Binul 6.

6
ZU@CV@Z ‖ ZU@CV@Z ^M^M LG^MA NMLMB NGVM@C KUMH@V

=. Ngh`
Ngh`c
c`s` ^mt
^mtm Lgtma
tma
m. Zgckgr
Zgckgrt`m
t`mc
c ^mtm
^mtm Lgtma
Lgtma
Lmyiut
Lmy iut mnmlmo
mnmlmo pgcyus
pgcyusucm
ucmc
c nmr`
nmr` glgbgc
glgbgc-glg
-glgbgc
bgc ngsm`c
ngsm`c ymck
ymck egroue
egroueuck
uckmc
mc agnmlm
agnmlmb
b sgeumo
sgeumo
e`nmck sgo`ckkm bgbegctua susucmc mrt`st`a. Oml `c` e`sm dukm n`sgeut bmcmdgbgc egctua nmc
e`nmck. ^udumc utmbm lmyiut mnmlmo bgcmbp`lamc glgbgc kmbemr nmc tgas mkmr bgcdmn`
aibuc`amt`h nmlmb sgeumo fmrm ymck nmpmt bgbunmoamc pgbemfm bgcgr`bm `chirbms` ymck

n`smd`amc.
e. ^gir` ^mtm Lgtma
Nmlmb tgir` tmtm lgtma n`emk` bgcdmn` t`km tmompmc ym`tu 4
=. Bgbe
Bgbeum umtt sagt
sagtsm
sm tmtm
tmtm lgtma
lgtma
^momp
^mo mp ymck
ymck pml`ck
pml`ck pgrtmb
pgrtmbmm mnmlmo
mnmlmo a`tm
a`tm bgbeu
bgbeumt
mt sagtsm
sagtsm tgrlge
tgrlge`o
`o nmoulu
nmoulu,, ngckmc
ngckmc fmrm
bgckub
bgc kubpul
pulamc
amc sgbum
sgbum aibpis
aibpis`s`
`s` ucsur
ucsur ngsm`c
ngsm`c ymck
ymck mamc
mamc a`tm
a`tm mtur
mtur tmt
tmtmm lgtmac
lgtmacym.
ym. Nmr`
Nmr`
kmbemr, tul`smc, nmc iedga pgcnuauck lm`ccym.
5. Bgbe
Bgbeum umtt tmtm
tmtm lgt
lgtma
ma am
amsmr
smr
^momp sglmcdutcym mnmlmo bgcfiem bgbmsuamc sgbum aibpis`s` ucsur ngsm`c tmp` agnmlmb
sagtsm lmyiut ymck sunmo a`tm eumt tmn`.
6. Bgbeum
Bgbeumtt tmtm lgtmlgtma
a lgckam
lgckamp p / aibpg
aibpgrog
rogcs`
cs`hh
^momp sglmcdutcym mnm tmomp mao`r Agt`am sgbum sunmo bmsua nmc tmomp h`cml, a`tm airgas`

mpmamo gcma n`l`omt ilgo bmtm, nmc mpmamo sgbum iedga ymck a`tm mtur sunmo pripirs`icml
mpm eglub, d`am sunmo egrmrt` ngsm`c sunmo sglgsm`.

5. Zr`c
Zr`cs`
s`p
p ‖ Zr`
Zr`cs
cs`p
`p ^mtm
^mtm Lgtm
Lgtmaa
m. Zr`cs`
Zr`cs`p
p ‖ Zr`cs
Zr`cs`p
`p ^mtm
^mtm Lgtma
Lgtma
=. Agsgemcn`ckmc (Zripirt`ic
Zripirt`ic))
bgrupm
bgr upmamc
amc pr`cs`
pr`cs`p
p nmr`
nmr` sgeumo
sgeumo ngsm`c
ngsm`c krmh`s
krmh`s ymck
ymck egrhuc
egrhucks`
ks` nmlmb
nmlmb agsglmr
agsglmrmsmc
msmc mtmu
mtmu
agsgrms
ags grms`mc
`mc sgeumo
sgeumo oms`l
oms`l pgbeum
pgbeumtmc
tmc f`ptm
f`ptm amrym
amrym ymck
ymck bgbeut
bgbeutuoa
uoamc
mc pgremc
pgremcn`c
n`ckmc
kmc ymck
ymck
fifia uctua oms`l ymck ngsm`c ymck emkus mtmu tgpmt. Agsmtumc `c` smckmt bgbemctu sgbum
glgbgc ymck mnm sgpgrt` agpucymmc egrsmbm. Zmnm `ct`cym, pripirs` `c` sgeumo pgremcn`ckmc
sgfmrm s`stgbmt`a pmnm sgeumo e`nmck ymck mnm. Mnm pulm Zripirs` Mkuck mtmu sgeutmc
lm`c
lm`ccy
cymm mn
mnmlm
mlmo
o ^og
^og Kiln
Kilngc
gc Bmc
Bmc bgru
bgrupmpmam
amcc pr
prip
ipir
irs`
s` ym
ymck
ck sm
smck
ckmt
mt tg
tgra
ragc
gcml
ml nm
nmlm
lmb
b
pgbmam`mccym nmr` sgc` rupm o`ckkm ag t`ckamt ymck lge`o t`ckk` ymck bgckkmeuckamc
sgbum ucsur nmc nmpmt n`dmckamu ngckmc bgbegr`amc oueuckmc ymck smtu ngckmc ymck lm`c
sgeumo glgbgc.
5. Agsg`bemckmc (Emlmcfg
Emlmcfg))
Agsg`bemckmc bgrupmamc aicn`s` sgeumo ngsm`c mtmu puc egcnm ymck bgbeumt sgbum
agaumtmc dmn` egagrdm nmc t`nma sml`ck bgcko`lmckamc smtu ngckmc ymck lm`c. Mnm num
pr`cs`p nmsmr nmr` sgeumo agsg`bemckmc.
Mnm num bgting pgcngamtmc nmlmb bgcf`ptmamc agsg`bemckmc, ym`tu 4
m) Agsg`b
Agsg`bemc
emckmc
kmc s`bgt
s`bgtr`s
r`s (hirbml emlmcfg)
emlmcfg)
Bgrupmamc
Bgrupm amc agsg`bemckmc
agsg`bemckmc ymck egrnmsmramc
egrnmsmramc pgckuaurm
pgckuaurmc
c nmr` pusmt ymck bgcygemr nmc
bgbemk` smbm egrmt mctmrm amcmc nmc a`r` bmupuc mtms nmc emwmo sgfmrm s`bgtr`s mtmu
sgtmrm.

e) Agsg`bemckmc ms`bgtr`s (@chirbml emlmcfg)

emlmcfg)
Bgrupmamc agsg`bemckmc ymck
ymck tgrsusuc mtms ucsur ymck egregnm mctmrm a`r`
a`r` nmc amcmc
cmbuc nmr` aibpis`s`c
aibpis`s`cym
ym tgrmsm sg`bemck. Agsg`bemckmc
Agsg`bemckmc ms`bgtr`s
ms`bgtr`s nmpmt n`lmauamc
n`lmauamc
ngckmc pgyusucmc uaurmc, kmr`s, wmrcm, e`nmck nmc tgastur.

6. @rmbm (Uoytob
Uoytob))
 @rmbm bgrupmamc sgeumo pilm pgckulmckmc ilgo sgeumo ucsur ymck egregnm nmc pgrkgrmamc
sgfmrm egrurutmc ymck egraglmcdutm
egraglmcdutmc.
c. Zr`cs`p
Zr`cs`p `c` sgsuckkuoc
sgsuckkuocym
ym `mlmo oueuckmc
oueuckmc pgrulmckmc
pgrulmckmc
nmc dukm egctua ucsur rupm. Zgcgbpmtmc nmlmb sgeumo ngsm`c aglumrmc mtmu lmyiut sgfmrm
egrulmck bgbegr`amc oms`l ymck omlus, smctm`, nmc tgcmck. Zgckulmckmc nmc vmr`ms`
bgrupmamc aucf` nmlmb pgbegctuamc sgeumo r`tbg v`suml. Mnm egegrmpm bmfmb `rmbm,
mctmrm lm`c Ugkulmr roytob, Hliw`ck roytob, nmc Zrikrgss`vg roytob.

>. Aictrms (Fictrmst)

Zr`cs`p
Zr`cs`p aictrms
aictrms ym`tu mnmcym pgregnmmc
pgregnmmc ymck bgcfilia,
bgcfilia, uaurm
uaurmc,
c, hiti/`lustrms`
hiti/`lustrms` n`eumt
n`eumt egsmr
n`mctm
n`mctmrm
rm ymc
ymckk agf`l
agf`l bglmlu
bglmlu`` pgb`l`
pgb`l`omc
omc hict
hict ymck
ymck egregn
egregnmm typghi
typghict
ct bmupuc
bmupuc uaurmc
uaurmccym
cym,,
bgckkmct` `rmbm sgrtm mrmo dukm nmpmt n`lmauamc. ^udumc utmbm nmlmb pgcgrmpmc pr`cs`p
aictrms mnmlmo uctua bgbegr`amc pgcgamcmc ym`tu uctua bgckmrmoamc pmcnmckmc pgbemfm

pmnm sumtu ymck n`ticdilamc.

n`ticdilamc.

7. Agsmtumc (Wc`ty
Wc`ty))
Zr`cs`
Zr`cs`p
p Agsmtum
Agsmtumcc bgrupm
bgrupmamc
amc ucsur
ucsur tmtm
tmtm lgt
lgtma
ma ymck
ymck egrou
egroueuc
euckmc
kmc ngckmc
ngckmc sgbum
sgbum mtr`eut
mtr`eut
ngsm`c, ymck bmcm omrus egroueuckmc mctmrm smtu ngckmc ymck lm`ccym, mctmrm emfakriucn
ngckmc `ct` bmtgr`, mctmrm kmbemr pgcnuauck ngckm `s` bmtgr`, sgbum omrus egroueuckmc
bgcdmn` smtu mkmr t`nma tgrl`omr egrmctmamc.

8. Agsglmrmsmc (Omrbicy
Omrbicy))
 Bmasun nmr` omrbic` `mlmo bgb`l`a` agsglmrmsmc mctmrm smtu glgbgc ngckmc glgbgc krmh`s
ymck lm`c. Omrbic` nmpmt n`wudunamc nmlmb 5 egctua, ym`tu4
m. Omrb
Omrbicic`` n
nmr
mr`` ssgk
gk`` e
egc
gctu
tua
a
Omrbic` ymck n`l`omt nmr` egctua `mlmo n`bmcm mnmcym agsgrms`mc nmlmb pgcgbpmtmc
glgbgc krmh`s. Oml `tu nmpmt n`l`omt nmr` sgk` egctua nmc uaurmccym mpmamo `tu amrtu
cmbm, st`agr, pistgr nmc sgemkm`cym. Zgb`l`omc egctua ouruh dukm bgb`l`a` pgrmcmc ymck
pgct`ck sgemkm`bmcm uctua tudumc mpm ngsm`c
ngsm`c `tu n`eumt.
e. Omrbic` nmr` sgk` wmrcm
[mrcm bgb`l`a` pgckmruo ymck mbmt egsmr, amrgcm t`mp-t`mp wmrcm bgb`l`a` s`hmtcym
bms`ck-bms`ck, sgpgrt` bgrmo ymck bgb`l`a` mrt` egrmc`, e`ru ymck bgb`l`a` agsmc tgcmck
nmc lm`c sgemkm`cym. L`omt agbeml` tudumc nmr` ngsm`c ymck tglmo n`eumt, amrgcm agtgpmtmc
nmlmb bgb`l`o wmrcm nmpmt bgbeumt `chirbms` ymck n`nmlmbcym bgcdmn` lge`o ghgat`h.

m. Bgckgcml Kr`n pmnm Lmyiut

=. Kr`n Vystgb
Vgeumo
Vgeumo kr`n
kr`n n`f`pt
n`f`ptmam
mamcc sgemkm
sgemkm`` silus`
silus` tgromn
tgromnmp
mp pgrbmsm
pgrbmsmlmo
lmomc
mc pgcmtm
pgcmtmmc
mc glgbgc-
glgbgc-
glgbgc v`suml nmlmb sgeumo rumck. Kr`n systgbs n`kucmamc sgemkm` pgrmckamt uctua
bgbpgrbunmo bgcf`ptmamc sgeumo aibpis`s` v`suml. Bglmlu` kr`n systgb sgirmck
pgrmcfmck krmh`s nmpmt bgbeumt sgeumo s`stgbmt`am kucm bgcdmkm aics`stgcs` nmlmb
bglmauamc rgpgt`s` nmr` sgeumo aibp`s`s` ymck sunmo n`f`ptmamc. ^udumc utmbm nmr`
pgckkucmmc kr`n systgbs nmlmb ngsm`c krmh`s mnmlmo uctua bgcf`ptmamc sumtu
rmcfmckmc ymck aibuc`amt`h nmc bgbumsamc sgfmrm gstgt`a.
5. ^og Kilngc Vgft`ic
N` e`nmck sgc` krmh`s, pripirs` mkuck bgcdmn` nmsmr pgbeumtmc uaurmc agrtms nmc
pr`cs`p tgrsgeut nmpmt n`kucmamc uctua bgcyusuc agsg`bemckmc sgeumo ngsm`c.
Zripirs` mkuck sunmo n`tgbuamc sgdma dmbmc auci uctua bgckomn`ramc pripirs`
ymck
ymc k smckmt
smckmt sgbpur
sgbpurcmcm nmc `cnmo.
`cnmo. Bgbemk
Bgbemk`` sgeumo
sgeumo kmr`s
kmr`s ngckmc
ngckmc pgremc
pgremcn`c
n`ckmc
kmc
bgcngamt` rms`i ? 4 =6 egrmrt` emowm d`am kmr`s ymck lge`o pmcdmck n`emk` ngckmc
kmr`s ymck lge`o pgcnga oms`lcym mamc smbm ngckmc pgbemk`mc pmcdmck kmr`s utuo
sgeglub n`pitick ngckmc kmr`s ymck lge`o pmcdmck tmn`. Zripirs` mkuck dukm n`agcml
nmlmb `st`lmo ngrgt e`lmckmc h`eicmff` ym`tu ngrgt e`lmckmc ymck sgt`mp e`lmckmccym
mnmlmo oms`l dublmo nmr` num e`lmckmc sgeglubcym nmc n` bulm` nmr` cil. Ngrgt
e`lmckmc `c` bgb`l`a` rms`i ? 4 =6 ym`tu rms`i pripirs` mkuck. E`lmckmc `c` sgr`ck
n`pmam`
n`pma m` nmlmb pgckuaurmc
pgckuaurmc emckucmc,
emckucmc, mrs`tgatur,
mrs`tgatur, amrym sgc`, ouruh
ouruh o`ckkm
o`ckkm lmyiut
lmyiut
sgeumo omlmbmc amrgcm pripirs`cym ymck omrbic`s. : = = 5 6 7 ? =6 5= 6> 77 ?0 =>>
566 6;;…
6. ^og Vybbgtr`fml Kr`n
Nmlmb
Nml mb kr`n
kr`n s`bgtr
s`bgtr`s,
`s, omlmbm
omlmbmc
c amcmc
amcmc mamc
mamc egrage
egrageml`
ml`amc
amc pgrs`s
pgrs`s sgpgrt`
sgpgrt` emymck
emymckmc
mc
fgrb`c nmr` omlmbmc a`r`. @c` bgbegr`amc num bmrk`c ymck smbm em`a bmrk`c lumr
bmupuc bmrk`c nmlmb. Wctua bgcdmkm pripirs`, bmrk`c lumr bgb`l`a` e`nmck ymck
lge`o lgemr. Lmyiut alms`a ymck n`pglipir` ilgo Dmc ^sfo`foiln (=0:5-=0;>) sgirmck
typikrmpogr nmr` Dgrbmc `c` n`nmsmr` uaurmc omlmbmc ngckmc pripirs` 546.