ñd¶§-Aܶ¶Z MmMUr    CËVao

8.  ^maVmVrb gmd©O{ZH$ {dËV ì¶dhma

à.  1.  (A) 

(1) (H$) XmoÝhr {dYmZo g˶ AgyZ, VH©$ {dYmZ " ~ ' ho {dYmZ " A ' Mo ¶mo½¶ ñnîQ>rH$aU
Amho.
(2) (~) {dYmZ " A ' Ag˶ Amho, nU VH©$ {dYmZ " ~ ' g˶ Amho.
(3) (H$) XmoÝhr {dYmZo g˶ AgyZ, VH©$ {dYmZ " ~ ' ho {dYmZ " A ' Mo ¶mo½¶ ñnîQ>rH$aU
Amho.
(~)
(1) g_mOmbm _hËV_ bm^ {_idyZ XoÊ`mÀ`m ÑîQ>rZo Ho$bobo {dËV ì`dhma : gmd©O{ZH$
{dËV ì¶dhma.
(2) H$moUË`mhr {deof bm^mÀ`m àmßVr{edm` ì`³VrZo emgZmbm {Xbobo g³VrMo XoUo  : H$a.
(3) H$m`XçmMm ^§J Ho$ë`mg g§~§{YV ì`³Vrbm ^amdr bmJUmar a³H$_ : X§S>.
à.  2. 
(1)
gmd©O{ZH$ {dËV ì`dhma ImOJr {dËV ì`dhma
1. AW©
gd©gm_mÝ` ZmJ{aH$m§Zm _hËV_ bm^ ñd{hVmMr nyV©Vm H$aÊ`mÀ`m CX²XoemZo
{_idyZ XoÊ`mÀ`m CX²XoemZo emgZmZo Ho$bobo ì`³VrZo {H§$dm ImOJr g§ñWoZo Ho$bobo {dËV
{dËV ì`dhma, åhUOo " gmd©O{ZH$ {dËV ì`dhma, åhUOo " ImOJr {dËV ì`dhma '
ì`dhma ' hmoV. hmoV.
2. bdMrH$Vm
gmd©O{ZH$ {dËV ì`dhma A{YH$ bdMrH$ ImOJr {dËV ì`dhma H$_r bdMrH$
AgVmV. gmd©O{ZH$ {dËV ì`dhmam§V ~Xb AgVmV. ImOJr {dËV ì`dhmam§V ~Xb
H$aÊ`mg dmd AgVmo. H$aÊ`mg \$magm dmd ZgVmo.

ñd¶§-Aܶ¶Z MmMUr : AW©emñÌ (àH$aU> 8  CËVao)  B¶ËVm ~mamdr 1

 (2)
{deof A{Y^ma {deof H$a
1. AW©
emgZmZo {d{eîQ> ^mJmVrb ZmJ{aH$m§Zm A{hVH$maH$ dñVy§À`m Cn^moJmnmgyZ
nwadboë`m {deof gw{dYm§~X²Xb Ë`m ZmJ{aH$m§Zm namd¥ËV H$aÊ`mÀ`m _yi hoVyZo
^mJmVrb ZmJ{aH$m§Zr emgZmbm {Xbobm emgZmZo A{hVH$maH$ dñVy§da AmH$mabobm
_mo~Xbm, åhUOo " {deof A{Y^ma ' hmo`. H$a, åhUOo " {deof H$a ' hmo`.
2. CXmhaUo
{d{eîQ> ^mJmVrb ZmJ{aH$m§Zm añVo, D$Om©, _Xç, A\y$ Am{U BVa A_br nXmWmªda
nmUrnwadR>m BË`mXr {deof godm emgZmZo AmH$mabobm H$a hr {deof H$amMr
nwadë`m~X²Xb ñWm{ZH$ ñdamÁ` g§ñWm§Zr CXmhaUo hmoV.
AmH$mabobm Xa ho {deof A{Y^mamMo
CXmhaU hmo`.

(3)
àË`j H$a AàË`j H$a
1. AW©
Omo H$a H$aXmË`mÀ`m CËnÝZmda {H§$dm Omo H$a dñVy d godm§da AmH$mabm OmVmo d
g§nËVrda AmH$mabm OmVmo d Ë`m_wio Á`m Ë`m_wio Á`m H$amV H$aKmV EH$m ì`³Vrda
H$amV H$amKmV Am{U H$a^ma EH$mM ({dH«o$Ë`mda) Am{U H$a^ma Xwgè`m
ì`³Vrda nS>Vmo, Agm H$a åhUOo " àË`j ì`³Vrda (J«mhH$mda) nS>Vmo, Agm H$a
H$a ' hmo`. åhUOo " AàË`j H$a ' hmo`.
2. CXmhaUo
d¡`{³VH$ CËnÝZ H$a, g§nËVr H$a BË`mXr dñVy d godm H$a, H$ñQ>_ S>çwQ>r BË`mXr
àË`j H$amMr CXmhaUo AmhoV. AàË`j H$amMr CXmhaUo AmhoV.

2 ñd¶§-Aܶ¶Z MmMUr : AW©emñÌ (àH$aU> 8  CËVao)  B¶ËVm ~mamdr

 (4)
_hgwbr IM© ^m§S>dbr IM©
1. AW©
emgZmX²dmao Omo IM© gd©gmYmaUnUo emgZmX²dmao Omo IM© XoemÀ`m Am{W©H$
emgH$s` ImË`m§da Am{U {d{dY godm§da d¥X²Yr d {dH$mgmgmR>r Ho$bm OmVmo Vmo
Ho$bm OmVmo Vmo IM©, åhUOo " _hgwbr IM©, åhUOo " ^m§S>dbr IM© ' hmo`.
IM© ' hmo`.
2. CXmhaUo
emgZmMm àemgH$s` godm§darb IM©, emgZmZo {d{dY àH$ënm§V Ho$boë`m
gm_m{OH$ godmgw{dYm§darb IM©, Am{W©H$ Jw§VdUwH$m, emgH$s` H$Om©Mr naV\o$S>,
godm§darb IM©, AZwXmZo, {Zd¥{ËVdoVZ amÁ` emgZ {H§$dm emgH$s` CXçmoJg§ñWm§Zm
BË`mXr _hgwbr IMm©Mr CXmhaUo hmoV. {Xbobr H$O} BË`mXr ^m§S>dbr IMm©Mr
CXmhaUo hmoV.
à.  3. 
(1)  VwQ>rÀ¶m A§XmOnÌH$mMr ‘m{hVr  :
(1) Á`m A§XmOnÌH$mV gaH$maMr àñVm{dV Ano{jV àmßVr hr àñVm{dV Ano{jV IMm©nj o m
H$_r Xe©dbobr AgVo, Ë`m A§XmOnÌH$mbm " VwQ>rMo A§XmOnÌH$ ' åhUVmV. åhUOoM VwQ>rMo
A§XmOnÌH$ åhUOo gaH$mar _hgwbr CËnÝZ  gaH$mar _hgwbr IM©.
(2) Am{W©H$ _§XrÀ`m H$mbI§S>mV _§Xrbm Amim KmbÊ`mgmR>r d à^mdr _mJUr, amoOJma
nmVir, g_J« JwV§ dUyH$ nmVir dmT>dÊ`mgmR>r VwQ>rMo A§XmOnÌH$ Cn`w³V R>aVo. _§XrÀ`m
H$mimV gaH$ma gmd©O{ZH$ IMm©Mo à_mU dmT>dVo. _§XrÀ`m H$mimV H$am§Mo à_mU H$_r
Ho$bo OmVo. Ë`m_wio EH$m ~mOyZo bmoH$m§Mr IaoXre³Vr dmT>Vo d Xwgè`m ~mOyZo gaH$maÀ¶m
CËnÝZmMo à_mU H$_r hmoV.o H$am§V KQ> Pmë`m_wio à^mdr _mJUr dmT>Vo d g_J« CËnmXZ
nmVir, g_J« JwV§ dUyH$ nmVir, amoOJma nmVir Am{U {H§$_V nmVir daÀ`m {XeoZo gaHy$
bmJVo.
(3) AmYw{ZH$ H$mimV VwQ>rMo A§XmOnÌH$ ho emgZmMo gd©gmYmaUnUo am~dbo OmUmao YmoaU
Amho. ^maVmgma»`m {dH$gZerb Xoem§Zr Am{W©H$ {dH$mgmgmR>r gmVË`mZo VwQ>rÀ`m
A§XmOnÌH$mMo YmoaU AZwgabo Amho.

ñd¶§-Aܶ¶Z MmMUr : AW©emñÌ (àH$aU> 8  CËVao)  B¶ËVm ~mamdr 3

 (2) (A) H$amÀ`m ì`m»`m  :  (1) àm. Q>m°{gJ `m§À`m _Vo, "" emgZmH$Sy>Z bmJy Ho$bobo BVa
AmH$ma Am{U H$a `m§_Yrb \$aH$mMm _w»` Jm^m Agm H$s, H$aXmVm Am{U emgZ
`m§V WoQ> bm^mMm d naVmì`mMm A^md AgVmo.''
(2 ) àm. go{b½_Z `m§À`m _Vo, "" H$moUË`mhr {deof bm^mÀ`m àmßVr{edm` ì`³VrZo emgZmbm
{Xbobo g³VrMo XoUo åhUOo H$a hmo`. ''
(~)  H$amMr d¡{eîQ>ço  :  H$amMr _hËËdmMr d¡{eîQ>ço nwT>rbà‘mUo hmoV :
(1) g³VrMo XoUo  :  H$a ho H$aXmË`mZo emgZmbm XoÊ`mMo g³VrMo XoUo AgVo. H$a Á`m
H$aXmË`mda bmJy hmoVmo, Ë`m H$aXmË`mbm H$a ^aUo H$m`XçmZo ~§YZH$maH$ AgVo.
H$aXmË`mZo H$amMr a³H$_ Z ^aë`mg emgZ g§~§{YV ì`³Vrbm H$m`XçmVrb VaVwXtZwgma
{ejm H$ê$ eH$Vo.
(2) gm_m{OH$ {hVmMm hoVy  : gm_m{OH$ {hVmgmR>r emgZmbm Omo gmd©O{ZH$ IM© H$amdm
bmJVmo, Ë`m IMm©Mr a³H$_ C^r H$aÊ`mgmR>r emgZmX²dmao H$am§Mr AmH$maUr H$aÊ`mV
`oVo.
(3) H$a ^aë`mÀ`m _mo~Xë`mV H$moUË`mhr bm^mMm A^md  : H$aXmË`mbm H$a ^aë`mÀ`m
_mo~Xë`mV emgZmH$Sy>Z H$moUVmhr bm^ {H§$dm godm KoÊ`mMm A{YH$ma ZgVmo.
(4) àË`j d AàË`jarË`m H$a AmH$maUr  :  emgZ ì`³VrÀ`m CËnÝZmda, _mb_ËVoda
àË`j H$am§Mr AmH$maUr H$aVo. Ë`mMà_mUo emgZ {d{dY dñVy§da d godm§da AàË`j
H$a AmH$maVo.
à.  4. 
(1) bm^mÏ`mªZm YZmXoemÀ`m ñdê$nmV n¡go XoÊ`mEodOr Ë`m§Mr H$miOr KoÊ`mgmR>r g§ñWmË_H$
ì`dñWm H$aUo d Ë`m§Zm ñdmdb§~r ~ZdUo `m ñdê$nmMm gm_m{OH$ gwajoV g§H$ënZmË_H$
~Xb `m CVmè`mV gwMdÊ`mV Ambm Amho.
(2) H$_r Am{W©H$ g§gmYZo, bmoH$g§»`oMo dmT>Vo Am`w_m©Z, dmT>Vo eharH$aU d Ë`m_wio hmoUmao
ñWbm§Va BË`mXr ^maVmÀ`m d¡{eîQ>çm§_iw o gm_m{OH$ gwajoMo nma§n{aH$ àmê$n ^maVmgmR>r AZwH$y b
R>aV Zmhr.

4 ñd¶§-Aܶ¶Z MmMUr : AW©emñÌ (àH$aU> 8  CËVao)  B¶ËVm ~mamdr