AEALGYGY @]REAL

^MEAEFAEAE FAVAT DAR]RAT TMEYGKE ^EM]HKTJKRAZ

DMEFAE EMMDL
DMEFAE EMMDLM
M TJKRAIKIME
TJKRAIKIMETMYGY 
TMYGY  GIY
 GIY OM-= & ^MHAYAEFAE
 HGEG-VYD0
 HGEG-VYD0 A IAYM
IAYM RM^KRT 
RM^KRT 

Taeffal 2: Ymptmhbmr ’ 1> Kotkbmr 2>2>

Klmj0

OMLKH^KO C
Eur Vulae Haulgda, Y.Omp EGH 179>71992>>>1
@aeeatu Rajhaj, Y.Omp EGH 179>71992>>17
Jmrha Catjue Agegda, Y.Omp EGH 179>71992>>>=
Hujahad Bafus ]hark, Y.Omp EGH 179>71991>>24
Yjkvg Eurcgtrgaeg, Y.Omp EGH 179>71992>>2:

^RKFRAH ^RKCMYG EMRY ^RKFRAH YT]DG GLH] OM^MRAVATAE

CAO]LTAY OMDKOTMRAE
]EGSMRYGTAY LAHB]EF HAEFO]RAT
BAE@ARHAYGE
2>2>
 

LMHBAR ^MEFMYAJAE

AEALGYGY @]REAL

^MEAEFAEAE FAVAT DAR]RAT TMEYGKE ^EM]HKTJKRAZ DMEFAE

 EMMDLM TJKRAIKIMETMYGY  GIY
 GIY OM-= & ^MHAYAEFAE HGEG-VYD0
^MHAYAEFAE  HGEG-VYD0 A IAYM 
 RM^KRT 

Taeffal 2: Ymptmhbmr ’ 1> Kotkbmr 2>2>

Klmj0

OMLKH^KO C
 Eur Vulae Haulgda, Y.Omp EGH 179>71992>>>1
@aeeatu Rajhaj, Y.Omp EGH 179>71992>>17
Jmrha Catjue Agegda, Y.Omp EGH 179>71992>>>=
Hujahad Bafus ]hark, Y.Omp EGH 179>71991>>24
Yjkvg Eurcgtrgaeg, Y.Omp EGH 179>71992>>2:

Bae`arhasge, Kotkbmr 2>2>

Hmefmtajug,
^mhbghbgef Aoadmhgo 

 Ekvg Hustajdgaetg Easrg, Y.Omp., Es., H.Omp

 EGO. 177> 2>14 1 1=9
 

 AEALGYGY @]REAL

A. LATA
LATAR
R BMLA
BMLAOA
OAEF
EF
^emuhk
^emuhktkr
tkraos
aos spketa
spketae
e dgbafg
dgbafg hme`ad
hme`adgg 2, yagtu
yagtu prghmr
prghmr (t
(tmr`
mr`adg
adg taepa
taepa

adaeya pmeyaogt paru yaef dgomtajug, tmrhasuo gatrkfmego) dae smouedmr (tmr`adg
 pada pasgme yaef hmefgdap pmeyaogt paru). Yghplm pemuhktjkrax dapat
pemuhktjkrax dapat bmrubaj
impat hme`adg tme
tmesgk
sgke
e pemuhkt
pemuhktjkr
jkrax
ax   bg
bgla
la ta
tao
o sm
smfm
fmra
ra dg
dgom
omea
ealg
lg..   Tmesgke
 pemuhktjkrax tmr`adg hmlalug hmoaegshm ombkikrae udara “oatup satu araj‘ darg
 paru-paru atau hmlalug dgedgef dada. ]dara tmrpmraefoap dalah oavuh plmura
dae dmefae impat hmhbuat paru-paru oklaps. Hmdgastgeuh tmrdkrkef om sgsg yaef
 bmrlawaeae darg sgsg pemuhktjkrax. Fm`ala dae taeda tmesgke pemuhktjkrax
dgaetaraeya adalaj0 eymrg dada, gefge haoae udara (agr juefmr), taogpema, dgstrms
rmspgr
rmspgrasg
asg,, taogoa
taogoardg
rdg,, jgpktm
jgpktmesg
esg,, dmvgas
dmvgasgg traojma
traojma hme`au
hme`aujg
jg sg
sgsg
sg pemuhk
pemuhktkr
tkraos
aos,,
dgstme
dgstmesg
sg vmea
vmea lmjmr,
lmjmr, tgdao
tgdao adaeya
adaeya suara
suara eacas
eacas dg sgsg
sgsg pemuhk
pemuhktkr
tkraos
aos,, pmrous
pmrousgg
dgdapatoae
dgdapatoae jgpmrrmskea
jgpmrrmskeae/jgp
e/jgpmrskek
mrskekr,
r, dae sgaeksgs
sgaeksgs (haegcmst
(haegcmstasg
asg tmrlahbat)
tmrlahbat),, smrta
smrta
saturasg artmrg dmefae pulsm
dmefae pulsm kxyhmtmr  jasgleya
 jasgleya hmeurue.
Tmesgk
Tmesgke
e pemuhkt
pemuhktjkr
jkrax
ax   bgas
bgasae
aeya
ya dg
dgta
taef
efae
aegg sm
smia
iara
ra da
daru
rura
ratt dm
dmefa
efae
e
dmok
dmokhp
hprrms
msgg `ar
aruh
uh (em
emmmdlm dmikhp
khprmssgke atau dgsmbut `ufa emmdlm
tjkraikimetmsgs)) dmefae iara hmhasuooae oatmtmr `aruh bmsar om dalah ruaef
tjkraikimetmsgs
 plmura (oavuh plmura). Lkoasg pmeusuoae dg getmrokstal omdua (GIY GG) dg lgema
hgd-ol
hgd-olavg
avgoul
oula.
a. Oarmea
Oarmea caotkr
caotkr tmbale
tmbaleya
ya dgedge
dgedgef
f dada,
dada, omoaoua
omoaouae
e oatmtm
oatmtmr,
r, dae

okhplgoasg tmoegs atau aeatkhgs, dmokhprmsg dmefae `aruh bgsa fafal. Caotkr 
omtmbalae dgedgef dada, hgsaleya pasgme dmefae ktkt dada tmbal atau kbmsgtas
hmhpmefarujg ombmrjasglae dmokhprmsg emmdlm. Ymlage gtu, omsalajae gdmetgcgoasg
GIY omdua `ufa smrgef tmr`adg. ^ae`aef emmdlm = ih aoae dapat hmemhbus oavuh
 plmura 5=>%, smdaefoae pae`aef emmdlm : ih dapat hmemhbus oavuh plmura
57>%.
57>%. Buotg
Buotg tmrbar
tmrbaru
u hmeduou
hmeduouef
ef pmemhp
pmemhpata
atae
e oatmtm
oatmtmrr emmdlm
emmdlm uourae
uourae bmsar
bmsar dg
getmrokstal omlgha (GIY S).
 

Dkotmr uhuh hmhglgog okhpmtmesg bgsa hmlaouoae emmdlm dmokhprmsg

smiara haedgrg. Tgdao smhua ruhaj saogt hmhglgog ijmst tubm yaef
tubm yaef dgsahbuefoae
om Vatmr Ymalmd Drageafm (VYD)
(VYD) dae tgdao smhua dkotmr bmdaj (atau sub-bmdaj)
 staedby tmrutaha
 staedby tmrutaha dg ruhaj saogt damraj pmdalahae (rural
( rural arma),
arma), smjgeffa dkotmr 

uhuh
uhuh sm
smtm
tmhp
hpat
atla
laj
j ya
yaef
ef bm
bmrp
rpmr
mrae
ae hmey
hmeyml
mlah
ahat
atoa
oae
e ey
eyaw
awaa pa
pasg
sgme
me tmesgke
 pemuhktjkrax.

B. T]@]AE
Hmedgs
Hmedgsous
ousgoa
goae
e oasus
oasus smkrae
smkraef
f laog-l
laog-laog
aog dmefae
dmefae tmesg
tmesgke
ke pemuhkt
pemuhktjkrax
jkrax
smouedmr
smouedmr yaef dglaouoae
dglaouoae tgedaoae mhmrfmesg
mhmrfmesg emmdlm tjkraikimetmsgs dg
tjkraikimetmsgs dg spatguh
getmrikstal
getmrikstal omlgha
omlgha lgema hgd-aosgla
hgd-aosgla dae pmhasaefae hgeg-VYD
hgeg-VYD   dg ruhaj saogt
dmefae casglgtas dae suhbmr daya yaef tmrbatas.
I. HMTKDM
Hmtkdm yaef dgfueaoae pada artgoml geg yagtu iasm rmpkrt. Ytudg
rmpkrt. Ytudg dglaouoae
dg RY dmefae omtmrbatasae casglgtas dae `uhlaj suhbmr daya dg okta Dmhao.
Ya
Yahp
hpmm pmeml
pmemlgt
gtga
gae
e geg
geg yagtu
yagtu pa
pasg
sgme
me dmefa
dmefae
e tmesg
tmesgke
ke pemuhktjkrax
pemuhktjkrax.. Yt
Ytud
udgg ge
gegg
dglaouoae aetara tajue 2>19-2>14.
Ymtmlaj dgtmhuoae pasgme dmefae dgafeksgs tmrsmbut, dgsgapoae smhua alat
dae bajae yaef dgbutujoae, yagtu0 lgdkoage, spugt, oasa stmrgl, alokjkl, GS iatj ek.
14F, plmstmr, gecus/traescusgke
gecus/traescusgke smt,
 smt, clabkt okskef (bmoas gecus =>> ii bmrgsg iagrae
smogtar smparujeya, dae fuetgef. ^asgme dglaouoae
d glaouoae aemstmsg lkoal dg smla gfa omlgha

(GIY S) lgema hgd-aosgla. Ymtmlaj aemstmsg lkoal, smbuaj GS

smbuaj  GS iatj uourae
iatj uourae tmrbmsar 
(14F) dgtusuooae
dgtusuooae smbafag
smbafag tkraoksget
tkraoksgetmsgs
msgs dg spatguh
spatguh getmroksta
getmroksta omlgha (GIY =)
tmpat dg sgsg atas oksta om-3 lgema hgdaosgla oaeae. @aruh ( emmdlm
emmdlm)) dgahbgl dae
iatj tmtap
iatj tmtap hmeaeiap yaef omhudgae dgcgosasg dmefae plmstmr.
Ymtmlaj tgdao dgdapatoae udara omluar darg emmdlm
emmdlm,, dglae`utoae pmhasaefae
hgeg-watmr smalmd drageafm (hgeg-VYD) 
(hgeg-VYD)   yaef dapat dgbuat hmeffueaoae alat
smdmrj
smdmrjaea.
aea.  Hgeg-VYD
 Hgeg-VYD   tmrdgr
tmrdgrgg darg
darg smlaef
smlaef gecus
gecus yae
yaef
f dgsahb
dgsahbuef
uefoae
oae dmefae
dmefae  GS 
iatj dg
iatj dg satu sgsg, smdaefoae sgsg lageeya dgfuetgef/dgpktkef smbmluh u`uefeya dae
 

dghasuooae om dalah bktkl gecus yaef bmrgsg agr smtmefaj bktkl, dmefae u`uef
smlaef
smlaef gecus
gecus tmeffm
tmeffmlah
lah jgeffa
jgeffa dasar
dasar bktkl.
bktkl. ^asgme
^asgme dgmval
dgmvaluas
uasgg uedulas
uedulasgg dae
fmlmhb
fmlmhbuef
uef udara
udara (bubblm
bubblm)) yaef
yaef hueiul
hueiul tga
tgap
p pasgme
pasgme gespgr
gespgrasg
asg.. ^asgme
^asgme dgg
dggout
outgg
 pmromhbaefaeeya (ckllkw-up) dae data dgdkouhmetasgoae smiara lmefoap, uetuo 

omhudgae dglapkroae dalah bmetuo lapkrae oasus (iasm

(iasm rmpkrt ))..

D. JAYGL
Ymkraef
Ymkraef laog-laog,
laog-laog, 9: tajue, dgrawat dg baefsal ruhaj saogt dmefae smsao 
eacas yaef smhaoge hmhbmrat 1 hgeffu tmraojgr, batuo bmrdajao `araef, dae
dmhah. ^mhmrgosaae cgsgo0 okhpkshmetgs, TD ekrhal, JR 192x/hge, RR 93
x/hge,
x/hge, suju 96,=kI, YpK2 :>%. Tmrdapat pmegefoatae
pmegefoatae @S^, dada asghmtrg
asghmtrgss (ogrg
(ogrg
lmbgj tgeffg dgbaedgef oaeae), fmrao dada oaeae tmrtgeffal, tao ada eymrg tmoae
dada, dada oaeae jgpmrskekr, ausoultasg dada oaeae tmrdmefar smpmrtg udara yaef
hmlmwatg pgpa agr, dada ogrg tmrdmefar rkeog oasar. ^meue`aef0 lmuoksgtksgs, SIT
 pksgtgc JGS, cktk tkraos hmeue`uooae pemuhktkraos oaeae bmrat dae TB aotgc 
 paru ogrg. ^asgme dgdgafeksgs tmesgke pemuhktjkrax smouedmr oarmea TB paru,
smlage AGDY.
 

Tabml
Tabml 1. Jasgl
Jasgl  Ckllkw-]p smtml
smtmlaj
aj tgedaoae
tgedaoae dmophpr
dmophprmsg
msg emm
emmdlm
dlm dae pmhasaefae
Hgeg-VYD
 

^m
^mhm
hmrg
rgos
osaae
aae ra
radg
dgkl
klkf
kfgg da
darg
rg Z-
Z-ck
cktk
tk tk
tkra
raos
os pmrta
pmrtaha
ha (s
(saa
aatt hasu
hasuo
o RY)
RY)
dgdapatoae jasgl Ajlg Radgklkfg0 pemuhktkraos oaeae bmrat (ada dmvgasg traojma),
 paru oaeae oklaps bmrat, tahpao tubmroulksgs aotgc, dae tgdao dgdapatoae
oardgkhmfalg (Fahbar 2a).
^mhmrgosaae radgklkfg Z-cktk tkraos ulaef tgdao dapat dglaouoae oarmea
om
omtm
tmrb
rbat
atas
asae
ae su
suhb
hbmr
mr da
daya
ya haeus
haeusga
ga,, sm
smjg
jgeff
effaa ba
baru
ru dapat
dapat dg
dgla
laouo
ouoae
ae 3 `a
`ah
h
omhudg
omhudgae
ae (hasuo
(hasuo jarg
jarg omdua)
omdua),, dmefae
dmefae jasgl
jasgl hmeuru
hmeurutt Ajlg
Ajlg Radgkl
Radgklkfg
kfg bajwa
bajwa
 pemuhktjkrax oaeae rmlatgc saha, mhcgsmha suboutgs oaeae, dae hasgj tahpao 
TB aotgc paru ogrg. Tao tahpao iagrae dg omdua sgsg jmhktkraos (Fahbar 2b).
 

M. ^MHB
MHBAJAY
AJAYAE
AE
1. Dgafeksgs

^asgme
^asgme dg dgafeks
dgafeksgs
gs tmesg
tmesgke
ke pemuhktjkrax
pemuhktjkrax smtmlaj dgokecgrhasg dg baefsal,
oarmea sudaj dglaouoae pmhmrgosaae cktk tjkraos dglaouoae dg gFD. Jal geg
tgdao smsuag dmefae Yuttke & @keas(4) dae Ahmrgiae Ikllmfm kc Yurfmkes(=)
dghaea
dghaea dgafeks
dgafeksgs
gs tmesgk
tmesgke
e pemuhk
pemuhktjk
tjkrax
rax dgt
dgtmfa
mfaooae
ooae smiara
smiara olgegs
olgegs,, taepa
taepa
hmlaouo
hmlaouoae
ae pmhmrg
pmhmrgosa
osaae
ae radgkl
radgklkfg
kfg smjgef
smjgeffa
fa aoae hmeueda
hmeueda pmeaefa
pmeaefaeae
eae..
Dgafek
Dgafeksgs
sgs tmesgk
tmesgke
e pemuhk
pemuhktjk
tjkrax
rax smjaru
smjarusey
seyaa tmfao
tmfao dae dgt
dgtaef
aefaeg
aeg dg GFD
omtgoa pasgme dataef.
2. ^meaef
aefaeae
^asgme
^asgme dglaouoae
dglaouoae pmeaefaeae
pmeaefaeae emmdlm tjkraikimetmsgs
tjkraikimetmsgs smbafag
smbafag upaya
drageasm dae dglae`utoae dmefae hgeg-VYD smbafag upaya rm-mospaesg paru.
Caotkr
Caotkr yaef
yaef hmhpme
hmhpmefar
farujg
ujg ombmrja
ombmrjasgl
sglae
ae pmhasa
pmhasaefa
efae
e emmdlm
emmdlm yagtu
yagtu lkoasg
lkoasg
 pmemhpatae, omtmbalae dgedgef dada, pae`aef emmdlm
emmdlm,, oaraot
oaraotmrgst
mrgstgo
go pasgme,
pasgme,
bkdy hass gedmx (BHG), uhur, `megs omlahge, dae pksgsg lmefae pasgme.
Ijaef
Ijaef mt al.(11
al.(11)) hme`ml
hme`mlaso
asoae
ae bajwa
bajwa omtmba
omtmbalae
lae dgedge
dgedgef
f dada
dada GIY
ommhpat dg lgema aosgla aetmrgkr lmbgj tgpgs dgbaedgefoae GIY omdua lgema
hgdo
hgdola
lavg
vgou
oula
la.. Rmet
Rmetae
aef
f om
omtm
tmba
bala
lae
e dg
dged
edge
gef
f dada
dada dg GIY
GIY om
omdu
duaa lg
lgem
emaa
 

hgdolavgoula adalaj aetara 4,99 ’ 4,36 ih, smdaefoae dg GIY ommhpat lgema
aosgla aetmrgkr aetara 9,63 ’ 9,77 ih. Ym`alae dmefae gtu, Aokflu mt al.(12)
 `ufa hme`mlasoae bajwa rata-rata omtmbalae dgedgef dada GIY omdua lgema
hgdola
hgdolavgo
vgoula
ula pada laog-l
laog-laog
aog 9,: ih, smdaefo
smdaefoae
ae pada pmrmhp
pmrmhpuae
uae =,2 ih.

Ymdaefoae rata-rata omtmbalae dgedgef dada GIY omlgha lgema hgd aosgla pada
laog
laog-l
-lao
aogg 9,
9,9
9 ih,
ih, sm
smda
daef
efoa
oae
e pa
pada
da pm
pmrm
rmhp
hpua
uae
e 9,:
9,: ih.
ih. Ym
Ymjg
jgef
effa
fa `u
`ufa
fa
dgbutujoae pae`aef emmdlm smtgdaoeya = ih dg lgema hgd aosgla GIY om-4 atau
om-= afar omhuefogeae bmsar bgsa hmemhbus jgeffa oavuh plmura. Jal geg
dgdu
dgduoue
ouef
f pm
pmre
reya
yata
taae
ae Ball
Ball mt al
al.(
.(14)
14) bajwa
bajwa pmeff
pmeffuea
ueaae
ae oa
oatm
tmtm
tmrr dm
dmef
efae
ae
 pae`aef hgeghal 4,= ih dmefae lkoasg dg damraj aosgla hmegefoatoae aefoa
ombmrjasglae pada pasgme kbmsgtas.
9.  Hkegtkrg
 Hkegtkrgef
ef aed Ckllkw-]p
Ckllkw-]p
Ckllkw-up oasus geg ouraef lmefoap oarmea jaeya hmlgjat uedulasg
dae bubblm
bubblm   dg jarg
jarg pmrtah
pmrtahaa walaupu
walaupue
e cktk
cktk tkraos
tkraos dgl
dglaou
aouoae
oae bmrula
bmrulaef.
ef. Geg
oarmea tmrbataseya `uhlaj suhbmr daya dae iatatae hmdgs tgdao lmefoap. Jal
geg tgdao smsuag dmefae Jgsyah & Budgkek yaef hme`mlasoae bajwa ckllkw-
bajwa  ckllkw-
up yaef
up yaef lmefoap hmlgputg pmeglagae uedulasg, bubblm, warea dae `uhlaj iagrae
dalah 24 `ah, smrta cktk rketfme dada ulaef.
 Emmdlm   yaef dgsahbuefoae
 Emmdlm dgsahbuefoae om Hgeg-VYD
Hgeg-VYD dglmpas oarmea
oarmea bu
bubl
blmm dae
uedulasg hmefjglaef smjgeffa cktk tkraos omdua hmeue`uooae jasgl tmesgke
 pemuhktjkrax yaef rmlatgc saha dmefae cktk pmrtaha. Jal tmrsmbut tgdao 
smsuag dmefae Jgsyah & Budgke dae Parkfkulgdgs mt al. yaef hmeyataoae
 bajwa `aruh atau oaeul tmtap dgbgaroae dg tmhpat sahpag ijmst tubm bgsa
dghasuooae.
dghasuooae. Oatmtmr yaef tmriabut,
tmriabut, ousut,
ousut, tmrsuhbat,
tmrsuhbat, atau bgla aouhulasg
ud
udar
araa hasu
hasuo
o bm
bmrl
rlmb
mbgj
gjae
ae hmlm
hmlmbg
bgjg
jg om
omha
hahp
hpua
uae
e mv
mvao
aoua
uasg
sg oa
oatm
tmtm
tmrr bg
bgsa
sa
hmeymbaboae tmr`adgeya tmesgke pemuhktjkrax lafg.
Bmrtahbajey
Bmrtahbajeyaa okhplgoasg
okhplgoasg pemuhktkrao
pemuhktkraoss smpmrtg
smpmrtg mhcgsmha
mhcgsmha suboutgs
suboutgs
dae fahbar
fahbarae
ae radgkl
radgklkfg
kfgss pemuhkt
pemuhktkra
kraos
os yaef rml
rmlatg
atgcc saha
saha bmbmra
bmbmrapa
pa `ah
smtm
smtmla
laj
j Hgeg
Hgeg-V
-VYD
YD dgiab
dgiabut
ut,, ya
yaef
ef sm
smja
jaru
ruse
seya
ya ad
adaa pm
pmrb
rbag
agoa
oae
e fa
fahb
hbar
arae
ae
 

radgkl
radgklkfg
kfgs,
s, bgsa
bgsa dgoarm
dgoarmeao
eaoae
ae omhbal
omhbalgg hmegef
hmegefoat
oateya
eya tmesg
tmesgke
ke pemuhktjkrax
pemuhktjkrax
walaupue sudaj dglaouoae dmokhprmsg. Jal geg smsuag dmefae Fkrdke mt al.
yaef hmeyataoae bajwa pemuhktkraos gatrkfmego smrgef hme`adg okhplgoasg
darg tkraoksgetmsgs dae smrgef hmhbutujoae pmhasaefae ijmst tubm.
tubm.

4. Omfa
Omfafal
falae
ae/om
/ombm
bmrja
rjasgl
sglae
ae dgbae
dgbaedg
dgefo
efoae
ae dmefa
dmefae
e pmefa
pmefalah
lahae
ae/ca
/cal8o
l8ota
ta
ompustaoaae
^meaefaeae hgeg-VYD yaef dgsahbuefoae dmefae emmdlm tgdao bmrtajae
laha dalah hmefatasg hasalaj smsao pasgme smpmrtg pada oasus geg, bajoae
 bmbmrapa oasus pmefalahae
p mefalahae pmeulgs fafal oarmea tgdao bgsa hmemhbus iavuh
 plmura. Geg smpmrtg pmreyataae  Ahmrgiae Ikllmfm kc Yurfmkes 
Yurfmkes  bajwa
 bafaghaeapue `ufa, tgedaoae emmdlm dmokhprmsg tgdao smlalu bmrjasgl.
Ymjgeffa   fugdm
Ymjgeffa fugdmlg
lgem
em Eatg
Eatgke
keal
al Gest
Gestgt
gtutm
utm ck
ckrr Jmalt
Jmaltj
j ae
aed
d Iarm
Iarm Mx
Mxim
imll
llmei
meimm
hmrmokhmedas
hmrmokhmedasgoae
goae pmeaefaeae tmesgke pemuhktjkrax
pemuhktjkrax hmeffueaoae
hmeffueaoae kpme
tjkraikstkhy   (dmokhprmsg
tjkraikstkhy (dmokhprmsg dmefae `arg) dargpada
dargpada emmdlm dmikhprmssgke 
dmikhprmssgke  bgla
 pmeklkef hmhglgog omajlgae tmrsmbut. ^mhasaefae tub
tubmm tjkrai
tjkraikst
kstkhy
khy tmtap
dgpmrgetajoae smtmlaj tgedaoae emmdlm atau dmokhprmsg dmefae `arg.
C. OMYGH
MYGH^]
^]LA
LAE
E
^ada pmeaefaeae tmesgke pemuhktjkrax, emmdlm tjkraikimetmsgs dg smla gfa
omlgha lgema hgd-aosgla dae pmhasaefae hgeg-VYD lmbgj hudaj dglaouoae dae
 bgsa dglaouoae dg ruhaj saogt dmefae casglgtas ouraef
o uraef dae suhbmr daya tmrbatas,
 bajoae dg bawaj staedar. Emmdlm tjkraikimetmsgs dg smla gfa omlgha lmbgj hudaj
dglaouoae dgoarmeaoae dgedgef dada yaef lmbgj tgpgs dargpada dg smla gfa omdua
lgema hgd olavgoula. Hgeg-VYD `ufa bgsa dglaouoae, tmrutaha bgla tgdao ada ijmst
tubm, VYD dmcgegtgc, ajlg paru haupue ajlg bmdaj. Emmdlm tjkraikimetmsgs dae
hgeg
hgeg-V
-VYD
YD da
dapa
patt hmhp
hmhpmr
mrba
bago
gogg om
omad
adaa
aae
e pa
pasg
sgme
me tm
tmes
esgk
gke
e pemu
pemuhk
hktj
tjkr
krax
ax..
^meaefaeae kpme tjkraikstkhy dgaeffap lmbgj bago dae dgrmokhmedasgoae bgla
 pmeklkef hmhglgog omajlgae tmrsmbut.