AYZM0===

BQHQ KMSMBME QKDME (BKQ) QMY PMHA FNLA AVML (PFA) YALAYPAR 2:2:/2=.= (2:2:.2)

Emlm Lmfmsdswm ; [uhfruomg Kmeemf

Enlnr
Enlnr De`uh
De`uh Lmfms
Lmfmsdsw
dswm/E
m/EDL
DL ; :0924
:0924:2=
:2==
=

Pmeccmg Gmfdr ; Crasdh, :? Nhtnbar =446

Hn`
Hn`a/
a/E
Emlm Lmtm
Lmtm Hugdmf ; AYZ
AYZM
M0==
0===/ Za
Zaecme
cmetmr
tmr A
Ah
hnenld
enld Ldhr
Ldhrn
n

Hn`a
Hn`a/E
/Eml
mlm
m Zrnc
Zrncrm
rml
l Ytu
Ytu`d
`d ; 10/
10/ Y=-L
Y=-Lme
memk
mkal
alae
ae

Hn`a/Emlm QZBKK ; QZBKK QP Yurmbmym

Fmrd/Pmeccmg QMY PFA ; Yagmsm, =1 @asalbar 2:2:

Pme`m Pmecme Zasartm Qkdme

Zatuekuh

=. Me`m wmkdb laecdsd

laecdsd saimrm gaechmp
gaechmp `me baemr d`aetdtms pm`m
pm`m invar BKQ pm`m fmgmlm
fmgmlme
e ded.
2. Me`m wmkdb laecdsd
laecdsd `me laeme`mtmec
laeme`mtmecmed
med surmt pareymtmme
pareymtmme hakukurme
hakukurme mhm`aldh.
9. Kmwmbme bdsm
bdsm `dharkmhme
`dharkmhme `aecme
`aecme `dhatdh mtmu
mtmu tugds tmecme.
tmecme.
0. Kmwmbme `dueccmf
`dueccmf `dsartmd `aecme
`aecme invar BKQ `me surmt pareymtmme
pareymtmme hakukurme
hakukurme mhm`aldh.

HALAEPARDME ZAE@D@DHME @ME HABQ@MTMME QED_ARYDPY PARBQHM

= `mrd 2
 AYZM0===

BQHQ KMSMBME QKDME QED_ARYDPMY PARBQHM

Yurmt Zareymtmme Lmfmsdswm Hakukurme Mhm`aldh

Tmec bartme`m tmecme

tmecme `d bmwmf ded;

Emlm Lmfmsdswm ; [uhfruomg Kmeemf

EDL ; :0924:2==
Hn`a/Eml
Hn`a/Emlm
m Lmtm Hugdmf
Hugdmf ; Zaecmetmr
Zaecmetmr Ahnenld
Ahnenld Ldhrn (AYZM0=
(AYZM0===)
==)
Omhugtms ; Omhugtms Ahnenld
Zrncrml Ytu`d ; Y=-Lmemkalae
QZBKK-QP ; QZBKK-QP Yurmbmym

=. Ymym td`mh
td`mh laeardlm
laeardlm emshmf
emshmf QMY PFAPFA `mrd sdmpmpue sagmde laecue`uf `mrd mpgdhmsd
mpgdhmsd PFA
PFA pm`m
gmlme fttps;//tfa.ut.mi.d`.
2. Ymym td`mh
td`mh lalba
lalbardhm
rdhme
e emshmf
emshmf QMY
QMY PFA hapm`
hapm`mm sdmpmpue
sdmpmpue..
9. Ymym td`mh
td`mh laeardlm
laeardlm `me mtmu lalbardhme
lalbardhme bmetume
bmetume `mgml
`mgml baetuh
baetuh mpmpue `mgml paecarkmme
paecarkmme snmg
ukdme QMY PFA.
0. Ymym td`mh
td`mh lagmhuhme
lagmhuhme pgmcdmsd
pgmcdmsd mtms paharkmme nrmec gmde
gmde (laeymgde
(laeymgde `me
`me laecmhudeym
laecmhudeym sabmcmd
sabmcmd

1. paharkmme smym). bmfwm

Ymym lalmfmld
lalmfmld bmfwm sacmgm
sacmgm tde`mhme
tde`mhme haiurmecme
haiurmecme mhme
mhme lae`mpmthme
lae`mpmthme fuhulme
fuhulme sasumd
sasumd `aecme
`aecme
mturme mhm`aldh ymec bargmhu `d Qedvarsdtms Parbuhm.
?. Ymym barsa`dm
barsa`dm laekuekuec
laekuekuec tdeccd hatartdbme,
hatartdbme, ha`dsdpgdeme
ha`dsdpgdeme,, `me detacrdtms
detacrdtms mhm`aldh
mhm`aldh `aecme
`aecme td`mh
td`mh
lagmhuhme haiurmecme, knhd, laeyabmrgumshme snmg `me kmwmbme QMY PFA lagmgud la`dm mpmpue,
sartm tde`mhme td`mh tarpukd gmdeeym ymec bartaetmecme `aecme parmturme mhm`aldh Qedvarsdtms
Parbuhm.
@aldhdme surmt pareymtmme ded smym bumt `aecme sasueccufeym. Mpmbdgm `d halu`dme fmrd tar`mpmt
pagmeccmrme mtms pareymtmme `d mtms, smym barsa`dm bartmeccuec kmwmb `me laemeccuec smehsd
mhm`aldh ymec `dtatmphme ngaf Qedvarsdtms Parbuhm.

Crasdh, =1 @asalbar 2:2:

Tmec Lalbumt Zareymtmme

Zareymtmme

[uhfruomg Kmeemf

2 `mrd 2
 AYZM0===

EMYHMF QMY-PFA
QKDME MHFDR YALAYPAR-PMHA FNLA AVML
QED_ARYDPMY PARBQHM
YALAYPAR; 2:2:/2=.=

Zaecmetmr Ahnenld Ldhrn

AYZM0===
En. Ynmg Yhnr
=. Zarfmtdhme cmlbmr bardhut ded m`mgmf parldetmme `me paemwmrme uetuh bmrmec enrlmg; 9:

Z Y

A
ZA

N ]A ]
Bar`msmrhme cmlbmr `dmtms;
=) kagmshme omhtnr-omhtnr ymec l
lalpaec
alpaecmrufd
mrufd parcarmh
parcarmhme
me sapmekmec
sapmekmec hurvm parldetmm
parldetmme
e
`me hurvm paemwmrme8
2) kagmshme omhtnr-omhtnr ymec laeyabmbhme
laeyabmbhme p parcasarm
arcasarmee hurvm
hurvm parldetmme
parldetmme `me
paemwmrme `me mrmf parubmfmeeym (bumt `mgml baetuh tmbag)8 `me
9) kagmshme kdhm fmrcm
fmrcm ymec tarkm`d `d bmwmf `me `d mtms fmrcm
fmrcm hasadlbmecme
hasadlbmecme `me mpm
mpm
hasdlpugme Ymu`mrm!

2. Par`mpmt `um pae`ahmtme ymec `dcuemhme uetuh lalpagmkmrd pardgmhu hnesulae de`dvd`umg 2:
`mgml lagmhuhme hacdmtme hnesulsd, ymhed pae`ahmtme hmr`demg `me pae`ahmtme nr`demg.
Kagmshme kmwmbme Ymu`mrm saimrm kagms `me rdechms tarhmdt pae`ahmtme nr`demg bardhut;
=) kagmshme idrd-idrd hurvm
hurvm de`d
de`doaraesd
oaraesd `me l
laecmpm
aecmpm hurvm de`doaraesd
de`doaraesd td`mh paremf
paremf smgdec
barpntnecme8
2) kagmshme prnsas lmhsdldsmsd hapumsme `aecm
`aecme
e hurvm de`doaraesd
de`doaraesd tartaetu
tartaetu `me `aecme
bdmym tartaetu (`dgaechmpd hurvm)
9. Zrn`uhsd
Zrn`uhsd lar
larupm
upmhme
hme prnsas
prnsas depu
deputt mtmu bab
babarm
armpm
pm deput
deput laekm`d
laekm`d nutput.
nutput. @mgml
@mgml lagmhuh
lagmhuhme
me 9:
hacdmt
hacdmtme
me prn`u
prn`uhsd
hsd,, pr
prn`
n`usa
usae
e td`mh
td`mh sar
sartm
tm lartm
lartm `m
`mpm
pmtt laemlb
laemlbmf
mf salum
salum deput
deput ue
uetuh
tuh
laedechmthme nutput kdhm tarkm`d paedechmtme parldetmme tarfm`mp nutput tarsabut. Yafdeccm
`mgml tanrd parn`uhsd `me bdmym `mpmt `dba`mhme `um kaeds pardn`a prn`uhsd, ymhed pardn`a
prn`uhsd kmechm pae`ah `me pardn`a prn`uhsd kmechm pmekmec. Kagmshme `aecme kagms `me
rdechms;
=) paecartdme
paecartdme pardn`a
pardn`a prn`uhsd kmechm pae`ah `me kmechm pmekmec8
pmekmec8
2) Kagmshme
Kagmshme fubuecm
fubuecme
e metmrm prn
prn`uh
`uh tntmg
tntmg,, prn`uh lmr
lmrcde
cdemg
mg `me prn`uh
prn`uh rmtm-rmtm,
rmtm-rmtm, `me
cmlbmrhme hurvmeym8

9 `mrd 2
 0. Zarfmtdhme cmlbmr bardhut 2:

Kagmshme;
=) symrmt
symrmt hasad
hasadlbm
lbmecme
ecme pa
parusm
rusmfmm
fmme
e `mgml pmsmr
pmsmr par
parsmde
smdecme
cme lured8
lured8
2) kagmshme kmwmbme Me`m
Me`m kdhm hurvm LI lalntnec
lalntnec hurvm LR,
LR, LR= `me
`me LR2, `me
`me mpm
hasdlpugme Me`m

Yhnr Pntmg =::

Kmwmbme ;

=. M. Omhtnr ymec
ymec lalaecmruf
lalaecmrufdd parcarmhm
parcarmhme
e hurvm parldetm
parldetmme
me `me paemwmrm
paemwmrme
e
Hurvm parldetmme mhme sumtu bmrmec laeuekuhhme fubuecme metmrm kulgmf ymec
`dldetm `aecme fmrcmeym `aecme laecmeccmp fmg-fmg gmde `dmeccmp hnestme mtmu tatmp
(iatards pmrdbus),
pmrdbus), ymec `dtugdshme sabmcmd @ < o(Z) mtmu saimrm gaechmpeym @ < o (Y, Z , Z ,
T, B, H) s= `d lmem tme`m bmr (cmrds gurus `d mtms lmsdec-lmsdec furuo) laeuekuhhme bmfwm
vmrdmbag ymec bartme`m tarsabut `dmeccmp hnestme. Halbmgd ha omhtnr- omhtnr sagmde fmrcm
ymec lalpaecmrufd parldetmme, bmcmdlmem paecmruf lmsdec-lmsdec omhtnr tarsabut>

m. Yagarm. Yagarm hnesulae tarfm`mp sumtu bmrmec luechde barubmf, ldsmgeym hmraem
paecmruf dhgme, barmrtd mhme gabdf bmeymh ymec `dldet
`dldetmm pm`m satdmp tdechmt fmrcm. Km`d
Km`d,,
parldetmme mhme emdh mtmu hurvm parldetmme barcasar ha hmeme. Yabmgdheym
barhurmeceym sagarm hnesulae mhme bmrmec tarsabut laeyabmbhme parldetmme turue
ymec barmrtd hurvm parldetmme barcasar ha hdrd.

b. Bm
Bmey
eymh
mhey
eymm hn
hnes
esul
ulae
ae pa
palb
lbag
agd.
d. Bd
Bdgm
gm vn
vngu
gula
la palb
palbag
agdm
dme
e ng
ngaf
af lm
lmsd
sdec
ec-- lm
lmsd
sdec
ec
hnesulae smlm lmhm haemdhme kulgmf hnesulae `d pmsmr ymec `dmhdbmthme ngaf
parbmdhme smrmem trmespnrtmsd `me hnluedhmsd mtmu hmraem partmlbmfme pae`u`uh
laeyabmbhme haemdhme parldetmme ymec laeccasar hurvmeym ha hmeme. Zaeurueme
kulgmf mtmu bmeymheym hnesulae mhme laeyabmbhme fmg sabmgdheym, ymdtu barupm
paeurueme parldetmme. Yaimrm lmtalmtds parldetmme, pmsmr `mpmt `dimrd `aecme
laec
la ecmg
mgdhm
dhme
e bmeym
bmeymhey
heymm hn
hnes
esul
ulaeae `a
`aec
ecme
me hum
humet
etdtm
dtmss ymec
ymec `d
`dld
ldet
etmm nga
ngaf
f sanr
sanrme
mecc
hnesula
hne sulae.e. Pmb
Pmbag
ag 2.2 lae
laeueku
uekuhhm
hhme
e par
parlde
ldetmm
tmme
e de`d
de`dvd`u
vd`umg
mg `me par
parlde
ldetmm
tmme
e pms
pmsmr
mr
tarfm`mp karuh `aecme =1: hnesulae `me 2:: hnesulae. Inbm cmlbmrhme hurvm-
hurvm parldetmme pmsmr `aecme =1: palbagd `me 2:: palbagd, mhme targdfmt parcasarme
hurv
hu rvmm parl
parlde
detmm
tmme,
e, ym
ymec
ec bar
barmr
mrtd
td parl
parldet
detmm
mme
e emdh
emdh bd
bdgm
gm hn
hnesu
esula
laee bart
bartml
mlbm
bmff `m
`mee
sabmgdheym parldetmme turue kdhm kulgmfeym hnesulae palbagd barhurmec.
 Pmbag Zarldetmme Zmsmr mhme Karuh `aecme Barbmcmd Kulgmf Hnesulae Zalbagd
(@mtm Fdpntatds)

Humetdtms ymec @dldetm par ldeccu (Hc) ngaf

Fmrcm par hc (rdbu
rupdmf)
=1:
=1: hnhnes
esul
ulae
ae `d
Yanrmec 2:
2::: hn
hnes
esul
ulae
ae `d
pmsmr
hnesulae pmsmr

1 =1:
= 2::

2 0::
0 9::

9 0 ?:: 6::

2 4:: =2::
?

= 6 =2:: =?::

i. Zae`m
Zae`mpmtme
pmtme hnesul
hnesulae.
ae. Zaecmr
Zaecmruf
uf parub
parubmfme
mfme pae`mp
pae`mpmtme
mtme tarfm
tarfm`mp
`mp parlde
parldetmme
tmme mcmh
sa`dhdt hnl
sa`dhdt hnlpga
pgahs
hs hmr
hmraem
aem aoa
aoahey
heymm la
lalpu
lpueymd
eymd `um halhaluech
uechdem
deme.
e. Zm`
Zm`mm ulu
ululey
leym,
m,
paecmruf pae`mpmtme tarfm`mp parldetmme m`mgmf pnsdtdo `mgml mrtd haemdhme
pae`mpmtme mhme laemdhhme parldetmme. Fmg ded tarkm`d bdgm bmrmec tarsabut larupmhme
bmrmec supardnr mtmu bmrmec enrlmg. Ded sapartd aoah sagarm
sagarm `me aoah bmeymheym palbagd
ymec lalpueymd aoah pnsdtdo. Zm`m hmsus gmde, ymdtu bmrmec deoardnr, lmhm haemdhme
pae`mpmtme kustru laeuruehme parldetmme. Haemdhme pae`mpmtme hnesulae mhme
laemdhhme parldetmme hnesulae mhme lmhmeme `me bumf-bumfme sartm laemdhhme
palbagdme pmhmdme. Ded larupmhme bmrmec enrlmg. Patmpd haemdhme pae`mpmtme
laeyab
laey abmb
mbhm
hmee pa
parl
rlde
detm
tmme
me mhme
mhme cmcmpg
pgah
ah sabm
sabmcm
cmdd bmfm
bmfme
e lm
lmhm
hmem
eme
e ymec
ymec salu
salugm
gm
`dhnesulsd laeurue hmraem dm laeccmetd hnesulsd cmpgah `aecme barms ymec gabdf
bmdh humgdtmseym mhdbmt haemdhme pae`mpmtme. Cmpgah larupmhme bmrmec deoardnr. @um
haluechdeme sabmgdheym bdsm tarkm`d bdgm tarkm`d paeurueme pae`mpmtme. Zm`m hmsus
bmrmec enrlmg, paeurueme pae`mpmtme laecmhdbmthme paeurueme parldetmme.
Ya`mechme pm`m hmsus bmrmec deoardnr, paeurueme pae`mpmtme kustru laeyabmbhme
haemdhme parldetmme. Zaeurueme pae`mpmtme hnesulae laeyabmbhme hnesulsd mtmu
parldetmme cmpgah emdh. Tmec tarmhfdr ded laeuekuhhme fubuecme eacmtdo metmrm
pae`mpmtme `me parldetmme pm`m hmsus. bmrmec deoardnr.

`. Fmrcm bmrmec-bmrmec gmde ymec barsmechutme. Bmrmec-bmrmec gmde ymec barsmechutme

bdsm larupmhme bmrmec substdtusd (paeccmetd) mtmu bmrmec hnlpgalaetar (pagaechmp)
mtmu bmrmec gmde ymec tmh m`m fubuecmeeym. Haemdhme fmrcm bmrmec substdtusd barmrtd
paeurueme fmrcm bmrmec tarsabut saimrm ragmtdo lashdpue fmrcmeym tatmp tmh barubmf.
 Gmgu fmrcm bmrmec tarsabut laekm`d gabdf lurmf saimrm ragmtdo. Lmhm parldetmme sumtu
bmrmec mhme emdh bdgm fmrcm bmrmec substdtusdeym emdh. Bacdtu sabmgdheym bdgm fmrcm
bmrmec paeccmetd turue lmhm parldetmme mhme bmrmec tarsabut kucm turue. Fmg ded
hmraem
hmraem bmr
bmrmec
mec tar
tarsab
sabut
ut fmr
fmrcmey
cmeymm gab
gabdf
df lmf
lmfmg
mg `db
`dbme`d
me`dechm
echmee `ae
`aecme
cme fmr
fmrcm
cm bmr
bmrmec
mec
paeccmetd. Haemdhme fmrcm bmrmec pagaechmp sumtu bmrmec tartaetu laeyabmbhme
parldetmme bmrmec tarsabut turue. Hmtmhme sabmcmd inetnf metmrm ngd `aecme baesde.
Bd
Bdgm
gm fmr
fmrcm
cm baesd
baesde
e em
emdh
dh lm
lmhm
hm Me`
Me`mm mhme
mhme la
laec
ecur
urme
mecd
cd ba
barh
rhae
ae`m
`mrm
rmme
me ln
lnbdg
bdg,, `m
`me
e
mhdbmteym parldetmme ngd turue. @aldhdme sabmgdheym bdgm fmrcm baesde turue lmhm
parldetmme ndg emdh. Inetnf gmde bmrmec-bmrmec hnlpgalaetar m`mgmf hmlarm `me odgl,
pmgu basd `me pmhu, cugm `me hnpd, `me sabmcmdeym. Haluechdeme gmde m`mgmf bmrmec
de`apae`ae `d lmem lmsdec-lmsdec tmh m`m fubuecme smtu `aecme gmde. Inetnfeym
m`mgmf lmrcmrde `aecme bngm taeds, barms `aecme buhu, kml tmecme `aecme pdsmec
cnraec, `me sabmcmdeym.

a. Ahspahtmsd. Ahspahtmsd pmrm hnesulae bmfwm fmrcm-fmrcm mhme emdh `d lmsm `apme
lue
uech
chde
de lae aeya
yabm
bmbh
bhme
me lalarrah
ahmm lal
alba
bagd
gdey
eymm sahm
sahmrrme
mec
c ue uetu
tuh
h la laec
ecfd
fde`
e`mr
mrdd
ha
halu
luech
echdem
deme
e haharu
rucd
cdme
me mh
mhdbm
dbmtt haem
haemdhm
dhme
e fmrc
fmrcm.
m. @a
@ald
ldhd
hdme
me kuc
kucmm bd
bdgm
gm hne
hnesul
sulae
ae
lalprm
lal prmhdr
hdrmhm
mhmee pae
pae`mp
`mpmtm
mtmeeym
eeym emdh `d lms
lmsmm `apm
`apme.
e. Fmg sabsabmgd
mgdheym
heym tar
tarkm`
km`dd ymd
ymdtu
tu
paeurueme parldetmme bdgm pmrm hnesulae lalparhdrmhme bmfwm `d lmsm `apme
fmrcm-fmrcm emdh mtmu pae`mpmtmeeym turue.

Omhtnr fmrcm sae`drd larupmhme omhtnr ymec smecmt laeaetuhme humetdtms bmrmec
mtmu
mtmu pr
prn`
n`uh
uh ym
ymec
ec `dt
`dtmw
mwmrmrhm
hme.
e. Yh
Yha`
a`ug
ug mt
mtmu
mu hur
hurvm
vm pa
paem
emwm
wmrm
rme
e bm
bmrm
rmec
ec la
laeu
eueku
ekuhh
hhme
me
fubuecme metmrm humetdtms ymec `dtmwmrhme `aecme fmrcmeym ymec `dbumt bar`msmrhme
meccmpme bmfwm omhtnr-omhtnr gmde `d gumr fmrcm `dmeccmp hnestme mtmu tatmp. Kdhm smgmf
smtu
smtu mtm
mtmuu bab
babarm
armpm
pm omh
omhtnr
tnr buh
buhme
me fmr
fmrcm
cm yme
ymecc lal
lalpae
paecmr
cmrufd
ufd pae
paemwm
mwmrme
rme bar
barubm
ubmf,
f, ymec
barmrtd tmh m`m meccmpme iatards pmrdbus,
pmrdbus, lmhm hurvm paemwmrme mhme barcasar. Hurvm
paemwmrme prn`usae de`dvd`umg ss `me hurvm paemwmrme pmsmr YY `mpmt `dtuekuhhme pm`m
Cmlbmr 2 bardhut;

Cmlbmr Hurvm Zaemwmrme Zrn`usae Karuh De`dvd`umg

Omhtnr-omhtnr sagmde fmrcm sae`drd ymec lalpaecmrufd paemwmrme pm`m `msmreym m`mgmf
tahedh prn`uhsd ymec `dcuemhme, fmrcm deput, fmrcm bmrmec- bmrmec gmde, ahspahtmsd fmrcm
`d lmsm `apme, bmeymheym palbagd `d pmsmr, `me pmkmh mtmu subsd`d.

. =) Pa
Pahe
hedh
dh Zrn`
Zrn`uh
uhsd
sd `m
`me
e Fm
Fmrc
rcmm Om
Omht
htnr
nr Zr
Zrn`
n`uh
uhsd
sd.. De
Dedd la
laru
rupm
pmhm
hme
e `u
`umm fmg
fmg ymec
ymec
lalpaecmrufd humetdtms prn`uhsd. Zmrm prn`usae laemwmrhme `me laekumg prn`uh
`aecme tukume lalparngaf hauetuecme lmhsdlmg. Hauetuecme m`mgmf sagdsdf metmrm
fmrcm kumg prn`uh `aecme bdmym prn`uhsd. Yalmhde basmr hauetuecme lmhm salmhde
bmeymh bmrmec `dprn`uhsd `me `dtmwmrhme. Bdgm fmrcm kumg tatmp td`mh barubmf lmhm
hauetuecme gabdf basmr bdgm bdmym prn`uhsd turue. Lmhm paeurueme bdmym prn`uhsd
mhme laemdhhme paemwmrme. Pahedh prn`uhsd ymec gabdf aodsdae `me/mtmu paeurueme
fm
fmrc
rcmm omhtn
omhtnrr prn`u
prn`uhsd
hsd la
laey
eyab
abmbh
mbhme
me paeur
paeuruem
ueme
e bdm
bdmym
ym pr
prn`
n`uhs
uhsdd `me
`me sag
sagme
mekut
kuteym
eym
laemdhhme paemwmrme. Yabmgdheym haemdhme fmrcm omhtnr prn`uhsd mtmu paeccuemme
tahengncd ymec hurmec aodsdae laeyabmbhme paeurueme paemwmrme.

. 2) Zarubm
Zarubmfme
fme Fmrcm Bmrmec-b
Bmrmec-bmrmec
mrmec gmde. Zaeuruem
Zaeurueme
e fmrcm pm`d laeyabm
laeyabmbhme
bhme patmed
lalprn`uhsd `me laemwmrhme gabdf bmeymh kmcuec, sabmgdheym bdgm tarkm`d haemdhme
fmrcm pm`d lmhm prn`uhsd `me paemwmrme kmcuec laeurue.

. 9) Ahspah
Ahspahtmsd
tmsd fmrcm `d Lmsm @apme. Zm`m ulu
ululeym
leym bdgm ahspaht
ahspahtmsd
msd fmrcm `d lmsm,
`apme emdh lmhm prn`usae laecurmecd paemwmrme sahmrmec `me laemdhhme paemwmrme
`d lmsm `apme, tatmpd kdhm tarkm`d ahspahtmsd haemdhme fmrcm laeyabmbhme prn`usae
sacarm laemdhhme prn`uhsd ymec barmrtd paemwmrmeeym emdh.

. 0) Bme
Bmeymh
ymheym
eym Zrn
Zrn`usa
`usae.
e. Bdgm
Bdgm shm
shmgm
gm prn`uh
prn`uhsd
sd sat
satdmp
dmp parusm
parusmfmm
fmme
e su`m
su`mf
f tar
tartae
taetu
tu `me
smlm lmhm kulgmf prn`usae ymec salmhde bmeymh laeyabmbhme haemdhme paemwmrme,
salmhde sa`dhdt kulgmf prn`usae ymec m`m `d `mgml sumtu de`ustrd lmhm paemwmrme
laeurue.

. 1) Zmkmh `me subsd`d. @um fmg ded lalpae

lalpaecmrufd
cmrufd bdmym prn`
prn`uhsd
uhsd sapartd kucm fmgey
fmgeymm
tahe
tahedh
dh pr
prn`
n`uh
uhsd
sd `m
`me
e fm rcmm deput. Zaecae
fmrc Zaecaemme
mme pmk
pmkmh
mh lae
laeyab
yabmbh
mbhme
me hae
haemdhm
mdhme
e bdmy
bdmymm
prn`uhsd `me sabmgdheym palbardme subsd`d laeuruehmeeym. Km`d paecaemme pmkmh
mhme laeuruehme paemwmrme `me palbardme subsd`d mhme laemdhhme paemwmrme.

B. Zarcasarme hurvm parldetmme `me paemwmrme

=. Zarubmfme parldetmme `me kulgmf ymec `dldetm

Zarubmfme parldetmm
Zarubmfme parldetmme e tarkm`
tarkm`dd bdgm m`m parubm
parubmfme
fme hadecdeme `me halmlpume
halmlpume uetuh
lalbagd sumtu bmrmec pm`m satdmp tdechmt fmrcm bmrmec. Fmg ded tariarlde pm`m parcasarme
hurvm parldetmme ha hdrd mtmu ha hmeme ymec `dsabmbhme ngaf parubmfme `atarldeme-
`atarldeme parldetmme sagmde fmrcm bmrmec dtu sae`drd, ymdtu parubmfme sagarm, pae`mpmtme,
fmrcm
fmrcm bmr
bmrmec-
mec- bmr
bmrmec
mec gmde yme
ymecc bar
barsme
smechu
chutme,
tme, `me prm
prmhdr
hdrmme
mme fmr
fmrcm
cm sar
sartm
tm pae
pae`mp
`mpmtm
mtme
e
hnesulae `d lmsm `apme.

Yaimrmm rde
Yaimr rdechm
chmss `mp
`mpmt
mt `dhm
`dhmtmh
tmhme
me kdhm tar
tarkm`
km`dd hae
haemdhm
mdhmee par
parlde
ldetmm
tmme
e sum
sumtu
tu bmr
bmrmec
mec,,
`dlmem hnesulae lalbagd sumtu bmrmec `mgml kulgmf gabdf bmeymh pm`m satdmp tdechmt
fmrcm
fmr cm `mp
`mpmt
mt `ds
`dsabm
abmbhm
bhmee ngaf hae
haemdh
mdhme
me pra
praoar
oaraes
aesdd mtm
mtmu
u sag
sagarm
arm hnes
hnesula
ulae e mhm
mhme
e bmr
bmrmec
mec
tarsabut, bartmlbmfeym kulgmf palbagd `d pmsmr, haemdhme pae`mpmtme (bdgm bmrmec tarsabut
larupmhme bmrmec enrlmg) mtmu paeurueme pae`mpmtme (bdgm bmrmec tarsabut larupmhme
bmrmec deoardnr), haemdhme fmrcm bmrmec-bmrmec substdtusd mtmu paeurueme fmrcm bmrmec-
bmrmec pagaechmp (hnlpgalaetar), `me ahspahtmsd bmfwm fmrcm-fmrcm bmrmec turue mtmu
pae`mpmtmeeym emdh. Yabmgdheym tarkm`d paeurueme parldetmme sumtu bmrmec ymec
`dtuekuhhme ngaf parcasarme ha hdrd hurvm parldetmme luechde `dsabmbhme ngaf paeurueme
praoaraesd mtmu sagarm hnesulae mhme bmrmec tarsabut, barhurmeceym kulgmf palbagd `d
pmsmr, paeurueme pae`mpmtme
p ae`mpmtme bdgm bmrmec tarsabut larupmhme bmrmec enrlmg mtmu haemdhme
pae`mpmtme bdgm larupmhme bmrmec deoardnr, paeurueme fmrcm bmrmec-bmrmec substdtusd mtmu
haemdhme fmrcm bmrmec-bmrmec hnlpgalaetar, `me/mtmu ahspahtmsd bmfwm fmrcm bmrmec-
bmrmec mhme emdh mtmu pae`mpmtme hnesulae turue.

Zarcasarme ha hmeme mtmu ha hdrd hurvm parldetmme emlpmh pm`m hurvm- hurvm
parldetmme pm`m Cmlbmr Zarubmfme parldetmme ymec tagmf `durmdhme sabaguleym barba`m
`aecme parubmfme kulgmf ymec `dldetm. Tmec partmlm tarkm`d bdgm m`m parcasarme hurvm
parldetmme mtmu saguruf sha`ug parldetmme barubmf.

Cmlbmr Zarcarmhme Yapmekmec Hurvm Zarldetmme `me Zarcasarme Hurvm Zarldetmme

Zarpde`mfme `mrd tdtdh B ha tdtdh I, mtmu `mrd tdtdh A ha tdtdh M larupmhme parubmfme
parldetmme. @mrd tdtdh B ha tdtdh @ tarkm`d parubmfme (haemdhme) fmrcm ttmepm
mepm m`m parubmfme
humetdtms ymec `dldetm. Zarubmfme `mrd tdtdh I ha tdtdh @ tarkm`d haemdhme kulgmf ymec
`dldetm pm`m fmrcm ymec smlm. Km`d `d sded smgmf smtu ymdtu fmrcm mtmu kulgmf ymec `dldetm
barubmf. Yabmgdheym parubmfme humetdtms ymec `dldetm `dtuekuhhme ngaf parcarmhme `mrd
sumtu tdtdh ha tdtdh gmde pm`m hurvm parldetmme ymec smlm. Inetnfeym m`mgmf parpde`mfme

`mrd tdtdh I ha tdtdh B mtmu tdtdh A, mtmu parpde`mfme `mrd smtu ha tdtdh gmde pm`m sapmekmec
sumtu
sumtu hur
hurvm
vm par
parlde
ldetmm
tmme.
e. Zm`
Zm`mm sat
satdmp
dmp par
parpde`
pde`mfm
mfme
e tdtd
tdtdh,
h, bmdh hum
humetdt
etdtms
ms lmu
lmupue
pue fmr
fmrcm
cm
ha`umeym barubmf.

2. Zarubmfme paemwmrme `me kulgmf ymec `dtmwmrhme

Hnesap
Hnes ap `u
`umm lm
lmim
iml
l paru
parubm
bmfm
fme
e `mrd
`mrd sdsd
sdsd prprn`u
n`usa
sae
e saba
sabaem
emre
reym
ym memg
memgnc
nc `a
`aecm
ecme
e
parubmfme `mrd sdsd hnesulae, `mgml baetuh parubmfme paemwmrme `me parubmfme kulgmf
ymec `dtmwmrhme. Zarubmfme paemwmrme `dtuekuhhme ngaf parcasarme saguruf hurvm mtmu
sha`ug paemwmrme, ymec `dsabmbhme ngaf parubmfme smgmf smtu mtmu babarmpm `atarldeme
buhme fmrcm ymec laeaetuhme paemwmrme. Zarubmfme kulgmf ymec `dtmwmrhme
laeue
la euekuh
kuhhm
hme
e carm
carmhm
hmee parp
parpde`
de`mf
mfme
me `mrd
`mrd smtu
smtu td
tdtdh
tdh ha td
tdtdh
tdh gm
gmde
de `d sap
sapme
mekm
kmec
ec hu
hurv
rvmm
paemwmrme ymec smlm. Bdgm omhtnr-omhtnr buhme fmrcm ymec laeaetuhme paemwmrme m`mgmf
tatmp (iata
tatmp iatards
rds pmrdbu
pmrdbuss), lmh
lmhmm par
parubmf
ubmfme
me fmr
fmrcm
cm sae`
sae`drd
drd mhm
mhme
e lae
laeyab
yabmbh
mbhme
me par
parubm
ubmfme
fme
 humetdtms ymec `dtmwmrhme. @aecme laeccuemhme inetnf hurvm paemwmrme pmsmr mhme
karuh lmhm ha`um parubmfme tarsabut `mpmt `dtuekuhhme pm`m Cmlbmr bardhut;

Cmlbmr Zarcarmhme Yapmekmec Hurvm Zaemwmrme `me Zarcasarme Hurvm Zaemwmrme

Zarubmfme paemw
Zarubmfme paemwmrme
mrme `mpmt barupm haemdhme mtmupue paeur
paeurueme
ueme paemw
paemwmrme.
mrme. Tmec
partmlm `dtuekuhhme ngaf parcasarme paemwmrme ha hdrd `me ymec ha`um ngaf parcasarme
hurvm paemwmrme ha hmeme. Zarubmfme paemwmrme tarkm`d bdgm pm`m fmrcm ymec smlm,
kulgmf ymec `dtmwmrhme barubmf ldsmgeym `mrd tdtdh I ha tdtdh @, mtmu bdgm pm`m fmrcm
barba`m kulgmf ymec `d`dtmwmrhme
tmwmrhme smlm ldsmgeym `mrd tdtdh @ ha tdtdh B mtmu sabmgdheym `me
tdtdh B ha tdtdh @. Ya`mechme parubmfme kulgmf ymec `dtmwmrhme, bdgm tarkm`d parubmfme
pm`m fmrcm lmupue pm`m kulgmf ymec `dtmwmrhme. Ded tarkm`d pm`m parcarmhme `d sapmekmec
hurvm paemwmrme ymec smlm ldsmgeym parpde`mfme metmrm tdtdh M, B, `me I.

I. Kdhm fmrcm m`m `d bmwmf fmrcm hasadlbmecme,

hasadlbmecme, lmhm mhme tarkm`d hagabdfme parldetmme,
parldetmme, hmraem
parldetmme mhme laedechmt mhdbmt fmrcm ymec rae`mf, `me halu`dme paemwmrme laeurue.
Yabmgdheym, kdhm fmrcm pmsmr lagabdfd fmrcm hasadlbmecme lmhm mhme tarkm`d hagabdfme paemwmrme,
tatmpd hnesulae aeccme lalbagd/kulgmf parldetmme laeurue.

2. M. Idrd
Idrd-id
-idrd
rd hurv
hurvm
m de`d
de`doar
oaraes
aesdd

Idrd-idrd hurvm de`doaraesd m`mgmf sabmcmd bardhut.

D. Bargarae
Bargaraec c laeurue mtmu eacmtdo.
eacmtdo. Hurvme
Hurvmeymym barbaetuh
barbaetuh laeurue
laeurue `mrd hdrd mtms ha hmeme
hmeme bmwmf.
Fmg ded hmraem bdgm kulgmf sumtu bmrmec `mgml sumtu bue`ag hnesulsd `dhurmecd lmhm kulgmf
bmrmec gmde fmrus `dtmlbmf mcmr tatmp `mpmt lalparngaf tdechmt `mym cuem tntmg ymec smlm.
DD. Baetuheym ialbuec
ialbuec ha mrmf tdtdh nrdcde.
nrdcde. Fmg ded laeuekuhhme
laeuekuhhme `armkmt
`armkmt paeccmetdme
paeccmetdme metmr bmrmec
bmrmec
hnesulsd salmhde laeurue. @armkmt paeccmetdme laeuekuhhme barmpm smtume bmrmec fmrus
 `dtmlbmfhme pm`m sumtu bue`ag hnesulsd mcmr `dparngaf `mym cuem tntmg ymec smlm bdgm
bmrmec hnesulsd gmde `dhurmecd smtu smtume. Zm`m Cmlbmr `dmtms targdfmt `mrd tdtdh M ha tdtdh B
`dparguhme 9 smtume bmrmec V uetuh laeccmetdhme = smtume bmrmec T mcmr `dparngaf `mym
cuem tntmg ymec smlm mtmu mcmr tatmp barm`m pm`m hurvm de`doaraesd ymec smlm. Lmhm `armkmt
pa
paecc
eccme
metdm
tdmee m`
m`mgm
mgmff 9. @m
@mrd
rd tdtdh
tdtdh B ha tdtdh
tdtdh I `armk
`armkmt
mt paeccm
paeccmetd
etdme
me sabasm
sabasmrr 2. @me
@me bacdtu
bacdtu
sataruseym `armkmt paeccmetdme salmhde laeurue. Fmg ded `dsabmbhme hmraem halmlpume
sumtu bmrmec uetuh laeccmetdhme bmrmec gmde `mgml bue`ag hnesulsd (mcmr `dparngaf `mym
cuem tntmg ymec smlm) salmhde laeurue.
DDD. Hurvm-hu
Hurvm-hurvm
rvm de`doaraesd
de`doaraesd td`mh smgdec lalntnec.
lalntnec. Bdgm hurvm-hu
hurvm-hurvm
rvm tarsabut
tarsabut barpntne
barpntnecme
cme lmhm

td`mh hbesdstae
de`doaraesd
de`doaraes d ymec`aecme `aodedsd. Gdfmt
barmrtd hnlbdemsd tdtdhCmlbmr 9.1 laeuekuhhme
laeueku
M lalbardhme
lalbardhm hhme mtmu
e hapumsme parpntnecme metmrm
`mym cuem tntmg`um hurvm
barba`m.
Fmg ded td`mh luechde tarkm`d hmraem pm`m tdtdh hnlbdemsd ymec smlm, hmtmhmegmf `d tdtdh M
`dparngaf
`dparngaf tdechmt hapumsme tntmg mtmu `mym- cuem tntmg ymec basmreym barba`m.

B. Zrnsas Lmhsdldsmsd Hapumsme

Zrnsas sanrmec hnesulae lalbagmekmhme pae`mpmtmeeym fdeccm laeimpmd hapumsme
lmhsdlmg `aecme laeccuemhme memgdsds hurvm de`doaraesd m`mgmf sabmcmd bardhut. Yaimrm
crmodh tukume hnesulae bdsm `dimpmd bdgm dm laldgdf hnlbdemsd ymec barm`m pm`m hurvm
de`doaraesd pmgdec tdeccd ymec `mpmt `dsdeccuec ngaf cmrds hae`mgm meccmrme. Fmg ded
hmraem hnlbdemsd-hnlbdemsd (bue`ag hnesulsd) ymec targatmh `d mtms cmrds meccmrme td`mh
`m
`mpm
pmtt `d
`dim
impm
pmdd ngngaf
af hnhnes
esul
ulaeae ta
tars
rsab
abut
ut.. Cm
Cmrd
rdss sdec
sdeccu
cuec
ec pm`m
pm`m huhurv
rvmm de
de`d
`doa
oara
raes
esdd
laeuekuhhme `armkmt paeccmetdme hnesulsd metmrm `um bmrmec hnesulsd tarsabut. Pdtdh
hasadlbmecme `d lmem hnesulae lalparngaf hapumsme (`mym cuem tntmg) lmhsdlul
m`mgmf
m`m gmf pm`m tdtd
tdtdh
h sdec
sdeccue
cuec
c met
metmrm
mrm cmr
cmrds
ds hae
hae`mg
`mgmm mec
meccmr
cmrme
me `aec
`aecme
me hur
hurvm
vm de`d
de`doar
oaraes
aesdd
tart
tartde
deccd
ccd ymec
ymec `m `mpm
pmtt `d
`dim
impm
pmd.
d. Zm
Zm`m
`m CmCmlb
lbmr mr `d
`dbmw
bmwmf
mf ta
targ
rgdfm
dfmtt hn
hnesu
esula
lae e la
laeieimp
mpmd
md
hapumsme lmhsdlul `d tdtdh M pm`m hurvm de`doaraesd D = ymec saimrm lmhsdlmg `mpmt
`dim
`dimpmpmd.
d. Hm
Hmra
raem
em hnhnes
esul
ulae
ae lalalb
lbag
agmek
mekmh
mhmeme salu
salumm pae`m
pae`mpmpmtm
tmee
eeym
ym lm
lmhmhm dm mhme
mhme
barnparmsd pm`m tdtdh- tdtdh `d sapmekmec cmrds hae`mgm meccmrme. Dm td`mh mhme laldgdf
tdtdh I mtmu tdtdh @ lashdpue pae`mpmtmeeym lmlpu uetuh lalbagd hnlbdemsd pm`m tdtdh-
tdtdh tarsabut hmraem dm fmeym laeimpmd hurvm de`doaraesd D n ymec fmeym lalbardhme
hapumsme gabdf haidg `mrdpm`m hapumsme ymec `dtuekuhhme ngaf hurvm de`doaraesd D =. Paetu
smkm dm decde laeimpmd hurvm de`doaraesd D 2 `me laldgdf tdtdh B. Patmpd ded tmh bdsm
`dgmhuhme hmraem hnlbdemsd pm`m tdtdh B targatmh `d gumr kmechmume hae`mgm pae`mpmtme.
Pdtdh M larupmhme tdtdh hasadlbmecme hnesulae. Km`d `mpmt `dhmtmhme pm`m fmrcm V `me

T tartaetulmhm
meccmrme ymechumetdtms
edsbmfeym `dtuekuhhme
bmrmec ngaf T
V `me bmrmec sgnpa
ymecmtmu hnaodsdae
`dldetm garaec
sabmeymh cmrdsThae`mgm
V n `me n.
 9. M. Zaecartdm
Zaecartdme
e prn`uhsd
prn`uhsd kmechm
kmechm pmekme
pmekmec
c `me kmechm
kmechm pae`ah
pae`ah
=. Zrn`uhsd Kmechm Zae`ah

Fubuecme metmrm nutput `me deput `deymtmhme sabmcmd fuhul paemlbmfme bmsdg ymec
salmhd
sal mhde
e bar
barhur
hurmec.
mec. Fuhul ded lae
laeymt
ymtmhm
mhmee bmf
bmfwm
wm bdgm sumtu omh
omhtnr
tnr prn
prn`uh
`uhsd
sd mtmu deput
mtmu
tarus `dtmlbmf sa`mechme omhtnr-omhtnr prn`uhsd gmde `dmeccmp hnestme lmhm nutput ymec
`dfms
`dfmsdgh
dghme
me taru
taruss bart
bartml
mlbm
bmf,
f, ta
tatm
tmpd
pd ga
gawm
wmtt tdt
tdtdh
dh ta
tart
rtae
aetu
tu tm
tmlb
lbmfme nutput mhm
mfme mhmee sal
salmhde
mhde
barhurmec. Yabmcmd inetnf sabd`mec gmfme `dtmemld pm`d uetuh laecfmsdghme barms, lmhm
bdsm `dpaharkmhme smtu, `um, tdcm `me sataruseym, nrmec taemcm harkm uetuh laememl `me
laeccmrmp. @d sded omhtnr prn`uhsd tmemf larupmhme omhtnr prn`uhsd tatmp salaetmrm taemcm
harkm larupmhme smwmf prn`uhsd vmrdmbag.

2. Zrn`uhsd Kmechm Zmekmec

Zm`m pard
Zm`m pardn`
n`aa km
kmech
echmm pm
pmek
ekme
mec
c salum
salum omhtn
omhtnr-
r-om
omht
htnr
nr pr
prn`
n`uhs
uhsdd la
laru
rupm
pmhm
hme
e omht
omhtnr
nr
prn`uhsd vmrdmbag. Zarusmfmme ``mpmt
mpmt laecubmf shmgm/hmpmsdtms pmbrdh hmraem dm lalpueymd
iuhup wmhtu uetuh laemlbmf mtmu laecurmecd hmpmsdtms pmbrdh. Zarusmfmme-parusmfmme
bmru lalbmecue pmbrdh-pmbrdh bmru `me lmsuh ha `mgml de`ustrd tartaetu. Bmcd
parusmfmme-parusmfmme ymec tagmf m`m larahm bdsm laemlbmf hmpmsdtms prn`uhsd mtmu
laecfaetdhme prn`uhsd `me ha gumr `mrd de`ustrd tartaetu. Mhme `dkagmshme gabdf `mfugu
bmcmdlmem pardgmhu ouecsd prn`uhsd kmechm pmekmec `me sagmekuteym
sagmekutey m bdmym- bdmymeym. @d sded
tmh m`m omhtnr prn`uhsd `me bdmym vmrdmbag mtmupue omhtnr prn`uhsd `me bdmym tatmp. Yalum
larupmhme omhtnr prn`uhsd `me bdmym vmrdmbag. Yabmcmd inetnf m`mgmf parusmfmme ymec
laldgdh
lal dgdhdd pmb
pmbrdh
rdh yme
ymec
c lug
lugm-
m- lug
lugmm bar
barshmg
shmgmm hai
haidg
dg hal
halu`d
u`dme
me bar
barfms
fmsdg
dg bar
barhal
halbme
bmecc `me
lalparbasmr shmgm pmbrdheym.

B. Fubuecme metmrm prn`uh tntmg, prn`uh lmrcdemg `me prn`uh rmtm-rmtm, `me cmlbmrhme hurvmeym

Omhtnr Zrn`uhsd Patmp `me _mrdmbag Yartm Barbmcmd Ymtume Zrn`uh (@mtm Fdpntatds)

Zrn`uh Rmtm-
Pmemf Paemcm Harkm Zrn`uh Pntmg Zrn`uh Lmrkdemg
rmtm

= : : - :

= = =: =: =:

= 2 20 =0 =2

= 9 =2
9? =2

= 0 6
00 ==

= 1 1: ? =:
= ? 10 0
4

= 3 1? 2 6

Zrn`uh lmrkdemg larup

upmmhme tmlbmfme nutput mtmu
tmu prn`uh tntmg mhdbmt
`dpaharkmhmeeym tmlbmfme smtu smtume taemcm harkm mtmu tmlbmfme smtu omhtnr prn`uhsd
vmrdmbag. Zrn`uh rmtm-rmtm par taemcm harkm `mpmt `dfdtuec `aecme lalbmcd prn`uh tntmg
`aecme kulgmf taemcm harkm ymec `dcuemhme uetuh lalprn`uhsd, ymec `dtugdshme sabmcmd
bardhut.

`d lm
lmem
em MZ m`mg
m`mgmf
mf prn`
prn`uh
uh rm
rmtm
tm-r
-rmt
mtm,
m, PZ m`mg
m`mgmf
mf pr
prn`
n`uh
uh tnt
tntmg
mg,, `m
`me
e LZ m`mg
m`mgmf
mf pr
prn`u
n`uh
h
lmrkdemg8 sa`mechme (t) `me (t-=) m`mgmf tdechmt paeccuemme taemcm harkm.

Hurvm prn`uh tntmg, prn`uh lmrkdemg, `me prn`uh rmtm-rmtm `dtuekuhhme pm`m Cmlbmr
`dbmwmf ded `d lmem ] `me G lmsdec-lmsdec m`mgmf humetdtms prn`uh `me bmeymheym taemcm
harkm ymec `dcuemhme. @mrd inetnf hmsus prn`uhsd pm`d `mgml kmechm pae`ah ymec smecmt
sa`arfmem, `d lmem tar`mpmt smtu omhtnr vmrdmbag `me smtu omhtnr tatmp lmhm `mpmt `dfdtuec
bdmym tntmg bdgm fmrcm tmemf `me upmf taemcm harkm `dhatmfud. Pmbag 0.2 laeuekuhhme
basmreym bdmym tntmg pm`m barbmcmd humetdtms ymec `dcuemhme bdgm fmrcm tmemf m`mgmf
Rp=:.:::,:: par smtume `me upmf taemcm harkm m`mgmf Rp2.:::,:: par smtume. Hurvm bdmym
tntmg uetuh lmsdec-
lmsdec-lmsde
lmsdec
c humetdt ms nutput `mpmt `dtuekuhhme pm`m Cmlbmr 0.9. PI m`mgmf
humetdtms
bdmym tntmg ymec larupmhme paekulgmfme bdmym vmrdmbag tntmg ymdtu P_I `me bdmym tatmp
tntmg (POI), ded salum larupmhme hnesap bdmym-bdmym tntmg, bdmym-bdmym rmtm-rmtm, `me bdmym
lmrkdemg.

Cmlbmr Hurvm Zrn`uh Pntmg (Bmeymheym Paemcm Harkm ymec @dcuemhme (G) )

Cmlbmr Hurvm Zrn`uh Lmrkdemg `me Rmtm-rmtm

Pmbag Bdmym Zrn`uhsd (@mtm Fdpntatds)

Bdmym Patmp Pmemf (rdbu Bdmym _mrdmbag Paemcm

Bdmym Pntmg (rdbu Zrn`uh Pntmg
rupdmf) Harkm (rdbu rupdmf)
rupdmf) (Humetdtms Nutput)

=: :
=: :

=: 2 =2 =:

=: 0
=0 20

=: ?
=? 9?

00
=: 6 =6

=: =: 2: 1:

=: =2 22 10

=: =0 20 1?

Cmlbmr Hurvm-hurvm Bdmym Pntmg

0. M. Yymrmt
Yymrmt Hasadlbm
Hasadlbmecme
ecme Zarusm
Zarusmfmme
fmme `d
`d Zmsmr
Zmsmr Zarsmdecm
Zarsmdecme
e Lured
Zardgmhu `mgml kmechm pae`ah
Zrn`usae pm`m pmsmr parsmdecme salpurem bdmsmeym m`mgmf prn`usaeprn`usae haidg. @mgml
lalparfdtu
lalp arfdtuechme
echme tdechmt
tdechmt hauetuecm
hauetuecmee ymec `dparngaf,
`dparngaf, parusmfmme
parusmfmme mhme lalbme`de
lalbme`dechme
chme metmrm
paeardlmme tntmg ymec `dtardlmeeym `aecme bdmym tntmg ymec `dhagumrhme. Zaeardlmme tntmg (PR)
larupmhme
larup mhme parhmgdme metmrm/ymec
metmrm/ymec tarkm`d
tarkm`d `d pmsmr Lmhsdlmsd hauetuecme
hauetuecme larupmhme
larupmhme smgmf smtu
tukume
tukume parusmfmme
parusmfmme `mgml lalprn`uhsd
lalprn`uhsd sumtu bmrmec.Pukume
bmrmec.Pukume ymec gmdeeym ldsmgeym
ldsmgeym lmhsdlmsd
lmhsdlmsd
paekumgme, partulbufme parusmfmme, `me hapumsme lmemkalae. @mgml kmechm pae`ah , `dmsulsdhme
kulgmf prn`usae m`mgmf tatmp `me td`mh m`m parusmfmme ymec lmsuh mtmu hagumr pmsmr. Zrn`usae
ymec decde bartmfme fmrus laemwmrhme prn`uheym `aecme fmrcm gabdf tdeccd mtmu ldedlmg smlm
`aecme bdmym prn`uhsd par uedt ldedlul ymec fmrus `dbmymr
2. Zardgmhu `mgml kmechm pmekmec
@mgml
@mgml kmech
kmechmm pmekme
pmekmec
c mhme
mhme bmeymh
bmeymh parusm
parusmfmm
fmme
e ymec
ymec lmsuh
lmsuh `me hagumr
hagumr pmsmr.
pmsmr. Yumtu
Yumtu
parusmfmme ymec barnparmsd `d pmsmr parsmdecme salpurem lalparngaf hauetuecme gabdf hmraem
m`meym
m`meym haemdh
haemdhme
me kulgmf
kulgmf bmrmec
bmrmec ymec
ymec `dldet
`dldetm,
m, lmhm
lmhm hauetu
hauetuecm
ecme
e gabdf
gabdf ymec
ymec ymec
ymec `dparn
`dparngaf
gaf
parusmfmme tarsabut mhme laemrdh ldemt parusmfmme-parusmfmme bmru uetuh lmsuh ha`mgml pmsmr
`me laecfmsdgh
laecfmsdghmeme bmrmec
bmrmec ymec smlm.Fmg ded mhme laeuruehme
laeuruehme fmrcm,mhdb
fmrcm,mhdbmteym
mteym mhme laeuruehme
laeuruehme
hauetuecme ymec `dparngaf parusmfmme. @aldhdme kucm sabmgdheym.

B. Km`d, satdmp tdtdh pntnec metmrm LR ( < Z) `me LI laeuekuhhme pmsmecme fmrcm `me
humetdtms ymec `dtmwmrhme ngaf parusmfmme `me lalbardhme hauetuecme lmhsdlmg mtmu
harucdme ldedlmg haiumgd bdgm tdtdh pntnec tarsabut targatmh `d bmwmf mtmu gabdf rae`mf
`mrdpm`m bdmym vmrdmbag rmtm-rmtm ldedlul. Hmraem dtu `mpmt `dsdlpughme bmfwm hurvm bdmym
lmrkdem
lmr kdemgg la
larup
rupmhm
mhme
e hur
hurvm
vm pae
paemwm rme nu
mwmrme nutp
tput
ut nga
ngaf
f par
parusm
usmfmm
fmmee de`d
de`dvd`u
vd`umg
mg `mg
`mgml
ml kme
kmechm
chm..
pae`ah haiumgd bmcdme hurvm bdmym lmrkdemg ymec targatmh `d bmwmf hurvm bdmym vmrdmbag
rmtm-rmtm
rmtm-rmtm.. Zm`
Zm`mm Cml
Cmlbmr
bmr `dmtms targdf
targdfmt
mt hur
hurvm
vm bdmy
bdmymm lmr
lmrkdem
kdemgg lug
lugmd
md `mr
`mrdd tdt
tdtdh
dh M ha mtm
mtmss
larupmhme hurvm paemwmrme prn`uh ngaf parusmfmme pasmdec lured. Zaeaetume fmrcm `me
nutp
nu tput
ut pm`m pmsmr parsmdecme lured `aecme pae`ahmtme bdmym `me pae`mpmtme tntmg `me
lmrkdemg `mgml kmechm pae`ah `drdechmshme pm`m