n i q l a n g a n! =
/(x) funksiva h,rsilasi y = f'(x) ning grafigi
tasr,irlarrl;an. f (x) rtingl karnat'ish oraliqlarini
hosilasining y =
9. Chizrnaday = f (x) f'ranksil''a
toFurg.
f'(x) grafigi tasvirlangan va absissa o'qida
otrrikkita X1,x2,.,.,xtz lluqta tterilgan. Bu
n-r,rtrtalardan ue,llrtt:si.t]i:r f (,r) harlrr:]"r"rlri
riij.{:.i
i ? ;.:;r:i:iiiY:;l-s,'rtgt+).r4{
k,,;,'lad

13, Chizrnardo(-B; 5) oraliclda arricllaugarry :

= f '(x) ning grafiSi
/(x) furrl'si;'a lr,-,silasi y
n u q tasida
tasvirl angan, [-3 ; 2] kesnrani n g ga--vsi
/ ( x ) f u r r k s i . y i r s n gk a l l , a 1 1 i 1 ' n u a t gear i s h a < l i ?

10. Chizmada y: /(x) funksiva hosilasining

y = f'(x) graflgi tasvirlangan va alrsissao't4ida
 FUNKSIYANITEKSHIRISH

_: < l-a
I

l?. Chizmada(-t0; 14) 'rraligdaani,:llangan ;r =

'(.x') grafigi
.f(r) funksi.:a hosilasi ,: f ning
! =
14. Chizrnada(-1-0;4J c'r'aliqdaaniqhrrrgarr
'(x) tirsvi-rlungan. f (x) lirnli,sil'aning [-8; 1L]
= f
f(r) IirrrLsiya hosilasi y ning gruligi
-3] kesrnadagi ntalssimum nuqtalari sottiui
tasvirlangun. [-8; kesmaning clavsi
+^ . ' i . . - .:
rUfrrrer --:1.-..-
nurltasirJaI (r) tirnksi\ra etrg lticitil< clivnrirtga
e r i s h a r l i ?,

i-

18. Clrizmad (-7;10) ,rlaliqda anicllalgauy :

" '(x)
f(r) firrrksiva h,rsilasi y = f niirg grafigi
tasvirlangan. f ( r ) l i r r r k s i v a r r ! ng [-a; 5]
kesrnatlagi minimnnt uuqtalari souiui toping.
1 5 . C h i z r r r a d(r- Z ; f O ) oraliqtla irniqlang;arr /, =
f (r1 tunlisir-a hosil.rsi y
= f'(x) niug graligi
tasvir'fangnn. f (x) frrnlisiv,rrirrg (- 1; 9)
oralicldagi elis tremntrt nuqtalarini topirrg.

v
;
*

19. - 7 5 x * 23 iuhsivaning
3=.t3
r , r i r r i n r r r r r r r r r r 'r rr 'f -, r c i"r"t i f"n n i r r o
t""F-

20. Y =)f -LgL;\:-f 1"4lirhsivarring

nrirrilrrrrrrl rrrrt1t*sinitripirrg.
16. q-lhizlliaita{"-'l.rr;7j utaliq,{ir aniqlangair ;v = gl"
'{r} I=x5-5r3-?ll:T i'unksl'l'areaing
,f,(;r:l ['rrrri'si1,ailrsilasi -tr= f tling pgafisi
*1tr .&;er:,urau:lasi
[-7; tirF iratts t1ifi11u1itt1
{.urr.rsliiiiga$.,f(r} tlrni<si-r'aninE [-X.5;6]
topirtg,
Ittlcrtirrlagi elistretirr.rnr liuqtrriari r,i*rtini
E*pin g.,g,jl,trrriii,:r.1,
.-.il$tlrlf
.,)|T.{ig.fl

+99899.0
i4
 FUNKSIYAhIITEKSHIRISH

r!8
t-"'Lleuzilg*n, LTrigriiai*iri$ urini*h nltqietdi
absissasinit,:rping:" f,f$.:rer#r:rr
+t,ili{*g.+jtr,i€Kril

2. y=Ez-4x-I f i r r r i e s i v a n i nggr u f i g i g i :yi =

7x * 4 Lr.r'g'ri r:liiuiqq;* purullci qilib uriurrtar
o'tkazillqarr. Llrirmarrir-rg trliriish t'rtrqt*si
ahsissasilritopittg,

3.y : 6x - ?to'g'rir:hiziq ! = xi - Jra+ 6x - 9 9. Chizrrrnda Y = f(x)

luuksiya grafigiga uriusa. uririslr nuqLnsi funhsiya
il
y =-f(*) hosilasi -
absissasitritoping. y = f'(x) nulg
gratigi P.t-l\e.ed.itjr ,,-b$311'*
Sl1j 6li, ff
4" ? = 3x - Zto'g'ri ehiziq ! = x3 - lxz + 6x +
tassirlangau. y = f (x) funhsi\.'a grafigining Ox
7 funhsivrl grarfigiga trrinsa. urirrish nrrqLasi
o'qiga ,parallel y-oki u hilan ustna - ust
aheissasirritrrping.
Lushadigaur.urinrnalarining absissalarinitr.rping.
5. Chiznrada y = f(x) frrnksivaning grafigi
Ne9
tasr.irlanganva .,Tg ahsissalirltc{ta$iFattt'ittnra
'@i ni toping.
o'tliazilgan.f

6. i,lrizrnada y = f (x) lirnksiyaning graligi 10.

tasvirlangan va ,ro ahsissali nrrtltasiga ttt'innra
Clrizrrraday=f(x) funLsiva hosilasi - y=
'(xi
ootkazilgan. f ni toping.
/'(r)ning graligi tasvirlangan, y= f(x)
funksiya grafigining ! :3x to'g'ri chiziqqa
parallel voki ir Lrilau ustrua - ust lu;hudigart
urinmalarinirrgabsissalarirr
i topiug.

Ns l0
i l
-
1-'L
7, Clrizrnaila y = f (x) funl'situoiug grafigi .i il
i t
tasvirlaugan va fg arbsissalinuqtasiga urittma
'(.to)
o'tirazilgan. ,f ni toping.
g= /kl ,
t I 1 It ll '

l l . ( l h i z m a da ( - 6 ; 5 ) i n t e l v d d a a n i c l l a n g a/n =
f (r) lirnksim gra{igi tasvirldngarr. Funksiva
ti Je
grafigiuing uriutnasi y = -B to'€{'l'i chiziqqa
_1
I I parallel ho'lgannrrqtalarisonini aniqlang.
B. Chizmada y = f(x)
firnksiyarringgratigi tasr.itlangatt va /6 ah*iasali
' (xi
rrrrqtasigaurintna .r'tkazilgan. f ni tr:rpiug.
 . I | ^ +E=-arccos(-+)yoki4--+-7t+arccos+
2--> n-arcsn\ - - >-arccos?
2z -+ - +-
a/3 J3

3 ->-a+arcsin ,,r r"* a+arcsin0J 2-->yokihn- arccos1/4

-
4 --+- arcsin0J Yoki 2n arcsn OJ

t/3

l--+ A-arct$
4--+ - arctgQ4 \
2'-+ n - arctg0{
3-+ n+arctg3 -r/z

l-+ a=arcctgl/3 | -+ p : arcctg(-O$) = z - arcctgo9

2+ n+arrctgll3 9: arcctglp
2--+ - arcctg0P

qiyin, shusababqa's ichidagifuirksiyadanTBU yasab'formulani

S* Teskaritrigonometrikformulalar: ( bu formulalarniyodlash {
bo'lsin. TBUningpastkio'tkir burchagini debbelgilaymiz'
keltirib chiqarishnio,rganamiz.Masalan,qavsichidaarcsina berilgan
nisbatigatengligidanqarshidagikatetnia, gipotenuzani1 deb
3-chizma.O,tkirburchakningsinusiqarshisidagikatetninggipotenuzaga
tga
belgilashkiritamiz.pifagorteoremasidan ik&inchikatet rEF bo'ladi. 1l-formuladashuo'tkir burchakningtangensitopilgan'

qarshisidagi katetningyopishgankatetganisbatiga teng') F.$e's4{$*-'.y$89{*'i${6'o'fi l-chizma

l) sin(arcsina)=a 9) tg(uetga)=a

2) sin(arccosa)= -.*+(t."*') = [4 l0) tg(arcctga):1/a

J
Il \ : a
i . :
3)sin(arctga)= 11)te(arcsina):-#
' ,
ffi '-at !t - n L
\ 'i,
qavs ichida arctga va urcctgil
'h= ilatnashgan funksiYala t uchun
=#
4) sin(arccigc) l2) tg(arccosa):-;
3-chizma' 4-clziznta
5) cos(mccosa)=a 13) ctg(arcctga)=a
14) ctg(arctga)=lla
,I;7
6) cos(arcsina)=[:7

l5) ctg(arcsina)=--
re " a
7)cos(arctga)= r t
#
arcsina va .{rchun
arccosd
. a funksiyalar
-- 16)ctg(arccosa)=m
8) cos(arcctga\=
4l+ a'

-+ bu formulaorqalitopish'EndiTBU usul' Qavsichidaarctgbot'

)=?, ?=
1,4,cos(arctg3
#
#=
katetni3"yopishgankatetniI debolamiz'Shundagipotenuza
Tangens 3 gatengbo'lishiuchun- qarshidagi
Itz * :.rfr- Uo'tuai. topsak,tot o = -#
TBUdan/. burchakkosinusini

(^3-,7-"g-,!4- formulalar1-chiz-ma orqalihisoblanadi.

) (4-, 8-, 10-,13-formulalarZ-tbizmaorqalihisoblanadi'
)
t2-, 5', l2-" l6- formnialar orqali
4-chizma hisoblanadi"
)
(tr-,6-, 11-,15-formulalar3-chizrnaorqalihisoblanadi.)
=390+590=960=f =
f""l' $in0,1+arccos0'1
17)ar.csina+ar ccosn=S lv!: arcsin0,5*arccos0,5 f
''r'J
2.fr +arcsittx=,arcsint= -, - ,
arcsiot=
3ar csinx=
N]: Zarccosn+ csinx=S
2(arcsinx+arccosx)+ar + f,
!,
tgil,+tg] ^ --i--iJ^- r^-.r-r--^- "
f'olrnulasidan foydalanamiz'
crga=
tr8)arctga+arc l-rnisotr;tg4alcsia{-+)*n'"'ou}) 1rqa+F):ry
t
 t . i E-- - t; tr
-up' 1/ -1 n - N a
2-irrisol:sin(Zarssin f )'cos{arcsinT J_'' T { r
f ):Zul*tro*o.in 2 J g

. { 1\ , 3
(-{) - * urru*;
3-rnisctr.r"r1:unmg arcs ul -
J I
arcsm5 : 1 1 deb o'zgartirish kiritai'niz.

J?
-
cas,,z. j:cc s ft1,;os4 + si:i2L-{ [ 1 . L = 1 : . t : t - ; )= ) . r , C , S l-C1 : - 2 , ; O S l2. - a t c t g - '-L:2
|

[ fi**tu
cosT=v : = \ ,il*-.t,**ltsin
J
:
3
: ! trT4/5 = 7 F
2 si,,$=l+=
tengiamalarniyechistidatenglamashartigaqarab terrgliktiing ikkala
i T" Teskaritrigonometrik
lkerak.Topilgairildiznitenglamagaqo'yib, tekshiribko'rishkerak.

Fl: arcsinx*arcosix-lj=a arcsilix=a-arcos{x.-l) a-arccs(x-1))

cos{arcsinxi=rosi f; =1--q
Jl-:t[+x = i-\Jl=; xr=g xr=1 T e k :' t ) n l 2 + n l 2 = n
2 10 + r = n
f!; 2arccos(-xl2)=arccos(x+3),7(xT -arccosx/.2)=arccos(x-F3),
cos(Zn -2arccasxl2):cos(arccos(x-F3)), arccosx/Z=dt
cos(2ar"ccosrJ2):x+3 cos2s:2cos2ev -l:2cos2(arccosx/2)-l=x+3 2'(x214)-tr:x+3 x'-2x-8:0 xr:-2 xz:4
Tekshiramiz: xF-2 da 2arccosl=arccosl,0:0 to'g'ri^ x2:4 da 2arccos(-2)=arccos7,xato. .f: x=-?
';*,;iii.ir liarctgx=$+2nt" arctgx=h.+=ry, ai'rtg.r-ning
f f i : s i n ( l O a r c r g r :t)e: ln g l a r n a n e c h t a i l d i z g a e g a ?

at(-+,+)bunimar,lajini20gakeltira^a.(-ff;#)=# rt=-2,-t,0,t.2dao',anri.
ushbutenglik 5ta

r- > {l sababi arctgxningQ.S (-d2; rdZ\

Tenglamaniyeching.
{vJ: lg(arctgx)+lg(arcctgx)=tr Yccliish: O.S J:;; sabatriarcctgxningQ.S ( 0; r)
{::::f;:rtd
arctgx'arcctgx:10,bu tenglikyechimgaegaemas,sababiarctgva at cctg ning Q.S.dagi ixiiyoriy qaysi 2 ta
lg(aa-cigx.arcctgx):1,
somi olib ko'paytirmaylikjavobi 10 (gacha)chiqlnaydi.
-:-rrlrl:1;ii :,:l.l; ::' il'i
&. Teskarifrigonometriktengsizliklarniyechishdaquf idagilargae'tibor berishkerak: :ij.t.J, ;i1.,.,,;

a) aniqlanishsohasiga;
b) tengsizlikningikkala tomoninisinusyoki tangenslasak,belgi o
kotangenslasak, belgi qarama-qarshisigao' zgatadi'

fi: alcsinx<arccos(x-l) sin(arcsinx)<sin(arccos(x-i)) x< *'<l-1x-l;t x'<l-x'+2x-l Zx2-zx<{J

=*=jIJ ur {i:l=trll,,r
2x(x-r)<0 ="=-rg:f 1-(x-t)220
ft='Oilll (x-2)x<0='=Ill J: x:(0;1)
',{.S. <*2
2-misol. urccor'x-( ur""or*n# =t r[-1;l] arccosx=y ,''-+Y*f<o ,,=T Y,=t
(arccosx-$ )S0
)'(arccosx-f *,:-+ z xz=0,5 .r, *=1-f ; j 1
6 " ' 3 '
3-misol. arcctg2x-5arcctgx-6<0 (arccigx+I )(arcctgx-6)<0 4.9. x: (- *; *),
arcctgx ning Q.S. [0; ] bo'lgani uchun 1-
"
qavsni ichi doim musbat,2-qavsni ichi rnanfiy bo'ladi. Ko'paytma x ning istalganqiymatida doim rnanfiy' 3" x= (- "o ;co)
4-misol. (arctgrx-l6;(arctg2x-4)>0 (arctgx+z[)(arctgx-4)(arctgx+'2)larctgx-Z)>0 arctgx rung qrymaiiar sohasi

( -s lz;fi l2) bo'lganiuchunI -va 3-qavsniichi doim musbat,2-va 4-qavsniichi manfiybo'ladi.Ko'paytmax ning istalgan
': ; ''li::i ' '::i '- '
qiymatida doirnmusbat.J: x= (..*: -) " ":"
)0
S-misol. 4arcc,ts2x-i A . S .x = [ - 1 ; 1 ] , * r r r o u t * i * , (a.cccsx-f Xarccosx+ ;ao Z-qavsningichi drrinimusbat,
f
arccosx)l/2
tashlabl,uboramiz. kosinuslaymiz x(cosl/2 Tiiitrr-iirytrurlri , J: x=[_1i cos0,5],
cosl/2=cos23,50
-l cos7l? I
>x2, 4x'alccos(
6-nrisol. 4x'arccos(x2-4x+5) ( x-2)2+'l)>x2, Tengsiziikx:2 da aniqlangan(A.S,),boshqasonlzu'A,S.ga
yo'qmi tekshiribko' ramiz. 4'larccos! >22 0>4. J: B
x=2 tengsizlikniqanoatlantiradimi
kirn-raydi.

+99899.0i
 tg,ctg)tengrarnarar
(sin,cos'
rrigonometrik *:"*
4taqolip
f:Ii:il f":::1*'::11;.?::t#l rl;i;1;.1|;o't;:l;;tn*
Jffi:fiTi:iTil::;:'il:lxl-"ffi;dji;;;q;.','*1.t:::::"-:y':::::":ff[1"*
ilH##ff:l:'T"jJi'?,;,'-#';"*ffiffii;:;-""41"-''**y:::':
4taqorip
ig'ctgtitengramarardan
misollarko'ramiz'
biri sodda,ikkinchisimurakkabroq
,L'n'"o''
il;J;;;;;,,*,*ii"a*: ) ga teng-
l.Xususiyhollar:(Xususiyhollardeyilganda-trigonometrikfunksiyalamibirlikaylanachegaraqiymatlariga(0vatl
Lashtirilganhollar tushuniladi')
x:It l2+ 21tt II I. sinx: -l x:-ttl2+Lnt
I. sinx=0 x= lttt

f .S's*+*r:i +$Sl]*1$f'*4"ffS4ir.
Sinusningbirorqiymatigamoske|uvchiburchaknibirlikaylanadaikkitanuqtabilanbelgilaymiz.
yechirnquyidagiko'finishidabo-ladt:
Bdar Oyo'qigasimmetrikbo'lgani uchun
atcsina+m bunda, neZ
-l)" arcsina* tnt , Agar a<0 bo'lsa:
":(-1)n*' 0

J{ , i\'^.-^-:- .B ..,, y:{-1\n L+m l-rasrn 2100V-"/-30

+nn ' x:(-l)'
M, i,)sinx=*, "=t-rl'arcsinf !+nn
tt=lda-!+tr=!; rt=2da n=-ldax=(-\-tft-r t-!'
T e k s h i r ins=h0: d av = 1 - t 1 0 f t + t r ' +
0 ,; ft+ztr;
I tt:-2,_3,-4'..lardahaml_rasmdagiikkitayuqoridaginuqtalarhosilbo'laveradi.(l_rasm)
'7n
-ft; da n =ff; n=2 da Bundahamnning
| , , , n 1 1
l t t ^ " T e k s h i
Tekshirish: r i sn
n=0
h=: 0da
d a - 4 : n
n=l
= l d a + fr+2n
l) sinr=- i , x=(-rJ [+ nt ft+
'o,migabutunson'lamiqo,yaversakl_rasmdagiikkitapastdaginuqtalarqayta-qaltahosiibo'laveradi.(l_fasm)

j * +i'in'*= u"uin$**'
*=(-r)'*'
+ '" ;=,-;;'"iu'n "
rt,rn*= +
x=1_,1"*tff+Stm
1'-'1"in!:-9' f =(-t)'*'ft+m'
$, n^-r"t*mt, x:(-r)"#-+
rr-rtsini=
2x-3=(-1)"
sin(-3+2x)=f,, ' x:(-l)"ju'"'inf,* +.+
u"'infi*ml ' *x:(-l)"atcsinfi+^'+3
t3-l3)4sin(-3+21)=O,t
1=1-l)"+r3'at'csin'J-fr'+'3z
10,'1,'n(f* +):u, +.+=1-l;n+/ar:csinoJ+mt'
"f;t-l)*.'atcsrno'.-s+nn'
v'=b -f
sababi' =-104
1)sin3x=2,*=d 2)'i"(+)=-+'
fiisull"r; (4qolipdoirasidabo'lmagan)
-$+ nt -3'
-'x= *=$'*))1*t
3)sin5x=o, 5x= mt, u : ff. 4)sin(3-x)=-1'3-'a=-$+a" e' \- - - - - ' ' \o'" gu,* uv di '
*= *n7
5 )s i n f . c o bf=o t tr^? :0 J si n $ =r , != $**,"
sin(arcsin$-lf1=snft, x=7
6) aresinf 4)=+, to ninisinuslaymb:
Tengtilariikkala i-t=t'

x= n *Znt
2. Xrisusiyhollar: L cosx:O x= n I 2 -r nt lI. cosx=l x=2nr

Kosinursninghiror.qiymaLrgamoskeiuvchsburchaknibirlikaylanada,@rxo'qiga
yechimv=fr+Znn ko'dnishidatro'ladi' *=u,
x=+arccasqizm
bo'lganiuchuru
sirnraehik
oslr=-a, x= f{7r - arccosa\+ Zmz
 x=tatccosfip.+Lm.
3) eosx=O,2 4 cosx=-f,; ,$=X(t-a.rcror$)oZ*r.

(l-l) 2 c o s 3 x = r E , i
3 x=tt+b n t. x =t- fz+ +
"*u t*=$ ,
(z-o
c{is(++ , "=*+-++4mt,
il: +, +-ft:iqo-Lpoz*" i="#-#yzryt,o
*,=-+ -+ +q*,=- 4f{+4mt,*,=+ -+*o*,=#u
r'-3-3! +:)=
{.S"
crrn ft- ,
tarccos*+Zn
3x+2= , 3x=-tur""or#* 2m-2 "' *= *{ur"."r#-**?

(4-4)sos ff=x{n-ur""o"!\*z*, +l:4tm,*=*tt-*..."qorf,;*t+,

i'..=+Qn-zurccosS
l+)=-+,
/4ir.'!lar;
(4qotipdoirasidabo'lmagan)
t)cos3x=.6, *l=A z.l.orffi)=*r, x:fr
,;,
5x=$+nn
3)cos5x=0, , "=#*+. 4) cos3x'cos5x+sin3x'sin5x=i,
cos(3x-5x)=t,cos(2xFl, 2r= bmt, x= mt

3. Tangenslitenglamalarniyechishdaquyidagiishlarnibajaramiz:
l) tangensningqiyrnatinio'z o'qida belgilab,ungamosburchaklarnibirlik aylanadanuqtalarbilan belgilaymiz.
2) nuqtalardan(-900; 900) oralig'idagisiniolib, dawi aruni qo'shibqo'yamu,
lm x= -arctqg+ lux L tgx:O, x:00 +mt:zn I : aretga

i)tpr=t
, *:fr+*t. 2)tgx=-1,x.=-S+nt.

3)tgx=4, x=arctg4+tm. Altgtl-Jt, x=-arcqJi +mt yoki x= arctceJi) + lrn

r'-':,ri;-+)=6 +-+=f +mt,t=ff**,, x=!+4nr

tca{+-t"t') =0, tsSx=0
tz-27fr-tstx+tg23x=0, lx=nn, xr=#; E:''=-#,3x=-ft+n7, x2=-ft"+

{3-l) le3(.r+2):10O, 3{x+2}=arcttl}O+tvt" x+2=tarct{Oo,,-ff, x=-2+*orct!ffi+ff.

{ a - gE $ - 4 = - J'
2 , +-E =-a rcts4 **, i =o- or "tg $a^, x=zz- zar ctg$**,

tit, arcrg(+) = g ikkalatononnitangenslymiz tg(arclg(#)): t&, = 0, ..T= -l

,+
4" Kotangensli yechishda
tenglamalami guyidagiishlamibajaramiz:
qiymatini
l) Kotangensning o'z o'qidabelgilab,
ungamosburchaklarni
aylanada
nuqtalar
bilanbelgilaymiz.

ctgx=-4, x= rf -arcctga+m? !, = arcctga

I l CICX= {J ' X=:1-o 17It , 2 )c t g x : - l , x =l t - r l ' c c t S +n t = r - t +

* ^r. m=
ff
3) ctgx= 4, x= arcctg4+ mt . a) ctgx=- t6, x=r-arccq,ll +m yoki x: arcctgFJi)+ mt

t)=Jt
tr-rrctg(+- t-+=f,+nz. i=E**, x=ff+4nz
Sx=n-t+m,5*=ff**, *=+*+
ateS.,c=-"6
{2-2.J
(3-3j ctgf,x+2)=100,\x+2):arcctd\O+rm, **2:tor"ctf,O}+ff; x:-Z+!arcctS}}*t,n,o

E(+-O=-+,
{a-A} t,-o.=n-arcts
4*^, t=h-oras $*.rr, x=4n-Zatpcts
$*^r.

+99899.014.65.61
 tenglamaningt- o ;Tl oraliqdanechtayechimibor'
f{, l-misoi.
"or1z*- lVf
L u =!xf,+2 m *t Lfi+n' xr ft+ n' ' xr ft+ n'
z x - ! = x f + 2 nt
+)..' kabibutun sonlamiqo'yishimizkerakki'
Topilganxlvax; ildizlardagin larningo'rnigaa;xl
yechsak,ildizlar yaqqol
javob ber-ilgan oraliqdanchiqib ketmasligikerak.Birlik aylanachizib
'Y n2 x3 xs ni bildiradi'
ko'rinib turadi'Aylanadagi1,2,3' ' ' 8 raqamlar' I "
x ' = - n + 7 l l l : 4 650 x7'n+ni4:-1350 x3--1250
Shuoraliqdagiengkichik l - i ' a t " o " -
t;tOSo xf225s x;3750 ;r=4050 J:8ta
.oOtt

4t
(-28;31t)oraliqda yechimibor
nechta
M: 2-misol,tg3x="E tenglamaning
3x: + nr ( r2o0+600'n)Endin ningo'migashunday
! "=t*t
butunsonlamiqo'yishkerakki'chiqadigan javobiar(graduslar) berilgan i ' i qii'.. 4
x,:
kerak. -VE + t l9 = =l'ln l9 : -3400 7 i
oraliqqa bo'lishi
tegishli 2A
I
-..',n:*:1,;,'jt:,
l: 200,
,ori*o;lllo;,':;o3:8:* 5000 ] 1 Td .\9 \
4400,
3800,
J: 15 ta

1, I{va{rat teng[amaga kghfigan tengfnmahr'

2, Ah'iiftsti tengfo.mafar'
3. Foimufaasosifaycftitadigantengfamafar'
4. Qipotenwaga 6o'ti67u6orlsfiwufi'
5. rifu'tabycfrlfafi4an tengfamafar'
-Il2 va a2=I
2a2-a-1:D bo'ladi' Bundan at=
€, 2cos2x-cosx-1:0 cosx:a deb beigilashkiritsak,
cosx= -112 xf flnl3+?m, cosx:1 x2:27at. Bu yechimlarni birlik aylanadabelgilab !

hosil qilamiz' ( bun'1an ning o'rniga Q,l'2'3" ' sonlariru

birlashtirsak, x:?totl3 degan umumiy yephimni
l-rasmcl,auchta nuqtanin ghar 1200da takrorianib
qo,yaversak shu uchta nuqta takror kelib chiqavera dit'
-i'tli;i11ii";
{ii4'€f i;ji i-ratn
Tj'{)1i'":'*i::t1
kelishini ko'rish mumk in. Bu ! 200'rt yoki ?nt l-3 degani.)

tgx+ft:tJll'tg*, tgzx+j=Zi-Ztgx, (te.\-'6lz:0' tgx='E

fv.]:tgx+3crgx=ZJi A.S.x+nnl2.
sinz6x+0'5sin6x-0'5=0
iv'l: cos26x-cos3x'sin3x:0,5 (l-sin26xpO,Ssin6x-0,5=0
-tr, 6x: (-l)" trl6+ nt 'va 6x= - r l2+2m qiymatiarinibirlik
ar+0,5a-0,5=0,sin6x=0,5va sin6x=
A"".'aibcshlang'ich
aylanada belgrlabbir'lashiirsak, 5x- n l6+2ml:1 Cegan+mu*iy yechimn! hos'ilqila*iz'
kelganiuchsn 21Et13ni qo'shi6yozamiz
nuqtudun 3gtyuramizva keyngi 3 ta nuqtalarhar 1200datak'orlanib
U i r r u r n i y y e c t r i m d a n . t n Ji tt oxp: rs1a3k6, ' r m 1 9 , ' . '
bulargabir iinsli tenglarnar'leyilaiil'Bularnivechishda nechanchi
Z. Tenglamada q.atnashgan qo,shiluvchilar bir xil darajalilro'lsa
1:oill?'-'
ft'l'2sin2x+2sin'"1'cosx-4cos2;l:0
darajaliiienglamabo,lsahar.irii.Qo,shiluvchrnrshudarajaiisingayoki'cosgutro'uuhtr*lc.
ctgx:1;-0'5 r'-xrl4*m xi=-arcctgQ'S-tnn
zt-zitgliaatg2x='i:-4. c[g2x-0,5ctgx-0,5=Cr
bo'lsa,l.uqoridagitenglarnani ikkala eomoiainicos2x gabo"lit' lubomrdz'
Agar javrrblardaactg qatnashgan
tgx:-1 va ig"r=tr/3
fcj; Ssin2xf4si{1.{cosx=2 1ip#^ +tg2it+itgx=i-tcas2x 4tg2;+2tg;=1'+ry2}" 3tg2x+2tgx-l=0
r.--lr I 4-rm xz=awtgll3'tnl
cos2,;-3
sit'l2x' :+in3r' eosx-3sin^x:0 | :cos'rx tgx+tg2r.-3tg3x-3tg4'1=0fgi."(tr+igx)-3tg3x'(1-tg;r):{-t
Jvi,sinx'e,osl;<-F
-t t\ -l m'! !t= &1 tgx:tll J1 \=Ln l4-r n'
( 1+tgx,\'tga'{ {-3 tg2x;=1r fgr= - i i"1= I tg;-{.={,1

^ / +?1f,!F
 *{. Fornutra-lordarnidavechiiac{igan -l-l:lii$'.i.'ii
tenglamalar.!1.;:+r:'i..,i::r:. .li:,i.:,,ii.ril
i4t cos2lx-cos3ii'cos5:::i' r:*rs3x(cos3x-co-s5x):i3 cos3x=0 3x: t /2t- nr x; n I h+ m 13=300+60,n
cos3x-cos5x-2sin4x'sinx:0 sit;{:{1 vt: n1 sin4x=0 x1: mt I 4 Bu yecirimiamiLrirlik
aylanadabelgitrab
birlashtirsal:x= m / 4 t,a x='LzrI ...+.m deganyechimlan:ihosii qilamiz.

i:'l: sinx-sin2x=0 sinx(tr-2cosNl=0 Eir:t=C x1=:tnr. ccsx=L/z xz:Lrr lJ+ nz

l2-usut: Zsinr.-r-i2)
cos(}xl2):fi sinx/2:O >"-)-m cos3x/2=0 3x.12-- rcl2-r nt
lxz= nl3+Zml:. il<kala
usulningyechimlarini
birlik aylanada
belgiiasak
ilstma-ust
tusha,li.

i| i''1, cos3x=siri5x cos3x-sin5x:{l cos3x-cos(f -5x):0 -2sin'i;:-EJ:--lz. -u,^,oJt!-EJ-2-J:r-:q

-'
- Z 2
I

isinlar-4)=n 4x-ftr:71ru xf 3+4 s i n' (t 4l - ;')"=' 0- 4 - x =" r m xz:4+tn

I 4 ' 4 1 6 4 4 4
j ivi: cosxcos3x=cos2x cosx'c.tsJx=cos(3x-x) cosx'cos3x=cos3x.cosxi-sinlx.sinx sinlx.sinx=fi
lsin3x=0 x; ,r,t sinx:0 x2=mt J: x= m /3 -,.i:r-1,1i:i:tij.t
il1:ij:,ti,rr'(..,f tl:"r:.1;:'
ril
I
I r' ,. ' tE/ l ri + J. [i tr ++tl.77l1
i' t v J . l s i r , ; + s i n r ,l +
=
p'l: TTenglamalat' e m c c i n i r r c n h i nyeching.
e n o l q m a l a l c i c fsistemasini o Bunda
R r r n , . : l e x,
w \t-fft.n^1
I ell:2trf .i 2 -
funtrsiyala qo'shilib l dankattasonchiqishiuchuir
^l-r-u,^r'-!^,L;r;r.ri^-L-r+--^-^L;^i.Li,,-L-.,-
i , ." t:
= s' l*' . v '
lcos-*-r-co > : v ay I - I l c h o r a k d av( aI l Vc h o r a k d a ) b c ' L i s h i k - 1 . .

Sistemabo'lgani uchun va ikkalasi birdaniga ba1'arilishiuchun .r va;r l-shurp6agi sonlar. Shungako'ra, x+y =[0; a] bo;lishi nrn.

.rnt'=t*2zrq Shar-l,gako'rax+r'=[0;.2]bo'lishimuml<in.n=0dashaflbajarilad:
f:..n{I.or+=+g rgll-Jl=1
:j .": -. , .t F y+ 1, - t?ningo\aigamanfiyyoki1,2,3,4...
sonlariniqo'ysak,x
+.yberilganoraliqdankichik
t=t*^ y o k i k a u a c h i q a d i . ,r=+0yd=at + 2 n . 0 , r = * - y ,
fzcosalacos+=";t
t:

srnrf-r)+sin ,=tn{ ="+

cos;,+stu;, Jzcc'rf-.,4=+ ,1.:6_z sin23,= J!;

z),=-+tml
u, , [7 - r r n r u , r = ti { =inP,,
e o u y+si c osf,- r=' )# l + s i n 2 l ,_ +ZJi,
a o
2y--!+2nt

It=[+mx, ))2=!+rt, bundahamn=0bo'laoladi.(rrningo'nriga

rnanfi-v
yoki 1,2,3,4...sonlarini ol'atiqdan
Qo'ysak,l,gs;l]gan [A;a] dan
yokikattachiqadi).
kichik 0=+, yr=ft+r.0=f. nUarni
1,0=f;-+,r xgpetibqo'yamiz. =+
"=+'+=+ "=+-+
t, (+,4),^(it4\
o) ))
\r \o
cosx =3
cosr'
fv|:, ffin';1,7J (sin.r.sinv),ffffi=r ,l vok -{.:t :;1,;:! y)=z-+6
.os{x+
(sinx+siny)(sinx-siny)
-. l =0,75
i / l : Jsin2:r'-sin2
f*-r=6po' 2r-*lY cos300.2sin300.s6sliJ-=q75 =+ x* y = ! * l ^ r , ! + z n
j.ri"-1.r*yy
Misoi shartidax, y efo;Zttl Shungako'ra; "t-;, v4 3+y engkami va engko'pi bilan x-y e [-2r].zr] va x+y elQ4nl bo'lishi mumkin.

x * y . +n : 0O ui , 1 ; n = ld a , + 2 n = + , + . * = ?

J-*r=* io.n) i**r=* (o.o\ I^.r=4 (!L,\ I-.r=* (y trl

[ * - u = 6 f o\ . 3 ' " 1 l r - : u = o ol o
2'6/ \]"-/
l*-y=oo0 l r - - v = o o\ o
2'6l

4 " A sittx+Bcosx ko'rinishidagitenglamalar

quyidagicha
yechilarii
:
l) Agar ozodson(C) nolgatengbo'lsa,tenglikningikkalatornoniniyo sinxBayo cosxga bo'lib yuboribyechishkerak,
M' sinx-3cosx=0 l: cosx tgx-3=O tgx= 16' x= n l3t-nt
"6 "6
2) hulchakniikki martakarnaytirib,tgx orqali ifodaiashkerak. 14;4sinx+3cosx:5 o t
ffi., i;#*:
1+tgz05.t )
8tg0,5x+3-3tg20,5x=5( +2=0
ft-z QJv- 8tgOJ.t (2tgO,5x-t12:0 tg0,5x:1/2 x=Zarctgll}+2nt

3)Asinx+Bcosx=C.JEiF gipotenuzagabo'liby'uborishusuli.Buturdagitenglanalar42+82>C2
bo'lgandayechirngaega.

i u 1 ' , 6 s i n x - c o u a = .2! 1
!11=2 s i n x c o s 3 0 O - s i n 3 0 o c ossi nx (=xl - ) = t , * - t = ,=!+ua,
$sin"-fcos"=t f+at

l:JiE Jh*t'.#sin.r =-;fu-

2-misol.3cosx+sinx:-3 =
costarccoslft--.)=-# ur..or;fu-n
+(z-alccos x=arccos tW-*"corfr)+2m x;n*Znt x2:2arccos
ft,t+2m ft. ft.-rr+zn,

+99899:014.65.6
I
 qolib ketacli. 3cosx*sinx=-3
topishusuii bilan trarHyechishmumkin,lekin bundabitta ildiz
Bu misolni fir.ktrab
-1 = tr + 2m
fcos.v= [x bri ildizlarni birlik aytanada kesishtirsak, Jz x= n+,nt bo'ladi
isin.r=e lx=mt

-:-!:':!'3i;''tl
lii4.,{-;:.1.{:ii
5 " pllrlaU yechiladigantengiamalar: !i t)'r*qr:'t
'}=1-, xFtl|+?nt xz=znn
l-nrisoi. sinx*cosx:l {l u: . 1- v { ;flvta :r.l-^ t^ :ll:'* ;
=
{ cosx = tlu
lKKala ltu4rr

1
2-misol. sinr0rsx+cos2o2ox= --d x: n I 7+ mt s m x
x= mr tesishtirsk rr'\=' i
{ :tfr I

-r t-"*l x= n+2nt
-r-rnisol. sin2x1-cos5x= = ot
{

Jj It J2
4-misol. sin3x-fcos3x=
)Ur-3, * = *e2 {:ni*;13:l;;hn
fcos3x
h 6 6-misol sinxr-cosx=3i2 Jt Q
5-misol. clsinzx*3cos2x=b 42 azz a62
, . s i n . : ;- n s i n x = 0
-,/;GT;-'', :'i*'itS
<=im n n i n g o ' r n i g a0 ' 1 ' 2 ' 3 ' 4 " 5 ' ' : c : 0 0 ' 1 8 0 0 " 3 6 0 0 ' 5 4 0 0 ' " o' J' .fr
ro"t":ti"iqo?yul(t' r+{to"36a.'120, 1080, 180',"'
1440,
sin5x+0,
g) 2sin17x+!6 cos5x*sinsx:Otenglamanin gf3n;6tl oraliqdagiengkattava engkichik yechimlariyig'indisinitoping'
-+ cosn+sos6'
rrsinrTr+4cos5x+-Lsin5.x)=0 s r n l ? . v + c o s 4 c o s 5 - t + s i n 4 s i n 5 x"=" 0 t t$^/$
: 1 1 n t " t f ; : } 0\/.\d\
-t'* t* -""
,"",t:-n*$2.,o,t ;t* = r , , o , t = 0 , ! - r t x=f + ^ , ' 11y=-ft+nt, ",=-k*ff
;t-t"
yechimlarnitopanin' n = 33 da * = - # * " i ? t
=-ft+3nbu
n ningo,rniga butunsonlamiq o'yibl3tr,6n]oraliqdagikattavakichik
-k.+=%
tt=66dzen1kattayechim
tt=34dal-engkichik
3nclankichik,shuninguchun lechtrn-fr++=#t

4-nn-!+5x = -!, +n, *2=-Lru+ n = l8 da * = -ft * " ir = -ft +3n; bu3adan

^ ^ .2 ' ' ' ^ - 6 - - - - - 0 . 4 - o * = 4 - r n , , 61a ff
2 6 t
-
n = 36daengkattayechim + 6n =
rt:19 dal-engkichikyechirn-#
kichik,shuninguchun, "+
=
+{t ft W
J: ry.# =W =ry'
butotttalaitdizlardanenglcichigivakattasinirgvig'indisi
#,W,#tW.
=o, 2cos2x-1:0, ,'
1+?sZr -1=0 cos2x=rJ,=t*t' 2x-xz =0' x13=0;2 4'5' 3=[0;2]
9 ) ( 2 c o s 2 x -Jt rv)r - J

= Q ,+
7 L , 5 7 t zn = O d a , : t * # = f r f . A t A . S g a k i r a d i .x 1n i n g t t = t l , + 2 " ' l a r d a g i q i y r n a t l a - r i S
A' g a
\=+*t
kimraydi.) Denralgjavob: 0: q:2'

= 0 , T e n g l a m a i l d i z l a r i y i g ' i n d i s i n i t o p^i n=g- +. + m t , ),t=-ino LQ-3x-2=0' x2=4$ at=7'

l0),(rs^*t).nfi;:zl

A . S . c o s ; a + ex + S + ^ r , r * l * , , 2.r2-3x-?<0 x:[-0J;2i" xldaginningo'rnigafaqat0,l,2sonlariniqo'yaolamiz,sh

b c , ' l a , S i , s h u n i n g u c' rhru2n: - 0 , 5i a ' r o b n i o l o l m a y i a r z

,,r=-+,+"+bo,ladi. "*l*u,laginninga'miga.-iniqo'vsak **-1'

ildiclariyig'indisi: -+.+
Tenglanra + z = +l's
" i
 "!:i'i
1 :; 51t fj :€
i:qi'rit* ti i:!""-"{ $ii3j{,1,!,;'1;,1ii"

l. fiin'asfit a tagsinus[iten1sie{i?Jarni
yecfiisfr,
2, tangenshter'g,sixlififu.rniycfrisfr"
-1', K.otangens[i yecfiisft.
tengsiz-fififurni.
rl.'lengsizfiftfu.nti6ir*r*ra[i4[ayclikfr.
-s. f{ts'paltwLa ftp'rini*thidagi. "tectkfi.
tenTsie[iFJpttr.i

1" i:inusiivakosim.rsli
tengsiaHklar holtral':
uchnn,';ususiy

!) sinx>l & 2)einx>1 x:f;+Znt 3) sinx<tr 4i sinx S i x:{ -co;co )

x=( -Br;a0 ) 7) sinx<-1

2 ) c o s x 2I x:2nt 4) cosx( I x=( -co; m )

5)cosx>-1 xt tt l-2nt 6) cosxZ -i x=( -cD;er j ( -l

8) cosx- x= -E +2.nx
t

I Sinusliva kosinuslitengsizliklar quyidagicha yechiladi:

i 1) Sinusning (kosinusning) qiymatini y (r) o'qida belgilal.rniz,ungamosburchaklarnibirlik aylanadatengsizlikbelgisigaqarabnuqta
i yotl halqa bilan belgilalrniz;
ii) rengsizhkbelgisigaqarabo'qning kerakli qismini shtrixlaymizva ungamosyoyningkerakli qismini musbatyo'nalish bo'yicha
I telgilaymiz;
t3) vechirnnioraligko'rinishidatasvirlabdavrniqo'shib qo'yamiz.Qavsichidasonlatti yozishda1- kichik son(gadus),keyin katta
isonni(gradus)yazamiz. l4t
' / / - \
1 7s i r i x > 0 , 5 + 2 m t; +2m l- t'a;nr 2)sinx<0,5 +Zrm;V-+2nz)
; ":lt ff I ":i- O
I
| [ r -r l,r__'l
3) sinx > ; r = Lmt; n - arcsnS + znt j a)si.,"<$ "=l-r-ur""t.,f +2wt;u.rrir,$
larcsi.u5 "14
t -
i 5 :s i n r * >- 0 j .t=L-? +2mt;i- +27m = x- +
6)sin ,:[- !+z^,;-f +2.,f
)

s)sinx<f . =l- r+ arcsir,$

+ vma;-
*"rut * arl

I- rasm 2- rasnt i- rasm 4- rasm 5- rasm 6- rasm 7'rasm B'rasnt

j(1-rasmga qarang.).{vval sinuso'qidan0,5ni tanlab,shuo'qqaperpendikulyar to'g'ti chiziqo'tkaramiz,so'ngundankattabo'lgan I
iO,0nl tanlabsfuuo'qqaperpendikulyar to'g'ri chiziqo'tkaramiz,
so'ng0,7 ni, 0,8 ni, 0,9ni tanlabshuo'qqa perpendih.rlyar
to'g'ri I
-r.0
noq0f+sere9ol4.6s.or 88
 chiziq o'tkarsak'yuqorida 1-rasmdako'rsatilgan birlik
aylanahosil bo'ladi. shu aylananingbo,yalgan
yoyi yecliim 'isoblanadi

t)cos-r>o,5 +2mz;t*14
"=?+ 2)cos-v<0,S
"
=[+ + 2.mt
; ff * z*)
3)cosx> u.""ou} + Zmt; ur."or! * z*r] €
{ ":i- 4) :["r"".*+ + 2mt;2n - ur""o"$ + 2.r-,
"o"r< "
5)cos;r>-0Jr=l-
+ + 2mt;! * z-r] = -+
5)cosx . =L+ + 2mt
;{ o 2.,11
7) cosr>-Q7 :r= frr+arccos0J +Zm; z_arccosA,7+2ntl
8) c'os.x < -Q? ,6= [zr- arccos0,] + 2mt ;z + arccosA,7+ 2nnf
9 ) c o s x z o + + 2 m z ; *f z ^ l
":i- 1 oc) o s x< o , : ( + + ? - . r; a z z - )
$- "

I
It
I
I
"%*#_**$
("
3- r'esttt 4- rasnt

a + a'ccos Q7

6- rasrn 7- rasnt 6- ra.cnt 9- rasnt

Endi sin va cLrsni'g argumentimurakkabroq tro'lgan

mrsoilarcranko,ramiz.

"6sinx<02 , ".-f = T O ] - . - f = 0 , 0 1 * :1,- o - ur"r*-!. + 2a,,

a,c.in-f- + 2.trl
L )v-\ j'J5 I
t,1,cos{r - l) > -025 -t :(; *ur""orf + 2mt;.o._ur."orf + z.nt),
| "
,=(r-or-rourr"orln2,-2u;nto1-ouuroo$+Lnz,,)
+=A-r*^-ccos|e-znr:r-ro-u,-c"orj-rznr),
2" Tilngel1slitengsizliktrar.qr.iyi,,lagicha.,;echila.di;
, -!:ltiiiiai,.lt,iJ:,i:
1i.r,_r.,,i,,,:,, .r:
I j rgxninganiqia'ishsoriasiga kirmaydigarn /2 -r m lar.niharqabirani-relgiiaymi:;
2)tengsizlikbelgisigeqara1ro,qnirag&:errrkiiqisn:liriivayoyningharn1cerakliiki<itaq.lsmiiiibelgi1aylrrlz'(Eriyo1,!a1
3) yoyla'd,an
(-90t' ; 900)oreiliqdagisini
yechiiti qllib ,7ozamiz.
tvi:1)/€r>ull,r:l_+, *,,$ * *ri
 -l
-x)rg-r<1l3.-i ., :(-
$ + *, .) mnl mt; arctg?+ na\
J
)
5 j . g . r >- , ,' r : i 1 - j -- -,rr, ?T )
4 L J -

2
xtr7| 'uryJi+-r;$ur*')
) z. ,l
7: Isxs---: l: t- U - ?T .l
__?il?l + 7a7:,- arct.g4,S+- z.nt
' / 3 \ - T. J

3. Kotangenslitengsizliklarquyidagichayechiladi: !.rl.r,1is,J;;i;r
.i ,i-1,?r.rt?-r|;
ii.i:ri.+j*.i:
1)ctgx ninganiqlanish sohasigakirmaydiganm rwnihalqabilanbelgiraymiz;
2) tengsizlikbelgisigaqarabo'qningkerakliqisminiva yoyninghamkerakli
ikkitaqisminibelgilaymiz.(Bu yoylar'ertikal
3) yoylardan(09; 1800)oraliqdagisini vovlardir.)
yechimqilib yozaniiz.

Pt:1)crg.r>
nlZ,,:(*rt+**rf 3) ctg;r>2, , : fur; arcctg2+ mt)

z)etgx<Jt, * :l+ * ^r, o * r)) 4) ctgx<2" x=(arectgT+mr;o+*r)

5)ctgx>-t,:r=(* tff * *') 6)ctgx>-fs, :b4 o - ororsJj * *f

"
7)ctgx
<-# .:l+ * *, t o * ^) 8)ctgx <4J x =(r - ar"cctg4,S+ -r;o + .)

9)ctgx<O
x=l+*^rru**) 10)ctsx>o,
":?r;$**')

7- rann 8- rasnt 9- rasnt 18- rasnt

'm,,,{t,* <o. 7x+ =l+*^,,,n*,), n =1ffn* +*,),, :L#
f,) ft ;$ - +, # " +)
1ll: ctg1x <lO, Jy ={arcctgl\ + :(O2 mt; rt + n\ x arcctglo + O,2.mt ;O,2 t.r Ae n}

,t"1,lsinxplcosxl. sin2x>cos2x,cos2x<o, zr=(f*z*r;!**r), r=(6*r,,{*r,) +ri,s,ti."jjtj.i:}.1gi,.?5.,fi

F.i)i,),.,rrs:,:)
'M' cos2(x+l)'loga(3-2x-x2;
) I . 5cos'ix+11 ning e.s. = lsg, (-co;41=
[0;l]. 5log4(3-2x-x2)ning e.s loga(-(x+1)2+4)
=loga(0;41=(-cc;11
. Ikkitasonko'payibldan kattasonchiqishikerak.Kosinusning
Q.s. 0 va I oralig'idagisonlar.Bu sonlarnilclan
kattasongako'paytirsakginal dankattasonchiqadi.ShuninguchunlogarifrnningQ.S.dagimantiysonlarnioiolmaymiz.Undagi
musbatsonlarham 1 dankichik' I dankichik sonniI dankichik songako'payirsakldan kattasonchiqmaydi.
C.s.ningva Lo!.ning
qiymatlarsohasigaqarasak,ikkalasiham I ga tengbo"lishi mumkin,qachoni,x: -l da. cos20'logo(3+2-11=i x= -l

ffi: ltgxf<0,5 -0,5<tgx<0,5 a = (4rctgl,S + zn ; arctg0,S+ nn) 3'rasm

fv'|:ltgxl>0,5 -0,5>tgx>0,5. =?+ + mt;- arctgpln rr)uQ*,*S*,, ;$*')

4-rasm
\
Yoki' -r :(arct$S + nn ) n - arctP$ +.r),, + $ + nn tl-rasm

4. Trigonometrik tengsizliklarni biror oraliqda yechishda:

a) oraliqqa e'tibor bennay tengsizlikni yechamiz;
b) berilgan oraliqni birlik aylanada belgilaymiz va shu oraliqqa kiruvchi oraliqchalarni terib chiqamiz.(davr qo'shilmaydi)
l l

Yll
=
ildizlarinitoping. 3n
r) sinx> tengsizlikning
(- + t-;oraliqdagi
;l 4
j4
Sinuslar
o'qidagi ilbelsilangan.
bilan'.(-2700
hatqa E _E\
. :14-T]-lXtff]- 2Jt
{:t^ }
\

2)cos2x<-
f L-zo;zd t ,=(-zr*ff'rz"*6)-
r'<* .t* turOtur / - - \ /-
zx=ffi+2tm;ff+2t
,) -\
r tl -+t!-.-!!!-lr
"'12',
tl !L.2

., 12l-\12',12
/-
a\n
-I n \I
x:1fr+ m:y1+m)vok't 5-rasnt u( o**r zo-fu)1 2 )
!2',
\
x:(750+ I 800'rr;I 050+1800-rz) n larningo'miga butun sonlamiqo'yamiz'.

ir,'i) da 1=(l5o;105), , 1.,'.'.64 v=14350;4650),;r",,i da yana 5-rasmdagi pastdagi shffixlangan oraliq

ii""'Ida x=(2559;2855
hosil bo'ladi va hokazo.

+'A.,[-6'-ft],G,kl"
.=l-
.I T
I t
.
\ d l
1
3)tg3x<-;b'
l-;;;)
/
tx:1-f +nt;-7+m)
l
9ztr .(r'u",rl-lT,ryf
"ft,u,rf'
-:(-+:.3;-ft+zrlvou , , 1 z .r z g n l , l r w . z a n 1, ,l n n .' t t n f
" L T ' ! 8 l " L - o - ' r s l ' ' L 6 r sj
x=(r300+6.0i.n; - I 00+600.n) n laming o'n'riga butun.sonlamiqo'yamiz:
r',ii da p1-100;-100), y,,",J '6a 1=(300;50), .,r,-ida x=(!00;1100), ,t..-l da x:(1500;170), ;t.,'! 611a
;i=(1100;2300),
r.'i da -7:12:i00;2900),r ,li da r(3300;3505, i; .?,.ti,t...dayana6-rasmdagishtrixlangan oraliqlarhosilbo'laveradi.

5. Trigonometriktengsizliklarniyechayotganda ko'paytuvchilargaajralsaajratamiz.Bundaba'zi ko'paytuvchilardoim musbatyoki

manfiybo'lsatashlabyuborib,belgigae'tiborqilamiz.Agarko'paytuvchilar bir nechtabo'lsa,ularningharbirini nolgatenglashtirib,
ildizlarnibirlik aylanada Biror oraliqdanqiyroatber:ibo'shaoraliqningishorasini
tasvirlaymiz. aniqlaymiz.Qolganoraiiqlaming
qilinadi.Belgi> yoki I bo'lsapiyuslioraliqrri,< yoki < bo'lsaminuslioraliqni-iavobqililo
ishorasixiiddi oraliqlarusulidagidek
olamiz. (-
l-rnisol.sifx> j S
(sinx-0,5)(sinx+0,5)> .r cosl-t; < 0
2-misol.(sin2x-3/4)'(
r{+}''
00ni,,^itengiariraga qo'ysak1-qavsmanfiy
x ni cr'rniga
nrrrclrof Ilntnsrrtma manfi rr
{sin-r-J3 /2)'(sinx+
*1 ilrfizlcrni ntrnlq
1)'(cosx+
Jg /2)'(cosx-
hilen
1) S 0
heloilelr ?.-zl-nqv<larni
{-x-t
/-\'-rl
t- >(-t
\ "
tr - l
Y-Jr'
^ \ + l
{ \._,/
+} , l r x = l 9 t - n tO; f + . m l : tashlabyuboramiz,beigini 2 0 qilarrriz, x=3{i0da qavs ichining
LO _l

ishoralari

3-nrisol.{,2aaszx-cesr,-n
)(sin?x-314)(cos2x- n/4)icosffi)<0
n;-0,5 x.J3/ 2 ll I 2 <0 >0
2(cos^yjXcosx+0,5)(sinx-.6 /2)(sinx+Jl /271casx-0"5)(cosx+0,1
<0 , 1200"2400 600,12002400,-600600,-609l2a0,z4(
00ni halqabilanbelgilab,X-qavsnitashlab yuboramiz x=900da '-'-"'
va belgini<0gaalniashtiramiz.

+99899"014.b5
"61
 -6fr0 va 50Gla;rihkitadan
$uft ,C e) E:.".,'igani
E*irusrislrcrairi afzgat;t-irmaytJi.{strelka qg,lyanrfz"} I Z00va Z4*o La,riucirtada,n
{toq
darajai bei"lghniuchun lshorani o'zgartlradi"
ESnAT&4,E:tg Ii va ctg ii ko'pavtuvchilarga
ajnalgan ferrgsiziiklarni
yechishdako'paytuvchilarrla Jgva ecglar sonijuftia bo,isa,
aniqlanishsohasidagi
trralqalarga
stlelkeqo'yamiE,toqtahs'lsaishcranir:,'egartirib
ketatreramis. [.
t-nrisol. qtgx- x:00 da !'-'1"+1'- ('-'e I l50Ci?+.500
"/T)ftgx+1J>0,
i l, -\
xr=600'ra Z4tlo, 1;2=-450va 1350. k, t={.f
I
+n,;ff"*,),x+$t n,
rglarsonijuftta?:o'lgarii
uchure
A.S.dagihalqalarga
!S"1r.
strelka
qo,],arniz. .4\
, + { . .
2-misr:i. {tg'x-J)(ctg'x-U91.tgx { S I 7110---:.q---s <n0

{tsx-JT;{tsr+JTXcte*-f 11ctgx+ ).te*< 0

$ iqcts2x+*
rr vJ w^+a+"
drJ0,2400-600"1200 6a0,24a0 -600,1200 >0 ft,i800

x:300 da "+" n+D y={m;n/2+n)ufn/J+zlt\ 24

F. ci'l.r"i +S9fi'.-'"S.fri{.iijr...,H

l-misol. ctg'x-4ctgx+3<[r 4-misol. <0

(tgx-3xrgx-t)(rgx+l)
(ctgx-3)(ctgx-l)<0 -+ y=[nt ++ rn; arctg3+
an]u
y, = (arcctg3 + m i n / 4 + mtJ
w(n/Z+nr;3td4+ntf

f i^"n] ikkalayechimlarningkesishgcin
l - - 1
graduslari x = l - + + 2 m ; * + 2 m I
j*or"rti \ . J O l

-60

J: tengsizliklarning
yechimlarikesishmaydi,
shuninguchun 0

1. MonatonfunQsilakr.
2. (EFrstremum
nu4ta{ar.
-i, trunEglaningishordsi,
4, funQgilaningnoffai
5 Fw&giyaningiuft toqtigt.
6. tFunfuiyaning.[awi1[i6i.
7. ysin4fun1Sila
8. )=cos1funQyiJa.
9. 1=t64funfu;iya,
fi. 1=ctg4funQ"srya.

+99899.014.
 l. Funksiyaningo'sishyoki karnayishomtiqlarigamonotonligi deyiladi.fq' 5-x2+4x-3 funksiyaningmonotonoraliqlarini yozing.
Yeohish: y{x-2)2+1, xo=z. y=(-a;21da yt va ;:IZ;"o) da yl
funksiyaninghamkichik qiymati, shuoraliqdagikattaqiymatidafunksiyaningham
Argumentningbiror oraliqdagikichik qiSrrnatida
kattaqiymatihosilbo'lsa,funksiyashu oraliqdao'suvchi bo'ladi. Agar argumentningbiror oraliqdagikichik qiymatidafunksiyaning
kattaqiymati,shuoraliqdagikattaqiymatidafunksiyaningkichik qiymatihosil bo'lsa,funksiyashuoraliqdakamayuvchibo'ladi.
F {}"r*q*:i -illSB9*.91{.{iS
S,l

x=;a;bl oraliqda f(a)<(b) bo'lganiuchunyT. x=[b;c] oraliqda (b)>f(c) bo'lganiuchunyl bo'ladi.

minimumva maksimumnuqtalariga
2. Funksiyaning ekstremumnuqtalardeyiladi.Funksivaning ekstremumideganda - uning
ekstremumnuqtasinifunksiyagaetib qo'yishdanolingandaginatijatushuniladi.Funksiyaningo'sishdankamayishgao'tish nuqtasi
maksimumnuqta,'kamayishdan o'sishgao'tish nuqtasi'minimumnuqtahisoblanadi.(Yuqoridagil'asmdax=b maksimumnuqtadir.)
Ff: p-x2+4x-3 funksiyaningekstremumnuqtasi: y--(x-2)2+1, xs:Z; fi.inksiyaningekstremumi:y(2)-22+42-3=1
qiymatirnusbatycki manfiybo'lishigafunksiyaningishorasideyiiadi.
birororalig'idafunksiyaning
3. Argumentning

x:( -.o; a) w{b ; c) da F(x)<0

,r( a ; b) u (c;.o) da F(x1>0

4. FunkslyaningOx o'qini kesibo'tuvchinuqtalariga funksiyaningnollari (ildizlari,yechimlari)deyiladi.Nollarnitopishuchun7

ning o'rniganol qo'yib; x ni topish kerak. M: y+f'4x ning nollarini toping. x3-4x=0, x(x?-+;=0, x 70, x = !2
5. Argumentning qarama-qarshi qiymatidafunksiyaningo'zi hosilbo'lsajuft funksiya,qarama-qarshi funksiyasihosilbo'lsatoq
funksiya deyiladi.Umumanboshqafunksiyahosil bo'lsa na juft, na toq funksiyadeyiladi.(Yoki .t larningo'rniga-r ni qo'yganda
minuslar"yeyilib"yanao'shafunksiyaningo'zi hosilbo'lsa,juft funksiyadeyiladi.Agarxuddio'shafunksiyaning o'ziyu,lekin
oldidaminuspaydobo'lsa,toq funksiyadeyiladi.Funksiyani tashkiletuvchiifodalarning ba'zilariningishorasialmashib,balzilari
almashmasa na juft na toq funksiya deyiladi.) :f@ + juft funksiya, ftn : -f(x) + toq tunksiya ,
ftl
Juft funksiyalar!, o'qigfl, toq funksiyalarkaordinataboshiga,olzaroteskarif-yalar'y=x t/ch:qanisb-atansimmetrikbo'ladi;

p{: Juftfunksiyalar: l.5cosx, 2.y:*', 3.5lsinxl, 4"5sinlxl, 5.5x3'sinix, 6.5lgcos2x, 7.y=1()'+10-'

: o q f u n k s i y a l a r :l . 5 s i n x ,
l v . lT 2.y:*', 3.y:-tg'* 4.y=i'cosx 5.},-10"-10-' tek: l0-''-10-'=-(10''-10*)
, |
o y:i-lll*1lo
""<tl Bufunksiyaningko'rinishini y:-.rbo'ladi.
fiklabtopsak, 7'v==_=1'-
' -4
xz

t t{ fiklab topsak,
ko'rinishini
Bufi:nksiyzrning lxl tro'ladi.
.p=.y 9. , = 2"-+3sin5't
Jl'J# ct94x

ft|: Najuflt,naroqfunksiyalar:l.y=3tsltx+1) 2.5(l+sinx)sinx tek:5sinx+sinzx, 5sin(-x)+5in21-;;, 5-sinx+sin2x

3. )F5""" 4.y-4x+l 5.52sin2x-cosx 6. 5arccosx tek: 5arcos(-x), y: 7t - arccosx

l\: AgarJfu)=(a+b-4)xr +2x2+(b-l)x juft tunksiyaberilganba'lsa,f(a) ning qiymatinitoping.
Y*ehislr: funksiyajuft bo'lishiuchun:r ningtoq darajalarioldidagisonnol bo'lishikerak. a+b-4:0, b-l:0. b:l, a:3
Demak,tunksiyamizf(x):2xr ko'rinishgakeladi. f(a)=f(3):232=18 J: 18
holati(ko'rinishi)takrorlansa,
funksiyaning
6. Bir xil oraliqlarda bundayfunksiyalardavriy funksiyalardeyiladi.Davriyb'o'listrr
sharli:f(x) da f(x+T):f(x)

5{x}-sonningkaslqismi'
| ,,* ",f /'
n f a a
V I L J

-2ar,
Elil-A-tM,Ary=sittx\ray:cosx.funksiyalariningdalti -n
\)=tgxvay=ctpxfunksiyalariningclavri ,,,.'
sin(x+/rp):sinx cos(x+2m)=cosx tg(x+ 777x)= 197 ctg(x+ 7vx ) : ctgx ,.rr' .

pi: Qurlidagifirnksiyaning
engkichik davrinitoping. ttry:sin(Zx- f ), 2r-* = 2mt , x= * ry- -"N = e
J: engli'i6liikdd-t"r
t

Osc,nnsuli: funksivadavlini c'zgaruvchi(; ning) oididagikoeffitsiyeotgabo'lish lcerak. 2,\y=otgdt -S"l

3)y:+.".0.(#.+), , 'r=2n,!=2,'tr=u
'-,+'*4-,5-+l 4)v=#G,,=+=+
- = 2n rujuft bo'lsadavr-
.{SL;\Tit4:u ,,:sid'(ax+b), .l,=cosn(a-r+b) flin}<slyalardau toq bo'lsa davr T €

+99999.1r I
14.115.ii
 tgi'ia,:+b),y=etg!(ax+b) funksiyatardadaw-t=L' 1r1,y=sin6x funksiyeniirrgengt<ichiknrusbatdavri
r=t=f"

bitta funksiyako'rinishigakeitirish kerak.(darajalifunksiyalarnia . Agar bitta. siya,ko'rir.iishiga

kettirib bo'lmasa,har birini davrini topib"gradusgaaviantirib,ulamingEKUKini olish kerak.
x)5{"ou'3*=t'ryin, 'tr:2o,6=t 2)y-sin3*=sinP=3sine" Tr=4;rr:=2/r, iEKtlK(tzso;3eoo}=Jeoo
r.,1,
3iy=cts(zx-f T,=+
)+3sin(6x++.1 r-4=i EKUK(f; )=EKUK(e00;600i=1gso T=n.

m, H - funksiyaningengkichik musbatdavrini toping.l"e*hish: Kasmi sor1d4lq ttusalitg}xhosil bo'ladiiBuning Cavri- 4

| tg!)( 2

grafigi va xossaiari.
7. i-sittx funksii-a,-rirrg
I. A.S ,- = (--<o;co)
II. Q.S y-[-l;1]
III. Funksiyaningnollari sinx=0 x: lzn
IV. sin(-x)= -sinr, toq funksiYa
yt
v. *:l-f*znt;$+zn,]ao *=lqnr^,;!*zr,]ao1'I
L Z L ) - J

y1. y= (-n + 2m ; 0 + Znt)da y < 0, x = (a+ ztat ; tr + zm) da y > o

Yll- T =2m davli. Dernakbu davriy f-ya. F.* xer+*t' -IES8$9.S14.SS.€1
y11y..a=-!+2nr minimumnuqta, x=$+24fl m4x.nuqf4

funksiyaninggrafigi va xossalari.
8. 1t--cosx
I. A.S .y = (-oo; co)
II. Q.S y= [-l; l]
III. Funksiyaningnollari cosx=0 x= n12+nn, (A;l)
IV. cos(-*): cosl, juft funksiya
y. y=f-n+2miuolao yT :,:f2,m;r+?mtlaoyJ,
| - - \ /- '-+2arr)dav<o
v t . x : [ - f + z a t ; ! + 2 m ) d a v >x0=,l f + z m ; f )
]r'Il. T =?:n davri.Demakbu davriy funksiya.
Ylll. x: t+2m min. nuqt4 x : 2mzmax.nuqta.
fr,'l:5 { co(2x- ay' funksiyaning aniqtang.F-*bsq*s +99t9$.S1&.S*.ti1
grafigivaxossalarini

f:{.ostzx-61 tunksiyaqachon0gava 1) cos€.x-f) =a, zr-f =ti^

+l satengliginitopamiz. ,='#*t

*{=E' rr=8, xz=V, 4=+, *-r=-#,'-r=-8, x-r'=-ff shugraduslardagrafiko;o'qinikesadi.

2)cosQ.x-,f;=lu x=ft+m: ,o=+, ,r=T,*r=Y,

,?:c-ft=zna *-r=-t, *-r=-Y shugraduslardagafiklga
teng,!ek!noldldagi1/?ga llo'pn5'""irsa!', l/ 3gater'gi:o'larii.
l:eic.liasi,ia
=-t b-t=x+2m, ,.=!*^; .o=+, \=+, ,r=Y,,tu=-t, *-r=-* -l
shugraduslardagrafik
$eos@x-f)
barchasida'.ll3ga tengbo'ladi.
ga teng,lekinoldidagil/3 ga ko'paytirsak,
I. A.S x=(-<o;co) IL Q.S y:l-ll3;1/3]
=0,L"-t=t** , ,=ff*ff; (a;1/6)
iII.Ico(zx-f)
IV. Funksiyanajuft, na toq.
y. rdZ+ *rfdo yt
m;'rd6+ yI
a=lvl6+m;2n/z+ntfda [ 5_n
":l -16 l?
ouv' p
vr.x:(,{,+n,;ff * *)a^v>0,x=(f7* *,;ff+ a',) 3

':
VII. ?=ar davri.
VIII. x= -a / 3+ ar min. nuqta, x= ft I 6+ nt max' nuqta
tv1,1=-3sinf +2 funksiyaninggrafigi va xossalarinianiqlang,Birinchi navbatda5-3sin flaning grafiginiyasiiymizva eng

= = hl ,
= m\.,..x
oxiridashugrafikni2 birlik yuqorigako'taramiz.Funksiyaqachon0 gava tl ga tengliginitopamiz'l) sin; 0, ;
x-1=-fut, x-z=4n shugraduslarda grafik Ox o'qini kesadi'
& =0, x1=2Jt, )iz=4rT, xj=&t,
l ' D L z - =1,
.2)surf \' ,"." x=tt+4mt; .xs=tr1 . | =5n,
. U . - , .x1 : z - . - a .x-t=-3n,
- ' . , -x2=9n, .-| l,gateng,llkin-
x-z=-7n shugraduslardagrafik
i=tn^"
z_ 2
oldidagi -3 ga ko'paytinak, barchasida - 3ga teng bo'ladi.
 -l ga teng,
-. - Y - \, X lt,t
x=-ft+4ftn; xo=-n' xt=3n' x2--7n' x-z = -9n shu graduslarda grafik
Jsm, = 1:-Z--*,
bo'ladi'
lekin oldidagi -3 ga ko'paytirsak, barchasida 3ga teng
I. A.S r=(-co;co)
II. Q.S y =l-r;sl
nollari:5 -3sin(0/2)+2=0+2=2
III. Funksiyaning ^(0;2)
+2m.
0:-3sin{+l s;-f;=ztS, x = (-1)n'Zarcsni
IV. Na juft, na toq funksiYa.
v. ' = (- 2u,",^! - zo + krn:2arcsin]+ t'o-) aav> o

' =Qur"ra!.-4nt;-2arcsn!+a *an)dav <0

y I,
y1. 1t=l-r + 4m;r + /+ntlda + 4ru;3n+ +ntlaa yI
16=ltt
:,lil, T=4m dawi
Yllt. x= n + 4m min. nuqta, x= 3tt+ 4m max. nuqta

r--- llcosx<0
l1 y=cosx_cos-rJx =1,,tZ+Zrn;3x
J,=cos-\'+.Vcos'.r l2+2ml
ful: | | llcos">0 1 v=o
v-cos.r+lcos,rt = ;;.i._.__iri:,..,.
Lt,

J . a
t - L

Ikkalashartnibirlashtirsak, , .
grafik quyidagiko'rinishgakeladi'
i \
I

?n
- * - E i E t !!- 7r :::-
Bu davriytunksiYa' z " 1 u
t l
7 ' - 2 ' " 2
'l-
6

I
I

9.y=tgx funksiyaninggrafigi va xossalat'i'

.L A.S x+f+nt
fI.Q.S Y=(-oo;m)
III. Funksiyaningnollari tgx=0 x: tul
IV. tg(-.r): -tg\- toq funksiYa
Y. p(- r I 2+ a4rd2+nlda YI
y1.y:(rn; d2-,^) auy, g, 7 = (-r I 2+ *t ; n)duy t0
a"rILT= nn davri

VIII. x= f + nt \srltkal assimPtota

10.J'=a1&,funksiyaninggr aftgiv a xossalari'

I. A.S x+ nl
U. Q.S Y = (-co; oo)
IlL Ftrnksiyaning nollad ctgx:O x= t l2+ nt
. ctg(-I)= -ctgl toq funksiYa'
y= (nz',n + tet)da y I"
y1. o= (rar; d2 + nn) olay > 0, v = (-t I 2 + m ; n') 4av < a
vll.t=TErQavlL

\rUL x= m vertikaLasgirnptota f.{1i'isi';;:. 1-}}liijri}$it65ti:'t ., , ,I

rvl,5 6crgq-ft) nt'tt<si.va topamiz,, ,,:'

0 gatengligini
qachorr
sorrlariniqo'vamiz'
fr'n"z'-n'-2
n ningoirniga
cryq-+)=a, *orf -fl=0, t-+=t**, :t=4+2m

,0=+, \ =+, k =+,'-, =-t, graflk0-ro'qimkesadi'

r-r=-* ohugraftislarda
 'as'snt|-ft\+*' !-$:'at x+f':-'trt .a=+, r,,=#, ,r=7, ,,-r=-$, ,o_r=-! shugrarrusra:i.dagrafik

naiufr,Ltatnq .- 6ret
Ir./.Funkcil'a - : -.-rgr+ o -F;+ u 9' \\ t , &
+, f, '\o ti
u /. ." x==[ -(g
1 $- +
+22n
n tn;;$$t+- 22nn,,.,))ddaayy<<00, " = ( . ft- -t z- ttuuu, ;,{; +
{ +zzt aoza)zd)edvu>v ao *
"=i.f \ it \l i
vl.x:$rl2+2rm;5n12+'ha]aavl \ i \ j \ i
Vfi. r= ttlT+7nr.r,ertikalassimniora I -6 l{ ; \

},/=,t*l'l t*:":f:Tt:jf.ua1*vtunksiyaemas,.safabi f{: y:-g,lctgx tunksiyagrafigi

gatik (-m;-al2)oraliqdaboshqacha; yn/2;nl2) oraliqda Budavriyfunksiya,s-ababi 1_*;*; oraliqdagrafikning
hoshqacha; (:,r/Z;a),rlaliqdal_roshqacha.
Grafik3 rii.) shaklibir holdatakrorlanibkelvapti.

Erl).i'.r"'$"\1{"r:
y=a'F'(lt'x)ko'rinishii funksiya: 11.r-'j'irrrj'r:+
.}*j:l:li*!r.$+i.jf.(ii
a) Agara>l bo'lsa1':F(xJ funksiyagrafigiyuqori8ava pastgacho'ziladi,ya'niox o'qidan
uzoqlashadi;a=(0;t) bo,lsaor o,qi
tomonsiqiladi, ya'm Ox o'qigayaqinlashadi.
b) Agarb> i bo'isagrafik o'nggava chapga rortiladi,ya'ni grafik e, o'qidanuzoqlashadi; 6=(0,r) bo'rsaoyo,qi romono,ngva
chapdan siqiladi.
l:'l$x.;\'l';\{.'\r
,t ning bittaqil.natiday ning hambiftaqiymatihosilbo'ladiganfunksiyalaroshkor
funksiyalar (),=4x-l ),oki
v:3x2-r2),ikkitaqiymatihosil bo'iadiganfunksiyalaroshkorrnasfunksiyalar
ilyl=4x+s yoki x2+v2..2,+J:0/deyiladi.
r'1' l'=/4x+6 ushbufunksiya& nrngqandayqiynatidajuft funksiyabo'ladi. Yrehi.sh:Bu funksiya
b ningtrirortahamqilmatidajuft
bo'lmaydi,sababix ningoldiga"-" qo'ysak,u oldingachiqadiva najttft na toq funksiya
hosilboiladi.

Trigononarir fu M$lyalarning4. f. vae.S"

I. Sirtusva Casinus
lr"|: 3i = sln ,r, ) = sin 2x, ;, = {sin x, r=fsnsx, : ' = s i n ( r - ? , . v = s i n z 0 J - r +l aBr n i n g A . s ; e R . ( c o s . r i g i h a m x u d d i s h u n d a y ) .

fvJ:Endi{i'sniko'ramiz:
r)5sinx, v:[-r;1]. 2)5sin2x,y:[-l;l]. ]y=]sin-r: ,=1r-,,'r=[-*,]] at y=fsinsi,
t [ ' r l
u r r = ' * $ - + ) , y = [ - t ; l l . O ] = s i n z 0 J x +v s=,( - r ; r l I + 8 - [ 0 ; t ] + s = 1 (8c; oe sl .. h a m s h u n d a y , )
ft-t;tt=1-i:r,Tl

M:ransenstaming
A.sniko,ramiz:
r)5tgx,,- il -, rffi:;,'.::'I:"; x* + +#- ' -
J)Y=;/g-l
- I
.Y+t+nL.
n

+ y =f
r r g s . r ;s x +f+n Lx+ft.+.
, r,,l i +f+n,., r *!**,. 6) cos20,lx+
v,t xQ* + mL, x + 5E + lunr..
z
fv|:EndikotangenslamingA.sniko'ramiz:
l)5ctgx, x*nt.2)y=ctg}x, Lr*ir\ r*+. Z1y=[rtga x*nL.
qy=#uCS.t, Sx+mr., ilx-ft+m, x+ft+m
"*+. 6 ) s i n z 0 *, lQx A , x1+ m t . , x + t ' m z . .

Nl:v=tgl, v=ts2x,,=t,o, t=fex, v=te6-t), y=ts20Jx+-B

larningd).$
7eR (ctg.larhamxuddishunday).

In. .Arcsittus va Arccosittus

I
H: jr = srs5in.r, / = arcsinZv, J, = *arcsin r, -. -?,z '
1,= -f arcsin5.r, l,= arcsiri
'(.\ 1 ^,
]'=arcsmr0J.r+g larningA S quyidagicha:
,12

+99899.0t
4.65
 1)5arcsinx,
x:t-t;tj. 2)5arcsin2x,
2x:[-t;l], ,=l-+,+] s)y=larcsmar=t-rA. a)t=$arcsn5.r,5x=[_l;l

' = fl-i ' ir_ lrl. $ / = a r c s i n ( t - ? , . - + = [ - l ; 1 ]',= t f , - r ; f t + r l . O y = a r c s i n z 0 J 0. t,+i :&r = [ - l ; l ] , ; s = [ - 1 0 ; 1 0 ] .

( ushbufunlaiyalararccos.lariningA.S. hamxuddi shunday)
P ! : 1 ) y = a r c s i n x2, ) y = a r c ; n ? ; . , r ) y = | a r c s i n r , t 4 ) y = f a r * i " 5 x , 5)y=*.sio(r-4y', e y = a r c s i n 2 0 , l ; + 8l a r n i n g e . S :
T - -"1 r * -1
t)v=l-;,r1.2)v=l-;,t), ,l- - 11 f o ,1
z)v=zL-t;tl=L-+'+),4\y=El-+'+l=l-ffi'fi),
.. I I o ol | , o1
5)r,=L-+,+)
_ [ o o1

=l-
u,, +'tl'.r=b,+1"'
=[*'+
.*]
M,Dy=arccosx,2)y=arccos2r, $y= jarccosx, Dy=f*..o. 5*, 5)y=*"*"G-t), Ay=arccos20,1
:r+8 laming

t)v=lo;,1,21v=fo;nl, qy=flo;,,J=F
t1v=|lo;ol=[r'g-], r;,=[0;,.],qy=lo;ny+s=[s;uz*"e
fr ]
Arccotansens
|v!: yuqoridagi6 tunksiyaarcrg.va arcctg.r*irrilf'a.s. ::ff::;va
fvl:Yuqoridagi
6funksiya
arctg.lariningrJ...$.xuddiarcsinusday,
Iekinochiqqavslarbilan,
M: 3)y=
r!atctgxninge.S.
,=t(-+,t)=(-+,+) 5)y: arcts{x-Lo)
,inle.S. y =(-+,t)

ivl: Yuqoridagi6 funksiya arcctg. lariningQ.S^xuddi arccosinusday,

lekin ochiqqavslarbilan, M: 3)y = arcctgx ning e.S.
!
,=+("a=F,+)5 )y =sarctglx-ft1=8.(o;n)=( o;82)
Misoll€r:

Q u y i d a gl li t a f - y a n i n gA . 5 . x = ( . - - ; * ) . l) y=sin3x 2)y={sin3x :)y=cosi 4)y=sinx+cosx Siv=.Gosx+r

l - - Y
6)y=sin3x 7)y=-farctg3x S)y=-Sarccg{i 9 , ) 1 . = 1 . , - o r " t g ( x - 1 0 )t 0 ) y = n - a r c c t l p l l1)y=g6s+,.;+sin4

Quyidagifunksiyalarning
A.S.niko'ribchiqamiz:i)y-rin'*;'r+ O Z)y=corJll, 2-x)0, x<2

tlV= sinx+sin5x*Q
hin3x.cos2x+Q
**+,
**,oS*, "#+++
4)y=cosx-tg4 c o s r g a x o h l a g a n s o n q o ' y i s h m - n , r g x n i n g A . s . ecsoas x + 0 , x + f +nz J:x+$+nt

,y=2rfslnil, sinr-l>Q sin.r)1, sin-r:L x=f+m 6)y':ctg4x, sin4x+0, ,*+

4 J , = l g c o s r c, o s x > 0 . , = ( - f *rrt,|*z,,r) 8)y=lgsinr, sin-r>Q y=Qm;n+Zm)

9) y = sin(lg<- l), loganfmning A.S. x > 0 'l -0')Jv = l _ . ctgx-l+0 .r+r/4+mt

ctgx-l' sinx+0 x*nt
1l)y=1ffiffi, cos(siruv)>Q cos[-l;l]=cosF570;5701 buoraliqdagigraduslard,ya,nil-y''-vaI-choraklar&kosinus
musbat.'Shuninguchunsinx dagix ning o'niiga xohlagansonqo'yish mumkin. J: r e R f.'::f..'}f{,e -ii-}j}tgf.[{},t.6S,fi :
I I - u s u l .y = v 6 t d t i " . ) ,
cos(sirur))Q ,,rr*:[-4* lnr;{+zn] b u t e n g l i k n = 0 d a o ' r i n (l in = - t r d a s u r x = l - - 2 , 5 n ; - l , S t r l
L Z 2 J
[-1;l] = 12,5n;-1,5zr1bo'shto'plarn n =1da ,hq =[t,Sa;2,5n], l-l;ll=ll,5r;2,5n1 ba'shto,plaren =t2,+3larda
hairrbo'shtolplam n:O,da sint -[-0,52r;0"52], t-l;11 =t-l,57 ;tr,571ayni17. sa6a6g
.:
[-i;n] oraliqdagi L,arcliasonlar
| | a1-l <rl -.--r:-r- L^.- ,
I-t,J t rtrJ t I ur4ilrlud uut. J ;i en

12)y=/si(co:{)_, sin(gos.r)20, ea1

,x=ILtm;n+2zr{-butenglkn=A bo'lgandao'rinli{n=-i 6u qssn=[-'Z?T:,/t]
cosrr.vl-6)8;-3,141, l;1]=[-6,28;-Jl4j buho'sh tofulan n = nda sssa=f2nj/r.], c13srxl6,2B;9A1, I-{;ll =il6,2&9,41t,uh;rm

h o ' s t r r r o l rlna=rn )u 'o " u *=[o ,aftl ' t 1

p,. :i
i c}ts x . al"=
I l-L $nz*t;$+2ttn
t - . , t . - " ' iI Jr ,: x*=l-
=i-L7-t2m;V-t2ml
t cosx<J,14ayniy
Izoh: javobdagi l-900;9001glacinslarrriildiz ictridagi cos.gaqo'ysak S",f0, lf = ffif00 J/ ya S.'ol3rdaimusba1
f bo,ladi. sinus {,'ti0
r
13)v=--ld- J':io. ^ n x * 1 7 1 1 .'x*'zl
lffi+Nx, : ( d . n. Buxningo'rnip'butrrrsonlat'niqo'yibbo'lrnaydi degani, ,tr:x>0var+it.
so.{,ni) lslaq,rcrl)+0

l a l y = a r c c o s ( r - X )' , - t = [ - ] ; l l , x:[0;2] n5)y=spqcgg , ;i+{:i 1 b ) y = a , : c c o s ( l n^ ,= i f r J

Le l
-F99899.014,65.61
 f 1 ' = ; - r ,r 1 1 3>. - i s y n i y 3, ; t < i x<ll.
l?) y = arerrin 1.t+ af:ccor + -f:+- ,j..-r:=6-ril1 {-r=[-3;ii
r1-1-- 3xr l 3 - 3 . r 2> 0 lx=(-1;1)
!:'r:'j.:'+{;ii'.rr'-|iir,if,-1i}.$li;ti'_ri:1
I1.$L:irTii4A:s!trr,! cosF:t" Bunoa n=[ -./Z;"JIi ::.ceti,qaa
ho'tracii,ve'ni siw! r:osr:nillg Q.S t-lT; "Jlibc'la,ii
Sin2rr-crs2rnirrghani Q.S. l[ r-i : ''F f*lz; Ji lbo'la.di,
fil: r53sin7x+4c+s7rflinltsiyaningiJ.S.iriroping.Yephish:P"lz = 5 "li:1-,r;S1. Br.l fonitr;ianing kelih.chi-qi$hiquvidagieha
"
-s( { s urzr - { cor7.,I = s rir{ 7-',- ru"ror+ ) = 5.'[- ; : { = l-5 ; 5]
\) i ,t \ ).,

fi: p3sin0,7x*4cos0,7x-9 Q S:? J9+ 16 :5 , 1: [-5;5] -9, J: y:[-i4;-4]

!!: ;-4sin{x-l)+Scos(x-iiriiiig Q.S-? vT6*25 = i-4t , , = L,l,?i'V[j
berilgan
Quyida ucl'wnE$,)-t
tunksiyalar 1))=3coszx, :r:3[-];11:[-3;3] Z)1- r -],c.of = t -[-*'+]=
* [+'+]
3)1t=s;nz*,1-[-1;t]2= [0;1] -5, y:1-Z;l12=5=[0;9]-5:trs;Aj
4'11,:i3rotttr2 5) v=coslxf,y==[-1;l]
6)5coszx-sinx, )=l-sin2x-sinx:-(sinx+0,5)2+1,25:-([-t;1]-r-0,5)2+1,25=-[-0,5;1,5]t+1,25:-[0;2,25j-r1,25=[-l;
i,25.].
7) v=g(sin ra ) = tg[-l ; I ]= [-tgl ;tgl ] 8) )-sin{sinx)=sin[-l; i ]:[-sin1 ;siir1]
9)5cos(sinx), )=cos[-1;1], bunda,cos[-1;0]=[-cos570;cos00]*[0,54;i]-oraliqcagiqiymatlarbilan(I\r-ehorak)
cos[{l};l]=
i=[cos00;cos57T.Ii;O,S+] =[0,54;l]oraliqdagi qiyrnatlari teng,ya'ni Ox o'qqanisbatan
{I-chorak)bir-biriga simmetrik.J: 5[cos1;l]
t"^,
y : s i n [ - 1 ; l ]= [ - s i n l ; s i n l ]
I l0) 5sin(cosx),
1.. - 1.^.1 -1-cos|r.^l+cosZr
I l1) 53cos'x+2sin'x=3'--:f
I
!12;.in'o+cossa=|si.a2a-sinr3.z+i -i=f{t+;-:11t-r=}fe;tq-t=L*t_l-'=
i d {(ri":o.-+}3-i:-}(tu;r1-+f Lt,,j
j

lyi y--f(r) funksiyaning ibora[bo'lsa,y:f(x-2); y=f(2x); :,= fdr] ; y=2-f(x);tunksiyalarning

A.S. [-2;3] kesmadan A.S.nitoping.
I
i rtx-z=t-z:3r.x=t0:51 z\2x=l-z;31,
L t z^-L-/')J, x*:[-l;1,5]
-l-r;r'-rl )31.,f,=l-z;rl lr>0 }i =1ulYl
'J t' {G.',J
r/.r <3 {rs9
| I
| qoladi. x:[-2;3].
4) Funksiyaoldidagi2 A.S.gata'siretmaydi. A.S. o'zgarishsiz
I
bo'lsa,quyidagihollardauningQ.S.danfoydalauaolamiz:
bir nechafrigonometrikfunksiyaqatnashgan
i'.:ii,,.\i:'.i,'i: Bittafunksiyada
j+ funksiyanomihu*, o'zgaruvchisi ham(ya'ni x), bwchakkattaligihambir xil bo'lsa;
il)y:sin2x-sitx*3:[011]-[-l;1]+3=[-l;2]+3:[2;5] 2)y:tg3x-0,5tg)3x=(--co;co)-0J.(.o;o)=(-rc;m)
l* harxil bo'lsa(f-ya nomiva burchakkattaliginingfarqiyo'q);
o'zgaruvchilari
jr;y::,in,o- -2[-l;1]=t0;31+[-2;2]=
zsnp=3[0;r] t-2;51z)y=eW#L=q*## =c#fr- =(*o;o)
Bittafunksiyadabirnechatrigonometrikfunksiyaqatnashganbo'lsa,quyidagihollardauningQ.S.danto'g'ridan-to'g'ri
i',',,.l..t,'.',r..i.r
i foydalana olmaymiz,avvalfunksiyako'rinishinio'zgartirishkerak:
.:" o'zgaruvchisibir xil, lekin burctrakkattaliklarihar xil;
-
I) 5sin;x-sin2*+3= i 10na - sin2.r+ 3 = 35- 05cos2x+ sinZr)= I,s-t-J Lx ; ,[lu;sl=ttS -,[W;:,s + Jl"zi]
:- .? l-eos4r -ccsa=l+sn2rr- Z s i n } ? - r -t c o s r z== Il --c o s . r ,
l 2 ) l , : (.s i n d + c o s a ) ' - ' : ! " i : 7'"i'{ cos.z cos.r, A. 4 . 5S.
' ni
n l hisobga
hlsobga o l s a ksn':z+0, a-+ff,shunda
olsak,
./.s'12.d 3##
i

cosrz+t,Q-i b o ' l a d i . D e m a k ,1 - c o s a = i - ( - l ; 0 ) t - - t ( 0 ; 1 ) = ( 2 ; i ) t - ' ( i ; 0 ) = { D ; 1 ) t - t ( t ; 2 ) '

i+ burchakliattaliklar:bir xil, lekin trigonometrikflinksiyanomlariharxil;

j t ; 5 s i n 2 S x - c o s 5 x + 3 = 1 - c o s 2 5 x - c o e 5 x + 3 = 4 - [ 0 ; 1 ] - i - l ; l l : [ 3 ; a ] + [ - l ; 1 ] = [ 2 ; 52 ]) ; , = r i , r s o - " c s 6 a = - ] l t s c o s z a + c o s 6 a ) =

:-S (i-tz'rt:* t-+;al) = -f, t-ro;rel: i-r,r l

2a- 3 coszr)
=-fr Qscosa+ 4co*
 Ff rhFK$q#sffi$.,

Mavhumbirlik uchuni2=-/ tenglik o'rinlidir. a+bi ifodaalgebraik shakldagikomplekssondeyiladi.Bundaa va b haqiqiyson,i

esamavhumb'rlik. z:a+bi kornplekssonninghaqiqiyqismia n! Re(--zl, mavhumqismi b ni esaIm(/ kabi belgilashkiritilgan.
fi:r=t+Zi Re(z)=l, lm(z):2; n-5i Re(z):O,Im(z)-5; z=5,3 Re(z):5,3 Im(z)=o.
4" Komplekssonlar uchunkattava kichik ( "<" , 5") munosabatlaraniqlanmagan.
+ z:l,5+0,6i va za=312+315i bularo'zaro tengkomplekssonlar.
'1. zf5+6i va z2:5-6i bular o'zaro qo'shrnakomplekssonlar.
Komplekssonlarustidaarnallar:F4:(3+7il+(-5+4i)-2+11i. (13-7iF(-i-3):16-6i' (2-3i)'(0,I +5i) = 0,2+I 0i-0,3i-l 5i2

=0,2+9,7i_l5(-|)=|5,2+9,7i,(4+i):(-2i+2)=t#3=W=ql!u=oJ5+|25i
z=a+bi komplekssonnikordinatatekisligidaquyidagichatasvirlaymiz.BundaOx o'q haqiqiy o'q,
Oy o'q riravhumo'q deyiladi. {r'l:2,=l+4i zz=Z-i 2t:3 zd=Zi
o nuqtadanA nuqtagacha bo'lgan r=oA maSgfakomplekssonningrnoduli deyiladi.
Absissao'qiningmusbatyo'nalishihamdairl vektotorasidagi{q ) burchakkomplekssonning
I
I
I - - a :
argumentideyiladi. r ="1a" +F
ko'rinishigauningtrigonometrikshakli, lz = r ' dpl ko'rinishiga
L
, Kompleks sonning :r(cos e +i.sin e
i.:yilrC,iF'.r-nla,.->3,O < l --2r ) Klllplel;l scii'i:1Et:5:nr:n:i--il;:l:;rl<1:.:l
:ri l:r.':;;t!i:;hl'l:la,rkli i;:':l:ir-",-g;r
;;lgcbri:1;
o'tkazishuchunquyidagiformuladanfoydalanamiz
=arccos3l5.
fi: z=3+4i, a:J, b=4, ,=JS*t6 =5, cosQ:315 Q Demak,3+4i=5(cos(arccos0,6)+isin(arccos0,6))

fi: r-r-i, a-1, b:-1,,=Jtl=Ji cosQ=-i, a=+ -l-i:Jif"o"ff+isnfuo)

Demak,
'lt
7.*

ffi:z-2.i, a=0,b:2, ,'=ffi=Z cosQ=$=O'A=+ Demak, 2i= z(cosf + isina,,)

- '57t .3tt

Yuqoridagikomplekssonlarniko'rsatkichli ko'rinishdayozing. l) z=3+4i=Q6 "iueos0,6 2)-1-i=JZe' 4 3) -2i=2; 2

21.22 = 4 - rylcos@1
+ q) + i sn(q + rp2)

t\: z;j(cos200+i sinzAqSva z2=2(casj50+i sitt35a) zt. z2=gftot5to+i s itrs50), z2: zf 1,5(co,sI 5a+ i sinI 50)
fi. z;2(cosl4A0+i sinl400) va z2=3(cas|500+i sinl500) va zj:5(cos7Ta+i tin700S z1'z2'zj=30(cos3600+isin3600).
--t).. ^.o,
ltl: z,--6(cos500+isin500) va z2:2(cosl50+i sirtl50tr z 1; 72=J(cosJ )- +t suxJ) )

(2 :r"( coswP+ i sin n(p)

Komplekssonlarninaturaldarajagako'tarishdaMuavr formulasidan foydalanamiz.,': fr(cos +i sinQ )J"

fv|:z:3(cosl50+isinl55 komplekssonnikubgako'tararniz. sinaS)=271{

z3=27(cos45')+i ' ' *'* f <t* I
, 1 2 , 1 2 ' #, 1 2
" l ^
M, z = *L + 1lL i komplekssonninglO-darajasinitoping.Avval berilgansonningmoduli va argumentinitopib, uni trigonometrik
E---a , -l-
t =iJz+
ko'rinishclayozibolam . .+ : y c o s r p = | : 1 = 0 5p = 6 0 0 , z = 1 . ( c o s 6 d - r - i s i n 6 tJF' )2 1 0 = ( c o s 6 0 C f r + i s i n 5- 0+0- +ot; =

it tr'rii,'r{'rri +-i}i}lilt?.t}i*i.S$fi
= ,"r( ro+ 360on . . <a+ 3600n)
Kornplekssondanildiz chiqarish: i/rlcos-+rsur-J n€ M; z:9(cos600+i sin600) dan kvadrat ildiz,olamiz.

,f, = 3{cos(:00+ 1800n)+ lsin(300+ 1800rr)} bunda rzuing o'rniga qanday butun sonlami qo'ymaylik 2 ta qiyrnat takror'lanib kelaveradi.
J z l e , r
' rt, ^:rj us-d a-ll
ri -
-'.;";-rtnol- - 3 r.6 I, ri-r
- rlr-^"nrno )t
z\vJ )\uJ

99,014,{t5.61
 :1' :" ;i i
":i
't 'Itosifaforwulakri.
L, tuturaffiab funfuila rtauningfrosifasi.
7 M.adufnirugliosif.xri,
rI (wi anQ6o'fina7an &;tj,atamq kssi.[nr1.
fu.n
( 'llyitiftnuqtafar.
s. Stationar nutltaldr"
a
llvlafuirnumua minimtun li fi.sfr.arti.
'Uztfullnuqtafa.ri,
q
t{o sifanh6 isli orttsi, mLinot an orafiqfed.
ic, Fun|_siyaniwbirorEgsmafagi ettghgttaloFj en4F4cfr.iF.Q4,nati.
11. Fwn|S$anhry rcfrlqorafiqdttgiengkprtay?j engfi,icfii{qilmati.

l. Flo-cilarai
topish amaliga differensiallash amali deyiladi. Hosila formulalari: tl.rl-ltri;l:rr -iiitlt':i$l:1.{it.rii

JTx,I {l r x" i.F)' log,, lnx

t I
f'(x) n'Xll-l d'lna e'+C I

x
f(x) 5''LY c'}s-r tgx ttg: arcsm)i arccosx
'@ cos); -stnx 1 ---:;-I
"f cof; S III'J
Bo'linmaninghosilasi
Yig'indi va ayirrnaning
f(x) arctgx afccrgx Ko'paytmaning
hosilasi
hosilasi
'au_,-tt-{/.,/$l
t
I I r\ir I = l !41
(f(x) x g(x.))'=f'(x)x g'(x)
I
f'(:;) (f(x) g(x))'.f (x)-g(x)+g' (x).J(x) \. s('9 / c2(x)
i +,Y. i+ )iz

1)blarqandai,sonninghosilasinolgareng.
c'=0. fvt:5'=0, =O (r*io) =o 2)(.v),:1.M, (5;r,),:J,
(2ax),=2o
i-+)
M,(x4),:4.r3;
"")ir'),:71.r,r-r (r,,r)':*o"o 4)(.6'),= - y=..6=(# ,,=+(#-'=*t+* =#
*T
5) {a''1'=n''1t
o (3')'=3-r7u3 7)(log",.)':i+; (togax)'=-f
17) Yig'indi va ayirmaninghosilasi: fi: (24sinx-15x3+llx'4x+j)'=24cosx-45x2+24x4+0

l8) Ko'pay4maning
hosilasi: fq: y:arcsinx'(3x2-4x+1; y,=#.(3x2-4x+l;+16x-4).arcsinx
- \ll Xz

t,r*)'=(fff)'= Ginx)'cosi:--&osr)slnx
19)Bo'tinmaninghosilasi: =**.1%f* =*h
",
M: y=!t2, u'=1 M: ,,=2-'" t'=-l Ir4: .,,= 3- . , ' = o ' ( 5 - r : 2 ) - 3 ' =5+= , . ' : 1 5
{5x-2)z (5x-2)2
'2. Ftrnksiyaning
argumentida
yanafunksiyaqatnashsa rnurakkabfunksiyadeyiladi. 1'4,5 iog3167:s* -1 , 5ctglxr+xy
Funksiyabil nechtafunksiyadantashkiitopganbo'lsa,u qavatlifunksiyahisoblanadi.I-t nechaxil fun{<siyadan
tashkiltopganho'lsa,
murakkabfunksiyahamshunchaqavatlibo'ladi. M' y= fl? L.r'- I 2 qavatli: 1-ildizli f-ya, 2-kvadratf'-ya.

5log3 $ity'ftfE +q 5 qavatii: l-logarifmik, 2-ildizli, 3-trigonomerrik,4-darajali, 5-kvadrarf-ya. yi,il rs.,nrir rtgii-!]ri.sli].€i,rj:l
Murakkab funksiyaning quyidagicha
hosilasi olinadi:harbir qavatdan
alohida
hosilaolamiz,
lekinularning
argumentlarini
o'zgartinnaymiz,so'ngra
buhosilalarni
ko'paytmako'rinishidayozamrz.
iv!: ,4y:tfijj:17x24)tt3 f=!{txz_4)ut-t Vx=_ ^,,W _
- 4)z
3.3r!(7xz
I

M. r-cts(r7+xj) v'=---;-f----' .:.{7x6 +3x2\ 3Sn04'"'1

slnzfx + xr) fi : 5 logl l-darcja,2-1og,3-ildiz,4-sin,5-ko'rsatkichli.

n - - Z
.logr$in(7a"+r; .* (sin(7+'*r))t'. g65(7a'*3).
t'= 7 .h 5 r
Jaxi .lnl .4
ilsin(74.t+r;
..
M, ,/i.r) 'l(7-3x)L
I -z -2-1
-!(Z-h)-T-'
.f(x)= (Z-3x)z, y,1x1=
j
.(2-3x)'
=-! t,- (o-3)=
";i. 15fr;
ftl: f(x)=(2x-3)213-zx;3bo'lsa, /"(:r) < 0 ni yeching Yechish:l(r) = (3-2x)s, f '(*)=
5.(3- L\)4.(Z)= -10.(3-2x)4,
.014.55.61
 f " ( * ) = - 1 0 ' 4 ' Q - 2 r c ) 3 ' ( 2 ) = s o ' ( r - 2 l ) ? ' 8 0 ' ( 3 - z t ) 3< o , 2x-3>0, J: x>1,5
'(tEPx)'=s-x!1-3v21'tg3x+g--r3'3-y-xr1-xztgf**;fu')
y'|-(e-x3)'|.tg1x+e-x3
M: y=e-r'tgpx #t

M:y=ffi -+Ex\sx =(+s#)1.

={4s..' =ffi=
v'=!es.'>-|.3'45x2 =ffi=i E
:# #
f r { : y = a 2+ b x - 3 x t* 5 r' =6-6r*$ M: ;'= ',tfi+b\t3 _
zJ;\Ff zJ^t
qiymatlarini
toping. "rt.t
qiymatlarinolga
funksiyaning
Mt f(x):s2x1n12x-1) tengbo'ladigan uning
nuqialarda hosilasining
e'"1n12"-lpg, e2'-doimmusbat,tashlabyuboramiz. ln(2x-l)=g,1:1, -f'U=e , 5ll ,:#== ,T'!r=+z
-
M:/="|ffi
l;-", 1
n=@
1 L4a-Lr)+2-(a+xz) - a:k --Affi-=
ktail_UJxz - ax-xz+41
r\aT6
;ffi
-1a-2x
@+T-=CWT6
la-2lx ,: r., ,.,

I4z l=osin.r64.699r Bunda,lna son. r'-iosin.r;'.ind'cosr*osin'rllna.cos-ri)'=4sin;1to'cosx'kta'co'stt+atilt(-halinx)=

= ssirrxlrln.[rro. cos2r-rin") f ,]'*,:rL fi:
iir?lgl]tl'pl.i.::.".i
ffi: 53cos5x-+cosl5x y' =-15sin5x-15sinl5x= -i5(sin5x+ sinl5x)= -15'2'sinl0xcos5x: -30 sinlOxcos5x

1 rrrr'! -'r-.* ...-,,:4: -i:11i.tc;il; ;lii.:i;. noiul :;l:,nl bii ,-;--*Lr

n;;;L;i JeL,l,;s;la ;'.:rmi:,b.l ';.ail; itanft! Llebl;s,h;1a,i,i-,
J. llaUUEIssrr {uJrs+5i!!.

modul ichini nolgateng deb hosila olganda bo'sh lslplam bo'ladi'

I f(x)>o bo'lsav=f(x) y' : -f'(x) fx > 4 bo'lsaY'= 3

y:l(x)l'= ],ft*). q bo'lsay= -f(x) y'1 /'(.r) f'(x)={x<| bo'lsat':-Z
t "f@)=0,bo'lsaY=oY'=
g t x=Zda y':9
fx= (-"o;-1)u(6;q)da y'=2tr=5
lv1:ylx2-5x-61 y' =1 x=(l;6)d9 v' =-2x+.s
I x=-lva 6 da Y''g
'(6)=? 'Yechisli: *=6 da, -3, modulichi manfiy. 7ft5:-x2+t+x-lS
t4t f(x)=lx2-l4x+451bo'lsa, f f(6):3G84+45=
-ll+lQ=Z. Jz 2
.f'(6): ]x+l+=

sin2x:0, sin2x=I,x=ft+nt SInZX-I" X--;+101

I

Lsittzt, y' = -Zcss2x \

3tr sn?-l, y' = ZcosLr

p1:5ll2x-1f41 y'(1)=? Yechish:x:l da2x-l musbat,y=124-141, i-l2x-51, y:-2x+5, y':-2'

4. Turi aniqbo'lmagan,ya,ni asosdaham darajadahamo'zgaruvchiqatnashgan funksiyaninghosilasiquyidagichaolinadi:

l-usul. Bundayfunksiyalarni1 martadarajali, I martako'rsatkichlifunksiyadebalohida-alohidahosilaolib, hosilalarniqo'shamiz.
yi + yz: x*+ ;d'/rev: x''(lnx+ 1)
14,),:i /i =x'f-/:x' darajalif-ya !z=x''hu ko'rsatkichlif-ya
y'nitoparniz.
2-usul.Funksiyaningikkala tomonini fn lab yuboramiz.Ikkalatomondanham hosilaolamiz.So'ngrashundan

I) y:x' lny:1n*' (tty)'=(xlttx)' j" , = i 'ln'r+ "r'+ y,:y.(lw+J) ,t:ar'(lw+l)

.
2) y=(sinx)x2+x lryt=tott^O'** ltty:(x2+fi'lnsmx j r' =(2.r+l)lnsinx+(x2+ x)-J-cos.r

y' = (sinx)xz+x.[a + l)ln sinx + (;r2+ ^*ts]

5. Funksiya hosilasini nolga aylantiradigar,rrngqtalaryoki hosilarnavjud

nuqtalar funksiyaning 'kritik nurifilari deb ataladi.(x1;x2;x5;x7)
bo'lmaydigan
Ekstremum nuqtalarnisonlaro'qidanuqtabilanbelgilayrniz. Modutichini

+F9999"8i
 Funksiyaniughos*aeri,ya'ltiy':zv--s r= (-co;2,sroraiiqda
manfiiy*chun flin*siyaningrr,zi shuoiariqdakainay*r,:hi
hisoblanadi'Jr: [25; oraliqdamrisbatutlliunfunlisiyaning
"o) o'zi shu or.aliqdao,sn'chidir"r.9-rejagaasosan)
Lieffiak, l:?'-{ nuqta minimum nuqta, eltstrernum nuqta,
iileoblanadi, -r:.r.'xi,,,ir:* -rljiijl:irij.tr:r.ii
Iriii!.1 rrur:trta ij:: ,..

-? ?q

6'7' Ftrosllanoiga teng bo'ladigan nuqtalaf ctatsionar

nuqtaiar deyiladl. Bunga eksh.emumb-n huriiish
Eurilish nuqtadahosila nolga teng, ammo hosiia'ing ishoralar nilqtalar t<iradi.(x1; x3; x5; x6j
chizig"tbu nuqta atrofida ishorasini o,zgartrrmaydi;
kamayuvchiligicha,o'suvchi bo'lsa, o,suvchiligicha qola,Ii. karna,r,'r,chibc,,lse,
1v1:5(x-tir
y':3ix-1)2 xSi daham,x>1 da hamy,musbat
+ )l + Demak,x:i nuqtastarsionarnuqia,
(y'doim musbatdegani- funksiyadoim o,suvchidegani)"
1 burilish nuqta,ekshemurnnuqta
Hosilagraflgining"+" dan" - " ga o'tishnuqtasimaksimum,,i-,,dan,.+,.ga
o,tishnuqiasiminimuiri
nuqta hisoblanadi. Y*qoiidagi graiikiri so*lar o'qida tas'irlaymiz.
ri:ri,r:1:iq,,:*-l-gii)il;..:jtil:-;iii
-;i.:tj
--r+#
7x1
x I-nrni x2,x7-modulli;x3,x,;_burilish
; xa_uziiistr;x5_1'&x.,'uota
x2't=1rvxu rsVx)vx"

fi: -1,-i-* stafsionarnuqtaiarinitoping y , = i - 7l = 0 , R

funlcsiyaning -
; r r = 1 6 ,x = 1 4

41- 3-r)r
l'4t y =
f+ tunksiyarring
ekstremum .- .
nuqralari-: i,,=4r--:':r'111,__2r+1)
niroping. =}ffi= =u
ts| kastlo]ea,Ieng bo'ioh.naydi,
shuninguchunftinksiyaniirgekstrenium
*fiu
nuqialari(ekstremumi) yo,q.
Mty=2'o"'funksiyaningekstremumnuqtalarinitoping. y'=2ssrln2.(-sin4=g , 2"o.,,va ln2nitashlabyubommiz,bulardoim
musbat, -sinx=0, ya'ni, | =-sinx funksiya grafini qaraymiz.
"'.-l-"
dan"-" ga o'tgannuqtalar -hr,0,2r,4n... r :)mt
-t1ld I
"+" ga o'tgan nuqtalar -1r,tt,3ft,... ,.;ntin=lt+?Jl1 /-t \
/
/*\. - \ l
/+
_ Stt E /*3n r\ 5n /
\-; /4 ; L
\+ /r1l
\ , .
\ - , / , /

Nl: y = 3 cosx-l funksiyaning

ekstremnm
nuqtalarinitoping.
/ ' = - 3 s i n + ( - # = * ' * * = o x * 0 , s i n a= 0 , r = J - , n + 0 ,n = r l , + 3 , + 5 , . .-.=d+a, + , + , * , * "
!=n, O"
ildizlarnifunksiyagaetibqo'ysak,
y:3cos(-3n,-tr,7T,3E,Sjr,...):3.(-l):_3.;
n=12,+.1,td,...da
r=+,+,+,*,.0"
ildizlarnifunksiyagaetibqo'ysak,
y:3cos(4n,-2n,2n,4n,6n,..)=3.qty=3^"_
J: x.in=;+^, x^*=fi, n+0.
I' Funksiyaningo'zi ham' hostiasiham ma'noga ega bo'lmagan
nuqtalar uzilish nuqtalardir (xa). uzilish nuqialari sonlar
italqa oiian oiirracii,o'sisti lra'rayisir orairg'lga irarn ki'nayoi. o,qida
Buiarga nxsol assrmptota ehtzrqlari,maxraldagiiidiziar,...
f(x)= i1(x;:h/
9. 0'sish kamayish oralig'iga monoton oraliq deyiladi. y,.0
karnayishoralig,i, y,>0 o,sish oralig,i hisoblanadi. Funksivanine

t tn
o'sishoralig'initopingdesa;,'20ni yec6ishkerak. itu1,
' r ,: * = l',1+
' ) - =L
lnu .,,: ",1
A.S. ::>0
"{=-ir,-" ! r i -,,1
y

r(0;l) s, (l;el da y'< 0, ya'nifunksiyashuoraliqdaJ; x=[e;*) day' >0, yi'iil.zu4r,.,ru.shuoraliqdaI

;
li.{-1't,*o_:ri,:::,;i.$j'+Bi,lg.i:.ili,j.,ii,r.i:
,1
''--i

f I I7x1-1I 5xs-3x3+9x+3 funksiyaning o'sishkamayi shoralig,initoping.

y'=x6-x4-9x2+9 = ;{x2- t )-9(*r- t ) : (x+t .r+,,i X _ '[ io
)(x- I )(x2+3X
"
;r, f+ ,'=
x=(-*;--61u[-l;l]t,1..6;.o)
da yf daytr -Jz _\.:?/
-l
\=/.

":["-S;-l],-,,It;.,6] I Jt

+99899.014.65.61
{4, y:x(l+Z Jx ) funksiya o'zining butun A.S.da doirn o'suvchi yoki kan:ayuvchi ekanligini ko'rsating. \'ochish: 4.9. n = [0; oo)
'') -
),'=1'(l+zJx1+x\--!-)=l+zJx *J* =l+3G, .rningo'miga y'=r$Ji ifodadoim
[0;co)oraliqrlagisonlarniqo'ysak,
lal x

musbat son chiqadi.Hosila doim musbat degani- funlksiyadotm o'suvchi degani.

fi: k ning qandayqiymatlariday=lo'-sinx funksiya o'zining A.S.da kamayadi. l'echislr: A.S. x = (-m;co)da f-ya hosilasidoim
manfiy bo'lishi kerak degani. !^:k-casx< 0, cosx> k bu tenglik ayniy bo'lishi uchun k < -l
M: g(x)=xr.(1; t<am^ chi funksiya bo'lsa, quyidagi ifoda doim o'rinli bo'ladi. Yechish: Funksiya kamayuvchi bo'lishi uchwr
'(t) .0 '(r) < -3lx)
g '(x) < 0 'bo'lishi kerak. g'(x) + 3x2 fl.r)+x'-t l, *' J: .t'l

10. l'unksiyaning yopiq oraiiqdagi fa;bl eng katta yoki eng kichik qiymatini toping desa: hosila olib nolga tenglashtirdmiz, topilgan
ildizlardan shu oraliqqa tegishlilarini hamda beritrgankesmaning ikki chetidagi ildizladni (a va b ni) funtrrsiyagaetib qo'yamiz. llosil

bo'lgan ildizlardan funksiyaning shartiga qarab engkatta yoki eng kichigini tanlaymiz. lvl: ;r = + - + funksiyaning [-0,5;2]

kesmadagieng i<attava eng kichik qiyrnatini toping. y'=n0-:ta:xn4x2-1;=0 ;<1:0 xz= -i x::1 x2 -bu oraliqqa kirmaydi.
1 | 1 1 I ---_ tlt 1? )
y(0)=0 y{l)=i-T=-5- } , { - 0 , 5 ) = - E hn * o ' O , O O t y ( 2 ) = i - ! : - 4 t 2 x:l da j,*in=-3 x = 2 d a! n . * = 1 2

Nl. | - cos2 sin.r funksiyaningx e [0;a]kesrnadagi

engkattavi engkichik qiymatinitoping.
f
,'=Zcosi(sinf 'jsinx+coszZcos.t=coslt"oslcosr-sinjsrn.r)=cos .otf =U, xr:r+tm, n={Jtla x- r

,, = * tt:O da, :+, n : 7 d a x = r l l d u l a r s h u o r a l i q q a t e g i s h lli0. ) = c o * O ' s i n O : q

t T
f i n ) = c o *$ ' si n n =0
t(4 )=co szft..i "++=
+=+ Demak, dayoln= 0,*= +duy** = +
x:0va.r =a
11. Funksiyanibiror ochiq oraliqda eng katta yoki eng kichik qiymatini toping desayoki oraliqni bermasa,funksiyadan hosila ol ib
nolga tenglashtiramiz,ildizlarini topamiz, topilgan ildizlardan shu oraliqqategishlilarini funksiyagaetib qo'yamiz. Hosil bo'lgan
qiymatlardan funksiyaning shartiga qarab eng katta yoki eng kichigini tanlaymiz. 1"1'5 -x2-6x+7 firnksiyaning (-5;0) orliqdagi eng
kattaqiymatinitoping. y'=-2x-6=0 x:-3 y(-3):*9+18+?=16 .I:16 !-')'i:lgjc,l' -i$Stl']S:';llif:ll.tl
fi: a ning qandayqiymatlarida y:)s'-ae-"+(2a+ l1x-3 funksiya son o'qining barchanuqtalaridao'suvchi bo'ladi?

'l'echis;h; 2ex+!+(24+1)>0
O ' s u v c h i b o ' l a d id e g a n yi ' > 0 b o ' l i s h i k e r a k d e g a n i . ) ) ' = ? E x + a e - x + ( z f i + 1 ) > 0 ,

2ez,+(2a+r)er;+a - - 2 a - l ! ( ! t " - t ), e {= - a , , r = - +
* =2 -et u n t l x J 4 * : q " n t - a ' z * @ x + a ) \ eA_>xor
er+a)0bo'lishi uchunesa,7'161=lO;w) bo'lishikemk .-
ichidoimmusbat,tashlabluboramiz.
Ikkinchiqavsning
N1;axl+bx+c icvadratuchhad
x:Sdanolgaaylanadihamda
x:6 da-l2gatengengkichikqiymatniqabulqiladi.
J;+b+c ni
'r+cliisfr:
toping. (8;0),(6:-12)nuqtalarshutunksiyagategishli,-{-t;:iZ;%:, .y'= 0 debyechsak,yo minimum,yo
nuqtanitopganbo'lar edik.Bundaminimumnuqtatopilganva u 6 ga teng. -y' = fun + b : O 2a.5+b=0. 1-isternani
maksimunr
Lour ul 'tL:
-i
ta}ma-tag4yirsak,va 11-.1^
tL-14, ^a=3,
-a L - -35,
b= 1c ^-.,1 . o 1r | ^
0=64'3-8'36+c, ^-^r
c=96. f-
Ja+b+c :$46+%
E--;e =[63
l;;
O= l2a+b 1.2

: Ay= fk+Lr)-.f(x)
Frurlrsiyaorttirmasitenglarnasi f{: f(:t): -y+)l funksiyaning.r: -? nuqtadagiorttilmasini
toping.Bundaargumentorttirmasi Lx = 0J ga teng.if r:riiish: f(-2+0,1): -1,92+2(-i,g\---7,41 f(-21=-2t-2.r:r
t\y = f(x + Ax)- "f{x) = f F t 9) - f (-2) = -7,4I + 8 = 0,5e

-f99899.ii14"o5.61
 -r.':.:i
. d , . . ; f\ j / ; ' - : . : rj " l . , . i i " ' j l i S . l j

1" 3=fft)_fun
b.g
i;vaga a't16zifuan.u inrc.m
"
-3. I{a sifaningg earnetd{m a' n.osi.
3. flbmmftenglarna-rt.
4. ffo si {aninafi z i fr-(mea*niF) m.n'nasi.
5. Iib;l fay rdami,Ja -yecfri t-a(tig
ctn ma:afa[*,
1. Agal fo'giri chiziq rflx) fli'ksiya grafigigabiror nuqiada
ur.insa,1tiu
'- '.-
te.,g,riihiziqqa
t
urinna deyiladi.
Fu'l'csiyani'g bir+rn,;,;iasr.iegr -fu,.r.uiyugl:lr n!!r.drn o'rkazilgan
rrr--silasi uri'maning
burehakkoeffitsiyentini { rg* ni",tni) totrribberuOi.flqAp-= 1gs]
-,:t.:*:'lu-frrnksivaga xp: -l huqtadu
o'tkurilgan*iniltenglamasini (chiziqlif-yani)ruzing.
l;Tt"j )'=kx.+b

u'?T':ut xo=-l urinish

nuqtasi
runksiyaga
hamurimnaga
:::f::-ll-l]:l I,T,!_t):5]: , ya,ni-t ni ikkita
harntegishri,
chiqadi r-r;i j"l,"l
3f:::::::::.",,T::j,.]:lr"*"yi,Tl:', Dernak
k:l (yuqoridatopildi)]:l-x+b, -]=1.(_l)+b b=4"",q",-;;;;"r"-;_,;iruJ,"J;i.rrjlll-_*.r, \ t ,J/

.rS*F:iL..;{:iiE.,il:i(i:l
J: 1_l.x+4 ll.t]l.;.*....ir.lrr
r.syr4 ur ruur4E;,a rJ4rlr tgglsnll.

iI- tisul,formulabilan. y:f(x) funksiyagaA(x6;yl nuqtada -urinma

o'tkazilgan tenglamasi: +
Yuqoridagimisolda,)El(x+tr)+3, y=x+(
f"l: Agarr=kx+bto'grichiziq(-1 ;-1)nuqtao'qali o'tsavaoxa'qibilantzburchakhosil
qilsa,kvabnitoping.
Bwdaa=-4
Y e u : h i skJ=i :t s a = r s ( - 3 0 0 1 = - * - l = - * t - U * b , b = _ t _ +
J3 J: J:
i4'y=f(x)funksiyagrafigigaxeabsissalinuqtada:o'tkazrlganurinmabilanor:o'qiorasidagiburchaknitoping.Bunda
v'1:
f@ = --+=
1'"cchisJi: -J- = -JT = Ea. q,= t20u
-rr/.v JJJ
2" Ftrosilaning
geonretrik
ma'nosi: f-ya hrrsilasini
olishdegani- urinmaning
burchakkoeffitsiyentinitopisho.guni =ElJ,("dl
ftl; f(x)=9,5*a-2x5+x3 ir,
6rnLtltaningx6:2 nuqtasigao'tkazilganurinmatenglamasini
tuzing. y,=3*r-10*r+3*,
1a:y'121=3'25-l -52
lt'2a+3.22= F= -52xrb -iq
t1z1=o,s.iu.-z.zs+zr= e;_2alu*inish nuqtas
i _24: _52.2+b b:80

1:rly=f(x) funksiyagrafigiga;r:0absissalinuqtadao'tkazilgan
ulinrnabilanoyo,qi omsidagiburchaknitoping.
1)lF) =sm 2x- ln(.r+l), ,
"f (0)=Zcos2x_;f = 2 a = 450- b1 Ox o'qi bilantashkilqilgan
irurr;lrak.Ay o qr biian esa F = 90,45u:45u tashkiletadi.

2- funksiyauchunurinmaienglamasi: yz=-1.(x-fi)+l: _x+l

It+d 1
rcdr=l+i:1$; =A'O T a n g e n9s0 0 d a b o ' s h t o ' p l a m
D .e m a k o
, =T,

Nl' v = 2G t'a v = 2"t6-| fi.rnksiyararning

grafigi qandayburchakostidakesishadi.
Awalbuikkitunksiyaningkesishishnuqrasinitopamiz.
zG=zJil, x=3 (xs=3) yi(3)=#=#=tga=kr

+99899.014.65.61
 1 1
yil)=+=-+=tsd=k2 ,r*=ffi=,;F,
La^t[z t-
q =+
,13 +=J',
z ,,,=t
-
vo-r vJ
.fu-;b
pf: Berilganikki funksiyaninggrafiklari bitta umumiynuqtagava bu nuqtadaumumiy urinmagaega
ekanliginiko'rsating,shuurinrnatenglamasiniyozing. yt = (x+2)2 va yz = 2- x2 Awal bu ikki
funksiyaningkesishish(umumiy)nuqtasinitopamiz: (x+2)2:2-x2 S.*"rtq*ii +'$$gilt!.014.6i;.{fr
x2+4x+4=2-x2, Zx2+4x+Z=A,x:-l:xo. y(-1)=(-l+2f:1:yo (-l;l)- buurinishnuqtasi.
yt'(xs)=Tx+2)=\-l+2)=2 va ys'(xs)=-V|=-21-l)=2. Urinmatenglamasi: 5-J(x+l)+l=2x+3

ivl: (x)=r3-x-l va g(x)=3x2-4x+legrichiziqlarga o'tkazilganurinmalarparallelbo'ladigannuqtalamitoping.Shuurinmalarning

tenglamalariniyozing. 1'er:hish:Ikkita urinrnatengtamalariparallelbo'lishi uchunularning klari tengbo'lishi kbrak.Funksiyalar
uchunurinmalarining&sini topamiz, y'r:3xz-l-kr lz=6x4:kz 3x2-l:6x4, x2-2x+1=0, x:l:xo yo=13-1-1-1, (1;-l)
yo:3.124.1+1=0,(l;0), Demak,l-funksiyaning(1;--l)nuqtasigao'|tkazllgan urinmabilan2-tunksiyaning (1;0)nuqtasiga
bir-birigaparallelbo'ladi. Endishuurinmatenglamalarining
o'tkazilganurin{nalar ko'rinishinitopamiz. y: y'(xoXx-xo)+y(x6)dan.
y'r(xo)=31-t=2, 52(x-1!1=2x-3 y'r1xo;=0.t+=2, r2(x-l)+0=2x-2

ir,f;a ningqandayqiymatiday:at+4 to'g'ichiziq y = -19 n *riyaning urinmasibo'ladi? Ye,;hish:,=y'(xfi'(x-xo)+y(xa)=ax+4

, l0 10 l0 - !0,-- !{)_ ! 0 . . ' : , 0 = u.i+4.
r0=,hs4 !=j, v\rq= J 4 - , 0 r = - ; , t = : 1 ' t x - , t o ; - E - = k ' t - t + #- - trurrodaayniyatuchun
r;, .Xg
.,
-!=1,
knik gatenglashtiramiz.
ozodsonniozodsonga, .h=-5 :r"
ff
M: A(2;:5) nuqtadan
o'tuvchi va y:x2-6x+5 paraholaga winiuvchi to'g'ri chiziqningurinishnuqtasiabsissalari
ko'paytmasinitoping.
(.16larningko'paytmasinitoping)F.&Te +9'ii"q*S.f'1.&.S8.61

tuzamiz.!' =?-x-6, y'(xo)=2ro-6,

Yechish:Awalurinma tenglamasini Ard-- ii-6't+5,
y = @ . c 0 - O ( r - r d + . r e - 6 ' x s +=5Z t v t - 4 - 6 x + 5 = ( \ - Q . x - x f r + ! A ( 2 ; 5 ) - +5 = Q x o - 6 1 . 2 - f i + 5 , x]-4xo+2=0
asosan
Viyet teoremasiga ko'paytmasi2 gateng. J:2
absissalar
ffi: To'g'ri chiziq y = $ lUunda,k>0) giperbolagax0nuqtaliabsissada
urinadi.Shuurinmava kordinatao'qlari bilan chegaralangan

uchburchakyuzini toping.Yec'l-.islr:.Yo= io Ca,y' = -J- i@')=-#, onr,=+, v=-ft\'-il*f -u'*'*tenglanrasi

x2',
ShuurinmaningOx va Q, o'qlarinikesgannuqtalarinitopamiz.(0;y), (x;0)

k * k =T,
u = - 4 f o' - i )"' + !Jg= -rb 0 = - 4 f t - . ,-'. ) n.Yi! . 4 r - - 4rb-
'
x0" )0 'rg *0' jr'' ,TN

T B U n i n g l u ztit: s = t m = | ' ,r=*

*L
3. Normal tenglamasi y--f(x) funksiyagrafigigax=xa absissalinuqtadao'tktuilgan urinmagaperpendikulyarbo'lganto'gri chiziq

tenglamasini topibberadi.
-
4. Hosilaningfizik ma'nosi:yo'l,ienglamasidan(S=v't)hosiliLolsak,tezlik tenglamasiniberadi S'(q=v1q, tezlikdanhosilaolsak,
beradi- v'(t)=a(t) yoki Srr(t)=a1q i
tezlanishtenglamasini
5t+14
fvl: S(t1=31'-1 qonuniyat bilan harakatlanayotganjism: 1) q'ancha vaqtdankeyin to'xtaydi. 2) nechametrdanso'ngto'xtaydi
3) harakatboshlangan paytda qanday erishadi'
tezlanishga
1) jism to'xtaydideganiv=0 degani.v:S': 6t-15:0 t=2,5sek. 2\3(2,5)=3.252-12.2,5+14{'.7-5 m danou'.n5to',ataydi.
=
;1) a-,"=$":1 5t-l5)' 5 nJsef
f{; S(t)=1/3t3-2{+5t+6 qonuniyatbilan harakatlanayotgan jism: 5 sek.ichidaqanchayo'lni bcsibo'tadi,4 sek.dan keyingic'rriy
tezligi qancha,nechasekunddankeyin engkichik tezlikkaelishadi,3 sekunddan keyir:gi toping'
tezlanlshrni
l) i=5, S:? S(5)=l/3.53-2.52+5.5+6=22m. 2)t=4;v=? ""-S(4Ft'?-4t+5=l6ii5+5:5nlsek. 3)t=? V",i"=r24t+5:
(t-Z)1-i=[t;-] demak,r=2 sek,cla v:tr m/sekengkiahiktezlik. a=,? a=v'{t)=2t-4=2"34=2rnlsek1
,/4tri3.
5, 14:Ikkisoriningyig'indisi l5gateng.Ulamingko'paytmasiengko''pibilanaechabc'laoladi? 3+;:15 x'!^^=? x:tr5-Y

15-2y=0" y:7,5 x=7,5 (r'y)** = 7#'7i = 5625

{15-y)'y--l5v-f hosilaotarniz.
pl: 360soninishunday uchbo'lakkabo'lingki, tr-va 3- sonlar1;2kabinisbatdabo'lsinva uchchalasining ko'paytmasiengkatta
bo,lsin. Ll x x+y+lx=lf x.y.2x=wax=? .7=350-3x [x'{360-3x)'2x]'=$ {720xr-6xr1'=p
180 I
t'ln ll:o i-ar'o 0, ;s=80'1E120
l't4br-18x2
I ?xjn6Cr
Htr.
GV +99899"S14.65,61
 F.u''t:':l-+r:ri,-ig83Bii,.t}3f4rii$.*-1i
ffi: Asosilzgava ungattrshirilganbalandligih gatengbo'lganuchburchakichigaparalXelogram
shundaychizilganfti,parallelogannning bir tomoni a asosdayotadi.Parallelogramning
yuzi eng kattah,r'lishi
uclruiruningasosinifuni.lqandaytanlabolishkeralc?
Snu,.:1,.y,
):? +=+ x=ah;b'
\ti_i;;'./;
- h)'- ahY-bt h - 'th
t: r, . lh - =h1'-;)'2,
* a s'=h-f l=a, air-2h50, a:27', y:a/z.

f{is*l: orningqandayqiymailarida.r2+(2-nt)x-3m-3=0tenglamaildizlarikvadratlar.iningyig"indisiengkicliikbo,ladi?
xi+xl=7
lJ,.,,L:-1.. -- -L-, - ..- n
? = xf +xi: (;r1+ ri)r -Zyx, = Qn-2)z -Z\-hn -3\ = nz2+ Zm+10
A t 1 ,
, Lr-irrnr!" ^I | ^2- tLrL, Al'n2 - -Jlll-J,

?'=2m+2=0, m=-1.
fi: Tomonia bo'lgankvadratshaklidagikartondanto'g'ri to'rlburchakshaklidagiusti ochiq qgti yasashkerali.Bundakvadratrning
chetlariniqirqib,hosilbo'lganchetlzu'ni
buklashkerak.Qutininghajmiengkattabo'lishiuchunqutiningbalandligiqandaybo,lishi
kerak. ;:7

E.tlY:+"j

x a-2x x a-2x

Yecliisl,: Quti parallelepipedshaklidabo'lib, uning hajmini topishuchunb o'yi (a-2x), eni(a-2x) va balandligini ko'payirish
{x)
kerak. V:(a-2x)(a-2x)(x=(a-2x)2.x, V/=2(a-2x).(-2).x+(a-2il.t=0 (a-2x)(-4x+a-2x)=g, a-2x=0, x;a/2 (bujwob
to'g'rikelmaydi), -6x+a=0, J: xr=s76 |
fvl: Asosi kvadratbollganto'g'ri burchakliparallelepipedshaklidagiuStiochiqmetal idishga32 / suyuqlikketadi.Idishning
o'lchantlariqandaybo'lgandauni yasashgaengkam metalsarflanadi? Yeehish:Quti parallelepipedshaklidabo'lib asoslarinia,
balandliginib bilan belgilabolamiz.Uning hajmi V=a'a'b:32 I :32 dnf . Bundan, b:32/ a2.Uni yasashga engkam meta!sarflanadi
d e g a n d a s i r t i y unzai z a r d a t u t i l a S
d i=: a ' a + a b * a b + a b + a b : a 2 + 4 asb:,a 2 + + a \ = o r * 1 1 8 ,
",=r-#=0,
a=4, b=2
'
[
il

fvi:Quyidagi l-rasmda /(y' funksiyahosilasininggrafigi berilgan.shungaasosanf(x)

.' ' funksiyaningo'sish va kamayishoralig'ini toping. I
I
Yechish:funksiyaning o'sishva kamayishoralig'inihosilaningishorasianiqlabberadi,
ya'ni '(x)< 0 karnayish
. -f orcliq, f (:r) > 0 o,sishoratiq hisoblanad
i. Shungako'ra,
1' 1 : (_co;-4lv[5;m)dafir"loiyut 1 :[*4;5]datunksiyal.

M' 2-chizmade(-l 1;3) oraliqdaaniqlangan f(x) funksiyahosilasininggrafigi

tasvirlangan.Nechta nuqtada/(.vJ funksiya grafigigaurinma"jt;=.r-J15'9'1!
chiziqqaparallelbo'ladiyoki u bilanustma-usitushadi?
Yechisir:Urinmabilan5x-5 to'g'ri chiziqparallelbo'ladiyoki u bilan
ustma-usttushadideganift lari tengbo'ladi degani.5x-5 da k:I ga.
y'(*o):k, y'(*o)=t. Buf(x) tunksiyahosilasininggrafigi nechrax6
nuqtalardaI ga tengdegani. Bular rasmdanuqtalarbilan belgilangan.
(taqriban-10,2 ; -6,2 ; -l;2,7 ) J: 4 ta
Agar misol shartiday:2x+3 to'g'ri chiziq bilan deyilganda:k=2 bo'lar
Z-rasm edi.Hosilagrafigi6 ta nuqtada2 gatengbo'lib, J: 6 ta bo'lar edi.

'(x)
Fl' 3-rasmday = f funksiyagrafigi tasvirlangan.y--f(x) funksiyaninggrafigiga[-2;3] oraliqda ox o'qigaparallelbo'lgan nechta
urinmasibor? Yechish:Hosila grafigidanfoydalanib yf(x) funksiyagrafigini [-2;3] oraliqdayasaymiz(4-rasm.)Hosilaning
ishorasi(-o;-l)u(0;l)u(3;0)damusbatuchun y=f(x)funksiyashuoraliqlardao'suvclai, (-l;0)u(1;3)damanfiyuchun
y'(x/ funksiyashuoraliqlardakamayuvchibo'ladi. x= + I ; 0; 3 nuqtalardagiurinmalar Ot o'qiga parallelbo'sdi J:,4 ta

+99899.014.65.61
 +8999.q.$1'{ssfi

'(x) funksiyagrafigi tasvirlangan. y:f(x) firnksiyaningnechtamaksimumnuqtasibor. Yecitish:

M: 3-rasmday = -f [-2;3] kesmada
mumki
Funksiyadanhosila olib, teng nol deb yechsak,maksimum-minimumnuqtalarnitopgan bo'lamiz. 3-rasmdanko'rish
-
hosilaninolgaaylantiradiganildizlar -l ;0;I ;3. Shundan"+ "dan "-" ga o'tish nuqtalari I va I max. nuqtalardir. I| 2 ta

foy{alanib y=f(x) funksiya grafigigax!-2ya x2+1 absissalinuqtaiaridao'tkazilganurinmalarorasidagi

[r,j:.3-,rasmdan

k1:/'(2)=-r. kz:-f(-l):0
\''i--chish:
toping. tlr=ffi=fffi =:' I: tp=450
parallel bo'ladi deyi
fuf:Agar 2-misol (2-chizma)shartidanechtanuqtadaf(x) fix*siya grafigiga o'tkazilganwinma Ox o'qiga
quyidagiehaishlaaadi.Urjnma O;uo'qiga parallelbo'lishi uchun/,rJ funksiyaningnxaxyo nliz o'tishi
nuqtasidan kerak.Brurday
-6,8;4,9;2,5 ) J: 4ta
yoninnuqtalar,ya'nihosilaninolgaaylantiradigannuqtalar4ta(taqriban-10;

Alisul: y=r' paraboladanA(3:0) ntqtagachabo;lganmasofanitoping.c=? Yechish: nuqtadan

parabolagacha masofadeganda- nuqtadanparabolaning
biror winmasiga900ga boruvchikesma
':2+ y '(xd = Lto
urinmatenglamasinituzamiz:y
(to'g'ri chiziq)tushuniladi.Parabolaga
y(xs)=rbz, l, = 2xo(x-&) +x02=Lxo' x - x6 bunda,t=2xa ga' EndiA(3;0)nuqtadan o'tuvchi
perpendikulyar
tenglamasiga bo'lishi kerak. a,
5kx+b to'g'ri chizig'imiz bu urinma 5kx+b
to'g'r-iohiziq(3;0)nuqtadano'tsa, 0=3k+b, b= -3k, 5kx-3k=k(x-3). To'glri chiziqlar
k =-+' k:-+, :' x0niparabolagaham; / .rs
llu**sg, 3 ;
peryendikulyarbo'lishiuchun ,=-+ro
f.s r+€irlv *:u r*nn'
2 tata'g'richiziqqahametibqo;yruL xo2chiqadi'Shundant6 = -tl-<"0 -:1, c= r['224 =6
ro=1. Pifagordan .l:.6

tz
tlrffT funksiyagrafiginiyasang.Buning uchunfunksiyaningishorasi,ekstlemumnuqtalariva,qiymatlari,o'sishkamayish
Lix : z) - xz't - 2x2- 4x- x2 : {* -a) : n
oraliqlarikerakbo'ladi. r'= (x-42
' '*,-"t
,^^=i,,rr"r,,*r*ii;"
x**=:b,
y(0)=0 y(4)=s
1: (-co; 0l t-r[4 ; oo)da y 1', x : [0 ; 2)u.r(2 I 4] da y J

*+x6
funksiyagrafigini yasang.!':24x3 -24xs : ?4x311-xz1: o
Yuqori qisrn"*" bo'lishi kerakedi lekin,
qavsichidagix2ning koeffrsentimanfiy ,
bo'lgani uchunishoralarnialmashtiramiz.
x,,,^=Xl da y:6'14:1:2
x,,r;u:0 da YeO
1=4<o;-lluLt0iflaa yt 7 i= [ - 1 ; 0 ] u r [ l ; c o ) d a y J

'rbl:hish: , o-(-t(G2 +\+(x-2)'2x

14, y' =;-1;f ., funksiyagraiiginiyasang. t-
(x-2)(* +l.t - {r2 +172(x-212
T

ko'rinyaptiki,flinksiyan = (-co;tlur[1;2)u{2;.d t1ao'suvqhi,

ishoralar.chizlg"ician
Hosrlaning

r=t{;rldakamaluvchi. r= y^*=2;7 .r= lda !nin=25 Endifirnksiyan*:"':t*i.

\da
isharalarianiqlaymiz.Suratninolgaaylantiradiganildizyo'q, x=2 maxrajninolgaaylantiradigan

ildiz, x2+leloimrnusbattashlaiayuboranriz.tsittatoq ildiz bo'lganiuchunpastdanch-izishnibcshlaymiz.

 -5 rllaafiSrucliun yu1*l:ig* ':-:",,.pe5;tga"*" qef
i's1111;. Eu d+gani"';- (--;2) da
grafrk Sruqorttla,.r = ( 2 ;co.J,
oraliqdia gr afik pastda.jo"viasiiad!.

f,,r: Cirizmadar=f(x) funksivagzfigi rasvir{angau. r0 tengsizlikiri[-6;6]

4*
I l^,'
kesrnadagi yechimlarinifoprng.Yechish:lcasrnoldankertiabo,'trshi uchunsu-a[rre
rnaxi'ajbir veqtningo'zida 3'omusbatyo manfiy bo'lishi l:erak. ;r = ( - co; - 6 i
oraiiqdafrrnksiya kamal'uvc hi bo'lganiuchunhosilasinwttfit,,flinksil'api6g51'"1
esachizrnadan ko'rinrbturibdiki .r c'qidanyuqorida: nnrsbat. Bir oraliql,echim
lro'lolmavdi"'r = ( - 6 ; - 4 j oraliqdafunksiyakamaliurrchilro'igani uchunhosilasi
manh,, flinksiyating o'zi ham manfiv.Bu oraliqyechimbo'ladi. eolgan oraliqlarham
r . r r . { r I i c i ' ' ' - . I l *q 'i r' ti r.r l " l ; r ' . ; ? ; * ^ , { i | . ' ' _ -/ .!" ] \ ' -,a/ ' ,
ylrrlr€si. d. _r-l )\Jl IJ). u)ul+,J )
 F!,JNKSIYANI
TEKSHIRISIT

l. (lhiznrada y : f {x} frrrrl<siva gra{igi

tasr.irlarrglan. xyx2,xs, ...,x7 bo'lgan
n r r q t a l a r d a n e c h t a s i d a{ u n k s i v ah o s i l a sm
i rrstrat
bo'latli'l

5, Chizmild.r (-3;9) ir:rten'aldli aniqlingilr V =

f,(:r:i ftrnl'si].4 g.rullgi Lusvirlirrrgan. Funltsiva
lir-rsilasi ril u$L)aL Lru'lairliguri fr-urlisi-'a gru figiuiu g
L,utun ko,rrdinataIi nuqtalari nechta?
i.,.':.'t'i:,jii)1ir-!j!itiil?-r
i_t.i.,!5

2, (lhiznrada y = f (x) firnlssiva graligi

tasr-irlarrgan. XyX2,K3,.,,,X7 uuqtalardarr
ner:htasida lirnksiva h osiiasi nl an{iv Lro'ladi
?

(i. {-iriznlda {-4:10) ilLervaldii urriqllnsel V =

f(r) lirnltsi]'a gfafigr ras\-il'larro;ru. Fr-rnlcsi.,'a

husilasi rnanfi"r' L,r.r'lacligurrfulLsi"ya er-a{igiuing
3. Chizrnatlir y = f{x) fiurhsiya glrrtigi hrr t tur kuordiuataii nuqt aiali lech I a ?
tasvirlangan. Ahsissa o'qida o'nLritta
Kp Xy, X3,,..,.{11 ririclta berilgan. Bu ruqtalardau
rieehtasida lirnlcsil'a h+sila,sirnustrat ho'ladi?

I
I
I

'7" r: = f(.r] lr,rrrlis:-,';rirosiXaslniug 3r =

rd,, {,iriarr-rs,ij,'r
Lihizriaa'la 1v': J'(r:"! {irlrksir"a g:'alip:r
laorir-li,rlgari, ;\bs.i^s"qii r-r"i,1io.lrr rr'slbiIl-ir J"'{,*),g'rj'rrlisi ti:-s:'irlienfllrr: r.;-, ;rb,:ir-sa t,'r1lc1
ir
ealtki:dl! 3.i1.
.{2, ."., .151 :iu/l ti1 b*rilglan, Ert
.od1, 1 i'i!.trJfra L:erl'Igali " 03l.rr, ll r1tal al'ri arr
.13,,Y3r . "", :,6-1
uucgt,r lalrlan ncch ta$!cla f (':{l o's,.ir-r:hibo'lacli ?
nech t;-',sid
e { rrn ksi1:e h osi lasi nr sn f 1-,'hl'4ar.{i i)

+ij,QEgt. [i i r].i;:;. ri1

 FUNKSIYANITEKSHINISH

u'nil$iLa ;s1,,f,i3,,.,, ft'12 rrurita Lreriig*n. Eur

ilrtlgtalar(ie11 neeli'l:,:*i,Ca "f,{rv.l ltiri-nariur',r]il
l-tu'ludi?

y = f {x) {irirksivshosilasining y =
B. {llrizrnarJa
f'(x) gratigi tasvit'langari ra ahsissa,:'t1ida
l.utlita X1,X2p".,X7 nucllil bt:rilgal. Bu
ll. Chizrnudfl (-6; 12) ,31u1;U,1" uuiqlr'rnguny =
nlrqtalardannechtasida /(r) bo'ladi?
c,'su'r'chi =
f(r) funlisil"a hosilasi y f'(x) ning grafigi
tasvirlangau. f (x) ning o'sish or,aliqlat'irritoping.- I

I 2 . ( l h i z n a d a ( - t ; 1 3 ) o r a l i c l d aa n i q l a n g a n! =
/(x) funksiva h,rsilasi y = f'(x) ning grafigi
tasr,irlarrl;an. f (x) rtingl karnat'ish oraliqlarini
hosilasining y =
9. Chizrnaday = f (x) f'ranksil''a
toFurg.
f'(x) grafigi tasvirlangan va absissa o'qida
otrrikkita X1,x2,.,.,xtz lluqta tterilgan. Bu
n-r,rtrtalardan ue,llrtt:si.t]i:r f (,r) harlrr:]"r"rlri
riij.{:.i
i ? ;.:;r:i:iiiY:;l-s,'rtgt+).r4{
k,,;,'lad

13, Chizrnardo(-B; 5) oraliclda arricllaugarry :

= f '(x) ning grafiSi
/(x) furrl'si;'a lr,-,silasi y
n u q tasida
tasvirl angan, [-3 ; 2] kesnrani n g ga--vsi
/ ( x ) f u r r k s i . y i r s n gk a l l , a 1 1 i 1 ' n u a t gear i s h a < l i ?

10. Chizmada y: /(x) funksiva hosilasining

y = f'(x) graflgi tasvirlangan va alrsissao't4ida
 FUNKSIYANITEKSHIRISH

_: < l-a
I

l?. Chizmada(-t0; 14) 'rraligdaani,:llangan ;r =

'(.x') grafigi
.f(r) funksi.:a hosilasi ,: f ning
! =
14. Chizrnada(-1-0;4J c'r'aliqdaaniqhrrrgarr
'(x) tirsvi-rlungan. f (x) lirnli,sil'aning [-8; 1L]
= f
f(r) IirrrLsiya hosilasi y ning gruligi
-3] kesrnadagi ntalssimum nuqtalari sottiui
tasvirlangun. [-8; kesmaning clavsi
+^ . ' i . . - .:
rUfrrrer --:1.-..-
nurltasirJaI (r) tirnksi\ra etrg lticitil< clivnrirtga
e r i s h a r l i ?,

i-

18. Clrizmad (-7;10) ,rlaliqda anicllalgauy :

" '(x)
f(r) firrrksiva h,rsilasi y = f niirg grafigi
tasvirlangan. f ( r ) l i r r r k s i v a r r ! ng [-a; 5]
kesrnatlagi minimnnt uuqtalari souiui toping.
1 5 . C h i z r r r a d(r- Z ; f O ) oraliqtla irniqlang;arr /, =
f (r1 tunlisir-a hosil.rsi y
= f'(x) niug graligi
tasvir'fangnn. f (x) frrnlisiv,rrirrg (- 1; 9)
oralicldagi elis tremntrt nuqtalarini topirrg.

v
;
*

19. - 7 5 x * 23 iuhsivaning
3=.t3
r , r i r r i n r r r r r r r r r r 'r rr 'f -, r c i"r"t i f"n n i r r o
t""F-

20. Y =)f -LgL;\:-f 1"4lirhsivarring

nrirrilrrrrrrl rrrrt1t*sinitripirrg.
16. q-lhizlliaita{"-'l.rr;7j utaliq,{ir aniqlangair ;v = gl"
'{r} I=x5-5r3-?ll:T i'unksl'l'areaing
,f,(;r:l ['rrrri'si1,ailrsilasi -tr= f tling pgafisi
*1tr .&;er:,urau:lasi
[-7; tirF iratts t1ifi11u1itt1
{.urr.rsliiiiga$.,f(r} tlrni<si-r'aninE [-X.5;6]
topirtg,
Ittlcrtirrlagi elistretirr.rnr liuqtrriari r,i*rtini
E*pin g.,g,jl,trrriii,:r.1,
.-.il$tlrlf
.,)|T.{ig.fl

+99899.0
i4
 FUNKSIYAhIITEKSHIRISH

r!8
t-"'Lleuzilg*n, LTrigriiai*iri$ urini*h nltqietdi
absissasinit,:rping:" f,f$.:rer#r:rr
+t,ili{*g.+jtr,i€Kril

2. y=Ez-4x-I f i r r r i e s i v a n i nggr u f i g i g i :yi =

7x * 4 Lr.r'g'ri r:liiuiqq;* purullci qilib uriurrtar
o'tkazillqarr. Llrirmarrir-rg trliriish t'rtrqt*si
ahsissasilritopittg,

3.y : 6x - ?to'g'rir:hiziq ! = xi - Jra+ 6x - 9 9. Chizrrrnda Y = f(x)

luuksiya grafigiga uriusa. uririslr nuqLnsi funhsiya
il
y =-f(*) hosilasi -
absissasitritoping. y = f'(x) nulg
gratigi P.t-l\e.ed.itjr ,,-b$311'*
Sl1j 6li, ff
4" ? = 3x - Zto'g'ri ehiziq ! = x3 - lxz + 6x +
tassirlangau. y = f (x) funhsi\.'a grafigining Ox
7 funhsivrl grarfigiga trrinsa. urirrish nrrqLasi
o'qiga ,parallel y-oki u hilan ustna - ust
aheissasirritrrping.
Lushadigaur.urinrnalarining absissalarinitr.rping.
5. Chiznrada y = f(x) frrnksivaning grafigi
Ne9
tasr.irlanganva .,Tg ahsissalirltc{ta$iFattt'ittnra
'@i ni toping.
o'tliazilgan.f

6. i,lrizrnada y = f (x) lirnksiyaning graligi 10.

tasvirlangan va ,ro ahsissali nrrtltasiga ttt'innra
Clrizrrraday=f(x) funLsiva hosilasi - y=
'(xi
ootkazilgan. f ni toping.
/'(r)ning graligi tasvirlangan, y= f(x)
funksiya grafigining ! :3x to'g'ri chiziqqa
parallel voki ir Lrilau ustrua - ust lu;hudigart
urinmalarinirrgabsissalarirr
i topiug.

Ns l0
i l
-
1-'L
7, Clrizrnaila y = f (x) funl'situoiug grafigi .i il
i t
tasvirlaugan va fg arbsissalinuqtasiga urittma
'(.to)
o'tirazilgan. ,f ni toping.
g= /kl ,
t I 1 It ll '

l l . ( l h i z m a da ( - 6 ; 5 ) i n t e l v d d a a n i c l l a n g a/n =
f (r) lirnksim gra{igi tasvirldngarr. Funksiva
ti Je
grafigiuing uriutnasi y = -B to'€{'l'i chiziqqa
_1
I I parallel ho'lgannrrqtalarisonini aniqlang.
B. Chizmada y = f(x)
firnksiyarringgratigi tasr.itlangatt va /6 ah*iasali
' (xi
rrrrqtasigaurintna .r'tkazilgan. f ni tr:rpiug.
 R!SFI
FUNKSIYANITEKSI{!

belgilnngan.I{eltiri}gan nuqtalarelanqavsi k irida

firirlqsivah,isilasieng'katta b,:"ladi?

12. Chizuratla (-1.;12) intcn'alda aniqlangan

y = l(x) tiuihsiva hnsilasi - y - f irJ rririg
grafigi tasvirlangan" Y= f{x) lirnlisir,tr
grnligining nlirtrnasiT = 2x - L5 t.r'g'ri ctriziqrla
voki u bilan rrstrua - ust tushadigan
tr-ralallel
tr t! rrt g lirui srinin i tntrin.r.. !4r a'l .,,
--l-J-:"
.,l
).,
. - a/.-\ '' I
...---:-
. .
1,, ' li-1(:
r I \ / i-:l:,br.

absissrrlari -3,L,6,8 bo'lgan nriqtalari

bL:lgil.rngal;K.;ltirilg,lr nuqtalurclanqarsi biritla
ilasi cng liit:hik L,-,'ls di 7
iiurksi.vah,-rs

-l
q .II t 2 f,
\
*-

t r 3 .Y = - S x - t 7 toog'ri chiziq
/(x)
_ ^,,2 _

29x t L9 funksiva grafigining uriruuast bo"ls;r.tt

ni to1:,in',

l{. y - -7x - 9 to"g'ri chiziq f(x) = 4x?+ bx

firnksiva grafiginilig uritrruirsi. Urinish
19. (lhizrnada y: f (x) f i i n l < s i v a graiiginitg
rrrrqLalariningabsissasi rrlusbal l,o'lsa, b ni
absissafari -3,1,5,9 bo'lgan nrrqtalal'i
LuPrfiH' F il,'rircji.r.:i Stliflt i:tt:li:,=,.ii
L [relgiIangan. lteitiliI gan trtre1talatrian qavsi hirida
15. v = -4x - B toog'ri cl iziq f {x} :9xt + g
ilasi,n Li
Iirul.si va hr-,s t;LiL Jro'larli'j
br -l- L liinksiya gtrrfigirriug urittrnasi. Urinish
mrrlifiv bct'lsa,b Iti t.:,pitr5[,
nutitalal'iningabsissasi

I6. Clr.izmatia y = f {x) luuksivtt grafigiuing

alrsissalasi -3,1,6,8 trr-r'lgan nrrclt:llari
b'.:lgilalg un. Ktl t iril gan urrq lirlanlart qa v si hiri.l rr
il asi erlc'liic,hili bo'lrrtli'l
firnlisivi'rtrros

Y =.fi'tl

20. It ortrrtrrv riulclt,nl ' . , ' l ' ' r ' l ' ; L i ; i ; i ]:i'r jil :l{r.) =
- f ? - l -E f - 2 L { n r } ' . { r i n t ! } i i - \ : a T [rilall haral,:a'i
I _. r 'nuksi
er, ,Jt rn:rd,e grniigining
absi fi
.!.,6, L,o'lgar qtulari
 FUNKSIYANITEKSI-IIRISH

.lilrtoqda. l.nqtuirig d = 3 r: r*unrc-uf,i*,:lr,lirrrrng

r.ezlrgrni(rml;i toiiing.

2I" hfrid,-ti.r'nnqtir to'g'l'i '*hiaiq ho'3il*b :4"(f):

-r-4(m) qotrlrriysl liilan hslakai
*fu
qiirtoctrda. Lning tezlio'i vatltning- qril'si
6 (mlslrFa teng hri'larii?
r.nrrnrentirja

nuqta to'g"ri cliiziq b,i'vlal, trt't) :

22. }{r.,tl,-{i3'
27. Chizrultlit y = ,f ("r) i"urrksi"1,u grul"rg1
ta + Ztz - 5f - 18 {ni) r{curunivatbil,rri halakat
tasvirlallgan. 5r, X2,iU3,...,.{11 nuqlalardau
qilnroclda. Yrrqtnirrg f : 3 .srnc'rrrentit{agiruring
neeftl asirin lirrilrsiyu h osil:rsirrranfi v b,r'l.rdi ?
teziigini {r#.s)triping.

23. hlotldi;. nuc;ta toog'ri .r:hiziclho'\'laLr f{f) =

Y =.I(r)
+ At3 - 4* - 8f * (rni tluriuniyat Lrilan
|ta
liuuk:rt qilrnoqda. l'agLning f =Ls
I
morneutidagi rrning tezligini (m/s) t,rpiug. I
I
21. Clrizrnad.r I = f G) I'unlisiva graiigi
t:}'sf,i,il{}r4
- t Jl?
*fi-*? i:t+ ::;:,{lt
I :l
tasvirlarrElan. rt,''\2,K3,.,.,K7 nrrqtalaltlirn Ji .x5 .(6 ra Xe J'9

n er:htasiria iir n ksir.a h o.silasi m rrshat ho'ladi?

2{f. fjhi,gmada(-3;9) intervalrla anirilangany =

-./{-t} /(x) f'unksiya grafigi tasr,illarrg'au. Furiksir-a
s
hosilasi rurrsbat bo'latligan funlisiva grafigirrilg
trutulr kourdinatali urrqtallarinech[zr?

I
I
I

25. Chizmada y : f (x) funksil'a grafigi

tastirlangan, X1,X2,X3,.,,,X7 nucltalardan
nechtasida fuuksiva hosilasi rrralrfit bo'ladi?

.f(r)

29" {ihiznraday = fix} lirnfisivaning glaitEi ra

unga al',sissasi 16 rtirqtirsigao'tkazilgan ttrituna
'(xi
ta;r illaugan, f rri topiug.

26. Clrizuradu y = f (x) fulksi'r'a grafigi

tasr.irlangan. xyX2,X!,,,,,tX17 nttqtrrlardrrn
ner:ht irsidu furksi 1"a h osilasi rrtusbaL lrr-r'ludi ?

+99899.014.65.61
 RISH
F1'NKSIYANITEKSHI

terrglatnaniugx € [-2;4] ':,taliqdagi vec]rimalari

30, Chizrrraday = f (x) fulrLsivaning graligi va
rrnga alrsissasi16 nuqlasiga o'tkazilgatt uriurla sonini toping.
'(xi ni toping.
t a s v i , 'af n g a n. f

35. {lhizrnada y : f (x) firnltsir*a grafigi

tasviulirrrgal, K1,.T2,X3"..,X7 nuqtalardarr
n er:htasid a firnksir,a hosilasi ntttshratho'ladi'i
31. {jhir.maday = f (r) {irriksivaninggr:rtigi va
unga ahsissasiffg nuqtasiga o'tkaziigatr lrl'inma v
'(xi ni toping. It tJ
tirsvirlaugan.f I J
fl
v' \ \
I
I
I

I 0 I
, l

u fY t I
I I
t1 t

I I 11 x Ll 16 x. x
\
I
\ Y \
.U tll

36. Clrizrnada y = f (x) firnksiya grafigi

t : r s v i r l a r r g a' n X 1 , X 2 , X 3' ,' , n X 7 n u r l t a l a r d a l
u eohtasitla fuirksiya h,:,silasirnanfil' bo'ladi ?
l]2. Chizrr-ratlay = f (r) fuulcsiYalinq grafigi va
uugu alrsiusasi.fg uuqtasigu o'tli.rzilgan urilrnat v
t a s t i r l a n g a n f. ' ( x i n i t o P i n g . I t I
\ I ll
x L r Yr
I I
I
a 0 r. 16 .U
\ , \ ./
T /_-

3?, Clrizrrrada y = f (x') full'siva gtr{iginirrg

(lhiznrada(-4;6) irtei'valda aniqlarig*ri1,t=
;'1,3. absissalari .-5,-4,-"1,t bo'lgan rrr.rqtalari
=t} Irelgilarrgrur.Iiel t irilgan rruq qa1'sibiritl:r
Lalurtlarrt
f{r} lirriksiya grafigi tasvirlangien"f'(x)
tenglantaningver;hinralarisonini topirrg" fuuksiya hosilaEieng liatta boolrdi?

v =I(x,, v v
A 1
t
] Jrlrl f
{'
I c J
t
l'I
I I _l \
\ I

4 '! ] \ D r
T
T
I t
I

lll, Chianiadat'-5: 7) intervaida ;rniqlarrglany = d

'{r) = [}
f (:rl fiurLsir-r, grarfigr tasvirlangart' ,f

+99S99.fl
14
 FUNI{$IYANITEKSHIRI$Fi

: f {-x'} futrkoiya g;rafigiuing Ii rrpilasi rnarri'iiy b':,'l;rrlip;"rnfurihsiva gra{ip:ilrir,

g'
"3S. Chizruacla y
afrsis*afarr" -6, - t, 1, + rrugtelari butr,-lli;oordi nii-ralinneltaiiqli n eeltta?
lllJg_.r,t
hclgiiarneau. Kcltir ilean uuqt alar'tlareq 4.1'si
biri,Ia v '(
funi'si1'*Lcsilusi<rigLi,:l,ik L.,oirdii \L ]
/
rl !
/ \
t
I f. t

I A
l, )
6 3 4
.ii,r:')::,tlC+rf _61'iiiij,*$'iq:"{i1i{;,i
ll9" Cliizm;rda f(.x) frrtksil'-a*irrg hn:rsilasiy =
/'(r) {irnksiyaning grafigi ta,;virlaugartr. y =
= -13.{lliizrnada(-Z; B) interr,;rldaanicllaugalY =
/ftt) lunLsil"a grafigiga u'[kuzilgau urinruu y
3x * 2 to'g'ri <'iriziqqaparallcl ],oki u hilau ustrrra /(x) iunksi.r'u grafigi tusvirlangau, FrurLsira
- ust I ushutligunnuqLalarinirrgabsissasinit opilg. grafigining urinmalari y:$ to'g'r'i chiziqqa
parullcl bo'lgair r uqraluri solirii t t.rgriug,
v
t
v
\ ft ,l \
1 / I
\ r) ryry
I
l

5 l x D )
\

'1O, filiizrnad,r /{r) lirnksi-vari'ingh,rsilasi y = {-1"{llrizrnad (-2; B) ilterr.alda aniqlangan y =

funl'siyaning grrligi Lasvirlangau' y = "
i'(x) f(r) funksiva gr"rfigi Lasvirlangal. f'(:v) = I
/ (r) tunksivaning uliuruasi atrsissa o'c1iga tenglarnaning ildizilari s,rtrinitr:rping.
par.rllel vol'i u Ltilan ustur:r - usL itrshadigarr
u ut1t alaliniug absissainitopin g.

45. Chizruada y = f(r) fulksivaruing (-7;a)

irrtervalila- aniqlangan y: -hosilasirrilrg
41" Chizrnada(-5;6) intcrr"alclaaniqlangany = f'tx)
graligi tssrlirtunaan. x e l-L;3] l"esnaningg qar;si
f(x) tirnksiva grafigi tasvirlangan. lrurihsiva =
iirrqtasida y f tx) firnl,;si1,a eirg l"ntta qivrirat
hi.,silasiurrrsi;at Lro'latligan fiurksivn glaligiuirrg
clahul qiladi? ?,/,3fs6J$-f,:-t"q[99$1{,.f*.,!1
LtuLunk,retrdinatalinurqtalari nct:hta?
v k)

\ t
'(
\
\

'(-7;5)
y'= f(x) fuuksi;'-airing
{6.r C}riarrra,Ju
y :
4 2 . ( j h i z n r a d a( - 5 ; 7 ) i n t e r v a i d aa n i q l a t r g a n
irrtervaltlaaniqlangany : f'(x)-hosilasining
f (r) funksi-va grafigi tasvirlaugatr. Rrnksil'a graligi tasvirlangan,x e I-6;-21 kesmaning

+99899.01
 FU5{K$lYAf\l I TEKSFllRl Slt

uaysi luqtasida y: f {x) Iirnksiya errg kichik 50. ehizrnada y = f(x) I'unksiyauing (-4; t0)
qi.vrnatqahrrI qi ladi? iirtr:rvaltla aniqlangau y = f'(x) -hosilasurilg
v grafigi' tasvirlarigart. y : f(x) {irnksivaning
a- kam ayish c,r'alicllarin
i topin g.
I , )
I \ I v
\ I \ I
v
D \ /
\ D I J I
i ):
a
,

-l?. Clriznatl^ y = /(x) fiurksivaning (-B;7)

intcrvalda aniglangan y: f'(x) -hosilasining
, , . . -- r j(-1c,i. , 1- . - " r ; - , 1 . - 1 - . . - . , - ". 3
f t/-\ { \ . . - , 1 ; . - ; - =- r - : . - . - . - 6
ei!

l-+;31 kcsuraga rugishli rninirnrrm nurllalari

s<.ruiurLr.rSrilg,

4{t. Chiz.maday = y'(x) firnksivariing (-8;7)

intervalda aniqlangan y = f'(x) -hosilasiliug
grafigi taslirlangatr. y: f (x) funksilauing x €
?A; -Zl kesnragar tegishli maltsin4umnrrqtalari
soninitoping.

_i x

.19. Chizrnad$ y = f(x) lirnksi]'r.rling (-9:a)

intelvalda anirflangan y : f'(x)-hosilasinirrg
glafigii tusvirlaugau., = f(.x) funksir-aning
,1'5!5!1 -rt'i'liii-tt-tjr;}1$
,113!!r1!arilit'-.l.ilri{.f r} lrie{r:;'.'r lir-:;,iJ

v
I
{

{ x

f,.$.'i'.SQ0V+:j9899.
tll 4,65.i5
I
 ZI talik sovoflorgagisqojovoblcr.
l) Funksiyaning o'sishoralig'i hosirag'afiginingrnusbaioralig'ihisoblanadi. x1ix2i x7. J; 3 ta.
2i Funksiyaning kamayishoralig'i hcsilagrafigiriingn:*nfi3,orrlig,i lrisoblanadi. 16. J: I ta.
3) Funksiyaning o'sishoralig'i hositra
grafiginingmusbatorarig'ihisoblanadi. l
xr; xl ; xr,. J: 3 ta.
4i Funksiyarring kamayishoralig'i hooilagrafiginingma'fiy orarig'ihisoblanadi. x1i x2|xai x1s. J: 4 ta.
5) Funksiyaning o'sishoralig'i hosilagrafiginingmusbatoralig'ihisoblanadi. x=2;S;6. J: J ta, ;I
6) Funksiyaningkamayishor.alig'ihosilagrafiginingmanfiy oralig,i hisoblanadi.x=I;l;3;6. .,1
J: 4 ta.
7) Funksiyaningo'sish oralig'i hosilagrafiginingmusbatoralig,i hisoblanadi,riti )is i
i xaixti )h. J: 5 ta.
8) Funksiyaningo'sishoralig'i hosilagrafiginingmusbatoralig'i hisoblanadi.,16.
J; 1 ta.
9) Funiaiyaningkamayishoraiig'i hosiiagrairginingmanfiy oraiig"rhrsoblanadi..yr?.
J: I ta.
l0) Funksiyaningkamayishoralig'i hosilagrafiginingrmanfiyorarig'i hisoblanadi.x2)
xj ) xa)x5i x6. J: 5 ta.
lliHosilagrafiginingmpsbatoralig'ifunksiyaningol-sishoralig'ihisoblanadi. r=[-5;-l]u[2;8]uIll;12)
l2) Hosilagrafiginingmanfiyoralig'i funksiyaning kamayishor.alig,ihisoblanadi. .i=(-l;0 ju[9;12J
13) ':r= [-3;2] oraliqdahosilaishorasimanfiy uchun funksiyabu oraliqdadoim kamayuvchibo'ladi. Kamayuvchi
1t:f(x)
funksiyalarda'hrgumentning biror orariqdagikichik qiymatidafunksil,sningkartaqiymati Irosil bo,ladi,,
cegitr'qdruas;ga
asosanx:3:da engkattaqiymatgaerishadi:'r,?-t)rr,qroirr-tgtgg.S:t".6$fi1 :,
14) -r = [-8 ;-3] oraliqdahosilaishorasiraanfiy uchuny:f(x) funksiyabu oraliqdadoim kamayuvchi
bo,ladi.Kamayuvchi
funksiyalarda"argumentningbiror oraliqdagikattaqiymatidafunlcsiyaning kichik qiymati hosil bo'ladi,,deganqoiaislga
asosan-r-.J da engkichik qiymatgaerishadi.
15)Funksiyahosilasininolga aylanfiradigansonlarekstremurn(mar. va rrin.) nuqtalardir. fi
x:3. J: I ta
16)Funksiyahosilasininolgaaylantiradigansonlarekstremumnin.)ntqtalardir.x:-14;-ll;-g;-4. , ;:}j,
{ntax.va J:,4ta
17)max.nuqtabu- hosilaishorasining "+" dan"-" ga o'tishnuqtasi,x=g. J: I ta
18)min' nuqtabtr- hosilaishorasining "-" dan"+" ga o'tishnuqtasi.x=_5va x:6. Lekin bularberilganoraliqqategishlimas.
J:0 ta

50 tolik savollorga
gisgojovoblor.

3 ) U r i n r n a n i n g b u r c h a k k o e f f i t s i y e nft(ial e) 6=, k = 6 = 3 x 2 - ? t + 6 , 3x2-b=0, x 1= Q , 1 s r = ) i J .

5)6)7)+ 8)(-4;-3)va(4;-5)nuqtatardano'tuvchivch.tenglamat,
-{-:;-=XXl!, z=-at, J: f ,{xo).=p=-114
9) Funksiyaningmca' va mtu. nuqtalangao'tkazilga:ruinmalaf ox o'qiga parallelbo'ladi yoki u bilan
ustma-usttushadi.Funksiya
hosilasininolgaalantiradigan sonlarmax.va rrrirc.nuqtalardir.Chizmadabundaynuqtabitta x:4.
l0) Urinmay= 3x tlch.qaparallelbo'lishi u-n / (ri) =f =3 shartbajarilishikerak.Hosita3 ga teng bo'ladigan
nuqtalar2 ta (4 va a)
I l) Funksiyaningmax.va min. nuqtalarigao'tkazilganurinmalary=-g to'g'ri chizig'iga tlch.qayoki
6,=a Ox o,qiga)parallelbo,ladi
yoki u bilanustma-usttushadi.Chizmadabundaynuqtalar 6 ta.
12)Urinmay=2x-15tlch.qaparallelbo'lishiuchun /(i0.1=k=2 sharlbajarilishikerak.Hosila2garengbo'ladigannuqtalarsoni4ta
1.4)y:4x"+bx,.v=&ti4 y'@il=Bxo+b, y(rd=4x02+bt, ./=(Br0+b)(x-xs)+4xfi+bxo,1,=(&rs+Dp-&rfr
-bxn+4xfi+bxn

/=(&h +Qx-axfi=-7: -9 xo:t3/Z sharlgako,rax.musbar,

x6=3/2. B.}+b=-1, b=-t9
{Yfrl-,
15)y=9"2+fi'+1, y'=18x+b, .y(rd=1&ro+4 y{*o)=9,4+&.q+1, y=(B.r.e+b)(;-..vs)+9d+Dxs+1,

;, = (8.re+b)x-er12+1, =l r0 = rl, shangako,ra xj manfiy, .t6=_.t, -18+b--4, b=14. J: b=14

[?y;..i
l7) J: x=6da,chunki
qolgan
nuqtalar
tunksiyaning
kamalish
orarig'idan
tanlangan.
ru-uyou.rriFuo*;il*it'l.i3l*f;f
|;lliliilft.
hosilamanfiyqiymatgatengbo'ladi.
I 8) Funksiyaningkamayishoralig'iga qaraymiz.
24) 2Ia, x1; x7.
28) 3tr., x=2,r3,n6

29)(3;2)va (5;3)nuqtalardan o'tuvchit/ch.tenglama -fr=#if , I:8k, J: ,f (xe)=ft=17g. Il-usul:yoki shuikkinuqrani

"rt
tutashtirganto'g'ri chiziq va matematikkatakchalarorqali TBU yasab,uning o'tkir burchagitangensinitopsakham.bo"ladi.
Faqat
bundatangensning ft o'qining musbatyo'nalishibilan hosil qilganburchaginitanlashkerak.
30)(-2;3)va(-6;4)nuqtalardano'tuvchi urinmatenglamasini,y=lct+bnitopsak,y-l/4x+Zjbo'ladi.Bundan, I

f'(ifr);k={.ps il
3l)(l;l)va(5;4)nuqtalardano'tuvchiruinmatenglamasini,_v:lo*bnitopsak,y:3/4x+t/4bo,ladi.Bundan,
f'(n)=k=3.1,+ t
!l

F.O'ft0Q0 +99899.0t
4.65.61 I
I'

t
 bo'ladi.Bundan,f '@)=k=a2
o'tuvchiurinmatenglamasini,y=b+bnitopsak,y=-0,2x+0,8
32) (-l;l) va(-6;2) nuqtalardan
33) J''Qc)=0niyechsak,funksiyaningmax.va nrln.nuqtalarinitopganbo'lamiz.Bundaynleer.va min.nuqtalarSta.
3$ f '(x)=O ni yechsak,
funksiyaning max. v& rzirz. topgan
nuqtalarini bo'lamiz. Bunday n qx. va min. wtqtalar6 ta.
35)Funksiyaningo'sishoralig'idahosilaishorasimusbatbo_'ladi.O'sishoralig'idagibutunsonlar: xlixjlx5]x7. J:4ta..
361Funksiyaning kamayishoralig'ida hosilaishorasimanfiy bo'ladi. Kamayishoralig'idagisonlar:r1,'xt i xs i x6. Jt 4ta.
39) Urinmay:3x+2 tlch.qaparallel bo'lishi uehun/(16)=&=3 shartbajarilishikerak./ (-l)=3 J: x:l
40) Furksiyaningmax.va nin. nuqtalarigao'tkazilganwinmalar @yo?qigaparallelbo'ladi yoki u bilan ustma-usttushadi.Funksiya
hosilasininolgaaylantiradigansonlarmax.va nin. nuqtalardir.Chizmadabundaynuqtabitta x:5.
41) Funksiyaning o'sishoralig'idahosilaishorasimusbatbo'ladi.O'sishoralig'idagibutunsonlar:-2;-1; 0; 1. J: 4 ta.
42) Funksiyaning kamayishoralig'ida hosilaishorasimanfiy bo'ladi. Kamayishoralig'idagibutunsonlar:-3;-2; 1;2; 5; 6. J: 6 ta,
43) Funksiyaningmax.va min. nuqtalarigao'tkazilganurinmalar;r=f t/ch.qaparallelbo'ladi. BundaynuqtaLar 4 ta'
a\ f '(r)=0 ni yechsak,funksiyaningnxax.va nzin.ntqlalaini topganbo'lamiz. Bundaymax.va ztln. nuqtalar5 ta.
45) r = [-1 ;3]oraliqdahosilaishorasimanfiy uchuny:f(x) tttrt&isiya
bu oraliqdadoim kamayrvchibo'ladi. Kamayuvchifunksiyalarda
"argumecfiingbiror oraliqdagikichik qiymatidafunksiyaningkaftaqiymati hosil bo'ladi" deganqoidasigaasosanx:.1 da eng
katta qiymatga erishadi. f i,."r+ij,:i: -i i-l:]3,l9.ttriJ 4:5.i.t"i

46) x=l-6;-Zloraliqdahosilaishorasimusbatuchuny=f(x) funksiyabuoraliqdadoimo'suvchibo"ladi.O'suvchifunlcsiyalarda

"argumenbring biror oraliqdagikichik qiymatidafunksiyaninghamkichik qil.rnatihosil bo'ladi" deganqoidasigaasosans-6 da
engkichik qiy.nnatgaerishadi.
47) min. nuqtabu - hosilaishorasining"-" dan "+" ga o'iish nuqtasi. J: Lia;. x=2 ,::
48) max.nuqtabu - hosilaishorasining"+" dan "-" ga o'tish nuqtasi.J: I ta, x = 4$ !
=
49) :r (-f;-8lu[-5 ; -1]v[ ; 4)
50) v: 2lu[0;3]t.,[s;9]

s#qi{L*s€'{ r{dNi*g{ !

1. . Sosfrfang' icfrfun {si1a aa uni topisfrfo nnuk tari.

"" 2.'' Eiror nuqta{ano'tuacfti 6osfttang' icfrfun fra1
a.
[,
{g,'
,.,,tr.,,, t ezfi4, t ez knisrtta6 fr
os kng' ic hfunQgi1 a'
4. rDiffirensiaf teng{ama.

l. Funksiyaning
boshlang'ichihosilaamaligateskariamalbo'lib,funksiyaning hosilaolinmasdan
oldingiholatinitopibberadi.
f(x) tunksiyaning
boshlang'ichiF(x) bo'lsa,F'(x)=f(x)bo'lishikerak. lnl: f(x)=7*0 F(x)=*rag tek: F'(x): f(x;=7*0*O
2)f(x)=l}'1n3 F(x)=3^*a 3)f(x)=52' F(x)=th'521+C
Boshlang'ich ftnksiyani topish formulalari: f:.f1?*ejirl'.9"t-9$391}
*It-J.S...-in

t(x)
dx
''-
lnd

-lnlcasrl+{

+99899.01t|.{)5.6t
 /ft)=# =4r;=:t.x-zrsF(31=1s-*?,T'-qror:s1."*+c,
z)q4:#="-+ F@1:1f} =2.,,t.t-c.
i r l * i - .- u u .J ' + r - a L 5
3) fr:.1=.{ft = {r'r-4)..u = t ? o + . , u t . F r x J ={a3 -r*.3 :1rt+a
' 1 < *;?a,;=1..;i1q
a . + 1- J . l - I r ; )
"lx
: :i:r,'.: Suratdao'zgarr;vchi qatnasholasava maxrajdagio'zganrvchining darajase1 bo'lsa, boshiang'ich f-ya ln li bo'iadi.
i: ,:::1..'-
Agar inaxrajdagi dara3aleo'rsaikichi 2 va undan vuqori hu'isa, maxrajdagi i{bdani ylqoriga chiqarib boshlang'ich olamiz.

t'4't'tfix)={ rrA=*r""', ,{d=;5 F{.r)=bl.r--51"

,,'(.9=5(.,hF(;}=flnl"-;zl

$\: t'1ft4=#=,.t Firi :{#i :=i+c /,:4:C$u:4{.r-5)-8 Fi"): {x:;?-8tsl- k=?u *,

i:'iil; 'r , ': . : ir4urakkabfunlesiyaningargurneniidachiziqli funksiyabo'lsa,boshlang'ichoiayotgandauningburchakitoeffitsiyentini
teskarisini oldingako'paytmaqilib chiqarishkerak.Agar'funksiyadan formulalaryordamida boshlang'icholib bo'lmasauning
kcr'rinistrini o'zgartirishkerak{4,5,6,10 misollar)voki j avoblardan
,1tr,12,13,14,15 hosilaolib (7,8,9misollar)tekshiribko,rishker.ak.
ft1;1\f(x):sinLx F(x):-f cos3.,r+C z)(x)=-frsfi' F(x):{Lr1cos5') 5x)+C
+=}loi.o.
' = cos*+J-,
1) /.ir)
t ul).r- t
F(") = 2sin*+4h l|r-r l+C 4) y=cos2x= = 0,5+0,5cos2x y=0,5x+0,25sin2x+C
ryt?t

;i)/(rr=+, F(.")=10
./(r)=t0.5t2-+, +++
urrr4
(-z)=----20:.+c
r/g:.' h Sl2J5l2.r
6)f(t:):cos3r'sitt2x, f(x)= -0,5sittx+0,5sin5x, F(x)=0,5cosx-l,lcos5x+C

7) f(x):s6tr.tsittt Fix)=esin::49 3\f(x)-.casxt +C' . 9) /Iir) =

f1r1:g,5sinx2 F(t=hl"'' -4*,

70, 1i,12, 13-rnisollargaizoh qoldirmayapmiz,o'ylaymizki,zukkoo'quvchiLaro'zlwi xulosa"-,

chiqarib,o'zlar.iuchunyechishusuli
yaratiboladilar'.Eslatmatarzidaaytishmumkinki,kasrningko'rinishini o'zgartirayotganda,
suratidagiboshkoeffisentningdarajasi
marrajdagisidan kiehikbo'lishikerak.( I 0,I 2,I 3-misollar)

r0),rr..,1=s n>= ?4b^:?{t31=}sa-J-1!-, F(r)=5.,*6.75rn

|2r-31+c
*).r(e="=*;,
no= =*.#
,,:ft-n- A=*1,=,=+=-+,
u=*i"=,=+=+,
fti=-+ *.+ * r; Fft):-1t"4"-tt*?"F-Z=Jffi"c x+1,'7T.r1,'::,i,;r*0.:
r,{ilitii'i,i5j+.€s..:+
t2).r(x)=##n,-r(x) =Gm =#f'r,:6=S*;!6
, l4x-321 -+
"= .,.-ro
l' B=y#|,=ru=E#=T,
=z=--14=+' f{x)t+}'}r"+ *
'r:
F(x):x*+W-a*ToF-r{+c x+2,r6
i,.. .,.r.- .'.-3,,-l - -. _ {."r3-'5v2+6v,\+(5.r2-6:.-r-l) 5.?-6:;-r-i i;:2-,itti
Lt1 1qJ;=Fffi, i\x)
'n=ffi$1,=o=t.
a=1ft$i,=r=
ry=-+,c=ftffi"=,=?,
r { x=) i * # - # T * # T r : F ( x ) : ' * } r , . H - } n F - 4 *t ^ V - { * c x+o,2,3
14).f(r)=rJlA, /(x)= (x- t +rhEJ = tx -D++1r-9*, = 1x-l>1* A -A1* c
r4-r1f !
(:r*g]=q.r*gi-X**11+(.r+gi,
rs\J(\)=xzJ;+1,f(x)=(x2+l-l)..,GJT=[:r+l)2-4r+g+d
n i n ^ 5 ^ 3
p 1 4= t ) , - 2 . i 1 ( x + l ) T+ 4 W + l ) z + C
;(x+ 3
I dx '
"'
ro/J
;2 +Itu*%
=J
#r-,
llq-r+sy
x+5=I , t+r=arctgt+C,+
r t+t2
'J'.arctgdx+5)+C
:arctglx+5)+c t7)n1 | 3d, -, I ^..-,-;r'
Jifr=t'fiu'ctsfi+c
2.Boshlang'ich funksiyaning umumiyko'rinishi+ F(x)+f. M: y:x-x2l2funksiya
boshlang'ichining
umumiyko'rinishiniva
(6;0)nuqtadan
o'tuvchi
boshlang'ich
tunksiyasini
toping. V= xz-{ +C O=S-ff+C C = t8 V=t rz- + ta
| "r f "r
fvJ;Boshlang'ich
funksiyasini
toping,agalu berilgannuqtadan
o'tsa.
t -
/(d=#;:, rraffi;-r). =--ct$x.t+c -t=-*',{j
F(r) c:-r+{ =-2, rr.t=-*'S.-*
#)-,
3. Tezlanishdan
boshlang'icholsaktezlikni,tezlikdanboshlang'ich
olsakyo'lni topganbo'lamiz. A(t): v(t)+C V(t):S(t)+C
+99899.014.65.6
|
{vi: v(t)--4t-1qonuniyatbilan harakatlanadiganjism 5 sekundda23 m yursa,yo'l tenglamasinituzing. E.f}:',r,i,!*t:+i$g*sf,)r,1 tT.$ii.si
v(t):S(0=2Lt+C 23:2'25-5+C c:-22 S(t):2*-t12
2* 2*
4. Differensialtenglamaning umumiy ko'rinishi + Ay-!y'=g fr{:2p3y' V'=4t y= ui* Tek: 3 ' ( e - T )" ' = 2 ' e t '

'
2)30y+25y'=Q, 25y':-3gr, y':-*y, yFe :)pl00y" (y"-ikkimartahosila)y'=0,1eo,k Y" =0,01eol'r

.I:5eo'Lt
4) y"= 49y 5sin7x yoki ycosTx

{ * ir H # l $ $ { . ,

1. Integrafvaintegra[formukkri. -
2. ,4ni4integrat I
J. tffiegrd[Xossatan. . "'
4. trgri cfriziqfi tra.petsi]aningJuzi,
5. A1fannajismning ftajni.
6. (o'(, tezfifraa tezfanisMa aniq integrafninqqo'ffanitkhi.

1. Boshlang'ichfunksiVlnitopishamaligainteglallash amali deyiladi.Eoshlang'ichfunksiyanitopishformulalariintegral

formulalariuchunhamo'riniidir. Integrallanuvchifunksiya' I va

2. A^garintegralchegaraqiymatlaribilan berilganbo'lsa,bunga

Bundaa soniquyi chegara,b soni y.uqoriclregaranibildiradi. Aniq integralquyidagipha

hisoblanadi:Nyuton-Leybnitsiorinulasi:,
b J

I r tur =r(.rjl
'1..=
p'ta)
- r'(or M: JIr=l 3,=Jrnb.r-X+]sin5'3-(1hF6-1-lsintot=
^ *.o*s.t)d.r=lhbx-el+]sinsJ
J- 'Jx-.z
'
I | | J i-L J | | J
'J I i )
-2
l , - l - l , ^ | . _ i - 1 | . .
= 7 + f s r nI 5 - i l n 8 - j - s i n l 0 = T l n g + f ( s i nl 5 + s i l rl 0 )
5ln

fvl:ir,'$u'=-+*'+l+=-! *,$-r+*,+ =-t o-t,-*, =-*

,T 6 6

f v l : l a " = l l . d r= . ,l !r = 6 - 3 = 3
J J
-ttlT I L 3 3
b a a
I. Aniqintegraldachegaraqiyrnatlario'rninialrnashtirsahqaranra-qarshifunksiya
- -[
3, hosilbo'ladi.Boshlanglcholrnasdantrribminusniyokibilorko'payayotgan
sonn iolding achiqarish murrkin.
tq xa' =[ b i14a,= b r @),a1
e k
f. L, f. L, I r^ rDe
fvi: Jl(4-}a*= l(;!-pr=+rr.4r-qt;:vp.n14e-e)-0,5.1n(k-eJ:05.(ln3e-lne)=0J.ln3=h'6
e - t x J L \ - e z ' ' t r
2e
2
-+. tz-xl zt z
26!.y=t- "_-t .(_2)=_4 2)=a
,trf^=a-?a
!^#=!ro-t' -z-,
I , t - - . '

E I f T T
| - f . l I - . , t . t I f - 1 1 , , , 1
i v f : j s m - r c o s J . r c o s U * = J s m . \ ' b c o s x + T c o st x ) c f t = S { 7 s m . r c o s - r * 7 s u r - r ctoxs) d r = J ( ; s m 4 r + J - s { i ( - o ; r ) + 7 s u & . r J i l i =
0 0 0 0

= 4, -r-4 sinss= - { cos2xn * rornn- * r"ra, lf;= - I -,-l- - I - r-

+ sin(-6.r) t a + -l- - *t = o
q inz" 4
+ + d tL rz ru E'Iz 32 8 12 32t-"
t b {

II. r\gara<b<cba'lsa, I Jt Ytx= | 7'(.r')dr

+ Lf rld, tenglikc'rinli.
J J ]
a d h

III. Modulli funkdiyalaminganiq integraliquyidagichahisoblanadi;chegaraqiymatdagisonlarnimodulningichidagiifodaga

qo'ygandamusbatva manfiybc'ladiganaraliqlarga ularniqo's?ramiz.
hisoblab,
4jratibalohida-alohida
:5 - l 5
Fl, il.,+{ar=.i{-r-ildx+ =-t"'-{-+o:)+f,+ 5-+-r)=0,5+
tr,5+17,5+0^5=2
-3
J{;-r1}rl*{-+-'i:1*+."'',Fr
-3 -!

+99899,C
14.{55.S1
 intj rt! tn/J
lso 't 'r,
l?f I I
l ? tl 2 l-'- 11
=l-++t+t-*+',=4-',1!
lT

zr/2 3n/J lnt 3 3n / 2 LE / l

T
J - l

f , , |. - | i
-+-(J.-trt=-i2
t.l f lli-:ld-':= l13-2xld:'= (3."-.,,"jj1-ii=-f , : i - ' J : , I :i , r i - - , j i ; : , , : : . r r e . ,
12 12
4" Baiandda:-rft,') funksiya l/a pa$ldan gi! fLinksii'a irilan, chapdal x=a va,o'ngden.r--Jr
to'g'ii chiziqlai bilan chegaralangan t'iguraga egri chiziqli trapetsiya deyiladi. tr-lningyuzi
quyidagicha topiladi: chegara qiymatiali bilan integraini yozamiz,l.uqoridagi f,rnksiyadan i'{r:\
b
pastdagisiniayirib integralnihisoblaymir. lS: f [f-trt - c(.!)h

Egri chiziqlitrapetsiyayuzinihisoblashda
F:Sf:.AT'l\'i,{: shundalrsohanibo'yashkerakki,uningarr-ofifaqatmisolshartidakeltirilgan
yoki to'gri chiziqlarbilan chegaralangan
funksiyalar bo'lishikerak,
, 4
fi: l-misol. y: , . v:0, x:4 va x=7 chiziqiari bilan chegaralangan soha lmzirii toping, (1-r.asmJ
l:;

ifo - =r-..]o' =i ( -l=U- =4.i'|.'

I
- ]r 17= 4.tn4- a.h t = 4.tn4
l.,
J\
r' J-.r'i J\.r-J J '
l+
2-rnisol.V: Jx va y:x' funksiyagrafiklari orasidagisohayuzini toping.(2-rasm.)Awal ikkala grafikningkesishishnuqtalarini
(chegara qiymatlami)topamiz.JT -- *' x=x' xr=0 x2=1. Qaysifunksiyayuqorida,qaysinisipastdajoylashganini bilish uchun
(0;i) oraliqdansonberamiz,masalanx=l/4 da f J; :l12 gava yel=1116, (l/z)>fi116)uchun5.F filrksiyayrqoridanc,,radi.
I
tl r ,\, ) , , I - l l
(Jx -,'r:pr =i:.rr'5 - * *'l = 2 / 3 - I / 3 - (0 - 0) = 1/ :
J
b - ' 1 0
3-misol.y= .t +J , y= .6 -r va 50 chiziqlarbilan chegaralangan sohayuzini toping. (3-rasm.).Awal ikkala grafikningkesishish
nuqtasinitopamiz. x+3=5-x, x=l. Yuqoridaikkita funksiyabo'lganligi sabablishaklningluzini ham ikki qismgabo'lib, alohida-
alohidayuzalarinitopib,qo'shamiz.l'{:}'rs -ii}iiil:.i*:t.{;1,::tl..{i!

4-misol.Figura5x2+1, 50, x=0, x=l chiziqlarbilanchegaralangan. 5x'+l funksiyagrafigigashunday(xe;y6)nuqtanitopingki,

undanbu funksiyagafigiga o'tkazilganurinmafiguradanengkattaluzali trapetsiyaajratsin.(4-rasm.)
Yechish: engkattayuzali trapetsiyadeganiuchunyuzadanhosilaolib nolgatenglashtiribyechamiz.Yuzani topishuchunyuqoridagi
funksiyadanpastdagisiniayirishkerak.Yuqoridaurinmatenglamasituribdi. Urinma tenglarnasinituzamiz.y=1/(x0)6-:')+y(x)
y':Zx, y'gi=2xs, y(xo):x2o+!, y=2x6ft-xo)+x2o +1, !=2cq-x2o+1,

5-misol.y:x2n, n e ly' , 5l. (S-rasm")licclrish; 5x2n funksiya datajalifunksiya.Chunkio'zgaruvchiasosda.

(o'zgaiuvchi
darujadabo'lganidako'rsatkichlifunksiyabo'laredi.).n nahrralva 2n juft.son. (0;0) ( 1; | ) (-1 ;l )

f \- in -q-r
-;frr =,-#n =*k (2rr+ i sor,i ioq sori.sllrrniiiguchun (-llzD+! = .-1.)

3 -rasm

+99899.014.65.61
 hosil bo'lganjismning sirti va hajmi: (4-rasnt
5. 1.r7-funtslyanila:bloraliqdaO:r o'qi atrofidaaylantirishdan
b
I + U' @))2dt v = n.l f2u\dt f(x)
a

M, r= {t tunksiyaniAx o'qiatrofida aylantirishdanhosil f.tl'

bo'lgan jismning x:3 va x:6 oraliqdagi hajmini toping. (5.rasm )
6. z
'=" Ir, J
+.rl::,(#-#)=,,
!!'a,=,
k ,^-- ^-\

{(+.r'a,=r
2-misol.V:f:,'+f,S V:f"+l x:3vax:6 jismni-ro'qiatrofidaaylantirishdanhosil

bo'lgandevonringhajrninltaping.(6-rasnt)
(6-rasm )
6 6 6 6 1 ,
v=, Ir!**s,a.-, .i* x+t\z/2s
=" i r# . *!v. - ni,#- - . +. tvx
'- !
=r.1ft++. +f - ",# . + .'f =
3 3 3 3 lr lr

_ -r ur i.)\ ? sf -, t-:,E)-t . 4 _ _
= 4 4s __*Tl -_=.n' .1( '*-. -+.l t; =
8 "' T P t # . * _ * _ * , = J i r {s n , t
"

E,S'r$ii,y.i +S:SS?$.til+
65.*i1

Egri chizqli M;V : 2t-4 te ayotganjism 5 - va 7 - sekundlarorasida

yoyuzun lig i qanchamasofanibosibo'tadi.

2
=I *+ ^=,dt-t)l'[2=tg{ot-ts?+)=
6 zcos'(V-j)

,') :, .'i -l l ''i'

v fi'l: Chizrnadapf(x) funksiyaninggrafigi iasvirlanganbo'lib,

v- t 1 + F(i) uningboshlang'ich funksiyasi.Chizmadan foydalanib,
I F(8)+F(-3)ni hisoblang.
\ I A) -33,5 B) 33,5 C) 31,5 D) -31,5
L 0 J J
W l.'echisb:Berilganshaklnianiq figuralarga(uchburchak,
tolrt-
\
burchak,...)ajratibyuzalarniqo'shamiz.O.ro'qidanpastdagi
I yuzalarrnanfivvuzalar,yuqoridagiyszalarmusbatyuealar
\ / I hisoblanadi.
B (Soarc+ SacrrJrur + SGFs)+ (SobL* Snu ) :
-4 D :{-28-3+4,5-2) + (-4+l) =-31,5 (D)
\
:+

2 - l
ivl, te- - \dr:7 Uo'lsa, /(4rlr ni qiyrnatinitoping. Yechisir:/(! f,rnksryaning
,boshlang"'ichi
F(rJ bo'{sin.L]hold; bir
-Iu f
-, 'r
,. l-t t l.>
r
| - { { x M x = F { . '| ) [' i- :- F ( - 1 ] - F r - 1 1 ) i t b d a n i n g q i y m a t i n i t o p i s h i m i z k e r a.l l.-. . f { 2 . t - f r , t r = 1 " + n e r - l y ' * l - 1 l | " 2
-lt -3

t ?
F(Jx- sy*, = t+, FQ' 2 - 5)- FQ. (-3)- t = 14, F(-l) - F(-1 1i=14 tr:1.4
fvi: II t. !-t1x + Z)dx=.?x2- 3x+ C bo'lsa, -f(t) - ? -ieclrish:
{2x2 - 3x + t)' : x "f-ltx -r 2} , 4s-3=x"7-tYt+2.),

+99899'
SG-{4crrr oI 4"65.
6x
 j , - j t . o , , -=t n r ; , J , xa-t:t, t::;-i, ,t.-ti::-z1-a:ftx::\-s, -f-tt.'):+"" f-'ttn--J-'(x).2:4x-tI,

(x)'2-i1, .='"{=*nl:j' ,
f-t (:;,).t:-4t:=f-t J: =
+f
3 3 ' 2 3
-i,t'-,,'r"*j @- zlzd':
=i*'- i,,tiurn*
j",,',t'o =+t:- %'ll =* - o* * - t - * o'
I t n 2

s:i*r**m {sTFfi}34t-$}-{,
Ir4grakkabfunksiyayoki ko'paytmako'rinishidagifinksiyalardanboshlang'icholishdabo'laklab integrallash formulalaridan
b , b b , b
F
foydalanamiz: I udt,: urtr-- | vdu
l h ' f -
buni soddaqitrib
=.r(')c(".1*-
j rr"l.st,'i ot
Jr<"1 ko'rinishidavozishmumkin"
J l u J
a a a

E.r;i.L.A-Fi\ti: Ko'pavtmadal biri siri. , cos., d' , a-'li bo'lsa bularni g(;rl deb olamiz; !og., arcsin., at'ccos.,arcig., arcctg"li bo'lsa,
deb olamiz. !r i$r+;+;'*"t -,'ggB99.t$11 €S iii

=x .osz''- r'
I ) J"x.sin2,rdr 2x+'l'
cos l'
sn2x+C =j
zxdx
cos
f J I
(3:c
+ 51'cosx
(3x+9'cosr'-J:'1-cos-t)d:r=-
zl Jllv+S1'rlnv.ig=- +C
+3sin.t

=x'fi -Jr',fra'=t+-# =fi t'-frl* c r"r:fr:;vtoE'1"-

dd-r
3)J(3' #) *#' I=3r'-,r
+.1 xn t* = lnx' x - J J--t4t=r' lnx - x + C
Jrn {h.i:'
= (9x- 7).
SiJ il,, - 7) ;4:t41 - v' ro.a*{9; - 7)' L ra' - e+'+ C
* "u' ! }
q Ix.a,.ctgxdt=arctsr
+-!r# $a":arct# +-+=1.1I';;'d-x=arctsti*-*lu-7#)tu=
- arctsx. - @- arc tsl + C
$ !
: -* 4^1 1.-*2 1- arcsinx'x + d] - i
xdx: arcsir^* +c
| [ arcsnx dx{ arcsinx..tdx arcsinx.- 1
#.
'exdxkabilarda{ax+b)'ni f(x) debolamiz.
triii,;dTs,t..r:l{ax+b),'sin.rri4J(ax+6)','cos.v/.t,
[{ax+b)''aidx !@x+b)"
Darajadagi..n"nechchi shuncha
bo'lsabo'laklabintegrallashni martaamalgaoshiramiz.T'.ilr+{er+"i+t}l}{if.Si.+.'li$.GL
, l a .
- *z.r"1!-1zx -(4e2
.e,- 2.erli= 4e2 -2
-p"z- e -2\)= ?s2
| 2x.exdx =
I x2. exdy= x2. stlf,- 'o* l " - o Y
Jo l"

I Lr. *'d, = :at.et - | 2. e,ch = 1t. er - Z. ex

J*-* J \ -/

$i$i,&'$'i\in: Ja' .sinxd,uJe' .cos:rzl.u

Jsin(ln.v)daf
cos(lnx),*rkabilamiyechishda bulamiI debbelgilashkiritamiz,bo'laklab

integrallashniikki martaamalgaoshirt-lql-qla3a-tuzamiz,tenglamadan I ni topib olamiz. 14:

eu' snx - z)! -
I l!l' . cosxax
=e cosx + 2A)
l-!i-=u' svrx 2(-e2x'
3'! -'.Zy

i fuz'.rin.rdr=-e2,.cos.r
+ 2f eb .cosxdx=-eL,.cosx+2A
, --fr*
"!..---
A= eb' sin .r + 2e2tt'.cosx 4A 5,A,= e2*'(sinx+2cosx)

Z) isin(fn.r)dr= ldx=l sin(lnr)'x-iJcos(ln"l x-(cos(lnr)'.r+l)

Jfsin(lnr) d " - - - - - - - - -].'rylii=tin(lnr)
o'---'-"s
= ,
L 16' =
x)dt=cos(ln
cos{rn x)' x + :"-t_t!:']:: l-{
J lsin{r11)
A=sis(lnx)'x-cos(lnr)'x-A s(kx)'.t
2A:sin(lnv)'.r.'-co A=0,5 sin(hu)'x-0,5cos(lttx)'.r+C

+99899.014.65.61
 lna{naffi o'zgaruvchifunksiyakiritish orqali integrallash.Bwfia g(x)funksiyanio'zimizdanshundaytanlashimiz

kerakki,uninghdsilasibilatf(x) qisqarib,integralbelgisiostidaintegralolish mumkinbo'lganfunksiyaqolishi kerak.

*, [ # d- = I 4+ = o * kgx)d(tgx): e * 3t)d(t)= 2r+ p + c = 2tsx+ tgz

x + c.
# a
[ I + ]
cos- Jr

n, ! *Jfra*: [ *Jfr : I r* +Dd(JFi) : I p alty

: + *, : d,'..Jt-* c.
E
%Jxz+L

na,I;ft clx=llfT alr-"tt E-;:

E;Jez"t [exr-tzya14:l*,-z\)et{i):
Z"Jl - x

: ru,- 2))ti(t): - c= 2'fr -

I + 2r'+ 3--'),i zJ -. +c

r"yffrtA
Tlrnrarranu rarrrrnn sryBrl4 o6rerrnap ).rrr4Hr3JleNreHTJr
apn aefiunagu. Tlu"nanrnap o,uarAanoruu alr.rtp6ocr,rHl.rHrrarra ><,apSaapu
6naan, yuuxr sJreMeHraapu3ca Kuirr{Kx,ap$nap 6rnaH 6elnraaaaAv. M: 1 = Ip,O,c,5,0.6, d} ezynuA rinnarra a, b, c, d, 5, aa 0.6
giIeMeHTnapIrAaHTaflrrctrJlrorrranJrarr.iHr4 6un4upagu.
xerreuerrrXr}fiilaMta'rneeau|JIugxaalur,tx€XkypaHuItrAa,x3neMeHTXrjnlawrrameatifumu,Macn42ugcaxeX

rlpulunrla6erruranaur.r. pri: 6ap.raHarypaircoHnaprinnanrra

Nta4,5,*,n.o*upn) ryu 4e N, S e N, *eN, neN , ,.
uyuoca6auraplpaunra4xp.M, tt2+bx+c=0rea4parreurrraMannAr.rsJraparfnnavaHu
X={xlax2+bx+c47 r}punrlrugaSsnu
tvfylr4Kl{H.

9levenuaplt coHl{ra6oruu( xolAa rlnnarranapqeKrluBauerccnr-rfnnaMnapra a}Kpartilarw.3neuen:raarncogu qernu 6}nran

rlmaura uewu ntinnattt,sJletvleHrflapn coHH qercn3 6lnran rluarrra qekcus rfnraru.nap Aefir.rna,qu.M: A={xlx e N, ,v2> 7}
r!rutau 2 aaaxarra blnran 6apvauarypa:rcoHJIapAaH rtuu
ry3r4rrraH, A={3,4,5,6,7,8,9,...1. By r}rura,v - r{eKcr{3
r}nnarra4np..
ENpopraxaMsrleldeHTra era 6llvaran r!rurarr'r6!ut wfnnan AeftunaArz.Elur rlunarvrXarlrqeKnr.r rlnaan xuco6ranaAs.
M, x2+3x+2:0tegmauanagr I,ITAI{snapH a-1-2;-l } .rernn'r}rrnalrnnraurKfireraAr. x2+3x+3=0resrnalra scaxaKrr(utr
llnAu3napre3raoilrac,tcull yHHHT 6 lup. Ailnu6lip xru gneMeHTrrapAaH
xaKr(aii euuvti/pr}nnarvrr.r Ty3HnraHrjnnawlap nreaz
ntjnnaxnap neftan'#r.r.M: X={ik € N, ,Y< 3 } oa K:{xl(x-1)(x-2)(x-3)=0} r}nnanrnapn"*. rup 6Hpr.r rfa4ar l, 2, 3 connapruan
ry3l{JrraH.
IlJynarr yryr 6y $nnarnrnaprenrAlrp:X=K. Arap,Br}unarvrnvrr.rap.$np3rerlteHrr{ A r}nrraunrnr daM3retureHrr.r
6fnca,B rlnnarvrA rlnnalruunr 4uctt-ntjnnnaa Aeirunailu ea B c A xlpuawuuga 6erruraua.un.Byupa6 c A ea A c A
4uco6laaaga.Ey xlrorrr-'rlnnauilapxocr,tec,4uut-ntlnna.wnap pei,rutapll.A rVulauurgr (orraH 6ap.raXucnr-rf 11ra61rapri xoc
4ucnntjnna.ttnapusefiunasz.M: Nc zcQcR. ArapA:{3,a,5},B:{xt'-7x+t2=0} 6}nca,BcA6ynam. ['4r,A-uuxn
xoHaJIu connaptfrrnaur, B-urxu xouanuxyS'r connaprjinlarr,rra 6!,rclru. {ap 6ap ul(KHxoHaJrE
xySr coHA r}nnauga x,ana
MaBxcyA..{euax,.BcA.ArapA:86}nca"AcB,BcAsaaxcunqaAcB,BcA6}lca,A=86}aalA n .=M{ 1, , 2 , 3 , 4 } , 8 :

{t n={l$,f,i, z2l:={,2,3,4}=,4. Eyruanxfpunasurcr,Ac B, B c A 6!nasu.

l .{,Js,zrlay".u,
z ' J l ' 2 ' ' . J
.?{1ry.4 : 2" - rqncn rlunalurap conu.
1-
2" recilurruar-rgnran4uclt rjnnaunap-coHu. q
i- r'-- 1
2" lnrtasJrervreHT(arnarua,quraii 4"iri iynnuonnapcour4.
]"-! - 6fur 6lnuaraa rurcaarlmaulap conu.
J"-: - xoc r(r4€rurfnaanr:rap coml.
Xap xau,uaEtinraunnnr 2 raxocvac rlmnarrrra6fna.qu (6fru rlnnarra ea 6ap.ia counap).
{ap t}nnana.rta'lm 6}ur r}nriarur6inayu.
1vi:{xlx € N, x2<171rVunaunlrnrgerlTail.rcMriunaltnapa rrranxy,a?E.{ra.u:Agear 6y r}o:ranrunnrsJrcivi€r,rrnap
co!{}ru}rrornaM}r3
x=|,2,3,4. 2't- wcMrinnarvuapcouli, 2a:16 X: tr6

X'refinr'i JraMgJIeM€HrrIaprI couunl{ra{'{} ogrxanulewwnairnraz.f,{: Xr}nnanr l0 gan x:zunrry6 aoariaprimamll fi}ncun:

X={2;3;5;7I",4euax,n(X}4. Idyfiu"qaru;qap6up r}nralruuur srrer,reurrrap$Hu uipcarnnr; a) E={rlx € N, -l<x<5} 6y;g"aa
x=1,2,3,4 6) F={ xl5x=x-716yusa4x=7 x='1"75 e) C={ xlx € N, x2<9}5 x=3 ea x=2.
fri: A={1,2,3,{1,2i}r}lurar'i4a$€al?a
? sletremn 6op?
fl.O'R*Q0ty'+s9899"0 r4.d5.6I
 ..'{a:i}l iE r r}EneM.&aSnma =.neuese{iiaar 6up rrrapr*Fimlrarr.rlraAr.?. ,{eriar, rcKoppiAarr.x .A.r}nnarrr4a6srra Z.sneneHri,td,rp.
t4z A:{1,2 3} rinnarrraax,au6rmra2 rneuenri.idop. ca6a6u6y rlinlaxa A={1,2,3} rlnlaura rem xnco6n;qaAl,r.
ffi: A:{l'2,3,{4,5}} ytu6y A rlie'iaura 5 palqlru teruurasvrrl?iK: ffi. Terunnu eMac,q)&rKH A r}nnauui.grrHrrr{rap1i:
rVrrrauustlur (lucts-rllnarrarananr) sr.I€MeHr.IrapE A rinnarura rerurruJnix,uco6rianncaft,qu. Ei{x uy A r}nnarHi.i'r rresra 3Jre erirr4
6op aefianca'4 ra .uefivras. Ey.nap;l, Z, 3 ea {4,5} . t4,5} - 6y A rln:iaairtruur6urra 3,rrelrerrrrr 4uco6aauagu.
f f : A : { a , b , c , d , e , f , g , r } " B = { a l , r q , t ,C : [ i _ td" , S " h t ] , D = { a , # , E = { e , f k , e " a } m i n n a n n e , p 6 e p t r n 2 s t r s .
a) Vnapirurn-4aiacwapuA rlnnauHrzuf xsc r1rdrru-r)innaun 6i,na.em?Sf: E C A
6) D rlnirau C rfruranrrrllr Kuirvr-rfn.nanmrvrri?][{: D c C
e) B rlnirar* raficn rfnnar',trrrr rnctu-rfnnar'ru 6!na4r.r? Xl Xeqqar?cucrnlrlr.
{vfr,{={3,4,5,6}rlnnarvtrurr6apuaxllou-rfrrrraMnapur{Hry3l.rnr.2n:16ra }l*@cA,AcA,{3.lcA, 14}-_A,{5/lc4 {6lc
A. {3,4} c A, 13,51c A, 13,6}c A, 14,5}c A,, {4,6} c A, {5,6/rc A, 13,4,5}c A, t\3,4,6jtc A,
13,5,6). A, {4,5,6}c A"

I ea B rlnlaulapEllllr KecHurMacH (Srclrrcfnarirnracu) ,4nB rlpanauga 6enrunanaAu:lnd :lxl; € A sax e gl. l-pacuaa
3ftnepBeirx gudrparrnlr,racrnoMaGrsranaranaAuraH unsuagaI ra B ruarlnapuwrr rciclrurvhcprAnB nr.r6epaglr(qrasvala
rurprxaa6rfpcanaaran).I na 8'rfruraulapuurir 1upnautttacu(Ewuinuuuducu) gei,yrrapurdHr KaMuAa1urtacupaMaB)KyI 6larar
6ap'rasaen'rerrrlapAall rlnnaltra
ry3I,lJIraH aitnunagu. A ta B r:ii1nilrar/IJrapHHHr'dupnarur,iacri
lr-,8 rlpnsuilrrga denrunaeagw:
nuB=ftlxeAErux.€8J.2-pacn' axaBfiunatvrJrapnrHr atiupttacuae6,AnnurBgaMaBxyA6inr',raran6apuarnerirexrJ-rap'Aar!
ry3rlnraxrlnnaura afirhnal.ra.A na B rlnnaruaapuuurafrupmacnlp rlUrlnull4a oelnuaauagu:A\B={lx € I sa r.e Bl (3- pacru).
Arap B c A 6}aca, ,{lB rinnarrr B r!.nnavnnur mjndapyeuucu neiaunarttraB' exn E'1 6unau6enranana4r.r. (4- paq"r).

^GD'
"ffi ^ffim AIB= B',t (sodaqilib aytgandaI to'plamningele-)
mentlaridan.B to'plamningelernentlarini
ayirib tashlashkerak.)

1-pacu 2-pacu 3-pacv 4-pacu

fi; ,{={0,2,3},C={0,1,2,3,4}rinnarulapytyu AECV H}irorra"rlr{s.A c C 6}nranu}"{yHA,=Cl4:{1,4} 6flallr.

M: A=1 xl-2 < x.6), B:{ xl 3 < x <'15} r}nnarvrnap yvyrllB:{ xl -z < x<3}, BH={ xl 6<x < l5} 6iraaa.
// uarypal coHnaprinnarr,ru,Z 6yryn connaprlnnarua 6!nca, ynap aiiupuaca Z \ N: l,l ' sbHtt Han,J,p6ufijntnazau coniap
rinnaruu(sJ)tocal 6!laau. lvl: ZIN=N'yayaryitugarmlaprirprrr,ra?a)-4eNt-tnjepu 6)13€N,-xanro
c) -5r3 eN' - mjtpu, +yntcu6y Xacr{apMac Kacp- parynuant cofl dl 0 e N'- xaro
l-chizma 2-chiznn
n ' : B' ; (BvA)' ; B'w A'
l - c h i z m a u c h uA
Z - c h i z m a u c h ul 'n; B ' ; B v A ; A A B
AvB,;BnA';{AnB)
3 - c h i z muac h u n 8 ' ; B v A ; C n B ; C n B a A
( C n B n A ) ' ;( C v E ) o A tn
to'plam elementlariniy ozing. C

Tinlartrnap yctlr4a 6axapuJraAuran aMaJInapHlIHr,toecarapu cornap ycrlrAa 6axaprlra.quraH aMilrJraplruHrxoccaJrapura

!,xi'a'r.
\ap xaulairA. I ea C rlnnaNrnapfryHt l) Av B= Bv A 2 l A n B =B n A 3) (luB)uC=lu(BuQ
4) (An B)nC = (AnQ n B = (BnC1n A 5i (luB)nC=(lnQu(BnC; 6) ( l n B ) u C = ( A v Q n{BuiC) 7)04u8)\B=l
8) (l \B) u(6\,41= (Av n
B)\(A ES 9) (lv8)\C=11\Qu(B\Q nrcHetuKrapflaercapunadu
[v]z A={2,3,4,5,7,10},8={3,5,7,9}, C=14,9,11} riuarrrnap 6epuaran6}nca:
l) Av (Bv Q =2,3,4,5,7,9,10,1 | 2) An(B,vC1=3,4,5,73)A^@^q=(2,3,4,5,7,!0)^(9)=6 4) Bn(Awe=3,5,7,9
Arap Kapara€r'rauqiularunap afiuu 6up U rlnnauuranr 4lrcu-rfrraananapu6!nca, LI $unawra ynusepcaJrnjnnan Aeitutra1u.
Yuueepcaatlnlau rurcu-$naauJlapl{HuurKecLIlIMacr.r, dnpnauruacu,Erynr{r{rreK,U r}nnarvrNxrudpnftKacu-tr}nnavununr
rirgupyevucaxar'rUnuurxucllt$rutavr6!na4r.ffi:A:{1,2,3,4},8={1,3,5},C={1,5,9}r:}rrnaunap6epulrax.D:t\l,2,3,4,5,9\
r!ruauyur.rBepciurlnxau6fna.qfir\au? E=11,2,3,4,5,9,15) naM:{1,3,4,5,9}r}nnaunap-'rn?Ac D, Bc D, Cc D6fr.rragr.r
y'{yHDl'inaarrt)rHl,IBepcarr}unarrl
6}aa4l.DcE6ynraHtryqyHecaEr}marrlXaMyHr.rBepcanr}n.riarv6}na.qu.BcIv{,CcM,
nerus A e M 6}matu.l"ryn M rlnnarrl ynr.rBepcru rlnnarv 6!na onrraafrau.
Timaulap rra3apnxcngnnrMyXrrMKorflalrapnAag6upn - xzlMJraru (or.rAac[Iflp. Ey 4ongareclru$uafiAgraHrluaarranap
6rpaauvaczgail{ SiIet\{€HTJIapcoHI,rHI4
ronulu ltMxorrr{Hrr
6epagN.1-reopelra:(arca,rtnfltu rloadacu.)Arap A sa B qexra r}nnaunap
KecI,IIrrMacI{
6}ru 6ilca, y Xon.qayJIapHHHr6upnauruacu4anr 3rreMenrJrap conr A ua B rfnnarr,rnapsneMenrJrapu connapr{Hr4Hr
Earnr4ncnrarerr 6jnada. n(AUB;=n14)+n(B). Ey reopeua(xaMJra[r Kor{Aaclr)Hnnr Vqxr{rrruil nrrcol dpAarvra.&a
ryllryHrupaMHs. EI{pxynagattKlo'lxun geran6op 6!ncun. Eupmlrn xul leranJrapconrr60 ra, fiK(uHqr.r xr{nAeranJrap40 m. Y
xonqa grr{Aa 60+40=100ra AerarrMaBXyA6!napw.Mucol4a uraprJrapr{ t}rur 6axapulaerraxanux}parvrrze.
+99899.014.65.61 126
 - uxrnnqu xtil llerarrap rlnlauu sa AaB = 6, n(A)=60, n(B)=40' SIHI'I 60+40=i00'
A -6*tpuu,twxrln lerannap :rfn.uantla,I
xsunn (AUB) : rz(,4)t n (B).
A eag rlnnannap 1qecurfiMacu 6yru 6fnrr.laranxonAareopeMa(yfiLtAaruqararplt$nana.{rl:2-reopeua: tr{xru€pufiA sa B "eKrL
r}nrannap y+yt
rfnnar,rnapyryu yru6yreHflIilKfpuunu: n(AUB)=n(A)+n(Bfn@ nB). M: A=1 1,2,3,4,5jBa8:{4;5;6\
A^B:{4;5\,n(Ao$:2, n(A):5, n(B):3 nasra6}naruru:. Oopt'ryna6yiru'taroncaKXaNt
AvB={1,2,3,4,5,6J,n(AvB)=6,
n (Av B) : 5 + 3-2=6 6!nasu.
g:{J;6;7;8;10} r}ruravrnap 6epraran.AvB tlwram erleMellrrlapr ronllHlr
coHHHI'I
1vj:{={ l;3;5;6;8;10}sa
Dqr.irn , jn ( A U B ) : 7 ) I { : 7
l u: B : 1 1 ; 3 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 1 A
'rfrapanrra, I 5 ractl
Eup rJpyxgar u aluTypueu.rnapAaHI 8 racu rrraTeMaTHKa $a:ura
.rlraparura I{aTHaruaAH. {atur irraren.laruKa xaM r}usuxa
r"fraparura, 14 racn oHa TtrJrr4
rlraparrara 6 ra a6nrypneHr, xaM r{areMarHKaxaM oHa rUnr rirapanrra 4 ra aouTyplleHr,
I ra adatypueur
xaM oHa rturr{ xaM (fuurra r}raparlrra 5 ra a6n'rypneHr KaTHauIaAH.
r{arnailla/lli. Iypyxla uera uaQap a6rirypuenr 6op?
frqana rlraparna xar\4
nlqriu: 1 ta a6urypneuT )t{rla;1a r}raparra ,-\aNI
KaTHauIca (rpmla6 oga T}I;1I41a,TyilInI{K BaKTIiIa
r\,tareNraruKara), xaNI I!!areMarllra xau Sltenrara KarHaluyBr{u[ap
$uemnara, KeqKyp)rg Sar<ar
5 ra s,ona.Err. 6aKar xau MaTeMaTHKa OHa
Xail,t TUJII{Ia (aTHarx)tsqHllap 3 ra KonaAu.@aKar
4 ra (onaAl'i. 18-(5+1+3) = ii 6y rV1qXnsra
Xaru oga r'HJtHXafi!{lrenrara KaTHarlyBrIIiIap
'.,',tiu: 591?,111 (6'ip -t'n'a: 6'ti: i:-'1e
a6r':r-7pr::lr f r,t:,r'^ltarll.',{?'r? "+i1';'111r'\,
l5-(5+1+4):'i, 14-(3+1+4;:' )I(aruu:t]+5+1+3++4+:: 33 ra a6r.rrypueur
o I ta a6lrrypaeHTy"lra riraparna Kacraif.4u
t 3-t4+5:l2ra a6uryptleHr QaKar r{Kxl{rara ryrapaxra 4arnafr4tl
r :i+r'+9=20 ra a6utypueur (ilal(ar 6rarra tlrapaxxa l(aruafilt{
to'plamda ham qatnashganelementnikiritamiz'
Bu turdagi masalalarniEyler Ven diagrammasidatasvirlashdal-bo'lib uchchala

M: Altobus yo'lovchilarining 32 tasidaro'molchayoki galsfirkbor. 15tasidaro'molchayo'q'

19tasidagalstukya'q,6 tasidaro'molchava galsrukyo'q. Shungako'ra ro'molchayoki
-
galstugibo'lmagannechakishibor. Yechish: a - faqatrc'molchasibor yo'lovchilar,b faqat
- hamro'molchahamgalstugiborlar, -r hechniiriasi - yo'qlar, bular 6 ta.
galstugiborlar,-.t,
a * t t + b - * 3 2 ,a + x : 1 5 , b + | = 1 9 , x : 6 , a : 9 , b : 1 3 , y : 1 0 ' T o p i s hk e r a k a + b + x = 9 + 1 3 + 6 = 2 8

s o n l a r t o ' p l a mrin c s r a v i s h d a A . B , C b o ' i s i n ' A U B U C io'plam

M:1S.r!50kesmadagi3ga,4ga,?gabo'iinadiganbarchanatural
eiementlalisoninitoping'Ycchish:n(A1=5673-tuln(B)=50/4-12'n(C)=501'/=7'n(lnB):4ta('12'24'36'48)'
n(AA C):2 (21, 4Z), n(Bn C):1 ta (28), nt4 nB n C)=0'
n(IvBvC)=;{,4)+n(B)+n(C)-n@nB)-n(t|nC)-n(BnC)-n(lnBr\c):i6+12-"74-2-14=28
toprng'
fi: l= {xlx=2k+1,ke Z} to'plamningZto'plamgato'ldiruvchisinr
.AlA=Ixlx=2k+l,keZlB)l={xlx=(keZ}QA=lxlx=2k,keZ}D)l={xlx=k+l'k=Zi
juft ya'ni 2k' J: C
l,ethir;hr:Zlc+l ifodatoqsonlatnibildiradi.Uning Zto'plamgato'lclinivchisi sonlar,
pl: I = {a,b,cl to,plammngxosmas qism to'plamlali soni nechta. J: Hal qanday to'plamning xosmas qisrnto'plamlarisoni2ta,

bularbo'shto'plamva barchasonlar.0 r A, A c A,
plr 1; 2; 3; 4; 5 raqamlar-idan iborat3 xonali(4 xonali)sonlarnechta? J: 5'5'5=125 ta ( 5 5'-5.5=625
ta )
J:5j7:42ta (67 7=294ta1
1 q ;0 ; t r ;2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 r . a q a m l a r i di baonr a t 2x o n a l (i 3 x o n a l is) o n l a r n e c h t a ?
nechtac elernentqatnashgan qism to'piarn mavjud? J: n=6, 26=64)ami qisnrto'plarnlarsoni,
tvl:A = ! a, b,c, d, e,Ji to,plarnda
qismto'plamlarsoni2r =.32, r elementqatnashadigan qisrnto'piamiarsoni 64-32=32ta'
c elementqatnashmaydigan
qatnashib,belementi qatnashmaydi? Jl &nichiqadb
{';f:l= {a,b,c, d,e,f} to,plamningnechtaqismto'plarnidaaelementi
11=!a,c,d,e,fJ shrrndanaelernentcatnashacligano-isrtrto'plamiat'soni 2r=16 ta. Yoki
ta.shlasak5taele*rentqoladi
adJ, aef, acde' act{J-,acef adef, acdef'
bnlaini binna-bir yerzishham murrkin. a, ac, acl, ae, af" acd, ace, acf, atte,
clatnashmavdi? J: e va ] elemettla|ni chiqalib
frl: ,4 = { a, b, c, et,e,J } to'plamning nechta qisit-rfo'planrirla a'..tab elementlar
tashiasak4 taelement qoladi' ?a =16 t-a
Yl':l'rr:'}r:a-'tabeletnenli;rrgabitta
tlil: l= {u,b,c,'d.,t;f J v"tp\amningncchtaqismto'plami,Jactta&elemenllar,letnashadtfl
jl sieicerrtl3,fs+ti lj =iI ta. ct,bq3'trrashnasa
element aifatir)aqaraytriz,shunclaI to'glarn ta slernetlibc"lib qolaclivalarni
; 4 elemeniqoladi:l{ =16 ta. J" 32-tr6=t6 ta
Ar-tE,A,-tB,E[iia'pla-mningelementlarisonia
l,:t1:,i!={xlxeI,{,J6'=!rx,neN}vaB={:rt1"re//,30=lLt){tely']bo'lsa,
I lio'planrrJan-I,2,3"4,6,9,12,1S,3(ibo'lishim But on'kpilna.m d a ; r = , 21, 3 , 5 , 6 , 1 A , 1 5 b, 3o0' , i i s h i m r ' r n i l < i n '
'
A
A r - t B = ( . \ " 2 3 " 4 . " 5 , r r , 9 \ 1 g 1 2 , 1 5 , )1=8X, 3i tra1;, 3 6 n E = ( \ 2 , 3 , 6 ) = 4 1 6 ' B L 4 = ( 5 , 1 01' 5 ' 3 0 ) = 4 t a

-r9989!.014.t'5,61
 K,f;,:*f ffi { t r " 4 t ' f r F " r f S 4 ;

J: (rPemutatkn)
fr'rtft aftnasfitir{sE
E. O'rinlnsfttbisfr.(fi*dngement)
3. Gurufrksfr.(Cotndinatiarc) '
4, I{yuton frinomi
soni: P . = n ! = I ' 2 ' 3 '. . .
tah'orlarsizs'rin almashtirishlar
{., n taelementdan
[vl: uchtaa b, c elementdan soni:elrc, ncb,bac,bea,eab,eba- jami 6 ta, yoki formulabilan Ps = 3! : ]'2'3:6
*'rin alrnashtirishlar
Nl".l, 2, 3, 4 nqarianni takrorlamasdannechta4 xonali sontuzishmumkin? Birinchi o'rinda berilgan4 ta raqamdanixtiyoriy
bitr,eeihx?di,ya'ni im.koniyatlatscni 4 ta. 2-o'rinda qolgan3 ta raqamdaiiixtiy-oriy- bitiasi hii'a,ii,ya'ni 2-o'iiiirii cgaii:uir
imkoniyatiarsoni3 ta. 3-o'rinda?,ta,:nihoyat4-o'rinda l ta raqamqoladi.Demak,4'3'2'1= 4!:2a tr:24ta.
-,
lfl: I , l, J, 4 raqamlarinitalsorlab,neghta.4xonali sontuzishmumkin?, BundaI 2-,3'va A'o'rinlarningbarchasigaixtiyoriy 4 ta
raqamdanbirini qo'yish mumkift. 4:4:4:4=25d J: 255 ta.
= =
ft{: oltita o'quvchini6 ta stulganechaxil usuldao'tkazishmumkin?, Pt= 6! I'2'3'4'5'6 720

o'rin almashtirishlarsoni:
"1. n ta elementdanlala:oritt bundan1*n2 *...rnp = n bo'lishik-k.

nechaxil ustildaqo'y
ffl: 3 ta somsa,I six shashlikva 2 kosasho'rvanidirsturxonga miimkin.'Jainielementlarsoni 6 ta shundan

va sho'rva)iakrorlanadigan.
2 tasi(somsa =Tft71 = 60 xil usulda'
Pu(3,1,2)
l*1:..Matematika"
so'zidagiharflaming nechta
o'mini almashtirib so'zidanchi?Yechish:
"so'2" tuzishmumkin."Kombinatorika"

"Matematika"m-2ta, a-2ta,t-Zta,e-l ta,i-2ta,k-i ta, 'Fs(2,2,2'l,r,tl

=ffi## =
#
t r - 2 + 1 + 1+ 2 + 1 +2 + l + 1 )! _
,,Kombinarorika" =
\3(2'2'l'1'2'l'2't't)
_13_!
ljl',_,o
\:ii? ;: i t' {_rtr;,',1; ai. zt'r !.l r.2r.r r.2r'I r'l ! 16
P15(3,3,3,3,3r:ttSjjj+j;j;j'=#
l5tacletalni3tndanqilib5taharxilyashikkanechausuldajoylashmumkin?

ffi: to'rtta a, b, e, d elementni2 tadano'rinlashti-

.. 4t I .2.3.4
Ai=V5=-T=J'4=tZ
r i s h l a r s o nai :b , a c , a d , b a , b c , b d , c a , c b , c d , d a , d b , , ! ? - j a m i 1 2ytoak. i f o r m u l a b i l a n

pEM,AK, bunda,kombinatsiyalar. eleruentlariningham tarkibi hamtartibi bilanfarq qiladi. ( ac va ca ikkalasiboshqa-boshqa narsa)

[v]: l, 2, j, 4, 5 raqariarini talsorlamasdannechta'4xonalisontuzishmumkin? Birinchi o'rinda beiilgan5 ta raqamdanixtiyoriy
bittasituradi,ya'ni imkoniyatlarsoni 5 ta. 2-o'rinda qolganqolgan4 ta raqamdanixtiyoriy bittasi turadi,ya'ni 2-o'rinni egallash
= - !'2' !:4 '5 - 120
imkoniyatlarsoni4 ta. 3-o'rinda3 t4, nihoyat4-olrinda2 ta raqamqola i' Deqak,5'4'3'2= 120-Al #

takrorlamasdannechta4 xonali sontuzishmumkin? Birinchi o'rinda berilgan5 ta raqamdan4 tasini

f,rl: 0, I, 2, 3, 4 rcqantlarini
lntiycri3rbittasituradi,ya'ai 3'-o'rinr,iegallasil
t:lnleshn*,*rrkin{rio&riq*'1'acln:lai'r,nlz).2=o'rind*q*lganqslgan4 t4-lsondal'l
imkoniyatlarsoni4 ta. 3-o'rinda3 ta, nihoyat4-o'rinda 2taruqamqoladi. Demak'4'4'3'2= 96.

fvl: Yangi komonagal0 odamdanuchtasini !ur!! lavoziniga nechaxil usuldaqo'yish mumkin.

1 ' 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 ' 6 ' 7 . 8 ' 9 ' 1--',
. 7 = / 0 ! = -7a:1n337 0r n
aia 7164 "u

nechaxil usuldao'tkazishmumkin? Ai =
l- va 2-stulga = = SO
ikkitasinil-partadagi
M: Olti o'quvchidan eT \jff
- 1 l::
jami nechaxil
M: SarvardaZ ta fizkava 4 ta matematikakitoblari bor. U flzika kitoblari yon*u-yo4-bo'lishi shartibilar 6 kitobni
usuldajavongajoylashtirishimumkin. \'echish: 2 ta fizika kitobni 1 radeb o'ylaymiz.shunda5 ta kitobni 5!=120 usulda o'rinlarini
almashtiribjavongajoylashmumkin. Lekin yonma-yonturganfipika kitoblari o'plni almashtirishham mumkiq'Bu4p4'brycha
kombinatsiyalarimizsoni 2 barobargaortadi. 120'2:240 Jz 240
g: Sarvarda3 ta fizika va 2 ta matematikakitoblari bor. U fizika kitoblari yonma-yonbollishtishartibilan 6 kitobnijami nechaxil
usuldajavongajoylashtirishimumkin. Yechish:3 ta fizika kitobni I ta debo?ylaymiz.Shpnda3 ta kitobni 3!=6 usuldaoirinlarini
almashtiribjavongajoylash mumkin. Lekin 3 ta fizika kitoblario'rnini almashtirib6 xil usuldayonma-yonqolysabo'ladi' Bu barcha
soni 6 barobargaortadi degani' 6'6=6 J: 36
kombinatsiyalarimiz

'a,
tadantuzilganguruhlashtar
S, ntaelementdan/r ro*,|[:]ffi] 3 tadan
M: beshta b, cd, e elemenfiai

guruhlaymizr
+99899.014.65.61
 -jamil0ra. yokiformulabilan
abc,abd,abe,acd,ace,ade,bcd,bce,bde,cde Cj= =|fiffi=tO
r,*!rl,
DEMAK,bundakombinatsiyalar
faqatginaelementlariningtarkibibitanfarq qiladi,tartibibilanemas! {oi, |u bac bit,onarca.)
M' Yangikononagal0 odamdan
uchtasinibir xil lavonmiga
nechaxil usuldaqo'yishmumkin.
cio=a#5 =ffi*#f# =720
:6=I2o
M: Oltita o'quvchidan 2 tasini I -partaga necha xil usulda oltkaiish mumkin? ,t=,1#T=i]frffi=,'
L,i:ji,t'ii'lrl.i.,l I. qachonkimasalashartigamostuzayotgankombinatsiyamizda
jami elementlarishtirok etishikerakbo'lsa p, dan
foydalanamiz(8 taikonvertninechaxil usuldaochishmumkin?'Barchasiniochishkerakdegani);
II. qachonkimasalashartigarnostuzayotgankombinatsiyamizda jami elementlarning
bir qisrniishtirok etsava ularningo'rnini
almashtirgandahammasalashartiniqanoatlantirsa,4f, danfoydalanamiz.M: direktor20 ta o'qituvchisidan2 tasini2 ta seminarga
nechaxil usuldayuboraoladi? l-o'qituvchi l-seminarga,2-o'qituvihi 2-seminargayoki l-o'qiruvchi 2-seminarga, 2-o,qituvchi
l-seminarga.O'ntini alruoillilirishmttmkin;
III. qachonkimasalashartigamosfuzayotgankombinatsiyamizda-iarni elementlamingbir qismi ishtirok etsava ularningo'mini
almashtirgandamazmunanawalgi kombinatsiyamizbilan bir xil ma'noni anglatsaC,f danfoydalanamiz.M: direklor20 ta
o'qituvchisidan2 tasini bitta seminarganechaxil usuldayuboraoladi? l -o'qituvchi 1-seminarga,
2-s:qituvchiham l-seminarga
voki 2-o'qituvchil-seminarga,1-o'qituvchiham 1-seminarga Gapka'dnishitlanikki xil. lekitzma'nasibiril \

Jamielementsoninta -- -+ Ba'zi eleraentlarii akrorlanadi ---*----.>

tanlanadignelernentr?ta =<--*--+ Elementlaritahrcrlanmaydi - >

,z takrorlanbhbor:--) AI =rk
t
Jamielementsoninh "1
UlarningqaytartiHajoylashuvinuhim , takorlanthyo'q --+ AX=#
tanlanadignelementt ta --=5
Ularningqay 'rartiHajoylashuvinuhirn emar=--J talaorlanbhbor --> Cf, = Cfr*t-,
) rakorlanbhyo'q cl =l#:6.

fi: Imtihongatelefonolib kirishni uddalaganabituriyenthayajonlanganidan,

telefonniochishkodini esidanchiqaiibqo'ydi. Kod to,rt
xonali sonbo'lsava har,kombinatsiyaniterishga3 sekvaqtsarflansa,abituriyentkodni ochishuchunqanchavaqtiniyo'qotadi?
Yecliisli; n=10 jami raqamlar,k:4 tanlanadigan r.aqamlar'.
TARTIBI MUHIM. (1547yoki 1574). TAKRORLAMSH BOR.
(masalan,
2221).Chizmagako'ra:
nt'=104=10000takombinatsiya,
10000'3=30000
sek. S! soat
m=#=+=
f"l: Ko'chada3 xil oq qog'ozsotilmoqda.
Misol yechishuchunabituriyent
4 ta oq qog'ozninechaxil usuldasotibolishimumkin?
- 15 xil, Formtla bilan: n:3 jwri ,
Yeclrisli:1111,2222,3333,1112,11.13,2221,22?3,3331,3332,1122,t133,2233.1231,1232,1233

k:4tarianadisani,TARTIBIMUHIMEMAS.TAKRORLANISHBOR. Cf,+r,-t=Cj*+-r= Ct=Z#m=#=15. (eachon

qachonkitanlashimiz
bu fomuladanfoydalanamiz, sonijami elementlar
kerakbo'lganelementlar sonidanko'p bo'lsa.)
3 ta bir xil qog'ozbor.4 ta abituriyentga
M: Sotuvchida ko'pi bilan lta sotishshati bilannechaxil usuldasotishimumkin?Cl = 4
M: Ko'chada4 xil qog'ozsotilmoqda.Abituriyent3 ta qog'ozninechaxil usuldasotibolishimumkin? J: C3o
=4

M' Ko'chada4 xil oq qog'az sotilmoqda.3 ta abitur.iyent

3 ta oq qog'ozninechaxilusulda,sotibolishi mumkin? J: Al = 2a
l'{: Magazinda
4 xil daftar,7 xil mchkava 8 xil qalambor. Sarvarbittabuyumninechaxil usuldasotibolishimumkin? 4+7+6=99
?\ Saruar hrrli nnmdaoi ik_kito hu.r'-rmni neche .ril USUldaSotib OliShi rnUg*in?i ; 1,,:,:h.ir:h:/af;sr-..,r ,t"+... ",,.
i :;;.;itii. $ 6ifr i g inrr:hkeni
Uvilraiii 4.?:ttR
- t-,L' rrsrrldc
UngiUC,giii& , a

qalamni4'8=32usulda,qalamva ruchkani8'7=56usuldasotibolishimumkin, Jami:28+32+55=116xil usulda.

3) Sarvarturli nomdagiuchtabuyumninechaxil usuldasotibolishimumkin? Ycch,ish:
4'7.8-.,225
4) Sarvar3 ta daftarva 3 ta ruchkaninechaxil lrsuldasotibqlish

P4,barcharaqarnlarijuft.sonlardaniboratva oxirgi raqami8 ba'lga

I -o'ringa4 ta raqarn,2-o'ringa5 ta raqam,3-o'ringa5 uaraqarn
fi: 4 qiz va 4 o'g'ilni 8 ta o'ringabir jins vakillariyonrna-yon
bo'!:
Yeclrish:Bnnda2 hol bo'lishi mumkin:n'g'il-qiz-o'g'il-qiz-o'g'itr-qiz-o'g'il-qiz;yoki qiz-a'g"Itr-qiz-o'g'il-qiz-o'g'it-qiz-o'g'il
l-holda:4taqizni4tas'rin$q,4!,ppulda,41qo'g'ilni4tao'ringa4! usulda,jarni4! .4!usuldao'tgazishmumkin.2-holuchunlrarn
xuddishunday. J: 2.4! "41

r.+-6fift@v -F99899.01
4.65"5l
 mta,PsitahardanCshahargakelishningntayo'liba'lsa,
IshahardanBslrahargakelishning
tij:iii.ri-'i'"1i,r.1 IdanCgarrvixilus$l
bilankelishmumkin. ffi:l shaharga
shahardanJ 4ta, B Cga5
shahardan tayo'lolib boradi,
I shahardanDshaharga
6ta, D

Cga3nyo'tolibboradi.lshahardanCshaharganechaxiiya'l
shahardan ^ft+t
bilanborishmumkin? 20+18=38
6 _

bo'iingan.K,tadratchalalriingtomonnarib,c'yiabl,urganda
fvf: O'lchamlaa7x4 bo"lganto'g'ri to'utbwchakT'4=2&ta l*vadratchadatga

Jt C{i*u=Cfn+=cf,=ih=###=33ar-
AdanBgdolibboruirchiengqisqay*'tlarsoninechta? l+l]ITB
Af,trffT-.
ardabo'lgan
nechtauchburchak(to'rtburchak)hosil qilish mumkin. \rechish:uchburchahhosil qilish uchun1'uqoridagiti ta nuqtadan .,_
4 ta nuqtadanixtiyoriy I tasinitanlashkerakyoki aksinchapastdan2ta, yuqoridanI ta nuqta.
ixtiyoriy ? tasini;pas-tdagi
=
clcl +clczo
shunda: =t 5'4+6'6=e6ta
#, #.3. #
To'rtburchakhosil qilishuchun'yuqoridagi6 nuqtadanixtiyoriy 2 tasini,pastdagi4 ta nuqtadanham ixtiyoriy 2 tasinitanlashkerak.
qo'llabbo'lmaydi.)CIC] =
fbundayokiaksinchani = I 5' 6 = 90 ta
ffi : #, III;rin*ta rtr ri$pcor,ter,r
lvl:Parallelogramm 4 taparallelto'g'ri
hosilqilishuchunikkitadar, '.rt'r rr trrr:turirrii u{.rr{ix \
6: F
chiziqlar kerak. a1,d2,a.3,?4lardan2 tasni tanlaymiz. , d;, d2,d3,dr,ds ri:l*g'l{"*r fi iipfijii{+Itf !"-

to'g'ri chiziqlardanham2 tasinitanlaymiz. C?C?= # #.=

60 ta rlit$v n${:ttix II{.1}tilrir
.vyurlurl
fvl: Ushbushakldanechtaturli uchburchakbor?
Yechish:AFN uchburchakning asosiFN da o'zi bilan birga 7 ta nuqtaboq.

Demak,pastda7 ta, yuqoridaI ta (A) nuqtaorqali C?Cl = JJ-, ' | = 21tu

uchburchakhosil bo'ladi,
ADE va ABC uchburchaklarbilan ham2l tadan42 ta uchburclraklarhosil
bo'ladi. Jami:21+21+21:63ta.

M: Ushbushakldanechtaturli uchburchakbor?

-h
fv'lrIxtiyoriy 3 tasibir to'g'ri chiziqdabo'lmagan (yoki aylanadagi)A, B, C, D, E nuqtalarniuchburchakniuchlaridebolsak,
nechtasida A nuqtaqahrashadi? Yecliish; demak,uchbwchakningbiruchi A nuqtadabo'lsa;qolgan2 uchi qolganto'rt nuqtadan
ikkitasidabo'ladi. Bundayimkoniyatlarsoni Co2 = f 1a.

frl: 9 ta narlio'yinchoq3 bolagatarqatilmoqda.Eng kattabolaga5ta,o'rlanchasiga3 ta, kichigiga esai ta o'yinchoqneehausulda

berilishimumkin? \'ecliish: engkattasigaCj ta , o'rtanchasiuchuntanlanaCigan 4 ta o'yinchoqqoladi C! ta, kichigi u-n bitta

imkoniyat q' q' Cl=504xil

fvl:Bir to'g'ri chieiqda8 ta nuqtaharflarbilan belgilandi,Nechtakesmahosil bo'ldi? Ycclrish:Ikki nuqtabitta kesmani ifodalaydi.

Bundaikki nuqtaningyozilish tartibi rol o'yn4maydi.MasalanAB va BA bitta kesmaniifodalaydi. C&= #l = = Zt tu

)

-u?=F.x .t=?tofrYry-r 1*fi=rs* :*ffi-

xeN. 2' @€)'*-u'x
=Fr
M,3c,1,
l,Sx(x+l)-2(x-l)x=1,5xt,Sxltt,Sx-Zl+2x=1,5x 0,5x2=2x I:x4

M,cij<c(t*r.*eN.nt=?;d_;,1-<6;T#;:rn, @#-,l< pr,+#1,,,+

\

+99E99.014.65.61
 28n-154 (0, Jrm=i,2,3,4,5
(2 - nr).(3 - nl. (nt+ 7)'(m+ 2) ffi
tl

=iCyo'-^Utn= ortl.gton-rb+Czan-zbz1...1gn-to6n-116n
4'. Barchahaqiqiy avabhamdannaturalsonlaruchun \u+b)11
m=O
sonlar,koeffitsiyentlardir.)
forrnulao'rinlidir. C/r sonlarbinontialkoeffitsiyentlardeyiladi(yoki bu sonlarpaskaluchbutchagidagi

@-b)o=(a+(4))n=f"'an-m(+)nt
Barchahaqiqiyavabhandantraturalsonlaruchun formulao'rinlidir'

| 4 641'
(a-2bfnipaskaluchburchagivaNyrtonbinomiorqaliochibchiqamitUgilfrlr.n*dagi4-qatordagikoeffitsiyentlar
-1, aa-aa3 (2b)2-+al t.(2U4 : at-1ot b2
ht+24ot -i2o' b3+16b4
.
fu-2bf 12b11+6a2 12b13+
n=4
@-?n\a=lCy a,,-^(-?h)tt= 1a+-o,q-'2b)a +Ct a4-4?h\a =
+C\a4-tezb)t+Ci a4-2(21)z+Cla4-3e'2h)3
m=O

=t.fr a+- I +1
a31?;1t o'Qt)z-L'# a\2b)3
+r'#. h2-32arb3+
= ao-larbt+24a2 t 6ba
.
# Zh. "o<*lu

fvl:
r-.-.---

Ozod(o'zgarmas)hadi degani- x ning darajasi nol degaru.7,5-1,5m:0, m:5. Uning koeffrtsilenti['Ali= Z:

#h
. Agarshungao'xshashboshqabiror misol yechgandan butun sonchiqmasa,demaku ko'phadniyoygandaozodhadi mavjud
bo'lmaydi.
17-hado'zg^rmassonbo'lsa,n=?Yechisir: Cg l-hadbo'lsa, C,1,6
M, (xa+-!-r),,binomyoyilmasidaboshdan 17-hadbo'ladi'

6161ra;n-I6(x-3;t0= gt6 *4a-64-48 4n-64-48=0, n:28

j\,1:x+y ning qaysidarajadagiyoyilmasida4- va L}-hadiariningkoeffitsiyentlaribir-birigatengbo'ladi va u nechagateng? Cl = Ctrz'
=1820
--!- , @ - 4 f r t - 5 ) Q t - 6 X n - 7 ) ( n - 8 \ ( t t - 9 ) Q t - 1 { ) X n - 1 l X n - 1 2 ) = 1 2 1 1 ' 1 0 ' 9 't8t =' 71' 66 ,'C
5 ,f e
4t.ln-4)t. 12t.@-12).

fr1' C,9= Clr bo'lsa,n:? l'echish: 8+l l:19 J: 19

ji;l::,i.1-'ii
rri,,r(x+y+2r...)"ko'phadniyoygdnda,undagiharbirhadning(xoyFzt'..)darajalaria+B+).+...=n k-L
shartnibajarishi
1vi:(x+y)2: x2+2xty1+rf (x+y)': x3+3x2yt+3xt,f +y3 harbirhadningdarajasi3gateng.
f{: (x+y+z)r0binomyoyilmasida ega yig'indisi
xa ko'paytuvchisiga bo'lgannechahl{i hadbor? ?'eciiis[i:xyz larninningdarajalari
10bo'lishi kerak.(406),{4t5), (424),(433),(442),$51), (460)- J: 7ia

fvl: (x+y-3)1 yoyilmasidax3f hadiningkoeffitsiyenti(koeffitsiyentlarisoni) nechagateng? Yechisli: bu ikkalasinngdarajasi

ylg'indisi 5 ga teng,demak(-3j ning darajasi2 ga teng. (-312ning darajasijuft bo'lgani uchun"minus" yo'qoladi va natijani9 ga
=EE#
hanrkerak.P(3,2,2)
ko'paflirish = =uo. x3y2
210'e:18e0
ffi
M: (x-2y+z)s yoyilmasida xty'2" hadining koeffitsiyenti nechagateng? 1'r-chir;h:(2y)2 ningdarajasijuftuchun "minus"

iranari.jani = tii
hamkerak.P{3,2"3,
4 gako'payrirish = = sao. 560'4:2240
x3t'zj
lro,qoradi 3l;l' fffi}}
l a l :{ 1 + 3 r } ? : 1 + , ' , . + 3 5 a r s + " . t e n g l i k d a a n e c h a g a t e n g ? ! . i " c l i i , : ;. h
r n: i n g d a r a j a s i 3 b o ' l s a , d e m a k l n i n g d a r 7
a -j a3s=i4 -

cl('1zx1t=J,!-r'zlrt :35'27x3 a:27"

, 35ax1-'35'27x3"
f.r r \6
f4, l'.F-+l nechagatengi Y*r:hish:(x+y)2niyoysak3ta, (x+y)3ni
Uino*yoyilmasidao"rtadagihadningkoeffitsiyenti
\ /r- .l
sonibitta ko'p bo'larkan.shundan(x+y)o ni yoysak7 tahzd
yoFak 4 tahadbo'ladi, Bundanxulosa:darajanechabo'lsa hadXar
= #;,' 'z-',-u
c; (VI)30-r*-')u =# r;2,5
-\'c,;liish:
pvi, (liE:+ V4t bino* yovilrnasida ratsionalhadlar"Tig'indEsinechagateng? yrglir'disi.9ho"lishi
dar-ajalari
ikkalasiaing
kemk,L,undan 1-si3 ga ,2-si 2 gakalralibo'lishikerak,shundaildizlatyo'qoladi"{9;0), {3;6) Llshbuvoyihnada
iashqarinlardara
cN{3f)et.E)o=t.2r"r=8,$(JrydT)6 =ft
rarsionaluaclzu.: z.s=3 4 7.16=1344,$'11144=135t2.

+99899.01
4.,55.61
 {Y48i
t. Efrtilnn$i4fiinTEfuui{ta.'rffi i ,
2. nrttimoftiQ[arni fr
fur'paltiris teorcrnasi.
"
,. 3. Shatttiefttimoffift :,:,
4. Efrtime$arni gs'sfti.s
fr teorrmasi.
Bayes
-e. to'fa efrtimo[frfr" formuts$i,
d. Flodisalar 3 xil bo'ladi: wuwkin bo'lnngan" muqaff{tr, tasadffiy. ,r i: : ,'
1) Ro'y berishi mumkin bo'lmagan hodisaning ehtimoli 0 ga teog. f{l Parta ustiga tanga tashlangandauning tikka turib qolish
eiitiiiioii 0 ga teng. Yoki nar'tia iushi iashiangancia7 raqamining rusirishi ehtimoii 0 ga teng.
2i lrrluqararhodisaningehtimoli (t/harfi bilar:belgilanadi)I ga teng.fvl:Tangatashlanganda "Gerbli'l i'gki "Raqamli"tomontushish
ehtimoli I ga teng,ya'ni tangatashlanganda bir martadayo gerbli yoki raqamlitomonctriqadidegani.
3) Tanga3 martatashlanganda uchchalasida ham gerbtomonbilan tushishibu tasodifiyhodisa.'
O'yin kubigi I martaashlangandagiquyidagitasodifiyhodisalarniqaraymiz;a) 3 ochkotushdi, b) 5 ochkofushdi, d) 4 ochkodan
ko'p tushdi, e) 3 ga kanali sontushdi, ,"i.r. s
c Birgalikdabo'ladiganhodisalar: avae, bvae!,dvae(masalan,6 ochko) ,'' "o'ff*'r**
r Birgalikdabo'laraganhodisalar: a va b, a va d, r..l-, 1-r3i;;..r,'*
t, .i t;
. 2 tahodisadan birining ehtimoli 2-siningro'y berishiyoki ro'y bermasliginatijasidao'zgarmasa, ,.',.r.
bundayhodisalaro'zara bog'liq bo'lmafianhodisalardeyiladi.(M-n, tangava kub birdanigatashlangandagi, holatlar)

klassikta'rifr- p@=*.
Ehtimollarnazariyesiaing Bunda,/r Ahodisaningro'yberishlarisoni(yokiAhodisaningro'yberishiga

qulayliktug'diruvchiimkoniyatlarsoni ham deyiladi),n sinovlarningumumiysoni. 144 = -O"nisbat'l hodisaningnisbiy

*
chastotasideyiladi. Ehtimollikdoim[0;l] oralig'idagisonchiqishikerak.
Demak,P(A) biror hodisaningro'y berishehtimoli,0 < P(4 < I . Ro'y bermaslikehtimoli p{'A)= | - P(,4)ga teng.
'Gerbli" tomontushishehtimoli- I /2. Bundajami imkoniyatlar
fv'l:Tangatashlanganda soni n:2.
fv'l:I dan 6 gacha raqamlangan kubni "5"
tashlaganda chiqish ehtimoli - 116 ga teng.Juft sonchiqishehtimoli 3/6:l/2 ga teng.4 dan
kattasonchiqish ehtimoli 2/6:l/3 ga teng.
fr4:Xaltada3 ta oq va 5 ta qorasharbor. Tasodifiyravishdaolinganshatningoq chiqishiehtimoli 3/8, qora chiqishehtimoli5/8, oq
yoki qorachiqishehtimoli 8/8:1 ga teng.
Uchtatangatashlandf2 tangal'gerb" tomonibilan tushishehtimolinechagateng.Yei:hish:tangalarquyidagichatushishimumkin:
{r,1,
GGG,RRR,GGR RRG, GRR, RGG, GRG,RGR. J: 3/8 (tanga4 martatashlanganda 2a :16 rrlvaziyatbo'lishi mumkin,
kub 2 martatashlanganda 62 =36 xil, 4 martatashlanganda 63 =216 xil vaziyatbo'lishi mumkin.)
Ff: Nishonga otishdatekkizishlarnisbiy chastotasi
0,6. Agar mergan nishonga 12 martatekkizaolmaganbo'lsa,jami nechtao'q
2 =OP 0,4x=12, x=30.
uzgan?Yeclrish:rmartao'quzgan,l2martasitegmagan, x-l2tasitekkan. W14=x
rl
fr'l:A,B,E,T,SHharflariyozilgan5 ta bir xil qog'ozchalardan uchtasitanlabolindi.Natijada"BESH" so'zininghosilbo'lishehtimo-

lini toping.Yechish:J ta elementdan3 tasini taslaymiz,TAKRORLANISHYO'Q, TARTIBI MUHIM. Ai : : 6O. Jz Lt60

#
ffi: 2 ta shoshqoltoshi(kub) tashlanganda tushganraqamlaryig'indisi kamida9 ga tengbo'iish ehtimoli nechagateng? ]iechislr:2 ta
k.ubtrishlangandagijami hodisalarsonin=6'6=36. Shartgako'ra quyidagiraqamlarjuftligi tushishikerak.
k=36,45,54.63,46,55,64, 56,65,66- I 0 ta. 10/36=5/18
M' a,A,Db harflaridan"DADA".so'zining hosil bo'lish ehtimolinitoping.Y: A3-DD,DDAA,ADAD,DADA.,DAAD,ADDA. J; 116
'l
formulabilan:to'rttalaharf hamqatnashadi,ikkitasitakroriy- P+(?,2)=g#=#=U , ,,
Tavakkaligaolingan3 ta detaldanquyidagiehtimolliklamitoping:
fi: Yashikda10 ta detalbo'lib, shuridan4 tasibo?yalgan.

- g=
aJ Birortasininghambo'yalmaganbo'lishi 9 i 1 ,t'2,:3==l (izoh:
'- l0tadbtdldan3tasinitanlashjami
c i o r . 2 . 3 1 9 . e . 86
, , ,-
soniClogateng,birortasihambo'yalmagan
imkoniyatlari bo'lsa3 ta detalni6 ta bo'yalmagan
orasidan
tanlashCf eatene)

b) Bittasining - bo'lishi- 9F=

bo'yalgan o
# #,f;,'g
=
] tiroh,
l0 tadetaldan jami imkoniyatlari
3 tasinitantash
cio
tanlashC] gatenS,qolgan2 tabo'yalmaganini
4 ta d€talorasidan
soniCfoeateng,lta bo'yalganini 6 ta orasidan
tanlash Calen1.)
C26

- - e - - - - - - - -- W=
c) Ikkitasiningbo'yalganbo'lishi -
t'1.0.,f2*3, =*
Cio 1.2 t0.9.8 t0

+99899.014.65.61
 hambo,yatganbo,lishi-
d) rJchchalasining =. =
& it6.e;.rE +
M: Yashikdal0 xil mevabor. Tavakkaligaolingan7 tamevaorasidaaynan a) nokning; b/ nok va olmaningbo'lish ehtimolini;
c)bizo'ylagan aniq ikki mevaningbo'lmaslik ehtimolinitoping.
Yechish:a) 10 tamevadan7 tasinitanlabolishlarsoni C1o= :120 Eateng.Biz olgan7 ta mevaichidaaniqnok bor, demak
H
qolgan6tamevaniqolgangtamevaorasidan Cf =#*=&4gateng.
tanlabolishlarsoni J: Cg/Cla=#=+

b) 10 tamevadan7 tasinitanlabolishlarsoni C1o= ffl*+ =l2O gateng.Biz olgan7 ta mevaichidaaniqnok va olmabor, dernak

qolgan5tiarnevaniqolganStamevaolasidan Cf =#=56Bateng.
tantabolishlarsoni J: CA/C{o=#=+

c) 7 ta mevaorasidaaynanikki mevaningbo'lishehtimoti bo'tsa,bo'lmaslikehtimoli F =$ eu t"ne bo'ladi.

f, +
fvl: Vertolyotharuchishda6 nat'arodamni;tashiydi.30 ta sayyohningvertolyotgachiqishtatibi tasadifiy,A.Ne'matovningI -reysda
uchishehimolinitoping.llechish: 1-reysga tekin A.Ne'matovuchunI ta o'rin olib qo'yilgan.Shunda
6 kishi Cfo usuldatanlanadi.

qolgan5 o'ringa29 kishi orasidan5 kishi Cjn usuldatanlanadi. I Cte / Cg.= = o,

*
M: Beshiuft er-xotinaralashsuhbatlashmoqda^ Ular orasidan
ixtiyoriytanlangan ikki kishi er-xotinbo'lish ehtimoliqancha?
Yeohish: l0 kishi orasidan2 kishi Cr2o 45 usuldatanlanadi.Farazqilaylik, I ta erkak Cl = 5 usuldatanlanadi.Almauo'sha
=
erkakningxotinini faqatbir xil usuldatanlashmumkin.(Agar uningxotini deylik 3 ta bo'lsa, 3 xil usuldatanlashmumkinbc'lardi.)
c ! . r =5 = r
c?o 4s e
2. Teorerma:O'zarobog'liq bo'lmaganhodisalarning birgalikdaro'y berishehtimolibu hodisalarharbiriningro'y berish
:
ehtimolfariningko'paytmasigateng. P (AB) P(A r-tB) =P(A)'
P(B)
f{: Tangava Lub bir vaqtdatashlandi.Tanganing"gerb" tomonitushishiva ku-bning4 dankattasonchiqishhodisalariningbirgalikda
ro'y betishehtimolinitoping.licchish:bu ikki hodisabir-birigabog'liq emas."Gerb"tushishehtimolil12, 4 d,ankattasonchiqish

* r:i
ehtimori t, + +=+
M: Tanga3 martatashlandi.l-mafta "raqam", 2- va 3-martasida"gerb" tomonibilan tushishehtimoiinechagateng.
licclrish:tanganingl-marta'traqam"tomoni tushishiehtimoli0,5 ga teng.2-mafiatashlanganda"gerb" tomonibilan tushishehtimoli
ham0,5 ga terg va 3-rnartasida"gerb" tomonibilan tushishehtimoliham0,5 ga teng. Olzarobog'liq bo'lmaganhodisalarning
birgalikdaro'y berishehtimolibu hodisalarhar blrining ro'y berishehtirnollariningko paytmasigatetgligidan (0,5)3=9,125.
fi: Xaltada5 ta oq va 4 ta qorasharbor. Xaltadanketma-ket3 ta sharolindi..Birinchi va uchinchisharningoq, ikkinchisiningqora
rangdabo'lishehtimolinitoping.Ycchish:bilinehir:lingansliarnirgoq chlqirh*htimoli 519gateng.Xaltada8 ta sharqoldi,2-olingan
sharningqorabo'lish ehtimoli 418ga teng.Xaltada7 ta sharqoldi, 3-olinganshamingoq bo'lish ehtimoli4/7 gateng.Bu
ro'yberishehtimoli:
hodisalarningbirgalikda
+ + +:$ sa tens.
i.i1l.+'i':l: r.:n ta tajribao'lkazilganda kamida(hechbo'lmaganda)
hodisaning bir marta ro'y berishehtimoli-1-4" formulabilan
topiladi.f{: Tangauch marlatirshlangandaraqam tomonikamidabir martatushishhodisasiehtimolinechaga teng.
Yecliish:GGG,RRR,GGR,RRG,GRR, RGG,GRG,RGR. Jz718 fonrrulabilan: p:0,5 tanganing raqamtomonib.n tushish
ehtimoli,q=l-p=1-0,5:0,5 tanganinggerbtomonb.n tushishelrtimoli. l-(0,5f = l-1/8= 718
: Tangauch martatashlanganda
f\zf raqamtomoni aynattbir rnatla tushishehtimolinecbagateng.Y*rhish: GGR.,RGG, GRG. J: 3/8
,tvl:Tanga4 mwtatashlanganda raqamtohoni aynan.bir m.atJatushishehtimolinechagateng.Yechislr:bunda2a=16xil holat
kuzatilishimumhin.Yuqoridagimisoldanko'rdikki, G va R harflarini4 ta o'ringajoylashtilib chiqishimizkerak,BundaR harfi
faqatginabir rnartaqatnashsin: demak,R harfi boshida,2-o'rinda, 3-o'rinda va oxirida kelishi mumkin. 4ll6:tr14 Jt t/4

shartli ehtirnollikdeb,E hodisaro'y

3, A va B o'zarobog'liqhodisalatbo'lsin.P(A/B){yoki Pe(A)kabi hambelgilanadr)

berganligianiqbo'lganidaA hodisaning aytiladiva quyidagifc,rmulaorqalitcpiladi. H.A/ B):

ro'y berishehtirno,i.iqa
ffi
f+t:Idishda7 ta qorava3 ta oq sharbor. Tavakkaligaketrna-ketbiffadan2 ta sharolinrli. tsirinchisharqorarangclabc,'lsa,Z-straming
oq bo'lishi ehtirnoiinitoping.' ' ' ',.,'
Ycchil;h:A- olingaoi-sharqorarailgda,ts- olingan2-sharoqtangda. zl hoclisa 1'o'ybergaildan so'ng,idishda3 ta oq rra6 ta
qorasharqoiadi.Shuninguchul' i {.t P(EV)=3/9=113.

P@=+,
Yokiformuiabilantopamiz: \AB)=ld +=+, P1E/rn=W; =i,*Jt:
torniulasako'ta:
*J!=+
fvl: 100 ta kaltochka berilga.nbo'lib, ular 00,01,02,.",, 99kabi nomerlangan"Tavakkaliga olingan hiita karfcichkadagisonning
'Trclrish:
raqamlariko'paytrnasinol bs'1ie3,bilat biiga.raqarnlariyig"indisi birgn leng bc'lish ehtimoli neehaga.
teng?

+99899.01
4.65.61
# - olingankartocFrkadagi
so*ningraqamlariko'paytniasiirolgateng: 01,t12,"..10,20,...9S. bular i9 te, P{A):!9/!CIfi;
lB -karlochkatiagisonningraqamlariko'p4rtmasi nol va yig'indisi biiga teng: 0i rra i0" bttlar2 ta. P(AB)=271qgt'

I hodisaro'y berganligianiqbo'lganfdaI hodisaning ru'y berishehtimoli g1B/A)=4l!) = +* -

P(A, 19/100 +19'
frl' Fitmada7 erkakva 3 ayol ishchiishlayd.i.fpvalkliga tanlangan3 ishchiningbarchasierkakbo'lish ehtimolinitopiiirg. \'rchisir;,
''
E - Z-ishchining
A -,i-ishchiningerkakbo"lisheirtimotri, erkakbo'lishehtimoli,C - 3-ishchiningerkakbo'Xishehtimc,libo'isini
' '
P(eF7119. I-ajr*tilganishchiningerkakh'r'lishishartiostida2-ajratilgan ishchiningharncrkakbo-lishiehtirnolligi
P(B!A):6/9=2/3. 3- ishchininghamerkakbo'lishi ehtimoli P(CIAB):515. Uch ishcliiningbarchasierkakbo'lish'i:.htimoli:

P(ABC): (clAE)=
P(A).P(B|A).P : , . ^ , - c, . 1 7 . d . 5 r . 2 . 3 7
h + + * '-'-'clo 1.23109.8 24

bo'lsin,,:.hoLdz
t A va B o'zatnbog'lio ho'lmaganho,li"salar P{A/B)=P(A)tenglik+'rinlidir.

4. Teorema,Birgalikdabo'imaganikki hodisadan bittasining(istalganbirining)ro'y berishehtimolihu

hedhbo'lniaganda
hodisalalehtimollarining yig'indisiga teng. fl,a U B) =P(A+B)=P(A)+P(B)
M: Idishda5 ta oq va 4 ta qorasharbor.Tavakkaligaikkita sharolindi.Olingansharningbir xil ranglibo'lishehtimolinitoping.
Yr:clrish: A-ikkalashamingoe; 8- ikkalasharningqorabc'lishhodisasi. Bularo'zarobog'liq bo'lmaganhodisalar.I hodiaaning

r o ' y b e r i s hC , h o d i s a n i n g r o ' y b e r i sCh,ir , j a m i h o d i s a n i n g l o ' y b e r i C

i 5 2B s h/ .i U h o l d a ,P ( A + B ) = g - g = * * 9 : 1
c& c& 36 3,6t,:,e
14:Bir xaltadatengmiqdordamoviy va qizil sharbor. Bir olishdaolinganikki shardanikkalasininghammoviy bo'lish ehtimoti7/.30
ga tengbo'lsa,moviy sharrniqdorinitoping. Ye*hi.sli:moviy sharx ta , qizil sharhamx ta, jami 2x ta sharbo'lsin. Shundaolingas ;,-
moviybo'lishehtirnoli
1-sharning = ga tengbo'ladi.Endixaltadax-,1ta moviysharva 2x-l ta iamisharqoldi.2-shaming
+ +
moviy . bo'lishehtimoli L
fr e. teng.Bu ikkalahodisaning birgalikda
ro'y berishehtimoii
+ #= fr,
lO*-10=28x-14,x=8
Teofema.Birgalikda,lekin o'zarobog'liq bo'lmaganikki hodisadan hechbo'lmaganda bittasiningro'y berishehtimoiiular har
yig'indisidan
birining ehtimollari ularningbirgalikdaro'y berishehtimoliniayrilganigateng. P(.4uB) = P(A)+P(B)- P(A. Bj
fv'f:l-va2-to'pdanotilgandanishongategishehtimoilarimosravishdap;0,7vap2=0,8gateng. Ikkalato'pdanbirvaqtdao'q
otilganda:a) ikkalasining hamnishongategishi; - P(A)'P(E):0,7'0,8:0,56.
b) faqatbirinchisiningnishongategishi;- 0,7'0,2:0,14
c) faqatikkinchisiningnishongategishi;- 0,8'0,3=0,24
d) faqatbimsiningnishongategishi; - 0,7'0,2+0,8'0,3:0,38
e)hechbo'lmagandabittasiningnishongategishi;- P(AwB)=44+48)-4A-B)=0J+0,8-056:Dga
hamnishongategmaslikehtimolinitoping.- 0,3'0,2:0,06 yoki l-0,94:0,06
f) ikdelasining
ishlashehtimolliklari mosravishdap;0,8 p2:0,9 va p2=0,95ga
fv'f: Avariyaro'y bergandabir-biridanmustaqil3 ta signalizatorning
teng.Quyidagihodisalarehtimolliklarinitoping: ( A = o F A = 0 2 B = 0 9 r = 0 " 1 c = 0 9 5 c = 0 , 0 5)
a) uchchalasiningham ishlashi; - P U)'P (B)' P(C)= 0,8'0,9'0,95--0,684.
'
b) faqatbirinchisiningishlashi;- P(A)-P(B).P(i) = 0,8.0,I'0,05=0,004
c) faqatikkinchisiningishlashi;- P(A)'P(B).P(c) = 0,2'0,9'0,05=0,009
ri.iiaqatbittasiningishlashi; - ii,8'iJ,1'0,05+0,2'0,9'0,05+U,2'0,1'0,95=0,032
e) hechbo'lmaganda bittasiningishlashi;- P(A+ B +'Q = (tI+ 4B)+ P(q- PVB)- P(AC)- (Bq+ P(ABC)=
= 0 F + 0 p + 0 9 5 - q 8 ' 0 9 - 0 $ . o g s - 0 9 . 0 9 5 + 0 , 8 . 0 9 . 0 9 5 = 0 9yeo9k i t-inc=1-01.0J.0,05=0999
hamishlamaslikehtimolinitoping.- P(A).P(Bj.4 C)= 0,2'0,1'0,05=0,001
f) uchchalasining
ivi; Maktabbog'ida 10 oq, I 5 ta pushti,20 ta qizil gul bor. O'quvchi shundanbittasiniuzdi. Uzilgangulningoq yoki pushtirangda
bo'lish ehtimolinitoping.Yechish; l-oq, Blushti gulninguzilish ehtimoli;A'B{ -#-O:
}
chunki bitta gul uzilgan.
#
Bernalli.forntulasi: n ta o'zarobog'liq bo'lmagantajribao'tkazilganda rr martaro'y berishehtimoli:
hodisaningloppa-rosa
P@;m)= Cilt ' Pm 'qil-m ro'y berrnaslikehtimoli,ra:A
bunda,4 A hodisaning
fv'!:Korxonaiovarining5% i sifatsiz.Tasodiianolingan5 ta tovar ichida2 tasiningsifatsizbo'lish ehtimolini.toping. l'echish:bitta
tanlangan ixtiyoriytovarningsifatsizbo'lish ehtimolip:5:100=0,05ga teng. q:1-p:l-{,05:0,95 qismisifatli.
4s2) = psQ)= C?.(0pt2,.(o9s)s-2= og2
5 tasisifatsiz.Tasodifan
fv'|:50tamahsulotining olingan6 ta mahsulotdan 3 tadankam (kamida2 tasining)sifatsizbo'lishehtimqlini
toping. 3 tadankamdegani
Yechish: mahsulot
sifatsiz 0 ta,I ta , 2 tabo'lishimumkindegani.Bittamahsulotning sifatsiz bo'lish
ehtimoliP=5i50=0,19=l-0,1=0,9 +p(62)=4(0,1)t
p(6'A
r<6'p)'+ .(o9)6+ cl@y -(op)'* ciWY -(op)4= o,ss

F.o'8oqov+99899.0
14.65.6
I
 to'rt partiyadanikkitasini yutishehtimoli ko'proqmi yaki olti,partiyadan
lvi: Ikki tengkuchli shahmatchishahmato'ynashmoqda:
uchtasiniyutishirnkoniyatiko'proqmi? Ycr;hish: Shahmatchitar tengkuchli uchunyutishehtimolip=0,5ga,yutqazishehtimoliham
(4;2):PqQ):C24@5Y'(0F)2=6'025'025=6/16
q:t-p=0,5gareng.To'rtpartiyadanikkitasiniyutishehtimoli:

oltipartiyadanuqhsiniyutishehrimoli: I(6;3)=Pe(3)=C;(05I.(05)3- 20.OJZ'.OJ25:20l&=5/16

Demak,to'rt partiyadanikkitasini yutish ehtirnolikattaroq-
toping:
fi: Mergano'qining nishongategishehtimolip=0,8. Nishongaotilganl0 ta o'qdanquyidagiehtimolliklarni
'10,2)to
n=10; m:0; p:0,8; q=l-0,8=0,2.P1t0:01:c?o@SY
a)tegmaslik- =t't'(oJ)10

- n=l0; m:1; P(i 0; 4 = Ci^tlfiy't02)e

tegishi
b) 1tasining

c) 3 tasiningtegishi- n:l0; m=3; P(10;3)= Cio(0,8I'(0p)7= 0p008

teglshr- n:10; m:10; P(10;l0) : Cl80,8Io'(0,2)0- 0l

d) barchasing

5-, To,lagruppatashkileradigan, birgalikdabo'lmagan 81,82,...,8,hodisalarning (gipotezalaming) ro'y

biri ro'y bergandagina
berishimumkinbo'lganI hodisaningehtimoli gipotezalardan har birining,4 hodisaningtegishii shartliehtimoliga ko'paytmalari
yig;inAisilu teng: P(4 = P(BJ Pe,(A) + P@)' Ps,(A) + "" + P@")' Ps,,(A)
20 tasi Algebra,l0 tasiGe+'rnefi'lyadan
bo,lib, shtrnrla.n 6'gi5l '.3chrtn
Imtihonrla.n abiirnlrentistal.qar
f4, N4:ter,at!ka4il'30te sa.rel"
bir savolgajavobbersra yetarli.Agar u algebradan15 ta, geometriyadan 8 ta savolniyechishni bilsa, uning bu imtihondan o'tish
- ga teng, B2- tanlangan savolning
ehtimolinitoping. yechish: B1 tanlangansavolningalgebradan bo'lish ehtimoli P(Br):20/30

geometriyadan bo,lishehtimolip(Bt= ga teng. Psr(A = P(A/ Bi= {rue"Uradan savoltushishshartiostidauni yechaolish

# $
ehtimoli), ps.Gq = PGl Bz)= 8 / tA (geometriyadansavoltushishshartiostidauni yechaolish ehtimoli)

fonnulasiga
ro'taehtimollik :4
P(4 : P(q)' P(At4)+ P(h)' P(A/Bz)
asosan: : =#
#-+& # +. +
fv.l,Munisal4 ta,DildoraZ0 tava Zulayhol5 ta ko'ylaktikdi. Ular tikkanko'ylaklarningsifatlibo'lishehtimolimosravishda0.8,
0.6va 0.8ga ieng.Tavakkaiiga olinganko'ylakningsifatlibo'lishiehtimolinitoping.
+ e(4) . P(AtBz)+ P(4)' P(A/4): #
p (4 : P(4).P(A/r,1) oo* #'0'6 * *' oF= + * * * * = li
qaramasdan B
M: A yashikdaZ ta oqva4 ta qora,B yashikda3 ta oq va 6 ta qorasharbor. A danixtiyoriy olingansharningrangiga
yashikkasolindi.B yashikdanolinganixriyoriybir sharningoq bo'lishehtimolinitoping. Yechish: Bunda 2 hol bo'lishi mumkin:

l-hol. A lqf[i5dan oq sharolindi f va B yashikkasolindi.B danoq sharchiqishi fi. Ikmt*i.ting birdanigaro'y berishi t *!=*

qorasharolindi f
2-hol.A yashikdan va B ga solindi.B danoq sharchiqishi ttkalasining ro'y berishi
birdaniga
fr. + *=+
H hodisalar
bo'lmagan
Buikkalahol o'zarobog'liq 1o'yberishehtimoli+ - + = + gateng.
b-b,ulaming
H
!t

tE M: 3 ta idishninghar birida 6 tadanqorava 4 tadanoq gharbor. 1

2-idishdanhambir shar olinib, 3-idishgasolindi. 3-idishdan
-idishdantavskkaligabitta sharolinib, 2-idishgasolindi.So'ngra
tavakkaiigaolingansharningoq bo'lish ehtimolini toping.

b l-hol.l-idishdanqorasharolindi,2-idishdanhani'qorasharolindi,3-idishda . 'i,:
F * +n+o q s h a r o l i n d i ;
7.
2-hol.X-idishdan oq sharolindi:
qorasharolindi,2-idishdanoq sharolindi,3-idishdan *
B; * + ', '' '
:,
I oq sharolindi;
3-hol.l-idishdanoq sharolindi,2-idishdanqorasharolindi,3-idishdan , ,"
* + +
II 4-ho1.1-idishdan oq sharolindi: *
oq sharolindi,2-idishdanhamoq sharolindi,3-idishdan + +
n
F tsuhotiisaiarrringbirgaiiktiaru'yi:Yrisiieiriilrroiiio'i-Liaiaiioiiiiiigtiaiijaiaiyig'iirtiisigaieirg'i.242l6t5=&'4

Deylik, biror.rl hodisaningto'la ehtimolinitc,pdik,uning aynanqaysigrupnadayuz berganllgrehtirnolinibayes

l?*yes.,lie;..reierJrisi".
fomulasi asosidahi soblaymiz.
ikki rnad-a
nrobatar,r
DostonningtezligiLlybekjonga-
Mr h4isolyechishda Cez.DostonmisolXam! 80 %, Qylekjonqa 90%to'g"ti
yechilganmisrrllarorasidan
tavakkaliga
yechadi.,g'qifuvchi Gybekjon
va u to'g'ri yechilganedi.Lrshbumisotrni
bittasinitekshircli
yechgan,bo'lishi ehtimolligini toping.
Yeclri,rli:'Farazqrlaylik,3 ta misol shundan2 tasiniDostoo,I tasir,iGi&ekjon ishtaydi'Demiik,
a'rtagatashlansa,
p(A) rnisolning ro,g'riyechilganbo'lish ehtimoli, bu bittamisolniDsstonyechganbo'lishiehtimoli,P(Er)=173
PdB)--213 bri bitta
misolni Oybekjonyechganbo'lishi ehtimoli, Fa($) bu bitta to'e'ri yechilganmisolni tJybekjon yechgan bo'lishi ehtimoli.
pa,(t4= p(,4/ BJ = i3,E{misotrniDostor yechganbo'lishi shamrostidau.cingtr-l'g'rrbo'lish ehtirri,:1i); Psr(t{)= D.F

F
I r aJRsQ0v+99;99.014
65.61
!4.
 1
P r A t : 4 ' t l-',-
E+*.09=
1
i.
4
: y9}#2
FA{E,* n+# : * = our (y*rci
36%}
-3 J ', 6
fvi:Uch merganbir 3,o'lao'q uzishdi,hundai.ickio"q nishongategdi.Agar 1-,2-, 3-merganlaminghishonga tekkizishehtirnollzu'r
rnos
0.7 , 0r8:,0.9 gatengbo'lsa,uchinchimsrgaruringnishongatekliizganligiehtimolinitopir.rg.
rar,,ishda
Ycrehisir:Br- n-vsrZ-mtrganlarnishongatekkizdi3-metg4n 1
lel*izaolmadi. P(BrtrO::l'fl.rB'0.il=0.b55,
-
Bz l- r,a 3- merganlarnishongatekkizdi Z-ingrgantekkizaoimadi. P(Bt):t!.7'0.2'0.9=A.126,
E: - 2- r'a 3- merganialnishongatekkizdi1-mergan fekkizaolmadi. P(B =0.3'0,8'0.9=0.2I5.
Bt. Bz,B: gipotezalarda : PertAJ= Pa|(A}= 1 (ya'ni 2
I hodisamuqan.arbo'lgani uchur,tegishii shartliehtimolla I ga tengL.P1,(AJ

ra o'q tekkan,uchinchisianiq tegmagan). Pt"4j= F(E*': Far@j1' P(Bzj P6,@j+ P(fuj :'F6r&) = 0,056"l + OJ26' I + 02i 6 " I = 0338
P!?:)
t lchinehi teLkjzgadigi
nishonga
tae.r'ganning e;4) -
ehtimolirn1;gr1+ =?::!!;:;(4)-Pu'(4 = ffiffJE - opz

',
# 4 {- F *{ # "f-{."-Sl-a T..4H {" { {" { ,

engsoddafurlari:o'rta arifmetik qiymat, o'zgarishkengligi,moda va mediana.

Statistikxarakteristikaning
Varianta - element,son. Variatsion qator - tarliblanmagan elementlar,sonlarqatori
L Berilgansonlarqatoridabiror bir sonningnechamartatakroranuchrashiniko'rsatuvchison o'shasonningabsolyut
chastotasideyladi.
2. Berilgansoirlarqatoridagiengkattasonbilan engkichik sonayirmasigao'zgarish kengligi deyladi.
3. Berilgansonlarqatoridagiabsolyutchastotasiengkattabo'lgan sonsonlarqatoriningmodasi deyladi.
4. Berilgansonlarningsonitoq bo'lsa,ularningmedianasio'shasonlafnio'sish tartibi bilan joylashtirgandagiengo'rtada
rurgansondir.Berilgansonlarningsonijuft bo'lsa,ularning medianasio'shasonlamio'sish tartibi bilanjoylashtirganda
o'rtadaturganikkita sonningo'rta arifmetigigateng.
fgl: Shaxmat o'yini musobaqasida 8 nafaro'quvchilarmosravishda13,13, 12,13,70,13, 12,l0 ochkoto'pladi.Jamio'quvchilar
olganochkolaming o'rta arifmetigi( I 3+I 3+I 2+I 3+I 0+i 3+t 2+I 0):8: I 2. sorii;
Ochkolar l0 12 13
O'zgarishkengligi: l3-10=3, Qatorningmodasi: 13. Ochkolarabsolyutchastotasi: l a A

Berilgansonlarqatoriningmedianasi:10, I0, 12,12.13,I3, I3, I3. (12+13):2:12,5

Sootbilonbog'liqbo'zimqsalqlar.
fv'l:Eskisoathar I soatdal5 sekundorqadaqolmoqda.Soatl23oda to'g'rilanibbir kundanso'ngqaralsa, soatnechaniko'rsatadi?
Yeclrisli:birkun24soat.lsoatda15sekundorqadaqolsa,24soatda15'24:36}sekund:6min.orqadaqoladi. Jll22{
It'l: Soat12mbo'lishidannechaminut awal kattava kichik millar orasi600ni tashkiletgan?
\ ' ^ " h i c hs o a t i l a g i h a : ' h i t y n ' l a k c h e l a r-oJr6anS0i ' 4 0 = 640a n K i r h ; k m i l l + q 1 , 1 ' ! a l : c h : n r b c S i L c ' : ; U n , : t - : l : "i -l ti t; : : : - : l
yo"takchani(rninutni)bosibo'tadivaularorasidagigradus-(12-l)'6a=660nitashkiletadi.Bu I200dan12minawal,ya'niltasda
ular orasidagiburchak6d bo'lgandegani. Kichik mil 2 ta yo'lakchanibosibo'tguncha kattamil 24 ta yo'lakchani(minutni)bosib
-
o'tadi va ular orasidagigradus (24-4'60:1320 ni tashkiletadi.Shundankelib chiqib proporsiya i)zamiz. nechaminutawal degani
Ij:ff! E6x=72e, /rlff minut
""n"" "=#=#=to uu
M: Soatningkattava kichik millari ustma-ustturibdi. Qanchasoatdanso'ngular yanaustma-ustkeladi.
Yei:hiril::kattamil (minut mili) bir marlato'liq aylanganda60 martachiqillaydi(60 ta yo'lakchanibosib
o'tadi). Kichik mil (soatmili) bir martato'liq aylanganda12 martabonguradi, har bongurganda5 ta ttot**s;
yo'lakchanibosibo'tadi. (12.5:60). Kichik mil ! ta yo'lakchani(soatni)bosibo'tguncliakattamil 12 ta {}$
yo'lakchani(minutni) bosibo'tadi. (Minut milining 12 ta chiqillaganisoatmilining I ta chiqillashiga
g
tengyoki minut milining tezligi soatmilining tezligidin l2 martakattadesakbo'ladi.) tx3
Deylih soatl2m da ular ustma-ust'turganbo'lsa,bir soatdanso'ng kattamil 12ni, kichik mil I ni
ko'rsatadi,ya'ni soat100bo'ladiva ular orasidagimasofa5 ta yo'lakcha.l2x=1x+5, x=Slll
- 1 l = * + -5.' i jg
-t2.* l = g -bu shunchaminutdanso'ngkattamil kichik milni quvib yetadidegani.
ll ll
r = l Eungaawalgi bir soatniqo'shsak,l+l/l I = 12ttl
Buni soatgaaylantirsak,
6 0 l l

fi: 46 ni 7 ga mezoninitoping.Bu "46 ri 7 ga bo'lgandagiqoldiqni toping" degani. 46:7=6(4 qoldiq).

+99899.014.65.61
i
i r MAXSIJSfuZ Ail"^EN
I
tsI&i*.NfrtASAMnAS"'
qanoatlantiradix:2 nk; v:v l)*2 ltk (A)
1. (9ffi-19) f(1) - barchakoeflitsiyentlar
9. (97-6-12)x3-3x2- 4x +12 = 0 :
yig'indisi.
x' 1x-3;-41x-3)=0;(x-3X x' 41=g'
f ( l ) : ( l - 1 ) 2( l + l ) 2 + 3 . 1 l : 2( E )
grafik usuldayechamiz. (x-3)(x-2)(x+2):0;xt =3; xz =2; x, : -Z
2. (9f-7-35) Tengl'amani
/r\" x rxrx,:3' 2'(-2): 12 (D)
y:e-'=l :l ; y=x_z 10,(97:l-36) To'g'ri to'rtburchakningbir tomoni
\e)
ikkinchi tomoniperimetri30 bo'lgani
6,foe'.1sa
tenglamagrafiklari bitta uchun I 5-x) bo'ladi. To' g'ri to'rtburchakning
(
nuqtadakesishgan yuzasiengkattabo'lishi uchunbo'yi va eni teng
I ta (A) bo'lishikerak,ya'ni7,59a7,5Lekinshartgaasosan
x butunson,demak,x:7 yoki 8. S:x( I 5-x]
3. (9G10.-15)52sinx+cosx Q.S'=? S:7(15-7):56
| -
rlJz, p1z;"'l2z
+rzl y=f J5;Jsl ll.(97-9-15) 17ni 15 gabo'lsakI butun,shuning
y**=n6 (B) uchunx:l.
r il ri t
4. (97-1-l2i) x3+2x2-9x -18 = 0; *-
x'z(x+2)-9(x+2)=g' (x+2X-r2-9):0 ; y+-
r : G ; r s = t -I :t :- T
xz=3, r-, =-3, z 2
(x+2)(x 3)(x+3)=0 xr=4,
1
-i=l . 1
.xr+.x2+ xr-2*J*(-3):2 (B) x+
, t I

1 - : 1 0 . l ! = -r + l : r + I v+- I+-
S.(97-F15)x---l 7 , ,;I
" J
7,7 zn + 12;(97-9-+18)36<x2<37
y+-- ; { t ('
l x - < r t . l ( x = {$r6 + J l 3 " ' o . ,
Z J J
1 1
*n--i= l+J; x=l;Y:2;z:3(A) lr'>lo'Ltr-6X.r+6)>o. i,i,
l - l t - \
y+- z+; x e (-Jrz;-o;Ju[6:"137 '
Z J ) ''
13.(97-9-32) x:2 r n; x= n l2*2 n n (A).
6. (97-F18) ["'] :9, 9< x' <!0
(97-5-32 ga qaralsin.)
-lo <o
[x'-to.o '. I*' ' J-"m.
r <Jio.
' 14.(97-9-56) 5:4'5:20 @)
1 r ' - n = o. I ri ' - 9 > o L " >3 ; x 4 - 3 ls. (97-9-85)' {
l * t - 3 x ' y = y 3+ 2 0
r-\
xe (-J10;-3lu[3;^/10J l3xv':7
-i,
7.(91-5-351 {L
arcsina |*' -ix'vr - ,' = ro qo'shamiz
+{'. --" tenglamalami
(3 n -lA)=3 n -lO l3xv' =7
I 0):arcsin(sin
arcsin(sin
fsintnttx<sin2x x t - 3 x ' y + 3 x y z- ! 3 = 2 7 .
8. (e7-s-32)+i
lcosttttxscos2.r (x-y)3=3'; x-y=3; !--1-=1
reesx+costees
y < I bu tengsizlikningtengligi, -c
sin 16.(97-1.1-12') x.3+5x?ix-20+0 \x?x3 =
lsinx=1 f s i n x = 0, ,
f a o' a t { - va{ . dabaiafllaol. Yoki x2 (x+5f4(x+5) ; (x+5)(x2-4):0;
lcos.r=u Icosx=l (x+5)(x-2)(1+2):0bundan
J r = - 5 ; x r = 2 ; x r = - 2 ;x r x r x u = 2 0 ( B )
t7" {g7-12-to)(a-lb[]i+{a*2\2 = 0 bunclan
-lul=a. =ll'["jb = !2 'j .
[. [o
l o - 2 = 0 ' l s- 2 ' l . a = 2
u = L + Z . d rhar ikki tenglikniqanoatlantiradi. 1) 2a4b=212-3'2= I
2
fsin.r= 0 = 2) 2a-3b:2"2'3'(-2P16 4Pi
Znk atikki teiiglamani '(") <0 tengsizlik
doineo'rintri
2)1
= 1
{r ! . 18.{91-1243),f
ICOSJ' I lx=2nk o'zining sohasida
aniqlanish
bo'lsa,fimksiya
kamayriv*hibo'ladi.,f '{x)=k-cosx< 0 y*ki

+99899.014.{i5.61
 bir tengsizlikd*im o'rinli b*'lishi ucirun
sCIsx>k
k{-l bo'lishikerak{A) --tr -.;N=Xbo'lsa
2 7 . ( 9 S - 6 -6fj f t x + 3 )' = -
vf v.i- T\f r'.r ?\ f {x+1\'
19.(98-4-ft) =:::_f::_:r juft sonbo'ladi. '
-ft:,.4\=-l-; x:-l bo'lsa f(2\= Ou
20.(9&4-18) tglOOx +ctg100x bu,scnfarmusbatva J Q\' ,r(o)
teskari.Ulaming yig'indisi L2;* j" Eng kichigi 2. tengliklarnibo"Libyuborsak l(4). = I ekanFigi
{c} \
. !
kelib chiqadi.(A)
21.$p*/.-201xz+72*a*s+1:g ,
2
r r l l 23, (9S-6-17) y-2'* '; x>0,bo'lsax+1 > 2
(x+^ )' +(z+i ) 2:0 bundan
*:_l ; z-+
2 ' , 2 ' , L ' J 1 '
bc'ladi;x<0 bo'lsa x*- 3 -Z bo'ladi,Bundan
(e)
xz=-+.(_lFo,zs
n -
- !,
L L

2 ocy( 4 "r,,
o v.(,q*'],rh*)trl
22.(9+2e1 lh(x + l5)l =-(x+k) tenglamaning \+.J
chaptomonimusbatyoki 0, o'ng tomoni esamanfiy 29. (98-6-2l) agartenglamalarumumiyildizga ega
yoki 0. Shuninguchuntenglamaning har ikki bo'lsa,a va x quyidagisistemani qahoatlantiradi.
tomoni0 gatengbo'lishi kerak. I x z+ a x - Z = 0
-(-14+k;2:9, k:14. (B) j , tenglamalarnihadma.-had
ayi
ltnl-r+15)l=9,x:14; l x ' + a x"' - 2 = 0
23. (9S-3-60)sin2x-0,5sin2x-2cos2x )0
x' -x3+ax-ax2 =o; -x 2 (4;1|ax(x-ly:gt
Tengsizlikninghar ikki tomoninicos2x ga bo'lib (x-l)(-x(x+a)):0 bundaii' 4 = Ijr*, = Q = -a
quyidaginihosilqilamiz: .ru
x= I bo'lsaa:l; x=0 va x-a da-2=0 bo'ladi-bu
tg2x-tgx-2 >0
Q demaka=l (A)
tz-t-2 )0 ; (tgx+lxtgx-2)>0 *a +l -2xz
3n-$8-7-2',t1
..* = :-:( x z + l \ 2
4 taoraliqning
ishorasini
ff x ' + x 4 2+ 1 x ' + x r l ?+ I '
( x ' + l ) 2 - { . | - z x ) ' _ (rt + t - Jzx;1x'+t,+J-zx1
x'+xJi+l x'+xJi+1 i
=<'-xJ2 +t (E)
(A)
31. (9f10-45) x 2-2x-8:0 tenglamaning ildizlari
qarama-qarshi ishorali.(D)
24.(gH*lqrJto2 *zr-t ildiz ichini20 deb 32. (9Lll-24) Tenglama i ldizlari ioni ni funksiya
yechishk-k. Shartgako'ra tenglamaildizlari -l va grafiklarinichizishorqalitopamiz. :'
l/3 bo'lishiuchunk ning o'rniga3 qo'yishkerak; y = l l o g zx l ; y = - x + 4
Shunda,funksiya3(x+ 1)(x- I i3) > 0 ko'rinishiga
kelib, funksiyagrafiklari ikki nuqtada
'I,e.-
; rh.?, ?* 11..!\,
y=(-o;,-i]u[i/3,,r,) i,i-ai1*dr Fi'.\ rluolBrr6Gi!
/-ffi \sy'

*:1-1;1/3) oraliqda -Y
aniqlangan, ll3
aniqlanmaganbo'ladi.
- l
kx2+2x-1:(x+1)(x-i )<0;3x 2+2x-l<0; k=3
J
A A
25.(98-430) Q'=4; y:Q' tunksiya 33. (98-11-61) x2+f +1y-t)z :Zxy;
kamayuvchiuui:l bo'lsa|t,zsboladi, xz -2xy+yz+(y-l) 2:0; (x-y) 2+1y-1;2=g
Shuninguchunx<-1 (A) bundany:l, x=51; x+51+l=2 (D)
26.(9K1fl 2x*cosx:l-cos 2x+cosx-
5sin = r , arcsina:L bo'lgunda
34. (98-11-64) arccosa
l ^ 5
: -1cosx-i
' )'+; bufunksiyao'ziningengkatta
2' 4 ifodaengkattaqiymatgaerishadi
I . arccosa-4arcsina:n 4.f-! n G)
qiymatiga cosx: I bo'lganda erishadi. fl
L

,,7 3s.(e8-11-6s)
asosan0<x< zz,demakx=:
Shartga (B) (x-Z)f(x-2)+ "f(2x)+"f(x+ 2)= ya 6
J
x=2 bo'lsa
( 2 - z ) f ( 2 - 2 ) +f ( 2 ' 2 ) + . f( 2 + 2 ) = 2 a 6
F.0'R080v +99899.0
I 4.55.6
l
 2f (4)=8;f $) = 4 (D) 44.(e8-12-8s)
36. (98-11-68)(x) toq darajalaridagi t ( -z\
(x-2-xt XZx+:; a lagrz*7,a2lt-* | >O
koeffitsiyentlar yig'indirl'/0) -"f(-t) bo'ladi. g ' /L) \'

- r { -z\
( t)=(I 3-l+ t)3+l:z f(- I ):(-1, + t+l )3-l:0; (x2 -x+2) (2x+:; a lo9rr+zr+2ll-*
e \ n )i SO
(f(l Ff(-l )/l:(2-0):2: I (A)
='1, -27; xz -xr2doim musbattashlabyuboramiz;(2x+1;
37.(gS-12-rt1-d-
' Ba3:27a2 ' e
a"-l 8'
I
Ba3-27a2 +z'1:o; Ba3-24a2 -3a2 +27:o: musbatyoki xt:: da 0 va bu l-yechim;
', e
; (a-3)(8a2-3a-9;:g t
sa21a-:;-: 1a-3)(a+3)=Q
ar3; 8a'-3a-9:0 tenglamaning naturalildizi x'+2x+2 =1x+1)2+l bundan^* -luuasos doim
yo'q; a:3 (A) birdan katta.
38. (98-12-26)maxrajniirratsionallikdan v2 *2
(i<1-1 s 1; 0< a s l; 0< x2sn bundan
qutqaran'riz n t
1 t-f l -"1n < x < J n bu oraliqdacheksizko'p manfiy
r - t - t . . . 1
,ll + ^12 ^12+ .'l3 J-tsgg* Jrooo yechimbor (A)
.lt-'n Ji -,lt 45.(98-12-96)x(2+5x\=x8-4x4 +4
{Jr+"!41'11-J4
tJi+JsxJl-6' xt 4xo + 4:(x41)t>0 doi* nomanfiy.
Jrsqs-Ji600 Shuninguchuntenglamaning manfiyildizi yo'q
tJrED- Jroooy
1Jrser+nfloool 46. (99-1-19 lal+lbl strusabablix:l bo'lishi
''': -Jf +Ji - Jl +Ji -...-.hsee+Jrooo: rnumkin.
' / \
= -1+40=39(C) = = (-t)'o+ (-l)o'+...+ l:
- a | /Cl
A :\-:!-'
\D\-\ )
39.(98-12-52)i - :i : 1 - 1 + 1 - 1 + . . . + 1 : (l A )
ll6-x'>0'l-4<x<4
47.(99-2-15)xa:3x2 -2x ; xo -3x2 +2x=0;
-- [0<x<n
k=0bo'lsa { bu tenssizliklar x(x3-3x+21:6; Xr:0; x3-x-2x*2=0;
l-4<x<4 x(x-l )(x+1f2(x-1):9, (x-1)(x 2+x-2)=0;
qanoatlatiruvchi
. sistemasini butunsonlar0,1,2,3 xz:l; x2 +x-Z:A; xf-Z; x+:1
ir' !i: (-!tt <x<-t engkattaildiz l, engkichik ildiz-2, ularning
bo'lsa bu tengsizliklar yig'indisi-1 (D) ^
..k:1 {-+s.r<4
'sistemasini
qanoatlatiruvchi butunson-4 J: 5 ta 48. (99-3-12) 4x'-3rx+36:0; kvadrattenglama
- - 2- x + 7 ' x2 -x+I ikkita manfiyildizgaegabo'lishiuohun:
- - -(98-12-s6)-
40. \ -* - - - - ' ln>o
x o+ x , + L ( x 2+ l ) 2 _ x 2 | . 7 3 n
jx, +,rr"< 0 bo'lishikerak *"-t* +9=0;
x 2- x + t I
: (x2 -r+1) l:r,x, > 0
+.r+1)(x2
4r"{e8-12-77)
to 10
= + c o s 5=y * cos5;r
x'+8x+41 ( x + 4 ) 2+ 2 5
ifodaengkattaqiymatgaerishishiuchunx:4 va
bo'lishikerat $ +1=!,4
c.-rs5y:1 3 n< 0 ( n< 0
2 5 : ) J
2
42"(98-12-80)x +y2 +2(2x-3V)+lf- x1,l+t::O; ln' - 6+> o' l.tn - B)(1t
+B)> 0
- ryl=o; ne (-.o;-8) -voki n<-8 (B)
nt +y'-F4x-6y+13+1,
(.n+2j2-4-rtry-:12-l+l:+fz - x{:g hrirdan x=_2; 49.(994-22) {x-,2'12:1 ; x + E
x
. ...?
y:3;,8:xy-*2.3:6; x*y+v-2-y.3-5=-5(CJ ;i{x*2)':J tenglamabunmlldizlargaegabo'trsa u
43.t98-12-81)funksiyagrafiklariOx a"qida 3 ningburunbo'luvchilaribo'ladiya'ni,
kesishsa.f (r) = g(x) = 0 bo'ladi yoki + 1,+2,13. Bular orasidall-3 tenglamani
f -lir-
t , - r ^
J /l = u qanoatlantiradi.1 ta
bundan x=?; k:8 {E)
llagr{l:-;r1 =0 50. {99-4-51}cosi,r2 -t-tri.log,, ?
i3-?x-x J> 1
-r-99899.014.65.6l
qosix2r=8,)-<I;l*gui4{t+x}ti E ! l'a'r,ciia-nki (D)
127d{+3.1'=l
6x+ccsx: (sin2x)3+fcoszx)3:
56.(99-5-2I)""sin
yuqoridagitengsizlikbajadlishiuchun: I
:lsin 2 xJ-cbs2 xi'(sin a x-sin 2 x'eost x*c6s a a):
cr:s{x2+t}=1' logo{3-?x-x'' }=1;r-tr harikki
:sina x-sini N'cos2 x*ggg 4 1:
yagonaI'echim"(D)
tengsizlikniqanoatlantiruvchi
rr 3n 5n f s i n 2x * c o s ' x ) t - 3 s i n ' x . c o s t u*
51. (99-4-52)' cas; 7 7 7 : 1 : , . ' : ":t-3tiut'h
ifoda engkichiletiryalga erishishiuchlq
d
: cosT' - Ar. cos*r-:l?r. ) =
eos@
?' sin2Zx:l bo'lishiksrak.'I-1J=0,25
: c o s 7t ' c o s}i ' c a suf
' , ; I
f 1 : -1 .tni ,tr$
, 7 =wx1
g -, 57.(99-5-2219- log, x:2'' ; 3,tenglamani
qanoatlantiradi,
dernak,x=3 tenglamaning ildizi.
52. 199-4-56Jc*s4'cosxe p9-log, x :9+ log,rr ftmksiyao'zininganiqlanish
3.
\r
o.4.+ shuninguchuncos4manfiyson,sinx+0, sohasida kauray;vchi,y:2' funksiyaesa
L o'suvchi.Bundantenglamayagonaildizgaega
2 ekanligikelib chiqadi.@)
, "ott, >0; l+ctg x doim musbatson,tashlab
l+ctg-x 5-logrx vay=2'-9 funksiyagrafiklarinibitta
yrboramiz,shuninguchuncosx)0 bo'lishikerak. kordinatatekisligidachizsak,ular faqatyagonabir
Ikkinchi tomondancos4<0bo'iganiuchunva joydakesishadi.
ko'chadagiifodamusbatbo'lishiuchuncosx!0, 58. (99-5-26) 4arcsinx+arccosx: zr
demak,yechirnfaqatcosx:Oda o'rinli bo'ladi. 3arcsinx*arcsinx*arccosx= 1r
- E ' r r f t l
J ;x = - + z k !=
3arcsinx* tr'.ar(
)slnx=-;x=i
L ?
l r r ' + 2 n 2- z n k = 2 5 ^ l
- - - ' -{
53. (99-5-10) 3x' :3' ( f) ' =0,75( D)
l2ntn-kz=25 L

59.(99-5-27)5sin2x+8cosx-l3
mt +n2 -2rrlrrZttk+k2:0;
2 )+8(cosx-l):g bundansin2x: I va cosx:l
5(sin2x-.1
m 2-Zmn+nt +n2-znk+k :0;
1m-ni?+(n-k)2=0;bundanm:n, n:k yoki m:n=k bo'lishikerak.sinZx:ldan zx:L +2 n k: *= L * ok
2 4
m,n,keN m2 +2m2-Zm' :25 cosx:l danx=2nk har ikki tenglikniqanoatlanti-
(515]':lo ruvchix ning qiymatlarimavjudernas.x€ A (A\
m, =25:m:5;
n:5;r.:s ', (D)
2.5 6[. (gg-5-29)sinax*cosax:1-0,5sin22x:
g. (99-5-12)5a8-loa4. lb ++5bft: :1-0,5[0;1]:[0,5 ;1] a'sinx.cosx:a.[0,5;0,5]
=5aLl 0a4'b8+5bs+l 0aa.b4+l 0a4.lb4 -20 +20=
:5(aE-2a4.lb u +b8)+10(aa b 4+l0a+ b 1*2a: [0,5 u:FO#fu
;1]:a'[-0,5;0,5]
=j{*a -bo )t+ fi{az bz -^+b,-2,\2r-?0;a:b:l
s= q-oo;-{r,t[too; (D)
bo'lganda(un4o )t engkichik qiymat0 ga,xuddi 61. (99-5-30) ifoda engkattaqiymatgaerishishi
shunday (u' 'b' -u-t'b-t)' hamengkichikqiymat uchuncos2a=l,cos3/ =-l,cos{y =-l bo'lishi
0 ga erishadi.5'0+10'0+20:20(B)
,_ 8cos2a-5cos3B_
riierak.
55. (99-5-20) 7 -2* 7' cosl+ I = 0 7 +?cos4y
,2'
' - r )= -1-3=
: 8 . 1 -sn( n 2 , 6( E S
x 2 ' + z * 7 ' c o s 1 + c o* s" i' 1 " = o 7+2(-r) s
2 2 2
(o^11 \
'#,l:zt+Js -
z
( 7 " - c o s l ) 2 + s i n 2 = 0 i bundan sinS:O va 62.(9e-5-31) sinl x+x'
2 2 [2u )
'' / - \
7 -cos1= 0 : bu yerdaz:2 dc va7' = cosl:
I I r I

rinl $" bo'lganiuchuntenglikning

2 ' 2 '
, rtl
( 2 0 l:t-t
z:2 de bo'lganiuchun.ot f Cng qiymati 1 va -1 o'o* ,o*o* hamshuoraliqda
bo'lishikerak.
Zl4Jt***zt1_t;tl;
bo'ladi.7' musbatson,dernak,.orfhu* I gateng
L

bo'lishi kerak.Bundanx:0 deganxulosachiqadi.

+99899.014.65.61
 2r4 Ji x+x2:t+ ( J16 -x) 2 bu ifodanhgeng katta qiymati x:0 da 1el, demak yagona yechim
x=0. J: I ta
kichikqiymatil. shuning uchunx:./20 ;
( tL' 6S.(99-5-54) l+Jg4 x=cos'x
-^17 -\
rinl Jzo l= rin{ = 1:x:J20-bo'lganda sih 2 2x+cos 2 zx*tga x:cos t 2x, sin2 2x+tga x:0;
[20 ) 2
fsin2x=0 fZsinx.cosr=0
tenglitrringt u, it ti tomoniI gatengva
-3n3Jzo<zr;1ra(B) lry*=0 =+lsinx=0 ;sinx:O;
["o.r*0 lcosx*0
63.(99-5-33)8(x4+y4;-+1x2+f;+t=0 tdnglikning x:nk; - Znk<nk<Znk; - 2{ k( 2b undan
ikkitomonini 2 gako'paytirib .: k:+,-1,0,1,2 5 ta
I 6x4+16y4-8 ^'ls f+i=o ;
6x4-B x2+1+16,y4-8 ri
f+t:o; 69.(99-5-57) fTcosxdx: ri,r24-r=sin'Y
'14x2-l)2+(4y2 -1;2=g yoki 4x2-1:6,
nx -'' -"
Il "r ll =I : 4 v -z1 -*g' .rl /.l,=r l-l l x\ I;s.i n t
3
20; e doim musbatson-tashlab
Z,r Itl
l'l*lyl=
I ri - t 1*1=
2
I (A) : -{3sinz =ot bundansint :O
yuboramiz.
t f
2
1- ^r , ., lN
64.{19 5- +1)j:1;Er{:;2 3:i-r7} L ; U Or, ,lisiit ;r€rdri. i j _..-:/; ^t, ,i=uir;i1iiiig4
J
3v = xz -8x+ 7 ; 3)':(x-lXx-7)' shartga
asosan asosan-10(xS 10; -10<3k< 1'0; bundan,
x-bufunsonbo'lganiuchun (x:l)(x-7) k:-3,1,-1,0,1,7,3= 6ta
ko'paytmaharnbutunsonbo'[adi.Bundanesa
x3 > 0; x>0 bundan x:0,7,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
;10
3 u hambutun sonekanligikelib chiqadiya'ni y>0. 0,3,6,9bir martahisoblaymiz.14ta (E)
U holdax-1:3n; x-7:3'bu tengliklarniayirib,
70.(99-5-55)f (x) = x';rp(x)=2x-l
3n-3 * =6; bu yerdann:2; m:i
3 ) , : 3 n .*3 = 3, * 3 t: 3 t ; f j rp(f(x)) : 2x2- ti f @$)) = (2x - r)2
33=x' -8x+7; xt -8x-2ooo bundan shartgaasosanf Gp@))= p(f (x)
xr =rD;xz- -2 (10;3)(2;3) 2 ta ,*z -1=(2x-l)z ;2x2 -1:4t' 4x+I
6s.(ee-s?\ 2xz 4x+2:0;x2 -2x+l:0; x:l lta (Bl
'
- -l = g 71.(99-5-59)sina'x+cos'a x > 2sin' x.cos' x- "
JT-tg.- ttgr+ {titty f aqf
"ss2z
juft ildiz bo'lganiuchun
bularningbarchasi :Tsin22,r ; sin*l x*cosax:asinx cosxtenglarna
=0 L
fz-tgx-ctgr yechimgaegabo'lishiuchun
jsiny-1=0 bo'lishikerak.
. sinz2x
asinxcosx) --r- tengsizlikdoimo'rinli
lcoslz-1=0 2
-/t <x< ! , -L sv < L:
- asosan
Sharlea sin22x
2 2 ' 2 2 ' bo'lishikerak.a.sinxcosx:asin2;r r
2 2
-tT <z<1 ekanlisid .. L.. r=o -
asin2x sin 2x 2 >-A sin2x(a-sin2x)>0
- * *=L t-
2 2 4 ' ' 2 ' l)agarsin2x> 0 bo'lsa a-sinZx) 0 bo'lishikerali
tt
-
E
lL 4
4
t' yoki a )1
3v _ _t'7_, 2)agar sin2x< 0bo'lsaa-sinZx < 0bolishi
2 x + 5 t -- t ^ _ r r - T - : kerak,yoki a(-tr shudayqilib ae (-*;-t],-r ;*)
66.(99-5-43)A2+82+C2=AB+BC+AC -^ /ft^ , .,^,'lf"' * y3 = {S
I A. l)t-[t-+t,
:2,\B+ 2BC+2AC
2A2+282+ 2C2 -t
A2-2AB+82+B2-aBC+82+Az1 AC+C2=0 l:"yt 3x2y = 17
(A-B)'?+G-C)'z+(A-C)'?=rl'
A:B:C x u -l-3xt y-i3xyt *y3:27
(A+B)/C+(B+C)/A:2AIA+?Al A:242:4 (E) {x+y}'=27 t x+53 ,{A}
'''i=fal-
x"+t:
' '*-t

73"(e9-7-3r'
(.?]
67.(99-5-51) 7
\ s,/
f7"4''l osuvchi ksiyava engkichik qiymati karnawvcieifunksiva.
r' , \'t''
- f r l
x:0 dei=l; rl ; I firnksiyava €ng
kaneayaivchi clemak,-?<,r<-X (D)
\ J J
?d.{99-8-1.3iix+1)iy-?'i:l;
-F9q899.fi
i4.65"6i
 = -l,r-i I :#-r +.fi- Ji +...*J4- *E::-l=: rsj
J , r + - 1 = 1x:0; r-4 S0.(99-10-6i'x:X; x3-px2-qx+4=fi
X)ix+1ttl'-3):i'2
1'-p'l ?-q'1+4:0 bundanp+q:5; -p-q--s.. ,, ,
l a 4
l)'-;=t
t
lJi*L=z
' t
1-pq+4:i-5+4:0 (B)
2) (xr-illy-7)=2'tr ( -,- i .,-f
{ , u- , , = t } x + l , ) :
Ly-?=1 S1.f99-10-8i ': te giihlarrri
i x + X : - Z x:3;y l n - n t= i 4 - i-; J ' + I 2 ) '
31(x- i )iY-71-:2'r-1; { ?
lJ'+l=-tr qo'shibi2r:r-yi2+(4x-y+tr?)t:S ni hositr qilamiz
f ? * + t r = -o
v' o k i { - ' - ' bundan
4) (x+1)(v-2):r"(-Zt f1: ,r ,+- 1 = - 1 x:2;50
r--r 1.4-r-t,+12=0
L"v
x-2;y:4 x)-2'4=8
4 ta (A)
S2.(99-10-tr8)x'z 4x+yz -6y+13:0
75.(99-8-22)2xz J;x*2y,2+8y+$:
:xz -Zx++l+Zyz +8y+8=(x-1)'z +2(y+2)t ifoda (.x-2)'+(y-3)2:0bundan x:2;,y=3 (7;3) .I: 1ta
qiymdtga uchun
erishishi x=1' f-? 83"(99-10-28) (l+cos'2a16.1+tg2 a 1+4stmz u:
engkichik -
I
)+4sina :
^ cir
bo;lishiterik. (r-:;12+27-z)2:o (A) :ii+cos'2o )\t*ffi
't'
[ ,.
76.(ee-s-28)*' * :*' I-usul,
x:2 -
/ . t
lsln-a+cos-41
r \

l;J :fi*cos.Zsll l i 4 s r n -a :
r- -g=g; I cos'a )
il-usul.x' +2x.-l= *f'-l l'-zt'-
, r - l | ' . -r 1 J x-l l + c o s r2 a -i-+Sln -) :=
=_____-_- ,l
*t,:, bo'lsin cos'a
r
[I " * r-i
lI' - +" '- g' : o ; J-l
'cost s
I r- cos22s,+ 4sinzc,u
r -
,"2 .2 cos- {7
( -2t-8:o i tr = 4) tz : -2; :-:4 va-:-:Z 2
+ cos?2a + sin22a : -----;-
I--;-
DUlloGa eng
cos'2s, cos"a
4>-Z javob:4(A1
qiymatgaerishishiuchuncof a:1 bo'lishikerak.
77.(99-94) x2 +(t-2)x+0.25=0;kvadrattenglama
ikkita manfiy ildizgaegabo'lishi uchun 2ll:2
84.(00-1-17)2x2+2xy+2y2+2x-2y+3:xz+Zxy*
fI n > o
+y2+x 2+27+7+y2-2y+1+l:(x+y)' +(x+1)'? +
1x,+ x, < 0 bo'lishikerak +(y-1)2+l ifodaengkichik qiymatgaerishishi
I
lx,x,> o ,rchuo*:y, X-l y:l bo'lishi kerak.Demak,
[ . 0 , 2 5> 0 xy:l (E)
2
- z )< o ; S5.(00-2-7) 4a2+9b2+l6c 4'4'66.-gs+3:g
2'-8c+1:o
4az 4a+l+gbz -6b+l+16c
,-(t (2a-t\2 +(3b- I )2+(4c-I )2:6
l l l 1
l(/-3xr-l)<0
i J: t>3 (E) a:i; b=5;c=;; abc=111-24 \D)_
It>2
114
S6.{00-2-23}maxrajniin:atsionallikdan
, -=--= 1 --F----'T 1 1 :
OuIOaIarr-riZ T T ,"- ----
Jl + J3 J3 + J5 + r/81
"/79
2
hadqo'shib(a-2)'+(b-3) +(c4)2 :0 ni hosil Jr-,6 -r-
f --6
-' '--f.,.
-'Js
_ - _

(Jl+J3)(Jl-.',r3) (J3+ J5X.J3

f

qilamiz.Bundana:2, b:3, r:a,; a*b*c:)*]*Q:9

79. (99-9-22) maxrajniirratsionallikdan
a/79-'.'/81
. 1 1 * 1
qutqaramiz - Jetl
(Jw+.FtltJzq
tr +r* 5;5*." '-q*16:
Jz-r J'_J1 =!.c,rt+rE- Ji * Ji -...- Jlg*Jer)=
tf . Jr(J|-Jr) :#=4(c)
J9-S
t.6*.6it.6-Jet
+99899.014.65.61
 ft
x ( : r + 1 ) ( x + 2 )(D) 0s B < ;.t bo'lsaDstgBsl bo'
92.(00-4-44)
87.(00-3-19)

S8. (00-3-20) p=ut +b2 +c2 , q:ab+bc+ac --sa+

+l. ,
'vokio<la' o*uun
tengliklarni2 ga ko'paytiramiz: 2p:2az 1-252a2s2 I a'-4 |
v a 2q:2 ab+zbc+2aa ni ho sil qilamiz' U I arni tagma-
tagayramiz:2p-2q:2a2+2b2+2c'-2ab-2bc-Zac:
=(a-b) t +O-c) ? +1a-c)' 20; 2p-2q>-0, p> q
(E)
grafikusuldayechamiz'
39.(00-3-37)tenglamani
_2
A

y : l o B z Q + x ) !, = ; tengsizliklarsistemasiniyechib
' L

u. [o;1e]u [2,5;m)ni bpamiz

4n 6n
93. (00-F30) cos - * cos--; * cos;-:
r 7 7
Z t t I t 4 n t r 6 n n
c- o- s-- -7s -l n-- +7 c o s - s l n *cos - slh;
7 7 7 I
sin{
Funksiyagrafiklariikki nuqtada 7
2 ta (A) - S-i.n7
: +7rs i n -
3n 3n 5r .io
*5111 -Slfl _ +SrnE
90.(00-3-57)56sin2x+8cos2x 7 7 7 7
6 8
I 0(' :1 0sin2x + i; cos2x): 2sin!
lu 7
tftl'"rftr'
=ldemak*g="orp,
ft=rme -sin;
. r r
l
1
a
n
-;
L
I
tA)
I 0(cosg sin2x*sing cos2x)=lOsin(2x+tp1 7
ZSIN-

- 1 ( s i n { 2 x +q ) < l ; - 1 0 < 1 O s i n ( Z x + r p110(<A )

94.(00-H2) sin5x-3cos2x:4
ab a+b , sinSx:1; cos2x-l
a+b ab It zftk E
Bundan X:;; * ---- y6 N:-+ !,f,{
AC
-a- += c- '
1 1 0 5 2
el. (00-4-36) - - L
s 't'
fl+c U L L
umumiyyechim:*= I * Zffi (D)
b c n b + c_ 1 L

b+c b c 3
e s (. o o - H 35) s i n l' x l = { " 1 ; :agar,x
' r o ' : '<0
.t-o
i 1 , f-sin.t
a h Funksiyadavriy emas.Chunki grafik minus
nolgachabir xil kelib (0;0)nuqtani
cheksizdan
1 = :I
II + .:- ....
; tengliklarniqo'shib kesibo'tmayapti.
t tt 2'
1
- f - - -
1 1
c l t 3

z{! -r = nthosilqlarniz, e6"(00-s-4s)5x+lxl

L. i, #.
1tro'rsani
uchun 1) x>0bo'lsa5x*x=2x y' =lZxl =Z
:.i.:=#, :.1= 2J x=0 da mavjud emas
,ni = c:tz,xuddi ^va:\ ;" =) ;
shund 3) x<Cfda 5x-x:0 =
"1l' 0
(D)
ft; ||'= *7 x -t17
T2T2 97' {0CI-s-14} 'i- "t rlenslamlalanxl
a b \ i ! 2 ly=yzr-3r-t15
_
^
=:_-L--
't 'l
1d
{n) qo'shib Z.5*t -Fy?+trtlx-F26;
x2 +!Qx+zl+yz -Zy-r !:0; {x-r5)'z+(y-ll'? :t3
x:5;y:l;
bundare .T:1 fa {D)
 i
98. {0{}{-5?i ' eos{ 5- oou'*5 =s6s360-s sTis= agart)0 bo'isa,
' rt+:
. , t Z?
. bcr'ladi;
"

- . , 3 6 o - 7 2 "" . . -;-
:rslnt 35"+72o.
)stnt i= agart<Sba,'lsa
t+I <-Z bo'ladi.
' ..i,i.' :;
2 .. t :i

=sin I 8osin54o=zsin 18o*os36: -2.ilcos 6m2 <?bundan esa

_ 2cosl 8"sin18ocos36o= gi436ocos36o _ log, .x+log."3 :2 va logsx +1og,3=_2degan
cosl 8o cosl 8"
xuiosachiqadi.Bu tenglamalami yechibx=3 va x=
= 0jsin72o _ O5cosl8o_ t iF\ 1
' l
cosl 8" cosl 8" 2 \"'/ Vechimlarnitopamiz.Faqafx=3 tenglamaning
99. (0(re.55) cosx'cos2x'cos4x:1 i
( ir rl u. l{a;l - ; Lu v^ ' l ^r'g{ui t,
1
t
+
t4
^ tr 'DD \,

105.(00-9-30)tenglamaildizlarisoniniftinksiya
yoki lcosxl.jcos2xl.lcosaxl< I grafiklarininchizishorqalitopamiz. ,
/ r-tx
t r l
l==3-"=tTj ;54+x-x2
funksiyagruntturiikki nuqtadakesishadi.J:2 ta
106.(00-9-35) . 5
= *5si!2f-20sy
tg'd+ctg"d )+coss
ifoda engkattaqiymatgaerishishiuchunmaxrajlar
engkichik, suratlaresaengkattabo'lishikerak.
qolganhollardaya'ni ko'paytuvchilardanbiri birga Buninguchuntg2 a + ctgza=2 (chunkiteskari
ikkitasi-1 gatengbo'lsatenglamaning yechimi musbatsonlaryig'indisining engkichik qiymaii-2),
mavjudemas" -Ztr < Zik <2n ; -L < k <!, sin?B=1' cosf = -1 ; cos3t-l bo'iishikerak.
bundank:I,0,1 uchta 5 5.1-l(-l)
-T-=T
f a ' + 3 a b + b 2= 4 4 2 s+(-1) tEf
t00. (00-7-10) ' +{
l a ' + a b + b 2= 2 8
ikkinchi tenglamani2 ga ko'paytirib 107.(00-9-37)-1< cosd{x)
'12 < t shusababli
2a2+2ah+2b2:56 ni hosil qilamiz va undanbirinchi tenglamaninig
o'ng tomonihamyuqoridagioral
tenglamani ayramiz.a2 -ab+62:12 (C) bo'lishi kerak. B+ Jix + x2 :l+(JE + x)z bu
I 01. (00-S-4) 5n3-5n:Jn(n 2- I 1=51(n-l)(n+I );
(n-1)'n'(n+l)uchtaketma-ketkelgansonbo'lgani ifodaning engkichik qiymati *:$2 bo'lganda I
ga teng. Tenglamaning chap tomoning eng kaffa
uchun6 ga bo'linadi. 5n(n- 1)(n+1):5'Sft=3I 14;
102.(0(}-&12) x3+3x2 4x--12=0; x,tx, *xr:b qiymati I gax:^171 bo:lgandaerishnnaydi.Shu
sababli tenglama yechimga ega emas.(A)
Yoki x2 (x+3)-4(x+3):0; (x+3)(x'z-4):0;
108.(00-9-39) 9(xa +ya )-6(xz +yz)+2:0:
(x+3)(x-2)(x+2)=0 bundanx r=_3;x z:2.; xt:Z;
9xa -6x 2 +l+gxn -6y2 +l=(3x t -l)t +(3y2-l)=0
HI *x z*xr:J*f,*(-Z)=i (A)
b u n d a n* ' = J ; y " : 3 i x - * y ' : -
, l " l a a 2
r03. (00-9-11) a(a-b)+b(b-c)+c(c-a):9
a 2-ab+b t -bq*r 2 -ac:0 hosil bo'lgantenglikning
har ikkitomonini2 gako'paytkamiz 109.(00-9+6l a e Q;1) p,y el};rl
zaz -2,ab+zb'4bc+ 2c2 -zac=
:at -2ab+bt+b, -Zbc+c,+a, -2ac*c2= 2 c o s+y3 s i n 2 ft
r,'?,,, ifodaningeng
tg"a + ctg'd
=(a-b) 2+ft-c) 2 +(a-c) t :0, bundana:6; b=c; a:c
kattaqiymatiTva o'ziningengqiymatiga:cos/ =-
yoki a:b=
sinlp =1, tg3a+ctg,q =2 bo?lgandagina ; .
a 3+ b t + c 3
=#=] rol
a ( b +c ) + b ( a +c ) + c ( a + b )
erishadi.Bundan.

104.(00-9-24)1og,x * log" 3=2cos(6racz) y=o ,B =x," =1 ,

x > 0 ; x *1 ; l o g rx:tb o 'l si n , l o g " '3= fUo' Uai.
. 4
I 110. (00-10-20) tenglama lldizlai soninitunksiya
logrx+ log"3=-+t
L grafiklarinincliizishorqali topamiz.

+998-9
.014.-65-61_
 y:llog, xl; y--x+5 tunksiyagrafiklariikki
nuqtadakesishadi.J: 2 ta (D)
1I 1. (00-1{l-49)x(x+a)(x+b)(x+a+b)+4m 2:
:x(x+a+b)(x+a)(x+b)+4m 2:
:(x 2 +ax*bx)'(xt *ax* bxtabl+ 4m' ; ,
la: (-a;-Z)u (0;o)
x 2*a:r+fo1-1; (t+ab;+ 4mz --t2 *t ab+4m2: = I o,=J a:l-2'25i-21(
bundan'
t
* - -t',t*)
:tt-L\z -a'zb''?-+4m2
Bu ifodato'lakvadrat
) ' 4 119.(00-10-75) a, :0; a z=l; ar:&2-a7t-A=1;
aa:a3-a2:L-l=0; a, --1 'a6- li at:Q; as:| aq:i
bo'lishiuchuny6=0bo'lishi kerak. 4m' = tTf
demak,har olti martada (qadamda)takrorlanadi.
885:147'6+3; 3 qoldiq qolgani u-n, 4885= ar = I (A)
bo'lishikerak.bundan. ' 2m:+ 4, ,r=*4 fl
2 ' 4
120. (00-10-s0) (lx,|- t )' +1lx,l-2)'+...
112.(00-10-52) cos24 0-cos84 0-cos 120+sin420:
:(sss240*cos48 0 0*se5l/ 0)= - n)2+...=g
+(1",,1
)-(cos84
o
:2cos36cosl2 o-2cos48 o cos36o: l t , r r = t l ; l x r=l 2 , x r : * 2 . . .l * , 1= * n . . . .
lt,=
:2cos360(cos120-bos48 0): 4cos360sinl Sosin300: '! a.al -. - r r } - ; ) 1- - r - i'l. . . - n . . '
.rzr'i,,Tt,. J:, :ii
- 2sinlSocosl 8"cos36"
::: : . 2sin36ocos36"
-:
c o s l 8 o . , , . r ,: , , , 2 c o s l8 o 121.(01-1-12)arcsinl+Zatccosx=n
=-:-
sin72" l , ^,
2 c o s l 8 o2 '
tnl
arcsinf = tr -2arccor-i,"n*ru,naning
harikki
113.(00-10-53)i6<x<y 1z<t1100 ravshanki tomoninisinuslaymiz :
t 7
: + : engkichikbo'lishiuchun x=l6, t=100
y t ' { ):sin( zr-2arccox);
sin(arcsin " 2I :sin(2arccosx)
2
Y f _ - . - =
: :2x41 - x"
z

-r<I<t
y:z;2.
y<",dernak 2. =o,s 2
#/1= # -l<x<l
:
. t t r - - :
114.(00-10-54){z:{sr{zz/sr,". = x bo'lsin,x* 0
x:4xJl-x'? ; x(4Jr- xz -l = o ; x, - 0
",fi4 = 0; bundan Jis Jtr
(E)
Tekshirish:
5):2:18
115.(00-10-61)m=(9+12+1 l) x:0, a1ssinQ*2arssssQ:Q*n =n i
s=+.@ :
=+,,[&pxo.,.(3) x:0 tenglamaniqaiioatlantiradi.
,l
l) x= -;
JG arcsm-
. JC + 4arccos-
Ji5 < E
:|.9'2'3=72 (E)
. - ; i j : ' - i ' r l '
f tZ. (OO-tO-05)x2-4xarccos1x2-4x+5;<0 {15
-1<xl 4x+5< 1; x ' U*a5:(x41 2 +1 bu ifodaning 3)' *: , u holda
4 . .
engkichikqiynati x:2-bo'lgandaI ga teng,demak2 j 1 s .-
L -,^ --: -r :r --^: -- - - -- : -l ^.- : -L - ^L ^ -: - ^ r- -.: -t.'l :
ar(;sur(- -
JC. 1- -
lellgslzlli{lil lg ailqlilllrslr surlaslBa LEBtsllrr yilEulIa Jtlarc(Jus ) 2 ft
yechim.2 esatengsizlikniqanoatlantitmaydi,
Tengsizlikyechirngaegaemas.(E) x:0 yagonayechim{Al
X
122.(0T-a41) cos'?1x+l1"tg1,l-Zx-x2'tr>
11s.(00-10-68)axt +21a+3;x+a+Z:a; a+fi
x-l (B) (99-4-51rnisolgaqaralsrn,'l
, 2 ( c + 3 ' ) e t + ?-0
gr-;-J-------i+ i23. {0r-2-67}
{ T G
tenglamaildizlari nomanfiybo'lishi uoliun J i J _ t 6 x + ?r l i r \ t y * + l + = 4_Z:t_xz
------;-
./:1"+ 7'12+ 1+./-sqx+ 1)2+ I = 5 -{;r + 1)2
tengiamaning chaptomonio'suvehi.$a engkicltitrt
qi ati 5 ga x:l bo'lgandaenslaadi"

+99899.01 1
4.65.6
Te*glxnaning r-r'ngfcmr,-rniesakairra5nivehir,'a siiafr = l; ccsa : -1;tg2c.t+ ctgttt : 2,tr*'lishi
o'zining eng katta qiyrnaii 5 ga x-l hu'lganda kerak (00-9-35 ga qaralsini
erishadi.Yagona yechim -1 (E) t.l.rl 1
124. (014-l) tenglarna ildizlan -q_aysi oraliqqa - +=:4,751'B')
iegishli Igini funtsi ya -grafik}arini urhrzish i-'r4;rli 5 + c - t r r3
topamizl1=sinxl t=rrr-11-ri,75 - 3li-.r- 1. zul*i9l = ,i
1?e. 21.{
{01-1CI-s?}
,rr
2 l r- 3. - 1
r
+: ' - 1= - : s r nI *lf t \l : - 2 <- s i I/ a- ' l: I < :
t:.r \.2./
Shuninguchun tenglamaningchap tomoni ham
yuquritiagiuraiiqda bo'lishi kerak.
- ?- <_ l -l r| --- "? -l+| ' .- 1
- -< -' )- . ,

tunksiyagrafiklari [0;rr] oraiiqdakesishgan.(A) ,

2) tengsizliklarsistemasiniqanoatlantiruvchi
125. (01-8-3 4) 34x4xz - 24x2+4x+3 yagonasonx=3 rrauni tenglamaga etibqo'ysak
+-(J+Zx)2:7(2x+t)2+2 tenglamaningchap tomoni tenglamaniqanoatlantiradi.
[x<3 (x<3
kamayuvchi va eng katta qiymati 4 ga x:_'| 2){
'L-? i bu
L
< - 2 ( . i - - 1 ) + x - sl 2 1 3 < - r <7
bo'lgandasrishadi.Tenglikningchaptomoniesa tengsizliklarsistemasiniqanoatlantiiuvchi son
o'suvciva engkattaqiymati4 ga*:ibo'lganda mavjudemas.Shunday qilib x:3 yagonayechim(B)
130.(01-12-10)tenglamaildizlarisoninifunksiya
I grafiklarininchizishorqali topamiz
Shuninguchun*:i
erishadi. yagonaildiz (B)
y:2'+0,5;1,=lsinxl
(01-8-ss)
126.
tgot- cos'
2x=.or{.o. *tT
T
l t 2 n 4-- =n-- l
cosfcos:gss- (99-452gzqaralsin)
1 ^ 7
t'g " ; - c o s ' 2 x = - : - ; ; t g "x - c o s ' 2 x = - l
8 8 ' cheksizko'p (E)
a / - \
tgax*l-cosz 2x:0; tg x + sin22x:0 ,l 43xl r
bundantgx:0; sinx:0; cosx* 0. 131.(01-12-22)cosz_' _)s l n _ l _ l=l
- \ - l ), l /
t,qx:Obo'lsax=.trk
sin2x=2sinxcosx:0 bo'lsax= nk (cosx+0) tx J .,( 5 " )= tx rrr
CoS___Sln_l _ | c O S __ + S l n . ._
umimiyyechimak (B) -2 t\ -2 /| 2 2
W. @7-943) tenglamaildizlarisoninifunksiya I
/ - \
I a \
gafiklarininchizishorqalitopamiz
2 {) + st i n l+j l=o,buyerdan
)Fx -6x+8; i-log z (x+1)" " \ , " l)

x=0 (A)
ikki tenglikdax:0 bo'ladi.Yagonaryechim
funksiyagrafrklariikki nuqtadakesishgan. 132.(01-12-44)tenglamaildizlar-isoninifunksiya
2 ta (A) grafiklarininchizishorqalitopamiz
3sina + 2 ---f
12g.(0t-10-rr', * "-a
5 + cosp tg'a + ctg" Y:xz 4
ifoda engkattaqilmatga erishishiuchun
+99899.014.65.61
 ( E\" =1;([t)' . [( {7\'
r [i)'" .[-ioj
lioj \.i u J o) ='
ekanligidanva ulaming -1; t orasidaekanligdan.
f.
s i n d = i ; ' . o . o == Ebo'lsin,u holda2x=2
112
bo'ladiyoki x:1 (A)
-
ll?- 8
funksiya grafiklari to'ftta nuqtada kesishgan' 1ar. (A2-2-62) Z,lt- = - (A)
4 ta (D) vr 2 1 1 l
142.(02--3-2)n56.15a'2048':=
133.(02-1-6)2cosO ='" +2-'n - 5 4' 2 / 2= 1 0 2 2' 3 0
i s r ; 0 . ( .3r 4 . Q 1 1 ) 2 : 5 t t ' 3 0
-Z<zcasft <2; 2' -i2-' 2 2 bundan
ko'rinib 81 ning orqasida22 tanol,Z4 xonalison(A)

143.(02-3-23)2{;6
- , _ t B= ^t i r
= -l'r1 = 0,4(
i ^ - x = t. a
i/;
turibdiki,]'"o'zo tenglama
bo'lgundagina
a,= -3n2+l 8n+ 1:
144.(02--3-27'1
l2'*2-'=2 = -3(n 2 -6n+9)+?8-3(n--.?) z +?8',n=3 (4,)
yeilii;rigaogah"'larii. Shuninguchunx:S yagc;ra
yechim. f s rla=
f l 2'1 o,2s
(
14s. 2lh=
(02-3-s5D E=
rs;4. 2,8 =z*:3 =?
(oz-r-:D 3 146.(02-3-78)cos2x+6sinx:4a2-2;
\lEI
(00-10-53gaqaralsin)(A) l-sin2 x*6sinx:4az-2;sinz x-6sinx:3-4a2;
B s sin2x-2'3'sinx+9-9:34a2 ; (sinx-3)'=124a2 ;
' - - ' - t l 6 4 =2+1= 1,25(A)
135.(02-1-1512^l+ -1 ( sinx ( 1 bo'lganligisababli
I
4 < (sinx - 3)2 < 16 tenglamaningo'ng tomonl
(00-10-53ga qaralsin) :
135.{02-1-22) Tenglamalarumumiy ildizga ega shu oraliqdabo'lishi kerak'4<12- 4a,2<76
l*'+**+8=o -BS -4a2 < 4; 2> a' > -1 bundan
bo'lsa,uildiz
' i slstemanl - J t < o < J zG )
lr'+.tr+m=0
147. (02-444) tengsizlikninganiqlanishsohasini
qanoatlantiradi.Pastdanm ni topibtepaga
fl+x>0 fx>-1
qo'yamiz, oramiz' tengsizli
l'x'+ntx+8=0 fx'=8 lx=2 l - tL- t r; i; t +M 2r s t 1t l r" .- .*r- < - 1
d" i
- x
{ -(A) qanoatlantiruvchi
sistemasini yagonason-l - x=_l
lr',r=-xt - x lm=-x' lru=-b I ta (B)
berilgantengsizlikniqanoatlantiradi"
!37. (02-7-43) x * 0;Y * A i x-Y:xY; -xy-y 2 +5xy(y-1 )-Ky-t ):
L48.(02-H) xy'
I I i :(y-lXxy-y):(y-1 )y(x-r):l "2'47
; Y,y-l ke:
-x - y = r ; -I- - - ,t ; s h u n d a n: -, : =-l (D)
x y y x x y Shu
kelgannaturalsonlar. sababli y-l=l,y-2,
13S.(02-1-5?) tenglamaildizlari soniniflinksiya x-1=47,x:48 (48;2)(A)
grafiklarininchizishorqali topamiz l4g. (02-6-14)x2 _,y2=53; (x-y)(x+y):53
x,yeN, demak,x+y>x-Y
Y:1"'l;Y:xz +x+1 (x-Y)(x+Y)=l'53bundan
f;r-y=l lx=27
{'' I .{2'7;26)lta(B)
l;r+y=53 ly=2o
Zsina-l - + ctgz
tg,'y "'
),
150.(02-63-91.fr-+ ifocia
5 -Zsin P l
'funksiyagrafiktrariekkrnuqtadancesishgan' engkichik qiymatgaerishishiuchunsincx=_1,sin
2 iaiB) fr :tr, tg' Y * ctgz1t= 2 bo'llshikerak"
,1 r 1\ "'i' ,a
f{ ',',
r39.{02-2-1si'
+-:{l
5 - 2'i
dn r = ' ' 2
'r-t-y
1
151.(02-7:21)2' + 2 2 'r 2)' = )' -7--a- 12r
140.({12-l-58}5."+7' = 12' - 1 '

+99899.014.65.61
 2 r , 1 , , 1 -5 "i eiri{.i:r- pi S 5 .<3n ';<;lei
*: ., ,* ;z .. t ' z .'.L
J- )->=
x J , 3sinxl-4cosr:-Zn <fi - iru maxraj doim manfiy .
zi'zt tleganl. 5'"-5< Sni.,,ggiltmir.5''' <5; xt-tr <CI;
'j' -1 <x< tr
i : r'\2 i' ': t: *
= l 2 z- ) , , ,, - : l2 , . r . - - - | ++
162.{03-t-38} tenglamaildizlari soni'nrfun}rsi3'a
I grafiklaririicleisishorqalitopamir"
I t :o,zz) I
il.oda r=5tl b*'igarieia*ng kictrrilcqii'mati 4 ga ]=-; f-x'-;t:t*7
urri$hadi. .t
iAl
t*' +3r ruol-3x+ I 3:
152, i02-8-4) r
=v 20r;0ix+l)+,11'x1-11 +4 6u ifo,jani ix+3) ga bc'lsak
;{ qriidiq qoladi. iAi
u-3xt +x4 -3+2=
153.(02-8-5) x6+xu -3xt *5 = x
= xt(x"-3)+(xu-3.y+5:
=x'(r' - Ji lG' * ",6)+(r' - JJXx'+.F) +s
frrnksiyagrafiklaribitta nuqtadakesishgan.
bu ifodani ix' -JI) gabo'lsakI qoldiqqoladi.(A) I ta (B)
2 z
154.(02-9-8) l6a2 +9b +4C +3:8a+6b+4c; 2 2
163.(03-2-i) ra +a:x +a ; xo -x' -(.az -a1:g
2
i6a2-8a+1+9Lr-6b+1+4c24c+l:0; xz =t; t2 -F(az -a):0 bu kvadrattenglarna bir
2 2:0 bundan
$a-l)'?+13b-1) +(Zc-I) ildizi 0 ga tengbo'lsagina berilgan bikvadrat
I I =I
a:o;tt=i;t ; , ;i,. r=
I I =;1 ) tei tenglamaning 3 ta turli haqiqiyildizlargaega
a
1.iJ bo'ladi.F0 bo'lsax:0 bo'ladi.0 +a:0' +a' ; at
4 3 2 -a:0; a,:0; ar:l
(02-9-16)
155. a+b+c:12; 5
ab+bc+ac:l 164.(03-2-2) m2+n2:1; p'+qt=I; mF*nq=g
I
a' +b' +s :(a*b*c;?-21ab+bc+ac): X)p=0bo'lsag:i I , n:0 bo'ladibundanmn*pq=0
=1yz-Z(-ri)=l7a(D)
f 56.(02-9-l'7\ 2a2-2ab+b2-?a*2=a2 -2ab+bz+ z ) p + o b o ' l s a^,: * " Q b o l a d i[;- ' ] ! | * n t : i ;
p \ p)
+az -2a+i+1=(a-b)'z +(a-l) 2 +l a:b:1 bo'lganda
UlAt=,r'{q'! p ' ) = 4 = r ; n z p=z
ifodaningengkichik qiynati 1 ga teng. (B)
pt
157.(02-r1-22) x3-3x2 -2x+6=0; p' P'

x 2 1x-3;z1x-3)=g' (x-3)(x' -z)=0; n=tp; m:-

n td - - -*-p- -a- t -
+q
(x-3)(x-J2 )=0; xr=3;x r=Ji ; p p
)(x+..E
xr-fi, Ji't- Jz ): -o (e)
x r'x z'xt=3' mn*pq:t p l+ q)+pq:0 har ikki holdaham
3-x-6x-6:0 ifodaningqiymati0 ga teng.(B)
15S.(02-1I -24\ x3-7x-6=0; x 165.(03-2159)tenglarna ildizlarisoninifunksiya
xix'?-t1-6(x+1):0; x(x-l)(x+l)-6(x+1)=6' grafiklarininchizishorqalitopamiz
l'r;--I ) i :,1 -, -- (.":{1.;
{x+i )i:r 3){:;-l-3
1-3 5sinx; 5.iogr.rr
xr:lixz:3)xt:2
'J;ii =1fT.l.r+r='JoG) ' I
r'nl*[2ql*[zol"[:ql=
1s9.{02-12-ZZ) I t24)
it I Lzz-l Lz3
10+5+2+1=18. Bunda2 ningdarajasi20 dankatta
bo'lmasligikerak.(B)
=lx' + 2x+ 5l+lx-:i I ta (B)
ix' + 3x+ 2l
160.(03-1-23) funksiyagrafiklaribittanuqjadakesishgan.
-31; 166.(03-5-9)m,n,keN m''k:2''5; m=2,k:5;
i{r'* z*+2)+(x+3)i=l"' * 2x+ sl+lr' m ' n 2= 1 8 ; 2 r n 2= 1 8 , n = 3( A )
bu tenglikbajarilishiuchun.x- 3 > 0; x > 3 rc7. $3-12-56) x' 7 +l>7' +x
*
bo'lishikerak. 7 " (x' -l)-(x-l )>0;7' (x-1)(x+1)-(x-l)>0
5" -5 (x-1)(x'7' +7" -l)>0 x1:r11 Xz=0
151.(03-1-36) >0
3 s i n x+ 4 c s s x - Z x
(Jsinx+ 1"ort) = xe (-.o;o)u(l;*) P;
3sinx*4cosx=s
=5(cos p)
(rcosx):5sin(x+
p sinx+sin
-+99899.014;65.61
 16E.(v4-114-26)
n:5, aksholda ,6 soni 180.(v122-128=F)99.5-43 ga qarang"
yo'dolmaydi,25--30m* 1I ,srfi=-A,m=2-5-2=J' (D) 181.(v122-130-19) 00-4-36 ga qarang.
182.(vl2z-139-12) tagma-tagqo'shamiz:
**):ifi;
16e.(v6-5-28) x=3;+=+, Q:(4x+y)"+(4x-y-32)' ikkita sonningkvadratlari
Y*, ll;
,, qo'shilib 0 bo'lishi uchun ularning har biri 0 ga teng
Ltt 1 7
y*;= y +. :L' =| 4 V ; l = 4 ; z = 4 1 i : 4( A ) bo,rishikk. y-x:-20 (A)
$::rr::r;o y,.ffe
1?0.(v6-1r-2E) v6-5-28ga qarang. 183.(v122-143-tn; Faqatgina x=A A.S.niqanoatlan-
?q
r7r.(v6-r6-27) .;* cos5Y= #+ +[-1;l]= tiladi va bu to'g'ri yechim. (CL
ofi;25 Ltr;@)
184.(v122-144-13) lx-I0[+(x-2!)':0, ushbutenglik
= ( 0 ; l 4 l + [ - 1 ; l ] = ( - l ; 1 4 l J :2 , 4 ( C ) x:10 va x:2y bo'lgandagina o'rinlidir.Bundan,
r72.(v7-rr2-24(x+6)'x'(x+4)'(x+2): 55' x-Y= 5 (D)
:(*s)(*t+6x+8), a(a-tl):atz18a:(a+4)z-l 6 185.(v122-145-3) f-yalarningQ.S.larigaqaraymiz,
a' J: -16 (Cl ;
[-l ]:1 [ 2 ;.o).bundan ko'rinyaptikiularteng
173.(ve-3-33) (x-121)z+$-f)2:0, ushbutenglik qiymatlarqabulqila _olrnaydi. Q (C)
x= I 2 I v a x='/ bo'lgandaginao'rinlidir. Bundan 186.(v12c.155-30) 7x'-3x'-3x-1:0, Xr:1,
.y=tlli x+y: 132yoki 110 (D) 7x3-3x2:3x-lni x-l gabo'lsak,7x2+4x+lbo'ladi
1?4,vtr1-trc!?-,,r|,** f') * (* * 1) - |,r- ]-J = e+ 4 = r3 va bu kvadrattenglamaninghaqiqiyildizi yo'q.
\ a) \ d/ \ t') J: x=l (C)
,J zt'+x+l * J3rz l 187. (v12c-15G1e) xy(y-l)-y(y-1F106
t7s.(v1l-1494) y = nrl@ (v-lXxy-y) : y(y-lXx-1)=106 ls3;2) (B)
Ef + ytt )
vlE8.(v12c-160-19) 3x*4x' :(x*-2)' tenglikning
Qavsichimusbat teskarisonlar- Q.S,I2;*) chaptomonigamanfiy sonqo'ysakmanfiy son
y = r E' 1 2 ; *) =[2 Jt;" o ).(C ) chiqadi,lekin o'ng tomonigamanfiy sonqo'ysak
176.(vi 1-149-12)5**5-' :5 / a grafiklarini chizamiz: musbatjavob chiqadi.Shuninguchunbu tenglarng
manfiy ildizgaegaemas. 0 (D)
5/a to'g'ri chizig'i y:2 nuqtadan 189.(v13-115-2) sinx:[x] grafiklarinichizamiz:
I
o'tsaginaI ta yechimbo'ladi
buninguchuns:2,5 bo'lishik.k Chizmadanko'rin-
(D) yaptiki grafiklar2 ta
nuqtadakesishyapti.
bularx=0 va x= z /2
(B)

f
177.(vl2z-ttL-r4) 10x3-3x2-2x+1=0 l a , 3 a 5
i-;--t=7,
b=T '=*
Agar misol sharti{atenglamaning bapghaildizlari 190.(v13-126-36)].0 n (D)
= c , t - Tz= c
yigtindisinitopingdesa,Viyetdanfoydalanap edik lt-;
va javob 3I lA=0,3bo'lardi. fekin hgALiAl!ildizlari .' 190.(v13-143-17)x3-3x2+ax+2:0, y-ct; y; y'+d
yig'indisi so'ralyapti. 8x'+2x'-4x" + x"--2x+l:0, Viyet teoremasigako'ra (y-d)+y+(y*d) :3, 15l,
+* Gx-t) + x2(2x+1)-(2x- | )=6, (y-d)'(y)'(y+d)-2, L-dz- 2, d=+J3 demak,
(2x-1)(4x2-l)+x2(2x+I i:9,
(2x+l|l(2x-l)(2x-l )+x'1=9, xr:_0,5 ildizlari: t-,13;\ 1+16 x1;s2*x1x3*12;3:4 ri ;
5x'-4x*l=0, D<0, haqiqiy ildizgaegaemas. ekanligidan, l-16+l-3+1*rE =n, o=0 (C)
J: x: -0,5 (B) 19r.(vi3-I43:34) ko'phadning b6rchakoeffitsiyent-
r78.(tr2z-lr4-9)qavslarniochibchiqib,soddalash- lari yig'indisi P(i) ga teng. ShundanFi1)=1 fB)
a:--^^l-. ^ | ^ .1.4 -L L^ L^-:l L^tl^l: f' I I A\
iirstll!.; a'l I azt a3 ! ... ,.92001
,
r+U$tr lJ\, l4ur. r' I f ,, 192.(v13-146-9) qavsiarni ochi'b chiqamiz.
r79.(tr2z-r2r-2612,fi ' 2i,"i1;"x+ I | +lx-l I xau+xbc+xac-ft -f,Lblc;,,b2';a'r-aclabc-ab_c-abc:0
Zrffd 1 x+ t | + | r - i I grafiklarini chizamiz: x(ab+bc+ac)-ab(a+b+c)-bc(b+c+a)-ac(a+c+b)=0,
x(ab+bc+ac):(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac), x: a+b+c, {F) :
193.(v13-151-? ) Birhadva kc'phadmar,zusiga qatang.
Grafiklarx=0,5 va x: -0,5
194.(v13-!55-4) a=fu:s bg'lgAnda 1,5 {A) qi
" nuqtaiardakdsishadi.
5 , : - :6 " : 6
;,1. xl. Xz=-0,25 (,{} 1 9 5 . { v 1 3 - 1 5 6*-=9;1, y = i , ==;, 7+y*z=36,

+99899"i}14.65.61
 196.e{vl3:156.32}
iaqamiaryigiindisi I +3t-j+4,-t-a+i},
l0+a+b:tr8bo'ia oladinbundana*fo:8. Oxirgi 212.(vts-ta3-4)1+{xJ.:sin(3x)e.S.gaqara;,mriz: .
uchtaraqanri8 gabo'linisirikerak,4A8,426,444, I +[0;I ]:[-l ;1j, [1;2):[-1, 11 ikkataromonfaqattr
462,48A,bundan408 va 480. la-bl:10-SJ:6(B) gaiengbo'laoladi.sin3x:l, x=rl6+Zryl{,,,irnmo
197.(vl3-159-111
Murakkabfunksiyalarmavzusiclagi y= vlSdeo'ngtomonI gatengbo'lmaydi. c} {D}
5-misolgaqarang.(B)
{a+b+e+el+5=a+i
198.{v13-r59-18}x:2, v:5. z:6.
' ' ' ,Xo15;"
3=6-
= g: t a + b t - c ++
dS=b+2
-' v, A l0 + l2 +3A Sz
2 1 3 i.v l S - t } J - Z I ) - \ ' a + b + c +
d+5=c+3
199.(v13-163-26)oddiykasr{armavzusi,zanjirli lat-b+c+d+S=d+4
kasrlarrejasigaqarang.u:I, w:2, x:3, y:5, z:4 (.8) 4(a+b+c+d)*20:a*bl-c+d+1
0, a*b*c*g=-tii/3 {C)
200.{v13-167-t1
5[0;1) trigonometrikfunksiyalar
mavzusigaqarang. (D)
201.(v13-169-13)
y=0 bo'lishi uchunikkalaifoda
hamnolgatengbo'lishi kerak. 1og2(x2-2x-7;:6,
x"-2x-'I=1. x1:4, x2-2. -Zsonini ildiz ichiga tomonmanfiy:A.S.gategishlibarchasonlar
qo'ysaknol chiqmaydi" J: 4 @) tengsizlikniqanoarlantimdi. (ts)
202.(vl3-169-20)
Birhadva ko'phadmavzusiga qarang. 215"{vI5-124-
i 0) teskaritrigonometrikfrinksiyaiar
' x -t2> =
0' ;s (-co;-31u[4;cn) mavr,usi oxirigaqarang.(B)
203.(v13-170-14)
A.s.{xl -5x
,."r2 + 4 < Q :r = I ;
[ ] 216.{v16-101-27) J rr-rz =2h lx-ll A.S. x:I};Zl,
demakx faqat 4 sonini qabul qila oladi. ;u:4 da
x +1, 0 va 2 sonlarniqanoatlantiradi. J: ita 1F1
Jo*Jo *tgf =y l:1, to'g'ri. J:4(A) 217.(vt6-t02,1)grafiklarjni chizsak,ular bir nuqtada,
204.(vl3-171-4)bo'linish nazariyasi(davomi)mar'zusi ya'ni x=3 nuqtadakesishadi. J: 3 (C)
oxiriga qarang.(D) 218.(v16-102-tr) Q.S.ga qaralmiz: [1;*):[-i;1],
ikkalatomonfaqatlga tengbo'la oladi,x=3 da.(C)
205.(vl3-171-r7) 219.(vl6-102-2s) cos(x+l)':(x+1)'*1, Q^S.ga
206.(r'14-103-22)l00a+10b+c+100c+lOb+a=1453 qaraymiz:[-l ; 1]: 1I ;m),ikkala tomon faqatI ga
101(a+c)+20F1453, a*c l4ga tengbo'lsa, tengbo'la oladi,x:l da.(D)
L4l4+20b:1453,20b:39,b - naturalemas.Agar 220.(v1G104-zri(ryJi)(x+y)=36(ry/fi,x+536 (B)
a+cl3gatengbo'lsa,1313+20b:1 453,20b:140, 22r.(vl6-108-20) 1+{x1=g6t13x) Q.S.gaqaraymiz:
b=7 vab-natural. 13'741 (C) l+[0;1):[-l;1], [1;2):[-l;l] ikkaiatomonfaqat1
207.(vr4-109-zz)lsinx[:x' grafiklaini chizarniz:

Chizmadanko'rin-
yaptiki grafiklar3 ta
nuqtadakesishadi. (C) gatengbo'la oladi,x=I,5 da.(B)
223.(vr6-rt4-e) Q.S.ga qaraymiz:2+l-l ; 1l:[ I ;3]

208.(v14-1I 1-lE) I +2f(x-l ):2f(x), f(0):0, f(2014):? ikkalatomonfaqat1 ga tengbo'.la

*t=(o;tl,
l+2f(l-11=lf(l), l+2.0=2f(1), f(l):0,5 oladi, O'ng tomon x = 1l da lga teng, ammo chap
l+2f(Tl)=/f(2), l+2. A,5:2f(2), t(2): I
tomon x = +l da lga teng emas. N (A)
l+2f(3-1):2f(3), r+2' r=2f(3), f(3):1,5
224.(vl7-$2-13) a*3 soni 4 va 5 ga kan:ali son.
f(2014)=a1+(n--l)d: 0,5+20I 3'0,5:1007 (A)
209.(v15-108-14) Sa-b=l Ib, 5a:12b, a:l2, b:5. (A) a+3:EKtIB(4;5):20, a:17 (D)
210.(vl5-11&1) qiymatlar sohalariga qaruymiz: 225.ft17-ll6-4) Birhad va ko'phad mavzusiga
'(2)=
qarang. f(x):x2 , f 2x:4 (D)
@-Jzs(al =[-l;l] fl ;m)=[-l;l] ikkalatomoni 226.(vr7-t?4-16)(99-8-13) ga qarang:(y+x)(y-2x): I 3
ham faqat lga teng bo'lishi m-n, r = Jn da.lta (D) 1-va2- qavsichi quyidagi sonlarjuftligiga teng
2l\. (vr5-r22-\ x-l+2lx-31: -2smtul 2 grafiklarini bo'la oladi.(1;13)(-l;-13) (13;l)(-13;-l) J: 4 ta (A)
' lrS3 da x-!-Lu+6=-.v+5 227.{v77-r26-18)a=b+3, bundab ko'pi bilan -4 ga
cnrzamrz:lx>3 tti x-l+2.x-6=3x-j
A \
teng.b+3+b- c: 13,2b::c:1 0, -8-c= 10, _c-1 8 (C)
Grafiklarx:3 nuqtada 228,(vl7-127-9)x:n, y:n+l ,z:L*2
kesishyapti.
J: I te + y- y x + z y + z ? n + 7 2 n + 2. 2 n + 3
-I T- - l- = ffi' ,- ;+l- - 7=
(B)
_?n+4-3,)+,t+3 ' - f r + + - i : b ui f o d n
a= ld a
n+2 n
butunsonbo'ladi.
x:I,y=},2:3 J: 6 (B)

+99899.01
F.CI"ROQOV 4.65;61 r50
231,(v1847il f+"4 = l/'rv grafiklanni chizamiz:

Chizmadanko'rin-
, yaptiki grafiklar I ta / -\
* =[-*,-#ll yechimi,
bo'ladi.Bu tengsizlikning
i,, nuqtadakesishadi. (A) ' | z
\ /I
endi buni A.S. b-n kesishtiramiz' l- | x p O *:1-t;11

232.(vr8-476i = r' - - klarini chizamiz:

# *,' { nafi

Chizmadanko'rin- 239.(v184831 lxlcosx:x, modulgashartberamiz.

yaptiki grafikiar2 ta
I l"to =x x r= 0 ,r r = 2 n t , n 2 o
| .lxcosx
nuqtadakesishadi.(B) I l r < O
' n< o
13=o'x4= v174
Itjilr r = x
233.(vl8-477)ln(x3+I)= 1-x2 grafiklarini chizamiz: i'. o; 2^; n-?tar; neN (A)
xa dagin ning olmiga 0 dankichik sonlamiqo'ysak:
Chizmadanko'rin- , -n,-3tt,- 5a...hosilbo'ladi.
yaptiki grafrklarZtz
Javobdagir-tuu daginning o'rniganatural
nuqtadakesishadi.(A) sonlarniqo'ysakham tt,-3n, -54...hosilbo'ladi.
gafiklarini chizarriz'. 240.(v18-484)(12z-143-14)gaqarang'
234.(vL8-47E) sinx:104x :
241.(vl8-4851Q.S.gaqaraYmiz:
Chizmadanko'rin- logv:(3+[o; t ] ):ll ;*) -2, logrn[3;4J:[ - I ;*),
yaptiki grafiklar I ta lo9164=-V [-1,2;-11=1-t;.o)ikkalatomonfaqat
-1 ga tengbo'la oladi,2l*l1- l, x:0' (D)
nuqtadakesishadi.(B)
242.(v18-486)@-L)'=sinx-l Q.S.gaqaraymiz:
235.(vtS.419l'l gx=casx grafiklarinichizariz:
I = [-2; 0] ikkala tomonfaqat0 ga tengbo'la
[ 0;oo)
3 tajoyda oladi,x:n/2 da. cosal2:O @)
kesishadi. 243.(v18-48DQ.S.gaqatarymiz: [2;o)=l-2;2]
(c) ikkalatomon faqat?ga tengbo'la oladi, x=0 da'

grafikl ar:ini chizamiz:

Chizmadanko' rinadiki,
grafiklar 1 ta nuqtada
kesishadi. (B) Grafiklar
bir-birigajuda yaqin
o'tadi,ammoboshqa
kesishmaydi.
2n,tvtt-lg4 I I1a+20b+l0lc:474, a>b>c,ushbu
237.{v18-481)ta$na-tagqo'shamiz,shunda: tenglika:3,b=2,c=l da o'rinli. J: 6 (C)
(x+y+s;2:4bo'ladi, 3'4:12 iA) 248.(v18-493)1I ll(a+b+c)=9999,a*b*c:9, ushbu-
238.qvlE-482)r<-,FJIT ni qanoatlantiruvchiengkatta3 xanali son8i0 (Di
249.(v18-494j 3a-r\b=1741, 3b-bu juft son,3a-
Chaptornonrnusbatyoki manfiyligini atriqmasligi
bujuft sonham,toq sonhambo'lishirnumkin'
uchunchaptomoniga(x ga)shadheribyechamiz:
Yig'indi toq sonbo'lishiuchun3a toqbo'lishi
kerak,buninguchunr: nin! o'rniga toq sonlarni
qo'yishkerak. (D)
250.{r'18-495}tagma-tag ayiramiz:
+99899.014.s5.61
 ib-ai, {a*i:)na+i:r-}}:$" a*b='r-i, Jr I t {C,}
1a.-li){a+b}=3
251. ffi 5++ =#= -p'ffff- =
1v18-4e8)
= r-#k bu ifodabutur:sonbo'lishiuchunmaxraj
1,,-r4:+i +1+< +tn hs'ligfui
kerak"ShuI fa tL..nSlanxa
n-2, -1, -S
il, da bufunildizga ega, i: -8 (Bi
251"iv18-a9Flc va & riaturalcleganiuehi.mushbu
.[zo-z:t Jtu-2=-t [ta-z=ts [la-z=-ts
l e + t Z = t : | & + t r 2 = - 1 l3& r - i 2 = ! ' l & + 1 2 = - 1
tengliklardan1-siyechimbo'ladi. a:1, b:I J:2 {A)
?53.(vI8-500) tA]
hn+n 2tn+n+2n-n
2nt + n ,, i'- J'
'-,.
"= Eli' - 2*-,t - 4rtt -_ 2nt
?tn-n ' 2 n + n . .- . . 2n+n-2nt+n 2n n
2nt- n "t J' 2tr-,,
l { { t ' )
254. 0i+6!+6
rvls-501t. +...+6f,, ushbuning
U
iiasrqismlariyig'indisir ga teng.4 dan33 gacha30
ta sonbor.(30'6:180) Demak,180+x(D)
255.(v18-50{a:6, b:8, c:11, d:13, e:1,5 iD)
256.(v18,505i
ikkalaildizlarichi nolgateng
bo'lgandagina
ushbutengliko'dnli.
Iti::]' : ii
Bundax=3,52 J: 6 (D)
257.iv19-103-16)2'> J; grafikiarini chizamiz

Chizmadanko'rinyaptiki,
x I 0da2' ning qiymatlari
ning qiymatlaridan
"F
yuqoridayotibdi.@)

?58.qv19-1M-22)
3x<4-x grafrklarinichizamiz:

Chizmadanko'rinyaptiki,
x < t da 4-x ning qilrnatlari
3'' ning qiymatlaridan
yuqoridayotibdi.1n1
r{g /.'! O-t40.ri\ lrn'f :-;el. *o-a1.ilx6i 1.J+.r.:,ni\ r.atr=trni

oxiriga qarang.(A)
26$.(v l9-ll 4-13) xi = sin3x grafiklarini chizamiz:

J: 3 ta (C)

+99899.0
14.65.61
 F. O'roqov

,lli

i I

c Maxsusyo'l bilan yechiladiganmisollar (yechimibilan)'

va "masalalar,
to'plami (yechimi bilan).
[qtidorli bolalaruchun misol

Turk litsey kitobidan misullat (yechimibilan)'

,'YOSH RgPETITOR"dan
kerakti milvzttlar ba-voni

202A--yiL
 GEOMETRTYA"
Asesiytr.lshuhchalcr.

L Qeome'td1a qism.fari.
]. Qa'zi. 6irgean.tt,.i
k,tusfrwtch*{ar'"
1
L)cfrtanuqtaningfzarc jaliashupi.
a EwchaFf,ar.
'l-tcfiOurcEaQ,fur.
Sarafi?{vaperyen&fuityar
ta'g'ri cliiziqfar.

.ffip]'l':riliir '$.;.,:r

l" Geometriya ikki qismdaniborat: a) Planirnetr-iya - ikki o'lehovlijisrnlarni,ya'ni tekistikdagifiguralamio'rganadi.

-
b) Stereometriyaucho'lchovlibo'lib, fazodagijismlami o'rganadi,
2. To'g'r'ichiziqlarkichik iotin harflaribilanbelgilanadi./'t: )---
Nuqtalarbittakattaharfbilan,tekislikiaryunonhar'flaribilanbelgilanadi.a- alfq F -betta, \- Eanxnxq A -$,a216O rp-fyu,p-nryu...
To'g'ri chiziqdabitta nuqtaolsaku iktriitanurga(yarim to"g'ri chiziqlarga)ajraladi.Demak,numing boshiboru oxiri yo,q. U ikkita
boshharf bilan belgilanadi. M p A [OA) - nur
To'g'ri chiziqdagiikkita nuqtaorasidagiqisrngakesmadeyiladi.Kesmaikkita boshharf bilan belgilanadi. ''AB
L-j k".*u
3. Tekislikdauchtanuqtao'zaroquyidagicha joylashadi.a) Uchtanuqtabir to'g'ri chiziqdayotsahosilbo'lganikkirakichkina
kesmalar yig'indisikattakesmaga tengbo'ladi. A B C lABl+lBCi=lACl
b) Uehtanuqtabir to'g'ri chiziqdayotrtasa,uchburchaksimon joylashadi.Bundauningixtiyoriybir romoniqolganikki irlironi
yig'indisidankichik.ayirmasidan esakattabo'ladi. A AB_BC<AC<AB+BC
BC-CA<Ats<BC+CA
f'1:Uzunligi7,15va 24 sm bo'lgankesmalardan yasalgan AB-./rC<BC<AB+AC
uchburchaleingperimetrinitoping. J: Bu kesmalardan
uchburchakyasabbo'lmaydi. Sababi7+15<24.
(: a parametrning qandayqiyrnatlarida uzunliklarimosravishdal*a, l-ava 1,5bo'lgankesmalardan uchburchak yasashmumkrn.
(
I zf,t:1, f;Ji; L":(-+,+)
f -

ll+a+l-4>t) { z>ts
ll+a+15>l-a
11-a+|J>I+a
4. Boshibir nuqtadabo'lgan ikkita nut orasidagisohagaburchak deyiladi.Undaginuilar burchakning
tomonlari,boshlang'ich nuqtasiesaburchakninguchi deyiladi.Burchaming ikki xil o'lchov birligi bor:
a) gradus-lo; 250:7200;... b') r a d i a n - I r a d = g E57ol7'4So
3_14
l80o:a = 3,14 debqabutqilingan.
10 , .n
lr..i.iiirii =
, yuf.r '':uu iri sshuiru l"=#, yiiki l'=r10'' i { 1 : 2 2 r t v ' = 2 2 , 5 a 1 2 0 i 0 ' =t Z ^ = i z l a
60
Burchakningturlar'i:
a) o'tkirburchak- 00va 900 orasidagiburchaklar b) to'g'ri burchak - 900ga teng. rr = 900
c) o'tmasburchak- a = ( 9 0 0 ; 1 8 0 0 ) d)yoyiqburchak- a=18fl
a'l -..a c) d) t8oo

Burchaklar quyidagicha belgiianadi:( I -lasm).

a) 3 ta boshharfbilan- o'rtadagiharfburchakninguchinibildiradi yoki ICAB=3oo
b) bittaboshharfbilan- ZA:3@
c) lunon harfibilan- F =300

d) tomonlariikkita kattayoki bitta kichik half bilan - AC=5sm yoki b=5sm.

M: AOC=480,I COO=zlohamdaOC nur OA va OD nurlar orasidano'tsa, /AOD=?

h I AoD:480+270=7s0.
5"Uchburchak ko'ra 3 xil bo'ladi:
burchaklariga
a) o'tkir burchakii- barchaburchaklari900dankichik bo'ladi
b) to'g'ri burchakli- bittabwchagi90cgateng,qolganlario'tkir bo'ladi.
c) o'tmasburchakli- bitta burchagi900dankattq"qolganlario'tkir bo'ladi.
'.'" i,.i .i, ,1.:Uchburchakning
barchaichki burchaklariyig'indisi 1800ga
teng.

+99899.014.65.51
 a+B+A-1800

6. Ikkita to'g'ri chiziq bir tekislikda yotsa va kesishmasaular parallei bo'ladi (2-rasm).

uiar perpendikulyarbo'ladi(3-rasm).
Ikkitato'g'ri chiziq900ostidakesishsa
1-burchak v-yoki
Z (ab;:gPo6o'1tu, L -perpendikriyar ll - Patallel
aI b bo'ladi. 1- shunday, mavjud y'- mavjud emas
<+- tengkuchli ^,^- kesishmaYdi
V-ixtiyoriy,harqanday n - va

I S U R A K T A R -
1. $t'sfrni \urcfia{far.
2.'rlertl|gf 6urc6aFtkr.
3, "Uchtato'gii crtiziqning paratfeftigi,
paraffeffi{s frarti.
4. I fr,fitato'g' ri cfriziqning
5.'U cfi1urcfra{\urcfia{faining 4ossafai.
6. fafes teoremasi.

qo'shniburchaklarhosilbo'ladi
1 ta yarimto'g'richiziqchiqarsak,
uchidan
1.Yoyiqburchak d + P =1800
j{:
i;.:ii.,: , .:. .,rlQo'shniburchaklar
yig'indisi 1800ga teng. Qo'shniburchaklardanbiri 2-siningZOYoigatengbo'lsa,ularnitoping.
Yechish: x+0.2x=1800 I "2x:1800 x=1500 I 80-150=300 J : l 5 0 ov a 3 0 0

2. Ikkita lolg'ri chiziq kesishishidan4 ta burchak hosil bo'ladi. Bulardan qo'shni bo'lmagan har ikkitasi vertikal burchaklat
deyiladi.
,--- /.lbrlan /.3 i.:.)ri,t riir,i ,ii; Vertikal burchaklar:teng bo'ladi.
\ \t:9--
/ 2bilu't4 -{.)(q'
'/ _!K,
4 \- ' \
o'zarovertikalburchaklardir. 1500
i l ; V e r t i k a l b u i ' c h a k l a r n i n g y i g ' i n d i s i 4 8 0 b o ' l s a , b a r c h a b u r c h a k l a m i t o p i n g . 2o
' a==z4a8o0 1800-240=1560

3" Ikkita to'g'ri chiziqninghar biri 3-to'g'ri chiziqqaparailelbo'lsa,bu uchtato'g'ri chiziqbir-birigapalaileldir.

t / f
^/,- / ^ / allc va b//c bo'lsaallbllc bo'ladi.

4" Ikkitaparallelto'g'ri chiziqni3-to'g'ri chiziqkesganda I ta Lrurchak hosilbo'ladi.

z - 4 y a i 5 , h a m d az - 3 v a / - 6 l a r i c h k i b i r t o m o n l ib u r c h a k i a r b o ' l i b , u l a r y i g ' i n1d8i0s0i g a , e n g .
/ trva - 8, hamdal2va / 7 lar tashqibir tomonli bulchakiarbo'lib,ular yig'indisi 1800ga teng.
/ 3 va 15, hamda," 4 va 16 lar ichki alrnashinuvchiburcha(arbo'lib, ular o'zarotengdir
'1va
-7,hamda'2yazStartashqialmashinuvch b iu r c h a k a r b o ' l i b , u l a r o ' z a r o t e n g d i r
't x va il- 5',/ 2 ta / 6; l 3 va l 7', l 4 va ./ S lar rnosburchakarbo'lib, ulal o'zalotengdir,

dt'l;Rasmdanfovdalanibx,y va s ni tcping. Ju'l: foydalanib* va p ni toping.

Rasmdan
rchki almashinuvchlburcliakar teng y'?=180-40:1400 2= .: 8
"
btr'lgani rlchtm ;,-250, .r:1 gi.r--165=
150 bo'lganiuchun s :140-90=5Qo
180-i25+n5):1400 ,;v:194-146=49o

t'arc{iaichki burchakiall7ig'lnclisii 800ga teng. r: -f r-l-l-.1

5. r. i-lchbcrrcliakr"rirrg = 131.,0 1Rfr-1l
IX.lUchburchakning bittadanolirgan tashqiburchaklariyig"indisi3600gateog.
n800-a + tr800- d + 1800-..4: 5400-(e + 11+,:i.)=J{ff0-1gpo= 3660
ntrl.{-Iqtut'urahskning yig'indisiga
bittatashqiburchagic'zigaqo'shnibo'lmaganikkitaichki bruchaklar
t 80- sy i'
tengd.lr p = ga:. I
t 6r_-'10- l8l.r0:,: -i ;1.+,i?

+998'-4t)
DX4.('5.6tr
f\:.iJeh'our.cIrakiriirg!0rJ0!irasi1{,i'bu'i.;1ragiga,4+,'eh.ntLlo'lrnagair!*!rkiLrurc}rak[arir,ir,gIlisbafi7:3,
kir:irigini toping. i{-}fi0:7x-F3x, x=l00, -1x:300, J; 300

6, Fales teoyemesi: Burehaktsinonini kesadiganparalielto'g'ri chiziqlarrining hir iioinonidan

shukesmalarga
qandaykesmalafajrittsa"Z-tonrlonidan proporsionalkesrtalarajraria,Ci"
l&(f,s

sinfl 8O-,2) : sin rz, cosi 180- a) = -coss, tg(80-ei =-+gd, ctg(l&B'rt.1 = -t:tgs

= sinl50o,
r{: sin3Oo cos3Oo= -cosl50o, tg45o= -tgl350, ctg60o= -ctg I 200.
r''1:{Jchbulchakning
ixtiyoiiv ikkita burchagiyig'indisiningkosinusil/3 ga tengbo'lsa, 3-burcha-kning
kosinusinitoping.

Y c c i r i : : i :J: v a I 8 0 0 - l l 1 o ' s h n i b r - u ' c h a k i a r h o ' l i b , - c o s , t : c o s ( l 8 0 c0o- ,s1(.a) *. p ) = +, d + P + - . t : i 8 0 0 , u + F = 1 8 0 0 - , ) , ,

cos(a+f)=cos(1800-,1
Kosinusiaymiz: ), {:-cos,1 , J: cos/:-{

il: Soatning
minutmili 25 minutdanechagradusga
buriladi. 360uni hosilqiladi.
Yechish:Minut mili bir martato'liq aylanganda
Bir soatda60 ta minut bor uchun 360:60=60.DemakI minut teng60ga.Bir sekundham shunday60ga teng.. J; 25'60=1500
i{; Soatningsoatmili 3 soatdanechagradusgaburiladi. Ys+hish:soatningsoatmiii bir martaaylangandal2 soatni(3600ni) rnri
o'tadi. 360:12=300Demak,soatmili I soatda300gaburiladi,3 soatda900gaburiladi. J: 3'300:900

i1-,,tlrta t-:i.'lu;i, 1450

*."-a?
" J Turk litseykitobidagishu mavzuga
ular{,lri nlPr r'=? i.'F"
oidko'p masalalar t ich.lami
,'1"' chizishnidavomettirib ishlanadi.
Tashqialmashinuvchi burchaklar
Ai.r$- Bj 5G' e] 6$" tr) 7S" tri fifi"
tengligidanx=60' (C)

1. Ucfi|urcfia{krtenq[igitzing ucfrtaatomati.
2. L)cfi6urc fra{6 akndttgl
3.'Ucfr6urc frn{me dianasi.
4. 1-)cfr6urcfrifr 6iswfrlrisasi.
5, ilcfi|urcftafto'rta perpendifufuari.
6. ilcfr|urcfra{o'rta cfiizig'i
'1. (engynfi ucfr|urcfrnft
8. ftng tomonti ucfr.\urcfraft

2 ta uchburchaktengbo'lishi uchunularningikkita
l. Uchburchaklartengliginingl-aloruati: (TBT, ya'ni tomon-burchak-tomon.)
burchaklari
tomonlariva ular orasidagi mos ravishdateng bo'lsa yetarli.
AB=MN
AC=MK bo'lsa,MBC=LIIINK
K lA=lM
2-alomat: @TB, ya'ni burchak-iomon-burchak.)trkkitauchburchaktengbo'lishi uchunularningbittadantomonlariva bu tomonga
tengdir.
yopishganikkitadanburchaklarirnosravishdatengbo'lsa,bu uchburchaklar
F.O'& +99899.01 t
4.65.6
 AC=MK
lA= lM bo'lsa,AIBC = LIvINK
lC= lK

bo'lishikerak,
AB=MN l
BC=NK bo'lsa,MBC=MfiNK
AC=MK
2. Uchburchakbalandligi (l?,)xossalari:
I. Balandlikuchburchakuchidanchiqib qarshisidagitomongayoki uning davomigaperyendikulyarbotadi. (t-2-J-r.asn).
II. Barchauchburchaklardabalandliklarbir nuqtadakesishadi.Bu nuqtao'tkir burchaliuchburchakning
ichida,TBU ningto'g'ri
bwchagiuchida,o'tmasburchaliuchburchakning tashqarisida
bo,ladi. (t-2-3-rasn).
IIII' O'tmasburchakliuchburchakning o'tkir burchagiuchidanchiqqanbalandlikqarshisidagitomonningdavomigatushadi.(J+.asm).
IV. Balandliklarkesishishnuqtasigaor.tomarkazdeyiladi.

2-rusm. 3.rasm

lli$i, r' i":it,,,i;Uchburchakperimetni degandauning tomonlariuzunliklariyg'indisi tushuniladi.V:; +ETa

ftl: Perimetri30 srnbo'lganuchburchakningbalandligiuni perimefflari16va 24 smbo'lgan
uchburchaklarga
ajratadi.Balandlikninguzunliginitoping.
Ia+b+.r+Jr=30 2.h:10
]a+x +h=16 _Jo*b+x+y=39
le+b+x+y+2.h=40 h=5
lb+y+lr=24

3. Uchburchakmedianasi(rz) xossalari:
L Medianauchburchakuchidanchiqib, qarshisidagitomonnitengikkiga bo'ladi. AD:DC (4-r.asm).
IL Barchauchburchaklarda medianalarbir nuqtadakesishadi.Bu nuqtadoim uchburchakichidabo'ladi.
IlL Uchburchakdabitta ntedianao'tkazsak,y:uzalaritengikkita uchbwchaklarhosil bo'ladi. (4-rasm).
IV. Uchburchakning barchamedianalarikesishganda 6 ta tengyuzali uchburchaklar hosil bo'ladi. (S-rasm)
V. Medianalarkesishishnuqtasiuchburchak markazi (og'irtik markazi ) deyiladi.Uchburchalaring medianalarikesishgannuqtada
medianalaruchburchakning uchidanboshlabhisoblaganda 2: I nisbatdabo'linadi. (6-rasnt).

4-rasm 5-rasm 6-rasm

4- Uchburchakbissektrisasi{ /) xossalari:
I. Bissektrisauchburchakuchidanchiqib, shuburchaknitengikkiga bo'ladi. LBAD= I.DAC (7-rasn).
II. Barchauchburchaklardabissektrisalar bir nuqtadakesishadi.
Bu nuqtadoimuchbulchakichidabo:ladi::.
III. Uchburchakuchidanbitta bissektrisatushirsak,hosilbo'lgnn ikkita kesmachalar
qolganmostomonlarigaproporsionalto,,lactri"
-bilxilmartadanfarqqiladirlegani.)
(proporsionaldegani r'
+=+
EA CA
e-tasnt.).
IV. Bissektrisalar kesishish nuqtasiinmarkaz deyiladi.Bissektrisalar
kesishishnuqtasiuchburchakka ichki chizilganaylananilg
niai'kazii-'isobiaiiadi.
Uchinchiiomci-rga{c ga)iushganbissekrisabisscktiisalarkcsishishnuqiasidah'"iichakuchidanboshlab
hisoblagandaquyidagichanisbatdabo'linadi: yoki m - b+c (B+"asnl.
+=+L

A 28 E ]2 C
7-vastn 8-rasnt 9-rasnt lA-tasw

Eissektrjsaajratgank*smachztXat
3 snava 4 sw"F:21snt bo'isa,uchb,.u;hal,:ung
tcmonlainitoping. ig-rras*!
+99899.01,*,$5,d
i
 Ycchisir;4k1-31-.4+3=2 j, 7k=14, k=2, 4'2:8, S.J=rt: ,f: g_tj,7
{; lECneithmchakningbissekirisasilCtomonni 28ta}2galengbe"lgankesnraiargaajratadi" AgarAE-BC=ldbo'lsa,ucghurchak
perinretrirriioping.F:l .r'echish:
ii A-rasru,l Uchburchakning"&uchidanbitta BE bissektr.isatushirsak,hosil bo,lganikkite
kesmachalar I E va EC qolgarlrnostcmonlarigaproporsionalbo'ladi"O'zgar.uvcliirrasoniaririehizmadaycaishda l:attatomorrg6k4.[t6
)r' t -'l
kesmaci':La,
leichiktonrongakichilc!,:esmac!ra i:o'ladiganqinibyozishliefa[:. lt = {+" .
i:roporslona,l = -=, :Si: = l2x .+-
2tri
Ats fd .,,J-lF
16x:21a, s:=13,5 P=*:1-181-x1-28-'.lJ=2.r+58:17+58=35. -I..,f5s*r

5, Llchburchsko'rta perpendikulvarixossalari:
tr. Cr'rtaperpendikulyaruchburchaktr-rmonningo'rtasidancLriqib,shuion-rongaperpendikui;rartro'ladi.(tt-12-lJ-rasngl.
II. Barchauchbulchaklarda perpendikulyarlar
a'rl';a bir nuqtadakesishadi.Bu nuqtao'tkir burchalii.rchburchaknin gichida"TBU ning
kattatomcnining{gipotenr.rzssining,}c'rlasida,o'tmasburchakli
uchbulchakningtaslrqar:isidabo'iadi. (l!-!2-!_1-ra_stt4)
III. O'rta perpendikulyarlar
kesishisirnuqiasishu richbulchakkatasliqi chizllganaylananingmarkaziba'ladi.

A b K b
I l-rasnt I 2-rasnt I3-t'asnt I 4-rasnt

6. Uchburchako'rta chizig'i xossalari:

I.O'rtachiziquchburchakikkitomoni o'rtalarinitutashtiradi.
ABningo'rtasi14,ACningo'r1asiK. MK-o'ftachiziq,(14+.asnt)
II. O'rta chiziquchinchiiomongaparallelbo'lib, uning yarmigate,ng.MK//BC, MK=BC/2. MN //AC, MN:AC/2. (14-rasnl.
IIL O'rta chiziquchburchakbalandliginiliam teng ikkiga bo'ladi.
IV. O'fta chiziqiaLniturashtirsak4 ta tengluzali uchbwchaklarhosil bo'iadi. (So*.), 4 = Stnwrc= SdztwK= Sa,ral = Sa,vcK

7. Tengyonli uchburchakningikkitatomonitengbo'ladi.Tengtomonlaryon tomon,uchinchitomonesa

a$osdeyiladi.Asosgayopishganbwchaklartengbo'ladi. Asosgatushirilganbalandlik- ham rnediana,
hamo'rtaperpendikulyar
ham'bissektrisa, vazifasinibajaradi.b -yon tomon, 2a - asos

ichki burchaklariva tashqibu'chagiyig'indisi

{: Tengyonliuchbwchakning ea ten1.
l{
tengbulchaklariyig'indisini toping. 2a= ? \'cchish: uchburchakning
Uchburchakning ichki burchaklari
x id e y m i z . , t +r = + 3 , ,
y i g ' i n d i sii8 0 01 a ; g a t e n gB"i t t a t a s h gbiu r c h a g i n =
#
a=6ia=!11 , J: ?s=5nl16

8. Barchatomonlariva bwchaklari tengbo'lgan uchbulchakkateng tomonli (muntazarn)uchburchak

lxtlyoriy tomongatushinll
deyilacir.Muntazamucnburchat(da
hamo'rtaperpendikulyarbo'ladi.(15-rasm).Muntazamuchb
tomonlarigachabo'Iganperpendikulyarlar(masofalar) yi g' ind

l"tisc'l 2 smbo'lsa,lABl:?
kci'raolPTl+lPKl+lPHl:l
: Shaklga
Yechish:Agar AT va BH tcmonlamidavomettirsak,muntiazam hosilbo'ladi.
uchburchak
P nuqtauningichidagiixtiyoriybir nuqta.PT, PK.vaPH undantomonlargacha bo'lgan
perpendikulyarlar.
Bu uchchalasining yig'indisih ga teng.h:12 sm.Muntazamuchburchakda
n=l9'"8 qarang),
tz (aylanava ko'pburchakmavzusiga l2:AB' Jt /2 , ,n:lABl= 8'6
6C0

4t, AN ABCuchburchakning bissektrisasi.AgarAB=AN va / C=300bo'lsa

I B=? Yechish: ABN tengyonli uchburchak. /. B= /. N.
a + B + p = 1 8 0 0 v a 3 A 0 + Z c t + B = 1 6 9 0 B u i k k a l a t e n g l i ksniis t e m a A
qilib yechsak,q, = 4Oo, F =70o. J: P =7go

+99899,014.65.61
 t'1: ABC uchburchakning
B va C burchakbissektrisalari1280burchakostidakesishadi.I A=?
Yeririslr: a+ B+1280=1800, d+ B=52o, x+2s+2?=1800
x+2\a+F):l$Do, x +2'52o:1800, I : x :'760

i i',i&; birormasalashartidaABkesmadaCnuqta shundayolinganki,3'AC:2'BC deyilsa,

i:liril-,,i\
AC:2x, BC:3x debo'zgaruvchikiritish kerak. A 2x C 3x B

'1. gff, 450aa3tr [iucfr1urcfra{kr.

2. Iffiita(tBU nW teng\o'frsiisharti
3. \ptettarningproyQgsilakri,
4. Qipotenuzaga tusfriiQanhafanfiifudngXossafdri
,,5'U cfr fra
6urc frningtomonkriga fut'ra turfari,
f, 'lrB'Uning fusinust,tangensiua
6urcfr.a{inusi, (sin,cos,tg,ctg)
futtangensi
7. Ag'mava perpendifuilar.

L. Bina burchali lO0gatengbo'lgan uchburchakkato'g'ri burchakliuchburchak(TBU")deyiladi.To'g'ri bwchakkayoiistrgan

tomonlarkdtetlar, uning qarshisidagitomon gipotenuzadeyiladi.a va b katetlar,c gipotenuza. F\ /n
Pifogor tgoremasi.'TBU da katetlarkvadratlariningyig'indisi gipotenuzaningkvadratigateng. V+F:A
"l ;>(_ ^
l:llr,r.:zi [i.'i; Gipotenuzaga
tushganmediananinguzunligi gipotenuzaning
yarmigateng. F:"a

4501iTBU da katetlaro'zaro tengbo'lib, gipotenuzakatetlardanrE martakatta( katetlargipotenuzadan

Ji ^urtukichlk. (l-rasm).
-
300li TBU da 300 qarshisidagi katet gipotenuzaningyarmigateng.600qarshisidagikatetesa300qarshisidagikatetdan.6 *arta
(yoki aksincha,300qarshisidagikatet 600qarshisidagikatetdan,li mu.rtukichik.(2-rasm).

l-rasnt. 2-rasm.

2. Ikkita TBU tengbo"lishi uchun: l-alomat lkJritakatettengbo'lishi kerak.

2-alomat.Bitta katetva ungayopishganbitta burchaktengbo'lishi kerak.

3. Gipotenuzaga
balandliktushirsak,ikkita kesmachahosil bo'ladi. Bular rnoskatetlarninggipotenuzadagi
proyektsiyalari deyil
Pastdagi3-rasmdaakatetning gipotenuzadagilroVektsiyasi -.r, bkatetngipglenuzldagiproyektsiyasi - c-.r.

Pifagorteorenrasidankatetlarni topsat: at+b2:c2 l"=J", -u, -d

I ln=Je I bo'ladi.
i;,:r;;,r"'l,1:ii.r Katetningkvadratio'ziningproyek GqdlE=r*',4
4. Gipotenuzaga tushililganbalandlikquyidagi c-x
a) Pifagor:teoremasiyordamida- Fi :74,
b) Balandlikningkvadlati o'zi ajratganproyektsi

c) Katetlarko'paytmasining gipotenuzaga nisbatigipotenuzagafushirilganbalandlikka,*ng.

- VA c
l " I
fl: Katetlariningnisbati3:2kabi bo"trgan
TBU ning haiandligigipotenlrzasini
ueunliklgflcla$biri 2-sidan6 ga
lco'pbo'lganikiii qismgaajratadi.{-lchburchak
gipotenuzasinitoping. -}'cehish:Kichlk katelga{}r) kichik
proyektsiyaQ), kattakatetga{3x) kattaproyektsiya(y+fl mos.ke{adi", K4.tetnlngkvadratio'zining -i.r
=t^8v2+54v
prr-,yeksiyasibilangipotenuzaningko'payrmasigarengligitlan:
{"-!'l:,: Kr,:u, I e. I to^*t
l9x2 = ( 1 t + 6 ) . ( 2 y + f l 1 ' a l 3 6 x z y 2+ 7 2 y + 1 4 4
= 8
t0y2-tay-tu=A, y=4.8 2y+5=15,6

+99899.0tr
4,55.61
tl: Uclib-u:-c!,-al, 4,5 -,,a6 sni. 4s:r.r
uc'-rniifuiari
torirc,6iari ii lan_r*irrning
6smli iomoirriagi
proyektsiyasi'rzuriiginitoping. Yec:frisl::Fr:otrektsiJ'a hosii qilish uchun6smii tomongabaiandliirtushil'aifliz,
Il.lcitaTBLj hosilbc'ladi, Tushirganbalandligimizik&alerTBLI uchunhafnkatetb,o'ladr.Fifagor
'u'eoreriiasitjau42-x-2:b2 h2:52 -(6-xj2 ji-36Tl2x-x=,
I rj-,*--=2 12x=27 .F.s=2,25
"
,
6-x
f'{:LTchburchakningtcroonlarta,h:12,c:i0. arorr,:nniirg&dagiprloysktsiyasi-a6=ti, &tonronningcdagiFrLr}rektsiyas'&c,
,:
; tomr:nning dagi irrr"r,,ekt$iy4s;t" , & ga.iusliirilgar-rbalandlik lrr :6'6*'Ut*, q,rigan noi-na-'lumlamd(a" b, , c,,) toping.

,r '=']"'i-E- Lfi2'ic o)2= ro

2i'-( i t+e"i2 t 22-(b = | {s2
1 -1 ^'/
v b-': -( } o-h")2
. r'l "t2
a=I i] i 00_144_1 00+2$cd l:rc \ I Z 144=l 00-i 00+20b"
c'o=56nA [0 V4:24 b,
ga=?r& l li-Lr" lt"=1,2

ca 10- cn a:10
5. Llchbuchakoingtomonlarigako'ra tlrlari:
a) ikkita kichik tomonkvadratlariningyig'indisi uchinchitomonkvadratidankattabo'lsa,o'tkir burchakliuchbulchakba'ladi.
bi ikliita kichik tomonkvadratlarining1rg'indisi uchinchitomonkvadt'atigatengbo'lsa,TBU bo'ladi.
yig'inriisi uchinchitomonkvadratidankichik bo'lsa,o'tmasbulehakliuchburchakbo'ladi.
cr)ildritakichik tomonl.:vadratlarining
a\ d +b2>c: bo'lsa.o'tkir; b) a2+b2=c2 bo'lsa,to'g'ri; c7 a2+b2<c2 bo'lsa, o'tnras.
r't: 7, 11 ','ai 5 smli kesmalardan
yasalgan uchburchak turinianiqlang.49+121<256 J: o'tmas

6. TBU da o'tkir burchakningsinusi: qarshisidagikatetninggipotenuzaganisbatigater.rg. sina =a/c sinB 4lc

Kosinusi:o'zigavcpishgankatetninggipotenuzaga nisbatigateng. cosa=b/c cosp:alc
Tangensi:qarshisicagika-ietningyopishgankatetganisbatigateng. tga =alb tg p :bla
Kotangensi:lnpishgankatetningqarshisidagikatetganisbatigateng. ctga=bla ctgF =ah

sina=..,{-!$. cosd=[-skPa, rea=ff, crcd=#.

1 " 1 : Y u q o r i o a g : T B L ; d a t g a : 0 , 2 5 v a b : l 6 b o ' l s a , q o l g a n n o m a ' l u m l a r nYi ct or 'phiinsght .g: a = a 1 b , 0 , 2 5 ' = a l l 5 , a : 4 .

rgp:lls=',h:-' c2=a2+b2, . sinq:alvl/Ji, cosBi alc:llJi , ctga=b/a=, ctg!1=alb=0,25

"':16+256, ":+li

I :r. : TBU ninggipotenuzasiga balandlikajratgan

tusl.ririlgan

nisbatibissektrisaajratgankesrnalarnisbatiningkvadratigateng,
kesmalarning

J"'!:TBU ninggipotenuzasiga gipotenuzani

tushirilganbissektrisasi 1:5kabinisbatda
bo'lsa,to'g'ri
bulchaliuchidantushirilganbalandlikgipotenuzaniqanday nisbatda
bo'iadi? J: 1125

t{is.l:tesAD:fr,
ee:zoB=4,
DC=? Ycirlris;lr:
tgDAB:rg(900-(a+ 811=], a{a+ BS=
,L
^ ?+ r'
=+1 t
tgCAB=r6(900-a) ctga =:j7 ctgSAD=crs6={
2+x ll , l4+ltx
\1 _ c . r y a . c t g p - l _4 ' - t - ' _ g
-^' 61\J' -+^ r./ 1/,t D
?Iqd = - = _14+11*_1
2 ctga+ctgB 2+r * ll 24+x 2Q4+i1 2
^ a , l

,n* 11r=24+x, tt=l

7. Tc'g'ri ch:ziqda(tekislikda)yotmaydigannuqtadanshuto'g'ri chiziqqa(tekislikka)faqatbitta perpendikulyartushirishmumkin.

900ostidatushmagan kesmalarog'ma deyiladi.Og'maningtekislikdagiuchi bilan perpendikulyarning asosinitutashtiruvchikesmaga
og'maningproyeliitsiyasi deyiladi.Og'maqanchauzunbo'lsa,proyektsiyasi shuncha uzunbo'ladi,lekinog'ishburchagishuncha
kiclu'ayibboraCi.(Og'ma mavzusidagimasalalarasosanTBU xossalaridanfoydalanibyechiladi.)

AB, BC, BD - og'malar.

BO - pc'rpendrkulyar,
BD<BC,OD<OC,lekinp> )"

Proyektsiya

+99899.014.65
.61
2-alomat:Ild;iiauchburchako'xshashbo'iishiuchun ar,'F-' ..
mostornonlarga(ya'ni n*uchhurchakning kichik tomonibo'lsa,
Z-sininghamkichik tomonii yopishgariburchaklaritengbo'trishikerak.

3-alornat:trkkitauchburchak
o'xshashbo"lishiuchuil
uchtadantomonlariploporsioualb*r'lislxikerak, 4A B =gg = 4tEbo,rno,
---'
BC AC
4696 6r.SAA1BIC1

4. TBLI r:lagipotenuzagabalantllik o'tkazsak, hosil bo'lgan uchta TBU lar a1.nano'xshashdir.

ii AADC 6\SAADB tt =+=D AADC dan /cr qarshisidagi h katetni AADB dan ," a
^^-^L:^:,1.,-: ^ -, l-^.^.-- L^tr^---:- ^^ -
t-.i ii a r{4 DrrDfu.rtsr ! - ^ {drglts4 w w\tE, 7v 4 q4 sIN ruaBl

2) AADC f\gaAEC L=L=L x katetni 90 - a qarshisidagi h katetga,so'ngra 900

a b c qarshisidagi b gipotenuzani a gipotenuzaga6o'lamp,
c 3) aADB a-'tDAABC c-)c h a Qolgan ikkita o'rchashlikda ham xrddi
a , b e yuqoddagikabiarrallarbajariladi. ,,, ,

biror tomonigao'tkaeilganparallelto'g'ri chiziq qolgan

5. LTchburch-akning
tomonlarinikesibo'tsa,hosilbo'lganuchburchak berilganuchburchakka o'xshashbo'ladi.
A4 _ eA =EC,
b o ' l s a , A A B r c ir € A A B c
ACT AC BC
A Cr\ c
fl: Uchburchalcring
asosigaparaliel ,u'g'ri uning yuzini tengikkiga bo'lsa, asosidanboshlabhisoblaganda,
uningyon
"hi"iq
tomonlariniqandaynisbatdabo'ladi? Yce:hish; AC//DE, Saon=Stncr=Sr,AD/DB:?=b/a (l-rasd. LentC-s LAIC
= ( a - - \ ' 4 : + =a, + b ' J 7 o - o + t ,b = a ( J T' r-' r ? -rt
i S* s=s+c Z S t \ . a + b)
) .- La = a ( Jaz : J TI' t
JZ
* Parallelogramga diagonallaro'tkazsak,hosil bo'lgan 4 ta uchburchakning
luzalari tengbo'ladi. Vertikal uchburchaklaresaham
teng,hamo'xshashdir.LlOn 6\oADOC, LAODC*DABOC (Z-rasru) j: ,:
+ Ixtiyoriy trryetsiyagadiagonallaro'tkazs4k;4 ta uchburchakhosil bo'ladi. Ulardanasosgayopishganuchburchaklaro'xshashdir.
AlOD6-t.9 LBOC. Yon tomongayopishganuchburchaklarning yuzalariteng. (3-rasm)

4 c x F
1-rasnt
6. Sinuslnr teorentasi.'Uchburchaktomonlariningshu tomon a nisbatio'zarotengbo'lib, bu tenglik
tt*"**triga tengdi'
teshqiclrizilgana,),!anu
slruuchb.-r'chakta

Kosinuslar teorcmasi: uchbwchakdauchinchitomonningkvadratiqolganikki tomonkvadratlariyig'indisidan

shuikki tomonva ular orasidagiburchakkosinusiko'paytmasiningikkjlanganiniayriignnigateng.
az =F+P-?nbcosa b2 = a2 + cz -?:tbcos9 €2 = a2 + b2 -?s.bcasA

f{: uchburchakning
5 ga tengtomoni qarshisidagiburchaksinusi0,5 ga tengbo'lsa,shuuchburchaknipg
8 ga tengtomoniqarshisidagiburchaksinusiva tashqichizilganaylananingradiusinitoping.

sina=0J sin/:? R:? #;=#=t* sinp:0,8 to=n: R=s

+=#7,
f'1: Uchburchakning
b va c gatengtomonlariorasidagiburchak300ga teng.Uchburchakninguchinchitomoni 12ga
tengbo'lsahamdauning tomonlaric2=b2+ l2b+ I44 shartniqanot
''
*l*;2'oilr;f*"rf u=Jt?' /"'
'
Jl +t++
144+c2:2b2+c2+l2b-bc bnisistemadagi /

zb'z+lzb-bcJ' =0 2-tenglikkaqo'ysak. c2=432 c

2b+12-e.E=0 J; c=fZr6

+99899.014.55.61
 7. Bissektrisanitopishformulalari:
a) o'zi ajratgankesmachalarorqali -

b) yarimperimetrorqali - t" :;k

c) o'zi ajratganyarim burchakorqali -

8. Mediananitopishformulalari:
a) nto= uchtatomonining
uzunliklariberilganbo'lsa.
+JFW=a
b) mo = | Jbz + sz + ?lc cosa ikki tomoni va ular orasidagi burchak berilgan bo'lsa.

c) : -
" ] JU4 - Ug * medianalariberilganbo'lsa,uchburchaktomonininguzuntiginitopishformulasi.

il ""a2+ mi +d] = f,{az + bz+ c2) medianalarva tomonlarorasidaquyidagichabog"liqlik mavjud.

akningik*i tomoni a va b gateng.Agar bu tomonlzuga
o'tkazilganmedianalaro'zaro
._13iY:!9*:ti
perpendikulyar
bo'isa, n=l sa = ? Ycchi.rh:
toping.
3-tomonni .1tr:iitJ:r._21',t,5(x2 =d+!!
+ 1t2)

, 2+ f = f f , 2 n 2 ,4 . d J L = n 2 , J :n =
4 x+24 y = ; so=fi,{1ea-try+nt
-dy 61

M: Uchburchakda
BC tomonl2sm. B uchidano'tkazilganmedianal5sm va C uchidano'tkazilgan
medianal2sni ga teng:AD medianauzunligini toping. Y*ch irtt, o = - n4
f,,[ffi

a=BC=D =+Jr.t44* ni -rr1 32a=T8-m? J: ruo=4414

M: Bissektrisalari
perpendikulyarbo'lgan uchburchakrnavjudmi?
Chizmanishadli chieamiz. \ ::
.1.8=1800-2t2, lC=?s, lB+ZC'=1800. AgarbungalAni
hamqo'shsa-k,
lS00dankattabo'libkbtadi.Shuninguchun,bunday
on
uchburchak
mavjudemas.
;

lri:8D-bissektrisa.AD--DC"KLI/BC.
3KL:2EDvaKEDLtrapersiyaningyuzi 15sm2bo,ls4
Saaa= ? }'r:chish:
KL=2a,BC=3a.KEDL trapersiya
deyiigan,
trapetsiyaning parallelKL//ED.
asoslari
MKLva AAEDva MBClar o':shash. = = . AKL nchburchak
yuzinis desak,
# #, + +
( uY' -=Til5'
s -s=tz
4s+60= 9s AD = DC =ix 'ffi=
Kt AL 2a )v
tl"J n6' ft=e, BC=6a
( u\2 -= E ;tz' c - uo' BD - mediana
{ 3 6 ' = trnR S . q B=Dt o g : z = s + S B r a= 5 4 ' 1 2 ' 1 5
=27, I:27
fJ

ffir Tengyonli TBU ning kateti'rF ga teng.Shuuchburchakningmedianalarikesishgannuqtasidanbissek-

trisalari kesishgannuqtasigacha
bo'lgan masofanitoping. KL:s=? Yechish:Tengyonli bo'lgani
'
JGtz uchungipotenuzaga tushganneedianahambalandlik,ham bissekffisavazifasinibajaradi.BC= .,f-0"
"
AD=DC= 'fr- l: ADL-- tengycnli TBU. Mediana.larikesishgannrrqtaK-,bissektrisalar:ikesishgan
nuqtaL. Mediana2:1 nisbatdabo'linadi.AK=2a,RD=a,#.ttO tz , u= JG t s. AD bissektrisa
burchakuchidanboshlabhiqoblagandaL nuqtadaquyidaginisbatdabo'linadi:

4 L -- A B::tc.
'
Za- x= +, .2a- x= J- zfu+x)
2a-, Jia.;Ji*nr , ^=Q;l i E
lD EC Gl-r JfO'

u,",=E- ) -zJilJta
+='lnP;?J\

+99899.014.65.6
!
 fJi;t-fBf".fFrl .AiiiLA,R- ),{_f;:i'

't 'litza tusfrun;fia-ci

?- l-)cfr6urchaEning ;tu:;i

\ 6o'sh
Egta{ qaydan paldo 6o'[di?
Z-msmdagishakllaro'rni almashti'irib,1-rasmgaqo'yilgan.Ulardagibo,yalgarr
uchbu'chakva to'rlburihakshaklidagikatalclar
yuzalariteng.

\'Yuza - bu musbatkattaiikbo'lib, biror figuranitashkiletuvchisohaning sirtidir.-Tomoni ga tengkvadratga birlik 1,uzadefllarJi.

Y u z a o ' l c h o ' b i r i i k l a r i : : 1a s) m 2 = 1 0 0 m m 2 b ) i d m 2 : l 0 0 s m z c 1l m 2 = l 0 0 d r n 2
ol r i:iotmr *ir ,:rior,-riooa*,
ft): 6 gektargamoslabolinganasfaltnikengligi 2 m danbo'lganyo'lak shaklidayotqizilsa,yo,lakning
uzunligi qanchabo,ladi.
6ga:60000m' 2,'::1," -..-f S=2.:r, 60000:2..v, .r:30000m=30km

Murakkab figuralanri ylzini topishda, uni aniq {igurachalarga bo,lib,

bu yuzachalarni qo,shib chiqamiz. -___*,,f_l
s=sr+S,+sr+Sr sr - TBU, s2- to'g'r'ito'rrburchak, s3- trapetsiya, s+_ kvadrat. (l
j 'r"'r':'r'' Figuraningbarchatomonlarinecha
:ri:*r s, is..ls, I
martaoshsa,perimetrishunchamartaoftadi,yuzu.i e-sakvadraticha
. orfadi.
i'';"''r''' ' ' : Tekislikriaixtiyoriyikkita figuratengdoshbo'lishiuchunularningyuzalariteng
Lro'lishiker-ak.Fazodaixtiyoriyikkita
figuratengdosh bo'lishiuchunularninghajmlaritengbo'lishikerak.
ii:::;'"i . Ixtil'-ori'1'uchburchakda
burchak uchidan chiqqan kesrra qarshisidagitomon uzunligini
qandaynisbatdabo'lsa, uning yuzasini ham shundaynisbatdabo'radi

pi1:ABC uchbir,-chakning
B uchidan lushganBD kesma AC tomonni 3 va2 gateng kesnialarga
ajratadi.
AgarS;asp:l? bo'lsa, Sapg, Sz=B Saec=12+g=20
+=+

ABCuchburchakda AD:DC:3:2,BF:FC:4:inisbatda, ao ro,*,'.t.n,lnt*i nunrutou

BE:ED=? yechish:ED to'g'ri chiziqAC tomonni
kesishadi. "far
qanduy-nisbutda bo,lsa, MECyt,,int
hamshunday nisbatda
bo'ladi.EFio'g'richiziqBCtomonni qanday nisbatda bo'lsa,MgCyuzini
hamshunday nisbatda
bo'ladi. t,tBEyuzinisj debo'zgaruvchi
kiritamiz =ffi
+t ekanrigidun,

c =ffi +45r:5,
, 20s, +452,g=20s s'tar; BE 20sr 20
+ !1 s^;= ED-=-:s-=T

U .
-o:_- d; -. h: -o; - : - - -
L Z
b.hn
.
..h.
Z (A\ E
ichki aylanachizishm-n bo'lgan
t = - br:irrrmrrla
universaibo'lib,4burchak,
5, 5,...12,.
..2A...brrchaklarniyuzinitopadi.
T barchako'pburchakiar
uchun.

Geron forrnulasi: Yuzani3 ta medianaorqalitopish:

.4r
,s-
d\FryI P - a)(P -b)(P - c)

P:(a+b+c):2
J =
T',tntQn
- nt)(rn - m6)(nt- m,.)

nt = (nto4nt6*n1");)

f---, r-,--.,
i_ Ai;A
l'= l l'=?l [:;hl
l'=+l l'=-r-l
bunda m va n gipotenuzaga balancihk tushgan nuqtadatr
katetlargacha bo' lgan masofali

+99899.014.65.6
I
 ii i${.,tTir}.t : gipotenuzasi
ga tushirilganbissglAE as}:3 bqlandtigi bissektrisa va mediana berilgan
uzunliklari
berilgan TBUningVuzi: =
bo'lsa, s =]s*$iffi\
lS ffil

Muntazamuchburchakyuzi; t'
ls = ;''5 |

iis:ii"is'i'SgAlUchburchakichidagiixtiyoriy bir nuqtadanuningtomonlarigaparallelto'g'ri chiziqlar

o'tkazishnatijasidahosil bo'lgan uchtauchburchakning yuzi ma'lum bo'lsa,uchburchakning yuzi:

fi: Ushbubo'yalgan
shaklningyuzi nechasm' . S=7 5
Yechish:ED va EG to'g'ri chiziqlar
o'tkazamiz.Nati.iada2 ta to'g'ri to'rtburchak
v a 1 t a T B Uh o s i l b o ' l a d iS. n r r r = 4 . 5 = 2 9 , S D E ?=K4 , . 1 = 4 S E F=
' 4.2/Z= 4
g=2p+4+4=2E J: 28
a
fvfrG og'irlik mxkazi.ABryD.CE va AD medianapr'. AGC uchbulchakning yuzasi DGF u.ttu..t*
y-ezil';:;r,;cli; l;raii; ltaii;rT .J-;-hisli. r,eJii;ral.,; L'r,uc}:al;
lch:clan bl,shlabliiscblage;id;2:l ni:-hildl
bo'linadi.AE//FDbo'lganiuchun MGE rS 626p. O'xshashlikxossalarigaAt::f
#:#
? n b ^ =i.b ^ t ^ , ^ I h .
;=ffi,
tr Secc=;h.% 'sin(80-a)=hbsma, Smr=)afsna=0|Sabsma,.

?' = : -= . ? . / 1 \ q = t J:8
Sncr lP1absna

f4: Uchburchakning ikki tomoniuzunliklari 6 va3 gateng.Agar bu tomonlargao'tkazilganbalandliklar

uzunliklariyig'indisining yarmi 3-tomongao'tkazilganbalandlikfuteng.foollsa.
3rtomonuzunliginitoping.
s" _= 6 '23 = + = + . 9'f6=3'b ls=z'hx , hz+h 6 ' r x-62 ' t ' u = * t ' o
- r: x:4

fi{: BN-bissektrisa.AC//LK. KC=2.BKbo'lsa, *5=? Yechish: MjIKwMNco'xshash.

)KLN

/ - \? s--.. 1
| *Jx I = #!\ = * BLK uchburcliakyuzini bitta S desak,LNCK to'fibunghakning yuzi 65 bo'ladi.
\ ,/ Dsnc Y
LNK uchburchakyuzini bitta y desak,NCK uchburchakning yuzi 8S-y bo'ladi.BNC uchburchalcning
N uchidantushirilganNK kesmaqarshisidagitomonniqandaynisbatdabo'lsa yu3lami hamshunday
n i s b a t d a b o ' l a"d i . E 8 s - y ^ =+'2f y y = 2 s b _ = ! l = r . t:3
*=ffi, 6S=:y r-.o S*_-X-
B

Uchtamedianauchburchakyuzini 6 ta teng
uchburchnklarga
ajratadi,ularningyuzi S.
Sam:3S, GFx bo"lsa,GA=2xbo'ladi.
MGE6\s ,vDC, (#)' =#

oi{" *lg c "r F5 , f r' )5e E' i 5* -

..55 85
=35-+=+, saccr= "*-t = : -.1
scncr S,taec
(E)
?.q+ 6a l0S
a
5

J'nrn a ' b . c+ x . y . z S o w_ 2.a:b.c

s eac ( a + x ) f t + y ) ( c + z ) S,qw fu+b)(b+c)(t+a)

A\._-_ ___------ --[._-- _--_,,__--.t C

b '
-t-99899.0i4.55.61
 f\\s*.lt anttnA,
lADl:lDCi va Ss16=z$bo,lsa,SAEC=Z \'*r;his1: MBC6.-fr4pgg

Shunrlan.

I
4= EC : DE - |
Vd- BC_ZE=T,
t'-t
w=+;ft#=#,#,#=#
= ---, J'i,cr = ltj il 16
;
e JAEC

/tis"l: feng y.nii TBU ningkaretitr gateftg.Uto'g,ri

burcha-k
ah.ofida
4J0ga
burilgansahosilbo'leanuchbulchaklarnine
umufilivtaltburchalciyuzinitaninu
Bo'yalgan-przanitopishuchunBClA1TBU lLuining yanrridanDC1D1
Yr:chish:
TBU ningyuzini al,irib tashlay,rniz.BD-gipotenueagatushganbalanillik, BD : 3+ =
al2

= ss,- aa=a-
DC, =aot, so",r,=[ - :i =taz- Jt,, n+)., = t3- z,F)oz
fr #)t
- PJ2=4q2= <Ji Jto'
Y-ror,o,=+-u-tPu

r;l;ilT.i;li.':lr;,
-. . lt;t'ilti:;r*"; ,:l;:r,, :.'.;;,-

fs'RT-s#fa##AKt-AR"

t
I
To'rtLurcrtaft
2 rParaffe[ogram.
3 [o'g'rito'rt|urcfrafi,
4 Rpm6.
Kqa{rat.
Trape*iya,
js.l r
'.

t. Bir to'g'ri chiziqdayotmaganto'rttanuqtaniketnra-ket ear,'ariq.

tutashtirsak, to'rtburchak hosilbo'ladi.To'rtbrurchakning turlari:qavariqva botiq.
O
iiliii.,r. i r.-.,: Qavarigto'rtburchakningichki burchaklariyig'indisi 3600ga teng.

II. Parallelogramning qo'shniburchaklariyig'indisi 1800gateng. I e+ lB: lC+ / D:1800

III. Qarama-qarshitomonlaritengbo'ladi. AB:CD, AD:BC
IV. Bitta diagonalo'tl<azsakikkita, ikkita diagonalo'tkazsakto'ftra tengyuzali
uchburchakiarhosii bo'ladi. S=4.Sr
V. Diagonallan kesishishnuqtasida tengikkigabo'linadi.AO:OC, RO=OD
VI. Parallelogramda diagonallarkvadratiarining yig'indisibarchatomonlar d

dl + dl =v@2+ b2)
yig'indisigaterrg.AC2+BD2=AR2+BC2+CD2+4pz
kvadlatlarining
d
VII. Parallelogramning
uchidanbissektrisa tengyonli uchburchak
chiqarsak, hosilbo'ladi.

VIII. Parallelogramda
bissektrisaiar
900ostidakesishadi.
d

Parallelogratn yuzalafi: F;n-m

G=!-"1
I s m d l
'. Barcha 4l lu u-no'rinli..-i

+99899.014.65.61
 uchunba'zi bir xossalar:
Parallelogram f7.Z=r=;a
s/4 s/4 D----7
| >(t
I
,sr+,s2 3S/8
' ' " \
s I
|
l-rasm
i'll:i 'i.: Paraiielogram
Ir,:i-|.,,:i va rombdaunir.rgo'tkir burchagibilan bitta o'tmasuchdanchiquvchibalandliklariorasidagiburchakteng.
Parallelogram va rombdauning o'tmasburchagibilan bitta o'tkir burchakuchdanchiquvchibalandlilclanorasidagiburchakteng.
Farallelogram va rombdao'tkir trurchakuchdanchiquvchibalandliklartomonlarningdavomigatushadi.
D 2x C
. AB:2'BE. 3'PF:z'PDUo'fsa, = f
ttt ABCDparallelogram
ffi
l'r:crrisli:r\BEF6\oMED ekanligidan = = y= 2.5a,,
*rlL #" + #,
CFkesmaDFkesmani3:2nisbatdabo'lsa, ADCFyuzinihamJSva2,Skabinisbatdabo'ladi. A 2x B
'EB'" = sooo 'rr.r soo' ^ =$:rus
MEp6-.s,aDCFekanli "
groan (2",'=-5S-' rsEF J -+4q==s=.=E
- -
Wr 3!;' + DB; A5S 5
'i:'g'r: rhizil r;p,{211nr1i3? gr tens
qr':hr: Trn:onla::i.':l:.lrrini f:iiasht:n:.'ehi
i,l .F;r1lel;g--,:trirgi1;1::
bo'lgan uchburchakajratadi.Parallelogramning yuzini toping. Yer.'[rish:AK=KB, BL=LC, KL//AC,

KL-o'rtachiziq. AC=2'KL, AIBCO€ LKBL ekanligidanl{4:;z=F, -, S.rsc=128

- 'AC'
Jsac I=
I t,t'
sac

J: Sfisp=2'Seac=256

tomonlari 12 va 18 sm,ular orasidagiburchak300.

fr{: Parallelogramning
Parallelogramning kesishishidan
bissektrisalari hosilbo'lganto'rlburchakning
luzini toping.
Yecl:islr:
AB:BArl2, A1C:18-12=6= ACt, AB:AB,=ll, Cfi;D/;6
AA,LIB 6s a4NDt va ularning tomonlari 2 martad,anfarq qiladi.
AAMB: ACI<,D, MtNDt : AC{BI Teng yonli ABAI uchburchalcningBM
medianavazifasiniham bajugani uchunMN=y. Xuddi shunday
bissektrisasi
I E
MI.=.r. Kosinuslarreoremasidan:
BB,: Z2+ t Zz- Z.t n+. tti : t 2J2- J; A 6 C t 6 81 6
lt

*rz:B&:a:slz-Jl, AAr= 122+122+2'144' =t2J;*J? MN:a41:4:^l;tr, J: t?IL'AdN=e

3. Burchaklari900danbo'lganparallelogramga to'g'ri to'rtburchak deyiladi.To'g'ri to'rtburchak

uchunparalleloglamning I dan VIII gachabo'lganbarchaxossalario'rinli.
IX. Har qandayto'g'ri to'rtburchakkatashqiaylanachizishmumkin.(ichkichizib bo'lmaydi) R=d/2.
X. To'g'ri to'rtburchakningdiagonallariteng. d1= d2
To'g'ri to'rtbarchakyazalafi: S:;a
ttl:ABCDto'g'n to'rtburchakda
ENbissektrisa. gn^=r
BT=TC:6smva lB:8srn bo'15a, D
uchunparallelogramning
Yerlr:islrElybissektrisa VII xossasiga
asosan
AB=AN=8bo'ladi.
Pifagorteoremasidsn 412:32+62:199, AT:10. BI.l: 8Jt MPf ff-E MPl/ ekanligidan,

+=ffi=ffi, :;:&':;J,,
*=],,=+"o'=+,"'=+,
''p=+.*:32
AN 40 1' - Ii I
-=;tb'
". = I' si',,;= - siiiil80-.,.')bc"lgani
-jP
Sinusiarreoremasidan shu" siiia
;iiia-siiiilS0-a)bo'leani B-
.*ftg f T ff,
-l.rpr=#.ti
uct'run c -r 32Jr 30 iJ,
spnr=Z s6 r. 96
i{=i
perimetri2p gateng.ts uchidanAC diagonalga
NltABCDto'g'ri to'rtbut-chakning perpendikulyar
tushirilgan
h gateng.AC ni va ABCD yuzini toplog.Yeclrish:Dernak,.javabdap ua /r harflaribo'iadi"
P=zp=z(a+b\ a+b=p, Gipote&uzaga tuslega baiandlikkatetlarko'paltrnasininggipotenrizaga. Er
t -t"
li =#,
nishatigateng. oo=+" ab=tt. C, (a+b)2:p2, a2+2ab+b2:p2"
Fi'fbgor-ut+lo'=eCt L

I
ab=ut -Nt' .
A{2+2ab=1t2, Ea# ,tc,r=.-lx1",firzaP t {
h.AC, AC2+2tt.t1c-p2=a"
ttd=-tt-t{A.rz. J: 5= crh=h.A€=A1-n+,[tz4; I D

F.0"ftelri{, -F9!899.0
i4.55.6n
 ixtiyori,vF nuqtaolingan.A.P: Jl3-,
ictrrida
tt{r,ASCDto'g'ri &o'rtbural'tak
tr =.JT, Dp = ? ir",;ghish: asosan,(7-tF
tr-rasmga
Sruqo{idagi
"V
Y-.t2 +-x?,x:4
t1 F'''',
-Llnilrtg
fvJ:To'g'ru'to'rlhl-cirakningt*utonlai'ia va b. kesishishirlan
bisseknisalai'i hosrll\o'lgan
!.rradratning,iiagor,aliuzunliginltoping. FJ=l \r:r::;hish:ABK va CDL teng,l/onliTBU,

+ " Kft=L1I:/E#L
AK=tsK=cL=DL=
"12
-+ :
i, Kii-tKL+L[=t, .X tr."

fil = h - ;* [,:n'g'r'i to'rtbrrrchakningqaysi tomoni uzuii ekanligi

t L t h
\r
'ra'
'r.rchun
a5'iiimagani Ur 6i.:i&-ai D
a
i{

4. Farchatomonlaritengbo'lganparallelogramga Rombuchun
romb deyiladii'2-3+"asntlar,l. . f i

I danVIII gachaxossalario'rinii.
paralielogramning
IX. Rombgaichki aylanachizishmumkin,sababiqarama-qarshi tomonlaryig'indisitreng.
Aylana d

kesishish
nrarkazidiagonaliar radiusi
nuqtasidabo'ladi.Ichki chizilganaylananing balandlikning r f r

yarmigateng.ly= hl2l Diagonallarkesishishidanhosil bo'lgan TBUning gipotenuzasigatushirilgan 2-rasnt

balandlikrombgaichki chizilganaylananingradiusihisoblanadi
X. Rombningdiagonallariperpendikulyarkesishadi. Diagonallarshuburchaklarningbissektrisasidir.
XI. Rombningbalandliklariteng.(2-balandliktomoniningdavorniga tushadi.)

|- d,.d"l E---j---:-t r:-----= |- -p--1

'l | -t,21 - -| l
l s = - , - - 2 , l s = a ' . s i n a ll s = u . l t ll s = j ls=
I | | surdl

Ror-nbningqarama-qarshi tonronlari orasidagi masofa degani -

uning balandiigi(h) degani.

'i',t:ABCD tomor''i6 sm bo'lgan romb.DE:FB=2 va .4..4 = 600bo'lsa, EF:x= . .

Yccliish:AF=EC=4 sm, =
zD 12Cp . EF to'g'ri yuqorigaparallelko'chirib
chizig'ini
DF1to'g'ri chizig'inihosilqilamiz. AF;F'f=fp:2
^t=
Kosinuslarteoremasidan:x2=62+22-2'6'2'cos600x2=40-12, x2=28, x=z{t

a
5. Hammatomoniaritengbo'lgan to'g'ri to'rtburchaieka yoki barchaburchaklari90ubo'lgan rombga
kvadrat deyiladi.Kvadlatuchunparallelografil,to'g'ri to'rtburchakva rombningbarchaxossalario'rinli.

ltvadratning yuli; M t4

Nl:ABCDiomcni4 smbo'lgankvadrat.AE:ED va AB=,8Ebo'lsa,Srnoc = ?

Y*r:histr:AE=EDbo'lgar:iuchunular kesishgan
E nuqtakvadrattomonio'r'tasida
bo'iadi.
ABEMdan 22+(+x72=42 A-x:Jn, x =a-2Ji DN=x, EM=4-(4 - z$ ): z.!i

:4Ji
sd.n*c=).zJi snw=f, z zJz=zJt = z.(4- zJll=4- zJt
sou*t.
+ SMnrg: 2Js + a - 2$ + +h = a' Q + $)
S sapc= Sailt + Sps1,1 B M C

|/l: Tomoniuzunligia bo'lganikkita kvadratumumiyuchgaegava biriningtomoni2-sining

diagonalidayotadi.Shukvadratlarumumiy qisminingyuzini toping.
Y*chish:Bo'yalgan sohaningyLzini topishuchun:kvadratningyuzidanayirib tashlaymiz
kvadratningyarmi bo'lgan tengyonli TBU yruzibilan katetlari.r:ga tengbo'lgan
TBU ningyuziniyig'indisini. Kvadrat ).uzi S=ar. TBU yuzi St:a: /2
Kvadrat diagonalinJl =o* r, r=nJi -q 52=x2/2=@J,- af 12=1jnz-2Jra\'12
a\ I 2 = y,z - "ll oz.
Sr+.92= azt 2 + (k2 - 2J-2 S - (Sl+5t - a2- ?a2* J-2nz = a26t, - D.

+99899.0l4.65,61
 AB>CD va AC2- BD2=zJi ao.,lC bo'lsa,A burchakkattaliginitoping. Yechish:
M: ABCD rombda
AB:a, dtz-dr':2Jldt-dz,
AC=ct1,BD=d2, d]+drz =4a2. Bnikkalatengliknikvadratgakoltarib,
tagma-tagayirsak:Adr'dr' = 1fu4 - l?ltz dzz, dl d22 : a4, drdz : a2, Kosinuslarteoremasidan: D

al;!Z'=4a2cosa zJiarp=Mtdzcosq
-t t=?a2-2n2wq, Ji =2cosa, a =300
ldr" =lo, +?n2cosa 2J3dd2= 4azcosa {3 = 2t-osa

6. Faqatikki tomoniparallelbo'lgan to'rtburchakkatrapetsiya deyiladi.

Paralleltomonlargaasos,qolgantomonlargayon tomon deyiladi. ABIICD
* Trapetsiyada yon tomongayopishganburchaklarI 800gateng. zA + lD : t&oo D C D
(4-rasm)
+ Ixtiyoriy trapetsiyadadiagonallarkvadratlariyig'indisi - yon tomonlalkvadratlariyig'indisi bilan asoslarko'paytmasi
yig'indisigateng.( 6-rasm). dt2 + d] = tn2 + BCz +2AB 'DC
ililcilanganining
Trapetsiyaning turlari:
a) Ixtiyoriy - bundayon tomonlarturlichabo"ladi.(4-rasm).
b) To'g'ri burchakli = bitta yon tomonidagiburchaklari900danbo'ladi. (5-rasm).
c) Teng yonli - yon tomonlarva asosgayopishganburchaklartengQo'ladi.(6-rasm).

Tmpe.tsiyanlngyon rirmlclari o'r';s.!ari="ni liesrnager'rtr :hiziq iE.FT ki l ) ,teytla.di.

tri'esl:rti:'uvlhi
O'rta chiziqasoslargaparallelbo'lib, asoslaryig'indisiningyarmigateng,Ixtiyoriy trapetsiyaning
o'rta chizig'i uningdiagonallariniva asosgatushirilganbalandliginitengikkiga bo'ladi. AM=MC, BN=ND
A a
6-rasm

t=EF=+. EM=ro=+, nft=MF=1, MN=+ (MDCuchunEMo'itaehiziqvabuDCningyarmigateng,

aaDC
uchunNF o'rtachiziqvabuhamDC ningyarmigateng.Demak,buqoidalar
ixtiyoriytrapetsiya
uchuno'rinli.)

Kzh= - o'rta kvadratikqiymat-bu to'g'ri chiziq trapetsiyayuzini tengikkiga bo'ladi. K r

L

Kt uI 1
WrLr=#- o'rtachiziq L2
"r^t"
KL= ii - o'rta garmonikqiymat, diagonallarkesishidhnuqtasidan'o'tadi.
a+b
D
iii:ii. \'i'i,,i.,:rIxtiyoriyto'rtburchakning parallelogram
tomonlario'rtalarinifutashtirsak, hosilbo'ladi.
Ixtiyoriy parallelogramning yanaparallelogramhosil bo'ladi.
tomonlario'rtalarinitutashtirsak,
Kvadratningtomonlario'ftalarini tutashtirsak,yanakvadrathosil bo'ladi.
To'g'ri to'rtburchakningyoki tengyonli trapetsiyaning hosil bo'ladi.
tomonlario'rtalarinitutashtirsalt,'romb
Rombningtomonlario'rlalarini tutashtirsak,to'g'ri to'rtburchakhosil bo'ladi. . :'
b
Tengyonli ilapetsiyaningdiagonalio'tkir burrhaginitengikkiga bo'lsa,
.fi$,i^.,\'!i'Itr:I.ir: ---ZF'
yontomonlarkichikasosgatengbo'1adi.Agaro'tmasburchaginitengikkigabo'lsa,o/t1n\"
yon tomonlarkattaa$osgatengbo'ladi. l 'i {
llk \
t . d

lvl:Tengyonli trapetsiyaningdiagonali 16,h ga tengva u asosibilan 300li burchaktashkiletadi.

Trapetsiyaningo'rtachizig'initoping.Y,:,;hish;AC:ED:rc6, AP=PD:2x, PN:x, 41r1=1'1pr=tf

Bp:pC=2y, p1u1=y,
BIvt:MC: ),Ji ,
:'JIG+y)=6.alt =zq J:24 3oo';r.6
A ..v
Tiapetqiyaga ichki aylanachizishrnumkinbo'nsa,(bu tengvonli deganiernas)asoslaryiglindisiyon D
tomonlar yig'indisiga tengbo'!adi.0'rta cldziqyon tornonlaryig'indisiningyairnigateng.Ixtivorivtrapetsiya
yon tomoniuchiariniaylanamarkazibilan tutashtirsak, TBU hssitrbo'ladi.Aylana markazio'rla chiziq
ustidava buichakbissektrisalarikesishishsuqtasidabs'tradi.ttrOva DA bissektrisalar.
{z-rasn).

7-rasnt

-1998-99.014.6J.6l 169
 iiiri .\'rr'.ll,ir: Agar fiapetsrya asosadagihurchaknar yig'indisl g00 ga teng
/-*J-*.. \.
h-.r I I
bo'[sa, .r=fg ho'ladi. Eunda *+B=900 4.,"
I "\
n- )ruqori\ra qulii aso$laro'rtalarini iutashtiiuvelri l.:esnra.
/,J -, \ ,, A

rrapetsiyntti,s i lir rirrcrirr

ourt,
FW tr+1H i = tVJt + g,r3 .I' Erapetsry6l
^ f=-'-'=-
,:_ : Vrl .Ji uclruri o'rinli

rij-i...Agar teng yonli trapetsiyaningdiagonallari peryendikulyal o-c'lsa,trapetsiyafling

iil"j'.'.rl,''lt
li=@+uj 4t--1
balandligi o'rta chiziqqa teng bo'tradi.Trapetsiyaningyuzi balandlikning kyadrarigareng
bo'ladi. (agal misol shartidaa1'rilmaganbo'lsa, teng yonli trapetsi.yaning - / u t ' i\ \ \
diagonallari ls=l,'] l.'
perpendikulyar bo'imaydi.i
L-{

S:s'lt
52= 51+,13

yvi 36 ga teng.AsoslariDC=6, Ats:2. BC tomondanE nuqtaolingan

11:ABCD trapetsi,vaning
=? YcchjsJi:Trapetsiya
BE:2 EC bo'lsa.S.a6a y"azi: S =ZO= 6i2 t,, h = 9

. e . : x s i n a , x s i n a =3 . S e c o = l . a . r " a o = ! a . z = t
s u " o = j . a . e - - z i s a c n = 2 7j =

s u r o= t z z t s m ( a - o ) = | . z . z . z = a S . a B p = 3 f i - e a g l = ) l

l\: ABCDtrapetsiya.
3'BF:5.FD,Sspg-Sapp:64bo'lsa,,S,r.:e
'gs*g.64:2ss,
Yeclrish:AIFD6\5 MFC ekanligidan,,+)t =TiA--, t6s=9.64, .s=36
s, =.ffi = .fi!lf6- = 6o, S,qac=60+100=160.

K#'F#{JR ,6,KIA&"

1. Ko'pturcfra{pauningturfari,
2. Iclift va tasliqiturcfiaffir yig'infisi.
3. Aiagow[far soni,
4. g|.untazam fut'pfiurcfrava uningvuzi.

1. Ko'pburchakiar
ikki xil bo'ladi:botiqvaqavariq.Qavariqda
ixtiyoriytomonbo'ylabto'g'ri
chiziqo'tkazsak,
k6'pburchak to'g'ri chizigdanbir
tomonda
bo'ladi.Botiqdaturlitomonda
bo'ladi.
'
botiq
2. Qavariqko'pburchakningbarchaichki burchaklariyig'indisi F80t {" - rtl y o k i l r l u - 4 l g a t e n g "
Bittadanolingantashqiburchaklariyig'indisi 3600.
fi: Qavariqbeshburchakning tashqiburchaklariva bitta ichki burchagi4000.
Qolganichkiburchaklai,7:2:3:4nisbatdabo'lsa,barchaichkiburchaklarni va
ulamingo'rtaarifmetiginitoping. a+ B+tp+ y+.2,+a:4000 3600+a:4ggo a40a
- lS0t5-2):x+2x+3x+4x+400 l0x=5000
Ichki burchaklaryig'indisi x=500
O'rta arifmetik- (400+590a1000+1500+200):5=1080 yoki ttC0.1S-z;:s=t0tr0
Eng kichik burchagi600bo'lgan qavariqko'pburchakningichki burchaklari200danortib boradi.600,800,1000,
1r"|:

+99899.0r4.65.6
r
 Bu ko'pburchakning
tomoniengkolpi Uifu
Manashuburchaklaryig'indisi3600dankattabo'lmasligikerak. tZO0+tOO0+AOo*eOo:EOOi.--
;;;;

'":ry"ry*-5,7va8,7. ,a=3t'Fi4-==+ - *,),r,0"

n:[-6,4;-5,7] u [8,2;9,7] oralig'idaginaturalson_
9. J: n=9
ffi
ffi: Qavariqko'pburchakningdiagonallarisoni tomonlari
sonidan2 martako,pbo,lsa,u nechaburchakli?
-3)
Yechiirlr: n'(tt =rn, n2-3n:4n, n2:7n,
.I: n=?
4' Ko'pburchakningbarchatomonlaritengbo'lsa,
muntazamko'pburchak deyiladi.Muntazamko,pburchaknning
barchaichki
bur.chaklaritengd!r.Bittaichkiburchagiry,bittatashqiburchagiI#J*,.",'",;;;;;;;;"ffi;
markaziy
burchagi
uning tashqiburchagi;re#. #Munrazam'r' ;;;;"",.ffiil,rd;, ,uo,,,rru, sareng.
Munrazam
ixtivorivnuqtadan
uningtomonlarigacha
bo'lgan masofalar
y-ig'indisiffi ,. r- ichkichiz'gan
;H::llJ[*gi ".r. "*oa,
lils'r:la:a*ollibturhaFningieh,lrivl teslrqiburchali!*ri
qe:lel.la. Ielil<i- 1s00(-?)16=!2+0 T:rshqi_
Ichki bir burchagi1600bo'lgan muntazamko'pbwchakning 3,<go:,f:f*.
bir uchidanchiquvchidiagonallarsoni nechta?
l---
R O o . / r - ?-/\
u$t; -:" = 1600 lgn_36:16n, n:lg, 1g_3:15 J: 15 ta
Ii'i::'"'\ i :!i jr'; Hechbir uchtasibir to'g'ri chiziqda
n ta nuqtadano'tuvchi to,g,ri chiziqlarsoni (,
nechtanpgl34l$ishishi' shaxmattuinirida yom v!.trnayaigal ta t/ch.aingko,pibilan
nrtuotjam-orruriniigii. ,*rtadan o,yrashrari
-sorrr'...,
^,-: ,ln.(r-t) l^ soni, bir marradansalomrashishrar
bilan topiladi.
l-T ltormula
'ir'lr!' 'L'i'll;i'lI }Iech bir uchtasibir to'g'ri chiziqda
yotmaydigann ta nuqtaorqali c,] ta uchburchak
yasashmumkin.
ivl: llech bir uchtasibir t\ch.dayotmaydigan/5 ta t,
nuqtaorqali c,3,= =
:i:d*U ,,r,;-!1 = 45s tauchburchak yasashmumkin.
i'li:'i"4i'lr{"\Muntazamjuftburchakliko'pburchakningbiruchidanchiquvchiengkattavaengkichikdiagonallariorasidagibur
FP'ld:tilailan topiladi' I\{untazamtoq burchakliko'pburchakning
bir uchidanchiquvchiengkattava engkichik
diagonallariorasidagibwcuau-wiljfrilj
bilan topiladi. (bunda,n > 6 )

'i ',. lduntazam

oltibur.chakning
ichidagiixtivoriv
nuqtadanuningtomonlarigacha Uo,tgan
m.asofalar
(perpendikulyarlar)
yig'iniisi
ga ten9. hr+hz*hr+ha+hs+he=3i
51|"

M untazam ottiburchak ruu,, | = .$.-_-f

I "- Z I

Muntazamko'pbu.chakning(3,4,5"6,7,s,...20,...burchakning)*,ri
-fu$l formurabiranron'adi

"Pikformulasi,,- katakli qog,ozdako,pburchakyuzini topib

beradi.
fuI-ko'pburchak
chegarasida
yotgannuqtalarsoni,N- ko,pburchak
i"t,ioayolganffi;*j
tI: i32-r'asmdagiuchburchakyuzi'ihisoblang. r.n;r;,; .
S=*+:+_r=4OJ

ichki huirchakl ";;;:;;;;_"r6tru, :" : i :

ail a,zarotensbo,isa,a+h:d+e, ,*r='uii o,.lnu.
Aylanagatashqiclaizilgan
harqanclay
oltiburrclaak s*c*e =b+d+f. tenglilio,r.lnli.
urchura;

R0q0 +99899.[,14.6i.d1

s - -
 l4']" i-.+ iv li

J" 'Ty{an^t aa doita'

2. -Alianartaurhtmn"
"-iytana
-9. yo4t, mnrFgzil aa icfiE! fturchaQari
4" L)rinmatta fosuz'chi,
-1. Se|gor,segffientrta fi.aQaluzi.
6. -Ayfana pa doira teng[cmasi.

,F:l
x Tekisiikdaginuqtarl*nbir xi!. :ruqalai'to'plarrigaa1'Ianaiieyiladi. ' t \ /..,.......\
"rzoqlikdagi hosii qiiacii' Doil.a [;:.:i.:-:.i
;ivlana icliki nuquiari biian birgaiikciarioirani fYrang r\.--r'" I \t/
-bu 'rtasidaginuqta'(Q)
Avlananingqismlari:h{arkaz - aylananingtengo
(R)
Radius - markazbilanaylananingixtiyoriy bir nuqtasinitutashtiruvchikesma'
-
Vatar' aylananing ikkita nuqtasini tutashtiruvchikesma'
Diametr - aylananingmarkazidano'tuvchi engliatta vatat'(D)
2. Aylananingbiror nuqtasidan ayianagafaqatbittawinma o'tkazishmumkin.Urinma'bushunday
bittaumumiynuqtagaegabo'ladiva bu urinmaur:inish nuqtasiga
to'g,ri chiziqki - aylanabiian ^
o' tkazllgaradiusgaperpendikulyarbo' ladi'
Aylanalaro'zaroikki xilda ulinadi: ichki va tashqi' l0P2l=t'7r1 lOP2l=r2+r1
- aylanamattazlari orasidagimasofa'
lOfizl

r;r2
lO1O2i= lO1O2l>rftr2

kesib o'tsa rnarkaziy burchak hosii bo'iadi'

3, Burchakninguchi aylana markazidabo'lib, tomonlari aylanani
burchak hosil bo'ladi.
Bur.chalcringuchi aylanada bo'lib, tomonlari ayianani kesib o'tsa ichki
yoy deyiladi' \A r'/-> A
Aylananingikkita nuqtasi orasidagi'qismiga
Yoyningikl:i xi1o'lchovbirligi bor: gradus va radian' ( ' ) AB - yoy \ r .
rB
Radiandangradusgao'tish uchunsonni I 80uizrga,gradusdan \-,JB \---lB

o'tishuchun
radianga M: 27ao=2'700'fr=++=+ '189':ng}
,* ruko'pavtirishkerak'
=g,zso
=e0+t5'=e0* * = no+| =e,zs|
e015, . = =
k H ft #
gradusbo'lsa,yoy
Har qandaymarkaziyburchakqandaydiryoyni hosil qiladi. Markaziyburchaknecha
ham shugradusgateng.Markaziyburchakqandaydir vatami ham tortib turadi.
= - -
I eOe lSo AB = 750- yoyninggraduso'lchovi. lA"Bl / yoyning uzunligi lABl vatarningirzunligi
=

-
AylanauzunligiE zAnf tor*ula bilan, yoyninguarnligi 7= *R1 formulabilan topiladi. Bunda a radiandabo'lishi shart!
ir,r=T'L='tin C=2tlii=;tt';=ior'
r - i , f r . = ; o u ' r g 6 r i u y i u * u u r * i i g i r . , i v a 2 y2u5y0ui i; u n i i g i r r i l r r p i r , g . 2 f2t 5
=+
0
p.lrR=lgsmbo,lganaylananing1200ni tortibtuuvchi yoyi qirqibolindi.Bu yoydanboshqaaylanahosilqilindi.Shuaylanachaning
radiursini toping.R1=? Yechixh: 1200:2r 11 \ " , , = 4 . 1 8 = 1 2 n l , t t = Z t & t =C R;6snr

Ichki burchaklarning 5 rassasi.'

+ Ichki chizilganburchakkaqandaydirmarkaziyburchak-mos keladiva u martaziyburchakningyarmigateng' ( i'rasm)
fit vatar.gabir tomondantiralganbarchaichki.burchaklarteng(2-rasrn).
+ Vatargaturli tomondantiralganikkita ichki chizilganburchaklaryig'indisi 180qga teng(3-rasm)'
+ Diametrgatiralganburchaklarto'g'ri bulchaklardir(4-rasm)'
{" Ikkita vatarkesishganda ular orasidagiburchakshuburchaklargamos yoylar o'rta arifmetigigateng (5-rasm).

l -rasnx

F'.a' +99899.014.65.61
I
F:,
i
yoyningixtiyoriy
M: 130li yoygatiralganvataraylananiikki qismgaajratadi.Vatar o'zi tortib turgan
i nuqtasidanqaraganda qandayburchakostidako'rinadt? /A ?=
Vectrlstr:Kattayoy 3600-1300=2300. Kattayoy uchwt lA ichki burchakhisoblanadi'
Kattayoyuchunmarkaziyburchak2300 tengva uichkiburchakdanikki martakatta./A=?300:2=1150

Mt zMNO=35o, /MEO:250 bo'lsa, M: AB:AC, IBMC=BN bo'lsa,

/NOE=? Yechish:NOvaOE /.ANB=? Yechish: zBAC=gff
chiziqlamidavomettiramiz. sababl BMC va BAC ichkt burchaklar
IrTL:700,fi'r:soo, znol=r2p bitta BC vatargatiralgan.t BAC teng
/.KOL va lNOE vertikal burchaklar. yonli uchunla : soo. z ACB.ta
J: l20o z ANB ichki burchaklarbitta AB
vatargatiralganiuchun ZINB=5d

4. IJrinma va kesuvcltining 5 xossasi:

';" Aylanadaikkita vatarkesishganda har biri ikkiga bo'linadi' Bu kesmachalarning
o;zaroko'paytmasitengbo?ladi(6-rasm)' fv'l:Uzunligi 16 smva 19 smbo'lgan
birinchipi 12:4nisbatdabo'linsa,ikkinchisiqanday
ikkita vatarkesishganda,ulardan
a.yraiaoi. {€ch!sh:l2x++x=lo, i=I,
kesmalarga xF12, x2-4' i2'4:y{19'y)
48-19yfl=0, J: 53 va 19-516

* Aylanadantashqaridagi nuqtadanaylanagaikkitaurinmao'tkarishmumkin.Bu urinmalaruzunligi tengdir.(7-rasm).tsunda

AO kesmaz BAC ning bissekhisasibo'ladi.
13 Aylanadantasliqaridaginuqtadanaylanaga ikkita kesuvchio'tkazsak,bu kesuvchilarorasidaikkita yoy hosil bo'ladi. Kesuvchilar
orasidagiburchakshuyoylar ayirmasining yarmiga teng(S-rasm)'
* Ayl.anaga bir nuqtadanikkita kesuvchio'tkazsak, birining aylanadantashqaridagi
har uzunligi bilan to'la uzunligiko'paytmalari
o'zarotengdir(9-rasm).
(I0-rasm).
+ Bitta nuqtadanaylanagahamurinmanharnkesuvchio'tkazilgan'bo'lsa,qryidagi tengliko'rinli

C
8-rasm. n: a =rF 9-rasm. a(a+b)=c(c+d) 1O-rasm.a2=c(c+b)

CD - umumiyurinma
vatargachamasofadeyilganda- perpendikulyarto'g'ri chiziq vatarningtengo'rrasigaboradi'
lr)ril-..tl lri:r,l Aylanamar.kazidan
fvj:Aylanamarkazidanttu.litomondauzunliklari 36 va 48 sm ga tengbo'lganparallelvatarlaro'tkazilgan.
Ularorasidagimasofa42srnbo'lsa,R=? (lI-rasm)
yechisli: 182+(42-1)2=pz:242+rJ, 324+17€/4-847+s2=JJ$+.X2,84x=1512, x = l 8
R2=242+x2, R2:516+124, ,I: R=30
n
I l'vasn

fi: Radiuslari6 vaT srnbo'lganaylanalartashqitomondanurinadi'

Aylanalaraingurinishnuqtasidanularaingumumivurinmalarigacha
bo'lganmascfaqancha?ffI=? Yechislt :'4ECD hapetsiyaniatohida
L
Ehizibolamiz. K- ayianaiarningurinishnuqtasi'l8 - umumiyruinma'
o'xshashligidaru -
CFKvaCtlDuchburchaklar *=O
i *,
Kf=2+n=3 rl 2

qtsrniyuzini toping degani- doirayr,.uini

Tekisllkningshuaylanabilan chegaralangan
5.Doiraningyuzi:6;Nt
trrpiagdegani.

-fs9899.014.65"61
 Doiraruiug
ikkita ladiusi orasidagiqisrnigasektor deyiladi. Sekt*r

Doiragatrittavataro'ikazsak,ikkita segrnentirosilLrc'[adi.
: ,(-..i--.f- A - tR2 - R2 sin *
2 2

Ikkita rloiraningmalkaziu'i bir nuqiada bo'isa, konsentritik aylanalar.deyrtradi.

Konsentrik aylanala':orasidagi sohaga halqa deyiladi" Halqa 5alzi: .{ = a .Rr- 1r. 11 = 4tR2 - 12}

6. Vx:e7+(rbf;Fl - aylanatenglamasi. Wq$,4F?n-doira tengiamasi.

(a;b)
Bunda aylana markazi
bo'lgannuqtaning
kordinatasi. nuqta.R - ayla,ra
ix;y) aylanadagi radiusi.

p1: MarkaziA(2;-l) nuqtadabo'lganva R=5 bc'lganaylanatenglamasinituzing. (x-2)2+(y-r-t;2:25

1u1,x2+6x+y2-8y-f4=g aylanatenglarnasidanmarkazkoldinaiasiniva.Bni topmg.
(x+3)2-l+1y-+'l'-i r'-:+=O
(x+3)2+1y-+i2=49=72 J: a:3, b=4, O{-3;4), R=7

-2m +l
f'/i: x2+f+2xt m-i )y+m:O tenglamauchunquyidagilaro'rinli. Ycchish;(r+ 1)2-l + 6, + J)4',2 - nP ** - 6
-9n+5
(x+1)2+(1,+d., i2 - nf m:l va m:5 da nuqtaniifodalaydi,chunkio'ng tarafnolgaaylanadi.(R=0)
+;f
m<l va m>5 da al4ananiifodalaydi.

fv'f:I bir parameirbo'lsa.x=sint-l va y=cosl+-lparametriktenglarrralar bilanifodaqilinganaylananing terrglamasiqaysi?

A) (x+3)2+iy-:'1:=1 B) (x+1)2+(y;3;2=1 c) (x-z;'?+1y+t;2:t D) 1x-z;2+(y-t;'z=t E) (x+312+1y+t;2:1
Yechish:Bu turdagimisollarniyechishda/ ni (l lik ifodani)yo'qotishkerak. sinFxrl, cost:y-3,
=sin2t-zsinl+l x 2+ y 2 - s i n 2 t + c o s 2 z - 2 s i n t + l + 6 c o s t + 9 t 2 + y 2 = - 2 x + 6 y - 9
--l lrrt,= c o s 2 t + 6 c o s t + 9 {. I' .R
D
x2r-yz:l-2(r+1)+1+6(v-3)+9 ( x + 1 ) 2 + ( J r - 9-f1

f'lisul: ebir parametruchun x:3(co st+l) va )t=3sint-2 aparamehlitenglamabilan ifode qilinganaylananingradiusiqancha?

y+2,
c o .s t =x--f3, s n r = - . m s 2 r + s i n 2=/ @ - : 3 ) 2+ ( J , + _ 2 ), 2 g = ( x _ 3 ) 2+ ( y a 4 z J: R=3

14, x2+f-8x+2y+jp-1=g aylanasi3x+4y+7=Ato'g'ri chizig'igaurinsa,rn qancha? (12-rasnt)

Yechish:(x-+)'?-tO+1y+l)2-l+3m-l=0, (x-4)2+(y+l)2:lE-'3m; Markaz O(4;-l)
3x+4y74, 4y=-3x-7, y= -0,75x-1,75 Graftkuitaxminanchizamiz.
Aylanato'g'ri chiziqqaurinadi deganiuchunmarkazdanurinishnuqtasigaradius
tushirsakperpeoikulyartushadiva bu radiusnuqtadanto'g'ri chiziqqachabo'lgan
'to'g'li chiaig':'gaclra'oo'igar-r
r,.r,i iiuilaiay,ii. O(4,-i) iluqtb'dar-i3i;T:iy-l'7:il
engyaqinrr^roiui-6iu

p.+++.1-9+{
eng yaqin masofani topamiz. d = laxs+bys+Q
r-;- -; , t J A = \la' + D' JV +4'z f

topganedik 18-3m:R2Eo-A.
Yuqoridaaylanatenglamasidan I R-1m=?2 buniyechsak, J; m=3. I 2-rasm

tenglamabir aylananiifodalasa,
M, x2+y2+ntx+(2-n)y-m+3=0 qaysibrlr to'g'ri?
quyidagilardan
A) m<3,n>6 B) m>0,m<-6 C) -3<m<0 D) rn<-2,m>2 E) rncl, m>6
, tn..
r c * r l s n g: + l ) - -nVt 2+ v n - - 2, -- n t o - 4-4tn+ni
-nt+3=0, @*?'+g+!P = ! 1 * 4 - 4 " 1 + n r+
2n t - 3 ,
4'
- 4m-72 = o"'V r bu tenglikaylananiifodalashiuchuno'ng tomonnoldankattason
+ 2 ,t t lz - ?:n2 4n 4+
1x+ Lr)z+ rs,, ,
bo'lishi kerak,ya'ni radiusmusbatsonbo'lishi kerak. 2nf -8>0, ntz>4, m<-2, m>2. J: D
tekislikninfu-I)+2 ta qismgaajratadi.
ko'pi bilan n(n-l) tanuqtadakesishadi,
:i:t:"ri,'fil,:!: n taayllana

+99899.014.65.6
i
 KO,P{3{JR#+{,4KVA AYIAAfA,

1.')cfr1urcfia{vaayfana.
ayfarua.
2. to'rtburcfiafrr.,a
3. fuIuntazamE-o'piurcfiafrvaayfana.

1. Harqanday
uchburchakka ichkiaylanachizishmumkin.Bundaaylanauchburchakning
tommonlarigaurirradi.Ichkichizilgan
mar.lcazi
aylananing kesishish
bissektrisalar nuqtasidabo'ladi.Uchburchakning winuvchiaylanaga
uchlariga tashqiaylanadeyiladi.

a b b
radiuslati:
ichkiva tashqichizilganaylanalarning
Ixtiyoriyuchbruchakka
F:Hl m
TBU ga tashqichizilganaylananingmarkazigipotenuzaning o'rtasidayotadiva radiusgipotenuzaningyarmiga
Ixtiyoriy uchbuichakkaichki va tashqichizilganaylanalarmarkazlariorasidagimasofa: d = J*z -zn,'

fi: Asosi a ga tengbo'lgan tengyonli uchburchakkaradiusiR ga tengbo'lgan doira ichki chizilgan.

Uchburchakva dgiraorasidajoylashganqismningyuzini toping. Yechish: Bu qismlamingyuzini topish
uchunuchburchakyuzidandoirayuzini alrish kerak. r:R, 7- x = = -3d- formuladan-
"!ffi
f'="-'--=

*-2'05'a'B!:!tr'z+Rz), ?a4+./;R=opao,l/1fl, #?*fH a2R2+4axR2+4x2Rz=p2y2qazp2

4 a R 2 + 4 x R 2 = a z=xf ,f i . . h - R = J 7 + R '=z :aa BA2R2+ 16R4

+ R2 = ^. a2-+4R2-
" a2 - 4Rt

s=sa- so=j o6- a* n1

-,a,=| oln * ^,- m;=i <M:ffi/&l --
- 612
ffi
=+#y7-d2=;ft-a' ,,, .,j,
A

lvl; TBU ga ichki chizilganaylananingmarkazidangipotenuzauchlaigachabo'lgan masofalar

'6 uu 'i{o ga teng.Gipotenuzauzunliginitoping. Yechish:Aylana markaziO bo'.lsin.
08=,6 , OA= fi-. ko'ra A0 kesmaZA ni, BO kesmalB
Urin*u xos5asiga ni bissektrisasi.
/A = ?nbo'lsa, l8- =9Oo . Zabotladi.lABQ = 45o,-a bo'lsa, IAOB= t350bo'ladi.

Kosinuslarteoremasidan:
AB2=5+10-2,'.6- J; AB=5
[-+)-15+10:25

ffi: Radiusi3sm bo'lgankichkinadoiralarbir-biriga uripadi.Katta doiraningradiusiqancha?R=?

Y*chish: O1O2O3 uchburchak-tomoniubunligi6 sm bo'lgantengtomonli uchbwchak.Unga
radiusi R = +
shtrixlabtashqichizilganuchbr.u'chakning =
*{ J
= rJt Katta doiraningaylana
{r
barobar3 smuzoqlikdajoylashgan.
shtrixlabchizilgandoiraningaylanasidan OrA=3,O2B:3,
O3C:1.Shuninguchunshtrixlabchizilgandoirining radiruiga3 ni qo'shamiz. J: R = 2"8 + z

I Agar masaiashanidaraciiusi3smbor&gan to'rita kichkinadoilaiarbir-birigaurinaditieyiisa,

ularnimarkazlarini
tutashtirsak,
tomoni6 sm bo'lgankvadrathosilbo'ladi.Shukvadratga tashqi
chizilganaylananingradiusiga3 ni qo'shsak,kaltaaylanhraduisichiqadi.
.f. Agar masalashartidaradiusi3smbo'lgan oltita kichkinadoiralarbt-biriga ulinadideyilsa,ulami markazlaiinitutashtirsak"
tomoni6 sm ho'nganoitiburchakhosil bo'tradi.Shuoltiburchakkatashqi,c,trizilgan
aylar,aningradir:siga3 ni qo'shsak,kattaaylana
raduisichiqadi.
fvl' 600li sektorichigaehizilgandoii'asektor radiuslatigavayoyiga uringan.Sektorningradiusi5 sm
hcr'lsa,doirawzinechasm:?
Yer.lrislr;OA:AC:6, OrD:R, OD=R.8, OA2:2R, Gfir?.
bo'lsaOO]:R bo'laqli.a2C:R, OC:3R:6, R:2" J: S= 4n 0

+99899.014.65.61
 tr ga teng ho'lgait
h4uirtazarnuehtlurthak ioltiga chiziigan, nadiuslari
',,auehtr$rchakka urinadi' Ivluntazam uctrrtiurchakyuzini Xriscblang'
ucXadoira bin-birlga
g:!L - rzr- zJifJi - tzt-2"4-:f.Jl- (16+8]6hE
\'+c liir l,: BC= i
't t/l , S- t+
4 4

=s+zJt)'l!="F+a
[:o'ra I burchakteng
Urinmava liesut,chining5 ta xossasihor edi. ShuningZ'xrtssas'tga
2 ga i:o'linadi.

j
2- To'rtburchak t'a a-vianaxossalarl
tomonlaii
qarama-qarshi
T,n'rtbrrchaklzir-hH aylanachizisll uchun,uning
uningyuzl:
ttng'oo'iisfuyasnl4a+c=b+al'(l-rasrrr) Shunda
1,-ig'iu,iisi

o'rtasidaYoudi.

M:ABCDtomniI0smbo'lgankvadratvaolmarkazliaylananingdiametriSsm.
= +Ji '
Kichkina a,viarar-,ire ndrusi qancha? Y*cliisir: AC rcJt va AOr
4 J 2+ 4 + R - F - = r ' - r y 5: n = e i T
-q, J: R= vtz -z

A l o D

qolganil"ki uchi esaaylanagaurirrtr:adayotsa'

{.vl:Agar krarl.atningikki uchi R ladiusli aylanada, -
iomonini2a debbelgilashkiritamiz' o1 aylana
kvadratdiago*ii uzunliginitoping. Yc'i:liish:Kvadrat
oE--a, op=r-o. Kosinuslarteoremasidan:
markazi,o-kr-adrat markazi.tAool=450. ot=r,
t; 5a24ar=0, o ={,
.2?
12=tt.-at2-( o5 ;:-2{r-a) tJz tt:r2-2ar+a2+"a2-2ar+2a2,

I :D = 2 J 2 a =
+==E
+
\ { P

ichki chizilgan'
[r4;Tomonio ga tengbo'lganABCDkvadrat aylanaga
ItC iomolltda'
EFPIIIrirafialnrngEF [omoni beriigankvaciratrrrng
,itlvaPuchlariesaayianadayotadi.EFMPkvadratningtomonini
toping.x= i Yechish: Rasmnikattalashtiribyarmini chizamjz'

,i "{ =
BatenS or + rL' = I rr =
OC va oP aylanaracliusla i

* - = + 4x2
a2+4ax +4ax-az=0' " p = ! ; - o t , t
+x2=?tt2'5xz
orp rBUdan(;. r' -(;l =[9'' $ * or " + +'
aylananingradiuslariquyidagichatopiladi:
3. l,'untazamko,pburchakkaichki va tashqichizilgan

--l|
f--^' Bunda a -ftilnlaz m ko'pburchaktotnonlnmg

l ' ="IEf u, l l - = ; @ 1 " ^ n t i s i ' n - t o t n o n t a r s o r ' i

| I
a
aylanaradiuslarinitoping'
tomoni8 gatengbo'lsa,ungaichki va tashqichizitgan
: Muntazamoltiburchakning
' : ; ; r8y =- @8 - -2r T+- = 4 . 1 1 o = ; f u . = r r * o u = - - E= t
J6
----6 2'i
6 ./3

f'.fJ'&0.Q0 +99899 i4.t55.61

 Muntazamko'pburchaklar uchunxususiyhollar:
(l-rasnt)
Uchburchak: D '=# D R=
a
3\h,:^1:, 4)R:2'r \h:n+r= &
J3
--
(Z-rasm) tl r=! D R=fr ! R Jz .r 4) h:Zt'

k: (3-rasm) l) , = "f, 2)R=a 3) d;.,fja=2'v 4) dr:)a=2P

2-rasm

a n a
j )

iol, RadrUStan o raBanqayrsnnrng

i m bo'igang'artaklarni nechametri r'=r'
uzuntlg^I
yectrish: eayishningfinligi (perimetii)+iu t.smu, Ztu 1200li va 2ta 600li
yoyt* U otigi yig'inAisigaGng.Uchtaaylanamarkazlarinitutashtksak,tomoni
-
2 galengbo,iganmuntazamuchburchakhosil bo'ladi. 4 ta kesma 4.2=8m.
ABqoz-tdgri to'rtburclah tr,,=llgo k t=*' $n={no'fr't=!

r : P : 8 + 2+ * ? ' + : 8 + ? : r
lsm bo'lsa,shtrixlangan
'M:' PT varim avlanalaruchunumumiy urinma.Aylanalarradiuslari
? Y*hisli: PToroz to'g'ri 2 ta 900Ii sektomivuzinr
to'rtburchakyuzidan
r#;;;i;;;#
yuzidanbitta e gradusli'
ayirsakyuqoridagibo'yalgansohaningyuzi hosllbo'taOi(Sr). TBUning
yuzi hosil
bitta 900- a gmduslisektorlamiyuzalariniayirsak,pastdagibo'yalgansohaning
bo'ladi.So'ngulami qo'shamiz.PTOTOz ningyuzi - 2'l=2 sm2' S"'k : 2+' t' el = t

: 6 **, t,u, = * =
I Oz 5r:2- ., TBUningbir katetiI sm,ikkinchisiGlr E

- €; ld2 + l - a + 9 9 0 -:a4 5 o : t ' ' r = +

r - r ,*uskz s e k . =+G t' +='.+-+
"+'s2='-t*4

' O z OO2Auchburchakuchung4z:1Rr+r)2-(Rz-I)2:4Rzr OA= W

RrRr
z"Fffi+1fr,)
AB=oB+oA=o,c= OrOzCuchburchakuchun
=r/*tk
qc = ,fuRtil.
Itr-r )'-{R -R,1'=4atq'
O1C2:(R2+R1

t
-l - r\
+/nr,|=2JR1R:
zJr[Jn' I=-L.-L
.Jr .lRz
Jar

dnira ichlti chizilgan.trchkichizilgaudoira-

' ft sdiusli yarim cloiragadiametri,Rbo'lgan
'pvl:
gu',br"tiu; i* ago-.ga va uning diametrigawinadiganqilib ilckitaichki doira
ini"itgun. e g* y*i* doiraning'unga ichki chizilgandoiratrarga kirmaganqismi
yuzinitoping"ilgohish:Buyuzanitopishuchunyarimdoirayuzidanbittakattava
-
ikkita kichkinacloirayuzalariniayiraiaiz'Yarirn doira yuzi t&2 / 2
'2 ..2
.'^
|' - {\ 4J - " 1I = J z n " = a o t ,
2R=R2/4+R.r, r=pJ4. iehkichizilgankattarJoiraytzi-rR.2'/ttr
uriumavakesuvehixossasidanolAz=(zfu):s/z.{Nz'-zr},

+998!9"014.65.61
Ikkitaldchk;ina -,
doira1,r:eatrari :
# +
l-lamfc'ydalanish
( Yoki O*:r-r:,8 fenghkrlan mumkin.)

: "i t

Fj: h{arkaziyLrurchagi1200fro'lgandoiraviysektorged.oiraich|:i chirilgan. Agar herilgairr

doiraningradiusift ga teng bo'lsa,ichki chizilgandoiraningl'adiusinitopiltg" r = I
"iechisrh:AOfx, Otn:r::O')C debbelgilashkiritamiz. CIA:R/Z. OD:R. AD:R/Z=t+r
LIO'C TBU rian OC:CI01/2:R/4+x/2 CCr;:(R/4+x/2)Jl =r bundanx ni topaniir.
x/2=r/,!l -R/,1, x:Zr/ Jl -A/Z .r ni AD:RJ/Z=;+r tenglikkaqo,yarniz.
D RJz:2r/J, -R/2+r, p=2v1.,!l +r, Jt a=zr+ Jf r, Ji n:Q+ Ji lr',

, = ^f E irratsionallikdan
qutqarsak,.!r , = nJz(z-J, A
z+vJ

To'g'ri burchaklilBC uchburchakda BD gipotenuzagatushganbalandlik.

r; -ABD uchburchakkaichki chizilganaylananingradiusi,
12-CBD uchburchakkaichki chizilganaylananingradiusi,
i'- ABC uchburchakkaichkichizilganaylananingradiusinir1Y4.I'2
T-:t
orqaliifodalasaU : Jri2 + 4 2rr2+ 2rl
lr lbo'ladi.

"Aruimed piclng'i" debataluvchichizmaI'a formula: r - kichkinayarimdoiraradiusi

R -kattayarim doiraradiusi.,S- bo'yalgansohayuzi. lS: d"l
r:3 va H= 6'JT bo'lsa,bo'yalgansohayuzini toping.
J'vf:
q6=zn&-, n=q. S=9.kr=27n

Cheva teoremasi: ABC uchburchakdaAA1 , BB1 va CCr kesmalarrichburchakichidagi bir nuqtadakesishsa,

o'nnti:
ushbutenglik =t
ffi # ffi

FAZ-0 K#RptFJAfA Slgfre'{A5'"

1. 'Ucfro'kfiwfi f,eQgrfFgr[inatasistemasi
2. g,fuqtaningte{isfift{agi proyQjsilasi'
3. T'{uqtanisimmetri{f,"o'cfririsli'
4. IF,ft nuqta orasidagi masofa'
5. lVu4tatano'qgacfi.a \o'Qan masofa'
yoi! tefristiftgacfra
6.'l(evnnninga'rtasi.
og'ir[ifrmarfotzi.
7,'Ucfrhurcfrafuting
8. to'g'ri cfriziqtengfnmai'
g. Kesmnni\erifgannis1atda6o'tkfi'
10.{o'g'ri cftizipfarotasidagi|urcfiafu
11.Direafifunfr1i1ai
+99899.014.65.61
 x - absissa
1'Birnuqtadanchiquvchi3taperpendikulyarto'g'richiziq,ularningharikkitasi y - ordinata
orqalio,tuvchi3tatekislikhamdaulardaolinganbirlikkesmalarbirgalikdaDekard z- aplikata
fazo kordinata sistemasideyiladi'
2.Fazodaginuqtaningkordinatasi A(x;y;z)' M: C(0'5;-1;4)
l z
son saqlanib'qolganlariga
Biror o'idagi nuqtaningkordinatasiniyozishdao'sha o'qdagi
-8 yoziladi'
nol yoziiadi. M'-Z o'qidagi nuqta(0;0;-8) kabi
Nuqtaningtekislikdagiproyektsiyasiquyidagicha aniqlanadi: M: A(1;2;3)berilgan'
'9+ E > 4*"(1;0;3)'"'
Anuqtaning.rytekislikdagipr'oyektsiyasi A-"(1;2;0)'
proyektsiyasiniyozing'
1l' (4;0;0) B(5,4;e;-^E ) nuqtaningZ o'qidagivayz tekislikdagi
-:a B,(0;0;-,E ), v r'Bu"(0;e;-"[)
qolganlariqararna-
ko'chirsak,o'shao"q yoki tekislikdaginuqtalarqolib,
3. Nuqtanrbiror o,qgayoki tekislikkanisbatansi*iretrit : -f+ cv(l;2;-3)
simmetrikl<o'lhjramiz: >c"{l;-2;3)"
almashadi.
qarshisiga I4; c(-1;2;3) nuqtanioz va a1to'qlariganisbatan
-'4C*"(-l;-2;3)'
Oxzva Oyztekislikka nisbatansimmetlikko'chiramiz: .-4.b*A2'3}
qarama-catshisiga
barchasi
ko'chirsak , %+-c(l;-2;-3)
almashadi'
KOrOlnaIa ou$rrrB,a luDu4r4r ri*rr,"rik
ffiffi;r;;;;ruatJn nuqtaningkordinatasiquyidagichatopiladi:
c
*i- A(x,;yr) va B{xz;yz)nuqtalarc(xo;yo)nuqtaganisbatansimmetrikko'chganbo'lsa,
simmetrikbo'lsa,a va b ni toping'
^:'i
*ra
,o: # ) M: A(-4;a) va B(b;3)nuqtalarC(2;l) nuqtaganisbatan

2:-3!-; r:";t J : b = 8 ,a = _ l
keladi' M' A(-l;a) - C(4; l)
ko'chirsak,A/(y;x) onrqtaga
A(x;y) nuqtani y=x to'g'richiziqqa nisbatansimmetrik
keladi' 1vl:A(-l;4) - A/(-a;l)
A(x;y) nuqtani !:xto;g'.i ct iziqqanisbatansimmeffikko'chirsak,A'(-y;-x) nuqtaga
,4nuqtashuto'g'richiziqda
i,]:A(n;3)nuqtaning5-3x+1to'g'richizig'igako'ra.simmetrigio'zibo'lsa,n=?Yeohish:bu
yotadi degani, 3:J61, n=213
Wl'A
+ 5kx+bto'g'richiziqningy=ato'g'richiziqqanisbatansimmetriktenglamasi -^ ai-..1;..r..t* r^.r-,t.L)
y+Z=Lo'qga nisbatansimmetrik bo'lsa' k va b ni toping' Yc{jhish:-3x-b+2'(-2)=
{vf: Agar 53x+b va 5kx-l to'g'ri chiziqlor J: I*3' b:3
-3-k, -b-4:1, b=-3 bo'lishi kerak'
kx-l " -3-x-b-4= kx-l, bu tenglik ayniyatbo'lishi uchun
to'g'ri chiziqtenglamasini tuzing'
Itlz y :zf- to,g'ri chiziqniy=J to'g'ri chiziqqanisbatansimmetrigibo'lgan

Y c c h i s yh :: - * - - 4 + z ' 3 , Ltr:-{t+$
-F ,:lo<+b to'g'ri ii"iqnr'n, *=o to'g'ri chiziqqanisbatansimmetriktenglu u'i V4+t+I, f,
'r'cehish:
nisbatansimmetrikbo'lsa,k va b ni toping'
va 5kx-l to'g'ri chiziqlarx-1=0 o'qga
., M, Agagp3t+b b+6-1' b-7bo'lishikerak' J: ft- J' [:/
-3x+b+2.1.3:kx-1,-3*+b+6:kx-l , buienglikayniyatbo'lishiuchun-3:k'
tuzing'
'
M, y: -++ 3 to,g,ri chiziqqa x=-2 io'g'ri chiziqqanisbatansimmetrikbo'lganto'g'ri chiziqtenglamasini

Y c c h i st ,h=:i * + 3 + 2 ( - 2 X - I t: ! * * 2 " ! t'v:E+Z

y:kx+b to,g,ri chiziqning;r=1to'g'richiziqqanisbatansimmetriktenglamasiY:*4

tenglamasinitwing'
M: 1)y:3t+5;2)v =-=+" to"g"ri chiziqqa y=x tlch.qanisbatansimmetrik bo'lgan to'g'ri chiziq
r 5 : - *-
2) Awal ko'rinishinict"zgartirarniz,, : -t* - J v = -5x - 4
Y c e h i s h1:)j a v o b y: : Z * - i * !,, AE "

\:' 5kx+b to'g'ri chiziqningy=-x to'g'ri chiziqqanisbatansimmetriktenglamasi

tuzing'
i:'i;i)l-3xt5; 2)y :-Z * n ta"g,ti chtziqqat---.x t/ch.qanisbatansimmetrikbc'lgan tc'g'ri chiziq t+nglam.liini

tr)jai,ob:
Y*ctrirh: t,:t"+! 2 ) j a v o b :y : - 2 ; - + - L - Y:-2\-2
-f(2x6x)+2yo ko'rinishgakeladi.Bundankelib
q" Ixtiyoriy y:/(.rJ tunksiyani B(xo;yo)nuqtaganisbatansimmetrikko'chirsak,y=
ko'chirsak' 2xo-x)-b+ k9ladi,
ko'rinisirga
cluqadtki,y:kx+b ta'g"ri chiziqniB(xa;yfi nllqtaganisbaiansinrarnehik
- -
llisbatansimmetrikko'chirsak ,y = -a{Zxe - "}2 - b{2xs ;c} c + ZYg
ilo la$il.
5axz+bx+c paraLrolani(x6;y6) nuqtaga
y-- -2(2'4-fl+n+2'3, I=2x*9 kc'rinishgakeladi'
M, tr)y=2x-1 to,g,richiziqniA(a;3)nuqtaganisbatansimmetrikko'chirsak,
pr1:1)y:x2-5x-.3parabolani(2;ll nuqtaganisbatansinometrik bo'lganfunksiyasini toping'
y:-v?+-j-'r-r3
Y e r r h i s lvr := - I ' Q . ' 2 - x 7 2 + 5 ' ( 2 ' 2 - ' t l - 3 + 2 ' 1 : - 1 6 + 8 x - r 2 + 2 0 - 9 r ' n "

+t9899.fi14.65.63
 lrl'e hiring
ga rrishatali si:trr:-ie'ii-ik
S,= t n i 1-iarabol*r.i d-{.-2:-}}
-
- - -
Yertiirih: J, : 42 - e4j - 42 - i -r 2{.-3)='-tr6'- &x x2 n 6, 1t: -xz - u*x ?3
day: -f(x.)fernksiya
lcko"chiiilgan hrrsiibo'ladi'
da 't1 hositho'ladi"
fur'ksiya
nk ko'chirilgan 1t=fi-
ratansimmetl'ikko'ctrrirganday:-f(-x)fi;nksi5'ahosinlro'ladi'
talisimmetrikkt'cliirgand;r1=-f(x,|--2titfunl'=ivahosilbo,ladi.
an sirnrnetrikko'chirganda;r-ftZm-x) funksiyahosii bo'iadli'
tansimmetriliko'chirgancla'x1ffl funtsiyahosilbo'lal ekan'
ht + ls = f t ry l uo,t,ai
to,g,t.lcliiziqqanisbatansimmeu.ikklr,chirganda
Xtiosa:Ir.ti;;cri1,-l,d,,r:)filnksivaiai.v:/t-l_+& \ n . t

4'./r(;.:r;!l'3l).,,aB1x2;y2;z2}rruqta1arorasidagig12151rfa|*|:ffibilantopiia.1i.
:Jzs :Jn
N(3;2;-l) 1,n'4:@
rvr.I,,It'-jrl:0j. "t-'r
tengbo'lsin';r=l
undanB(0;2;2)r'ac(3;l;0)nuqtalargachabo'lganmasofalar
fu1:o-1r6,qijsl,shundaylnuqtanitopingki"
'rlechirli: Demak. I nuqtaniirgkordinatasi - A(0;v;tl) va masalashartigako'ra lABl=lACl

= $ , ' z - 4 v . ' s 'l e c l : J ; r - r l t - o ' = J " t z ' - r c ' ' v z - 4 v + 8 = v z - 2 v ! r2o1' t : - 2 ' I : v : - 1
pBl=,[i*12-;-,2'
masofanitopishuchunawal shunlqtanilg o'q.dagi'vokitekislikdagi
S.Nuqtadano,qgachai'oki tekislikgachabo'lgan "f-lt
A(1;-l;3) nuqtadanox o'qi$achavayz
qo'yamiz.
*rasofanitopishformulasiga
topamiz'a ikk.inuqta-orasidagi
proyektsi.v-asini
masofani toping',l'"(1;0;0)l'az'l:{trF;C tf - (o- 'f : A' A"(0;-i;3)
tekislisigacha bo'lgan
t r--i - | - 1 f + ( 3 - 3 f : I
, r______-=-_________.
A A ) = l = J 1r o
- teng'
o'rta arifmetigiga
berilganbo'lsakesmao'rtasiningkordinatasi moskordinatalar
6. KesmaikliiiauchiningkorrJinatalari
+---+---.--- Cf
t,
: "= :24L#42] bu fo,*,rto ikki o'lchor,li kordinatasistemasiu-n hamo'rinli'
B (x?i)'liz2l / L1r ',i /
,4 t.r1il'i:;1) c

+:'i'tt -o=o;t t '=-t;' J:I!(5;-6;5)

f v l : K e s m a r i n g b i r u c h i A ( 3 ; a ; - i ) v a o ' fct (a4s;i- l ; 2 ) b o ' i s a , i k k i n c h i u c h i n i t o p i n g '
uning kordiratasiuchburchakuchlarimos kordin'atalad
7. Lrchburchar_ cg'irlik markazibu - medianalarkesishishnuqtasibo'lib,
reng. ful:AgarABC uchbwchakdaA(8;-5)' B(2;s)r'a c(-?;-9)
a,r1aarifinerigisa
\ . -
"(A:+B,oat#ot""+'3) -s{-g" J: O(1;-3)
medianalari kesishgan nuqtaningkordinatasini aniqlang' o[e+?-r I
ba,lsa.uchbu:chak \ J 5 , /

1v1:ijchlariA(3:-2:1)'B(3;0;2)vaC(1;2;5)nuqtalardabo,lganuchbur.chakningBDrnedianasiva
o'ttasi va
kattaliginitopinq.l'echish:D nuqtaAc kesmaning
A tomoniorasidagi bulchakning
=k, ;4=JP+,'?+,':\ =r;
tB4=Jt?-o"-"
; :;:,;;t;;:o;*
4; *'u=6' tl =450
K r r s i n u s l a r i e o r e m a s5i d=a9n+:2 - 2 ' 3 J l ' * ' o ' '

ir1:Rombningsimmeiriyao'qlari tenglamasi x:l vay:2'

Uning tomoniaridan birining o'rtasi ( 1,5 ; I ) nuqtadajoylashgan'
Ronrbuclilariningkoordinatalarinitoping'
Y*,:hish:Dema-k,iavob (l;0) 0;$ Q;2)

chiziq tenglamasi: : =
8" A(xr;l,r)va B(;,;yz) ikkita nuqtaorqaii o'tuvchi to'g'ri # ]* ffi

Bu formulaikk o'lchovli kordinatasistemasiuchunhamo'rinli' x-3 - l-4 3x-9=l-4

r-? Y-4
chiziqtenglamasiniruzing' z - z - t - c -l -3 ! =3x-'5
M; A(3;4)va B(2;1)nuqtalarorqalio'tuvchito'g'ri
Il-usul. 5kx+b tenglamasiorqali topishmumkin'
tuzing' o(0;0;0)
boshidano'tuvchito'g'richiziqtenglamasini
2-misol. A(2;-1;5)vakor.dinata
*-? =Zt=;-lbt-rol 5 x - 1 0 = - l o v - 1-0- 2 2 - r c J : 5 x= - 1 u t = 2 2
tuzing'
tenglamasini
,!, Srrot;ilk ;;hi;ri;i"s koordinatarariberlgan: A(z;3;-r)n(r; -2;0) vac(-3;z',2\'AD mediana
iborat'
chiziqdanto'g'ri
o'tuvchi
A vaD nuqtalardan
ffiffH;#;;il;;; ii.**lf"*aI . D(-l;0;r). ADmediana
-
. +99899.014.65.61

I
 x-2 =y-3 _z+1 L x-2 : y-3 _ z+L
-1-2 0-3 1+l -3 -3 2 Bu AD mediananing kanonik tenglamasidir.

9. Kesmaninguchlariberilganbo'lsa, nrllin :n nisbatdabo'luvchi,nuqtaning

kordinatasiquyidagichatopiladi:
rL\ -f nrxt nv + nxvl ,72' + tnz.
" n+nI n+nz n+rr1 A(x1;y1;21) C(x6;ye;26) B(x2;y2;22)
ivf: UchlariA(-2;a;D va 8(0;3;2) bo'lganlABlkesmani3:2nisbatda
bo' luvchi C nuqtaningkordinatasinianiqlang.
o=-f;^:24#:t, ,,=+l+z=Z ccf;f ;ss)
?t3
""=2
M' UchlariA(-2;2;5) va B(4;2;-l) bo'lgan AB kesmadaC va D nuqtalarshundayolinganki,bu nuqtalarAB kesmanitenguch qismga
ajrakdi.C vaD nuqtaning
kordinatalarini
toping. :
#: +, 4# + A(-2:2;5) C(x1;y1;21)D(x2;y2;z) B,(4;2;-l\
AC:cB=l:2kabinisbatda =, ,r:2 ?i)2
=z o : ?-f$CU =': c(a;2;r)
" = ' yuqoridagidek
'\ljit'o
AD:DB:I:2 kabi nisbatdadeb formulabilan yechsahambo'ladi yoki osonusuli ikki nuqtaning(C va B) o'rtasini
foydalanamiz:x2=(0+4):2=2"y2=(2+2):2=2,y,={J-l):2=1. D(2;2;I)
topishusulidan

10.52x-4 va 5 -3x+l to'g'li chiziqlarorasidagibulchaknitoping.

Uchbwchakburchaklarixossasigako'ra p+a=p, q=P-d.(l-rasm)Tenglikningikkalatomonini

tangensfavmiztge = tgIF - a) te4 = bundan rL tetiuctriqaai.

l,rr:
l*'
,o:r-
l 4 9 i ' r r t I1
-7-)
tEQ=-'*-=l I: rp=454

a - bu 5kx+b to'g'ri chizig'iningOx o'qiningmusbatyo'nalishiFn hosilqilganburchagi.

/ - bu y=kx+b to'g'ri chizig'iningo.vo'qining manfiy yo'nalishib-n hosil qilganburchagi.
z - bu y:kx+b to'g'ri chizig'ining oy o'qining musbatyo'nalishib-n hosil qilganburchagi.-
p - bu 5kx+b.to'g'ri chizig'iningoy o'qiningmanfiyyo'nalishib-n hosilqltganburchagi.
F1:2x-y= -2 to'g'ri chiziqningOy o'qining manfiyyo'nalishibilan hosil qilganburchagini,
2-rasm p ni toping.Y*chish:y:2x+2, k=2, tgl,=2, J,=aretg2,2-rasmdagiTBU dan ni topsak,
)
=900-arctg2bo'ladi, ,u qo'shniburchaklar,F=tgO0-(gO0-arctg2), I..p=Qgo+67s1g2
\ F

ll. Direxli funksiyasi -bunda ar boshqa-boshqa

oraliqlaridafunksiyaturli
grafiklardaniboratbo'ladi

[--v2+3: -2<x<2
fvt:/ = tH-:r,-'*<lz,* > : l L t - Ij - z : x < 5
t ' t ' 1r/ = < r
An.

l_x+4; x>5
A.S. r -istalganson A,S. r -istalganson
Q.s. v>- l Q.S. y -istalganson

TengsizliHar
sistemas
i
yechimlarito'plamini lxz + yz <-9
toping. I x + . 1> 0 y)-;r
:i',i lr-Zy<0 y2x/2

(.::i* J: Sektor
[x-y+2>0 [ y <x + 2
lx-v-l<0 lu>;r-l
] yir>o 1'yr-t
[ -r-3<0 | "<3
J: trapetslya

f i ' i ; l . v l + l ! - . 1 1 < 4s o h a l r . r z itnoip i n gl,' e c h i r l i : l y - t l < - l x l + a ; lxl-4<y-t<-lxl+4

. (-<-lvl*f ^ , r
l-vl-J<y<-l.rl*, TomoniN2 gatengkvadratning ynrziJ: Jl
" 1,r!iif1,'
Fastdagitengslzlikda
U.tgi> bo"lg;ni uchunchizmadasrrelkalar
wqoriga qaratilgan,

0 < y < 3 shartigaquyidagilardarr

ftl: Shakldagishtrixli sohaniifodalashr.rchern qaysibirini qo'shishl<-k?
A)x+y<3 B)x+y>3 C).r-y>3 D)x-y<3 E) x-t-.v > 3
,
l
i
+99899,012$.65.61
 | +:t-r!. s;<0
M: l(ri:'l-"1 +s'. ;J6 funksiyaherilgan f(f (2))nitoping. Yetlris;iir;laro'miga2qo'yistrrirnizkerak.2sonipastrlagi
tunksivaniiigshailini i:r > 0 ) qanoatiantiradi. Shuninguchun2 ni pasttiagitunksiyagaqo'yamiu: f (il: --Q\3+5:-4
f(f@):f(-3), -3 soniyuqoddagifrinksiyaningshartiniix<0) qanoatlantiradi. Shuninguchue-3 ni yuqoridagifunksiyagaqo'yamiz:
t9 = 4'(-3)+i= -1 t J; -11
"f
[ 4 - - " - - r i. :. ; < &
li: .t ('r.r= i-;i ;5 ,. ,, jo funksiltsbsrllgan i'(i q'0))rri toping. i'r:q:iii*l:;; Iar o'miga 0 qo'yishirniz leerale.
{-'tsontpast.dagi
firnlesiyaning thruring uchun0 ni pastdagiflmlcsiyagaqo'yamiz: "f {O)=-O1rtot= t
shartini( x > 0 ) qanoatiantii:adr,
5 soni hampastdagifunksiyaning ahartini( r > 0 ) qanoatlantiredi. Shuninguchun 5 ni pastdagifi-rnksiyagaqo'yamiz:
f (5)= -{.s)3+s=
-r2$ J: -1r{r : :
ldlr jy-y'v= 2, 121'+5a=92va I5y+x:31 to'g1richiziqlarbilan chegaralangan
uchburchakning
kichik tomoniuzunliginitoping.
Irf{rftr:;, ,r,r, I-Ichburchak,:ehlanningkorrJinatalari
A(a;6)Bil;2)c(l6;t)
1r1J,;?:=3,,otu, I'ilr:'::::i {16;r)
la\:Js+te =s, pq="hu+x =ti. rrq=JnsA =Jfr,=Ej .!: AB=S

VFKT#f<"L,4R

1. 'l/eftgor.
2. Qe|ynrning Egr{inatasi
3.'I/eftorning uzunfigi.
1:
4. Qef;gmni songa fot'payh*fr.
5. I{offinearvekgor.
6.'/e Nnr{arfr,o'paymasi.
7. IffiveQjor orasifagi0urcfrafr
8. rBirfi{vefrgor
9. I(ompfanar aeQlorfar.
10.'l/eF,lorkryig'infui aaayirmasi.

1, Yo'nalishgaegabo'lgankesmagavektor deyiladi.Vektorlar2 xil belgilanadi: l) ikkita boshharf bilan-

bunda1-harfvektorningboshini,2-harfuning oxirini (uchini)bildiradi. z)bittakiehik harfbilan. A -
nuqtalarberilganbo'lsa AB va BA vektorningkordinatalali:
t. A(x1;y';21)va B(x2;y2;22)
,:-jt. :z-:t ;:, Ti';:,-::1; i't-i,2;r7:2,\ l:abitcpilaCi. 14'A(-3;'l;n)-.'aB(4;-2;l)be'l,se,.6 (l:-+;i, fr'?l;t;-t)
fr i.trr-,,,,
3. Vektorning uzunligi- uningrnoduliyokiabsolyufmiqdorideyiladi va i vektorning uzunligild I kabibelgilanadi.Vektorni
uzuniigi quyidagichatopiladi:
a) agarvektorning berilganbo'lsa a (r,y;z) uninguzuniigi:l a l= Jr' * ),2+ zz s ?1;3;2), l e F *-02 + 32t'22 = Jl4-
kordinatalari

b)agatvektoruchiatiningkordinatalariberilganbo'Isa,|Tal=@

va B(2;5;r)1fi1:@
A(2;3;-l) =,{0+4*.4=2J;
4. Vektornisongako'paytirishuchun-uning har birkordinatasinishusongako'paytirishkerak.s (x;y;z)b-sa,f'd= flt'x; k'y; k'z)
Veklorlami qo'shgandayoki ayirgandamoskordinatalaribo'yicha amallarbajadladi.

M : o - ( l ; 5 ; - 2 )u u b ' ( - z ; t ; : ) b o ' l s a ,i + f , = ( - l ; 6 ; l ) E-A=?l;^q;s)

M: o-(0,5;-1;01va 6 (l;2;3) vektoriarberilganbo'lsa, i =fr-lE vektorninguzunliginitoping.

2i=0:a;D s6=Fz;e;\ i =zi-ti =(4;-8;-e) 1;pJio+ea+sr
= Jiei
Vektorlamisongako'paytirishningxossalari:
l ) o . a= o D tA:A 3)k.(m'a-;:1t.m1.A qk'1d+a-):k'A+k't s)k'o=o (o -nolvekor)
q a.a=taf T a.i:6.a
5. 1-tarif. Ikkita vektorparallelbo'lsa kollinear vektorlar deyiladi. (l-2-3-rusniat)
1-tait. Yo'nalishtraribir xil yoki qarama-qarshibo'lganvektorlarkollinear vektorlar deyiladi. (1-2-3-rasnilary)
3-rarif. Birbilidan faqatbiror sonmalta farq qiluvchi vektorlarkollinear vektorlar deyiladi. (I-2-.3-rasnilar)
F.0'R0Q0v+99899,0 I 4.65.61
 a - - - f - * - : -
I t
,rlElcl dtirri E ; arti -4,, 3arr;
{-rasm 2-rasm 3-rasm,
Bir xil yo'nalishga ega bo'lgan kollinear vektor'larga yo'nalishdosh vektorlar deyiladi. Ulaming mos kordinatalari nisbati alnan bir
t-
x i l m u s b a t s o n g a t e n gi .b : k ' , l - k o l l i n e a r l i k s h a r t i .M : d ( - 2 ; 7 ; 4 ) , 6 : ( - 3 ; 1 0 , 5 ; 6 ) b o ' l s a , b : 1 , 5 d
Lgark>0 bo'lsa,yo'nalishdoshkoliinearvektor hosil bo'ladi. 1 t
Agark<0 bo'lsa,qarama-qarshiyo'nalgankollinearvektorhosil bo;ladi. ,/ ,/ k>o al r/ k<o
uzunligi3 gatengbo'lganqaramalarshi5 vektorning
f\t A(4;7;4) vektorga kordinatalarini
toping.
yec?risrr:
6=t.li, k<0, 1fi14, E:u.(-+;l;q:F4k;7k;4k)181=.t161r2*agttz*@ 4, J|lkz:3, 8l/ri=9,k=tl/3
qarama-qarshiyo'nalganbo'lganiuchun k=-1l3, t=
k<0 nitanlaymiz: -!el+=Q,-t:!l
s;$il,,4'$'i\.3Ar uchtanuqtabir to'g'ri chiziqdayotishiuchunulardan
Berilgzur yasalgbn
ixtiyoriyikkitavektorkollinearlikshartini
. A E C
bajarishikerak. -;-"--* Ats//AC yoki BAI|BC yoki CAltCB
yotishima'lumbo'lsa,C ningkordinatalarini
iul:A(4;-3;2), 8(6;1;-l) va C(10;y;z)buuchtanuqtabir to'g'richiziqda toping.
frqz;+;-s1 ft6;y+3;z-2) kollinearlikshartiga ko'ra bunday:9, z:-7 Jr C(10;9;-7)
|=+==+,
1 A
ikkita vektominguzunliklari tengva yo'nalishlaribir xil bo'lsa teng vektorlar deyiladi. /A /b
.$lSA,Al'l\'$,.{r A = b , k=l

d'6 = x1x2*y,
Vektorlarningskalyarko'paytmasi- ularninguzunliklaribilan ular orasidagiburchakcos. ko'paytrnasigateng. a . b= H . 1*6' -' 1 .
*i . r".= - bunda vektorlaming boshi bir nuqtada bo'lishi kerak,
7. Ikki vektororasidagiburchaknitopsak: c o s d =
Bo'lmasa ulardanbirini parallel ko'chirish kerak.
l at . l bI
fi: a (1;-1;5)va b (4;-2;l)vektorlarorasidagiburchaknitoping.
cosa=:+=, ltP:-=-JLrr:=-lL
F ll r l J t i r + x . J 6 + 4 + r Ji.Jzl eh
E,$L;{Tj\$"A:ikkita vektor kollinearbo'lsa, ular orasidagiburchak00, ikkita vektor qarama-qarshi
yo'nalganbo'lsa,ular orasidagr
burchak1800.*'lr=, tapf AtJE bo'lsaoivaF vektorlarningskalyarko'paytmasinitoping.
- ? ' e c h i sAhb; l i l : - l & l c o s a = 2 . 3 . c o s l 8 0 0 : - 6 . I : - 6

S. Uzunligibirgateng bo'lganvektorgabirlik vektor deyiladi.Kordinatao'qlaridayotuvchibirlik veklorlargaortogonal (ort)

vektorlardeyiladi. f 1t;O;O; y-qO;t;O.yF1O;O;t; I t Flr l=
. ltFl 7,j:7.8=j.i:o
A:7 +j +i =(i;1;t) +-i+zj -zE =(+;o;o)+(0;3;0)+(0;0;-\
= g;3;-z)
- i -g ,'.+12t =(-l;0;0)+(0;-8;0)+(0 : (-t;-8;12)
;0;12)
Har qandayvekiomi ortogonalvektor (bazisvektor) yoyilmasiko'rinishidayozishmumkin.
d 1 + ; - t ; e 1 =-+j +
i ai u(o;-z;s)=-zi
+zi
f"l, ;Feff) vektorgayo'nalishdosh
bo'lgan 6 birlik vektomingkordinatalarini
toping. E 1-ZU.AU;ZX|Ia Ft
'lil=r/6k'?*36k'?+9k'?
=1 =i
49kz u =*+ yo'nalishdoshbo'lgani
uchun r=f -1' . \ L 2 . 6 ' .- 31 \. r
7,7
1+"
tsrrolvektorhoshqavektorlarorqaliifodalangan
ho'lsa,bu vekiorgakomplanarvektor deyiladi.
$; it(-1;2), F$;-D va 7p;-17 rrektorlarberilgan.d:th+tr vektorni.frvapvektorlar orqaliifodalang.

a = ifi + 27 = l-t;l + @;-6)= (3;-a) €;-4 = t(-\2)+ p\a;-2) -, [ - z n + u: : -+l

3lt'z 5p:2, /t=+
lz,l-z1t
-;.+t"{=3 A=-+ i: lt=-t**4;, i
$.ti1.,,,e"1'!1.,
r ikkita d (x1;y1)va E $z:yz) vektorningko'paytmasi
nolgaterrgbo,lsa,ularperpendikulyardir..
f
i.n=xt'xz+!r..r?=0 bo"lsa, a=900
" [__-*
fv'l:.{gae'd=r-.-Ftra6:+p-5, vektorlaro'zarc,perpendikulyarba'trsa,
ltvaV birlikvektorlarorasidagi
burchak=? b
Y t , : r r in i : n i o l = n ,I ' i = t , i [ = a 6 :- e p : ' r s i ' z = 4 o l t - 4 t l
r i il = =0,
l i l . c o s a + 5 i i l ' ? 4 - e c o s a - r 5 c=o0s, a = rJ, ; r i = 0 0
M, laF4 tJp:, 4a^i1=560 Aningqand,eyqiyrnaticla {2;-;4,b)veh4,orrl vektorgaperpenclilorlyaibo'tradi'/
V e r : i r i : z. .i,nh-:t " l i l r : s , zl;l,lE1eosffia-s..s=g 2.4.3.o5=a".s" J: A=12/9=4t3
' A(xo;y*o) muqtadan n'tib" d{x;y1} vektolgapenrendikulyar
bo'lganto,g'richiziqtenglanrasi: + -fr.

-r-99899.Q1
fl.O'ftOQr:,1,' 4 n5.6I
 . Aixo;Yojrla,qta arr o'tib, i(a; n) veiitorga paiallel iro'llgan to'g'ri chiziq tenglaniasl: Y{a-iro}::;iUr--Yo)
o'iilavchi to'g'ri chiziq tenglarnasini fi-lzing
lq: .4(n;2)..raB(:$;1llro'lsa, AB to'g't'i cltiziq.qapeqrendili-u!,varva C(2;-lL) ru-rqtadara
3'(x-2)+ (-t)'{y+i):CI, 3r:-fi-y-}=9, 'J: frx-'/-
aE{.1;-t),
ro'g\'[ chiziq tenglamasilri
fv'1:A(l;2i ve B{4;ii'b,o'lsa, Ats fo'g'Eichiziqqa i:arallel va Ci2;-11nrrqtadan o'fuLvchi
--(, - - i

)/ : --=-
-
I

AB(J;-i), -1(;-21=36'yafi, -*1-2=J'v+3,

J

-r'ektcrning urchiga2-r,eidtcmring
boshin! parallel ko'chirartiz
l*. I. veklorlar-niqo'shlshning uchburchak qoidasi: hunda I
Shunia, !-r,ekrollirrg h*sl'lidanZ-veLlolning riichigaLronivchiyig'indi veletor hosil bo'ladi.

; >
h! > aa*ii = nc foi,,Idv,-il = ffi
_---_-->
a
1.-ai:ir.:rrektoming
$,r.rji- boshiva uchinialmashtirsak veklorhosilbo'ladi' 7$ = -n;
"-" oldingachiqadi,ya'ni qarama-qarshi
aa -.ln = DB+ BA= DA' vektorlamingyig'indisi
_ AB Ats fr = _Fa Qalama-qarshi
.--*
<-----.---+ nolgateng. a +1-a;= g &*Te=o

parallelogram
II. vektorlarniqo'shishpingparallelograrnqoidasi: agarikkita vektorningboshibil nuqtadabo'lsa,bu vektorlardan
to'ldiramiz \/ekrorlarningboshlanishnuqtasidanchiquvchi diagonal vektorga yig'indi r:ektor delladi.

b+Z =Atx+ j':g

2 -rasm

IiL Vektoria-'niqLr'shishningko'pburchak qoidasi: l* va 2-rasnt

IV. Vekroriarnialirishninguchburchakqoidasi: bundaikkitavektorhambir nuqtadan boshlanishi kerak.

uchidan( 6 dan)birinchisining
Keyiirgisining a)'irmavektor {'a- E) deyiladi.
uchiga( 7 ga)boruvchi'vektorga
R B .C
, \ B
d,, * a/Yi.:::::; DB=AB-AD:a-E
\-r ,/y
/ \- / \ 5 /..--"\,,
/---'_____>,/D
a n c A l " _\_rasnt
b
3-rasnt 4+'asnt
I'l: tlchburchakning Shuuchburchakning
uchlariA(3;-2;1),B(3;0;2)va C(l;2;6)nuqtalardajoylashgan.
AD medianasi va AI! asosiorasidagibulchaknitoping. llcchish: AB(0;2;'!), D nuqtaBC kesrnaning A

o'ilasi D(2;1:4). lD (-1;3;3). (AD AB)= cosa = F---:": = -# Ii d = arccos--3

''FJrs Jss ,lgs
uchtaketma-ketA(-3;-2;0), B{3;-3;i) va c(5;0;2)uchlariberilgan'Zt rufr
pJ, Farallelogramning B
burchak E. - OrllcE a nrngbo'luvchilarivig'indisi a gateng.a ning bo'luvchilari
vektorlaiLrrasidagi
DiagonaliarkesisliishnuqtasiO bo'tib bu AC kesmaning
s,jniriitoping. Yecl:rrsh: o'rtasidir:O(1;-1;1) q
C nuqtaBD kesmaning hamo'r'tasiekanligidan D(-l ; I ; l), ZZ<a 2 ;4, EA4 A'fll o
-32+8+0 -24 - I
--
w'le-ffi.ffif,a1 - 2' a =12G0, -GJicgnao = 6; 6 iringbo'luvchilariA
6Jt 4,1,
i +2+j+6=I 2: a; NBS(I 2)--223t = 12+t)(t+ 1)=3.2=6ta J:5

14: Uchbwchakmedianalariningkesishishnuqtasi- O. OA+ oB + OC yig'indini toping'

Ycchislr: OE * oZ ni topishuchunparallelogramqoidasidanfoydalanamiz,sababi,bu
vektorlarningboshibir nuqtada.ParallelogramqoidasigaYo'ta & * of = oE
tdaoE I sababi, kesishish
medianalar bo'linadi'O;3-2x,
2:1nisbatda
nuqtasida
OO1=,r.OOr=OrD=x.A"oB :o:A-sababi bularqarama-qarshi vektorlar k 6

+99899.014.65.61
 1)".."

M, o,4BTBU.
IG+4dlru bo'rsa,76.oE:?ye$rrirrr:
A(-6;8) Ao=E6+44=r0,
oB:20.
TBUdan ^1-B=3a0,
lo=6ae IHtiy,,ektororasidagibzu'chaknitopish-r+chunularbirw,mtadan
boshlanisltikerak.ShuninguchunJZ vektorniparallelko'chiramiz. rBoA, =12go

A o . o B I A O l . l O B| . c o s a : 1 0. 2 0. ( - 0 5 )= - 1 0 0

f"l, i0 ;s;-t), 6Ct ;tp) vektorlarberilganbo'lsa, ?i2 -GE + sizni hisoblang.

Y c c h i s h2: { l + 9 + l ) - 4 ( - l + 3 - 2 ) + f l + 1 + 4 ) : 2 Z - O + 3 A= 5 2 J: 52
fvl:Agar noldanfalqli i va b- vektorlarninguzunliklari tengbo'lib, F = d -i uu d: Sd- + vektoro,zaroperpendikulyarbo,lsa,
JvaD- vektororasidagiburchaktopilsin.Yechislr:shartgako'ra,ldHEt, FtO, sEz-udi+62:o, g3}z-*;3casa.
13=l4cosa, as a =13/14, Jt q : arccos\3/I4
ptl'-ErvaZ2o'zaroperpendikulyarbirlikvektorlarbo'lsa, nibping. yeclrish:shartgako,ra,
lZr-zGr*,+ZSl
r I Z1fiEs" t w
l ' I

i, LZr, =n t;F ?.I 4 8 l a f lZ 2l . c o s 9 O+o6 4 . 1

fi: Jvabnokoliinearvektorlarberilganbo'lib,
1i4ipz bo'lsa,1d+a';bilan 1a--ayqandayburchaktaslikiletadi?
Y e c h i s hl 0: - r e j a 5 - r a s m g a k o
A'*rE
a:7t, A-E=DE, &^oE)=cos6r= -a2-Ez =4-4:o,
9?tf:EL a=soo
la+bi.li+bl
M' i:i+zi-E, E:7-zi*i, ;:i-;+E v e k t o r l a r b r e r i l gZ
an . i v e k r o r l a r g a p e r p e n d i k u l y a r bi .oJ,:l -i b6 ,
va
shartniganoatlantiruvchi J vektornitoping.Y*chish: i1z;z;-t1, E$;-2.$, Z1z.;-t;t1va ittlrr>shartga ko,raZ t.i, E ta,
[?*+3v-z =0
li-'27*{, =6 .(l) tq4$q (3) ten$_ikni qo'shamiz. - \ 7[4x+2y x + i y = 0=-6 .v=-3,
( 1 ) n i 3 s k o ' p a y t i r i b - ( 2 ) 9q o ' s h a m i z . y=i' 13' J: d(-3;3;3)
lL!iii=--"e
r t
ix,l: A=(3;4) vektorningfi=gz;5)vektorgatikproyeksiyasi uzunligi;aechabirlik? 56
'ir 13
"'

5T,trRgSF".fgT-i4rYA

1. Stereonetrila teoremafarL
2" Og'ma aaperpenfifufiar.
3.'t)c6 pwen[ifu.$arhaqirfagi teorerut.
4. fo'g'n cfiiziqaa tel{isfrF.orasidagi
6urcfin6.
5. Iffi re{kti{arasi{agi *urcfrafr*
6, rearaffe[teqjsfrQkr.
7, fo'g'ri cfrizigntn7
tefrsfi6fg,perpendifrlt$arfigi
8. I EfiiteLisfrfuting
perpendifutbartigt
9. .flyqasfr
to'g'dcftiziqfar""'
Io" Erayfipiyajtuzini taptsh.

+99899.01
4.455,S1
 $, i. gitt* r;:'g'r-i eiiiziqda votma;vdigan uchra nuqradan bii.ta i'4, faqat,bltta te&:isiiko'thasisle rnunikin.
IL To,g'ri *liiziq va unda yotrnaydigan nuqta oraqali bitta va faqa{ L'}ittatekislik o'tkazisli murrkitl.
III.To.g'richiziqningikkitanuqtasitekisIikkategishlit'o,lsa,rihclda..to'g'richiziqningo'zihamtekis1ikkaliegishli.
iZ. To'g'r-, chiziqda itekislikda) yotrnay,Jigan nuqtadan shu io'g'ri chiziqqa (tekislikka) faqat bitta peipendikuiyar fushirish mulrxkiix"
900 ostida tushmagan kesmaiar ogowradeyiladi. Ctg'r:tanr.;:rg tekislikdagi uclii biian perpendikulyaniiiig asosini tntashtiruvchi kesnraga
og,maning proyektsiyasi de.,,i[adi. rJg'ma qanclra.:-rslral-1o'lsaFrroJ,e]itsiyasishun,rhauzurr ho'[adi, lekir-rog'ish hurchagi shr:ncha
kiahrayibbcra,1i.
AB, BC, BD - og'r-i-lalar. Efl - perpendilcrrlyar
BD<BC,OD<0C,trekin/1>,4

proyektsiya
tt'g'ri chiziqqatashqaridagi
haqidagiteorenta;tekislikdagr
3. {Jcl,pe,pe,tr)ikuli,6y bo'lsa
tlshul'chiog'nraperpendikulyai
n-t-rqtadan
bu og'maningproyektsiyasiham tekislikdagito'g'ri qhiziqqa peryendikulyar bo'|adi. (l-rasm)
4, To'g,n chiziq va tekislik orasidagiburchakdeganda- trr'g'r'i chiziq bilan uning tekislikdagiproyektsiyasiorasidagibruchak
tushuniladi. (AB" oB)=I {AB "a): f (Z-rasm)
5. lrclta tekislik orasidagiburchak,Jeganda- bu tekisliklamingumumilrqirrasidaginuqtagahar bil tekislikdanfushuvchi
perpendikllyar to'g'ri chiziqlarorasidagibwchaktushuniladi.(3-rasm)
ikki
6. agar bir tekrslikningkesishuvchiikki to'g'ri chizig'i ikkinchi tekislikdagiikki to'g' ri chiziqqamosholda parallelbo'lsa, bu
parallelbo'ladi.(4-rasm)
tekisliklar
ahh
cnd
-il^
@IIU

l-rasm 2-rasm 3-rasm

tekislikkaharrr
7. egar to'g'ri chiziq tekislikdagikesishuvchiikkita to'g'ri chiziqqaperpendikulyarbo'lsa, bu to'grri chiziq ,i
p e r p e n d i k u l - v a r b o 'al a€dqi,. b e d ' a ^ b , c 1 4 c l - b ' b o ' l s ac I a b o ' l a d i . ( 5 - r a s m ) , ;: ,.i:..
g. Ikkita tekisiikperpendikulyarbo'lishi uchunbiror tekislikkarushuvchiperpendikulyarto'g'ri chiziq bo'ylab ikkinchi tekislikrri
o'tkazsakbulskis,liklarperpendikulyarbo'ladi. b!8, zea, aID bo'ls4aLp bo'ladi.(6-rasm)
. Ixtiyoriyuchburchak
tr.S;i,4.,:.iii.r,i tashqarisidagi nuqtadan(O1)uninguchlaigachabo'lganmasofalar(OiA, OrB' O1C)tengbo'lsa,
bu nuqtadantushuvchiperpendikulyar(o1o) uchburchal<ka tashqichizilganaylananingrnarkazigatushadi.(7-rasm)
li:.l.t;.t'irr..,. Ix-riyonyuchburchaktashqarisidaginuqtadan(o1)uningtomonlarigachabo"lganmasofalar(orK,oiL)tengbo'l
nuqtadantushuvchiperpendikulyaruchbruchakk a ichki chizilganaylananingmarkazigatushadi.(8-rasm)
O1

\
" -a.
--..:y':ra
\ i , . L ) ./'

6-rasm 8-rasm

9. Kesishmaydigan va bir tekislikdayotmaydiganto'gri chiziqlalayqashto'g'ri chiziqlardeyiiadi.Ikki ayqashto'g'ri chiziqbittava

shuumumiy perpendikulyarning uzuniigiga
faqatbitta umumiyperpendikulyarga ega.Ayqashto'g'ri chiziqlarolasidagimasofa
uzunligigateng(1o-rasm)'
teng.(9-rasm).AB va cD ayqashto'glri chiziqlariorasidagirnasofaBC ning
ikkinchisi bilan kesishgunchaparallelko'chirish kerak'
Ayqashto,g,ri cliziqlarning orasidagiburchaknitopishuchunuiardanbirini to
l0.Ko,pburchakproyektsiyasiningyuzi- shuko'pburchakyuziniog'ishburchaginingkosinusigako'payimasigateng{1l-rasm)
S,quc:Smc'cosa,bunddDq L AC = S7r' cosa
Sprcyek rT

d - umumiy perpendikulYar

a:- b (ayqashbelgisi)

:'-. dIa dIb

(1}-rasm) (l|-rasm)
.,li--._-,- :-_U-._,
7'' (9-rasm)
186
+99899.014.65.61
 irl, 1200ga tengbo'lganikki yoqli bmchatnirig yoqlariddgiA va B nuqtalardanburchakning
qirrasigaAC:7sm va BD=Esmli perpendikulyarttrr o't(#ilgan AB=l6smbo'lsa, CD kesmaning
'B1Al :
uzunligitopilsin.Yechish: A,D=?sm, B1C=8sm,CD=b-Br ='/2ag2-2.7.g1cos1200,
B1A=13, To'g'ribunchakliABrB'dan BBFG2*n; =E : CD

[E: TBU ning C to'g'ri burchagiuchidangipotenuzaga parallelva undan& masofadayotgantekislik A

o'tkazilgan.uchburchakkatetlariningbu tekislikdagiproyeksiyalaria va b ga tengbo,lsa, h
gipotenuzauzunliginitoping.
AB:? Yechish:AC=J;iu,z, BC=Jfu,rz, AB=Jar+perz

a
.F
va tekislik orasidagiburchaknitoping. Ye,--hish:
ABC tbu, AIBC uningproyeksiyasi. iz

zABAt= 450 fi TBU ekanligidanAtA= 48 = ACAI 6\q DCDI,D nuqta

+,
1L
A1

gipotetrwaing
o'rtasibo'lganiuchunDD,= =
+ #,
To'g'riburchakli
BDIDdan sinB= DDr: BD= .a=,+ = +, ZB=300
2,12 ,12 t
,
fi: Trapetsiyanin$asoslaridanbiri 2-sidan2 martauzun.Trapetsiyaning o'rta chizig'i (I) a tekislikka
patallelva 13 sm masofadao'tadi (LK:l3).Trapetsiyaning dioganallalikesishishnuqtasi(o)
esabu tekislikdan
l5 smmasofadayotadi.Trapetsiyaningasoslaridana tekislikkachabo'lgan masofalar(zr, n+z)
16011ri".
Yethish:TrapetsiyadaAOD 6-9 BOC, tomonlarnisbati2:lbo'lsa, balandliklarnisbatiham2:l
bo'ladi.oF:2a, oE=a.L nuqtao'rtachiziqdayotadiva.ubalandlikqitengl gabo,ladi.oL=y
shundan 2a-y=1t*a,
a=2y,y=Q,Ja FL=j,sa. TBUlaro'xshashrigida",
#=#=+,
22,5*-!,jma:26a-2ma,0,5rna:3,5a,m:7, l,5z=18,rr2, z+1v::lj.
#=+,

FRf.afus.
1. hizma ua uningqismfarL
a
4,
+
'lUrLAn
f .

3. rPrizmafusimkn
4. {on sfuti.
J-. Aaraffetopiped,
6. Arizmaning 6ajmi.
lib ularninguchlarintmos ravishdatutashtirsak,
.), yon yoq (AA1E1E;ErE D D1,. . ), asos(ABCDE),,

ft tayanyoq, n+2 ta ycq, ikkita asos"2n ta UChbo,ladi.

uchlarini tutashtiruvchi kesmadir.
BrE,tsrD,ArC,...
simlarisonil@Tibitan ropilacli,
M: beshburchakli
prizmada5 tayon qrrrava yon yoq, l0 ia uch, l5 ta qin-a,S(5_3)=!
0 ta diogana!.bor.
EVLER teorenmsi: Ixtiyoriy x yoq uchun 1'+u-8:2-.te!glik o'rinlidir, burda, tr'-
ko'pyoqningyoqlari , u- ko,pyoqningucxilari,
p - ko'pyoqningqirralari' ,r,l: ko'pYoqningyoqlari soni 7 ta,
uchlarisoni 6 fa bo'[sa,undagiqiu.atrar
soni nechta? 7+6-9=2, g=II

+99399.tti
4.65.61
 3. Prizriariirrgiiutari ikki xil: og'ma va t*'g'l'd. Og'rnapri:nianing yoa qiiralali Rsosga bo'lola1'di.Og'ma i-iiizinada
i-,ei?end.ii-uitrac
y,ra qinaiar orasidagi masofa deyilganda perpendikulyar kesimning tomonlari (4-rasm).
tushuniladi.
Ta'g'n prizmaningyon qirtalari asosgaFelpendikuiyarbo'iadi va u balandiikl-rarnhiso-trlanadi.
3. i I asosga paralleikesim- urdng'1.uzi asoslnraigarengbo"ladi(n-rasm);
2,)dioganait:esiin(2-rasrn); latinda,d z = a',2+b 2+h 2
3i asostarining qarama-qzushi qimaladdaito' tr.errahi diagonaliiesiier(3-i asn:);
4j ag'r..nprizmatfakesinr'r'rrnqii-ragaperpendikuiyarbo'ladi. (4-rasna)

t-ra-efil 2-iasm 3-rasm

yig'indisigateng,|5*,-p--;7i
4. Prizmaningyon sirti yon yoqdagito'rlburchaklar5,uzatrari
Og'ma prizmada - : P"*".h = P, bundaFp",- perpendikulyarkesimperimetri, ./ - yon qirra.
Prizmanineto'la sirti- =t,",,+
va kvadratdan
5. Asosito'g'ri ro'rt-burchak iboratbo'lganprizn,agato'g'ri burchakliparallelopiped deyiladi.Asosiparalielogram,
romb,trapesil'4 ...daniboratbo'lganpriznagato'g'ri parallelopiped deyiladi.Bular hirmikki xil bo'ladi: og'mava to'g'ri. To'g'ri
burchakli parallelopipedningdiagonali -W:nE +Ft (2-rasm)
ParalleiopipeddiaEonaliari kesishadigannuqtauningsimmetriyamarkari deviladi.
Munrazamparallelopipedning asosida kvadratbo'ladi. Kubning asosidaham,yon yoqlaridahamkvadratlarbo'iadi.
Kubningy,vi-S4A, -F:til,
perimetri nu;T:llz:Fla l*btt"4oshqabirnomi.sef;.+nedr'.)
6. Ixtiyoril,prizrraninghuj* lrr:s,,^'7| ; W,,,:*"^'lt:i;:ll, Sp"r-pelpendikulyarkesim yuzi,!-yonqirra.
{i{: Og'maprizn:anineasositomonlariAB=BC=3, AC=2 srnbo'lganuchburchakdan iboratbo'lib. pdzmaning
yon qirra-ri6 sir,r'a asostekisligiga300ii burchakostidaog.'madir. Plizrnahajminitopiirg.
sp="hr-r =2$. o D - - D B : z - - J i , S o o c= , 6 , V=Spo..t=bJt
ESLATtrIA: Simneriya 3 xii bo'ladi: l) nuqtaganisbatan 2)tlch.qanisbatan 3) tekislikkanisbatan
Ixriy-oriyparallelopipedda3ta,nwtazamda 5 ta, kubda9 ta simmetriyatekisligi mavjud.
ESLATft{A: l\{untazamprizma deganiprizmaasosidamuntazamko'pburchakbor degani'

f.J: Tomoni4 gatengbo'lgankubninguchidanshuuchbilanumumiynuqtagaegabo'lmagan

masofanitoping. Yechisti:Cp= di,
yog'iningsimmetriyamarkazigachabo'lgan Cp= 2J2
rl'i Li-r., uo. ,,-=v'---*-,ir-:.f,-
Br Cr
dioganali/ bo'lib, yon
fvl: To'g'ri burchakliparallelopipedning
yoqlaribilanmosravishda300va 450li burchaklar tashkilqiladi.
Parallelopipedninghajminitoping.lleehish:Tengyonli TtrIJ B1C1D,
da
t,
B,c,= g,p=# = AD, AtEt=+= !
= oc, c,c =
z v =-L-.J-.1-=.J-
Jz22 Nz

fvl: To'g'ri parailelopipedning BB1qimasiorqaliuningyon yoqlarigaperpendikulyar ikkitakesim I

Kesimlarningyualari,Si va,S2ga tengbo'lib, asosningperimetri2p gatetg.
o'ttriazilgan.
Patalleiopipedning hajmini toping. Yechjsh:kesimlamingasoslari- paralleloglanming o'tmas
burchagiuchidanchiqqanbalandliklaridir. Parallelopiped
balandliginiir deb o'zgaruvchi kiritamiz,
Asosdagiparallelogramning bir tomoninia debbelgilasak,Z-tomonip-a bo'ladi. Parallelogramning

orqalitopibtenglashtirami
yueiniuningbalandliklari , 'O - a = S2p- S2a=.S,a
bundan,
| |' ".
SzP . SzP E ,. St p ,Sr , SlSzp
a=3ll$' ;o"o"=ETS'7' '
t t - 4

S u- f i
J

it'-
t - =

S:+fi p-a

+99899.014.65.61
 lv|:To'g'ri prizmaningasosikatetlari20 sm va 21 lni bo'lganTBU daniborat.Gipotenuzaningo'rtasi orqali ungaperpendikulyar
lavishdatetisli-ko'&azilgan.Agar prizmaningy.onqinasi 2l sm bo'lsa,kesimyuzini hisoblang.(I-rasm) .
Yechislr:Jzoz+ztz =29. DEkesmao'rtaperpendikulyarVazifasinio'tayaptiva.kbsim(bo'yalganto:g'rito,irburchak)yuzinitopish
uchunshukesmaninguzunliginitopishkerak.AsosdagiTBUni alohidachizibolaniiz.,ADE:TBUda.#,=*(c,x) ekanligidan,
- ; :
r02:10,5(10,5-x),
x=4r/42,
10,5-x=
toi-#=+, or=froz
.# =+, s=S.zr =2rx-smz

10,5

10,5-x
E
,T

A D
( 2-rasnt )

M: To'rtburchaklimuntazamptizmaasosiningtomonia ga tengbo'lib, asosiningdioganaliorqali asostekisligi bilan a brrchak

lasiiiiiiqiluvciii;ekislik+'tkazilgai-:i. tri ie]tisl;iryc,'rqiiranilt;sib c'tisirdarr
tiasilq:l:i,g;n1i.::ir,rll1;y-;zihls*'blansin,( ?-.;;i;t;t)
Y e e i r i s h ; A B c D - k v a d r aBrD
. toc, BDLoL, LCtoc, BD=AC=oJI, oc=+, rcorBUdan gnsq=o{:oL,

oL=#, s=lan.ot=+"8"
#=*
M: Uchburchakli og'ma prizmaningharbir qinasi2 gatengbo'lib,uningyon qinalaridanbiri asosining qo'shnitomonlaribilan
600li burchakhosil qiladi. Prizmahajmi va to'la sirti yuzini toping. ( 3-rasnt) Yer:hish:ABC muntazamuchburchak,

BqLCEBqTAE, BqLDE, DE:.6-l ='8, v=sp",.'t=|.Jz-z.z=zJz, s,o^=2'a6 .z+e+2.8).2=6nE+q

Pt14.4,{,f?il:A"
1. Sirami[avauningqismfari.
2. Apofema,
3. Qiramifasirtiaa frajmi.
4. 1(Bi{piramifa-
5. lQsi{piramifa sirti va frajmi"
. 6. lvlwttazampirami[a.
\1. Ttkitlikdunfashqaridagi
nuqtanitekislikda
yofuvchiko'pburchakuchlaribilantutashtirsak
piramida
hosilbo'ladi.ABCD-asos; EG- balandlik(h); EL- apofema(i ); EA,EB,EClaryonqina...;AEB,BEC,...
bularyonvoqlar;ACE,BDElardiagonal kesim;...
2. Apofemabu - yon-yoqdagiuchburchakningbalandligi.Apofemapiramidayon yog'ining asos
tekisligigaog'ishburchaginianiqlabberadi.Asosdagiikkt yoqli burchak degzrrrdayon yoqningog'ish
burchagi(d) tushiniladi.Piramidauchidagiikki yoqli burchak deganda qarama-qalshi yon yoq uchbur-
chaklariningapcfernalariorasidagiburchaktushiniladi.Pirasridauchidagiyassi(tek-is)r
L,'-rrchaft
4eg4rdz. A
yon yoqdagiuchburchakning uchidagiburchaktushiniladi,m-n:. /BEC
3" Piramidaningyon yoqlalidagiuchbulchakyuzalariningyig'indisigapiramidaningyou sirti deyiladi.Pi,ramrdaning
apofemalari
tengbollsauningyon sifti S1',,,,=|Ponou'lo,

gS'n"i C,:trarchayoqiari o'zaro teng mLrntazalnuchburchaklardan

iboratpiramidagatetrnedr cieyiladi.

yanatetraedr
r--" tr-;1 r------=-r r- r_-l
Uniyiqitsak hosilbo'ladi.lsrou= :1#l =.,lZo2l
lS,u,o lv = !{atl f i /
j ' + | i ii I

q.
TeFaedrgaichki va tashqi shar chizisli i:nun:kin. R"7,oo = J^" ' ihtr =+ .-.1--.---Ir----.-.----;
4 ' , .l .:.:.*'
-'-'tB-

-t99899.fil4.*5.6"t
 yoa i'cqlari muntazamuc?rburcliaklardan
Asosrkva&'arva bar-,.ha i'boratbo'lganikkita piramidanr
'- - ^f"
birlashiirsakokteedr hcs!1bo'ladi. = Sun = 2,,!3
a'l" l
lSy*,
Oktaedrgaichki..a tashqisharchizishmumkln.

f't: Llchburchekli muntazam piramida asasinieg tamorri s, ha.landligi ft. Asosir,ing bir i'..rrnoni,Ja.n
qaranra-qarsl-iqinzga perpendikrriyar iekislik *'tkazilgan.llo.qil qitringanicesimrinrzi hir;:blansin. (l-rasnt)

Yechish:
ot=+, oB=R=t, uu=Fry. rBUsoBdasntB=#=#, rBUDEBdasinB=cekanligidan,

*"=ffi=BF=#, DE=ffi, s=+

ACDE=+
" ffi=ffi
iboratbo'lib, balandligift r,aasosininguchidano'tadi.Kvadlatningtomonia bo'tsa,pirainiduning
iv1:Piramidaasosikvadratdan yon
sirti yuzini toping. (2-rasm)Yechish: Piramidayon sirti har ikkitasi tengTBU lardanibolat. Saw: Sem: h/2, EB = ED = Jhz+ az ,

r -d -a.Jhz+a2 ^ a.h ^.a-rlhz+o2 ^ = (, t'

nBEc=JDE:=---, lton =-T t*- J a ' l n + \ f n " + a "r )
Z-'

F1: Qirrasi1 ga tengbo'lgan kub yoqlariningmarkazlai tutashtirildi.Hosil bc'lganjismning hajmini taping. (3-rasm)

Y e c h i s h : H o s i l b o ' l g a n s h a k l o l t a e d r b o ' l i b u n i n g tAoB

m:o0n, 5i J r , o k t a e d r h a j m li /: = E o ' = 4
*=+

fi: Piramidaasasidagirombningkichik dioganalid vaortkirbulchagia. Piramidaasosiriagihammaikki yoqli bulchaklarB bo'isa,

AD=--!-. oF=+= d . EB=#, '-:1.'Z^"
oo=+, ""+='#=#,
uninghajminilopins.Yechish: t -' ur ,=o
zr** ^^t asnt

r l 3 . r s. sf n z a- d 3 t s F a s b z t c o * t = # n r t r g p
v=ls-n=trro ".
o . r t . t s | . y n a-
+snf alsfi a8sn3f tz "rg$rorrl
|

(2-rasnt)
C I A
(l-rasm) (3-rasm)

4. Piramidaningasosigaparallelva balandligigaperpendikulyartekislik o'tkazsako'xshash

piramidalarhosilbo'ladi. Pastdagifigutagakesik piramida deyi\adi'(5-rasnt)
M, Piramidabalandliginitenguch qismgabo'lib, o'xshashpiramidaiarhosilqilindi.Bundamoskesmalar,
mosyuzalarva moshajmlarnisbatinitoping.(6-rasnt) h1:h2:h3:l:2:3 51;S2:S3=1:4:9 V1:V2:1rr:1;9,27

Kesik piramidaningyon sirti: " joil

I

Kesikpiramidaning
to'la sifti: $o1o= S1o"or* S2^o" + {r,

S-rasnt
Kesik piramidaning apofemasi yon yoqdagi trapetsiyaning balandligidir. Yuqoridagi formulalar apofernalar teng
bo'lgandao'rinlidir. Kesikpiramidaningbalandligidiagonalkesimdagitrapetsiyaning
balandligidir.

Kesik piramidaninghajmi: , : t r' ho.o"* fi-*5-* * szo"o"

yon qinalari(a,b,c)o'zaroperpendikulyar
.4&1C.4.. piramidaninghajmi:
bo'lganuchburchakli
uchun.
masalalai:ni'ishlash
Bu eslatmaasosan"kubningbir uchidanchiquvchiqinalari orqali tekislik o'tkazilgan"r-nazmunidagi

+99899.014.65.61
 6. Muntazampiramida(mtrntazamkesik piramida)degani- piramidaasosida(asoslarida)
muntazamko'pbwchakbor degani.
.' masala shartida quyidagi jumlalar bo'lsa, piramida balandligi asosgatashqi chizilgan aylana matkaziga tushadi: (7
a) piramidaningyon qirralariteng; b) piramidayon qirralari asostekisligi biiEii.Q'olkibalandlikbilan) bir xil burchakhosil qiladi.

a) piramidaapofemalariteng; b) piramidaninguchiiuning tomonlaridanbir xil uzoqllikdajoylashgan; c) yon yoqlari asos

tekisligibilan o'zarotengburchaklarhosil qiladi; d) asosdagiikki yoqli burchaklarteng.

2- t2
H2+R2: L2

(8-rasm)

M: Muntazamto'rtburchaklipiramidaningbalandligil6 ga, asositomoni 24 gateng.Piramidayon yog'iga parallelbo'lib, asosining

markaziorqalio'tgankesimyuzini hisoblang. Yechisti: OF=AF/2=I2, apofemaI =,[16, +12, :20. Kesimtrapetsiya ko'rinishida
bo'lib, u EDC uchburchakkaparallel.Trapetsiyakattaasosi24 ga,kichikasosiuning yarmiga(12 ga),balandligiapofemayarmiga
j4'.g=!|7 )yg=1gs
(10ga)teng. s=,.s

iY!:Muntazam$chburchakli,ftesikpiramida
aposiningtomonlari8 smva 4 sm.Uning yon qirrasiva asoslariqarshitomonlarining
o'rtq1.qAa]itekislik o'tkazilgan.Hosil bo'lgan kglimnine yuzi 6aF ga teng.Pilamidayon sirti yuzini toping.
trapitsiyaiteng yonli emas)ko'rinishid-abo'lib, trapetsiyakattaasosi a6 gckichik asosi zJl garcng.Kattaasos
Yechisla:'Kesim
uchuniehkichizilganaylanani
*-:-----*-;,
radiusir'1:+ :+, 4 )
. kichikasosuchun ,'r=
2Ji Jt z,5,7'=E,Trapetsiyayuziuitopishformulasidan

6 1 1 - ' + J s : ?. 1J ,i ,h : ; . = n i , r = # , p - h z + x ! . t = W = # , ,*,=4*Pr.t=4+
#=24J1

S d L f r \ i i l R V . A + 1t ? & i i - r S

1. Sifinfr va wdng qismkri.

2, Sifindryn sirtiva frajmi,
3. Silin{rning figsimkri.
4. .Kanusva uningqism{ari.
J" I(gnusntng yon sirtiaa frajmL
6. \onusningfosimki
1. I{1si{&pnus. :
8. Si[infrgaicfrEjva tashqipriamnkr,

+s9899.014.65.S
I
 l. paralieirhsiildar,la ilckimtengdclr.alaiolaftliz.tsutraruing aylanasinitengkesmal{ar bilan tlrtashtirsd.k-
'!o,iadi.\-olr o'qga to'g'ri to'ftt'urchakriingtomoninimahkamlabaylantirslk hainsilindr-hdsil
silinrir hosii
silindrni yo3'sak;
2 iz aotra,ft-balandli!:{siliri&ryasovchiFrarndeyiladi}'A"gz+t
Iro'ladi. ,]smiarr: a.<osida
to'g'n tc'r-r:-:l:h,al- hosli bo'iadi
,'g'ri to'rtburchakning
eni
= 2S^o, -t 'S;q, = ZtrRzl- ZIRH
S1o'1o
X. Silin,ir -r'olilmasi FT i, doira tizu4ligigaieng !:'o'iadi. ;
(i'on sin;,oi-rima-<:
I/=Soror'H=nRz'H
Silindrninghajmi:

parallelkesim(I-rasnt); 2) o'q kesim- silindrmar-kazidan

j. Siiircr:,r_:kesi;nlar.:i) asosga o'tuvchikesim( 2-3-rasnilar);
yotuvcliiAB to'g'richiziqorqali kesim- fu
o'h,ivchi o'qqaparalleL
3i a,qqaparalielt;dm (4-rasnt); 4) uchlariasoslarda 1A{i
bo'lgan masofa(d) deganda - markazdan (o'qdan)AB kesmaorqali
kesimca;.b.-ladi.(5-resnt) silindr markazidanAB kesmagacha
o'tgar;-,eliiil*acha masofatushiniladi.(S-raswt'tr

-----F-'-

5:rasmning
yuqoridan
3-rasm 4--rasm ko'r-inishi
1-rasm l-+asm

S-rasrn A

-- iboratbo'lgansilindrgatengtomonli silindrdeyiladi.2-rasmda2R:H ba'ladi.

, :. O'q kesimikvadratdan

konushosilbo'ladi.(6-rasm) H2+r2.: lz
4. O'qgaTBLning bir katetinimahkamlabaylantirsak
- li - asosmarkazidan
Qismlari:I-r- bataoiilih / yasovchi, ,.- asosradiusi,
yasovchigacha bo'lganmasofa.I -yasovchi va asostek
Konusning asosida doirabo'lib, uni yoysak, sektorhc
(6'rasnt)
Bundasehor -rolining'Jzunligikonusasosidagiaylanar
yuzi konusning1'oosirtiga tengdir.
f- ' l 27fr.
St,JIa: n'2 + m'l lv ={plHl 2r,R ( 7-8-rasmlal
l r l

S=n.r.l =4'5tr:2O4, sektorYutiS""o="+=++ 2Qn=e'125 cv=1,6n

2-ustrl.Konusningyonsirti
di.7. Konusning kesimlart:
iborai.(l+asnt) (Tengtomcnlikonusningo'q kesirni
i) o,q kesim- asosdagi aylanamukazidano'tuvchitengyonli uchburchakdan
muntazamuchburchakdan iboratbo'ladi.)
(2-rusm)
2) asosdagiAB vatarorqali o'tgankesim yoki konusyasovchiiariorqali o'tuvchi kesim'
konusga va pastda
o'xshashkichkinakonuscha
3) asosgaparallelkesim- bunJakonrrsikki qismgaajraladi.i-rasnr.Yuqoridashu
kesik kenusirosil bo'ladi. Kesik konusningdiagonalkesimitengyonli trapetsiyadaniborat.l4-ras*t')

AE=BE=l 2I
(,
0 2sE 52
/;
rY\ F ---1
t: *-\.)
1 \ r o //
-) q' /r
n
. 1
/
\ '',/ ( - /

3-rasnt S-rasm
I-rasnt

= + I n = * r - t t , + f i . s 2+ s 2 1
&o'lo= St +52 *'Sron dlz + m'2+ n{'R 4'
(t esik uchutl: |s."-=ARryl
kontts
t
+99899.014,65.6
 M' Silindrdao'tkazilganikkita kesimo'zaroperpendikulyarva ularningkesishishchizig'i
silindnringo'qigaparallel.Shuchiziq bitta kesimningyuzlaf;iTTdm2va27 dmzbo'lgan
qismlarga,ikkinchi kesimniesayuzalariningnisbati7:33kabi bo'lganqismlargaajratadi.Silindr
o'q kesiminingyuzi hisoblansin. \iechish: Agar silindmingbalandligiIy'bo'lsava AOO/1
to'g'ri to'rtburchakningyuzi 77 bo'lsa, AO: # , O" : fr Ao'Udi.Aylananing ikkita kesishuvchi

AO'OB:CO'OD,
vatarixossasigako'ra: +, x:3, Co=#,
# +:# "o=#
to'g'ri chiziq vatatning tengo'rtasigabotadi. (S-rant)
Aylanamarkazidanvatargaperpendikulyar
JJ#L : #.
AE= o, : ee9t :$, n:
l#-#
:#, ton:2RH:t3odmz
yuqoritiagiS-rasmdasilindmingyuqoridanko'rinishi tasvirlanganbo'lib, bundabarchasonlaming
maxrajidaf/ bor debtasawurqilamiz. t :: 't,
D1
fvl:Silindr o'qigaparallelkesimo'tkazilgan.Siiindr asosiningradiusir, balandligi/r, kesimbilan ajratilgankichik yoyningkattaligi
1200.Silindrmarkazidankesimgachabo'lgan masofaniva silindr kichik qismininghajminitoping. (6-rasm)
yechish;kesimgacha bo'lganmasofaOC:0,5r. Silindrkichik qismininghajmini topishuchunsegmentyuzini balandlikka
Jti'?
. ' ,, ' 2 - L ' " 2 s ' : r l 2 o o ' '
k o ' p a v t i n s h k e r a: k, L, -' 4 J,O+- n:SQ-tlt\
/)
ffi: Ikkita komrsumumiybalandlikkaegabo'lib, ularningasoslario'zaroparalleldir.Agar ularningbalandligift:15 sm"asoslarining
radiuslari4 va 6 smbo'lsa,konuslarumumiy qismininghajmi hisoblansin.(7-rasm) Yechish:konuslarumumiyqismininghajmi
deyilganda-bo'yabko'rsatilgan2takonusninghajmlariyig'indisitushuniladi. A2OBvaO2Ofi1uchburchaklaro'xshashligidan

!-:+, l5r:6x, x:2,5r . OpB va OIO2B2o'xshashligida

r 6

v1: t n.Aaz'6 vz: t z'4+2'e, !

r . 2 4 2 . ( 6 + s )= n . 5 3 6 - 5 : 2 8 8 t t
V1+r2:

fv'l:Muntazamuchburchakning tomoni 2 ga teng.Shuuchburchakning uchidano'tuvchi va qarama-qarshitomonigaparallelo'q

hosil bo'lgan
atrofidaaylantirishdan jismning hajririnitoping. (&-rasnt)
yecliis6:Bo,y.algansohahajminitopishuchun- silindrhajmidanikki yon tomondahosilbo'lganbo'shkonuslarhajminia'yirib
t a s h l a y m i z, :. r l 2 z - 1 2 :,1;, Vsitindr:t'3'2=6n, 2'Vko,,,"=ttto'3'1 =2tt, J:62-2n:4n'
jismning hajmini
1vi:Asosia Vaasosidagibur.chagicr bo'lgantengyonli uchburchakyon tomoni ah'ofidaaylantirildi.Hosil bo'lgan
'O9- , oC : a'cosr''
toping.(9-rasnt) Yectrish:bundaham ikkita konushajmlarinibir'-birigaqo'shamiz.TBU BOC dan cosa:

uo:Zk*-acosd, vt=i"'l' ' s i n ? ca c o s o . '

o B = r = a . s i n a , T B I JA D C d a n c o s r ; = " j 3 , e c = Z # * ,

12=ln'az.smza.Ao, V1+.V2=!n'a''rnzo'(,'"o"a+ffi-a.o,o)= l
:mt

A2 Oz 4-\ B

V ,1/t:i

.\*- O ' '

r'!'
.-\
,--.2 A/t D a/2

6-rasnt 7-rasnt 8-rasnt 9-rasnt

8. Siiinchpriznianingcieriorlarig'i Pfizrnasilindming devorlariga

urinsaprizmasilindrgatashqi urinsaprizmasilindrgaichki
chizilgandeyiladi. chiziigandeyiladi

+99899.S14.65.61
 ti*]i::l ' r:'rr:r

'i,J r i:. :{. -"1

594"E A

' sfera (shar) hosii bo'ladi'

(doira) diametrint tr'qga fiIahkamlab aylantirsak
Aylana
-"'lr'^
ning sirti sfeladaniborat'
srera "Wffi:
Jiul, rffi f '*"' 9-:tt'A(x
;v;z) :il#i:
shar tenglamast:
a tenglamasi: Buurinish radius
nuqtasiga
:,,l,T' ;;' ffi' T:'l:i1i::adi'
taai, ("';asn1)
1art1. r !t:,il '" -'l
;;, :il ;,r ir'npf'p* aikur ibora'lbo'radi
doiradan
kesimi
*"a'I
aylanaua' ruvr$ "-
:',,:.m;o,iff,|;,TiilTilil:1'ii'i
. Sferaninghar clandaykeslini
-sf,era markaztoan'kesimgacha
i::y:::lregli'
bo'lgan mast"+;.'
,lt +rt =Rt :
tda d

2-rasnt smbo'lsa' uchburchak

di' Agar sharradiusi R=J

*r$fi;*::**r[r"':;ir:"#r
[;ru'6*-x#*ilT'r#*:Hrdi*h]#Tffi
:simigatashqichizilgan
trt
("t)' 4-rasn
:hki aylanaradiusidir
P=13+74+15=42
s=Jfl'{T-o=v
:ot"'\tx "o,"ro-) = 6s/8
(
\=25/p=2'48/32=3 =, \ , on"tnS=13't4'1s/4'84
Y nt'-'
N'*": st* {alu" '
l',, \1 /i lg
R,1,o,=5Jffi
' \ " . , / /
\-----/
)-rasnl
-,, ^,.,,t,^-iLanshunuqtala

"l::r1.;,,t?ffiX#',lq'*illi::1ffi:l'::Ji:"'ilil:""
14:srerasirtidagiffi*o'-':i:::::::'ffi:';if (S-rasn'l)
S;i***l*i*l*1illi,lT;1'Ii1x111fftrffffi''
4nx"l
-*\
*.,;
:}"i+**.:it'"i'luo'tuaiaffii
inish nuqtalaridan tekislik
o'tKazsaKuuriUuw'o"'*
--
.' ;Gt
Sharhalmt: lYsna,'-3""..,.
s. Sferasnti lsstt= ,
shtrixlabko'l
_,;^.,,,,:;;;#,;:bko,rsatitgani
aylana hosil bo'ladi' (Grasnda
iir lii'l'ir 'tr ikkiia sfera rt*'tlgunAu
bo'ladi'Bunda:
tekislikbilankessak'shar segmentlari'hosil
6. Sharni - selT.lt
- sharsesmentibalandligi' r
/r'rr;';'*i"-,i "::::"t1di:tt
*o*u*
kesishish
- iktcivatarning Kichik segmeru

ul*=''{a,-+)=
ftb"*n')
t
+st899.ota.as.e
 shar markazidanradiusni konussimon aylantirsakshar sektori hosil bo,ladi.
56'1o= Srrr* Syonkonu,
: 2.zRlt+ mR = rR(2Jt+ r)

V*t:4rrnz.n

Sharni parallel tekisliklar bilan kessak,ikkita segmentva o'rtada

shar kamari hosil bo'ladi.
h:F,p _1.,_,+
Sro, = 2ttRh

Srr'/0,= Su.or* Syon= w12 + mj +2trRh

tr / -
r t -r . . \
t'notqo= -A z ' h ''Qr1t -+ 3r=2 h= )

sharpiramidagaichki chizilganbo'lsapiramidaning
hajrni- piramidato'la sirti bilansharraiiiusiko,paytrnasining
1i3
qismiga teng. (7-rasm)
on=+ Sdtapir't'shar

!'i "asosigaichki chizilgan aylananingradiusi r"o,va asosdagiikki yoqli burchagi abo'lganpiramidaga

ichki chizilgan
shaming radiusi quyidagicha topiladi: ( 7-rasnt) Iihu, :ffi ' t asos
= tg
$' ro"o"
r':l .{lrtt:r4rsh4rgapiramidayoki konusichki chizilganbo'lsa:
I 2:2HR:Ii 2+r 2 tenglik o'rinli. 1 8-rasnr
1
/ piramidaqinasi
R - shar radiusi
11- piramidabalandligi
;'- piramidaasosiga tashqichizilganaylanaradiusi^

S-rusnt

Muntazamoltiburchaklipiramidagaichki chizilgansharpiramidaning qarama-qarshi

yon yoqlariapofemalariga
urinadi.
shargaichki va kshqi chizilganrnuntazam
to'rtburchaklikesikpiraanidalar:

irl
i . 7

1 :

f{: Tekisliksharnihajmlari 252n srn3va720n snt3bo'lganqiSmlargaajraradi.shu qismlaming

sferik sirtlarinihisoblang. (9-rasnt)
!":r;hish;shartekislikbilankesilgach,2 ta segmentga
ajralgan-ularning
hajmliri yig'intlisisharha.lrniniberarii.252+72tJ:g72.
Dtz,r=]rd,s. R=e. v , . r = 2 5 2 r r = a , =( , n -
252=r,
,), h = 6 , s ! , " s= z a n = z z . a . t = j 0 8 l r .
tr_+),
Katiasegmentning
balandlig
i ZR-h: t 8-6: I 2 sm. S2"ng
:ZrRh : 2r .9 .12= 216r
"
l'rl:3bnrclraklimuntazamkesikpinanridaasoslariningtornonlari
avttb.Shupiramidagashar:ichkichizilgan.Kesikpiramidayonsirti
v u z i l ' r , i r o b l a n s i n { 1 2 - r a s n t ) , ' ,,::,r:"i i,i,r=, i\r?: * 1 = l 3 i 3 b n},r=t A s o s g a i c h k i c h i z i l g a h i y i a r : a n i r r g rraj D
d i=4fst j= O f :

Ki+hikasooga
ichldchizilganaylananing
radiusi QD, = = utr"', DKKJt trapetsiyaga
*2,J3 ichki aylanauningqarama-qarshl

a b
ionronlariyig'rndisiiengbo'lgandachizishmumftin, DD= KKr=l= DK+="D.RL=
shunclan -= ^-F.!
|||||||||]=;F t=- -
^E1a+nlz
2 2 2Ji' 4

F"0"qgqg"u:
nogB9q.0
[4,,b5"6
1
1'r:
 ;hizl\gaw
-----'---- a sl'r-llldby ? ra.diusl!ai4ana i';ld.li
'- l
i',ri."l prizflaga 1 t'b'6'Lti9x'l. nuj*U"'-.1.**r1f:-U:t*"^"tt* t:-ti::-=
'lul'ilgunsharning
hajlni40 Fla'wnee"hki
.i o g rl prizmaning
To'g'ri L\*rL'-'
I'ladl,
".'iadi,1"1,lfl: IJlrilr'et'rb 1"^tt ^..
s o u o " = i 0*=T - --t'' ac'
= A f ,= S o n o " ' 4 '
rn:ff , 4 b e ' t a d i{'
= t o * u " - R = 2 h o ' l sfai =

a
tl
I
I

'rri"iig* uchbru'chaklipilamidagaichki
Muntazam
vonvog'iapo.{:T1sic.1
rrt* pirarnida
oKr=oK
*'"-tur*t t3_.ralm'
;;;;fi. asossaichkichizilgan
o'rinli'
radiusi' DK':pL tengliklar
-
Siaming tadiusi K1DKuchburchai<ra
teng'
ichki chizilganaylanaradiusiga
Bundao'xshash
Konusichigasilindrichki cieizilgan' ! 4-rasrtt
rnasalalaryechiladi'
igU furOuifoydalanib

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rmulaga etib qo'yamiz va
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, r ,=-r^
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tomoni
paralleiogramninsbir t-*t;l"fltT-til11:T:*i:"ffi
chizilgantrii,
hunday -h = --
v:'! dh- hy- ss (I
qanday tanlab otish kerak? 's"'^'=y"t' ;
ichun uning asosini lv ni)

ah-h1, atry-hle, - t,,- JJ-

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tenelama
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foydalanarni
tarlibi:L o'xshashligidan
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qo'vib' norga tengrashtiramiz
ffi;h,:Hffiit;ltrt|1l
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shargaichli engkattahajmgaegabo'leankonusning
r,/-A-\ M, RadiusiR ga tengbo'lgan 'no'*f-un"g;fnUaan rt+x'=fr'
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yrizn"-n,

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