Cours Serie Entiere

Transféré par Äbđøú Æzíz le Mar 07, 2021

 100% (1) · 137 vues · 21 pages

Titre amélioré par l'IA

Informations du document 

Date du transfert
Enregistrer
Mar 07, 2021

Titre original
S°mrbms mitbjmrms
cours_serie_entiere_
°
Mcadm Sup°mrbmurm Scbmicms Eppdbqu°mms `‒Edkmr
Copyright Eiedysm 3
< mnm Eii°mm

© © All Rights Reserved Dms s°mrbms mitbjmrms

De tf°marbm `m

Partager ce document
s°mrbms mitbjmrms pmrnmt `‒mxprbnmr de neharbt m° `ms gaictbais usumddms cannm sannms `m s m° rbms. Ai `bt qu‒uim gaictbai eiedytbqum
mst uim gaictbai qub pmut s‒mxprbnmr dacedmnmit cannm s m° rbm mitbjmrm caivmrkmitm. Cmcb pmrnmt `m ` m° naitrmr cmrtebims praprb m° t°ms
`m cms gaictbais, `m cedcudmr `ms sannms „canpdbqu°mms„ mt m° kedmnmit `m r°msau`rm `ms mquetbais `bgg°mrmitbmddms.
@eis cm cfepbtrm ai m° tu`bm dms s°mrbms mitbjmrms. Ai s‒bit°mrmssm `eis ui prmnbmr tmnps eux praprb m° t°ms `m de sannm `‒uim s°mrbm mitbjmrm,
ai vmrre misubtm cannmit mxprbnmr `ms gaictbais usumddms cannm sannms `m s m° rbms mitbjmrms.

5
Facebook
Iatbais `m lesm
Twitter


5.5 @°mſtibtbai `‒uim s°mrbm mitbjmrm

]im s°mrbm mitbjmrm canpdmxm (\mspmctbvmnmit s°mrbm mitbjmrm r°mmddm ) mst uim s°mrbm `m gaictbai `m de garnm ∕ ei zi (\mspmctbvmnmit
≭
i :

∕ ei xi ) a uj ei ∆ C, z ∆ C (\mspmctbvmnmit ei ∆ \, x ∆ \). (ei )i mst uim subtm iun°mrbqum r°mmddm au canpdmxm.

i : ≭
Courriel
x m i i
i sbi i i
Mxmnpdms 8 ∕
, z ,
i!
∕ i
∕ i<
z
i≭: i 5 ≭ i 5 ≭

5.< Dmnnm `‒Elmd 8

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?
‐ s‒bd mxbstm z: tmd qum de s°mrbm ∕ ei zi: caivmrkm, edars de s m° rbm mitbjmrm ∕ ei zi caivmrkm elsadunmit paur taut z tmd qum
i : ≭ i : ≭
| z |4| z |. :

‐ s‒bd mxbstm z: tmd qum de s°mrbm ∕ ei zi: `bvmrkm, edars de sm° rbm mitbjmrm ∕ ei zi `bvmrkm krassbjmrmnmit paur taut z tmd qum | z |9| z: |.
i :≭ i : ≭
Zrmuvm 8
- Sabt z: tmd qum de s°mrbm iun°mrbqum ∕ ei zi: caivmrkm ⇜ i↜dbn+∙ei zi: > : ⇜ de subtm ei zi: mst lari°mm ⇜ ∃N ∆ \+ , ∊i ∆ I, | ei zi: |4 N.
i : ≭
@‒eutrm pert ai e 8
Ce∊icontenu
∆ I 8 | e z |>est-il
| e z | (inapproprié
|| i
i :
|| ? Signaler
|z| ce document
i
i :
z
z:
i
| | ) ≠ N ( | | ) mt ∕ ( | z | ) mst uim s°mrbm iun°mrbqum caivmrkmitm ⇜ de s°mrbm ∕ e z
z
z:
i i
i
i
caivmrkm
≭ ≭ i : : i :
elsadunmit.
-Zaur de `muxbjmnm essmrtbai suppasais qum de s m° rbm ∕ ei zi: `bvmrkm mt sabt z5 tmd qum | z5 |9| z: |. Sb ∕ ei zi5 caivmrkm edars `‒epr mj s
i : ≭ i : ≭
de prmnbjmrm essmrtbai `u dmnnm `‒Elmd de s°mrbm ∕ ei zi: caivmrkm(Elsur`m). ⇜∕e z i
i
`bvmrkm paur taut z5 9 z: . | | | |
i : ≭ i : ≭

5.3 \eyai `m caivmrkmicm

5.3.5 @°mſtibtbai 8

Sabt ∕ ei zi uim s°mrbm mitbjmrm. Bd mxbstm ui uibqum \ ∆ \+ ∨{+∙} tmd qum 8

≭
i :

Zekm 5

S°mrbms mitbjmrms

i
| |
‐ sb z 4 \ de s°mrbm ∕e z i caivmrkm elsadunmit.
≭ i :
i
‐ sb | z |9 \ de s°mrbm ∕ e z i `bvmrkm krassbjmrmnmit.
i : ≭
\ mst eppmd°m dm reyai `m caivmrkmicm `m de s°mrbm mitbjmrm ∕ ei zi .
i : ≭
i
@\ > z { ∆ C/|z| 4 \} mst dm `bsqum (auvmrt) `m caivmrkmicm `m de s m° rbm mitbjmrm ∕ e z . i
i : ≭

5.0 @°mtmrnbietbai `u reyai `m caivmrkmicm 8

Sabt ∕ ei zi uim s°mrbm mitbjmrm.

≭
i :
ei+5
5. Zasais  > dbn
i↜+∙
| ei |. Mi utbdbseit dm crbt mjrm `m `‒Edmnlmrt ai e 8
|ei+5 zi+5 |
dbn i > dbn | eie+i 5 || z |>  | z |. Cmcb bnpdbqum qum sb  | z |4 5 ⇜| z |4 5 de s°mrbm caivmrkm elsadunmit, sbiai
i↜+∙ |ei z | i↜+∙
( z 9 5 ) de s°mrbm `bvmrkm.
| |
<. Zasais  > dbn
i ↜+∙
|
i
e |. Mi utbdbseit dm crbt mj rm `m Ceucfy 8
i

i
dbn
↜+∙
|
i
ei zi | >  | z |. Zubs ai e`aptm dm nm̌nm rebsaiimnmit qum pr m° c°m`mnnmit, ai elautbt ej de nm̌nm caicdusbai, \ >  5

5.= \jmkdm `‒Fe`ener`

Bd s‒ekbt `‒uim rjmkdm paur `°mtmrnbimr dm reyai `m caivmrkmicm `‒uim s°mrbm mitbjmrm 8 Sabt ∕ ei zi uim s°mrbm mitbjmrm, mt \ sai reyai
i : ≭
`m caivmrkmicm.
5 |
Edars \ mst `aii°m per 8> dbn Sup i ei . |
\ i↜+∙
Cmttm garnudm `‒Fe`ener` mst pdus k m° i°mredm qum de rjmkdm `m @‒Edmnlmrt mt `m Ceucfy, nebs mst prmsqum tauhaurs nabis pretbqum.

5.=.5 Mxmnpdms

xi 5 ei+5 i<
5. sabt de s°mrbm ∕ i<
evmc e i > i<
.utbdbsais dm crbt mj rm `m @‒Edmnlmrt ai e dbn
i ↜+∙ | ei
|> dbn (i+5)<
↜
i +∙
>  > 5. Edars dm reyai
i 5 ≭
5
`m caivmrkmicm \ >  > 5. De s°mrbm caivmrkm elsadunmit paur x 4 5 mt `bvmrkm paur x 9 5. | | | |
Zekm <

S°mrbms mitbjmrms

i
| |
paur x > 5 ai trebtm `mux ces 8 sb x > 5 de s°mrbm ∕
5
i<
mst \bmneii caivmrkmitm mt sb x > ∜5 de s°mrbm ∕ (∜i5) <
caivmrkm
i≭: i : ≭
`‒eprjms Dmblibz. Dm `anebim `m caivmrkmicm `m cmttm s m° rbm mst @ c > _ 5, 5^ ∜
xi
∕ (i + 5)! evmc ei > (i+55)! . ai e i↜dbn+∙ ie+i 5 > i↜dbn+∙ ((ii++<))! >  > :. Edars dm reyai `m caivmrkmicm \ > 5 >
e 5 !
<. sabt de s°mrbm | |
i≭:
+∙. De s°mrbm mitbjmrm mst elsadunmit caivmrkmitm paur taut x \. ∆
i i i i i
3. de s°mrbm

i
dbn
↜ +∙
∕| |
i
i : ≭
(
i+<
i >
ei > dbn ( i+<)
5
i↜+∙
) z evmc ei > ( i+< ) . Dm crbtjmrm `m Ceucfy `aiim 8

⇜ \ > 5.
i
De s°mrbm caivmrkm elsadunmit paur z 4 5 mt `bvmrkm krassb mj rmnmit sb z 9 5. Zaur z > 5 de s°mrbm | | | | | | ∕ ( i + < )i zi `bvmrkm
i : ≭
i i 5
cer dbn ( i+
i↜+∙ <) > > : (cai`btbai i°mcmssebrm iai v°mrbſt°mm. Edars dm `anebim `m caivmrkmicm mst @ > {z ∆ C 8| z | 4 5}
m< c

i i i
0. Sabt de s°mrbm ∕ (3 + (∜5) ) z . Eppdbquais de rjmkdm `‒Fe`ener` ai e 8
≭  i :
i i i 5
dbn Sup | (3 + (∜5) ) | > 0 ⇜ \ > 0
↜ +∙
i

< Zraprb°mt°ms `ms s°mrbms mitbjmrms

<.5 Dbi°merbt°m mt pra`ubt `m `mux s°mrbms mitbjmrms 8

Sabmit ∕ ei zi mt ∕ lizi `mux s°mrbms mitbjmrms `m reyais `m caivmrkmicm \e mt \l rmspmctbvmnmit.

i : ≭ i : ≭
5. de s°mrbm mitbjmrm sannm ∕ ci zi > ∕ (ei + li )zi mst `m reyai `m caivmrkmicm \ c ≭ nbi(\e , \l ). @m pdus sb \ e >
 \l edars
≭
i : i : ≭
\c > nbi(\e , \l ).
o>i
<. de s°mrbm mitbjmrm pra`ubt ∕ ci zi > ( ∕ ei zi )( ∕ li zi ) aju ∊i ∆ I 8 ci > ∕ eo li∜o (eppmd°m pra`ubt `m Ceucfy `m `mux s m° rbms).
i : ≭ i : ≭ i : ≭ o>:
Dm reyai `m caivmrkmicm `m cmttm s m° rbm pra`ubt mst \ c ≭ nbi(\ , \ ) e l

<.< Caivmrkmicm iarnedm `‒uim s°mrbm mitbjmrm `‒uim verbeldm r°mmddm saus taut smknmit bicdus `eis
d‒bitmrveddm auvmrt `m caivmrkmicm

<.<.5 Pf°marjmnm 8

Sabt ∕ ei xi uim s°mrbm mitbjmrm `m reyai `m caivmrkmicm \, edars paur taut υ ∆^:, \_ de s°mrbm caivmrkm iarnedmnmit sur _∜υ, υ^.
≭
i :
i i i
Zrmuvm 8 Mi mggmt ai e Sup | x |≠| e | υ . | e x |>| e |
i i Sup i
∆∜
x _ υ,υ^ ∆∜
x _ υ,υ^
i i i
Cannm ∕ | e | υ caivmrkm edars de s°mrbm ∕ Sup | e x | caivmrkm ⇚⇜ ∕ e x
i i i caivmrkm iarnedmnmit sur _ υ, υ^ ∜
≭ i : ≭ ∆_∜υ,υ^ ≭ i :x i :

<.3 Caitbiubt°m `m de sannm sur d‒bitmrveddm auvmrt `m caivmrkmicm

<.3.5 Pf°marjmnm
+∙
Sabt ∕ ei xi uim s°mrbm mitbjmrm `m reyai `m caivmrkmicm \ 9 : mt se sannm S(x) > ∕ ei xi paur taut x ∆^ ∜ \, \_. Edars de
≭
i : i>:
gaictbai S mst caitbium sur ^ ∜ \, \_.

Zekm 3

S°mrbms mitbjmrms

Zrmuvm 8 de s°mrbm ∕ ei xi caivmrkm iarnedmnmit sur taut _ ∜υ, υ^, υ ∆^:, \_>⇜ ∕ ei xi caivmrkm uibgarn°mnmit sur _ ∜υ, υ^ vmrs
i : ≭ ≭
i :
+∙
se sannm S (x) > ∕ ei xi ⇜ de gaictbai S mst caitbium.
i>:

<.0 Bit°mkretbai tmrnm e tmrnm `‒uim s°mrbm mitbjmrm `‒uim verbeldm r°mmddm sur d‒bitmrveddm `m caivmr-
kmicm 8

<.0.5 Pf°marjmnm 8

Sabt ∕ ei xi uim s°mrbm mitbjmrm `‒uim verbeldm r m° mddm `m reyai `m caivmrkmicm \. Edars paur taut x ∆^ ∜ \, \_ 8
≭
i :
x x
xi+5
 

( ∕ eit i ) `t > ∕ eit i `t > ∕ (ei i + 5 ).

: ≭
i : i : :≭ i : ≭
i i
Zrmuvm 8 Sabt x ^ ∆ ∜ \, \_ de s°mrbm ∕ e x i caivmrkm iarnedmnmit `aic uibgarn m° nmit sur _:, x^ ⊌^ ∜ \, \_ mt cfequm g 8 t ↜ e t i i mst
i : ≭
x x
xi+5
 

caitbium sur _:, x^, `aic vbe dm tf°marjmnm `m pmrnutetbai sannm-bit m° kredm ai e 8 ( ∕ eit i ) `t > ∕ eit i `t > ∕ (ei ).
: i : ≭ i : :
≭ i≭:
i+5
Mxmnpdm 8 De s°mrbm mitbjmrm ∕ xi , `m reyai `m caivmrkmicm \ > 5, e paur sannm S 8 x 8 ∜↜ 5
5∜x .
i :≭
Ebisb vbe dm tf m° arjmnm pr°mc°m`mit, paur taut x ^ 5, 5_ 8 ∆∜


x +∙ i+5 +∙ i+5 +∙ i
5 x x x
`t > ∕ di (5 x) > ∕ > ∕ ⇜ ∜ ∜ ∜
: 5 t ∜ i>: i + 5 i>: i + 5 i>5 i

<.= @°mrbvetbai tmrnm e tmrnm `‒uim s°mrbm mitbjmrm `‒uim verbeldm r°mmddm sur d‒bitmrveddm `m caivmr-
kmicm 8

<.=.5 Pf°marjmnm 8
+∙ +∙
de s°mrbm mitbjmrm ∕ ei xi e dm nm̌nm reyai `m caivmrkmicm qum se s°mrbm `°mrbv°mm ∕ (ei xi) > ∕ iei xi∜5 > ∕ (i + 5)ei+5 xi
i : ≭ i :≭ i>5 i>:

<.=.< Pf°marjmnm 8
i>+∙
Sabt ∕ ei xi uim s°mrbm mitbjmrm `‒uim verbeldm r m° mddm `m reyai `m caivmrkmicm \. Edars de gaictbai sannm S(x) > ∕ ei xi mst
≭
i : i>:
i>+∙ i>+∙
`m cdessm C5 sur ^ ∜ \, \_ mt v°mrbſtm paur taut x ∆^ ∜ \, \_ 8 S (x) > ( ∕ ei xi ) > ∕ iei xi∜5 .
i>: i>5

Zrmuvm 8 de s°mrbm mitbjmrm `°mrbv°mm ∕ iei xi∜5 e paur reyai `m caivmrkmicm \. edars `‒eprjms dm tf°marjmnm `m caitbiubt m° se gaictbai
+∙
sannm @ 8 x ↜ ∕ iei xi∜5 mst caitbium sur ^ ∜ \, \_.
i>5
@‒eutrm pert `‒epr mj s dm tf°marjmnm `m pmrnutetbai sannm bit m° kredm, ai e 8
i>+∙ i>+∙ 

x 

x
∊x ∆^ ∜ \, \_8 S(x) > ∕ ei xi > ∕ ieit i∜5 `t > @(t ) `t .
> i : i>: : :
@aic @ mst caitbium sur ^ ∜ \, \_, `aic paur taut x ∆^ ∜ \, \_, S mst caitbium sur ^ ∜ \, \_ mt S (x) > @(x).
>+∙ i
c‒mst- ej -`brm 8 S  (x) > ∕ iei xi∜5 .
i>5
Mxmnpdm
De sannm S `m de s°mrbm ∕ xi mst `°mſtibm paur taut x ∆^ ∜ 5, 5_ per S(x) > 5∜5 x . Wbe dm tf°marjmnm pr°mc°m`mit, paur taut x ∆^ ∜ 5, 5_ ai
i : ≭

Zekm 0

S°mrbms mitbjmrms

e8
i>+∙
5 5
∕ ixi∜5 > ( 
i>5 5 ∜ x ) > (5 ∜ x) <

Caraddebrm 5. De sannm `‒uim s°mrbm mitbjmrm mst `m cdessm C ∙ `eis d‒bitmrveddm `m caivmrkmicm.
∙
Caraddebrm <. Sabt S de sannm `m de s°mrbm ∕ ei xi . Edars
i>:

S(o) (:)
∊o 8 e o >
o!
.

@°mnaistretbai 8
@‒eprjms dm tf°marjmnm pr°mc°m`mit, ai e,
∙
S(o) (x) > ∕ i(i ∜ 5). . . (i ∜ o + 5)eixi∜o ,
i>o

De rmdetbai mi `°mcaudm mi paseit x > :.

∙ ∙
Caraddebrm 3. Sb dms sannms `ms s°mrbms ∕ ei xi mt ∕ li xi caĵ̈icb`mit `eis ui vabsbiekm `m : , edars i 8 ei > li . ∊
i>: i>:

Zaur m̌trm canpdmt, iaus eddais iaus bit m° rmssmr eux larims `m d‒bitmrveddm `m caivmrkmicm, c‒mst ej `brm eux vedmurs x > µ\ eſti
`m caistbtumr dm `anebim `m caivmrkmicm.

<.=.3 Pf°marjmnm 8 (Smcai` Dmnnm `‒Elmd)

∙ ∙
Sabmit \ ∆^:, +∙_ dm reyai `m caivmrkmicm `m de s m°rbm ∕ ei xi mt S se sannm. Sb de s°mrbm ∕ ei \i mst caivmrkmitm, edars
i>: i>:

x
dbn S(x) >
↜\∜ ∕ ei \i .
i>:

@°mnaistretbai 8
Zaur dms lmsabis `m cmttm ` m° naistretbai pasais,
∙ i
σ> ∕ ei \i , σi > ∕ eo \o , σ∜5
i>: o >:

||
Zaur x 4 \, ai e
∙ ∙ ∙
xi  ∜ ∕ x xi
S(x) > ∕ ei xi > ∕ (σi ∜ σi∜5 ) \i > 5
\
σi
\i
i>: i>: i>:
mt
 ∜ ∕ ∙ i
x x
σ> 5 σ ,
\ i>: \i
Cm qub iaus `aiim,
 ∜ ∕ ∙ i
x
S(x) ∜σ > 5
\
(σi ∜ σ ∜ ) \x i 5 i
.
i>:

Sabt ν 9 :. Cannm σ i ↜ σ, bd mxbstm o 9 : tmd qum,

   ∙
∊x, : 4 x 4 \ 8  ∕ ≠
∜ ∜ 5
x
\
(σi σ)
x
\
sup σi | ∜ σ| 4 <ν .
i>o+5 i o+5
≭
Dm ianlrm o °mteit ſtx°m, bd mxbstm ΰ 9 : tmd qum
  x o
x ν

∊x, \ ∜ ΰ 4 x 4 \ 8 ∜ ∕ ∜ 5
\ i>:
(σi σ)
\
4 .
< 
Zekm =

S°mrbms mitbjmrms

ν ν
Ebisb, paur \ ∜ ΰ 4 x 4 \, ai e |S(x) ∜ σ| 4 < + < > ν, `‒aju dm tf°marjmnm.
Mxmnpdm
∙ i
Sabt des m° rbm ∕ ( 5)i+5∘x i . Mi utbdbseit der mj kdm `m `‒Edmnlmrt, ai caistetm qum sai reyai `m caivmrkmicm \ > 5. @aic d‒bitmrveddm
∜
i>5
`m caivmrkmicm mst B >^ ∜ 5, 5_.
∙ (∜5) + i 5
Mi autrm, paur x > 5, de s°mrbm ∕ ∘i mst caivmrkmitm (mi vmrtu `u crbt mj rm `m Dmblibtz), ai e edars,
i>5

∙ ∙
( 5)i+5 xi
∜∘ ( 5)i+5
∜∘
↜5∜ i∕ ∕
dbn > .
x >5 i i>5 i

∙ ( 5)i+5 ( 5)i
∜ ∘∜ ∙ ( 5)<i+5
∜∘ ∙
Zer ebddmurs, paur x > ∜5, De s°mrbm ∕
i>5 i
> ∕
i>5 i
> ∜ ∕> ∘5i mst `bvmrkmitm (cannm uim s°mrbm `m \bmneii
i 5
5
evmc ε > 4 5).
<
Cm qub iaus `aiim, cannm `anebim `m caivmrkmicm, @ >^ ∜ 5, 5^.
\mnerqum 5. De r°mcbpraqum `u smcai` dmnnm `‒Elmd mst geussm mi k°mi°mred. Cm qub rmvbmit ej `brm qum paur uim s°mrbm mitbjmrm
∙
S(x) > ∕ ei xi `m reyai `m caivmrkmicm \, de dbnbtm dbn S(x) pmut mxbstmr edars qum ∕ ei \i `bvmrkm. C‒mst dm ces, iatennmit, sb
i>: ∜ x ↜\
5 5
ei > ( 5)i , ai e S (x) >
∜ ||
paur x 4 5 , `aic dbn S(x) > edars qum ∕( 5)i `bvmrkm. ∜
5+x x ↜5∜ <

3 @°mvmdappmnmit mi s°mrbms mitbjmrms `‒uim gaictbai `‒uim verbeldm r°mmddm 8

@eis cmttm pertbm `u caurs, iaus eddais m° tmi`rm dm r°msudtet `u caraddebrm `u tf°marjmnm parteit sur de `°mrbvetbai `m de sannm
`‒uim s°mrbm mitbjmrm. Cm caraddebrm stbpudm qu‒bd mxbstm uim rmdetbai mitrm dms ` m° rbv°mms succmssbvms `m de sannm `‒uim s m° rbm mitbjmrm mt
S(i) (x: )
dms camgſtcbmits (ei )i essacb°ms ej cmttm s°mrbm, mi cdebr, paur taut i 8 ei > .
i!
Bd s‒ekbt, `aic, `‒ui ` m° vmdappmnmit `‒uim gaictbai `m de verbeldm x (mi d‒accurrmicm de gaictbai sannm S ) mi s°mrbm mitbjmrm.
@mux qumstbais s‒bnpasmit 8

5. Mst-cm qum tautm s°mrbm mitbjmrm mst de rmpr m° smitetbai (qum iaus eppmddmrais ` m° vmdappmnmit) `‒uim gaictbai `m de verbeldm x.

<. Dm praldjmnm bivmrsm, ej sevabr rmcaiieĵ̌trm sb uim gaictbai g (sugſtsennmit r°mkudbjmrm) pmut-m̌trm rmpr°msmit°m m per uim s°mrbm
mitbjmrm.

3.5 Gaictbai `°mvmdappeldm mi s°mrbm mitbjmrm 8

@°mſtibtbai 5. Sabmit x: ∆ \, W ui vabsbiekm `u pabit x : mt g 8 W ∜↜ \. Ai `bt qum g mst `°mvmdappeldm mi s°mrbm mitbjmrm eu vabsbiekm
`u pabit x: (qum d‒ai elrjmkm per @SM(x: )) sb mt smudmnmit s‒bd mxbstm uim s°mrbm mitbjmrm `m reyai `m caivmrkmicm \ 9 : tmddm qum

+∙
∊x ∆ W ∢^x ∜ \, x : : + \_, g (x) > ∕ ei (x ∜ x:)i
i>:

\mnerqum <.

Evmc dms iatetbais `m de `°mſtibtbai pr°mc°m`mitm, per dm cfeikmnmit `m verbeldm x ∜ x ∜↜ y ∜↜ x, g mst @SM(x ) sb mst smudmnmit
: :

sb y ∜↜ g (x : + y) mst @SM(:). Iaus eddais `aic iaus bit mrmssmr,

° mssmitbmddmnmit, ej de iatbai `m gaictbais ` mvmdappeldms
° mi s°mrbm
mitbjmrm eu vabsbiekm `m :.

Zekm 7

Plus d'1 million de membres lui font confiance

Essayez Scribd GRATUITEMENT pendant 30 jours pour

accéder à plus de 125 millions de titres sans pubs ni
interruptions !

Commencez l'essai gratuit

Annulez à tout moment

S°mrbms mitbjmrms

3.< Gaictbai `°mvmdappeldm mi s°mrbm `m Peydar 8

@°mſtibtbai <. Sabt g uim gaictbai `m cdessm C ∙ `eis ui vabsbiekm `u pabit x: . De s°mrbm,
∙
g (i) (x: ) i
∕ i!
(x ∜x ) :
i>:

s‒eppmddm s mrbm
° `m Peydar `m g eu vabsbiekm `m x : .
∙ g (i) (:)
Sb x : > : , de s°mrbm ∕ xi s‒eppmddm micarm s mrbm
° `m Necdeurbi.
i>: i!
∙
i
Dm dbmi evmc de smctbai pr°mc°m`mitm `mvbmit m° vb`mit ` mj s dars qum d‒ai iatm qum de sannm S `m de s°mrbm mitbjmrm ∕ ei (x
i>:
∜x ) : mst

S(i) (x :)
`m cdessm C ∙ `eis d‒bitmrveddm `m caivmrkmicm mt qum, per ebddmurs, paur taut i 8 ei > .
i!
Iaus pauvais `aic m° iaicmr de prapasbtbai subveitm 8
∙
i
Zrapasbtbai 5. Pautm s°mrbm mitbjmrm ∕ ei (x
i>:
∜x ) : mst de s°mrbm `m Peydar `m se sannm eu vabsbiekm `m x : .

\mnerqum 3. Bd mst passbldm qu‒uim gaictbai sabt `m cdessm C ∙ sur ui vabsbiekm `m : seis qum g i‒e`nmttm `m @SM(:). Cannm
5
mxmnpdm, caisb`mrais
° de gaictbai x ∜↜ m∜ x< 
sb x > : qum d‒ai pradaikm per : paur x > :. Mi cdebr,
 m
∜ x5< sb x>: 
g (x) >
 : sb x>:

Cmttm gaictbai mst `m cdessm C ∙ `eis \. Mi mggmt, mddm mst bi` mſtibnmit
° `mrbveldm
° paur taut x iai iud mt se ` mrbv°
° mm `‒ar`rm i mst `m
de garnm
Zi (x) ∜ 5<
∊x > :, g (i) (x) > m x ,
x3i
aju Zi mst ui padyianm
ˇ `m `mkrm° <i ∜ <. Zer subtm, dbn g ( ) (x) > :. Ebisb, ∊i ∆ I, g ( ) (:) > :. i i
↜ x :
De s°mrbm `m Peydar `m de gaictbai g mst `aic de s°mrbm iuddm mt bd i‒mxbstm eucui vabsbiekm sur dmqumd ai ebt mi taut pabit 8 g (x) >
∙ g (i) (:)
∕ xi , cer g im s‒eiiudm qu‒mi x : > :.
i>: i!
Cm qub iaus enjmim ej de rmcfmrcfm `‒uim cai`btbai i m° cmssebrm mt sugſtseitm paur d‒mxbstmicm `‒ui ` m° vmdappmnmit mi s°mrbm
mitbjmrm eu vabsbiekm `m :, qum d‒ai iatmre m° kedmnmit @SM(:). Zaur cmde, iaus eddais iaus eppuymr sur de garnudm `m Peydar eſti `m
`°mtmrnbimr dms cai`btbais sur g qub pmrnmttrait ui @SM(:).

Pf°marjmnm 5. Sabt g uim gaictbai `m cdessm C ∙ `eis d‒bitmrveddm B >^ ∜ e, e_, (e 9 :). Zaur qum g e`nmttm ui @SM(:) `eis B, bd
geut mt bd sugſtt qum,
∊x ∆ B 8 i
dbn \i (x) > :,
↜ +∙

aju \ i (x) mst dm rmstm `eis de garnudm `m Peydar,

 
x
(x ∜ t) i
g (i+5) (t ) `t , rmstm bitmkred.
°
 : i!
i
g (o) (:)
\i (x) > g (x) ∜∕ xo > au lbmi,
o >:
o!  g (i+5) (ζx) (i+5)
x , evmc : 4 ζ 4 5, rmstm `m Dekreikm.
(i + 5)!
\mnerqum 0.

@eis dm tf mar
° mj nm prmc°
° m`mit iaus cfabsbrais d‒ui qumdcaiqum `ms rmstms `m de garnudm `m Peydar. @eis de pretbqum, dm rmstm bit mkred
°
au cmdub `m Dekreikm caivbmiimit sauvmit.

Zekm ;

S°mrbms mitbjmrms

Cm tf°marjmnm pr°mcbsm uim cai`btbai i°mcmssebrm mt sugſtseitm, `aic uim mqubvedmicm,

° mitrm de gebt paur uim gaictbai `aii°mm `‒ˇmtrm `m
cdessm C ∙ mt e`nmttrm ui @SM(:) per de garnudm `m Peydar. Bd mst canna`m `m d‒utbdbsmr paur naitrmr qu‒uim gaictbai mst `m cdessm
C ∙ sur ui `anebim `aii°m, paur cmde bd sugſtt `m naitrmr qu‒mddm mst `°mvmdappeldm mi s°mrbm mitbjmrm sur cm `anebim.

De cai`btbai i°mcmssebrm mt sugſtseitm i‒mst pes °mvb`mitm ej mxprbnmr, iaus pr°mg°mrmrais d‒utbdbsetbai `m de cai`btbai sugſtseitm
subveitm 8

Pf°marjmnm <. Sabt g uim gaictbai `m cdessm C ∙ `eis B >^ ∜ e, e_, (e 9 :). S‒bd mxbstm uim caistetm N 9 : tmddm qum,
∊x ∆ B, ∊i 8 | g ( )(x)| ≠ N, i

edars,
∙
g (i) (:) i
∊x ∆ B 8 g (x) > ∕ i!
x .
i>:

@°mnaistretbai 8
Zaur cmttm `°mnaistretbai iaus eddais caisb`°mrmr dm rmstm \i `m de garnudm `m Peydar saus garnm `m Dekreikm, iaus eurais de
neharetbai,  
g (i+5) (ζx) i+5 Nei+5
∊x ∆ B 8 |\ (x)| > i
 (i + 5)!
x
≠ (i + 5)!
,

ei+5
De caicdusbai pravbmit `u tf m° arjm nm (5), cer dbn
i↜+∙ (i + 5)! > : mt dm reyai `m caivmrkmicm \ `m de s°mrbm mi qumstbai v°mrbſtm \ ≭ e.
\mnerqum =. De cai`btbai m`bct
° mm
° per cm tf°marmj nm i‒mst pes i°mcmssebrm. Zaur essmabr cmttm egſtrnetbai, caisb` mrais
° de gaictbai
g `mſtibm
° per,
∙
<i
g (x) > ∕ i! xi .
i>:

Sai reyai `m caivmrkmicm mst \ > + ∙ (paur s‒mi caivebicrm utbdbsmr de r mj kdm `m `‒Edmnlmrt)? `aic g mst `m cdessm C ∙ `eis \ .
Caisb`mrais
° ° mms succmssbvms g (i) , ai altbmit,
dms `mrbv°

∊i, g (i) (:) > <i ∜↜ +∙.

Ai vabt lbmi qum d‒fypatfjmsm `u tf°marmj nm i‒mst v°mrbſt°mm `eis eucui bitmrveddm `u typm ^ ∜ e, e_.

3.3 Ap°mretbais sur dms gaictbais `°mvmdappeldms mi s°mrbm mitbjmrm 8

Zrapasbtbai <. Sabmit ο ∆ \ (au C) mt g , k `mux gaictbais `°mvmdappeldms mi s°mrbm mitbjmrm, `m @SM(:) rmspmctbgs ∕ ei xi , ∕ li xi ,
i : ≭ i : ≭
edars ο g + k mst `°mvmdappeldm mi s°mrbm mitbjmrm mt e`nmt paur @SM(:) de s°mrbm ∕ (οei + li )xi .
i :≭
@°mnaistretbai 8
Caisb`°mrais \ 5 dm reyai `m caivmrkmicm `m de s°mrbm ∕ ei xi , \ < cmdub `m de s°mrbm ∕ li xi mt W5 , W< `mux vabsbiekms `m : `eis \
i : ≭ i : ≭
tmds qum,  \5 9 :, \< 9 :
 ∊ ∆ x ∢ ∜ \ , \ _,
W5 ^ 5 5 g (x) >
∙
∕ ei xi
 ∊ ∆ i>:
∙
x W ∢^ ∜ \ , \ _,
< < < k(x) > ∕ li xi .
i>:

Zekm 6

S°mrbms mitbjmrms

Dm reyai \ `m de s°mrbm mitbjmrm ∕ (οei + li )xi mst pasbtbg (cer \ ≭ nbi(\ , \ )), mt mi iateit W > W ∢ W
5 < 5 < ui vabsbiekm `m : `eis
i : ≭
\, ai altbmit,
∙
∊x ∆ W ∢^ ∜ \, \_, (ο g + k)(x) > ∕ (οei + li )xi .
i>:

cm qub naitrm qum ο g + k mst `°mvmdappeldm mi s°mrbm mitbjmrm eu vabsbiekm `m :.

Zrapasbtbai 3. Sabmit g mt k `mux gaictbais `°mvmdappeldms mi s°mrbm mitbjmrm eu vabsbiekm `m :. Edars g k mst `°mvmdappeldm mi s°mrbm
mitbjmrm, mt dm @SM(:) `m ( g k) mst dm pra`ubt `ms @SM(:) `m g mt `m k.

@°mnaistretbai 8
Iaus ker`ais dms nm̌nms iatetbais qum cmddms `m de prapasbtbai pr°mc°m`mitm. Dm reyai \  `m de s°mrbm pra`ubt ∕ ci xi (bd s‒ekbt lbmi
i : ≭
i
mitmi`u `u pra`ubt `m Ceucfy, c‒mst je `brm, c i > ∕ eo li∜o ) mst pasbtbg, cer \  ≭ nbi(\ , \ ) mt ai e 5 <
o>:

∙
∊x ∆ W ∢^ ∜ \ , \_? ( g k)(x) > ∕ ci xi ,
i>:

cm qub naitrm qum g k mst `°mvmdappeldm mi s°mrbm mitbjmrm.

Zrapasbtbai 0. Sabt g uim gaictbai ` mvmdappeldm

° ° mm g  `m g mst `mvmdappeldm
mi s°mrbm mitbjmrm eu vabsbiekm `m :. Edars de `mrbv° ° mi
s°mrbm mitbjmrm eu vabsbiekm `m : mt dm @SM(:) mst altmiu mi `mrbveit
° tmrnm ej tmrnm dm @SM(:) `m g.

@°mnaistretbai 8
Cannm g e`nmt ui @SM(:), caisb`°mrais `aic de s°mrbm ∕ ei xi , `m reyai `m caivmrkmicm \ 9 :, mt ui vabsbiekm W `m : `eis \
i : ≭
tmds qum,
∙
∊x ∆ W ∢)^ ∜ \, \_8 g (x) > ∕ ei xi .
i>:

Ar, `‒eprjms dm tf°marjmnm parteit sur de ` m° rbvetbai `ms s°mrbms mitbjmrms, g mst `°mrbveldm sur W )^ ∢ ∜ \, \_ mt 8
∙
∊x ∆ W ∢)^ ∜ \, \_8 g  (x) > ∕ iei xi∜5 ,
i>5

cm qub naitrm qum g  mst `°mvmdappeldm mi s°mrbm mitbjmrm eu vabsbiekm `m : mt qum sai @SM(:) s‒altbmit mi ` m° rbveit tmrnm je tmrnm dm
@SM(:) `m g .

\mnerqum 7. Bd mst bitmrmsseit

° `m s‒errmtmr
ˇ ui nanmit sur ui pabit `m de ` mnaistretbai
° prmc°
° m`mitm. De s°mrbm altmium mi `mrbveit
°
∙
tmrnm ej tmrnm im cannmicm pes per dm n mnm
ˇ bi`bcm qum de s°mrbm bibtbedm. Mi mggmt, iaus rmnerquais qum paur g (x) > ∕ ei xi (i
i>:
∙
qub cannmicm per z°mra), mi `mrbveit
° ai altbmit, g  (x) > ∕ iei xi∜5 (i qub cannmicm per 5). Zaur d‒mxpdbqumr, rmvmiais vmrs de
i>5

`mſtibtbai
° `m de `mrbv°
° mm mt garnais dm quatbmit
g (x) ∜ g (:) , vedb`m mi taut vabsbiekm `m :. Ebisb, sb g mst `mvmdappeldm
° mi s°mrbm
x
mitbjmrm eu vabsbiekm `m : , edars d‒eppdbcetbai,
 g (x) ∜ g (:) sb x>: 
g˔ > x
g  ( :)
 sb x > :.

mst `mvmdappeldm
° mi s°mrbm mitbjmrm eu vabsbiekm `m :. Mi mggmt, bd mxbstm uim s mrbm
° mitbjmrm ∕ ei xi `m reyai \ 9 : mt W mi vabsbiekm
i : ≭
∙
`m : `eis \ tmds qum x ∊ ∆ W ∢^ ∜ \, \_8 g (x) > ∕ ei xi .
i>:

Zekm 2

S°mrbms mitbjmrms

+∙ +∙
Zaur x > : mt mi `°mcrbveit dms prmnbjmrms vedmurs `m i, ai trauvm g (:) > ∕ ei :i > e: mt g  (:) > ∕ iei :i∜5 > e5 , ai altbmit,
i>: i>5
 ∊ ∆ x (W ^ ∢ ∜ \, \_)  {:} 8 5
g˔(x) > _ g (x) ∜ g (:)^ > 5x ∙
∕ ei xi > ∕ ei+5 xi
∙

x i>5 i>:
 g˔(:) > g  (:) > e5 .

∙
mi cais°mqumicm `m quab, x ∊ ∆ W ∢^ ∜ \, \_8 g˔(x) > ∕ ei+5 xi .
i>:

Mxpdarais, ej pr m° smit, dm ces `ms `°mrbv°mms succmssbvms mt `ms prbnbtbvms.

Zrapasbtbai = (Caraddebrm `m de prapasbtbai pr°mc°m`mitm). Sabt g uim gaictbai `°mvmdappeldm mi s°mrbm mitbjmrm eu vabsbiekm `m :. Edars
dms `mrbv°
° mms succmssbvms mt dms prbnbtbvms `m g sait `mvmdappeldms
° mi s°mrbms mitbjmrms eu vabsbiekm `u pabit :. @m pdus, dms @SM(:)
`m cms `mrbv°
° mms au prbnbtbvms s‒altbmiimit mi ` mrbveit
° au mi prbnbtbveit tmrnm ej tmrnm dm @SM(:) `m g .

\mnerqum ;. Mi prbnbtbveit, bd mst i mcmssebrm

° `m vmbddmr ej im pes auldbmr de „caisteitm `‒bit mkretbai„.
° Mi mggmt, sb g e`nmt dm
∙
@SM(:) g (x) > ∕ ei xi mt sb G mst de prbnbtbvm `m g , edars G e`nmt paur @SM(:),
i>:

∙
ei
G (x) > G (:) + ∕ i + 5 xi+5 .
i>:

Miſti, caicmrieit dms reyais `m caivmrkmicms darsqu‒ai eppdbqum de ` m° rbvetbai au d‒bit m° kretbai.

Zrapasbtbai 7. De s mrbm
° mitbjmrm `mrbv°
° mm au prbnbtbvm `‒uim s°mrbm mitbjmrm passjm`m dm nˇmnm reyai qum cmddm-cb.

@°mnaistretbai 8 Iaus eddais naitrmr dm r°msudtet `m de prapasbtbai qub caicmrim de `°mrbvetbai. D‒bit°mkretbai s‒mi `°m`ubt cannm
ap°mretbai bivmrsm `m de ` m° rbvetbai.
Iatais \ e (rmspmctbvmnmit \e ) dm reyai `m ∕ ei xi (rmsp. ∕ iei xi∜5 ).
i: i5
Cannm paur taut x `m \∛ , ∕ iei xi∜5 caivmrkm sb, mt smudmnmit sb, de s m° rbm ∕ iei xi , \ e mst eussb dm reyai `m ∕ iei xi .
i5 i5 i5

5. Iaus evais i ∊ ∆ I∛, |e |  |ie |, edars \  \  . i i e e

5
<. Sabt x ∆ \ tmd qum |x| 4 \ . Bd mxbstm υ ∆ \+ tmd qum |x| 4 υ 4 \ . Ai pmut prmi`rm per mxmnpdm υ > (|x| + \ ).
e e e
<    i
Ai altbmit, ∊i ∆ I∛ , |ie x | > |e υ | » i
|x| . Cannm :  υ 4 \ ,de subtm (e υ ) mst lari°mm. Zer ebddmurs,
i
i
i
i
e i
i
i5
 υ
i
i
|x| ∜↜ :, darsqum i tmi` vmrs d‒biſtib.
υ
i
Ebisb, ie x ∜↜ : quei` i tmi` vmrs d‒biſtib, mt `aic |x|  \  . Mt `aic, \   \ .
i e e e

@aic, `ms pabits (5) mt (<), ai altbmit, \e > \e .

3.0 ]ibcbt°m `u `°mvmdappmnmit mi s°mrbm mitbjmrm 8

Zrapasbtbai ; (]ibcbt°m `u @SM). Sabmit W ui vabsbiekm `m : , g uim gaictbai `°mvmdappeldm mi s°mrbm mitbjmrm mi cm pabit mt ∕ ei xi
≭
i :
+∙
uim s°mrbm mitbjmrm `m reyai \ 9 : tmds qum 8 ∊x ∆ W ∢^ ∜ \, \_, g (x) > ∕ ei xi . Edars g mst `m cdessm C ∙ sur W ^ ∢ ∜ \, \_ mt
i>:
g (i) (:)
ei >
i!
, ∊i ∆ I.

Zekm 5:

S°mrbms mitbjmrms

@°mnaistretbai 8
@‒eprjms dm tf°marjmnm sur de `°mrbvetbai tmrnm ej tmrnm `‒uim s°mrbm mitbjmrm, se sannm S mst `m cdessm C ∙ sur ^ ∜ \, \_ mt S( ) > i!e , i
i

paur taut i ∆ I.
Cannm g mt S caĵ̈icb`mit sur W ^ ∢ ∜ \, \_, qub mst ui vabsbiekm `m : `eis \, bd mi r°msudtm qum g mst `m cdessm C ∙ sur W ∢^ ∜ \, \_ mt
qum g (i) > S(i) > i!ei .

0 Eppdbcetbais 8

Iaus eddais utbdbsmr dms prbicbpeux r m° sudtets vus husqu‒je pr m° smit eſti `‒°mteldbr uim teldm `ms @SM(:) `ms gaictbais usumddms.

0.5 @°mvmdappmnmits mi s°mrbm mitbjmrm usumds 8

0.5.5 Gaictbai mxpaimitbmddm 8

D‒eppdbcetbai m 8 x ∜ ↜ m x
mst `m cdessm C ∙ sur \ mt ∊i ∆ I, m(i) (:) > 5. Mi eppdbqueit de garnudm `m Peydar evmc rmstm
bit°mkred, ai altbmit, paur taut (i, x) `m I Û \,
x
i
xo (x ∜ t) i


mx > ∕ o! + mt `t .
o >:
i!
:

Bd s‒ekbt `m naitrmr qum \ i ∜↜ : quei` i ∜↜ +∙.



x
(x ∜ t) i
  
x
(x ∜ t) i
 ∜ (x t )i+5∜  
x
|x| + i 5
|\ (x)| >
i mt `t ≠ nex(5, mx ). `t > nex(5, mx ). > nex(5, mx ). .
 i!  i!  (i + 5)! : (i + 5)!
: :
i
x (x ∜ t) xo
mt `t


Ebisb, x ∊ ∆ \, i!
∜↜ :, quei` i ∜↜ +∙, `aic, per dm tf°marjmnm (5), ai altbmit de caivmrkmicm `m de sm°rbm ∕
o≭: o!
, mt
:
per cais°mqumit,
∙
xi
mx > ∕ i! .
i>:

5
@°mtmrnbiais dm reyai `m caivmrkmicm. Iaus evais, ei > , utbdbsais de r mj kdm `m `‒Edmnlmrt.
i!

dbn
 ei+5
> dbn
i!

> dbn
5
> :,
 
i ↜+∙ ei i↜+∙ (i + 5)! i↜+∙ i + 5

`aic, `‒eprjms de rjmkdm `m `‒Edmnlmrt, de s°mrbm mst caivmrkmitm paur taut x ∆ \. Ebisb, \ > +∙.
Mi ` m° ſtibtbg, ai altbmit,
∙
xi
∊x ∆ \, mx > ∕ i! .
i>:

Mi rmnpdec¶eit x per ∜x, ai altbmit, ∙

( 5)i xi
∜
∊x ∆ \, m∜x > ∕ .
i>:
i!

Zer canlbiebsai `ms ` m° vmdappmnmits `m mx mt m ∜x , ai altbmit dms @SM(:) `u casbius fypmrladbqum mt `u sbius fypmrladbqum,
 mx + m∜x ∙
x<i mx ∜ m∜ x ∙
x<i+5

∊x ∆ \, cfx > >∕ , sfx > > ∕ (<i + 5)! .
< i>:
(<i )! < i>:

Zekm 55
 S°mrbms mitbjmrms

mζx
° m° passbldm `‒utbdbsmr dm rmstm saus de garnm `m Dekreikm \ i (x) >
\mnerqum 6. Bd mut mt xi+5 evmc : 4 ζ 4 5. Cm qub `aiim,
(i + 5)!
dm ces °mcf°meit, paur taut x ſtx°m,

|\ (x)| >i
 mζx
xi+5
 ≠ m|x| x i+5 | | ∜↜ : darsqum i ∜↜ ∙.
(i + 5)! (i + 5)!

\mnerqumz d‒utbdbsetbai `m `mux tmcfibqums paur uim nˇmnm neharetbai. @eis dm ces `u rmstm bit mkred,
° iaus evais caisb` mr
° m° de
neharetbai `m d‒mxpaimitbmddm mi prmieit nex (5, mx ) paur „neĵ̌trbsmr„ dms vedmurs i mketbvms
° `m de verbeldm x ∆ \. @eis dm ces `u
rmstm saus garnm `m Dekreikm, iaus evais taut sbnpdmnmit prbs m |x| .

0.5.< Gaictbai sbius mt casbius 8

Dms eppdbcetbais sbius mt casbius sait `m cdessm C ∙ sur \ mt ai e,

   cas(i) (x) > cas x +
iϊ
∊x ∆ \, ∊i ∆ I,   <
iϊ
 sbi(i) (x) > sbi x +
<
cm qub iaus `aiim,

∊i ∆ I, cas(i) (:) > cas

   ∜iϊ
>
( 5) p sb i > <p
 < : sb i > < p + 5.

`m n m̌nm,

∊i ∆ I, sbi(i) (:) > sbi

   iϊ
>
: sb i > <p
∜ < ( 5) p sb i > < p + 5.

Mi eppdbqueit de garnudm `m Peydar, evmc rmstm bit m° kred, ai altbmit,

cas(o) (:) o
i x
(x ∜ t) i


∊i ∆ I, ∊x ∆ \, cas(x) > ∕ x + cas(i+5) (t ) `t .

o>:
o! : i!

Bit°mrmssais-iaus eu rmstm mt naitrais qu‒bd tmi` vmrs :,

|\ (x)| >



x
(x ∜ t) i
cas(i+5) (t ) `t
 ≠ 5
 

x
(x ∜ t) i
 ≠ | | x (i+5)
∜↜
i
: i! i! :
`t
(i + 5)! i ↜+∙ :.
@‒eprjms dm tf°marjmnm (5), de gaictbai casbius mst `°mvmdappeldm mi s°mrbm `m Peydar eu vabsbiekm `m :, cm qub iaus `aiim,
∙
( 5)i <i
∜
cas(x) > ∕ (<i)!
x .
i>:

@°mtmrnbiais dm reyais `m caivmrkmicm. Sabt x ∆ \, eppdbquais de r mj kdm `m `‒Edmnlmrt, ai altbmit,

dbn
 ∜
( 5) x i+5 <i+<
(<i)!
> dbn
x<
 > : 4 5,
i ↜ +∙ (<i + <)! ( 5)i x<i
∜ i↜+∙ (<i + 5)(<i + <)

( 5)i <i ∜
@‒eprjm s de rjmkdm `m `‒Edmnlmrt, de s m° rbm ∕ x caivmrkm elsadunmit paur taut r m° md x. Ebisb, \ > +∙. Mi `°mſtibtbg, ai
i≭: (<i)!
altbmit,
∙
( 5)i <i
∜
∊x ∆ \, cas(x) > ∕ (<i)!
x .
i>:

Zer de nm̌nm, ai `°mnaitrm qum,

∙
( 5)i
∜
∊x ∆ \, sbi(x) > ∕ (<i + 5)! x<i+5 .
i>:

\mnerqum 2. Bd mst °mkedmnmit passbldm `m ` m`ubrm

° cms @SM(:) `m cmdub `m mz , z ∆ C.
Zekm 5<

S°mrbms mitbjmrms

ϊ
Cannm eppdbcetbai iaus pauvais cedcudmr, per mxmnpdm, cas (56◧ ) ej uim mrrmur `m 5:∜= . 56◧ > ≆ :.3505=2<7=0. Cm qub
5:
iaus `aiim, per de garnudm `m Peydar,

cas
 ϊ
>5 ∜ <!5
   ∜  
ϊ <
+
5 ϊ 0 5 ϊ 7
+ »»»
5: 5: 0! 5: 7! 5:

Mi iaus dbnbteit eux trabs prmnbmrs tmrnms, ai altbmit d‒eppraxbnetbai subveitm,

cas
 ≆ ∜    
ϊ
5
5 ϊ <
+
5 ϊ 0
,
5: <! 5: 0! 5:

dm ianlrm `m ` m° cbnedms sbkibſtcetbvms, qum iaus iatmrais ν , mst `aii°mm per ui tf°marjmnm `m prmnbjmrm eii°mm (essacb°m ej de garnudm
`m Peydar `eis dms `°mvmdappmnmits dbnbt m° s) qub iaus essurm qum d‒mrrmur mi vedmur elsadum mst pdus pmtbtm qum dm prmnbmr tmrnm
i°mkdbk°m, mi cdebr,
ν4
5  ϊ 7
4
5
(:.0)7 4 7.5:∜7
7! 5: ;<:

Iaus prmi`rais, `aic, mi canptm dms 7 prmnbjmrms `°mcbnedms. Dm cedcud `m cfequm tmrnm `m de garnudm rmtmium paur cas
 ϊ
iaus
5:
`aiim,
cas
 ϊ
> :, 2=5:=;
5:
Dms cbiq prmnbjmrms `°mcbnedms sait carrmctms.

0.5.3 Garnudm k°mi°mredm `u lbi ǎnm 8

Bd s‒ekbt `m ` m° tmrnbimr dm @SM(:) `m de gaictbai,

g ε (x) > ( 5 + x)ε , ε ∆ \ ſtx°m.

D‒°mveduetbai `u rmstm pr m° smitm `ms `bgſtcudt m° s qum iaus pauvais caitaurimr mi iaus eppuyeit sur uim tmcfibqums `btm „`m d‒ m° quetbai
`bgg°mrmitbmddm„. \mnerquais qum d‒eppdbcetbai gε mst `m cdessm C ∙ sur d‒bitmrveddm ^ ∜ 5, +∙_, `m pdus,
ε
∊x ∆^ ∜ 5, +∙_, gε > ε(5 + x)ε∜5 > gε (x).
5+x

Ebisb, gε mst sadutbai sur ^ ∜ 5, +∙_ `m d‒°mquetbai `bggm° rmitbmddm,

(5 + x) gε ∜ ε gε > : .
mt je de cai`btbai g (:) > 5.
Seis iubrm je de k°mi°mredbt°m, pasais y > gε , ai altbmit dm systjmnm subveit 8
 (5 + x)y ∜ εy > :, (ε ∆ \)
(M ) 8
 y(:) > 5

qub rmpr°msmitm uim m° quetbai `bggm° rmitbmddm ar`biebrm `m prmnbmr ar`rm mt dbi m° ebrm, seis smcai` nmnlrm. Iatrm ` m° nercfm rmpasm sur
`mux pabits.

5. B`mitbſtmr uim s°mrbm mitbjmrm cei`b`etm je de rmpr°msmitetbai `m de gaictbai gε .

<. Cedcudmr sai reyai `m caivmrkmicm.

Eddais y. Cannmic¶ais per dm prmnbmr pabit,

Zekm 53

S°mrbms mitbjmrms

5. Sabt y uim gaictbai ` m° vmdappeldm mi s°mrbm mitbjmrm eu vabsbiekm `m :. Cmde vmut `brm qu‒bd mxbstm uim s m° rbm mitbjmrm ∕ ei xi `m
 ≠ ≭
i :

r nbi(5, \)
reyai \ 9 : mt r ∆ \∛+ tmds qum  ∊ ∆ ∜ x ^ r, r_, y(x) > ∕ ei xi
∙ .
i>:
∙
@‒eprjms dm tf°marjmnm parteit sur de ` m° rbvetbai `ms s°mrbms mitbjmrms, ai altbmit, x ^ ∊ ∆ ∜ r, r_, y (x) > ∕ iei xi∜5 .
i>5
Cm qub iaus `aiim, paur taut x ∆^ ∜ r, r_,
∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙
(5 + x)y ∜ εy > (5 + x) ∕ iei xi∜5 ∜ε ∕ e x i
i
> ∕ iei xi∜5 + ∕ iei xi ∜ ε ∕ ei xi
i>5 i>: i>5 i>5 i>:
∙ ∙ ∙
> ∕ (i + 5)ei+5 xi + ∕ iei xi ∜ ε ∕ eixi ,
i>: i>5 i>:
(renmimr tautms dms verbeldms x je de nm̌nm pubsseicm)
∙
> ∕ ((i + 5)ei+5 + iei ∜ εei )xi .
i>:
(gebrm mi sartm qum taus dms bi`bcms cannmicmit per dm n m̌nm mitbmr)

Zaur qum y sabt sadutbai `m d‒ m° quetbai ( M ) sur ^ ∜ r, r_ mt qum y(:) > 5, bd geut mt bd sugſtt, per uibcbt m° `ms camgſtcbmits `‒uim  e: > 5
s°mrbm mitbjmrm, qum ((i + 5)ei+5 + iei ∜ εe ) > :, cm qub rmvbmit je m° crbrm 8
i
∊ ∆ ∛,
, c‒mst ej
i I (i + 5)ei+5 > ( ε ∜ i)e i
`brm qum  e: > 5,
 e5 > ε,
 e< >
e5 (ε 5)
>
ε (ε 5)∜ ∜
< <
 e3 >
e< (ε <)
>
∜
ε (ε 5)(ε ∜ ∜ <)
3 <.3
 ..
.
 ei >
ε(ε ∜ 5)(ε ∜ <) »»» (ε ∜ i + 5)
5.<.3 . . . i
<. Caisb`°mrais je pr m° smit de s°mrbm mitbjmrm ∕ ei xi aju
i : ≭
ε(ε ∜ 5)(ε ∜ <) »»» (ε ∜ i + 5) sb i ≭ 5.
e: > 5, mt e i >
i!

Ebisb, cannm
ei+5
>
ε i
   ∜  ∜↜ i
mst \ > 5, mt se sannm S mst `°mſtibm
ei i+5 i↜+∙ 5, dm reyai `m caivmrkmicm `m de s°mrbm i∕
≭:
ei x
∜
sur ^ 5, 5_.
@‒eprjms (5), S mst sadutbai, sur ^ ∜ 5, 5_, `m d‒°mquetbai `bggm°rmitbmddm ( M ), qub mst dbi°mebrm `u prmnbmr ar`rm mt seis smcai`
nmnlrm. @u caurs sur de r°msadutbai `ms M@A `m prmnbmr ar`rm (rmvabr dm caurs `m prmnbjmrm eii°mm), bd mxbstm `aic ο ∆ \ tmd
qum
∊x ∆^ ∜ 5, 5_, S(x) > οmε ( + ) > ο(5 + x)ε, di 5 x

@m pdus, S (:) > e: > 5, ai altbmit, ∊x ∆^ ∜ 5, 5_, S(x) > ( 5 + x)ε > gε (x).
Gbiedmnmit, g ε mst `°mvmdappeldm mi s°mrbm mitbjmrm eu vabsbiekm `m :, `m reyai \ > 5 (paur ε ∆ I), mt
∙
ε(ε ∜ 5)(ε ∜ <) »»» (ε ∜ i + 5) x .
∊x ∆^ ∜ 5, 5_, (5 + x)ε > 5 + ∕ i

i>5
i!

\mnerqum 5:. Zaur dms vedmurs `m ε ∆ I, de garnudm `u lbiˇanm `m Imwtai caivbmit pergebtmnmit, cer mddm iaus pmrnmt
`‒altmibr ui `mvmdappmnmit
° saus garnm `m padyianm.
ˇ De garnudm cb-`mssus im prmi` sai bit mr
° mt
ˇ qum paur dms vedmurs iai

Zekm 50

S°mrbms mitbjmrms

mitbjmrms `m ε.
Iatennmit, sb ε > ∜5, ai rmtrauvm, ∙
5
∊x ∆^ ∜ 5, 5_, > ∕ ( 5)i xi . ∜
5 + x i>:
Mi rmnpdec¶eit x per ∜x, ai rmtrauvm de s°mrbm k°man°mtrbqum,
∙
5 i
∊x ∆^ ∜ 5, 5_, 5 ∜ x > ∕> x . i :

Mt pubs `mux vedmurs pertbcudbjmrms `m ε.

5
Sb ε > , ai altbmit,
<
∘5 + x > 5 + 5 x ∜ 5 <
x +
5.3 3
x ∜ <5.0.3.7.=.6 x + »»» 0
< <.0 <.0.7

Sb ε > ∜ 5< , ai altbmit,

∘55+ x > 5 ∜ 5< x + 5<..30 x ∜ 5<..30..=7 x < 3
+
5 .3.=.; 0
<.0.7.6
x ∜»»»
qum iaus mxpdabtmrais per de subtm.

0.5.0 Gaictbais di (5 + x) mt di (5 ∜ x) 8
5
De gaictbai di(5 + x) m° teit de prbnbtbvm `m de gaictbai sur d‒bitmrveddm _:, x^ (@SM(:) mxpdbcbt°m `eis de rmnerqum pr°mc°m`mitm),
5+x
iaus eddais utbdbsmr dm tf m° arjmnm parteit sur d‒bit m° kretbai `ms s°mrbms mitbjmrms paur mi `°m`ubrm dm @SM(:) `m de gaictbai di (5 + x).
5
Mi bit°mkreit, tmrnm je tmrnm, dm @SM(:) `m de gaictbai x
5+x
`m : je x (evmc x 4 5), ai altbmit paur taut x ^ 5, 5_, ∜↜ || ∆∜
x x
 

∙
`t
5 +t
> ∕ (∜5)it i,
i>:
: :
∙
( 5)i+5 ∜
di(5 + x) > ∕ xi .
i>5
i

g i 8 _ :, 5^ ∜↜ \
De s°mrbm `‒eppdbcetbais ∕ gi , aju + i 5 caivmrkm uibgarn°mnmit sur _ :, 5^, bd sugſtt paur cmde `‒utbdbsmr
≭
i 5 x ∜ ↜ (∜5i) xi
dm tf°marjmnm parteit sur de neharetbai `u rmstm `ms s m° rbms edtmri m° ms setbsgebseit eux cai`btbais `u crbt mj rm `m Dmblibtz(qum iaus
reppmdais je d‒accesbai)

Pf°marjmnm 3 (Neharetbai `u rmstm `ms s m° rbms edtmri m° ms) . Sabt ∕ ui uim s°mrbm qub setbsgebt eux fypatf mj sms `u crbtmj rm `m Dmblibtz.
Edars paur taut mitbmr i, dm rmstm `‒ar`rm i, iatm° \ i , v mrbſtm
° dms praprb°mtms
° subveitms 8

5. \i mst `u sbkim `m u i+5 ,

<. \i| | ≠ |u + |. i 5

Caisb`°mrais `aic,    ∜
∙
|\ (x)| > ∕ (∜5o)
+ o 5
o ( 5)o+< xi+5 xi+5
 ≠ i +5 5 ,
i
> +

o i 5
x
≠ i+5
>
i+5

mt `aic \i   ∜↜
↜∙ : (dm rmstm caivmrkm uibgarn°mnmit vmrs z°mra), `‒auj dm r°msudtet.
i
Cannm eppdbcetbai, iaus eddais utbdbsmr dm smcai` dmnnm `‒Elmd eſti `m cedcudmr di<. Cannm cfequm gi mst caitbium mi x > 5,
`aic,
∙
( 5)i+5
∜
∕ i
> S(5) > dbn S(x) > dbn di(5 + x) > di <.
x↜5∜ x↜5∜
i>5

Zekm 5=

S°mrbms mitbjmrms

Mi rmnpdec¶eit x per ∜x `eis dm @SM(:) `m de gaictbai x ∜↜ di(5 + x), ai altbmit,

∙ i
∊x ∆^ ∜ 5, 5_, di(5 ∜ x) > ∜ ∕ xi .
i>5

\mnerqum 55. Bd mst bnp°mretbg `m gebrm ettmitbai eux bi`bcms `eis dm ces `m d‒utbdbsetbai `m d‒bit°mkretbai, cannm `m de `°mrbvetbai,
paur d‒altmitbai `ms @SM(:) `ms gaictbais mi hmu. De rjmkdm tecbtm vau`rebt qum d‒ai nebitbmiim d‒°mcrbturm `m de verbeldm pr°msmitm
`eis de s°mrbm mitbjmrm saus de garnm xi , bd caivbmit „`‒erreikmr„ dms bi`bcms paur altmibr cmttm garnm.

0.5.= Gaictbais cbrcudebrms mt fypmrladbqums r m° cbpraqums 8

(b) Iaus evais vu qum,

∙
5
∊t ∆^ ∜ 5, 5_, > ∕ ( 5)it i . ∜
5 +t i>:
<
Mi rmnpdec¶eit t per t , ai altbmit,
∙
5
∊t ∆^ ∜ 5, 5_, > ∕ ( 5)it <i . ∜
5 + t< i>:

Ai mi `°m`ubt, mi prbnbtbveit sur _:, x^,

∙
( 5) i
∜
∊x ∆^ ∜ 5, 5_, erctei x > ∕ <i + 5 x<i+5.
i>:

\mnerqum 5<. D‒utbdbsetbai `u smcai` dmnnm `‒Elmd, cannm paur dm ces pr mc°
° m`mit, iaus pmrnmt `m pasmr,
∙
ϊ ( 5)i ∜
0
> ∕ <i + 5 .
i>:

(bb) Iaus evais vu qum,

∙
5 i
∊t ∆^ ∜ 5, 5_, 5 ∜ t > ∕> t . i :

Mi rmnpdec¶eit t per t < , ai altbmit,

∙
5
∊t ∆^ ∜ 5, 5_, 5 ∜t <
> ∕ t <i .
i>:

Mi prbnbtbveit cm @SM(:) sur _:, x^, ai altbmit,

∙
x<i+5
∊x ∆^ ∜ 5, 5_, Erktf > ∕ <i + 5 .
i>:

\mnerqum 53. Iaus eurbais pu altmibr cm @SM(:) mi utbdbseit,

5 5+x 5
∊x ∆^ ∜ 5, 5_, Erktf(x) > di
< 5 x
> di(5 + x)
< ∜ ∜ 5< di(5 ∜ x).
(bbb) Iaus evais vu qum,
∘55+ t > 5 ∜ 5< t + 5<..30 t ∜ 5<..30..=7 t < 3
+
5 .3.=.; 0
<.0.7.6
t ∜»»»
<
Mi rmnpdec¶eit t per ∜t ai altbmit,
∜ ∜ ∜  »»»∜ ∜ 
5 5
5
5
i+5
∙
5 < < <
(5 ∜t <
)∜ < > 5+ ∕ ( t < )i
∜
i>5
i!
∙
> 5+ ∕
5 3 =» » »»» (<i ∜ 5) t <i
,
i>5 < 0 » »»» (<i)
ebisb, per prbnbtbvetbai, ai altbmit,
∙ ∙
5 3 (<i 5) x<i+5
» »»» ∜ (<i)! x<i+5
∊x ∆^ ∜ 5, 5_, ercsbi x > x + ∕ > ∕ i < .
i>5
< 0 ( <i) <i +» »»»
5 i>:
(< i!) <i + 5

Zekm 57

Plus d'1 million de membres lui font confiance

Essayez Scribd GRATUITEMENT pendant 30 jours pour

accéder à plus de 125 millions de titres sans pubs ni
interruptions !

Commencez l'essai gratuit

Annulez à tout moment

S°mrbms mitbjmrms

(bv) Mi subveit de nm̌nm `°mnercfm mt mi prbnbtbveit dm @SM(:)`m de gaictbai t ∜ ↜ ∘55+ t <

sur _:, x^, ai altbmit,

∙ ∙
5 3 (<i 5) x<i+5
» »»» ∜ ( 5)i (<i)! x<i+5 ∜
∊x ∆^ ∜ 5, 5_, Erksf x > x + ∕ (∜5)i > ∕
< 0 (<i) <i + 5 i>: (<i i!)< <i + 5
» »»» .
i>5

Mxmrcbcm 8
Naitrmr qum dms garnudms ` m° vmdapp m° ms `eis dms pabits (bbb) mt (bv) `mnmurmit vedeldm paur x > ∜5 mt paur x > 5.
\°mcepbtudais `eis dm teldmeu subveit de dbstm `ms @SM(:) `ms gaictbais usumddms.

Garnudm `u @SM(:) \eyai `m caivmrkmicm @anebim `m caivmrkmicm

∙ xi
mx > ∕ ∙ \
i>: i!
∙ x<i
casf x > ∕ ∙ \
i>: (<i)!
∙ x<i+5
sbif x > ∕ ∙ \
i>: ( <i + 5)!
∙ ( 5)i x<i ∜
cas x > ∕ ∙ \
i>: (<i)!
∙ ( 5)i x<i+5 ∜
sbi x > ∕ ∙ \
i>: (<i + 5)!

(5 + x)ε > 5+ ∕
∙ ε(ε ∜ 5) »»» (ε ∜ i + 5) x i
5(∙ sb ε ∆ I) ^ ∜ 5, 5_(\ sb ε ∆ I)
i>5 i!
5 ∙
i i
5+x
> ∕ ( 5) x
i>:
∜ 5 ^ ∜ 5, 5_
5 ∙
i
^ ∜ 5, 5_
5 ∜ x > ∕> x i :
5
∙ ( 5)i+5
∜
di(5 + x) > ∕ xi 5 ^ ∜ 5, 5^
i i>5
xi ∙
∜
di(5 x) > ∕
i>5 i
∜ 5 ^ ∜ 5, 5_
∙ ( 5)i ∜
erctei x > ∕ x<i+5 5 _∜5, 5^
i>: <i + 5
∙ x<i+5
Erktf x > ∕ 5 ^ ∜ 5, 5_
i>: <i + 5
∙ 5 3 (<i 5) x<i+5 » »»» ∜
ercsbi x > x + ∕ 5 _∜5, 5^
i>5 < 0 (<i) <i + 5 » »»»
∙ 5 3 (<i 5) x<i+5
Erksf x > x + ∕ ( 5)i
i>5 < 0 (<i) <i + 5
∜ » »»»»»»» ∜ 5 _∜5, 5^

0.< \mcfmrcfm `m sadutbai `‒uim M@A `u prmnbmr mt smcai` ar`rm ej camgſtcbmits verbeldms saus garnm
`m s°mrbm mitbjmrm 8

Cannm ces `‒eppdbcetbais `ms s m° rbms mitbjmrms, iaus eddais iaus bit m° rmssmr ej d‒appartuibt°m `ms pauvabr dms utbdbsmr `eis dm lut
`m r°msau`rm uim m° quetbai `bgg°mrmitbmddm ar`biebrm, `ait iaus pr°mcbsmrais dm typm, mi iaus eppuyeit sur dms praprb°mt°m s `ms s°mrbms
mitbjmrms.
De n m° tfa`m caisbstm ej suppasmr qum de sadutbai `m d‒ m° quetbai, alhmt `m d‒°mtu`m, mst `°mvmdappeldm mi s°mrbm mitbjmrm eu vabsbiekm `m :.
Ebisb `aic, suppasais qum d‒ai ebt ej r m° sau`rm uim m° quetbai `bgg°mrmitbmddm `u smcai` ar`rm,

y > G (x, y, y ), (5)

evmc dms cai`btbais bibtbedms,

y(x: ) > y: , mt y  (x: ) > y: . (<)

Zekm 5;

S°mrbms mitbjmrms

Suppasais qum de sadutbai y > g (x) pmut m̌trm `°mvmdapp°mm mi s°mrbm mitbjmrm eu vabsbiekm `u pabit x : . Seis pr°mhukmr `ms cai`btbais je
v°mrbſtmr eſti qum cmde ebt dbmu, de garnudm `m Peydar iaus pmrnmt `‒ m° crbrm,

g  (x: )  (i) (x
y > g (x) > g (x: ) +
5!
(x ∜ x ) + g <!(x ) (x ∜ x ) + »»» + g
:
:
:
<
i!
:)
(x :
i
∜ x ) + »»»
De n m° tfa`m caisbstm je ` m° tmrnbimr dms e i > g (i) (x: ) mi s‒eppuyeit sur d‒°mquetbai (5) mt dms cai`btbais (<).
∙ ∙ ∙
Ebisb `aic, sb y > ∕ ei xi edars y > ∕ iei xi∜5 mt y > ∕ i(i ∜ 5)e x ∜ . Ai bihmctm dm taut `eis d‒°mquetbai (5) mi prmieit sabi
i
i <
i>: i>5 i><
`m r°merreikmr dms bi`bcms mt dms pubsseicms `m de verbeldm eſti `‒altmibr uim m° crbturm canpect `u typm ∕ li xi aju l i > g (ei ) (bd
i> ∛
caivbmit `m pra`ubrm ui trevebd sur mt dms bi`bcms eſti `m dms „syicfraibsmr„).
Zrmiais qumdqums mxmnpdms eſti `‒essmabr de n°mtfa`m.
Mxmnpdms 8

5. @°mtmrnbiais dms sadutbais, ` m° vmdappeldms mi s°mrbm mitbjmrm eu vabsbiekm `m :, `m d‒ m° quetbai `bgg m° rmitbmddm (M ) 8 y > xy.
∙
(e) Suppasais qu‒bd mxbstm uim sadutbai y, ` m° vmdappeldm mi s°mrbm mitbjmrm eu vabsbiekm `m :, `m sartm je evabr y(x) > ∕ ei xi
i>:
`m reyai `m caivmrkmicm \ ∆^:, +∙^. @‒eprjms dm tf°marjmnm parteit sur de `m°rbvelbdbtm° `ms s°mrbms mitbjmrms y mst `m cdessm
C ∙ sur taut bitmrveddm ^ ∜ r, r_ evmc r ≠ \.
@aic, paur taut x ∆^ ∜ r, r_ ai e,
∙ ∙
y ∜ xy > ∕ i(i ∜ 5)ei xi∜< ∜ x ∕ ei xi (3)
i>< i>:
∙ ∙
> ∕ i(i ∜ 5)ei xi∜< ∜ ∕ ei xi+5 (0)
i>< i>:
∙ ∙
> ∕ (i + <)(i + 5)ei+< xi ∜ ∕ ei∜5 xi (=)
i>: i>5
i
> <e< + ∕ ((i + <)(i + 5)ei+< ∜ e ∜ )x .
i 5 (7)
i>5

Mxpdbcetbai 8
@eis d‒mxpdbcetbai qub ve subvrm, iaus iaus pmrnmttrais `ms elus `m deikekm mt `‒°mcrbturm hustm `eis dm lut `m nbmux
sebsbr dms mihmux `m de n°mtfa`m.

b. Ai cannmicm per bihmctmr dms s m° rbms mitbjmrms rmpr°msmiteits y mt sms `°mrbv°m ms `eis d‒°mquetbai (M ), ai altbmit
d‒°mquetbai (0) cb-`mssus. \mnerquais qum de verbeldm x, pr°msmitm `eis dm smcai` nmnlrm `m d‒ m° quetbai (M ), e
m° t°m elsarl°m per de smcai`m sannm paur partmr de pubsseicm `m se verbeldm vmrs x i+5 . Ai vabt, ebisb, qum d‒°mquetbai
(0) pr°msmitm `mux sannms qub im cannmicmit pes per dm n m̌nm bi`bcm.

bb. Dm lut `m de smcai`m m° tepm mst `m „r°merreikmr„ dms bi`bcms eſti `‒evabr uim pubsseicm `m de verbeldm x `m de garnm
ceiaibqum, c‒mst ej `brm xi , tmddm qum vbsbldm `eis d‒ m° quetbai (=). Cmde sm gebt au lbmi per ui cfeikmnmit `m verbeldm
`eis dms bi`bcms, au edars per uim `mscrbptbai `ms prmnbmrs tmrnms `m de s m° rbm. Mi cdebr, iaus evais,
∙
∕ i(i ∜ 5)eixi∜< > <.5.e< .x: + 3.<.e3 .x5 + 0.3.e0 .x< + »»»         
i><
i>< i>3 i>0

ebisb, sb ai enlbtbaiim `‒evabr uim m° crbturm `m de garnm x i , ai r°m-°mcrbt dm tmrnm k°mi°mred `m iatrm s°mrbm `m sartm ej
∙
rmspmctmr d‒ar`rm ` m° crbt cb `mssus, cm qub mst r m° edbs°m per de sm° rbm ∕ (i + <)(i + 5)ei+< xi .
i>:
D‒eutrm gec¶ai `m gebrm caisbstm ej pessmr per ui cfeikmnmit `m verbeldm. Ai s‒bit m° rmssm ej de pubsseicm `m de verbeldm

Zekm 56

S°mrbms mitbjmrms

x, cer d‒alhmctbg `m cmttm °mtepm mst `m rmtrauvmr uim °mcrbturm saus de garnm x i .
Ai pasm, `aic, b > i ∜ < `aic i > b + < mt ai bihmctm `eis de sm° rbm qub iaus bitm° rmssm, ai altbmit,
∙ ∙ ∙
∕ i(i ∜ 5)ei xi∜< > ∕ (b + <)(b + < ∜ 5)e + x + ∜ > ∕ (b + <)(b + 5)e + x .
b <
b < <
b <
b

i>< b+<>< > b :

de verbeldm synladbseit dms bi`bcms °mteit „numttm„, ai rmnpdecm b per i paur altmibr,
∙
∕ (i + <)(i + 5)ei+< xi .
i>:

Mi utbdbseit de n m̌nm n°mtfa`m paur de `muxb mj nm sannm `m d‒ m° quetbai (0), ai pasm b > i + 5 mt `aic i > b ∜ 5, ai
altbmit,
∙ ∙ ∙
∕ ei xi+5 > ∕ eb∜5 xb∜5+5 > ∕ eb∜5xb .
i>: b 5>:
∜ b>5
∙
mt ai rmnpdecm b per i paur trauvmr dm r°msudtet pr°msmit `eis d‒°mquetbai (=), c‒mst-je-`brm ∕ ei∜5 xi .
i>5
bbb. Dm lut `m de trabsbjmnm °mtepm mst `m im debssmr sulsbstmr qu‒ui smud synladm Σ, mi prmieit paur vedmur `m `°mlut `ms
bi`bcms de pdus krei`m vedmur mxbsteitm `eis dms s m° rbms `m d‒ m° quetbai. Uubttm ej „auvrbr„ dms sannms paur °mcrbrm dms
tmrnms qu‒ai im pmut pes bicdurm `eis de smudm sannm rmsteitm, c‒mst dm ces `eis d‒ m° quetbai (7) `u tmrnm <e< qub
pravbmit `m de vedmur i > : `eis de prmnbjmrm sannm `m cmttm °mquetbai. Ai prmi` mi gectmur x i mt dm Σ rmsteit paur
altmibr uim °mcrbturm canpect, `aii m° m per d‒°mquetbai (7).

Gbi `m d‒mxpdbcetbai.
Ebisb `aic, `m d‒°mquetbai (M ) iaus evais y  ∜ xy > : mt `m d‒°mquetbai (7) iaus evais y ∜ xy > <e <+ ∕ ((i + <)(i +
i>5
i
5)ei+< ∜ e ∜ )x . Zer b`mitbſtcetbai mt per uibcbt m° `ms camgſtcbmits `u @SM(:), ai mi ` m° `ubt qum y mst sadutbai `m ( M )
i 5
 e< > :
sb, mt smudmnmit sb, ∛, ei∜5
∊ ∆ i I ei+< >
(i + <)(i + 5)
.

Iaus vmiais `m `°mſtibr uim rmdetbai `m r°mcurrmicm sur dms camgſtcbmits e i . Iaus eddais mxpdbcbtmr dms prmnbmrs tmrnms evmc
d‒bitmitbai `m ` m° cmdmr de „n°mceibqum„ qub dms r°mkbt. \mnerquais qum cmttm garnudm im prmi`s pes mi cferkm e: mt e5 qub sait
`m cm gebt qumdcaiqums `eis \, mt e< > :.
< ei∜3
Sabmit (e: , e5 ) ∆\ ,e < > : mt de rmdetbai `m r°mcurrmicm altmium pr°mc°m`mnnmit, i ∊ ≭ 3, ei >
(i ∜ 5)i
(iaus evais prbs
dm sabi `m „r°merreikmr„ dms bi`bcms tauhaurs mi pesseit per ui cfeikmnmit `m verbeldm).
e: e5 e<
e3 > e0 > e= > > : ( cer e< > :)
<.3 3.0 0.=
e3 e: e0 e5 e=
e7 > > e; > > e6 > >:
=.7 <.3.=.7 7.; 3.0.7.; ;.6
e7 e: e; e5 e6
e2 > > e5: > > e55 > >:
6.2 <.3.=.7.6.2 2.5: 3.0.7.;.2.5: 5:.55
e:
Ai rmnerqum qum dms m° d°mnmits `m de prmnb mj rm cadaiim s‒°mcrbvmit, `m gec¶ai k°mi°mrbqum, saus de garnm e 3 p >
e5
(3 p ∜ 5)3 p mt
`°mpmi`mit `m e : . Dms °md°mnmits `m de `muxbjmnm cadaiim, qub s‒°mcrbvmit e 3 p+5 > , ` m° pmi`mit `m de vedmur `m e5 mt
3 p(3 p + 5)
dms m° d°mnmits `m de trabsbjmnm cadaiim, qub s‒°mcrbvmit saus de garnm e 3 p+< , sait iuds cer `°mpmi`eit `m e< > :.
Ebisb `aic, y (x) > ∕ ei xi > ∕ e3 p x3 p + ∕ e3 p+5 x3 p+5 .
≭
i : p :≭ ≭
p :
De rjmkdm `m `‒Edmnlmrt eppdbqu m° m eux s°mrbms euxbdbebrms, ∕ e3 p x3 p mt ∕ e3 p+5 x3 p+5 , naitrm qu‒mddms sait caivmrkmitms
p : ≭ p : ≭
paur taut x ∆ \. Bd s‒misubt qum dm reyai `m caivmrkmicm `m de s m° rbm ∕ ei xi mst biſtib. Ebisb, de sannm y `m de s°mrbm mitbjmrm
i : ≭
∕ ei xi mst sadutbai `m d‒ m° quetbai (M ) sur \.
≭
i :

Zekm 52

S°mrbms mitbjmrms

\mnerqum 50.

Sb e : > : au sb e5 > :, de caivmrkmicm `ms s°mrbms euxbdbebrms mst trbvbedm.

ˇ mivbsek°mm darsqum dms camgſtcbmits E , L, C essacb°ms e

De n°mtfa`m qum iaus vmiais `m vabr paurre mtrm j uim mquetbai
° `bggmrmitbmddm
°
Ey + Ly + Cy > @ sait `ms padyiˇanms mt qum dm smcai` nmnlrm @ mst ` mvmdappeldm
° mi s°mrbm mitbjmrm eu vabsbiekm `m :.
De n mtfa`m
° pmut s‒ev°mrmr utbdm, `eis `‒eutrms ces, nebs dms pra`ubts `m s°mrbms mitbjmrms pmut canpdbqumr caisb`°mreldmnmit de
tˇecfm.

Bd mst mkedmnmit
° passbldm `m cfmrcfmr `eis cmrtebis ces `ms sadutbais ` mvmdappeldms
° mi s°mrbms mitbjmrms paur `ms mquetbais
°
`bggmrmitbmddms
° scedebrms `u prmnbmr ar`rm.

<. Prauvmr de sadutbai `m d‒°mquetbai

(M ) 8 y > <xy + 0y,

v°mrbſteit dms cai`btbais bibtbedms

y(:) > :, mt y  (:) > 5.

Suppasais qum de sadutbai qub iaus bit m° rmssm mst ` m° vmdappeldm mi s°mrbm mitbjmrm eu vabsbiekm `m :, mi cdebr,

y(x) > ∕ ei xi .
≭
i :

Eu rmker` `ms cai`btbais bibtbedms, ai e e : > : mt e 5 > 5. Zer cais°mqumit,

y > x + ∕ ei xi
i < ≭
y > 5 + ∕ iei xi∜5
i < ≭
y > ∕ i(i ∜ 5)ei xi∜<
≭
i <

Bihmctais cms °md°mnmits `eis d‒°mquetbai (M ), ai altbmit,

∕ i(i ∜ 5)ei xi∜< > <x(5 + ∕ iei xi∜5 ) + 0(x + ∕ ei xi )

i < ≭ i < ≭ ≭
i <

> <x + < ∕ iei xi + 0x + 0 ∕ ei xi

i < ≭ ≭
i <

> 7x + ∕ (<iei + 0ei )xi

i < ≭
> 7x + ∕ <(i + <)ei xi .
i < ≭
Zer b`mitbſtcetbai `ms camgſtcbmits, subveit dms n m̌nms pubsseicms, `m x ai altbmit

i><8 <.e< > :, `aic e< > :,

i>38 3.<.e3 > 7, `aic e 3 > 5,

i>08 0.3.e0 > <(< + <)e< `aic e0 > :

5
i>=8 =.0.e= > <(3 + <)e3 `aic e = >
<
..
.
<ei∜<
ei >
i 5 ∜
Zekm <:

S°mrbms mitbjmrms

5
per cais°mqumit, ai altbmit e< p > : paur taut p
p!
. ∆ I mt e < p+5 >
Mi rmnpdec¶eit dms camgſtcbmits trauv m° s, ai elautbt je de sadutbai subveitm
< p+5 ∙
x3 x= x; x< p+5
y >x+
5
+ + +
<! 3!
»»» + x p! > ∕ .
p>: p!

Zer de rjmkdm `m `‒Edmnlmrt, de s m° rbm altmium caivmrkm paur taut x ∆ \.

E iatmr qum de sannm `m cmttm s m° rbm s‒mxprbnm eu naymi `ms gaictbais m° d°mnmitebrms. Mi mggmt, sb ai prmi` x mi gectmur ai
< <
altbmit dm `°mvmdappmnmit `m de gaictbai mx . @aic, y > xmx .

\°mgm° rmicms

_5^ Greic¶abs DB\MP. Netf°mnetbqums mi Zretbqums, Caurs mt Mxmrcbcms. @]IA@, <::7.

_<^ Oe`e EDDEL. Md°mnmits `‒eiedysm – Gaictbais `‒uim verbeldm r mmddm

° – Panm<. AZ], <jmnm °m`btbai, <::2.

_3^ Iboadeĵ̈ Smnbaiavbtcf ZBSOA]IAW. Cedcud @bgg°mrmitbmd mt Bit°mkred – <jmnm Zertbm, Panm <. AZ], 3jmnm °m`btbai, <:5:.

_0^ Hmei-Nerbm NAIBM\. Caurs `m Netf°mnetbqums - Netfs sp m° - Eiedysm 0. @]IA@, 522=.

Zekm <5

Partager ce document
    

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi

D'Everand

Exercices d'équations
différentielles ordinaires
Simone Malacrida
Pas encore d'évaluation

D'Everand

Exercices de limites
Simone Malacrida
Pas encore d'évaluation

D'Everand

Exercices d'étude de fonction

Simone Malacrida
Pas encore d'évaluation

Magazines Podcasts Partition

D'Everand

Exercices de fonctions multi-

variables
Simone Malacrida
Pas encore d'évaluation

D'Everand

Exercices d'intégrales et
d'équations intégro-…
différentielles
Simone Malacrida
Pas encore d'évaluation

D'Everand

Leçons sur les séries

trigonométriques : professées …
Collège
Henri de France
Lebesgue
Pas encore d'évaluation
 D'Everand

Exercices de dérivées
Simone Malacrida
Pas encore d'évaluation

Document 5 pages

Untitled
Dilane Fonkou
Pas encore d'évaluation

Document 34 pages

Serieentcor.pdf
Jean Luc Tchoffo
Pas encore d'évaluation

Document 2 pages

colle_10
Zaineb Abbad
Pas encore d'évaluation

Document 30 pages

seriesentieres(1)
Houssame Naim
Pas encore d'évaluation

Document 13 pages

Series Entieres Cours

Moussaab Oualijane
Pas encore d'évaluation

Voir plus

À propos Assistance

À propos de Scribd Aide / FAQ

Everand : Livres électroniques Accessibilité

et audio
Aide à l'achat
Presse
AdChoices
Rejoignez notre équipe !

Nous contacter Social

Inviter des amis Instagram
Scribd pour entreprises Twitter

Facebook
Mentions légales
Pinterest
Conditions

Confidentialité

Droits d'auteur

Préférences en matière de
cookies

Ne vendez pas et ne partagez

pas mes informations
personnelles

Obtenez nos applications gratuites

Documents

Langue: Français

Droits d'auteur © 2023 Scribd Inc.

Enregistrer