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UNIT FOUR
Irregular verbs: haben (to have) and sein (to be)
The verbs haben ‘to have’ and sein ‘to be’ are both very important. They are quite irregular in
German, as in English.
Different patterns
As explained in Unit 3, irregular verbs in German tend to change their stem vowel. In the
present tense this sometimes affects the du and er/sie/es forms:
Sein is an example of an irregular verb where the endings change even more drastically. This is
very similar to English, where ‘to be’ has very irregular forms in the present tense:
I am
you are
he/she/it is
we are
you are
they are
sein haben
ich (I) bin habe
du (you, informal) bist hast
Sie (you, formal) sind haben
er/sie/es (he/she/it) ist hat
wir (we) sind haben
ihr (you, plural, informal) seid habt
Sie (you, plural, formal) sind haben
sie (they) sind haben
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There are some patterns with haben which may help you remember the endings.
The endings for ich, wir, ihr and sie are regular: you add them to the stem in the normal way:
It is only for du and er/sie/es that the finite verb form is irregular – you need to drop the b from
the stem:
du hast
er/sie/es hat.
Examples
Use of haben
Haben is an important verb which you will be using a lot. It is used to form tenses just as English
uses ‘to have’:
Useful phrases
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The finite verb forms for sein are completely irregular and need to be learned by heart: ich bin,
du bist, Sie sind, er/sie/es ist, wir sind, ihr seid, Sie sind, sie sind.
Examples:
And there is, of course Shakespeare: To be or not to be, that is the question.
In German this would be: Sein oder Nicht-Sein. Das ist die Frage.
Use of sein
Like haben, sein is an important verb and you will be using it a lot. It is used to form tenses and
other grammatical forms.
Although there are many similarities between the use of ‘to be’/sein in English and German,
there are also important differences. You cannot, for instance, use sein to form a tense similar
to the English: ‘I am going’. There is no present continuous tense in German language.
Exercise 4.1
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Complete the following sentences with the correct finite verb forms of haben.
Example: Ich eine Schwester.
Ich habe eine Schwester.
Exercise 4.2
Use the appropriate finite verb forms of sein to complete the following short dialogues.
Exercise 4.3
Now write out the full present tense for all persons of the verbs:
ich / wir /
du / ihr /
Sie, / Sie /
er/sie/es / sie /
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4 Are you Mr. Becker? (Use (a) the du and (b) the Sie form.)
6 Do you have time? (Use (a) the du and (b) the Sie form.)
9 I have a flat.
10 We are hungry.
Checklist ✓
1 Do you know all the finite verb forms (in the present
tense) for sein by heart?
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