ULANGAN TENGAH SEMESTER

TEORI BILANGAN

1. Tunjukkan ∑𝑛𝑗=1 = 1.1! + 2.2! + ⋯ + 𝑛. 𝑛! = (𝑛 + 1)! − 1, n ∈ 𝑍 +

Karena n∈ 𝑍 + , maka pembuktian dapat dilakukan dengan induksi matematika.

misalkan 𝑓(𝑛) = ∑𝑛𝑗=1 = 1.1! + 2.2! + ⋯ + 𝑛. 𝑛! =. (𝑛 + 1)! − 1

n=1
𝑓(1) = ∑1𝑗=1 = 1.1! = 1.1 = 1

𝑓(1) = ∑𝑛𝑗=1 = (1 + 1)! − 1 = 2! − 1 = 1.2 − 1 = 2 − 1 = 1

Karena nilai 𝑓(1) = ∑1𝑗=1 =. (1 + 1)! − 1 = 1, maka nilai f(1) benar

Anggap benar untuk n = k

𝑓(𝑘) = ∑𝑘𝑗=1 = 1.1! + 2.2! + ⋯ + 𝑘. 𝑘! =. (𝑘 + 1)! − 1

Untuk n = k + 1 bernilai benar jika 𝑓(𝑘 + 1) = ∑𝑘+1

𝑗=1 = 1.1! + 2.2! + ⋯ + (𝑘 + 1). (𝑘 +
1)! =. ((𝑘 + 1) + 1)! − 1

𝑓(𝑘 + 1) = ∑𝑘+1
𝑗=1 = 1.1! + 2.2! + ⋯ + 𝑘. 𝑘! + (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 1)!

𝑓(𝑘 + 1) = ∑𝑘+1
𝑗=1 = (𝑘 + 1)! − 1 + (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 1)!

𝑓(𝑘 + 1) = ∑𝑘+1
𝑗=1 = ((𝑘 + 1) + 1)(𝑘 + 1)! − 1

𝑓(𝑘 + 1) = ∑𝑘+1
𝑗=1 = (𝑘 + (1 + 1))(𝑘 + 1)! − 1

𝑓(𝑘 + 1) = ∑𝑘+1
𝑗=1 = (𝑘 + 2)(𝑘 + 1)! − 1

𝑓(𝑘 + 1) = ∑𝑘+1
𝑗=1 = (𝑘 + 2)! − 1

𝑓(𝑘 + 1) = ∑𝑘+1
𝑗=1 = ((𝑘 + 1) + 1)! − 1

Karena 𝑓(𝑘 + 1) = ∑𝑘+1𝑗=1 = 1.1! + 2.2! + ⋯ + (𝑘 + 1). (𝑘 + 1)! =. ((𝑘 + 1) + 1)! − 1,

maka nilai 𝑓(𝑘 + 1) bernilai benar.
 1
2. Carilah nilai ∏𝑛𝑗=2 (1 − 𝑗2 ), dan buktikan!
1
Nilai ∏𝑛𝑗=2 (1 − 𝑗2 )

1 1 1 1 1
∏𝑛𝑗=2 (1 − 2 ) = (1 − 2 ) (1 − 2 ) (1 − 2 ) … (1 − 2 )
𝑗 2 3 4 𝑛

1 1 1 1 1
∏𝑛𝑗=2 (1 − 2 ) = (1 − ) (1 − ) (1 − ) … (1 − 2 )
𝑗 4 9 16 𝑛

1 3 8 15 1
∏𝑛𝑗=2 (1 − 2 ) = ( ) ( ) ( ) … (1 − )
𝑗 4 9 16 𝑛2

1 1 𝑛+1
∏𝑛𝑗=2 (1 − 2 ) = ( )
𝑗 2 𝑛

1 1 𝑛+1
Pembuktian ∏𝑛𝑗=2 (1 − 𝑗2 ) = 2 . dengan induksi matematika
𝑛

1 1 𝑛+1
Misal 𝑓(𝑛) = ∏𝑛𝑗=2 (1 − 𝑗2 ) = 2 . 𝑛

Untuk n = 2
1 1 3
𝑓(2) = ∏2𝑗=2 (1 − 𝑗2 ) = 1 − 4 = 4

1 1 2+1 1 3 3
𝑓(2) = ∏2𝑗=2 (1 − 𝑗2 ) = 2 . ( ) = 2.2 = 4
2

1 1 2+1 3
Karena nilai 𝑓(2) = ∏2𝑗=2 (1 − 22 ) = 2 . = 4, maka nilai f(2) benar
2

Anggap benar untuk n = k

1 1 1 1 1 1 𝑘+1
∏𝑘𝑗=2 (1 − 2 ) = (1 − ) (1 − ) (1 − ) … (1 − 2 ) = ( )
𝑗 4 9 16 𝑘 2 𝑘

Untuk n = k + 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
∏𝑘+1
𝑗=2 (1 − 𝑗 2 ) = (1 − 4) (1 − 9) (1 − 16) … (1 − 𝑘 2 ) (1 − (𝑘+1)2 )

1 1 𝑘+1 1
∏𝑘+1
𝑗=2 (1 − 𝑗 2 ) = 2 ( ) (1 − (𝑘+1)2 )
𝑘

1 1 𝑘+1 (𝑘+1)2 1
∏𝑘+1
𝑗=2 (1 − 𝑗 2 ) = 2 ( ) ((𝑘+1)2 − (𝑘+1)2 )
𝑘

1 1 𝑘+1 (𝑘+1)2 −1
∏𝑘+1
𝑗=2 (1 − 𝑗 2 ) = 2 ( )( )
𝑘 (𝑘+1)2

1 1 𝑘+1 𝑘 2 +2𝑘+1−1
∏𝑘+1
𝑗=2 (1 − 𝑗 2 ) = 2 ( )( )
𝑘 (𝑘+1)2

1 1 𝑘+1 𝑘 2 +2𝑘
∏𝑘+1
𝑗=2 (1 − 𝑗 2 ) = 2 ( ) ((𝑘+1)2 )
𝑘
 1 1 𝑘+1 𝑘(𝑘+2)
∏𝑘+1
𝑗=2 (1 − 𝑗 2 ) = 2 ( ) ( (𝑘+1)2 )
𝑘

1 1 𝑘+2
∏𝑘+1
𝑗=2 (1 − 𝑗 2 ) = 2 (𝑘+1)

1 1 (𝑘+1)+1
∏𝑘+1
𝑗=2 (1 − 𝑗 2 ) = 2 ( )
𝑘+1

1 1 1 1 1
Karena 𝑓(𝑘 + 1) = ∏𝑘+1
𝑗=2 (1 − 𝑗 2 ) = (1 − 4) (1 − 9) (1 − 16) … (1 − (𝑘+1)2 ) =
1 (𝑘+1)+1
( ), maka nilai 𝑓(𝑘 + 1) bernilai benar.
2 𝑘+1

3. Nilai Floor function dan ceiling function dari :

a. 𝜋
𝜋 = 3,14
⌊𝜋⌋ = 3 , ⌈𝜋⌉ = 4
5
b. − 2
5
− 2 = −2,05
⌊−2,05⌋ = −3 , ⌈−2,05⌉ = −2

c. 2
⌊2⌋ = 2 , ⌈2⌉ = 2

4. Tambahkan dan kurangkan (9A0B)16 dengan (384E)16

(9AOB)16
(384E)16 +
(D259)16

(9AOB)16
(384E)16 -
(61BD)16

5. Pada binomial (3m+5)n, koefisien n2 = 3.koefisien m. Tentukan m.

koefisien m2 = 3.koefisien m
𝑛 𝑛
( ) 32 . 5𝑛−2 = 3. ( ) 3. 5𝑛−1
𝑛−2 𝑛−1
𝑛! 𝑛!
. 32 . 5𝑛−2 = 3. 3. 5𝑛−1
(𝑛 − (𝑛 − 2))! (𝑛 − 2)! (𝑛 − (𝑛 − 1))! (𝑛 − 1)!
𝑛! 𝑛!
. 32 . 5𝑛−2 = 3. 3. 5𝑛−1
2! (𝑛 − 2)! 1! (𝑛 − 1)!
 1 1 𝑛! 1
. = 3. .
2! (𝑛 − 2)! 25 1! (𝑛 − 1)! 5
1 1 1
. =
2 5 𝑛−1
1 1
=
10 𝑛 − 1
10 = 𝑛 − 1
𝑛 = 11
Jadi nilai n = 11