SRHBNANGÏD NRBPZD
SRHBNANGÏD NRBPZD X
ODLHSPADBHÒL
 

@lt`lmh`lmn @a Dbtn M` Ad Odlhpuadbhòl, R`ôda`s

Bnoul`s M` Tu` @stäs Rh`lmn Hliau`lbhdmn, Bnls`ens,
@strdt`ghds Sdrd Srnt`g`rt` M` R`r Bnltrnadmn X Ad
Sshbnangïd Nsburd
 
 

© Bnpyrhgkt :3:3 ]nmns ans m`r`bkns r`s`rvdmns

@a nje`thvn m` `st` hlinro` `s prnpnrbhnldr mdtns pr`bhsns y sòahmns snjr` `a
pultn y `a t`od ds`gurdmn. Ad prnmubbhòl s` v`lm` bnl ad pnshjhahmdm m` qu`
`a mhstrhjuhmnr ln `stè njahgdmn d r`lmhr bu`ltds, inrodao`lt` p`rohthmds, n
dagn oäs, d dmohlhstrdbhnl`s budahihbdmds. @l bdsn m` qu` ad `xknrtdbhòl s`d
hopnrtdlt`,
aadodmd. a`gda n bnop`t`lt`, s` m`j` p`mhr d ul hlmhvhmun `lsdydmn `l ad
Ad M`badrdbhòl m` Srhlbhphns, qu` tdojhèl iu` r`bnlnbhmd y r`spdamdmd pnr `a
Bnohtè m` ad Dsnbhdbhòl Do`rhbdld m` Djngdmns y `a Bnohtè m` @mhtnr`s y
Dsnbhdbhnl`s.
Ln `s aïbhtn r`prnmubhr, bnphdr n trdlsohthr lhlguld pdrt` m` `st` hlinro` lh
pnr o`mhns `a`btròlhbns lh `l `a grupn hopr`sn. R` prnkïj` buhmdmnsdo`lt`
ad grdjdbhòl m` `std mhstrhjubhòl, y ln s` p`roht` lhlguld bdpdbhmdm m` `st`
hlinro`, `xb`ptn sh s` kdb` bnl ad dutnrhzdbhòl bnopu`std m`a mhstrhjuhmnr.
]nmns ans m`r`bkns r`s`rvdmns.
Ans mdtns qu` s` mdl `l `st` hlinro` s` `xpr`sdl, pdrd s`r knl`stns y
pr`m`bhja`s, `l qu` budaquh`r rh`sgn, `l an qu` r`sp`btd d ad mhstrdbbhòl n d
ntrd bnsd, pnr budaquh`r uthahzdbhòl n odatrdtn m` budaquh`r `linqu`,
prnb`mhoh`ltn n nrh`ltdbhòl bnlt`lhmns `l `a ohson `s ad njahgdbhòl shlguadr
y drthbuadmd m`a j`l`ihbhdrhn. @l lhlgõl bdsn s` pnmrä hoputdr da mhstrhjuhmnr
lhlguld njahgdbhòl n idatd a`gda pnr budaquh`r r`pdrdbhòl, mdôn n m`sgrdbhd
r`adbhnldmd bnl `a mhl`rn d bdusd m` ans mdtns qu` ihgurdl `l `a pr`s`lt`, yd
s`d mhr`btdo`lt` n pnr hopahbdbhòl.
Ans br`dmnr`s pdrthbuadr`s r`badodl tnmns ans m`r`bkns m` dutnr qu` ln snl
prnph`mdm m`a mhstrhjuhmnr.
Ans mdtns `l `stn s` nir`b`l bnl ihl`s `mubdthvns `xbaushvdo`lt` y snl tnmn
hlbauhmn bnon tda. Ad hltrnmubbhòl m` ans mdtns s` kdb` shl bnltrdtn n
budaquh`r thpn m` bnlihrodbhòl m` gdrdltïd.
Ads odrbds bno`rbhda`s qu` s` uthahzdl ln th`l`l lhlgõl thpn m`
bnls`lthoh`ltn, y ad mhstrhjubhòl m` ad odrbd bno`rbhda s` r`dahzd shl `a
bnls`lthoh`ltn n `a dpnyn m`a prnph`tdrhn m` ad odrbd bno`rbhda. ]nmds ads
odrbds r`ghstrdmds y odrbds m`ltrn m` `st` ahjrn snl pdrd ihl`s `xpahbdthvns y
shopa`o`lt` snl pns`ïmds pnr ans prnph`tdrhns, ln `stäl dsnbhdmds bnl `st`
r`ghstrn.
 

 
 

Hltrnmubbhòl
Hltrnmubbhòl
Bdpïtuan
Bdpïtuan 45 ¾Buäa `s `a dbtn m` odlhpua
odlhpuadbhòl>
dbhòl>
Bdpïtuan :5 ¾Bòon r`bnlnb
r`bnlnb`r`r ad odlhpu
odlhpuadbhò
adbhòl>
l>
Bdpïtuan 25 ]hp
]hpns
ns m` odlhpu
odlhpuadb
adbhòl
hòl
Bdpïtuan
Bdpïtuan =5 ¾Snr què snons vual`rdja
vual`rdja`s`s d ad odlhpuadbhòl>
odlhpuadbhòl>
Bdpïtuan 05 ¾Buäa`
¾Buäa`ss snl ans `i`btns
`i`btns m`m` ad odlhpuadbh
odlhpuadbhòòl `l ad sdaum o`ltda>
Bdpïtuan 95 ¾Buäa`
¾Buäa`ss snl ans shglns qu`qu` ou`strdl
ou`strdl qu`
qu` `stäs sh`lmn odlhpuadmn
pshbnaòghbd
pshbnaògh bd y `onbhnldao`lt`>
Bdpïtuan
Bdpïtuan 75 ¾Bòon trdtdr
trdtdr bnl ad g`lt` qu` `s odlhpua
odlhpuadmnrd
dmnrd pnr ldturda`zd>
ldturda`zd>
Bdpïtuan ;5 @a a`lgude`
a`lgude` bnrpnrda
bnrpnrda bnon shgln
shgln m` odlhpuadbhò
odlhpuadbhòl.l.
Bdpïtuan 85 ]èb
]èblhb
lhbds
ds m` odlhpuad
odlhpuadbhòbhòll
Bdpïtuan 435   ¾Tuè `s ad Sshbnangïd Nsburd>

Bdpïtuan
Bdpïtuan 445
 
4:5   ¾Buäa`s
¾Tuè tdlsnl ans `i`btns
vual`rdj
vual`rdja`s m` addpshbnangïd
a`s snons nsburd>
ad pshbnangïd nsburd>
Bdpïtuan 425   Sshbnangïd Nsburd
Bdpïtuan 4=5   R`ôda`s bnoul`s m` qu` `stäs sh`lmn odlhpuadmn
odlhpuadmn
Bdpïtuan 405   Bnopr`lshòl m`a dbtn m` bnltrna o`ltda
Bdpïtuan 495   ¾Buäa`s snl ads tèblhbds uthahzdmds pdrd
uthahzdmds pdrd `a bnltrna o`ltda>
Bdpïtuan 475   Bnltrna o`ltda d trdvès m`a `lgdôn
Bdpïtuan 4;5   Bnltrna o`ltda d trdvès m`
m` ad khplnshs
Bdpïtuan 485   Bnltrna o`ltda d trdvès m` ad p`rsudshòl
Bdpïtuan :35   Ldrbhshson
Bdpïtuan :45   Zdsgns m`a Ldrbhshson
Bdpïtuan ::5   ¾Bòon odl`edr d ul ldrbhshstd>
Bdpïtuan :25   ¾Tuè `s `a djusn ldrbhshstd>
Bdpïtuan :=5   Rïlmrno` m` djusn m` ldrbhshstds
Bdpïtuan :05   Ad ldturda`zd y ans `i`btns m`a djusn ldrbhshstd
Bdpïtuan :95   Ldrbhshson odahgln y snbhnpdtïd
Bdpïtuan
Bdpïtuan :75 Bnls`ens
Bnls`e ns y `strdt
`strdt`ghds
`ghds pdrd prnt`g`
prnt`g`rs`
rs` m` ad
odlhpuadbhòl y ad pshbnangïd nsburd
 

Bnlbaushòl
 
 

Hltrnmubbhòl
Tuhzäs ph`ls`s qu` lulbd t` kds `lbnltrdmn bnl tèblhbds pshbnaòghbds
nsburds, p`rn t` snrpr`lm`rïd `lbnltrdr, n quhzäs sh`opr` kds snsp`bkdmn, qu`
`l lu`strd vhmd mhdrhd lnroda, bnlnb`ons p`rsnlds `l lu`strds `xp`rh`lbhds
p`rsnlda`s y prni`shnlda`s qu` uthahzdl tèblhbds pshbnaòghbds nsburds pdrd
odlhpuadr, bnltrnadr, p`rsudmhr n bndbbhnldr d ntrns. Su`m` qu` lnsntrns
ohsons kdydons uthahzdmn dagulds m` `stds tèblhbds, m` inrod hlt`lbhnldmd n
hlbnlsbh`lt`. Dagulns m` `stns prnb`mhoh`ltns s` hopadltdl murdlt` lu`strns
dôns m` inrodbhòl, oh`ltrds qu` ntrns s` dpr`lm`l oäs tdrm` `l ad vhmd.
Dagulns oètnmns pshbnaòghbns s` uthahzdl hlbausn `l ad inrodbhòl pdrd
m`t`rohldmds prni`shnl`s6 ad bdpdbhmdm m` uld p`rsnld pdrd mnohldr `stds
tèblhbds dyumd d mhbtdr su trdy`btnrhd prni`shnlda y `a grdmn m` èxhtn `l su
vhmd prni`shnlda. @l ad dbtudahmdm, ln sòan s` prdbthbd ad pshbnangïd nsburd,
shln qu` ad t`blnangïd qu` uthahzdons bdmd mïd kd shmn prngrdodmd pdrd
uthahzdr `stds tèblhbds `l lnsntrns, usudrhns m`spr`v`lhmns.
Ln `s rdrn qu` ans s`r`s kuodlns hlt`lt`l hliau`lbhdr d ntrns kdbh`lmn usn m`
tèblhbds pshbnaòghbds bnon ad odlhpuadbhòl, ad bndbbhòl, ad p`rsudshòl, `a
`lgdôn, ad khplnshs, ans eu`gns o`ltda`s y `a advdmn m` b`r`jrn.
Ad pshbnangïd `s `a `stumhn m` ans prnb`sns o`ltda`s m` ans kuodlns. Jusbd
hlv`sthgdr `a prnb`sn m` p`lsdoh`ltn m` ans kuodlns ohrdlmn brïthbdo`lt` ad
rdzòl pnr ad qu` ad g`lt` kdb` an qu` kdb` y ad inrod `l qu` an kdb`.
Budlmn s` trdtd m` ad pshbnangïd nsburd, `a inbn `stä `l ad bnlmhbhòl kuodld
`l r`adbhòl bnl ad ldturda`zd m` ad pshqu` m` ans s`r`s kuodlns, qu` ans
hopuasd d bdzdr d ntrds p`rsnlds bnl `a ihl m` hliauhr `l `aans. @stn `s
hopuasdmn pnr t`lm`lbhds brhohlda`s n m`svhdmds qu` bdr`b`l m` prnpòshtn,
dsï bnon mhi`r`lt`s supu`stns g`l`rda`s tdltn m` ad bh`lbhd snbhda bnon m` ans
hopuasns hlsthlthvns.
]nmns ans oh`ojrns m` ad kuodlhmdm th`l`l ad t`lm`lbhd d vhbthohzdr d ntrds
p`rsnlds, dsï bnon d tnmds ads brhdturds vhvh`lt`s m` ad ]h`rrd. Sdrd dagulds
p`rsnlds, `stds t`lm`lbhds snl r`strhlghmds y oïlhods, oh`ltrds qu` ntrds
bd`l iäbhao`lt` `l `a hlsthltn y dbtõdl snjr` `stns hopuasns.
jdlbn m` hlt`lbhnl`s odaèvnads mhrhghmds kdbhd ntrds p`rsnlds y `stds
hlt`lbhnl`s vdl m`sm` p`lsdoh`ltns ono`ltäl`ns d ad oïlhod ona`sthd kdstd
purns p`rsnlde`s pshbòpdtds m`svhdmns qu` bdr`b`l m` budaquh`r inrod m`
 

rdbhnldahmdm bnk`shvd. @stn s` m`sbrhj` bnl ul tèrohln bnlnbhmn bnon `a

Bnlthlun Nsburn.
]dojhèl `xhst` ntrn tèrohln bnlnbhmn bnon `a Idbtnr Nsburn, qu` s` r`ih`r`
d ans idbtnr`s dt`ludlt`s qu` dbtõdl bnon db`a`rdlt`s n idbtnr`s m` dtrdbbhòl
pdrd tnmd inrod m` dprnxhodbhòl d ad Rhlguadrhmdm Nsburd, qu` hlmhbd `a
pultn `l `a qu` ads dbbhnl`s dtrnb`s m` uld p`rsnld bd`l `l `a rdmdr m`a
Bnlthlun Nsburn.
Budlmn p`lsdons `l `a bnopnrtdoh`ltn kuodln y `l dagulds m` ads bnsds
qu` kdy qu` kdb`r pdrd a``r `stns bnopnrtdoh`ltns, `s vhtda `bkdr ul vhstdzn
da `a`o`ltn dlhoda qu` s` `lbu`ltrd `l su hlt`rhnr.
Dulqu` `stn `s dagn qu` oubkd g`lt` vd d navhmdr, ans kuodlns snl m` ans
ohsons odt`rhda`s qu` ans ärjna`s, ans dlhoda`s, ans p`b`s y tnmn an m`oäs `l
`a oulmn. ]nmns v`lhons m` ad ohsod iu`lt` da ohson th`opn. Grdl pdrt` m`
lu`strn bnopnrtdoh`ltn s` vd d dtrhjuhr d lu`strd `vnaubhòl. D o`mhmd qu`
bdojhdons bnl ans
lnrods buaturda`s dôns,
pdrd `op`zdons d m`sdrrnaadr
`a bnopnrtdoh`ltn qu` vdonsand onstrdr
qu` s` bnlnb` bnon
d ans m`oäs.
Bnl `a th`opn, k`ons t`lhmn qu` m`sdrrnaadr shst`ods m` bnopnrtdoh`ltn y
pdtrnl`s `sp`bïihbns pdrd dyumdrlns d snjr`vhvhr. @stn shglhihbd qu` da
prhlbhphn, m`jïdons s`r bdpdb`s m` bdzdr y r`bna`btdr. X au`gn, tuvhons qu`
inrodr shst`ods pdrd ad dgrhbuaturd, eultn bnl ntrns shst`ods m` daho`ltns.
@stn bnlthluò br`bh`lmn kdstd `a shst`od qu` t`l`ons kny `l mïd. Da hguda
qu` bnl ans m`oäs dlhoda`s, vdons d dmnptdr mhi`r`lt`s bnopnrtdoh`ltns,
ans qu` s` uthahzdl pdrd prnt`g`rlns, pdrd bno`r, pdrd mnrohr, pdrd hlt`rdbtudr
bnl ans m`oäs, y oubkn oäs.
@stn `s dagn qu` m`j`ons t`l`r `l bu`ltd budlmn dpr`lm`ons oäs snjr` `a
bnopnrtdoh`ltn m` ans kuodlns. Ln jdstd bnl bnlshm`rdr `a `stdmn
bnlsbh`lt` m` ad p`rsnld budlmn quh`r`s `lt`lm`r ads rdznl`s pnr ads qu` kdb`
ads bnsds. ]dojhèl t`l`ons qu` r`bnrmdr `a s`lthmn dlhoda, ad pdrt` qu` lns
dyumd d snjr`vhvhr, tdojhèl. ]`l`ons qu` r`bnrmdr qu` `std pdrt` dlhoda lns
vd d bnlmubhr kdbhd dbbhnl`s `sp`bïihbds, `sp`bhdao`lt` budlmn bnsds bnon
ad dutnprnt`bbhòl, `a padb`r, ad bnohmd, `a r`iughn, ` hlbausn `a s`xn hopuasdl
ads r`dbbhnl`s. M` dquï `s m` mnlm` prnvh`l`l tnmns lu`strns hopuasns
jäshbns, tdojhèl sh nburr`l m` inrod sujbnlsbh`lt`.
Ad prho`rd är`d, ad oäs dbb`shja`, `s ad m` ad bnlbh`lbhd. @std pdrt` s`rä ad
oäs dbb`shja` eultn bnl ads bnsds qu` bnlnb`ons y lu`strns p`lsdoh`ltns
 

dbtuda`s, p`rn tdojhèl s`rä bnlnbhmd bnon ad oäs p`qu`ôd m` ads tr`s pdrt`s
m` lu`strd pshqu`.
@ltnlb`s, pdsdons d ad s`gulmd pdrt` m` lu`strd pshqu`, y `stn s`rïd `a
sujbnlsbh`lt`. @std vd d s`r ul är`d qu` `stä oäs r`prhohmd budlmn s`
bnopdrd bnl ad prho`rd pdrt`, p`rn dõl pnm`ons dbb`m`r d `aad,
`sp`bhdao`lt` budlmn `s ad oäs l`b`shtdmd.
Au`gn, t`l`ons ad t`rb`rd pdrt`. @std pdrt` pu`m` s`r aadodmd `a hm n `a
hlbnlsbh`lt`. Dquï `s mnlm` tnmns `sns hopuasns m` thpn dlhoda vdl d `ltrdr.
@stns lns dyumdl d snjr`vhvhr y d sdthsidb`r lu`strds l`b`shmdm`s oäs jäshbds
bnl r`guadrhmdm. @a hm ln vd d s`r dagn qu` pnmdons bnltrnadr, n `l an qu`
t`lgdons qu` b`ltrdrlns oubkn. S`rn tnmdvïd pu`m` hopuasdr oubkds m`
lu`strds dbbhnl`s r`guadr`s.
@stn lns mhrä oubkn snjr` `a bnopnrtdoh`ltn qu` pnm`ons njs`rvdr `l
dqu`aans qu` lns rnm`dl. Kdjrä oubkns idbtnr`s sujydb`lt`s prniulmns qu`
vh`l`l bnl lu`strds r`spu`stds, y pu`m` s`r ul m`sdiïn m`t`rohldr ad bdusd m`
`sds dbbhnl`s. ]dojhèl pu`m`s dmhvhldr què `stä bdusdlmn ads njrds, `
hlbausn kdy dagulns `xp`rho`ltns qu` pu`m`s usdr pdrd s`ôdadr an qu` `stä
bdusdlmn `stds dbbhnl`s.
Pln m` ans prnpnl`lt`s qu` qu`rïd usdr ad bh`lbhd pdrd dyumdrlns d `lt`lm`r
`a bnopnrtdoh`ltn kuodln qu` pdr`bïd mhiïbha m` s`guhr `l `a pdsdmn `s J.I.
Rfhll`r. Rfhll`r iu` uln m` ans pshbòangns oäs hliauy`lt`s m`a shgan [[. Iu`
`a qu` m`sdrrnaaò ads hm`ds m`a bnlmubthson eultn bnl ad `sbu`ad m` pshbnangïd
qu` s` vd d b`ltrdr oäs `l `a bnopnrtdoh`ltn o`mhja` y njs`rvdja`.
@l prho`r augdr, `a bnlmubthson vd d s`r uld m` ads `sbu`ads m` pshbnangïd,
uld qu` s`
o`mhja`s qu`b`ltrdrä
pnm`ons `l `xpanrdr
ad bh`lbhd y kdrä
snjr` khlbdphè `l sòanBudlmn
`a bnopnrtdoh`ltn. ohrdr ans mdtns
s` uthahzd
`std `sbu`ad m` p`lsdoh`ltn, kdy qu` trdtdr m` b`ltrdrs` `l ln m`edr qu` ans
uhbhns budahtdthvns s` hlt`rpnlgdl `l `a bdohln m` ad bh`lbhd qu` vh`l` dquï.
D an adrgn m` ans dôns, kd m`onstrdmn s`r uld m` ads `sbu`ads m` p`lsdoh`ltn
oäs hliauy`lt`s `l tnmd ad khstnrhd m` ad bh`lbhd.
An qu` `stds `sbu`ads m` p`lsdoh`ltn vdl d kdb`r `s trdtdr m` mdr dagõl
s`lthmn d lu`strd khstnrhd `vnauthvd bnon `sp`bh`. @stn shglhihbd qu` vdons d
`bkdr ul vhstdzn d pnr què snons bnon snons. R`guhr ul `linqu` `vnauthvn
vd d s`r vhtda pnrqu` lns p`roht` v`r dagulns m` ans o`enr`s ohst`rhns m`
bòon iulbhnld ad o`lt` kuodld. @l ul s`lthmn `vnauthvn, vdons d s`r
 

bnlmubhmns d ad dutnprnt`bbhòl, d ad l`b`shmdm m` daho`ltn y r`iughn, y dsï

sub`shvdo`lt`. @stn d o`lumn vd d s`r uld pdrt` hlbnlsbh`lt` m` lu`strds
vhmds dknrd, p`rn dõl dsï `s uld ju`ld hm`d `xpanrdr `stn ul pnbn y `lt`lm`r
bòon dagulns m` `stns hlsthltns jäshbns vdl d `ltrdr `l eu`gn.
SLA shglhihbd prngrdodbhòl l`urnahlgñïsthbd. @s ul bnlb`ptn qu` kd `xhsthmn
m`sm`
oäs n kdb` jdstdlt`
o`lns, m`jhmnth`opn
d qu`yul
qu`grdl
kd gdldmn
lõo`rnprnohl`lbhd
m` p`rsnlds`lan adkdl
õathod mèbdmdy
dmnptdmn
uthahzdmn `l su j`l`ihbhn. @a prhlbhpda nje`thvn m` ad SLA `s dyumdr d uld
p`rsnld d `xpantdr tnmn su pnm`r b`r`jrda. @s `opuedrans da jnrm` m` ad
`xb`a`lbhd y kdb`r bnsds qu` ln `rdl bnlsbh`lt`s m` s`r bdpdb`s.
Zhbkdrm Jrdlma`r y Enkl Grhlm`r m`sbrhjh`rnl pnr prho`rd v`z ad SLA `l
4873. @a prho`rn `rd ul dutnr m` dutndyumd y `a s`gulmn, ul `xp`rtn `l
ahlgñïsthbd y eultns trdjdedrnl `l bnlb`ptns pr`vhns qu` iu`rnl `xpu`stns pnr
`xp`rtns `l `a bdopn m` ad l`urnangïd y ad ahlgñïsthbd.
Khbh`rnl oubkn khlbdphè `l qu` ans s`r`s kuodlns usdrdl dojns admns m`
sus b`r`jrns y qu` ulh`rdl ads o`lt`s bnlsbh`lt`s y sujbnlsbh`lt`s. Bnon
sdj`l, tnmns t`l`ons uld bu`ltd dbthvd qu` `stä bnlsbh`lt`o`lt` m`sph`rtd y
lns dyumd d p`lsdr y uld o`lt` hlbnlsbh`lt` n sujbnlsbh`lt` qu` `stä
mnrohmd.
M`sm` `ltnlb`s, `a bnlb`ptn br`bhò d pdsns dghgdltdmns. Oäs y oäs ahlgñhstds
y l`uròangns bno`lzdrnl d hlv`sthgdran y pr`s`ltdrnl sus pultns m` vhstd
p`rsnlda`s. Dulqu` s` kdl k`bkn oubkns prngr`sns, ad SLA tnmdvïd ln s`
r`bnlnb` bnon ul bnlb`ptn bh`ltïihbn dutèlthbn. Kdy qu` trdjdedr oubkn oäs
`l `aan pdrd qu` ad bnoulhmdm bh`ltïihbd an db`pt` bnl ans jrdzns djh`rtns. Rhl

`ojdrgn,
kdy vdrhnspdrd ans qu` mhspnlhja`s
t`sthonlhns kdl uthahzdmn
`l ad Hlt`rl`t
SLA, ansqu`
r`suatdmns
kdjadl m`snl
ans`vhm`lt`s y
usns r`da`s
m`a bnlb`ptn.
D p`sdr m` `stdr hldbthvn, `stdrä bnlthludo`lt` p`lsdlmn bnsds y
daodb`lälmnads d adrgn padzn. Rh uld p`rsnld dprnv`bkd bnl èxhtn `std
o`ltdahmdm, `ltnlb`s pu`m` sdbdr `a oäxhon prnv`bkn m` su bdpdbhmdm
b`r`jrda.
Pld budahmdm m` ad SLA `s qu` dyumd d `xtrd`r m`a p`lsdoh`ltn dbtuda m` ad
p`rsnld y a` `ls`ôd d sdbdra` `a oäxhon prnv`bkn. ]nmns ans s`r`s kuodlns
t`lmräl ul grdl pnt`lbhda o`ltda qu` ln pnmräl dprnv`bkdr da oäxhon. S`rn
bnl `a usn m` ad SLA, ln sòan s`rä iäbha m` dprnv`bkdr ad o`ltdahmdm
 

sujbnlsbh`lt`, shln tdojhèl p`lsdr iu`rd m` ad bded.

@s uld t`nrïd qu` t` `ls`ôd d r`mubhr ans `rrnr`s qu` `xhst`l `l tu vhmd y d
prnonv`r ans m`r`bkns. @stn ds`gurdrä qu` kdgds an bnrr`btn pnr th ohson y
qu` t`lgds ad npnrtulhmdm m` bnlb`ltrdrt` `l ads bnsds qu` snl hopnrtdlt`s.
Su`m`s p`lsdr `l ad SLA bnon ul odrbn qu` s` t` prnv`` pdrd jdsdr ans
prhlbhphns m` tu pnm`r o`ltda. ]` dyumdrä d s`lthrt` oäs trdlspdr`lt` y m` uld
o`enr odl`rd. .
Dknrd `s `stälmdr qu` ad g`lt` dsuod qu` ad SLA sòan `lbnltrdrä su
dpahbdbhòl `l `a bdopn m` trdjden mdmd su m`sbrhpbhòl m` dyumdr d ad g`lt` d
duo`ltdr su pnm`r b`r`jrda. S`rn `sn ln `s bh`rtn. Ad SLA `s dpahbdja` `l
tnmns ans äojhtns m` ad vhmd, hlbauy`lmn `a p`rsnlda y `a snbhda. Su`m`s kdb`r
usn m` ad SLA pdrd hlbr`o`ltdr tus kdjhahmdm`s m` bnoulhbdbhòl, dabdlzdr
oäs prni`shnldao`lt`, `tb. ]nmn `stn t` p`rohthrä kdb`r oäs `l ad vhmd y
angrdr tus o`tds.

S`rn `a `linqu`
ul usn bnopa`tnprhlbhpda
m` tu m` ad SLADsï
b`r`jrn. `s dyumdrt` d dgumhzdr
qu`, m`sm` puahr adtuo`onrhd
o`lt` y kdb`r
kdstd
r`bnrmdr räphmdo`lt` dagn, ad SLA a` dyumdrä d kdb`r uld grdl bdlthmdm m`
bnsds bnl ad ohsod idbhahmdm. M` k`bkn, ad SLA `s uld k`rrdoh`ltd qu`
oubkns pshbòangns uthahzdl pdrd sup`rdr bh`rtds bnlmhbhnl`s o`ltda`s bnon ad
dlsh`mdm y ad m`o`lbhd.
Ans usns m` ad SLA snl mhiïbha`s m` o`mhr, m`jhmn d qu` ads hlv`sthgdbhnl`s
kdl m`onstrdmn bòon pu`m` hr oäs daaä m`a hopdbtn o`ltda y tdojhèl th`l`
vdrhns j`l`ihbhns iïshbns. R` kd vhstn qu` ad SLA d dyumdmn d bh`rtds p`rsnlds
d bnojdthr mna`lbhds iïshbds dsï bnon d t`l`r ul grdl bnltrna snjr` su o`lt`.
Aht`rdao`lt` pu`m`l
bu`rpn r`spnlm` d adsp`mhra` d sus
aadodmds bu`rpns
m` ad o`lt`.qu` s` bur`l oäs räphmn, yd qu` `a
 

dpt`r 45  ¾Buäa `s `a dbtn m` odlhpuadbhòl>

@a õlhbn ono`ltn `l qu` ad odlhpuadbhòl s` bnlshm`rd dusphbhnsd `s budlmn
a` p`roht`s bnltrnadr tus `onbhnl`s y p`lsdoh`ltns. Snr an tdltn, m`j`s
`op`zdr d mhsthlguhr an qu` `stä pdsdlmn `l th qu` t` p`roht` s`r iäbhao`lt`

odlhpuadmn pnr ntrds

Ads tr`s rdznl`s oäsp`rsnlds.
jäshbds pnr ads qu` lns m`edons odlhpuadr snl ads
shguh`lt`s5
 

Oh`mn
@std `onbhòl vh`l` `l luo`rnsds `strubturds. Lnsntrns, bnon s`r`s
kuodlns, t`lm`ons d t`o`r p`rm`r uld r`adbhòl6 pnm`ons t`o`r ad
m`sdprnjdbhòl m` ntrds p`rsnlds6 t`o`ons kdb`r qu` daguh`l `stè m`sbnlt`ltn
bnl lu`strds dbbhnl`s. Dm`oäs t`o`ons ans p`ahgrns y r`suatdmns m` ads
dbthvhmdm`s m`a odlhpuadmnr. Hodghl`l ul `sb`ldrhn `l `a qu` pr`vda`b`l `l
kdb`r an qu` do`ldzdl.
 

Buapd
Kny `l mïd, `stdons lujadmns pnr ad hm`d y ad r`spnlsdjhahmdm m` qu`
m`j`ons prhnrhzdr m` odl`rd bnlihdja` ads l`b`shmdm`s y m`s`ns m` ntrds
p`rsnlds `l augdr m` ads lu`strds. @l ono`ltns `l qu` ad g`lt` kdjad m`a
m`r`bkn d sdthsidb`r sus l`b`shmdm`s y m`s`ns hlmhvhmuda`s, ans odlhpuadmnr`s
ir`bu`lt`o`lt` djusdl m` lnsntrns y s` `siu`rzdl pnr p`rohthrlns s`lthr qu`
`stdons angrdlmn dagn hlonrda `l `a bdsn m` qu` ln pnlgdons g`l`rdao`lt`
sus l`b`shmdm`s y m`s`ns pnr m`adlt` m` ans lu`strns. Dqu`aans hlmhvhmuns qu`
snl käjha`s `l `stds täbthbds odlhpuadmnrds t`lm`rïdl d m`ihlhr `a donr bnon
`a dbtn m` sdthsidb`r sus l`b`shmdm`s y m`s`ns bnon pdrt` m` su njahgdbhòl.
Snr an tdltn, `l `a bdsn m` qu` t`lgdons uld nphlhòl qu` vdyd `l bnltrd m`
sus br``lbhds, s` lns odlhpuad pdrd qu` p`ls`ons qu` ln t`l`ons bnrdzòl6
`l `st` pultn, lns kdrïdl s`lthr ouy drr`p`lthmns m` lu`strd `xhst`lbhd y
uthahzdrïdl ad buapd pdrd odl`edrlns.
Dpr`bhdons s`r ul prnv``mnr, sdthsidb`r d ans hlmhvhmuns y trdtdr bnl ads
l`b`shmdm`s m` ntrds p`rsnlds. M`sbujrhons ad sdthsidbbhòl. Dm`oäs, lu`strd
bnlihdlzd s` nrhghld r`guadro`lt` da kdb`r an qu` pnm`ons pnr ntrds
p`rsnlds. @l budaquh`r bdsn, `l ans ono`ltns `l qu` ln `xhst` ul
s`lthoh`ltn hl`quïvnbn m` `stds y eustds ahohtdbhnl`s, ans odlhpuadmnr`s
käjha`s pu`m`l m`t`btdr `stn `l ads p`rsnlds qu` snl jadlbns iäbha`s m` `st`
i`lòo`ln y uthahzdräl täbthbds hlmhvhmuda`s pdrd ino`ltdr sus prnphds
gdldlbhds `gnïstds.
K`ons aa`gdmn d ul pultn `l `a qu` `stdons dquï pdrd kdjadr m` ads
kdjhahmdm`s l`b`sdrhds pdrd sup`rdr ad odlhpuadbhòl. Dm`oäs, ad
odlhpuadbhòl sòan iulbhnldrïd sh p`roht`s qu` t` bnltrna`l. Mhsbuthr`ons
dagulds m` ads tèblhbds oäs brïthbds pdrd sup`rdr ad odlhpuadbhòl, qu` snl ads
shguh`lt`s5
@s l`b`sdrhn bnlnb`r tu hm`lthmdm, buäa`s snl tus l`b`shmdm`s y m`s`ns, buäa`s
snl tus `onbhnl`s, y d què a` th`l`s bdrhôn y d què ln a` th`l`s bdrhôn. M`j`s
dpr`lm`r d db`ptdrads y ln mhsbuapdrt`, yd qu` `stds snl ads bnsds qu` t`
kdb`l. D v`b`s, t`o`ons qu` `l `a bdsn m` kdjadr, ans m`oäs lns v`dl bnon
`gnïstds y lns aado`l pnr s`r `gnïstds. Rhl `ojdrgn, bnlnb`r tu hm`lthmdm n an
qu` l`b`shtds `l ad vhmd ln `s `l djsnautn ul dbtn m` `gnïson. @a
`gnb`ltrhson `xhg` qu` sh`opr` bnlshgds an qu` quh`r`s n qu` ntrns sh`opr`
pnlgdl tus l`b`shmdm`s y m`s`ns `l prho`r augdr. M` odl`rd shohadr, budlmn
ntrd p`rsnld t` aadod pnr ln s`guhr sus òrm`l`s n sdthsidb`r sus l`b`shmdm`s y
 

m`s`ns, snl `aans ans qu` `stäl sh`lmn `gnïstds, ln tõ.

Ad bdpdbhmdm m` m`bhr "ln" d p`sdr m` ad nje`bhòl m` daguh`l `s uld sòahmd
m`onstrdbhòl. Ans hlmhvhmuns qu` pu`m`l kdb`r `stn `stäl pr`s`lt`s `l ad
r`dahmdm. Snrqu` m` k`bkn, ln kdy odl`rd m` qu` pnmdons dbnonmdr tnmds
sus l`b`shmdm`s y m`s`ns. Budlmn `stn nburrd, s` s`lthräl m`sbnlb`rtdmns,
hlbausn m`b`pbhnldmns. Rhl `ojdrgn, t`lgd `l bu`ltd qu` an qu` sh`lt`l `s
pdrt` m` ad ldturda`zd kuodld. Ad odynrïd m` `stns hlmhvhmuns p`rmnldrïdl y
navhmdrïdl. Ans hlmhvhmuns s`lsdtns s` mdl bu`ltd m` qu` bnls`guhr an qu`
quh`r`l tnmn `a th`opn ln `s pnshja`, hlbausn budlmn ans m`s`ns snl g`luhlns.
@l budaquh`r bdsn, budlmn ln pnm`ons snpnrtdr `a `rrnr n ad nje`bhòl m` ntrd
p`rsnld, t`rohld sh`lmn mhiïbha m`bhr "ln". ]`rohld oäs mhahg`lt`o`lt` pdrd
lnsntrns m`badrdran n t`l`r aïoht`s. Ans odlhpuadmnr`s `xpantdl `std
m`ihbh`lbhd y uthahzdl ad hlsdthsidbbhòl y ad nje`bhòl `l `strubturds
`xtrdnrmhldrhds pdrd bnls`guhr qu` kdgdons an qu` `aans l`b`shtdl.
Snm`ons m`onstrdr bnopdshòl pnr ad aästhod, `a mnanr n hlbausn ad ona`sthd
m` ad g`lt` da dbnonmdrans shl l`b`shmdm m` mdr odrbkd dträs y r`v`rthr
lu`strd m`bhshòl. ]`lgdl `l bu`ltd qu` uld r`adbhòl `stdja` s` m`sbrhj` pnr
uld o`ltdahmdm bnoõl, uld g`luhlhmdm bnopdrthmd y uld bnlshm`rdbhòl
bnopdrthmd. @l `a bdsn m` qu` `stès hlvnaubrdmn bnl daguh`l qu` usd ad
odlhpuadbhòl y `a bnltrna odasdln m` odl`rd bnlshst`lt`, bnoh`lzd d v`r
p`qu`ôds prnp`lshnl`s qu` pu`m`l ln s`r badrds pdrd th da prhlbhphn. D
o`mhmd qu` `stès oäs drrdhgdmn, `stdräs o`enr pr`pdrdmn pdrd snpnrtdr bòon
`a hopdbtn l`gdthvn m`a ntrn hlmhvhmun `l th sòan t` `stä kdbh`lmn bd`r. Snr an
tdltn, `stn s` bnlvh`rt` `l ul m`sdrrnaan pnshthvn qu` t` ahj`rd m` sus gdrrds
odlhpuadmnrds. @stn `lg`lmrdrä uld `sp`bh` m` bnopa`ehmdm bnl ads p`rsnlds
`l tu vhmd. tus
tu th`opn, @s pnshja` qu` tus
`onbhnl`s, `a odlhpuadmnr
m`s`ns y tus`oph`b` d r`thrdrs`
l`b`shmdm`s, n qu`yshgd
d bnlshm`rdr
dm`adlt`
bnl ntrd p`rsnld qu` s`d ul jadlbn iäbha m` ads präbthbds m` odlhpuadbhòl.
]dl prnltn bnon t` kdyds mdmn bu`ltd m` bòon `a bnlnbhoh`ltn m` bh`rtds
v`rmdm`s snjr` th ohson pu`m` hauohldrt` pdrd qu` t` m`s bu`ltd m` ads
täbthbds m` odlhpuadbhòl m` ntrds p`rsnlds, `op`zdräs d mhvuagdr m`sm` an
qu` `s kdstd an qu` pu`m` kdb`r ul odlhpuadmnr. ]`lh`lmn `stn `l bu`ltd, sh
m`s`ds sup`rdr ad odlhpuadbhòl, m`j`s t`l`r buhmdmn bnl ads prhlbhpda`s
täbthbds uthahzdmds pnr ans odlhpuadmnr`s. Pld v`z qu` s` th`l` uld hm`d ihro`
m` an qu` s` quh`r` y m` an qu` ln s` quh`r`, s` pu`m` hr m` ir`lt` bnl ul
odlhpuadmnr ` hlbausn bnltrdrr`stdr dagulds m` sus tèblhbds oäs uthahzdmds.
 

Ln njstdlt`, sh`opr` kdy qu` t`l`r `l bu`ltd qu` tdl prnltn t` mds bu`ltd m`
qu` `stäs sh`lmn odlhpuadmn, `a odlhpuadmnr ph`rm`. @s o`rdo`lt` uld
bu`sthòl m` sh m`s`d n ln bdojhdr ads bnsds y bnlv`rthrs` ust`m ohson `l `a
odlhpuadmnr.
D o`lumn s` r`ih`r` d `stn bnon `a dbtn m` s`ôdadr ads i`bknrïds m` ntrd
p`rsnld. Da snpnrtdr uld `oj`sthmd y `xp`rho`ltdr mhihbuatdm`s pdrd
prnt`g`rs`, ans odlhpuadmnr`s th`lm`l d hlv`rthr ad shtudbhòl. Buapdl d su rhvda
m` bno`t`r ads ohsods bnsds pnr ads qu` s` a`s buapd. "¡M`badrds qu` ln t`
don! ¡Br`n qu` `r`s tõ quh`l ln o` quh`r`!"
Luo`rnsns hlmhvhmuns s` pr`gultdl pnr ans qu` `stäl `l `a pnm`r n ad
dutnrhmdm, n ans qu` th`l`l `stdtus. An qu` `s oäs hltrhgdlt` `s qu` kdy vdrhds
hoäg`l`s d ads qu` ans hlmhvhmuns `xp`rho`ltdl uld `xtrdnrmhldrhd
m`mhbdbhòl. Z`bu`rm`, ans qu` snl iäbhao`lt` odlhpuadja`s dmohrdl d ans qu`
`stäl `l `a pnm`r. Dm`oäs, ans qu` `stäl `l `a pnm`r snl bnlsbh`lt`s m` su
bdpdbhmdm m` bnltrnadr d ans m`oäs shl brhthbdrans. @l su augdr, uthahzdl
snihsthbdmds täbthbds `lgdônsds pdrd odlhnjrdr sus p`lsdoh`ltns y dat`rdr su
prnb`sn m` tnod m` m`bhshnl`s.
Ans odlhpuadmnr`s y `stdidmnr`s m` tda`ltn, dsï bnon ans pnaïthbns, d o`lumn
m`badrdl qu` yd kdl `xp`rho`ltdmn n s` kdl `lir`ltdmn d bh`rtds shtudbhnl`s
`l su vhmd, an qu` ans bnlvh`rt` `l daguh`l qu` `stä `l `a pnm`r, an qu` pu`m`
dsnbhdrs` bnl `a pultn dlt`rhnr. Ln njstdlt`, `std dp`adbhòl d ad `xp`rh`lbhd
a`s prnpnrbhnld uld hodg`l m` daguh`l qu` `s bdpdz6 `stn pu`m` uthahzdrs`
pdrd dtdbdr ad idatd m` bnlnbhoh`ltn m` su npnl`lt`, dulqu` `aans ohsons
t`lgdl `xp`rh`lbhds ahohtdmds. R` pu`m` hm`lthihbdr räphmdo`lt` `std täbthbd
m` odlhpuadbhòl `l ono`ltns `l qu` daguh`l `stä trdtdlmn m` mhstnrshnldr
sus bdpdbhmdm`s snjr` ul t`od `l pdrthbuadr.
Ad g`lt` th`l` oh`mns. Ans odlhpuadmnr`s shl `sbrõpuans s` mdl bu`ltd m` ad
r`dahmdm m` qu` ans hlmhvhmuns, `l g`l`rda, r`spnlm`räl brumdo`lt` budlmn s`
prnouagu` budaquh`rd m` `stns s`lthoh`ltns m` t`onr. Snst`rhnro`lt`, s`
mhb`l d sï ohsons qu` snl bdpdb`s m` ds`gurdr d ans hlmhvhmuns bnltrd `stns
p`ahgrns, hlbausn budlmn ln snl bdpdb`s m` kdb`ran. @stn `s an ohson qu`
budlmn kdjadons m` mdr da nje`thvn ul vhstdzn m` bòon s` pu`m` angrdr `a
r`suatdmn oäs m`s`dmn, shl prnpnrbhnlärs`an. Ln njstdlt`, kdy pnaïthbns y
a`ghsadmnr`s qu` uthahzdl ir`bu`lt`o`lt` `std o`tnmnangïd pdrd ds`gurdrs` m`
qu` ans hlmhvhmuns s` dahl`dl m`träs m` ans `xp`rtns dmohlhstrdthvns y kdb`l
an qu` ad a`ghsadturd, `s m`bhr, an qu` l`b`shtdl ans iulbhnldrhns m`a gnjh`rln.
 

Ans odlhpuadmnr`s pu`m`l r`pr`s`ltdrs` d sï ohsons y su bhrbulstdlbhd da

põjahbn m` odl`rd qu` s` sh`ltdl irustrdmns pnr su shtudbhòl dbtuda.
Ad uthahzdbhòl m` `std `strdtdg`od idbuatd da odlhpuadmnr pdrd nbupdr ad
bnlshm`rdbhòl m` dqu`aans hlmhvhmuns qu` pu`m`l `stdr pdsdlmn pnr an ohson.
Ln njstdlt`, dp`adr d ad shopdtïd `s uld täbthbd qu` ad odynrïd m` ans pnaïthbns
uthahzdl pdrd r`mhrhghr ad dt`lbhòl m`a põjahbn d dsultns qu` ln di`btdl d su
m`sdpdrhbhòl.
Ans odlhpuadmnr`s y `ojdubdmnr`s sh`opr` `stäl dt`ltns d bòon s`
pr`s`ltdl bnon p`rsnlds qu` pns``l ads budahmdm`s y p`rsp`bthvds dm`budmds
`ltr` `a grupn m` `sp`btdmnr`s, `l pdrthbuadr, ads br``lbhds sdgrdmds m` ad
ouathtum. ]nmns th`l`l dagulds pdrbhdahmdm`s, y oubkd g`lt` sh`lt` m`spr`bhn
kdbhd uld p`rsnld n bnsd.
@std tèblhbd s` hm`lthihbd ihro`o`lt` bnl ans pultns m`a pdsdmn6 shl `ojdrgn,
kdb` khlbdphè `l an qu` pdr`b` kdj`r surghmn d trdvès m` ad pru`jd m`a th`opn.
Ans hlmhvhmuns snl r`guadro`lt` nprhohmns pnr ads trdmhbhnl`s snbhda`s y ads
lnrods m` su onmn m` vhmd, da hguda qu` ads bnlv`lbhnl`s snbhda`s. An qu` `s
bnlv`lbhnlda pdrd ad odynrïd th`lm` d dpdr`b`r bnon sh iu`rd ad m`bhshòl
bnrr`btd. Kdy qu` t`l`r `l bu`ltd qu` ans odlhpuadmnr`s hlih`r`l bòon
bnlshm`rdl sdgrdmds ads hm`nangïds y br``lbhds bnl ads qu` `a grupn m`
`sp`btdmnr`s `stä idohahdrhzdmn. @stns hlmhvhmuns sugh`r`l qu` su `l`ohgn
pr`t`lm` m`struhr ads bnstuojr`s, dsï bnon ads bnlv`lbhnl`s snbhda`s.
Dm`oäs, ln s` pr`nbupdl m` sh `stds bnlv`lbhnl`s mdôdl n ln d ans
hlmhvhmuns hlnb`lt`s. Kdb`l ad pr`s`lbhd m` s`r dutòlnons `l ads
p`rsp`bthvds m` ad ouathtum6 shl `ojdrgn, s`rïd tïphbdo`lt` an npu`stn. Kdy
uld bnopr`lshòl m` qu` ans hlmhvhmuns g`l`rdao`lt` m`sbnliïdl m` ans
hlmhvhmuns qu` `ltrdl `l bnliahbtn bnl ads lnrods snbhda`s `xhst`lt`s y ads
bnlv`lbhnl`s `stdja`bhmds. R` mdl bu`ltd an suihbh`lt` bnon pdrd odlt`l`rs`
da`edmns m` `aads. Bnon r`suatdmn, kdy uld `sp`bh` m` r`strhbbhòl `l ad inrod
`l qu` ads trdmhbhnl`s snbhda`s `stäl ulhmds shl qu`r`r y shl buhmdmn.
Pl v`rmdm`rn prnja`od nburr` budlmn lns v`ons njahgdmns d `a`ghr `ltr` mns
npbhnl`s hgudao`lt` hldm`budmds. Pl idasn mha`od s` prnmub` budlmn
`stdons bnlv`lbhmns m` qu` sòan t`l`ons mns m`bhshnl`s hgudao`lt`
hldmohshja`s, budlmn t`l`ons r`dao`lt` oõathpa`s r`suatdmns pnt`lbhda`s
dbb`shja`s pdrd lnsntrns. Sh`ls` `l `a bdsn d bnlthludbhòl d5 "N p`rm`ons ad
gu`rrd bnltrd `a t`rrnrhson, n m`j`ons r`lulbhdr d uld pdrt` m` lu`strds
ahj`rtdm`s y m`r`bkns trdmhbhnlda`s".
 

Ads p`rsnlds su`a`l `stdr mhspu`stds d r`bnlnb`r ul idasn mha`od, yd qu`

pnbds `stäl m` dbu`rmn bnl ads bnopa`eds bdahihbdbhnl`s. Ahophdr ans
djsnautns `s pdrt` m` sus täbthbds m` odlhpuadbhòl. @s l`b`sdrhn t`l`r
m`bhshnl`s badrds y iulmdo`ltda`s.
Ans odlhpuadmnr`s s` `sbnlm`l ir`bu`lt`o`lt` m`träs m` ads pdadjrds,
l`gälmns` d sno`t`rs` n d mdr r`spu`stds mhr`btds. @stn a`s p`roht` r`thrdrs`
`l ono`ltns m` l`b`shmdm. Budlmn s` a`s `lbu`ltrd navhmdlmn mdtns
hopnrtdlt`s pdrd ad shtudbhòl dbtuda, p`lsdrïdl `l daguld ntrd rdzòl pdrd ln
pnm`r njt`l`r mhbkd hlinrodbhòl. D ihl m` bu`ltds, budlmn s` a`s njahgd,
pu`m`l s`r bdpdb`s m` b`m`r6 shl `ojdrgn, pdrd s`r ul `xb`a`lt` odlhpuadmnr,
m`j`l r`l`gdr m` sus pdsns `l idasn, nbuatdr sus `rrnr`s y odlt`l`r an qu`
m`badrdl `l budaquh`r ono`ltn hodghldja`.
 

dpt`r :5  ¾Bòon r`bnlnb`r ad odlhpuadbhòl>

@a a`lgude` m` qu` bdmd hodg`l bu`ltd uld khstnrhd, `s ouy bnrr`btn. Ads
pdadjrds pu`m`l s`r oubkn oäs pnt`lt`s yd qu` lns hlsphrdl y lns dlhodl,
hlbausn kdstd `a pultn m` ad odlhpuadbhòl. ¾Buältds v`b`s kd shmn hlsphrdmn
pnr ul ju`l
pdadjrds nrdmnr,
tdojhèl buynbudlmn
hliauy`l mhsbursnlnsdtr`vhmn an pnr
p`rm`ons onthvd d ad dbbhòl>
bnopa`tn Ads
`l ul grdl
ahjrn. @a drt` m` ads pdadjrds pu`m` s`r tdl hliauy`lt` `l bndbbhnldrlns pdrd
br``r dagn, hlbausn budlmn lu`strns nens lns mhb`l an bnltrdrhn. Ad
bnoulhbdbhòl `s uld k`rrdoh`ltd pnm`rnsd, `sp`bhdao`lt` budlmn s` trdtd m`
kdb`r qu` ad g`lt` kdgd bnsds.
•  Ans dlulbhdlt`s y v`lm`mnr`s usdl `a a`lgude` pdrd bnlv`lb`r d sus
prnmubtns m` qu` snl an qu` jusbdons. Psdlmn pdadjrds, bnon5
Dbb`shja`, iäbha m` usdr, s`gurn, dgrdmdja`, dknrrn m` th`opn,
gdrdlthzdmn pdrd murdr.
Njs`rv`l bòon tnmds `stds pdadjrds lns kdb`l br``r qu` bnliïdl `l sus
prnphns prnmubtns.
•  Ans pnaïthbns usdräl ul a`lgude`, bnon pnr `e`opan5
"Lnsntrns" - pdrd djdrbdrt` `l su oulmn.
"Lnsntrns" pdrd kdb`rt` s`lthr pdrt` m` ul `quhpn.
]nmds `stds snl täbthbds m` bnoulhbdbhòl pdrd kdb`rlns s`lthr hlbauhmns, pnr
an tdltn hopnrtdlt`s.
•  Ans dbnsdmnr`s usdl `a a`lgude` eultn bnl `a bnopnrtdoh`ltn

•  dgr`shvn, pdrd angrdr

Ans m`pr`mdmnr`s sus prnphds
brhohlda`s, o`tds
bnon ans`gnïstds.
pshbòpdtds, ans snbhòpdtds y
ans ldrbhshstds, snl p`rsnlds qu` dpr`lm`l `a usn m`a a`lgude`
p`rsudshvn. @st` `s ul o`mhn pdrd sdahrs` bnl ad suyd y gdldr bnltrna
snjr` ntrd p`rsnld.
Kdy oubkns prnb`sns pshbnaòghbns jh`l r`bnlnbhmns `l ads t`nrïds snjr` `a
drt` m` ad p`rsudshòl. Pln m` `aans `s `a onm`an m` Z`spu`std Bnglhthvd,
m`sdrrnaadmn pnr Dltknly Gr``lwdam `l 489;. ]nmdvïd `s r`a`vdlt` kny `l
mïd pdrd m`t`rohldr dagulns idbtnr`s `l ad br``lbhd. ]dojhèl `s ul onm`an
ouy uthahzdmn `l `a oulmn m` ad pujahbhmdm.
Gr``lwdam sughrhò `sn5
 

Ln snl ads pdadjrds m`a o`lsde` ads qu` m`t`rohldl `a èxhtn m` ad p`rsudshòl,
shln ads `onbhnl`s m`a r`b`ptnr. @a onlòangn hlt`rln m`a qu` r`bhj` `a
o`lsde` s`rä ul idbtnr m`bhshvn `l ad idbhahmdm bnl qu` s` a` hliauyd.
]da`s p`lsdoh`ltns hlt`rlns hlbauhräl dsp`btns pnshthvns y l`gdthvns, s`gõl
ad prnphd p`rsnldahmdm m`a hlmhvhmun. @stn ln `s ul prnb`sn m` dpr`lmhzde`,
shln qu` s` jdsd oäs `l sh ad p`rsnld yd v` `a o`lsde` bnl prnb`sns m`
p`lsdoh`ltn idvnrdja`s n m`sidvnrdja`s (bnglhbhnl`s).
Ad sup`rdbhòl m` budaquh`r bnltrddrguo`ltn m`p`lm`rä m` ad `xp`rh`lbhd m`a
p`rsudsnr. M`j`räl `vhtdr qu` su nje`thvn t`lgd th`opn suihbh`lt` pdrd
bnlstruhr budaquh`r bnltrddrguo`ltn. @a p`rsudsnr m`j` da`ltdr d qu` ans
drguo`ltns pnshthvns pds`l d prho`r padln. @stn a` md da "`i`btn m`
p`rsudshòl" uld o`enr npnrtulhmdm m` èxhtn.
Ad p`rsudshòl pu`m` s`r oäs bnopahbdmd sh `a nje`thvn pr`vhstn kd shmn
dmv`rthmn. A` md th`opn da nje`thvn pdrd bnlstruhr sus prnphns
bnltrddrguo`ltns, sh `a "o`lsde`" `s bnltrdrhn d sus bnlnbhoh`ltns dbtuda`s.
Ad hopnrtdlbhd m` ad pr`dmv`rt`lbhd pu`m` v`rs` `l ad hlv`sthgdbhòl aa`vdmd d
bdjn pnr Zhbkdrm @. S`tty, `l 4877. @a `stumhn m`onstrò qu` ans `stumhdlt`s d
ans qu` s` a`s dvhsd m` ul `v`ltn `l pdrthbuadr th`l`l o`lns prnjdjhahmdm`s m`
s`r p`rsudmhmns qu` dqu`aans qu` ln th`l`l ul pr`dvhsn.
Ntrd `xpahbdbhòl jh`l `stumhdmd m` bòon pnm`ons `stdr djh`rtns da pnm`r m`
ad p`rsudshòl `s ad Z`gad m` Z`bhprnbhmdm. @std s` jdsd `l ul prhlbhphn
r`adbhnldmn bnl ads bnlv`lbhnl`s snbhda`s. Rh daguh`l t` kdb` ul idvnr, n kdb`
dagn ju`ln pnr th, `ltnlb`s `s oäs prnjdja` qu` t` sh`ltds njahgdmn d
m`vnav`r `a idvnr.
Ad Z`gad m` Z`bhprnbhmdm tdojhèl pu`m` nburrhr sujbnlsbh`lt`o`lt`. Rhl
mdrs` bu`ltd, pu`m` qu` db`pt` uld dbbhòl n ul idvnr qu` a` phmd `a
snahbhtdlt`. ]nmn pnrqu` `l dagõl ono`ltn, `aans kdl k`bkn dagn pnr th, y t`
sh`lt`s `l m`umd bnl `aans. Su`m` qu` t` sh`ltds njahgdmn dulqu` ad p`thbhòl
s`d dagn qu` tïphbdo`lt` r`bkdzdrïds.
@s ul `i`btn dopahdo`lt` uthahzdmn pnr ads `opr`sds qu` jusbdl kdb`r v`ltds.
D o`lumn ads bnopdôïds mdl ou`strds grdtuhtds, n pru`jds m` th`opn
ahohtdmn. @stn ln `s shl ul onthvn. @s bnl ad `sp`rdlzd m` qu` `a bah`lt` s`
sh`ltd njahgdmn d m`vnav`r `a idvnr, y bnoprdr `a prnmubtn n bnlthludr bnl `a
dbu`rmn.
Ad r`bhprnbhmdm `s ul prnb`sn pshbnaòghbn r`bnlnbhmn. @s ul bnopnrtdoh`ltn
 

m` dmdptdbhòl qu` kdjrïd duo`ltdmn lu`strds pnshjhahmdm`s m` sup`rvhv`lbhd

`l `a pdsdmn. Da dyumdr d ntrns, `s prnjdja` qu` `l dagõl ono`ltn pnst`rhnr
t` dyum`l d th. Rhl `ojdrgn, tdojhèl pu`m` t`l`r `i`btns dmv`rsns. Rh daguh`l
t` kdb` dagn t`rrhja`, `ltnlb`s pu`m`s s`r hopuasdmn pnr ads r`gads m` ad
r`bhprnbhmdm pdrd `xhghr tu v`lgdlzd.
Ad Z`gad m` Z`bhprnbhmdm `stä jh`l dpnydmd pnr ad hlv`sthgdbhòl dbdmèohbd.
Jurg`r `t da (:338), sughrh`rnl qu` `rd oäs prnjdja` qu` ul grupn m`
pdrthbhpdlt`s dbb`mh`rd d uld snahbhtum sh `a snahbhtdlt` a`s kdjïd k`bkn
pr`vhdo`lt` ul idvnr.
Pld pnm`rnsd k`rrdoh`ltd `l ad dro`rïd m`a odlhpuadmnr. @st` `s ul oètnmn
m` s`r bnopa`tdo`lt` `lgdônsn. @s ul o`mhn m` prnpnrbhnldr hlinrodbhòl
ahohtdmd y bnliusd d ad vïbthod. @a `i`btn m` `stn m`s`quhahjrdrä su inrod m`
p`lsdr, kdbhèlmnad vual`rdja`. ]dojhèl pu`m` hlbnrpnrdr `a usn m` a`lgude`
bnrpnrda hlt`lbhnlda, pdrd p`rsudmhr y odlhpuadr d daguh`l.

Pl
qu` `stumhn m` ObBnrldbf
ul o`lsde` pu`m` ys`rntrns (488:) (:m)
idashihbdmn onstrò
pdrd ads mhi`r`lt`s
dyumdr inrods `l
`l `a prnb`sn m`
odlhpuadbhòl. Ad t`nrïd m` ObBnrldbf th`l` uld pr`ohsd m` budtrn oäxhods,
`l uld m`badrdbhòl v`rdz. Ad vhnadbhòl m` budaquh`rd m` `aads kdrä qu` `a
o`lsde` s`d hlt`lbhnldao`lt` `lgdônsn. Ads budtrn oäxhods snl5
@std `s ad "bdlthmdm" m` hlinrodbhòl prnpnrbhnldmd. Ad odynrïd m` lnsntrns
jusbdons mdr ad bdlthmdm dm`budmd m` hlinrodbhòl pdrd qu` `a r`b`ptnr
`lth`lmd lu`strn o`lsde`. Ln ouy pnbd, lh m`odshdmd, yd qu` `sn pnmrïd
bnliulmhr. Pl odlhpuadmnr, shl `ojdrgn, eugdrïd bnl `sd bdlthmdm m`
hlinrodbhòl. Su`m` nohthr bh`rtds pdrt`s qu` bnlshm`rd hrr`a`vdlt`s.
@sp`bhdao`lt` sh `s prnjdja` qu` iulbhnl` `l bnltrd m` su drguo`ltn. @stn s`
bnlnb` bnon "o`lthr pnr nohshòl".
R` r`ih`r` d ad "`xdbthtum" m` ad hlinrodbhòl prnpnrbhnldmd. Ad bnoulhbdbhòl
v`rdz `s m` datd bdahmdm. Rh vhnaärdons `std oäxhod, `ltnlb`s `a r`b`ptnr
`sbubkdrïd idasds v`rmdm`s hlt`lbhnlda`s. @stn `s "o`lthrd m`sbdrdmd", pdrd
njt`l`r `a pnm`r m` odlhpuadbhòl.
Dquï, kdjadons m` ad "r`a`vdlbhd" m` ad hlinrodbhòl pdrd `a o`lsde`. Sdrd
bnliulmhr n `squhvdr uld pr`gultd hlbòonmd, `a odlhpuadmnr pu`m` sdahrs`
m`a t`od. @std `s uld inrod m` bdojhdr m` t`od, bnl `a õlhbn prnpòshtn m`
`lgdôdr. Snmrïd s`r pdrd nbuatdr sus prnphds m`jhahmdm`s. N hlbausn pnl`r
 

m`odshdmn èlidshs `l dagn qu` a`s mdrä oäs pnm`r snjr` su ny`lt`.
Ad "pr`s`ltdbhòl" m`a o`lsde`. Pl dsp`btn `s`lbhda m` `stn `s `a a`lgude`
bnrpnrda. A``ons hlia`xhnl`s y `xpr`shnl`s idbhda`s oh`ltrds `sbubkdons.
Pl odlhpuadmnr pu`m` `xdg`rdrads pdrd `lgdôdr ad pr`s`ltdbhòl m`a o`lsde`.
]nmn `stn bnl `a ihl m` `lidthzdr su prnphd dg`lmd.
O`lthr pdrd odlhpuadr n p`rsudmhr d daguh`l ln `s ul bnlb`ptn lu`vn. Rhl
`ojdrgn, `s ul oètnmn qu` s` `stä vnavh`lmn pdrthbuadro`lt` pnt`lt` `l `a
oulmn onm`rln. Ad bnoulhbdbhòl `l aïl`d y ans o`mhns snbhda`s ln sh`opr`
hopahbdl `a bnltdbtn bdrd d bdrd. @stn kdb` qu` s`d oäs iäbha m`bhr v`rmdm`s
`rròl`ds n `xdg`rdr ad hlinrodbhòl. Pl odlhpuadmnr pu`m` `l sus `a`o`ltns
bnl tda`s bnoulhbdbhnl`s.
Ln tnmd odlhpuadbhòl `s shlh`strd. D v`b`s pnm`ons s`r odlhpuadmns pdrd
dyumdrlns d tnodr ads m`bhshnl`s bnrr`btds pnr lu`strn prnphn jh`l. Sdrd `aan,
ad ]`nrïd m`a @opue` `s pdrthbuadro`lt` õtha. Ad ]`nrïd m`a @opue` `xpdlm`
`a r`iu`rzn pnshthvn, usdlmn p`qu`ôns `opuenl`s.
Ans `stumhns m` Rfhll`r n `a bnlmubthson, ou`strdl an õtha qu` pu`m` s`r `std
t`nrïd. (:d) Bnl ul r`iu`rzn pnshthvn, bnon ads r`bnop`lsds, pu`m`
odlhpuadr d ads p`rsnlds pdrd qu` s` bnopnrt`l m` ad odl`rd qu` ust`m
`sp`rd ino`ltdr.
@l `st` `e`opan s` pu`m` v`r ul `e`opan m` "`opue`". Dôdmhr drtïbuans m`
pr`bhn `xb`pbhnldao`lt` datn `l ul o`lõ pu`m` pdr`b`r bnltrdprnmub`lt`.
Rhl `ojdrgn, `a r`suatdmn m` `stn `l r`dahmdm duo`ltò ads v`ltds m`a s`gulmn
drtïbuan m` odynr pr`bhn. Ans bah`lt`s r`bhjh`rnl ul "`opueòl" `l ad
mhr`bbhòl bnrr`btd, p`rn pdrd `a j`l`ihbhn m`a r`stdurdlt`.
Zhbkdrm ]kda`r, bnlshm`rdmn `a pdmr` m` ad ]`nrïd m`a @opue`, iu`
gdadrmnldmn bnl `a Sr`ohn Lnj`a m` Bh`lbhds @bnlòohbds. (:i) Ru
bnltrhjubhòl d ad `bnlnoïd m`a bnopnrtdoh`ltn iu` bnlshm`rdmd jdstdlt`
trdsb`lm`ltda. Ad ]`nrïd m`a @opue` md ul r`iu`rzn pnshthvn, n bnon ]kda`r
ad m`sbrhjhò, prnpnrbhnld "`opuenl`s".
Ad ]`nrïd m`a @opue` ln sòan `s õtha `l ad `bnlnoïd. R` pu`m` usdr pdrd
ino`ltdr bdojhns m` bnopnrtdoh`ltn ` hliauhr `l ads `a`bbhnl`s p`rsnlda`s.
Hlbausn ads lnrods snbhda`s db`ptdmds pu`m`l s`r odlhpuadmds pdrd bdojhdr,
m` `std odl`rd.
 

Ans `opue`s snl tdl `xhtnsns, qu` `l :343, `a Gnjh`rln Jrhtälhbn br`ò ul
@quhpn m` Hlstrubbhòl m` Bnopnrtdoh`ltn m`a M`pdrtdo`ltn. @stn iu` pdrd
dyumdr d m`sdrrnaadr pnaïthbds. @a m`pdrtdo`ltn iu` r`i`rhmn bnon ad Plhmdm
m` @opue`s.
Su`m` kdj`r j`l`ihbhns dpdr`lt`s m` usdr "`opue`s" pdrd hliau`lbhdr d ads
p`rsnlds. Rhgu` sh`lmn uld inrod m` odlhpuadbhòl pshbnaòghbd qu` pu`m`
hlirhlghr ads ahj`rtdm`s bhvha`s m` ul hlmhvhmun.
@st` thpn m` odlhpuadbhòl tdojhèl s` bnlnb` bnon odlhpuadbhòl
pshbnaòghbd. D o`lumn `s uld k`rrdoh`ltd pdrd ans pnaïthbns, u ntrns grupns
m` p`rsnlds pnm`rnsds qu` `stäl dbnstuojrdmns d prnonv`r sus prnphns
hlt`r`s`s. @l su p`nr inrod, `s ul o`mhn m` bnltrna snbhda. Da quhtdra` ad
hlmhvhmudahmdm, bndbbhnld d ad pnjadbhòl pdrd qu` db`pt` an qu` s` a` md.
Dulqu` pu`m` t`l`r ul admn pnshthvn budlmn s` usd pdrd dyumdr bnl dsultns
p`rsnlda`s, bnon o`enrdr ad sdaum y `a jh`l`stdr.

Ans qu` `stäl `l `a pnm`r y uthahzdl ad odlhpuadbhòl snbhda pu`m`l uthahzdr

tèblhbds m` mhstrdbbhòl pdrd m`svhdrs` m` bu`sthnl`s hopnrtdlt`s.
Drguo`ltdrïdl qu` sus prnpu`stds snl pdrd `a j`l`ihbhn m` ad pnjadbhòl, y `a
j`l`ihbhn m` su idohahd y su iuturn. Budaquh`r bnsd qu` ph`ls`s
p`rsnldao`lt`, qu` pu`md s`r mhi`r`lt`, `stä oda y `s `gnïstd. @st` thpn m`
p`rsudshòl `s ouy pdt`rldahstd, bdsh trdtdlmn d ans hlmhvhmuns bnon sh iu`rdl
tnmns lhôns. @st` "shst`od" s` `sinrzdrä pnr kdb`r br``r d ads ouathtum`s qu`
ads bnsds qu` kdl sdahmn oda snl, m` k`bkn, su prnphd buapd. Ad õlhbd odl`rd
m` r`snav`r `a prnja`od `s `sbubkdr ad guïd m` dqu`aans qu` sdj`l oäs.
]da `strdt`ghd pnaïthbd pnlmrïd `l prho`r padln ul prnja`od snbhda, sòan pdrd
nbuatdr ntrn. @s uld täbthbd pdrd bdusdr oda`stdr snbhda y pälhbn `ltr` ad
pnjadbhòl. Da br`dr oda`stdr `l ad snbh`mdm, ad pnjadbhòl bno`lzdrä d `xhghr
bdojhns. Pl `e`opan pnmrïd s`r qu` `a m`pdrtdo`ltn m`s`d nbuatdr ans
prnja`ods m` sdaum. Dsï qu` mhsohluy`l `a pr`supu`stn pdrd ad pr`v`lbhòl
m`a brho`l, bdusdlmn qu` ads `stdmïsthbds m`a brho`l s` mhspdr`l. Ad
pnjadbhòl r`bhjhrä hlinrodbhòl pdrd bndbbhnldrans d br``r qu` `a o`enr
bdohln d s`guhr pdrd `a prnja`od m` ad m`ahlbu`lbhd. Ans pnaïthbns
daho`ltdräl ad prnpdgdlmd, mhiulmh`lmn sus prnphds v`rmdm`s y k`bkns. Su`m`
qu` ln sh`opr` s`d bh`rtn, n pu`m` qu` s`d hlinrodbhòl `xdg`rdmd, bnon `a
oda usn m` ads `stdmïsthbds. @st` thpn m` odlhpuadbhòl snbhda pnmrïd tnodr
dôns pdrd njt`l`r `a r`suatdmn ihlda qu` `a odlhpuadmnr r`quh`r`.
 

@a usn m` ad odlhpuadbhòl pshbnaòghbd `s pdrt` m` ad hliau`lbhd snbhda. @a

prni`snr Sr`stnl Lh, m` @stumhns m` Bnoulhbdbhòl, pujahbò ul drtïbuan `l
Ssybknangy ]nmdy. Hlmhbd qu` uld pdrt` r`bnlnb` ads m`jhahmdm`s m` ad ntrd.
R` prnpnl`l m`ahj`rdmdo`lt` bdusdr ul m`s`quhahjrhn m` pnm`r. @stn a`s
p`roht` `xpantdr d sus vïbthods, pdrd su prnphd dg`lmd. (:g)
¾@stn lns bnlvh`rt` d tnmns `l odrhnl`tds snbhda`s> Kdstd bh`rtn pultn, sï. Ad
odynrïd m` lnsntrns buopahons y lns bnlinrodons bnl an qu` s` `sp`rd m`
lnsntrns pdrd `vhtdr uld snbh`mdm m` bdns.
Sh`lsd pnr ul ono`ltn, ¾buäa `s `a õathon gdmg`t n prnmubtn m` o`enrds pdrd
`a kngdr qu` t` gustdrïd bnoprdr> ¾@s dagn qu` a` bnltò ul dohgn n qu` th`l`
ul v`bhln> An oäs prnjdja` `s qu` s`d dagn qu` th`l` ntrd p`rsnld, n qu`
kdyds a`ïmn qu` `s pnpuadr `l Hlt`rl`t, y qu` t` kdb` m`s`dran. @st` `s ntrn
admn m` ad odlhpuadbhòl snbhda. Snm`ons s`r tdl iäbhao`lt` hliau`lbhdmns sh
jdedons ad gudrmhd. Rh `sn `s dagn ju`ln n odan, m`p`lm` m` bòon an v`ds
p`rsnldao`lt`.
 

dpt`r 25  ]hpns m` odlhpuadbhòl

Hlvdshòl m`a `spdbhn p`rsnlda
Ad odynrïd m` lnsntrns pnl`ons aïoht`s d lu`strn dar`m`mnr shl mdrlns
bu`ltd m` qu` an `stdons kdbh`lmn. @s uld `sp`bh` m` r`gad hopaïbhtd pdrd
prnt`g`r lu`strn prnphn `spdbhn prhvdmn, bnon ln s`ltdrs` tdl b`rbd qu` `stè
tnbdlmn d ntrd p`rsnld, `sp`bhdao`lt` d ul `xtrdôn. D ul p`rsnlde`
odlhpuadmnr ln a` hopnrtd ldmd snjr`pdsdr tda`s aïoht`s. Ln `stä badrn sh `stn
`s pnrqu` ln an `lth`lm`l n ln a`s hopnrtd. Hlhbhdao`lt`, `s pnbn prnjdja`
qu` hlvdmdl `a `spdbhn p`rsnlda m` su nje`thvn. Srho`rn jusbdräl br`dr uld
ju`ld r`adbhòl. @stn m`ou`strd qu` `lth`lm`l ans aïoht`s pnrqu` uld v`z qu`
gdldl ad bnlihdlzd m` su nje`thvn, ans hglnrdräl.
 

Daho`ltn pdrd `a p`lsdoh`ltn

Ans odlhpuadmnr`s th`lm`l d s`r ouy `gnbèltrhbns, bnl kdjhahmdm`s snbhda`s
ahohtdmds. Ru õlhbd pr`nbupdbhòl `s pnr `aans ohsons. ]nmn an qu` kdgdl `l
ad vhmd s`rä `l r`adbhòl d bòon a`s di`btd, ln d bòon sus dbbhnl`s di`btdl d
ans m`oäs. ¾Rhglhihbd `stn qu` th`l`l ul trdstnrln pshbnpäthbn>
]no` ad `opdtïd pnr `e`opan. @s pnbn prnjdja` qu` ans odlhpuadmnr`s
bnltrnadmnr`s ou`str`l `opdtïd. Ad `opdtïd `s uld `onbhòl kuodld ldturda
qu` dyumd `l lu`strds tèblhbds m` sup`rvhv`lbhd. Pl `stumhn m` O`ii`rt
hlmhbd qu` ans qu` th`l`l ul trdstnrln pshbnpäthbn snl bdpdb`s m` bnltrnadr
ads `onbhnl`s m` `opdtïd (=b). Bdr`b`l m` budaquh`r thpn m` shopdtïd pnrqu`
ntrd m`jhahmdm `s shopa`o`lt` ntrd k`rrdoh`ltd pdrd `aans. Budlmn m`t`btdl
budaquh`r m`jhahmdm `l ad r`snaubhòl n p`rsnldahmdm m` su nje`thvn, ad
`xpantdl. Ads bnls`bu`lbhds pdrd su vïbthod snl m` pnbd hopnrtdlbhd. Ads
m`jhahmdm`s m`a nje`thvn daho`ltdl ad iu`rzd m`a odlhpuadmnr, kdbhèlmnan oäs
dumdz y d o`lumn oäs bru`a `l sus dbbhnl`s.
 

Br`dlmn ad rhvdahmdm
Ntrd täbthbd m`a odlhpuadmnr bnltrnadmnr `s ad puôdadmd pnr ad `spdamd. Su`m`
qu` t` mhgdl an ju`ld p`rsnld qu` `r`s d ad bdrd, kdbhèlmns` v`r jh`l. D tus
`spdamds, `stäl nbupdmns mhiulmh`lmn bkhso`s odahbhnsns y idas`mdm`s snjr`
th. @st` `s ul rdsgn baäshbn m` ul odlhpuadmnr bnltrnadmnr, yd qu` br`d uld
rhvdahmdm `ltr` ads p`rsnlds. @ltnlb`s, pu`m`l `a`ghr admns qu` a`s kdgdl
pdr`b`r idvnrdja`s, pdrthbuadro`lt` d su nje`thvn. Su`m` dbtudr bnon ad
prho`rd `tdpd pdrd db`rbdrs` d su nje`thvn. Pld v`z ulhmns, pu`m`l bno`lzdr
d bnlstruhr ad bnlihdlzd, kdbh`lmn oäs iäbha ad odlhpuadbhòl m`a nje`thvn `l `a
iuturn. Rh r`bnlnb` d ul trdhmnr, odltèlgdan d mhstdlbhd. Ru dg`lmd `s
`gnïstd, dsï qu` `s o`enr ln m`edrans `ltrdr `l tu vhmd p`rsnlda. Ln th`l`
s`lthmn trdtdrans bnon `aans t` trdtdl d th, `l v`lgdlzd. Z`suatdrä dgntdmnr
ugdr bnl `aans `l su prnphn eu`gn. Rh sdj`l qu` `stäs trds `aans, pu`m`l
hlt`ltdr dtrd`rt` bnl `anghns, r`bu`rmd qu` `s idasn.
 
 

S`rsnldahmdm mnohldlt`
@s hoprnjdja` qu` uld p`rsnld odlhpuadmnrd ou`str` `xt`rldo`lt` daguld
inrod m` m`jhahmdm. Pld pdrt` hopnrtdlt` m` su idbkdmd `s onstrdr
bnlvhbbhòl snjr` sus pultns m` vhstd. Jusbdl hopr`shnldr, br`y`lmn qu`
th`l`l rdzòl `l tnmn. Bdsh kdstd `a pultn m` qu` sh s` mdl bu`ltd m` qu` `stäl
`quhvnbdmns, s`guhräl drguo`ltdlmn qu` th`l`l rdzòl. D lhv`a hlmhvhmuda,
`sn shglhihbd hlvdrhdja`o`lt` qu` su pnshbhòl `stä sh`opr` `quhvnbdmd. Bnon
`aans s` m`skdb`l m` tus br``lbhds, jusbdl snbdvdr tu s`lthmn m` dutn`sthod.
Pld v`z qu` kdl angrdmn `stn, `ltnlb`s ln kdy ldmd qu` ans m`t`lgd. Jusbdl
mnohldr d ans m`oäs, d o`lumn kdjadlmn bnl ul tnln bnlm`sb`lmh`lt` pdrd
o`lnspr`bhdr d sus vïbthods. Psdr `a rhmïbuan `s ntrd k`rrdoh`ltd bnltrd su
nje`thvn, shopa`o`lt` pnrqu` ans kdrä v`r o`enr. Rh ans rhmhbuahzds, jusbdräl
bdojhdr ads bnsds, dbusälmnt` m` s`r m`odshdmn s`lshja` d su "jrnod". @a thpn
m` jrnod qu` sòan `a ldrrdmnr v` `a admn mhv`rthmn.
 

Bnopnrtdoh`ltn dgr`shvn pdshvn

Bnopnrtdoh`ltn
Pl rdsgn bnoõl m` oubkns odlhpuadmnr`s `op`m`rlhmns `s `a
bnopnrtdoh`ltn dgr`shvn pdshvn. Bnon pr`ih`r`l s`r pnpuadr`s, ln quh`r`l
qu` s` a`s v`d kdbh`lmn ldmd odan. Ln `s qu` ul odlhpuadmnr dmohtd kdj`r
k`bkn dagn odan. Rnl `xp`rtns bnl `xpr`shnl`s idbhda`s qu` `stäl m`sthldmds
d mnohldr ` hlthohmdr. @stn pu`m` hlbauhr5 irulbhr ads b`eds, r`bkhldr ans
mh`lt`s y pnl`r ans nens `l jadlbn. ]dojhèl pu`m` hlbauhr ruhmns bnon
gruôhmns. @s ul bnopnrtdoh`ltn ouy bnoõl pdrd ul p`rsnlde` dsï, yd qu` ln
kdy oubkn qu` m`bhr pdrd qu` `stèl m` dbu`rmn. Sdrd ad odynrïd m` ans
odlhpuadmnr`s, `s ad dojhbhòl m` su vhmd onstrdr d ad g`lt` m`onstrdlmn qu`
`stäl `quhvnbdmns.
@stn pu`m` vdrhdr m`sm` ad ohrdmd m` bnlirnltdbhòl, mnlm` jusbdl ohrdr
ihedo`lt` d su nje`thvn. N, pnmrïd s`r `l r`spu`std d su m`sdbu`rmn `l dagn
qu` su nje`thvn mhen. Su`m`l snlr`ïr y dghtdr ad bdj`zd, mdr ad `spdamd,
budaquh`r bnsd pdrd onstrdr su iu`rt` m`sdprnjdbhòl. ]nmn `s uld `strdtdg`od
pdrd kdb`rs` v`r sup`rhnr y o`lnspr`bhdr d ans m`oäs.
 

Onnmy Jau`s
¾Tuè kdy m` ad `stdjhahmdm `onbhnlda m`a odlhpuadmnr> ¾@s `sn an qu` kdb`
qu` s` bnopnrt`l m` ad odl`rd `l qu` an kdb`l> ¾Rdj`l shquh`rd an qu` `s ad
i`ahbhmdm> Ad r`spu`std d `sn `s ul sï m`ihlhthvn, da o`lns d `stn õathon.
Ad i`ahbhmdm `s uld k`rrdoh`ltd qu` s` uthahzd hlhbhdao`lt` pdrd dyumdra`s d
odlhpuadr, ul nje`thvn i`ahz th`l` oäs prnjdjhahmdm`s m` buopahr. @stn, `l sï
ohson, kdb` qu` `a odlhpuadmnr s`d i`ahz, n da o`lns `l `a s`lthmn m` an qu`
`aans bnlshm`rdl i`ahbhmdm. S`rn su da`grïd `s ul onm`an p`rv`rthmn m` an qu`
ad odynrïd m` ans m`oäs bnlshm`rdl ad i`ahbhmdm. Ru i`ahbhmdm s` bnlstruy` d
o`lumn snjr` ans bhoh`ltns m` ad ohs`rhd m` ntrn. Pld ohs`rhd qu` kdl
bdusdmn bnl sus bru`a`s odlhpuadbhnl`s. M` hguda odl`rd, ul odlhpuadmnr `s
prnp`lsn d ans bdojhns m` kuonr. An oäs prnjdja` `s qu` nburrd budlmn ads
bnsds ln vdl s`gõl an padl`dmn. Pl ohlutn `stäl `uiòrhbns pnr su õathod
bnlquhstd. Au`gn, da shguh`lt`, pnmrïdl `stdr bnopa`tdo`lt` m`shliadmns pnr
su irdbdsn `l `a èxhtn. Pld bnsd `s s`gurd pdrd dqu`aans qu` vhv`l n s`
bnlvh`rt`l `l ul nje`thvn m` `st` thpn m` p`rsnlde` mnohldlt`, s`räl hli`ahb`s
tnmn `a th`opn.
 

Hlthohmdbhòl
Pl dsp`btn m` ad odlhpuadbhòl, d o`lumn uthahzdmn bnon õathon r`bursn, `s
ad hlthohmdbhòl y `a dbnsn. Budlmn tnmn an m`oäs kd idaadmn, bnoh`lzdl d
usdr do`ldzds pdrd sdahrs` bnl ad suyd. Dagulns, shl `ojdrgn, pu`m`l usdr ad
hlthohmdbhòl m`sm` `a prhlbhphn. Su`m` qu` `l uld iu`lt` m` dutnrhmdm. Snr
`e`opan, tno`ons `a pdp`a m` ul e`i` odlhpuadmnr. Kd snahbhtdmn ul mïd ahjr`.
Ln quh`r`l p`rohthrt` tu p`thbhòl p`rn ln th`l`l ntrd npbhòl, `s tu m`r`bkn.
@st` thpn m` p`rsnld qu`rrïd su ahjrd m` bdrl` prho`rn. R` ihedräl nje`thvns
pdrd qu` ans dabdlb`s, dsï qu` r`trdsdräl n bdlb`adräl tu p`thbhòl, bnon
dm`adltdr ads i`bkds aïoht` m`a prny`btn. M` `std odl`rd `aans th`l`l su
p`qu`ôd vhbtnrhd snjr` th.
Dat`rldthvdo`lt`, `s` odlhpuadmnr pu`m` uthahzdr ad täbthbd m`a trdtdoh`ltn
sha`lbhnsn. Hglnrdr d daguh`l kdstd `a pultn m` qu` s` kdb` `vhm`lt` qu` a` kd
mhsgustdmn. Jusbdl kdb`rt` s`lthr buapdja`.
Ntrds dbbhnl`s hlthohmdtnrhds oäs mhr`btds pu`m`l hlbauhr ad pnsturd. Psdlmn
su daturd n bnopa`xhòl pdrd `a`vdrs` pnr `lbhod m` th, n `stdlmn
hlbòonmdo`lt` b`rbd.
]`lgdl buhmdmn, yd qu` jusbdräl v`lgdlzd pnr ads odads dbbhnl`s qu`
p`rbhj`l qu` s` a`s kd k`bkn. Ldmd pdsdrä m`sdp`rbhjhmn jden su nen
vhghadlt`. ]nmns snl ul nje`thvn pnt`lbhda. S`rn ans mèjha`s snl oäs
prnp`lsns d bd`r `l sus trdopds, pnrqu` snl ans oäs iäbha`s m` mnohldr. Ans
vual`rdja`s t`lmräl pnbd r`shst`lbhd y snl oäs iäbha`s m` hlthohmdr y
bndbbhnldr. Oubkns m` `stns rdsgns pdr`b`l oäs dm`budmns pdrd ans
knojr`s, p`rn ads oue`r`s tdojhèl pu`m`l s`r bru`ao`lt` odlhpuadmnrds.
@std `s uld p`rsnld qu` lulbd s` `bkdrä dträs `l uld mhsbushòl. Lulbd
dmohthräl qu` `stäl `quhvnbdmns. Lulbd s` mhsbuap` pnr ldmd. Pl
odlhpuadmnr lulbd onstrdrä r`sp`tn, p`rn `sp`rdrä qu` tnmns ans m`oäs a`
ou`str`l r`sp`tn.
Ln a`s gustd ldmd oäs qu` dv`rgnlzdr d ans m`oäs. Kdb`rs` `a tnltn `s uld
präbthbd bnoõl, sòan pdrd njahgdr d ntrd p`rsnld d `xpahbdrs` o`enr. @l bdmd
npnrtulhmdm, `a odlhpuadmnr s` adlzdrä bnl dagõl bno`ltdrhn sdrbästhbn,
"mdt` prhsd, tnmns `stdons `sp`rdlmn tu `xpahbdbhòl hlt`a`btuda", n "¾pnr què
ldmh` oäs kd nïmn kdjadr m` `stn>" Ru õlhbn nje`thvn `s kdb`r qu` ad ntrd
p`rsnld pdr`zbd ul tnltn, p`rn shl pdr`b`r s`r `a qu` an khzn. Nk ln, ad
vïbthod s` khzn `sn d sï ohsod pnrqu` `s `stõphmd.
¾X què kdy m` ads vïbthods m` tda odlhpuadmnr> Sds`ons dknrd da ntrn admn m`
 

`st` `sb`ldrhn.
 

dpt`r =5  ¾Snr què snons vual`rdja`s d ad

odlhpuadbhòl>
Ad ntrd bdrd m` `vhtdr ad trdopd m` ads r`adbhnl`s tòxhbds bnl p`rsnlds
`onbhnldao`lt` odlhpuadmnrds `s bnlshm`rdr sh s` th`l` daguln m` ans rdsgns
m` p`rsnldahmdm qu` ans m`pr`mdmnr`s jusbdl `l dqu`aans m` ans qu` snl oäs
prnp`lsns d s`r vïbthods.
Oubkns m` lnsntrns `sp`rdons s`r trdtdmns bnl r`sp`tn y dodjhahmdm y m`
dbu`rmn bnl ads a`y`s y bnstuojr`s jäshbds m` uld dmuat`z `mubdmd, bhvhahzdmd
y r`spnlsdja`. Mdons pnr s`ltdmn `st` `lt`lmhoh`ltn y `sp`rdons qu` s`d ul
k`bkn `l tnmds lu`strds r`adbhnl`s. Bnlshm`rdons qu` `st` `s `a
`lt`lmhoh`ltn pr`m`t`rohldmn `l lu`strds r`adbhnl`s ln sòan `ltr` dqu`aans
qu` bnlnb`ons y `l ans qu` bnlihdons, shln quhzäs dõl oäs `ltr` ans
`xtrdôns, bnopdô`rns m` trdjden y prni`shnlda`s bnl ans qu` pnm`ons `ltrdr
`l bnltdbtn. Ado`ltdja`o`lt`, ans m`pr`mdmnr`s `onbhnlda`s snl ouy
bnlsbh`lt`s m` `std `xp`btdthvd y d o`lumn `xpantdl `std är`d m` bnlihdlzd
`sp`bïihbdo`lt` budlmn jusbdl inrods m` `xpantdr d ads vïbthods.
]nmns k`ons vhstn p`aïbuads snjr` `a `xtrdôn dtrdbthvn qu` phmhò dyumd bnl
ul l`uoäthbn m`shliadmn n ans lu`vns v`bhlns qu` pdr`bïdl tdl dgrdmdja`s
budlmn s` oumdrnl pnr prho`rd v`z. A`ltdo`lt`, `stds r`adbhnl`s qu`
pdr`b`l tdl j`lhglds y lnroda`s `l ad sup`rihbh`, räphmdo`lt` s` bnlvh`rt`l
`l uld p`sdmhaad dpdr`lt`o`lt` hl`aumhja` m` vhna`lbhd, vhbthohzdbhòl y
brhohldahmdm. Dulqu` t`l`ons rdzòl da bnlshm`rdr `stns thpns m` r`adbhnl`s
bnon ad `xb`pbhòl `l augdr m` ad r`gad, m`sdinrtuldmdo`lt` s` kdl vu`atn
oäs bnoul`s. Bnon r`suatdmn, tnodr bnlbh`lbhd m` sï ohson `s ul dsp`btn
tdl hopnrtdlt` pdrd `vhtdr ad odlhpuadbhòl y ad `xpantdbhòl bnon jusbdr
s`ôda`s m` djusn `l ans qu` t` rnm`dl.
Ad shguh`lt` ahstd bujr` oubkds m` ads bdrdbt`rïsthbds qu` ans odlhpuadmnr`s
`onbhnlda`s bnlshm`rdl m`jhahmdm`s y trdtdräl m` `xpantdr. Rh br`` qu` pu`m`
onstrdr daguld m` `stds bdrdbt`rïsthbds, r`bu`rm` qu` ln shglhihbd qu` s`d uld
p`rsnld mèjha n m`ihbh`lt`, lh qu` o`r`zbd s`r `xpantdmd n odlhpuadmd. Rhl
`ojdrgn, m`j` r`bnrmdr qu`, bnl rdzòl n shl `aad, sh `s m`odshdmn djh`rtn
snjr` `st` thpn m` bnopnrtdoh`ltns, pu`m` `stdr pnlhèlmns` mhr`btdo`lt` `l
`a bdohln m` ul odlhpuadmnr `onbhnlda qu` `stä jusbdlmn uld lu`vd
vïbthod.
 

•  @a `xb`sn m` diäl m` bnopadb`r d ntrds p`rsnlds5 D o`lumn ul

dojh`lt` m` trdjden bnop`ththvn n hlbausn `a `ltnrln ldturda m` sus
r`adbhnl`s p`rsnlda`s r`bnop`lsd `a angrn. Lnrodao`lt`, `sn `s dagn
ju`ln. S`rn t`l buhmdmn m` vhghadr ans bdojhns `l `a `ltnrln. Ad g`lt`
qu` trdjded ldturdao`lt` pdrd angrdr `a èxhtn pu`m` s`r dprnv`bkdmd da

•  s`r bnanbdmdd `l
Dmhbbhòl uld pnshbhòl
gdldrs` m`sv`ltdensd.
ad dprnjdbhòl y `a r`bnlnbhoh`ltn5 @st` rdsgn `s
mhi`r`lt` m`a rdsgn m`a ldrbhshstd, qu` s` sh`lt` bnl m`r`bkn d uld
dprnjdbhòl y r`bnlnbhoh`ltn `xb`shvns, hlbausn shl kdj`r k`bkn ldmd
pdrd gdlärs`an. Rhl `ojdrgn, m`onstrdr uld dmhbbhòl da r`bnlnbhoh`ltn
y d ad dprnjdbhòl pu`m` hlmhbdr d budaquh`rd bnl datns grdmns m`
pshbnangïd nsburd qu` `r`s ul jadlbn iäbha.
•  Oh`mn d `xpr`sdr `onbhnl`s l`gdthvds5 D o`lumn ans odlhpuadmnr`s
hm`lthihbdl d ads p`rsnlds qu` quh`r`l `vhtdr ads r`p`rbushnl`s m`
qu`edrs` n `lir`ltdrs` d ans djusns pnrqu` pu`m`l t`o`r `a r`bkdzn qu`

s` prnmub`.
buhmdmn @st`
m` ln rdsgn hlthohmdmn
s`lthrs` tdojhèl s`pnr
bnlnb` bnon
p`rohthr qu``ontninjhd. ]`lgd
ad g`lt` vhna` sus
m`r`bkns.
•  Ad idatd m` ds`rthvhmdm n ad hlbdpdbhmdm m` m`bhr ln5 @st` rdsgn `stä
r`adbhnldmn bnl ad `ontninjhd, p`rn th`l` oäs qu` v`r bnl su bdpdbhmdm
m` `stdja`b`r aïoht`s y irnlt`rds p`rsnlda`s n prni`shnlda`s, oäs qu`
bnl su bdpdbhmdm m` r`spnlm`r da bnopnrtdoh`ltn m` ans qu` a` rnm`dl.
•  Pl jden grdmn m` dutnsuihbh`lbhd n dutnsuihbh`lbhd5 Ans odlhpuadmnr`s
jusbdräl d ads p`rsnlds qu` l`b`sht`l dyumd pnrqu` r`pr`s`ltdl ul
nje`thvn ouy djh`rtn pdrd ad vhbthohzdbhòl d adrgn padzn. @a
bnlnbhoh`ltn `s pnm`r.
•  Dus`lbhd m` dutnmhr`bbhòl5 "Anbus m` bnltrna" `s ul tèrohln qu` s`
uthahzd pdrd m`sbrhjhr `a grdmn `l qu` daguh`l s` dutnmhrhg` n sh r`quh`r`
ad mhr`bbhòl y `a bnltrna m` daguld dutnrhmdm n p`rsnld `xt`rld pdrd
tnodr m`bhshnl`s. Ads p`rsnlds qu` th`lm`l d t`l`r oäs m` ul anbus m`
bnltrna `xt`rln snl oäs susb`pthja`s d ad odlhpuadbhòl `onbhnlda y ad
`xpantdbhòl.
•  Ad p`rshst`lt` hlg`luhmdm5 R`r bnlihdmn, hlnb`lt` ` hlg`lun ln `s `l sï
ohson ul rdsgn m` bdräbt`r l`gdthvn. Rhl `ojdrgn, `a grdmn `l qu`
daguh`l p`rshst` `l `a `lgdôn m` qu` ln pu`m` s`r mdôdmn pnr ul
bnopnrtdoh`ltn m`pr`mdmnr, hlbausn budlmn s` a` kd m`edmn badrn qu`
`stä sh`lmn `xpantdmn y odlhpuadmn, pu`m` kdb`r mhiïbha r`snav`r ans
 

bdsns m` djusn.
•  @xb`sn m` bnlbh`lbhd5 @st` rdsgn `stä r`adbhnldmn bnl ad p`rshst`lt`
hlg`luhmdm. Budlmn daguh`l sdj` qu` `stä `l uld r`adbhòl
odlhpuadmnrd n djushvd, uld p`rsnld `xb`shvdo`lt` bnlbh`lzumd
pu`m` s`guhr mdlmn da djusdmnr `a j`l`ihbhn m` ad mumd.
•  bnlihdlzd
Jdens lhv`a`s
snl dm`o`lumn
dutnbnlihdlzd n dutn`sthod5
s`ôdadmds Ads p`rsnlds
pnr ans odlhpuadmnr`s bnl pnbd
pnrqu` snl
oäs susb`pthja`s m` s`r dmuadmds y `lgdôdmds pnr ad m`s`sp`rdbhòl.
•  Rnjr`-hlt`a`btudahzdbhòl5 @std `s ad hodg`l `sp`en m`a dbnsn hlt`a`btuda
y jurnbräthbn. Snr `e`opan, daguh`l pu`m` s`r uld vïbthod njvhd m` ad
hlthohmdbhòl jurnbräthbd y s`guhr r`bhjh`lmn uld bnoulhbdbhòl nihbhda
`l ad qu` s` prno`t` uld r`snaubhòl sh ad vïbthod shgu` bnnp`rdlmn. Rh
ad vïbthod hlt`a`btudahzd `l `xb`sn `a djusn db`ptdlmn `a bdräbt`r nihbhda
m` ad bnoulhbdbhòl bnon pru`jd m` ads ju`lds hlt`lbhnl`s m`a
m`pr`mdmnr, `s prnjdja` qu` ad `xpantdbhòl bnlthlõ`.
 
• Pld p`rsnldahmdm
ldturda`zd m`p`lmh`lt`
snl o`lns ds`rthvds n r`spnlm`l
y qu` suohsd5 Ads p`rsnlds
jh`l qu` ypnr
da buhmdmn da
donr ln m`j`l s`lthrs` dv`rgnlzdmds n qu` `stäl kdbh`lmn dagn oda.
Rhl `ojdrgn, ul m`pr`mdmnr qu` hm`lthihbd thpns m` p`rsnldahmdm
suohsd pu`m` `xpantdr bnl èxhtn d `sds p`rsnlds shl qu` s`dl
pa`ldo`lt` bnlsbh`lt`s m`a djusn. D o`lumn, ad l`b`shmdm m`
bnopdôïd y donr pu`m` kdb`r qu` p`rsnlds qu` m` ntrd odl`rd s`rïdl
dstutds ` hlt`ahg`lt`s s` vu`avdl hlushtdmdo`lt` brèmuads y vual`rdja`s.
•  Hlodmur`z `onbhnlda ` hlt`a`btuda5 Ad hlodmur`z, bnon ad hlg`luhmdm,
pu`m` mdr augdr d uld odynr prnjdjhahmdm m` qu` ad g`lt` br`d `l
dihrodbhnl`s n prno`sds `xdg`rdmds.
•  Hopr`shnldjhahmdm5 @st` rdsgn `stä r`adbhnldmn bnl ad hlodmur`z. Ads
p`rsnlds hopr`shnldja`s pu`m`l s`r susb`pthja`s m` djusn m`pr`mdmnr
shopa`o`lt` bnon r`suatdmn m` uld pr`s`ltdbhòl n hltrnmubbhòl
`lbdltdmnrd n p`rsudshvd.
•  M`sbuhmn5 Budlmn ad g`lt` knl`std ihldao`lt` dpr`lm` d deustdr sus
r`spu`stds pdrd mdr bu`ltd m` ans odlhpuadmnr`s y m`pr`mdmnr`s,
tnmdvïd pu`m` bnrr`r `a rh`sgn m` m`sbuhmn. Ru lu`vd bnlbh`lbhd m` ad
trdhbhòl m`a oulmn qu` a`s rnm`d pu`m` aa`ldra`s m` ul s`lthmn m`
r`bthtum n m` m`r`bkn, yd qu` ln snl ans m`pr`mdmnr`s n ans brhohlda`s,
ln m`j`rïdl s`r r`spnlsdja`s m` bdojhdr su bnopnrtdoh`ltn. Dulqu`
pu`mdl t`l`r rdzòl, ln odlt`l`r ad vhghadlbhd m`spuès m` qu` s` kdyd
 

`stdja`bhmn ul p`ahgrn r`da y pr`s`lt` pu`m` djrhr ad pu`rtd d oäs

djusns.
•  Ldrbhshson5 Hròlhbdo`lt`, ans ldrbhshstds pu`m`l s`r vïbthods m` su
prnphd m`svhdbhòl pshbnaòghbd. M`jhmn d su njs`shvd l`b`shmdm m`
dmuadbhòl, pu`m`l s`r `a jadlbn m` dqu`aans qu` jusbdl m`sdrodrans

•  usdlmn idasns kdadgns

Hopuashvhmdm5 @st` pdrd gdldrrdsgn
`s ntrn su bnlihdlzd y r`sp`tn.
qu` ad g`lt` knl`std, hlg`lud y
bnlihdmd m`j` dpr`lm`r d r`mubhr. Dulqu` pu`m`l t`l`r rdzòl `l qu` ln
m`j`l t`o`r ad pr`s`lbhd bnlstdlt` m` ad odlhpuadbhòl m`pr`mdmnrd, `a
k`bkn m` ln nbuatdr ad hopuashvhmdm pu`m` m`edrans vual`rdja`s d ads
`stdids y ntrds trdopds.
•  Datruhson5 @st` rdsgn tdojhèl `s r`sp`tdja` y dmohrdja`, p`rn ads
p`rsnlds qu` snl m`odshdmn datruhstds y m`shlt`r`sdmds s` bnlvh`rt`l `l
jadlbns iäbha`s pdrd ans m`pr`mdmnr`s qu` bdr`b`l m` `opdtïd.
•  Ad bnmhbhd n `a odt`rhdahson5 Ans rdsgns m` p`rsnldahmdm l`gdthvns
tdojhèl pu`m`l
@a `ltnrln kdb`r d ads p`rsnlds
bnlt`opnräl`n b`a`jrd `asusb`pthja`s m` s`r
odt`rhdahson, ad vhbthohzdmds.
bnmhbhd y `a
bnlsuohson. M`jhmn d qu` ad snbh`mdm kd shmn mhs`ôdmd pdrd kdb`r qu`
`stds dbthtum`s s`dl db`ptdja`s y m`s`dja`s, vdstns s`go`ltns m` ad
pnjadbhòl kdl shmn `stdja`bhmns bnon vïbthods m` brhohlda`s
ihldlbh`rns y ntrns l`gnbhns m`sknl`stns mhrhghmns pnr p`rsnlds qu`
ou`strdl ads bdrdbt`rïsthbds m` p`rsnldahmdm `luo`rdmds `l ad ]rïdmd
Nsburd.
•  Ans dlbhdlns5 Ans dlbhdlns snl nje`thvns ir`bu`lt`s m` ad odlhpuadbhòl
`onbhnlda. @stn s` dpahbd `sp`bhdao`lt` d ads p`rsnlds knl`stds qu`
kdl odlt`lhmn ad vhghadlbhd murdlt` ul adrgn p`rïnmn m` th`opn. @a
k`bkn m` kdj`r `vhtdmn ad vhbthohzdbhòl pu`m` mdr ul hopuasn d su
bnlihdlzd, an qu` pu`m` t`ltdra`s d jdedr ad gudrmhd. Dm`oäs, ans
prnja`ods iïshbns dsnbhdmns bnl `a `lv`e`bhoh`ltn pu`m`l kdb`rans oäs
idthgdmns y o`lns bdpdb`s m` odlt`l`r datns lhv`a`s m` bnlbh`lbhd.
 

dpt`r 05  ¾Buäa`s snl ans `i`btns m` ad

odlhpuadbhòl `l ad sdaum o`ltda>
]nmns usdons tèblhbds m` odlhpuadbhòl pdrd bnltrnadr ads `onbhnl`s,
bnopnrtdoh`ltns y s`lthoh`ltns m` ntrds p`rsnlds. ¾Rdjïds qu` hlbausn
m`bhra` d uld p`rsnld qu` `stäs jh`l oh`ltrds `stäs m`prhohmn n `lir`ltdlmn
m`sdiïns `s uld inrod m` odlhpuadbhòl pnrqu` bnltrnad ads r`dbbhnl`s y
p`rb`pbhnl`s m` ad p`rsnld kdbhd th> ]nmns k`ons shmn vïbthods m` ad
odlhpuadbhòl, dulqu` s`d p`rhòmhbd.
Dagulds inrods m` odlhpuadbhòl pu`m`l t`l`r bnls`bu`lbhds hlshmhnsds,
bnon `a djusn `onbhnlda `l ads r`adbhnl`s ïlthods. Budlmn `a odlhpuadmnr
s` b`ltrd `l uld vïbthod, `s prnjdja` qu` bdus` oubkn mdôn. Budlmn ad
odlhpuadbhòl `s p`reumhbhda pdrd ad sdaum `onbhnlda, iïshbd y o`ltda m` uld
p`rsnld, `s l`gdthvd y m`j` m`t`l`rs`. Dulqu` ad odynrïd m` ads
hlv`sthgdbhnl`s kdl r`v`admn qu` ad odynrïd m` ans odlhpuadmnr`s dbtõdl
bnon an kdb`l pnr ad l`b`shmdm m` bnltrnadr `a `ltnrln, ln eusthihbd su
bnopnrtdoh`ltn. @s` hopuasn m` bnltrnadr d ans m`oäs pnr ad dlsh`mdm y `a
oh`mn prniulmn ln m`j`rïd s`r uld rdzòl pdrd mdôdr d ans m`oäs. Sdrthbhpdr
`l ad odlhpuadbhòl kdb` qu` `a odlhpuadmnr s` m`s`lgdlbk` m` su v`rmdm`rn
s`r, y s`r odlhpuadmn pu`m` kdb`r qu` ad vïbthod `xp`rho`lt` uld dopahd
vdrh`mdm m` `i`btns l`gdthvns.
Rh uld vïbthod m` odlhpuadbhòl ln r`bhj` ad dyumd qu` l`b`shtd, `s prnjdja`
qu` su sdaum o`ltda s`d m`ihbh`lt`. Ad odlhpuadbhòl bròlhbd `l ads r`adbhnl`s,
`sp`bhdao`lt` `l ads ïlthods, pu`m` s`r ul hlmhbdmnr m` ntrds inrods m`
djusn, bnon `a djusn `onbhnlda y iïshbn qu`, `l dagulns bdsns, th`l` ans
ohsons `i`btns qu` `a trduod. @sns `i`btns snl oäs `vhm`lt`s sh s` kd k`bkn
qu` ad vïbthod s` sh`ltd dv`rgnlzdmd n buapdja` bnl ir`bu`lbhd. Ads vïbthods
m` ad odlhpuadbhòl pu`m`l s`lthrs` m`prhohmds, m`sdrrnaadr pdtrnl`s m`
dirnltdoh`ltn pnbn sdaumdja`s y dlsh`mdm, o`lthr snjr` sus s`lthoh`ltns,
t`l`r mhihbuatdm`s pdrd vnav`r d bnlihdr y dlt`pnl`r ads l`b`shmdm`s m` ntrds
p`rsnlds d ads suyds. @l dagulns bdsns, ad odlhpuadbhòl pu`m` s`r tdl hlt`lsd
qu` ad vïbthod bnoh`lzd d mumdr m` su p`rb`pbhòl m` ad vhmd. @a usn `xt`lshvn
m` odlhpuadbhòl pdrd bnltrnadr d uld p`rsnld pu`m` kdb`r qu` uln s`
bu`sthnl` sus kdjhahmdm`s.

Ad odlhpuadbhòl
p`rsnlds `l ads hlbauhmns
hlvnaubrdmds, r`adbhnl`sans
pu`m` t`l`r `i`btns
oh`ojrns l`gdthvns
m` ad idohahd, ans grdv`s
dohgns`ly ads
ads
 

pdr`eds rnoälthbds. Ad odlhpuadbhòl pu`m` kdb`r r`trnb`m`r ad sdaum m` uld

r`adbhòl y prnvnbdr uld odad sdaum iïshbd y o`ltda m` ads p`rsnlds qu` ad
inrodl. ]dojhèl pu`m` aa`vdr d ad mhsnaubhòl m` ad r`adbhòl.
@l uld snbh`mdm n odtrhonlhn, ad odlhpuadbhòl pu`m` kdb`r qu` uld p`rsnld
s` sh`ltd dhsadmd, hlthohmdmd ` hlbausn m`spr`bhdmd. Hlbausn `l dagulds
r`adbhnl`s sdlds, ul oh`ojrn m` ad pdr`ed pu`m` odlhpuadr da ntrn pdrd
prnt`g`rs` m` ads bdrgds n pdrd `vhtdr ad bnlirnltdbhòl. Oubkns bnopdô`rns
p`bdl m` s`r odlhpuadmnr`s `l ads r`adbhnl`s, pu`m`l mdrs` bu`ltd m` qu`
`stäl sh`lmn odlhpuadmns p`rn `ahg`l hglnrdran
hglnrdran n r`stdra` hopnrtdlbhd.
hopnrtdlbhd. Ad
odlhpuadbhòl `l ads r`adbhnl`s pu`m` odlhi`stdrs` m` mhi`r`lt`s inrods, `ltr`
`aads ad buapd, ad `xdg`rdbhòl, uld ou`strd s`a`bthvd m` di`btn, ad `ltr`gd m`
r`gdans, `a odlt`lhoh`ltn m` s`br`tns y `a s`r pdshvn-dgr`shvn.
Dagulns pdmr`s odlhpuadl d sus khens `l lnojr` m` ad mhsbhpahld. An qu` ln
s` mdl bu`ltd `s qu` `stäl pr`pdrdlmn d `stns lhôns pdrd ad m`pr`shòl, ad
buapd, ans prnja`ods m` daho`ltdbhòl, ad dlsh`mdm y ntrds bnopahbdbhnl`s
o`ltda`s. Dagulns `stumhns kdl r`v`admn qu` ans lhôns qu` snl odlhpuadmns
pnr sus Vpdmr`s_ d uld `mdm t`oprdld th`l`l oäs prnjdjhahmdm`s m` uthahzdr
ads ohsods tèblhbds `l su vhmd dmuatd pdrd njt`l`r an qu` quh`r`l m` ans
m`oäs. @stns lhôns br`b`l p`lsdlmn qu` `stä jh`l r`tnrb`r ans ans jrdzns m` ad
g`lt` pdrd bnls`guhr an qu` quh`r`l. Dagulns m` ans shglns qu` hlmhbdl qu`
ul lhôn `s odlhpuadmn pnr sus pdmr`s snl5 Idatd m` r`spnlsdjhahmdm, ad
vïbthod th`lm` d s`lthrs` buapdja`, ans angrns m`a lhôn ln snl r`bnlnbhmns pnr
ans pdmr`s y `a pdmr` tnod tnmds ads m`bhshnl`s pnr `a lhôn.
Ads p`rsnlds tdojhèl th`lm`l d s`lthrs` odlhpuadmds sh `stäl `l uld dohstdm
tòxhbd. @l uld r`adbhòl odlhpuadmnrd (dohstdm), uld p`rsnld bnoh`lzd d
uthahzdr d ad ntrd d pdrthr m` gdldlbhds p`rsnlda`s. Ln kdy uld shtudbhòl `l ad
qu` tnmns gdl`l pnrqu` uld p`rsnld njth`l` tnmns ans j`l`ihbhns d `xp`lsds
m` ad ntrd. Pl dohgn odlhpuadmnr usdrä o`lthrds, bndbbhòl n buapd pdrd
`xtrd`r idvnr`s m` ad ntrd p`rsnld. @st` thpn m` dohgns tdojhèl th`lm`l d
bnoulhbdrs` sòan budlmn l`b`shtdl dyumd, y sh a`s phm`s dyumd, mhiïbhao`lt`
t` dpnydl.
Dulqu` ans onthvns pu`m`l vdrhdr m`sm` ans hlbnlsbh`lt`s kdstd ans
odahbhnsns, ans `i`btns snl l`gdthvns y m`edl ul hopdbtn murdm`rn. ¾Bòon s`
pu`m` ahmhdr bnl uld r`adbhòl qu` s` kd vu`atn tòxhbd y burdrs` m` sus `i`btns>
Budlmn uld r`adbhòl s` vu`av` odlhpuadmnrd, uln s` bdlsd m` ahmhdr bnl `a
 

bnopnrtdoh`ltn l`gdthvn. ]nmns qu`r`ons pr`s`rvdr lu`strd `l`rgïd pdrd

bnsds qu` j`l`ihbh`l d lu`strns s`r`s qu`rhmns y d lnsntrns. Pld r`adbhòl
tòxhbd dgntdrä sus r`s`rvds y s` o`t`rä bnl sus m`bhshnl`s. Ads präbthbds
uthahzdmds pnr ans odlhpuadmnr`s `l sus vïbthods snl o`thbuansds, y kdb`l
qu` uln s` b`ltr` `l bnsds hll`b`sdrhds. Snr `e`opan, sh ul odlhpuadmnr usd
ul bnopnrtdoh`ltn
pdsdräl pdshvn-dgr`shvn
th`opn dv`rhgudlmn pdrd bnltrnadr
an qu` khbh`rnl d adsd vïbthods,
pdrd `lnedr èstds`
`std p`rsnld
hlbausn hlv`rthräl `l bnop`lsdr d ad "p`rsnld adsthodmd".
Ntrds tèblhbds m` odlhpuadbhòl uthahzdmds pnr `a vhbthodrhn pdrd mhstrd`ran m`
sus nje`thvns hlbauy`l ad m`sknl`sthmdm, ads do`ldzds hopaïbhtds, ad
hauohldbhòl d gds, `a dhsadoh`ltn, ad r`t`lbhòl m` hlinrodbhòl, `a usn m`a s`xn
pdrd njt`l`r an qu` uln quh`r` y `a djusn v`rjda.
Mdmn qu` dagulns odlhpuadmnr`s ln snl bnlsbh`lt`s m` su bnopnrtdoh`ltn
odlhpuadmnr, `s hopnrtdlt` bnopr`lm`r ads bhrbulstdlbhds `l ads qu` s`
prnmub` ad odlhpuadbhòl. Pld v`z qu` t` mds bu`ltd m` qu` uld r`adbhòl s`
kd vu`atn tòxhbd y qu` kdy odlhpuadbhòl, kdy pdsns brubhda`s qu` m`j`s
tnodr.
 

dpt`r 95  ¾Buäa`s snl ans shglns qu` ou`strdl qu`

`stäs sh`lmn odlhpuadmn pshbnaòghbd y
`onbhnldao`lt`>
Pl odlhpuadmnr
v` jh`l pnr iu`rd,`sp`rn
d o`lumn
ln kdyhlbr`ïja`o`lt` sup`rihbhda.
ldmd qu` an shgd @stn
pnr m`ltrn. @sshglhihbd qu` s`
pnbn prniulmn
y bdr`b` m` prniulmhmdm. ]nmn an qu` kdb` y mhb` `s idasn, pdrt` m` uld
idbkdmd qu` `rhg` pdrd `lgdôdrt`. Dsï qu` t`l buhmdmn bnl ad g`lt` qu` `s
hlbr`ïja`o`lt` `lbdltdmnrd y dtrdbthvd budlmn ad bnlnb`s. Bnlòb`ans dlt`s
m` `op`zdr d bnlihdr `l `aans n d bnlihdr `l `aads. Ln kdgds ul bnoprnohsn n
ul trdtn m` l`gnbhns kdstd qu` `stès djsnautdo`lt` s`gurn m` th ohson.
Ntrn shgln m` ul odlhpuadmnr `s qu` t` sh`lt`s njahgdmn d bnlihdr `l èa n d
kdb`r an qu` èa quh`rd. Bnlstdlt`o`lt` t` `lbu`ltrds mhbh`lmn qu` sï budlmn
quh`r`s m`bhr qu` ln. @s hopnshja` s`r tõ ohson y m`i`lm`rt`. Èa th`l` dagõl
thpn m` pnm`r
`s sòan snjr`buhmdmnsdo`lt`
uld r`m th qu` ln pu`m`st`ehmd
r`shsthr.
m` M`sdinrtuldmdo`lt`, `st`y pnm`r
odlhpuadbhòl, `lgdôn mdôn
`onbhnlda. Èa t` m`edrä `l `a ono`ltn `l qu` njt`lgd tnmn an qu` pu`md m`
th, dsï qu` ln t` qu`m`s n bno`tds `a `rrnr m` p`lsdr qu` `std r`adbhòl vd d
murdr. D èa ln a` hopnrtd, ln hopnrtd an jh`l qu` pr`t`lmd kdb`ran. Daèedt` m`
èa dlt`s m` qu` ad r`adbhòl s` vu`avd ouy mdôhld y drruhl` tu vhmd.
]dojhèl pu`m`s `lbnltrdrt` mhbh`lmn qu` an sh`lt`s tnmn `a th`opn. ]u buapd
t` bdrbno`. Bdmd shtudbhòl bnl `std p`rsnld pdr`b` s`r tu buapd. Hlbausn sh `s
buapdja`, s` ads drr`gad pdrd bdojhdr ads bnsds pdrd qu` t` sh`ltds buapdja`.
Lulbd s` r`spnlsdjhahzdrä m` ldmd m` an qu` kdgd y sh`opr` t` `bkdrä ad buapd
d th. Su`m` kdb`r an qu` quh`rd, p`rn t` njahgd d buopahr lnrods `strhbtds y t`
bdsthgd budlmn ln ads buopa`s. Jäshbdo`lt` odtd tu dutn`sthod y kdb` qu` t`
nmh`s d th ohson.
Ihldao`lt`, ul odlhpuadmnr `s g`lhda pdrd bdojhdr m` nphlhòl. Su`m` qu` t`
sh`ltds m` uld odl`rd, p`rn m`spuès m` kdjadr bnl èa, t` sh`lt`s m` uld
odl`rd bnopa`tdo`lt` mhi`r`lt`. Èa `s bdpdz m` bdojhdr tu o`lt` y tu inrod
m` p`lsdr. D v`b`s `stn pu`m` s`r hlbausn dagn ju`ln, yd qu` t` kdb` p`lsdr
m` inrod oäs bnlstrubthvd n pnshthvd. S`rn t`l buhmdmn bnl daguh`l qu` th`l`
tdltn pnm`r snjr` tus `stdmns m` älhon y tus p`lsdoh`ltns.
D o`lumn, `l ads prho`rds `tdpds m` uld r`adbhòl odlhpuadmnrd n
`onbhnldao`lt` djushvd, t` s`lthräs hlbr`ïja`. ]u odlhpuadmnr s`rä ul
 

`xp`rtn `l kdb`rt` s`lthr jh`l bnlthgn ohson. ]` kdadgdrä y daho`ltdrä tu

`gn.
Dagulds p`rsnlds dkï iu`rd t` kdräl s`lthr jh`l pnrqu` t` quh`r`l m` v`rmdm.
S`rn d o`lumn aa`vd th`opn bnlstruhr uld r`adbhòl dsï. Rh daguh`l d quh`l
dp`lds bnlnb`s `stä sõp`r hlt`r`sdmn `l th y trdtd m` dpr`surdr uld r`adbhòl,
t`l oubkn buhmdmn. Ln m`e`s qu` ads bnsds s` ou`vdl m`odshdmn räphmn.
Bnlnb` d ad p`rsnld prho`rn. Daguh`l qu` t` m`s`d tdltn m`sm` `a prhlbhphn
su`a` s`r sup`rihbhda y sòan hlt`ltd bnlv`rthrt` `l uld vïbthod. Ln bdhgds `l ad
trdopd. Ad g`lt` lnroda ln s` o`t` `l r`adbhnl`s n trdtd m` dpr`surdr ads
bnsds. Ad g`lt` lnroda tdopnbn `oph`zd d dbtudr bnon anbd pnr th `l ul
p`rhnmn m` th`opn hlusudao`lt` bnrtn.
Pl odlhpuadmnr t` kdrä s`lthr bnon sh kujh`rd odrhpnsds `l tu `stòodgn. ]`
`sinrzdräs pnr bnopadb`ran. ]u odynr m`s`n s`rä kdb`ra` snlr`ïr. @stn `s
pnrqu` èa yd t` kdb` s`lthr bnon sh a` m`jh`rds n bnon sh t` gustdrd tdltn qu`
trdjdedräs pdrd bnopadb`ran. ]`l buhmdmn bnl ad g`lt` qu` t` kdb` s`lthr
bnon uld odrhnl`td. Lulbd m`j`rïds qu`r`r hlbahldrt` kdbhd dträs pnr daguh`l
bnl tdltd urg`lbhd. L`b`shtds t`l`r ul s`lthmn m` mhglhmdm y `spdbhn p`rsnlda
y vdanr `l bdmd r`adbhòl. Rh ln an th`l`s, dagn ln vd jh`l.
@a bnls`en oäs s`lbhaan pdrd trdtdr bnl ul odlhpuadmnr `s a`vdltdrs` ` hrs`. Rh
pu`m`s kdb`r `stn, g`lhda. M`j`rïds kdb`ran hlo`mhdtdo`lt`. Ln kdjrä ldmd
ju`ln `l `std r`adbhòl, dsï qu` ¾pnr què qu`mdrs` y sdahr adsthodmn>
S`rn `st` bnls`en `s d o`lumn oäs iäbha m` m`bhr qu` m` kdb`r. Kdy dagulds
shtudbhnl`s `l ads qu` ln pu`m`s `sbdpdr m` ul odlhpuadmnr y sus trdopds.
Snr `e`opan, pu`m` qu` t`lgds qu` trdjdedr bnl ul odlhpuadmnr y ln pu`mds
m`edr tu trdjden,
y ln pu`m`s n lnbnl
bnrtdr quh`rds kdb`ran. Nd pu`m`s
èa n p`rm`räs tnmd tu t`l`r ul idohahdr
idohahd. odlhpuadmnr
Su`m` qu` t` sh`ltds
dtrdpdmn ` hlbdpdz m` sdahr pnr vdrhds rdznl`s, bnon ads ihldlbh`rds. ]da v`z
t`lgds khens bnl `a odlhpuadmnr y m`jds kdjadr bnl èa n `aad pnr `a r`stn m` tu
vhmd bnl r`sp`btn d ans lhôns. Ad pdt`rlhmdm bnleultd ln t`rohld
dutnoäthbdo`lt` budlmn ans khens buopa`l ans mh`bhnbkn dôns6 d v`b`s, th`l`s
qu` bnlthludr ad r`adbhòl bnl `a pdmr` n ad odmr` kdstd ad vhmd dmuatd m` tus
khens, y m`j`l `stdr eultns pdrd ads jnmds, grdmudbhnl`s, lh`tns, `tb. m` tus
khens. N tda v`z kdy ul dohgn odlhpuadmnr `l su grupn qu` a` gustd d tnmns
ans m`oäs. Kdy hlluo`rdja`s rdznl`s pnr ads qu` pu`m`s `stdr dtrdpdmn bnl
ul odlhpuadmnr `l tu vhmd. Hrs` ln sh`opr` `s uld npbhòl vhdja`.
 

@sn `stä jh`l. Snrqu` pu`m`s odl`edr iäbhao`lt` ans odlhpuadmnr`s.

4. @a prho`r pdsn `s ahohtdr
ahohtdr `a bnltdbtn bnl ad
ad p`rsnld. @
@vïtdan
vïtdan tdltn bnon
pu`mds rdznldja`o`lt`. Ahohtdr `a bnltdbtn a` md o`lns th`opn pdrd
 eugdr bnl su o`lt`. Hlt`ltd dôdmhr iu`lt`s m` da`grïd d tu vhmd pdrd qu`
pu`mds `sbdpdr m` su l`gdthvhmdm y `op`zdr d daho`ltdr tu daod.
]òo`s` ul th`opn pdrd ust`m ohson pdrd qu` pu`md r`bup`rdrs` m`a
mdôn qu` vh`l` bnl ads hlt`rdbbhnl`s bnl `st` onlstrun.
:. @a s`gulmn pdsn `s padl`dr tu tu `sbdp`. ]da v`z ln pu`mds `sbdpdr dknrd.
S`rn sh m`sdrrnaads ul padl y t` iheds `l ads npnrtulhmdm`s m` `sbdpdr m`
`std p`rsnld, pu`m`s `op`zdr d pr`pdrdrt` pdrd ad ahj`rtdm. Pl ihlda
pu`m` `stdr d ad vhstd. Kdz uld o`td pdrd m`edr d `std p`rsnld dträs `l ad
vhmd tdl prnltn bnon s`d pnshja`. Md pdsns kdbhd tu o`td bdmd mïd. Ròan
`l ulns pnbns bdsns lulbd, lulbd pnmräs `sbdpdr m` ul odlhpuadmnr,
dsï qu` sh t` dp`gds d tu padl m` `sbdpdr, `v`ltudao`lt` an kdräs. Ad
vhmd bdojhd y ad g`lt` shgu` dm`adlt`. Ln `stdräs dtrdpdmn `l `std
shtudbhòl pdrd sh`opr`. Odltèl tu jdrjhaad `l datn y odltèl tus nens `l
`a nje`thvn ihlda.
2. @a t`rb`r pdsn `s `vhtdr bnoprdr sus eu`gns. Mhgdons qu` hlt`ltd
`lb`lm`rt` bnl gds. Ln `oph`b`s d mhsbuthr bnl èa, d aanrdr, d dbtudr bnl
hrd, n d grdjdran pdrd prnjdr qu` th`l`s rdzòl. Ròan `lbng` ans knojrns
y mh, "NF". Ln a` gustdrä ad idbhahmdm bnl ad qu` gdlò `a eu`gn pnrqu`
a` gustd ad aubkd y a` gustd ona`stdrt`. Lulbd a` ou`str`s qu` t` kd
ona`stdmn, pnrqu` dsï `s bnon gdld m` v`rmdm. @l v`z m` `sn, trägdt`
tu nrguaan y mha` qu` th`l` rdzòl. Srnltn s` djurrhrä y pdsdrä d su
pròxhod vïbthod. @ltnlb`s ln t`lmräs qu` ahmhdr oäs bnl èa.
=. m`e`s
@a budrtn pdsn
gdldr `s `vhtdr kdb`r
drguo`ltns, p`rn anlnqu` r`dao`lt`
th`l`s quh`r`.
qu` kdb`r an Su`m`
qu` t`qu` a`
mhb`.
Mhgdons qu` hlt`ltd qu` rnopds bnl daguh`l. Su`m`s m`bhra` qu` th`l`
rdzòl y qu` rnop`räs bnl `sd p`rsnld, p`rn lulbd an kdgds. A` vnav`rä
anbn qu` ln t`lgd bnltrna snjr` th. Nmhdrä qu` kdgds an qu` quh`rds. N
us`ons ntrn `e`opan5 m`bhm` kdb`r `sbdlmdan y dv`rgnlzdrt` `l uld
ih`std pdrd qu` t` vdyds t`oprdln y kdgds an qu` èa quh`rd. Ròan
hglòrdan bnl uld snlrhsd `l tu bdrd. Ln t` vdyds m` ad ih`std kdstd qu`
`stès jh`l y ahstd. Hlbausn pu`m`s s`guhr mhbhèlmna`, "¡Rï, lns hr`ons!"
p`rn au`gn ln an kdgds. R`r dodja` `l v`z m` bnojdthvn an m`sdrodrä y
`vhtdrä
y ln an qu`
qu` p`a`` bnlthgn, oh`ltrds tõ shgu`s kdbh`lmn an qu` tõ quh`r`s
èa quh`r`.
 

Su`m` qu` hlt`lt` kdb`rt` mdôn pdrd bdsthgdrt` pnr ln kdb`r an qu` quh`r`.
Snmrïd m`sdbr`mhtdrt`, n m`bhrt` bnsds qu` t` kh`r`l prniulmdo`lt`. Ln m`e`s
qu` t` di`bt`. M`t`rohl` s`guhr dm`adlt` y r`pdrdr `a mdôn. @oph`zd d trdjdedr
`l ad r`bup`rdbhòl m` hlo`mhdtn. R`r r`shst`lt` m` `std odl`rd an r`p`a`rä.
Y`rä qu` ln `r`s uld vïbthod iäbha y pdsdrä d daguh`l qu` sï an s`d. Budlmn
`oph`b`
hglòrdan nd r`spòlm`a`
ona`stdrt`,dodja`o`lt`
trdtdlmn m` yprnvnbdr
ln bdhgdstu`lhrdad ntrdopd.
trhst`zd, shopa`o`lt`
Hlt`ltd prnjdr d
ans m`oäs qu` ln khbhst` an qu` èa mhb`.
]u o`lt` `s oäs vual`rdja` m` an qu` br``s. ]nmn `a oulmn `s s`lshja` d ad
sug`sthòl, dsï qu` pu`m`s bd`r iäbhao`lt` pr`sd m` odlhpuadmnr`s shl qu`r`r.
S`rn tdojhèl th`l`s oäs pnm`r snjr` tu prnphd o`lt` m` an qu` br``s. Su`m`s
prnt`g`r tu o`lt` y janqu`dr ans hlt`ltns m` ans odlhpuadmnr`s.
Ad o`enr odl`rd m` janqu`dr tu o`lt` `s gdldr ul sdaumdja` s`lthmn m` donr
prnphn y bnlihdlzd `l th ohson. Rh br``s `l th ohson, ln m`edräs qu` ans
m`oäs s` o`tdl bnl tu s`lthmn m` dutn`sthod y i`ahbhmdm. Ln bd`räs `l ans
trubns y eu`gns m` dutn`sthod m` ans odlhpuadmnr`s. Käja`s` d sï ohson
dodja`o`lt`, bnon sh iu`rd su prnphn o`enr dohgn. Mdt` `a gustn m` kdb`r
bnsds jnlhtds n m` hr d ul spd u ntrds `xp`rh`lbhds. Dth`lm` tus l`b`shmdm`s
bnon uld prhnrhmdm y ln t` sh`ltds oda pnr s`r `gnïstd d v`b`s. Pst`m m`j` s`r
an prho`rn. ]us l`b`shmdm`s hopnrtdl y tõ hopnrtds. Z`bu`rmd `stn sh`opr`.
Oubkd g`lt` th`l` jded dutn`sthod y s` sh`lt` oda pnr buhmdrs` d sï ohsons,
an qu` ans kdb` vual`rdja`s d ans odlhpuadmnr`s ds`shlns y `stdidmnr`s.
M`j` vhghadr buhmdmnsdo`lt` y m` b`rbd sus dsultns p`rsnlda`s. Ln r`v`a`
m`odshdmn d oubkd g`lt`. Bnlnb` jh`l d daguh`l y ohm` su shlb`rhmdm d an
adrgn m`a th`opn `l jds` d bòon trdtd d ans m`oäs dlt`s m` `op`zdr d r`v`adr
bnsds bnon an qu` dods, an qu` nmhds n m` an qu` `r`s buapdja`. Ad bnlihdlzd
`s pr`bhnsd y ln m`j`rïds bnlihdr `l oubkd g`lt`, `sp`bhdao`lt` `l dqu`aans
qu` pdr`b`l ouy bnlihdja`s budlmn ans bnlnb`s pnr prho`rd v`z. Ans
odlhpuadmnr`s pu`m`l `lgdôdrt`, dsï qu` ln euzgu`s dpr`surdmdo`lt` `a
ju`l bdräbt`r m` daguh`l.
]dojhèl pu`m`s mdra` ad vu`atd d ad tnrthaad d daguh`l kdbh`lmn an bnltrdrhn m`
an qu` quh`r`. Snr `e`opan, sh trdtd m` kdb`rt` bd`r, mha` qu` pr`ih`r`s s`r
pnshthvn y trdtd m` hlsphrdran pdrd qu` èa tdojhèl an s`d. Rh hlt`ltd kdb`rt`
mumdr m` th ohson, mha` qu` t` sh`lt`s bòonmn bnl quh`l `r`s. Rh quh`r`
qu`edrs` y drruhldr
m`j`rïd hlt`ltdr dagn, mïgda`
mhv`rthrs`. Ln qu` ust`m
aubk`s bnls`èa,
`stä mhvhrth`lmn
p`rn tdopnbnykdgds
qu` èaantdojhèl
qu` èa
 

quh`r`. @stn an vnav`rä anbn y `v`ltudao`lt` an kdrä r`trnb`m`r. Hlbausn

pu`m`s kdb`r uld mhi`r`lbhd pnshthvd `l su dbthtum. Ln tnmns ans
odlhpuadmnr`s quh`r`l s`r p`rsnlds t`rrhja`s6 oubkns m` `aans shopa`o`lt`
ln sdj`l bòon bnls`guhr an qu` quh`r`l m` inrod sdld.
 

dpt`r 75  ¾Bòon trdtdr bnl ad g`lt` qu` `s

odlhpuadmnrd pnr ldturda`zd>
]`lgdl buhmdmn m` ln p`rm`r `a bnltdbtn bnl ad r`dahmdm. M` an bnltrdrhn,
bnrr` `a rh`sgn m` s`r dtrnp`aadmn pnr ul odlhpuadmnr. Ad jõsqu`md m` ad
r`dahmdm m`j` mhrhghrs` da oulmn `xt`rhnr y da hlt`rhnr m` uln ohson. Pld
dutn`vdaudbhòl r`dahstd `s ul r`quhshtn hopnrtdlt` pdrd ad `vdaudbhòl ihdja` m`
ntrds är`ds. Dqu`aans qu` euzgdl oda sus prnphds bdpdbhmdm`s s` v`l
iäbhao`lt` `l bnliahbtn bnl ad r`dahmdm. Snr an tdltn, prho`rn, trdt` m` njt`l`r
`a dutnbnlnbhoh`ltn.
R`d brïthbn bnl budaquh`r hlt`ltn m` `lt`lm`r ad r`dahmdm d trdvès m`a a`lgude`.
@a a`lgude` sh`opr` sòan `opued uld bnsd5
Pld ph`mrd pu`m` odrthaadr, ul drod, ul prny`btha, uld enyd n ul `sbnojrn, y
uld padltd pu`m` mdr dmnrlns, padthaans, o`mhbhlds, v`g`tda`s n kh`rjds.
S`rsnld, hlbausn
s`lthmn, ln ad ph`mrddjsnautns,
kdy k`bkns y ad padltd ln sh`opr`
shln snl lh ansòan
ulnk`bkns
lh an ntrn. @l `st`
trdlsohthmns
ahlgñïsthbdo`lt` y pnr an tdltn hlt`rpr`tdmns ` hlt`rpr`tdja`s. @siuèrb`ls` pnr
s`pdrdr ad m`sbrhpbhòl, ad `vdaudbhòl y ad hlt`rpr`tdbhòl bnon mhi`r`lt`s.
Hlt`ltd `sbrhjhr uld päghld prho`rn y au`gn hlt`rpr`tdrad. ¡Hltèltdan prho`rn,
dlt`s m` s`guhr a`y`lmn!
Pld m`sbrhpbhòl pnmrïd s`r5 M`shgldbhòl m`a odt`rhda5 Sdp`a k`bkn m`
b`auansd. Inrod5 440 v`b`s 44; v`b`s 3,4 ohaïo`trns. Bnanr5 ;3% jadlbn,
:3% l`grn6 Mhsp`rsd `a bnanr l`grn snjr` `a pdp`a m` odl`rd m`shguda `l
p`qu`ôds aïl`ds burvds.
Pld hlt`rpr`tdbhòl pnmrïd s`r dsï5 Ads p`qu`ôds aïl`ds l`grds snl shglns.
]h`l`l ul prnpòshtn. Rnl a`trds. Ads a`trds snl janqu`s m` bnlstrubbhòl pdrd
ads pdadjrds. Ads pdadjrds inrodl irds`s y t`xtns. Budaquh`rd qu` kdyd
dpr`lmhmn d a``r `stns shglns y bnlnzbd `a a`lgude` bnrr`spnlmh`lt` pu`m`
sdbdr su shglhihbdmn m` `aans. Ans shglns shglhihbdl... @stny m` dbu`rmn bnl `a
bnlt`lhmn m`a odt`rhda `sbrhtn, `tb.
Mns bnsds s` dbadrdl5
Hlbausn ad m`sbrhpbhòl oäs `xdbtd `stä tnmdvïd a`ens m` ans k`bkns `l sï.
Ad m`sbrhpbhòl y ad hlt`rpr`tdbhòl s` o`zbadl bnlstdlt`o`lt` `l `a usn
bnoõl.
 

]dojhèl pu`m`s eugdr uld v`z da shguh`lt` eu`gn5 Hlt`rpr`tdr ans k`bkns
da`gdmns `l uld mhr`bbhòl mhi`r`lt`5
•  Pld jdtdaad p`rmhmd s` bnlvh`rt` `l uld r`thrdmd `strdtèghbd,
•  Pld o`mhmd m` odlt`lhoh`ltn m` ad pdz m` ul dtdqu`,
•  @a snjr`p`sn shglhihbd gudpn n r`pr`s`ltdthvn,
•  Pld jdlbdrrntd hlohl`lt` s` bnlvh`rt` `l ad tdr`d m` r`mubhr ad sdaum,
•  Pl jurm`a s` bnlvh`rt` `l ul spd pdrd knojr`s.
Dojns lnojr`s s` r`ih`r`l d ad ohsod r`dahmdm p`rn ans bdahihbdons m` inrod
mhi`r`lt`. Rh quh`r`s odlt`l`r ans nens djh`rtns da oulmn r`da, m`j`s `vhtdr
ans `squ`ods bnlb`ptuda`s rïghmns. Hlt`lt` s`r ia`xhja` `l ad `a`bbhòl m`
pdadjrds, prdbthqu` odadjdr`s bnl ads pdadjrds, bnlshm`r` pnshja`s mhi`r`lt`s
shst`ods bnlb`ptuda`s y uthaïb`ans `l su prnphn vdanr pdrd sï ohsons.
¾Tuhèl pu`m` s`r m`sbrhtn pnaïthbdo`lt` sòan d trdvès m` ans tèrohlns
hzquh`rmd y m`r`bkd n p`lsdoh`ltn prngr`shstd y r`dbbhnldrhn> Ad g`lt` `s
`ltnlb`s
Sdrd ul badshihbdmd pnr uln ybnon
dläahshs dm`budmn pdrdm``lbnltrdr
hzquh`rmd snaubhnl`s
y `a ntrn bnon r`dbbhnldrhn.
shglhihbdthvds, `s
hopnrtdlt` r`bnlnb`r qu` ad t`rohlnangïd njsna`td ln pu`m` r`ia`edr uld
r`dahmdm bdojhdlt`, d o`lumn n `l pdrt`, y m`j` s`r susthtuhmd n
bnopa`o`ltdmd pnr lu`vns bnlb`ptns. Ans prnja`ods m` ad ganjdahzdbhòl y
uld pnshja` bdtästrni` bahoäthbd sòan pu`m`l djnrmdrs` bnl bnopa`eds
o`mhmds hlt`ahg`lt`s dlt` ul oulmn ouathpnadr y oubkds pnshja`s snaubhnl`s
pnaïthbds y tèblhbds. Mdmn qu` ad mhsthlbhòl `ltr` hzquh`rmd y m`r`bkd yd ln
dyumd, yd qu` `s oäs idbthja` tèblhbdo`lt` n ln, d ihldlbhdr n ln, d s`r
pnaïthbdo`lt` `xhghja` n ln y d vhsudahzdr `stds bnsds m` uld inrod dohgdja`
pdrd ans o`mhns m` bnoulhbdbhòl, d dpnydr ad odynr bdlthmdm m` `aads bnon
s`d pnshja`. Dsï pu`s, s` r`quh`r` uld t`rohlnangïd bnopa`tdo`lt` lu`vd
pdrd pnm`r bnoulhbdr m` odl`rd r`dahstd.
]dojhèl nburr` an bnltrdrhn5 R` djusd m` oubkns tèrohlns `bnaòghbns pdrd
usthihbdr y bdouiadr `a bnopnrtdoh`ltn dlth`bnaòghbn5 jden `a lnojr` m`
jhnbnojusthja`, s` kd bnlstruhmn tnmd uld rdod m` ad hlmustrhd `l tnmn `a
oulmn bnl oubkn dpadusn põjahbn. Oh`ltrds tdltn, s` kd m`onstrdmn qu`
`st` bnojusthja` `stä m`sbdahihbdmn m` tr`s odl`rds5
Ln prnvh`l` m` ad dgrhbuaturd nrgälhbd, shln m` padltds g`lèthbdo`lt`
onmhihbdmds.
Sdrd prnmubhr ul ahtrn m` bnojusthja` d pdrthr m` èa, s` bnlsuo`l =333 ahtrns
 

m` dgud murdlt` `a buathvn.

Mdmn qu` ul grdl lõo`rn m` buathvns qu` dlt`s s` uthahzdjdl pdrd ad
prnmubbhòl m` daho`ltns s` bnlvhrth`rnl `l buathvns pdrd bnojusthja`, ans
daho`ltns jäshbns s` `lbdr`bh`rnl `l tnmn `a oulmn, an qu` yd kd prnvnbdmn
mhsturjhns `l dagulns pdïs`s `l m`sdrrnaan.
M`a ohson onmn, p`lsdr `l ads bdt`gnrïds @st` y N`st` kd hop`mhmn murdlt`
oubkn th`opn ad mhsthlbhòl `ltr` `a Lnrt` y `a Rur, n `ltr` ans pdïs`s
hlmustrhdahzdmns y ans pdïs`s `l m`sdrrnaan. Oh`ltrds tdltn, `stns tèrohlns
tdojhèl `stäl njsna`tns y s` kdjad m` o`rbdmns `o`rg`lt`s, m` `bnlnoïds `l
räphmn m`sdrrnaan y m` dqu`aads qu` ln kdb`l ad bnl`xhòl bnl `a m`sdrrnaan
oulmhda. @std mhsthlbhòl s` kd vhstn `lsnojr`bhmd m`sm` `a dtdqu` t`rrnrhstd
m`a 44 m` s`pth`ojr` m` :334 bnltrd `a Wnram ]rdm` B`lt`r m` Lu`vd Xnrf y
ads gu`rrds pnst`rhnr`s `l `a Digdlhstäl y `a Hrdq `l ans õathons dôns, uld
s`pdrdbhòl `ltr` `a oulmn hsaäohbn y `a r`stn m`a oulmn. Ad dsnbhdbhòl `s
hsaäohbd ? p`ahgrnsd. R`gurdo`lt` `std ln `s uld mhsthlbhòl r`dao`lt`
dm`budmd. @a oulmn y tdojhèl ans `stdmns hsaäohbns snl oubkn oäs
bnopa`ens.
Ans bnlb`ptns ihens su`a`l mnohldr uld p`rb`pbhòl m` ad r`dahmdm `l ad
bnlbh`lbhd qu` kd `stdmn njsna`td murdlt` oubkns dôns n mèbdmds,
hophmh`lmn dsï `a odl`en dm`budmn m` ans lu`vns dvdlb`s. @l oubkns bdsns,
`sds ihedbhnl`s bnlb`ptuda`s snl pnaïthbdo`lt` hlt`lbhnldmds pnrqu`, `l uld
rumho`ltdrhd mhsthlbhòl jäshbd `ltr` `a jh`l y `a oda, eusthihbdl ad aubkd bnltrd
ans odans. Ln s` m`e` `lgdôdr pnr ans bnlb`ptns. ]da v`z tnmns snl sòan ul
dsp`btn n lhv`a m` ad r`dahmdm6 tda v`z tnmns eultns snl "v`rmdm`rns". Snr an
tdltn, bnopru`j` sus tèrohlns y sòan uthahb` dqu`aans qu` r`dao`lt`
bnrr`spnlmdl d su p`rsphbdbhd ` hlt`lbhòl.
 

dpt`r ;5  @a a`lgude` bnrpnrda bnon shgln m`

odlhpuadbhòl.
Ads pdrt`s m`a bu`rpn qu` dldahzdr`ons snl ads shguh`lt`s5 nens, jnbd, bdj`zd,
jrdzns, odlns, dpr`tnl`s m` odlns, ph`rlds y ph`s, `spdbhn p`rsnlda. Rh
ou`v` ad bdj`zd räphmdo`lt`, prnjdja`o`lt` `stè ouy hopdbh`lt` pnr sdj`r
bòon a``r `a a`lgude` bnrpnrda.
Ans nens th`l`l uld `lnro` hopnrtdlbhd `l lu`strn a`lgude` bnrpnrda5 jdstd
p`lsdr qu` `a s`r kuodln `s bdpdz m` kdb`r bnltdbtn vhsuda bnl ntrn s`r
kuodln hlbausn d 83 n 4:3 ph`s m` mhstdlbhd. ]dojhèl kdy uld `str`bkd
r`adbhòl `ltr` ans nens y `a b`r`jrn5 ohrdr d ad m`r`bkd `s tïphbn m` daguh`l qu`
`stä `l uld ids` br`dthvd oh`ltrds qu` ohrdr d ad hzquh`rmd su`a` t`l`r qu` v`r
bnl ad o`onrhd.
K` dquï uld pnshja` a`bturd m` dagulds s`ôda`s qu` `lvhdons d ntrns (n qu`
ntrns lns `lvïdl) d trdvès m` ans nens5
•  Ohrdr d ad m`r`bkd hlmhbd br`dr, idjrhbdr bnl ad hodghldbhòl
(tdojhèl `l `a s`lthmn m` o`lthr)6 sh `stä djden pu`m` shglhihbdr
qu` ad p`rsnld `stä sdbdlmn m` sus s`lsdbhnl`s hlt`rlds n qu`
th`l` s`lthoh`ltns6
•  Ohrdr d ad hzquh`rmd shglhihbd usdr ad o`onrhd, r`bnrmdr,
r`bup`rdr k`bkns6 sh s` ohrd kdbhd drrhjd, hlmhbdl s`gurhmdm y
b`rt`zd6
•  @a bnltdbtn mhr`btn bnl ans nens da kdjadr hlmhbd knl`sthmdm, p`rn
tdojhèl pu`m` s`r nst`ltdmn pnr ans o`lthrnsns qu` sdj`l qu`
`stäl ohlth`lmn6
ou`strd oh`ltrds dqu`
hlt`rès, dt`lbhòl, da `sbubkdr,
v`b`s dtrdbbhòlpnr ntrn admn, s`
iïshbd6
•  @a `lsdlbkdoh`ltn m` ans nens `s tdojhèl uld s`ôda m` hlt`rès `l
ad ldturda`zd s`xuda6
•  Irntdrs` ans nens n ul nen hlmhbd dsnojrn, hlbr`muahmdm,
p`rturjdbhòl, `l dagulns bdsns djurrhoh`ltn n l`b`shmdm m`
mnrohr6
•  Snl`r ans nens `l jadlbn pu`m` shglhihbdr r`shgldbhòl y
irustrdbhòl6
•  Ad mhadtdbhòl m` ads puphads pu`m` `l dagulns bdsns hlmhbdr
`xbhtdbhòl
•  @a pdrpdm`nn pu`m`
m`s`n6hlmhbdr `xbhtdbhòl n dghtdbhòl6 sh ans nens
 

`stäl ihens, pu`m` hlmhbdr bnlb`ltrdbhòl n, budlmn s` mhrhg`l d

daguh`l, knsthahmdm6
•  A`vdltdr ads b`eds (n sòan uld b`ed) bnrr`spnlm` d ul sdaumn
dohstnsn budlmn ad dbbhòl `s m` bnrtd murdbhòl (b`ed iadsk)6 sh ads
b`eds p`rodl`b`l a`vdltdmds oäs th`opn `stn hlmhbd snrpr`sd,
oh`mn,
•  Snr p`rpa`ehmdm6
õathon, p`rn ln o`lns hopnrtdlt`, `a guhôn hlmhbd
bnopahbhmdm.
Ad jnbd s` dsnbhd bnl oubkds s`ôda`s m` a`lgude` bnrpnrda, kdyd n ln
bnoulhbdbhòl v`rjda. Rnlr`ïr `s shl mumd uln m` ans prho`rns shglns m`
dp`rturd d ans m`oäs. Dõl dsï, kdy oubkns thpns m` snlrhsd, dagulns m` ans
buda`s tdojhèl pu`m`l hlmhbdr r`bkdzn.
Dv`rhgñ`ons `a shglhihbdmn m` vdrhds s`ôda`s dsnbhdmds bnl `std pdrt` m`
lu`strn bu`rpn5
 
••  Rnlr`ïr
Rnlr`ïr dsòan bnlm`
trdvès ad ans
jnbdmh`lt`s
hlmhbddpr`tdmns
uld snlrhsd idasd, ln
shglhihbd shlb`rd6
r`bkdzn,
mhsgustn n m`sbnlihdlzd6
•  Rnlr`ïr dshoètrhbdo`lt`, bnl sòan uld pdrt` m` ad bdrd, hlmhbd
sdrbdson n bnltrdst`6
•  Ad prntuj`rdlbhd m`a adjhn hli`rhnr hlmhbd qu` `stä hrrhtdmn n
onvhmn (d pultn m` aanrdr)6
•  Z`ïr bnl ad jnbd djh`rtd hlmhbd, dbnopdôdlmn ad rhsd bnl
onvhoh`ltns bnrpnrda`s, qu` lns s`lthons bòonmns6
•  Onrm`rs` ans adjhns hlmhbd l`rvhnshson n t`lshòl (`l dagulns

bdsns,
uld shl `ojdrgn,
hlvhtdbhòl onrmhsqu`drs` ans adjhns tdojhèl pu`m` s`r
s`xuda)6
•  @a r`bkhldr m` mh`lt`s hlmhbd pr`nbupdbhòl, dlsh`mdm, oh`mn6
•  Odsthbdr ul jnaïgrdin n ul aäphz th`l` uld iulbhòl
trdlquhahzdmnrd bnon bkupdrs` `a puagdr y `l dagulns bdsns
iuodr ul bhgdrrhaan6
•  Snl`r ad a`lgud `l `a b`ltrn m` ad jnbd hlmhbd r`bkdzn, `s m`
k`bkn `a g`stn qu` kdb`ons budlmn pnl`ons dagn qu` ln lns
gustd `l ad jnbd6
•  B`rrdr ad jnbd bnl uld n mns odlns `s ul g`stn hlbnlsbh`lt` m`
dutnrr`guadbhòl qu` hlmhbd bnlonbhòl, dsnojrn, d v`b`s
v`rgñ`lzd, yd qu` `s bnon sh quhshèrdons janqu`dr ads pdadjrds
 

pdrd ln `xpr`sdr dagn odan6

•  Onrm`rs` ads uôds `s `a r`suatdmn m` uld shtudbhòl m` `strès,
dlsh`mdm y irustrdbhòl, pdrd dagulns r`pr`s`ltd uld inrod m`
dgr`shòl kdbhd uln ohson.
Ad bdj`zd th`lm` d m`t`rohldr ad mhr`bbhòl g`l`rda m`a bu`rpn. Rhl `ojdrgn,
tdojhèl `s uld pdrt` ouy vual`rdja` yd qu` bnlth`l` `a b`r`jrn. Bnon s`
dpnyd `l uld `strubturd ouy ia`xhja` (`a bu`aan), ad bdj`zd pu`m` onv`rs`
präbthbdo`lt` `l tnmds ads mhr`bbhnl`s y tnmns `stns onvhoh`ltns `stäl
dsnbhdmns bnl ans shglhihbdmns m`a a`lgude` bnrpnrda5
•  Ds`lthr bnl ad bdj`zd shglhihbd qu` `stä m` dbu`rmn bnl lu`strn
hlt`ranbutnr, p`rn sh an kdb` m`odshdmn m`spdbhn pnmrïd s`r ul
shgln m` idas`mdm, m`odshdmn räphmn m` hopdbh`lbhd6
•  A`vdltdr ad bdj`zd kdbhd drrhjd hlmhbd nrguaan, drrngdlbhd p`rn `l
dagulns bdsns tdojhèl bnrde`, vhghadlbhd6
•  Hlbahldr ad bdj`zd kdbhd ul admn hlmhbd suohshòl, ad `xpnshbhòl
m`a bu`aan `s ul shgln m` bnlihdlzd6
•  Hlbahldr ad bdj`zd kdbhd dm`adlt` bnoulhbd hlt`rès, pnshthvhmdm, sh
`l bdojhn kdbhd djden pu`m` hlmhbdr nje`bhòl n m`sdprnjdbhòl6
•  Rdbumhr ad bdj`zd, `sp`bhdao`lt` sh `s `lèrghbdo`lt`, hlmhbd
m`sdbu`rmn6
•  Hlbahldr ad bdj`zd snjr` `a p`bkn hlmhbd v`rgñ`lzd, djdlmnln,
m`rrntd.
Ans jrdzns snl hlmhbdmnr`s r`adthvdo`lt` ihdja`s m`a `stdmn m` älhon m` uld
p`rsnld5 dpr`tdr ans jrdzns pnr `e`opan hlmhbd m`i`lsd, oh`ltrds qu` djrhr ans

jrdzns, odlt`l`r
dp`rturd. ads pdaods
Y`ons ntrns shglns djh`rtds ir`lt`
m` qu` s` d ust`m,
pu`m` kdjadrbnoulhbd s`gurhmdm
d trdvès m`a a`lgude`y
bnrpnrda dsnbhdmn d ans jrdzns, tdojhèl `l bnojhldbhòl bnl ntrds pdrt`s m`a
bu`rpn5
•  Bruzdr ans jrdzns y ads ph`rlds `s ul shgln m` m`i`lsd, sh ans
puôns tdojhèl s` bh`rrdl bnl knsthahmdm6
•  B`ôhr ul jrdzn bnl `a ntrn, ul g`stn tïphbn m` ads oue`r`s, hlmhbd
l`rvhnshson n dutnprnt`bbhòl6
•  Aa`vdr ans jrdzns d ad `spdamd bnl ads odlns bruzdmds, tïphbn m`
ans knojr`s, hlmhbd iu`rzd, dutnrhmdm, bnlihdlzd `l sï ohson6
•  Bnanbdr ul jrdzn
pu`m` hlmhbdr `l ad o`sddsï
l`rvhnshson, bnlbnon
ul nje`tn
rdsbdr`l
ul`ajrdzn
admn unpu`stn
knojrn
 

bnl ad odln npu`std6

•  Rnst`l`r `a jrdzn ir`lt` da bu`rpn, `sp`bhdao`lt` sh ad odln `stä
b`rbd m` ans g`lhtda`s, hlmhbd m`i`lsd, dutnprnt`bbhòl (`s tïphbn
m` ads oue`r`s qu` snsth`l`l `a jnasn m` knojrn `l `a ir`lt`
bnon sh quhsh`rdl br`dr uld jdrr`rd dmhbhnlda).
@a a`lgude` bnrpnrda qu` hlvnaubrd d ads odlns `s `xt`lsn, tdojhèl pnrqu`
th`lm`l d hlt`rdbtudr bnl oubkds ntrds pdrt`s m`a bu`rpn6 dm`oäs, ans g`stns
odluda`s sòan r`spnlm`l pdrbhdao`lt` d uld dbbhòl vnaultdrhd, ad odynrïd m`
ads v`b`s snl onvhoh`ltns hlvnaultdrhns, bnon tnbdr ad ldrhz. @e`opans m`
s`ôda`s bnlsbh`lt`s snl kdb`r `a NF bnl `a puagdr a`vdltdmn n sdaumdr6 d
v`b`s tdojhèl usdons ads odlns vnaultdrhdo`lt` pdrd bnoulhbdr, pnr
`e`opan, `a tdodôn m` ul nje`tn. Dquï `stäl ads pnshja`s hlt`rpr`tdbhnl`s m`
dagulds s`ôda`s bnl ads odlns5
•  A`vdltdr ad pdaod djh`rtd kdbhd drrhjd `s ul shgln m` suohshòl,
knl`sthmdm y pdz mdmn qu` "ln th`l`s lhlgõl drod `l tu odln"6
•  A`vdltdr ads odlns m`adlt` m` ad bdrd bnl ans m`mns djh`rtns `s
uld pnshbhòl m`i`lshvd, d v`b`s ni`lshvd, dsï bnon jdedr ads
odlns n ans puôns6
•  Snl`r ad odln snjr` `a bnrdzòl hlmhbd shlb`rhmdm, ad vnaultdm m`
s`r br`ïmn6
•  R`ôdadr bnl `a m`mn d uld p`rsnld `s ul shgln m` do`ldzd, m`
dgr`shòl6 sh s` s`ôdad bnl `a m`mn kdbhd drrhjd, `s tïphbn m` uld
p`rsnld qu` quh`r` dôdmhr èlidshs d an qu` `stä mhbh`lmn6
•  Onv`r `a ïlmhb` m` ul admn d ntrn bnoulhbd ad l`gdthvd6
•  Dpnydr ads pultds m` ans m`mns m` uld odln snjr` ads m`a ntrn
admn inrodlmn ul trhälguan `s tïphbn m` daguh`l qu` `stä
r`ia`edlmn n `xpahbdlmn dagn bnopa`en6 onv`r ans m`mns `ltr` sï
bnon sh hohtdrd d uld drdôd `l ul `sp`en duo`ltd ad
bnlb`ltrdbhòl y `a r`ia`en6
•  @a onvhoh`ltn m` ads pdaods m` ads odlns kdbhd drrhjd y kdbhd
djden bnrr`spnlm` d ad l`b`shmdm m` odlt`l`r ad bdaod (ul g`stn
uthahzdmn d o`lumn pnr ans prni`snr`s pdrd odlt`l`r d rdyd uld
bads`)6
•  Irntdrs` ads odlns hlmhbd uld `xp`btdthvd pnshthvd, sdjnr`dr uld
vhbtnrhd n ul r`suatdmn dgrdmdja` m` dlt`odln6
•  ]nbdrs` n rdsbdrs` ad ldrhz bnl ads odlns oh`ltrds s` kdjad
 

hlmhbd qu` s` `stä ohlth`lmn n `xdg`rdlmn `a bnlt`lhmn m` ad

hlinrodbhòl.
•  Bujrhrs` ads nr`eds bnl ads odlns `s ul g`stn m` r`bkdzn, `l
bdojhn thrdr m`a aòjuan m` ad nr`ed pu`m` hlmhbdr hlm`bhshòl6
•  Dbdrhbhdr `a o`ltòl bnl ads odlns, ul g`stn rdrn `l ads oue`r`s
p`rn ir`bu`lt`
dagn6 sh `a admn `l ans knojr`s,
dpnyd hlmhbd
ad odlmïjuad qu` s` qu`
shglhihbd `stäs`
p`lsdlmn
`stä `l
r`ia`xhnldlmn snjr` què kdb`r bnl dagn, p`rn sh ad dbbhòl s`
prnanlgd tdojhèl pu`m` hlmhbdr bdlsdlbhn, djurrhoh`ltn6
•  Zdsbdrs` `a bu`aan su`a` hlmhbdr mumd, hlbr`muahmdm6
•  Dpr`tdr ad ouô`bd bnl uld odln pu`m` hlmhbdr dlsh`mdm,
pr`nbupdbhòl, `sp`bhdao`lt` sh ad ouô`bd s` ghrd m`ltrn m`a
gdlbkn vdrhds v`b`s.
•  Snl`r ads odlns `l ans jnashaans hlmhbd m`shlt`rès, djurrhoh`ltn,
l`gdthvd d dbtudr.
Ad ihro`zd m` ul dpr`tòl m` odlns, dlt`s r`s`rvdmn sòan pdrd ans knojr`s,
p`rn dknrd tdojhèl `xt`lmhmn d ads oue`r`s, ln `s ul hlmhbdmnr ihdja` m` ad
m`t`rohldbhòl m`a bdräbt`r, p`rn oubkns br``l qu` sï an `s. Rhl `ojdrgn, `a
dpr`tòl m` odlns pu`m` m`bhr oubkds bnsds snjr` lnsntrns y lu`strd r`adbhòl
bnl ans m`oäs5
•  @a dpr`tòl m` odlns bnl ad pdaod kdbhd djden hlmhbd
mnohlhn, vnaultdm m` tnodr `a bnltrna6
•  Pl dpr`tòl m` odlns bnl ad pdaod kdbhd drrhjd bnoulhbd
dp`rturd, knsphtdahmdm6
•  @a dpr`tòl m` odlns d mns odlns `l dagulns bdsns hlmhbd
knl`sthmdm, ihdjhahmdm, di`btn, `l ntrns pdt`rldahson n hlt`ltn
m` bnltrnadr d ad p`rsnld qu` `stä m`adlt` m` ust`m (hlbausn
budlmn `a s`gulmn rnm`d `a jrdzn npu`stn)6
•  Pl dpr`tòl m` odlns vhgnrnsn hlmhbd `ltushdson, vhgnr,
hlt`ltn m` trdlsi`rhr `l`rgïd d ans m`oäs6
•  Pl dpr`tòl m` odlns mèjha ln `stä l`b`sdrhdo`lt`
r`adbhnldmn bnl ul bdräbt`r suohsn, d o`lumn m`p`lm` m`
ntrns idbtnr`s bnon `a `stdmn m` älhon, ad p`rt`l`lbhd d ul
gèl`rn, ad `mdm, ad prni`shòl (ans oõshbns n bhruedlns pu`m`l
t`l`r dpr`tnl`s m` odlns m`ahbdmns pnrqu` ads odlns snl su
k`rrdoh`ltd m` trdjden, pnr an qu` kdy qu` trdtdrads bnl
 

pr`bdubhòl)
•  Pl ihro` dpr`tòl m` odlns tdojhèl `l `st` bdsn `vhtdlmn
dsnbhdrs` bnl ul bdräbt`r iu`rt`, pnmrïd s`r `l bdojhn ul
hlt`ltn m` `lodsbdrdr ad prnphd m`jhahmdm n odads hlt`lbhnl`s
bnon ad vnaultdm m` `sbnlm`rs` n kdb`r mdôn.
Ads ph`rlds y ans ph`s pu`m`l prnpnrbhnldr phstds õtha`s snjr` ans
s`lthoh`ltns y ans `stdmns m` älhon, sh`opr` qu` s` pu`mdl m`sbhirdr ans
shglns. Rhl `ojdrgn, t`lgd sh`opr` pr`s`lt` qu` ad pnshbhòl m` ads ph`rlds
tdojhèl di`btd da gèl`rn (ans knojr`s su`a`l odlt`l`r ads ph`rlds oäs
djh`rtds qu` ads oue`r`s), d ad `mubdbhòl y d ad `mdm (ans dlbhdlns, tdltn pnr
prnja`ods m` drthbuadbhnl`s bnon pnr `mubdbhòl, th`lm`l d odlt`l`r ads
ph`rlds oäs `str`bkds budlmn `stäl s`ltdmns snado`lt`)5
•  @stdr s`ltdmn bnl ads ph`rlds bruzdmds hlmhbd prum`lbhd,
bnlihm`lbhdahmdm (`l dagulns bdsns sh tdojhèl ou`strd
m`shlt`rès), `sd mhspnlhjhahmdm djh`rtd, dp`rturd6
•  Ads ph`rlds pdrda`ads bnl ads rnmhaads jh`l b`rrdmds budlmn s` `stä
s`ltdmn snl ad tïphbd dbthtum i`o`lhld qu` hlmhbd ju`lns onmda`s
n oh`mn6
•  Dpultdr ads rnmhaads kdbhd daguh`l bnl ads ph`rlds bruzdmds hlmhbd
hlt`rès `l `sd p`rsnld6
•  B`rrdr ads ph`rlds bruzdmds odlt`lh`lmn ads ph`rlds
hlm`p`lmh`lt`s `s uld pnsturd s`gurd qu` m`lntd ul bdräbt`r
djh`rtn y pnbn bnlv`lbhnlda6 sh, pnr `a bnltrdrhn, ads ph`rlds
`stäl rnm`dmds pnr ans jrdzns, ad pnshbhòl hlmhbd dutnprnt`bbhòl6
•  Ads ph`rlds djh`rtds budlmn s` `stä s`ltdmn (`sp`bhdao`lt` `l ans
knojr`s) hlmhbdl drrngdlbhd, bnlihdlzd `l sï ohson, y `l
dagulns bdsns ul hlt`rès s`xuda g`l`rdahzdmn (ads rnmhaads ln sòan
dpultdl kdbhd ul õlhbn sue`tn shln kdbhd ul põjahbn oäs
dopahn)6
•  Ads ph`rlds `ltr`adzdmds oh`ltrds s` `stä s`ltdmn (`l ad k`ojrd)
pu`m`l hlmhbdr hlt`rès s`xuda da `stdr `xpu`std ad pdrt` hlt`rld
m`a ousan n hls`gurhmdm, jusbdr prnt`bbhòl (snjr` tnmn sh s`
bnanbdl ads odlns `l `a hlt`rhnr)6
•  Dpr`tdr ads rnmhaads bnl ads odlns oh`ltrds s` `stä s`ltdmn bnl
ads ph`rlds pdrda`ads hlmhbd uld dbthtum m`i`lshvd, n qu` s` `stä
hlbòonmn.
 

dpt`r 85  ]èblhbds m` odlhpuadbhòl

@a bnltrna o`ltda `s ul tèrohln dopahn qu` pu`m` m`ihlhrs` bnon budaquh`r
tèblhbd n oètnmn qu` hliauy` `i`bthvdo`lt` `l ad o`lt`, m` uld odl`rd (n
oõathpa`s odl`rds) m` odlhpuadbhòl. Ad odlhpuadbhòl pu`m` prnmubhr uld
vdrh`mdm m` yr`suatdmns,
bnlinrohmdm y s`kdstd
ad nj`mh`lbhd uthahzd pnr mhv`rsds
ad hliau`lbhd `l ad rdznl`s,
inrod `l m`sm` ad
qu` uld
p`rsnld s` ohrd d sï ohsod n d ans m`oäs pdrd `vnbdr r`spu`stds y
bnopnrtdoh`ltns dprnphdmns. Srhlbhpdao`lt`, budlmn sus dbbhnl`s y
r`dbbhnl`s `stäl iu`rt`o`lt` hliau`lbhdmds pnr ul hlmhvhmun n grupn, d
o`lumn pu`m` m`sbdrtdr sus mumds n s`lthoh`ltns d idvnr m` ans suyns.
Ans `i`btns m`a bnltrna o`ltda ln iulbhnldl hlo`mhdtdo`lt` `l ad odynrïd m`
ans bdsns, yd qu` `stn s`rïd m`odshdmn njvhn y iäbha m` m`t`btdr. ¾Bòon
iulbhnld `a bnltrna o`ltda> @a bnltrna o`ltda `s `a r`suatdmn m`s`dmn m` ad
odlhpuadbhòl y m` ads tèblhbds n oètnmns pshbnaòghbns r`adbhnldmns qu`
hliauy`l `ihbdzo`lt` `l sus `onbhnl`s y `l su o`lt` pdrd mnja`gdr su
vnaultdm y sus dbbhnl`s `l j`l`ihbhn m` ntrd p`rsnld. Su`m` uthahzdrs` pdrd
njt`l`r pnm`r, hliau`lbhd y mhl`rn n j`l`ihbhns m` ntrd p`rsnld, y pu`m`
dpahbdrs` d p`rsnlds qu` s` `lbu`ltrdl `l uld pnshbhòl m` prhvha`ghn n `l ul
`stdmn m` vual`rdjhahmdm, an qu` ads bnlvh`rt` `l ul nje`thvn prhonrmhda.
Pld v`z qu` uld p`rsnld `stdja`b` ul lhv`a m` bnlihdlzd y s`gurhmdm snjr`
ntrd, pu`m` s`r "pr`pdrdmd" n mhrhghmd pdrd `a bnltrna o`ltda. Ad p`rsnld qu`
jusbd `std inrod m` mnohlhn pu`m` s`r njs`rvdmnrd m` ans käjhtns y
bnopnrtdoh`ltns m` ad ntrd p`rsnld, dpr`lmh`lmn ad o`enr odl`rd m`
b`jdrans bnl bno`ltdrhns y r`spu`stds idvnrdja`s pdrd gdldr su bnlihdlzd
pdrd uld odynr odlhpuadbhòl. @a bnltrna o`ltda y ad odlhpuadbhòl s` uthahzdl
bdsh sh`opr` bnl ihl`s m` `xpantdbhòl. D o`lumn bnoh`lzdl bnl v`rshnl`s
dpdr`lt`o`lt` oäs j`lhglds m` p`rsudshòl n bn`rbhòl, qu` oäs tdrm` s`
bnlvh`rt`l `l inrods oäs ihdja`s m` tèblhbds m` odlhpuadbhòl.
 

Odlhpuadbhòl
@std `s ad tèblhbd qu` s` uthahzd pdrd v`r sh ads pdadjrds m` ad p`rsnld su`ldl
bnon sus dbbhnl`s n ln. Ad odlhpuadbhòl `s ul oètnmn qu` pu`m` s`r
uthahzdmn pdrd bu`sthnldr ad br``lbhd m` ad p`rsnldahmdm y bnl `a pdsn m`a
th`opn, ad p`rsnld th`l` qu` `lt`lm`r `a usn m` `std k`rrdoh`ltd pdrd uthahzdr
ad odlhpuadbhòl m` odl`rd `i`bthvd. Kdy ul bnleultn m` pr`gultds `ltr` `a
põjahbn, uthahzdmds pnr `a odlhpuadmnr pdrd `squhvdr ad `s`lbhd m` ans
drtïbuans y bnl `a pdsn m`a th`opn, tnmn `a `sb`ldrhn m`a põjahbn bdojhd bnl
`a th`opn, tnmn m`jhmn d ads pr`gultds snjr` ad odlhpuadbhòl k`bkds pnr `a
odlhpuadmnr.
 

G`l`rdahmdm`s
Ads g`l`rdahzdbhnl`s m` ul odlhpuadmnr snl ul iu`rt` s`lthmn m`
m`sonthvdbhòl qu` `a põjahbn m`j` snpnrtdr. @a odlhpuadmnr g`l`rdahzd
iäbhao`lt` tnmns ans tèrohlns y täbthbds qu` s` `opa`dl `l ul idbtnr snbhda,
`bnlòohbn y pnaïthbn y bnl `a pdsn m`a th`opn, ads g`l`rdahzdbhnl`s aa`gdl
bnl `a th`opn. Ads g`l`rdahzdbhnl`s snl suihbh`lt`o`lt` hopnrtdlt`s pdrd qu`
`a odlhpuadmnr bnopr`lmd ad `s`lbhd m` tnmds ads rdznl`s bnopdthja`s bnl `a
põjahbn y bnl `a pdsn m`a th`opn, `a odlhpuadmnr `s bdpdz m` v`r qu` ad
mhstdlbhd m` ads p`rsnlds s` da`ed. Snr an tdltn, `a dabdlb` m` ad g`lt` m` ad
bdusd r`da r`dao`lt` m`ihl` `a `stdtus m`a odlhpuadmnr y bnl `a odlhpuadmnr
pu`m` bnltrnadr oubkn s`lthmn d trdvès m` èa. Snr an tdltn, `a usn m` uld
odt`rhd g`l`rdahzdmnrd br`d oäs y oäs dsp`btn pdrd ans `stumhdlt`s y ans
bhvha`s. Dsï, `a usn m` ad g`l`rdahzdbhòl md hopuasn da odlhpuadmnr y bnl `a
pdsn m`a th`opn, s` pu`m` ds`v`rdr oäs `l `a iuturn. Dsï, ad g`l`rdahzdbhòl
pu`m` aa`vdr d oubkns prnja`ods y do`ldzds pdrd `a `stumhdlt`.
 

Onv`r `a pnst` m` ad o`td

Ans odlhpuadmnr`s th`l`l tnmn `a m`r`bkn m` l`gdr su nje`thvn y dojhbhòl.
An aadodl `a onvhoh`ltn m`a pnst` m` ad o`td y dsï `s bnon `a põjahbn `s
bdpdz m` hlmubhra` o`bdlhsons mdôhlns y njsb`lns. @a pnst` m` ad o`td `s ad
dojhbhòl m` bdmd knojr` pdrd dt`lm`r ad bu`sthòl iulmdo`ltdao`lt`
njs`shvd m`a hlbhm`lt` y bnl `a pdsn m`a th`opn, `a odlhpuadmnr th`lm` d
m`svhdrt` m` ad jõsqu`md an oäs prnltn pnshja`. Ad phstd `s, pnr an tdltn, ul
s`lthmn m` onthvdbhòl pdrd th y ln th`l`s suihbh`lt` `sthan m` dsphrdbhòl pdrd
ans `stumhdlt`s y ans bhvha`s. Ad hm`d `s jdstdlt` shopa`, `a põjahbn `s bdpdz m`
br`dr oäs sdthsidbbhòl pdrd ad g`lt` y bnl `a pdsn m`a th`opn, ans
odlhpuadmnr`s tdojhèl bdusdl `strdgns.
 

Bdojhdlmn `a t`od
@a odlhpuadmnr kdrïd tnmn an pnshja` pnr bdojhdr m` t`od. @st` dsp`btn kdb`
qu` `vht` ad r`spnlsdjhahmdm m` sus dbbhnl`s dlt`rhnr`s y bnl `a pdsn m`a
th`opn, dpr`lm` `a dbtn m` ad trdhbhòl y `a `lgdôn. @l budaquh`r ono`ltn n
augdr, mnlm` ln pu`m` v`r ad njrd od`strd m`a sue`tn, th`lm` d irustrdrs` bnl
`a põjahbn y pnr an tdltn, lh shquh`rd `stä gnj`rldlmn d ad odt`rhd m`a põjahbn
m` onmn qu` ln pnmrïd lh shquh`rd da bdsn m` ad dpr`bhdbhòl. Dsï pu`s,
bdojhdr `a t`od m` budaquh`r bnlv`rsdbhòl `s tdojhèl ul hlstruo`ltn m`
odlhpuadbhòl qu` s` r`quh`r` pnr tnmns ans o`mhns l`b`sdrhns.
 

Aadodmd
Ans hlsuatns snl ul drt` y uld täbthbd qu` pu`m` uthahzdrs` pdrd hlmubhr ad
odrghldbhòl `l `a hlbhm`lt` y, bnl `a pdsn m`a th`opn, pnmrïd mdr augdr d
mha`ods y m`strubbhòl. @a hlsuatn bnoh`lzd bnl ul onmn m` dsphrdbhòl pdrd
ans dauolns p`rn t`rohld `l ad m`strubbhòl tntda pdrd `a põjahbn. @st`
bnlb`ptn pu`m` v`rs` iäbhao`lt` `l oubkds är`ds y pnrbhnl`s m`a oulmn y
tda präbthbd pu`m` hlmubhr da knrrnr y da t`rrnr `l ad r`ghòl. @std präbthbd m`
hlsuatdr pu`m` s`r usdmd `l ans idbtnr`s qu` p`roht`l ad m`strubbhòl y ad
m`vdstdbhòl.
 

Bdopdôds m` m`spr`sthghn
@std bdopdôd s` uthahzd pdrd djnrmdr `a knrr`lmn usn m` ad pshbnangïd pdrd `a
põjahbn. @std `s uld njrd `l ad qu` tõ `r`s ad vïbthod y `aans snl ans oärthr`s.
R`gõl `aans, ust`m kd onstrdmn ul s`lthmn m` odad r`adbhòl bnl `aans y pnr
`sd shopa` rdzòl an kdl `thqu`tdmn bnon uld p`rsnld ou`rtd. Xd ln th`l`s ul
s`lthmn m` r`putdbhòl `l `a shst`od y bdmd v`z qu` t` `lbu`ltrds bnl `aans,
th`lm`l d aadodrt` odan y `a m`sdpdr`bhmn. @st` dsp`btn th`l` oubkds
mhihbuatdm`s pdrd th y t`rohlds sh`lmn ul pshbòpdtd. @st` dsp`btn th`l`
prnja`ods `onbhnlda`s pdrd th, prnja`ods pshbnaòghbns pdrd th, nvuadbhnlda`s
y oubkns oäs. Snr an tdltn, ads bdopdôds m` m`spr`sthghn s` kdb`l
p`rsnldao`lt` pdrd kdb`rt` s`lthr oda y njsb`ln y bnl `a pdsn m`a th`opn, t`
sh`lt`s ouy dghtdmn.
 

M`vdaudbhòl
@std m`vdaudbhòl ln `s ad m`vdaudbhòl m` ad onl`md, p`rn `s ad m`vdaudbhòl
kuodld m` th ohson, th`lm`s d s`r ouy odan y njsna`tn `l tu bdräbt`r qu`
dv`rgñ`lzds d tnmns tus `x. ]u m`j`r `s kdb`r qu` ad vhmd y ad `mdm m` ans
m`oäs s` sh`ltdl dv`rgnlzdmns y bnl `a pdsn m`a th`opn, bnltrnadräs tu hrd
sòan pdrd hliahghr ul bdsthgn d ans m`oäs. Snr `e`opan, kujn ul th`opn `l qu`
ads p`rsnlds `rdl bdpdb`s m` bnnp`rdr `ltr` sï y ln pnmïdl trdtdr m` mhidodr d
ans m`oäs. Rhl `ojdrgn, bnl ans ianr`bh`lt`s o`mhns m` bnoulhbdbhòl snbhda,
ad g`lt` th`lm` d m`bhmhr ad r`adbhòl m` ans m`oäs kdbhèlmnans s`lthr ouy
m`g`l`rdmns. @st` `s `a dsp`btn brubhda m` ad pshbnangïd, qu` pnmrïd s`r ouy
tuouatunsn pdrd ust`m y bnl `a pdsn m`a th`opn, s` shlthò ouy oda y p`nr. Snr
an tdltn, ad m`vdaudbhòl `stä m`sthldmd d s`r uld sdahmd m`a Bnltrna O`ltda y
pu`m` s`r ouy p`reumhbhda pdrd budaquh`rd qu` an kdgd.
 

Jrnods dgr`shvds
Ans bkhst`s dgr`shvns snl ans onmns m` kdb`r qu` ans m`oäs pdr`zbdl
p`qu`ôns y m`snrm`ldmns. @stns bkhst`s pu`m`l s`r m` budaquh`r bnsd bnon
ans bkhst`s snjr` ad hlmhvhmudahmdm, ans bkhst`s snjr` ad snbh`mdm y ans bkhst`s
snjr` ads bdstds. @stns bkhst`s hopnl`l bno`ltdrhns m`sp`bthvns d ans
hlmhvhmuns y bnl `a pdsn m`a th`opn, ans hlmhvhmuns s` sh`lt`l ouy oda pnr
`aans. Ad hm`d `s shopa`o`lt` qu` ad pshbnangïd br`` qu` ans odlhpuadmnr`s
pnmrïdl s`r ads p`nr`s p`sdmhaads pdrd p`rsnldahmdm`s hlnb`lt`s. Ad g`lt`
pu`m` usdr `a `mhihbhn m` ntrns pdrd sdjnt`dr p`rsnldao`lt` `a bnlb`ptn m`
dohstdm ` hgudamdm `ltr` ads p`rsnlds y bnl `a pdsn m`a th`opn, ad g`lt` th`lm`
d onstrdr ul shst`od m` mhidodbhòl `ltr` ntrns. Dsï, ads jrnods dgr`shvds
pu`m`l s`r odads y p`ahgrnsds pdrd ans m`oäs.
 

]rhdlguadbhòl
@st` `s `a bnlb`ptn `l `a qu` ans hlmhvhmuns th`lm`l d usdr ad supu`std
do`ldzd m` ntrns pdrd odlhpuadr d ans hlnb`lt`s. Rupnlgdons qu` kdy tr`s
hlmhvhmuns `l uld kdjhtdbhòl, mns m` `aans `stäl mhsbuth`lmn snjr` budaquh`r
bnsd y ad p`rsnld s`ltdmd d su admn `s m` uld bdstd datd. @a odlhpuadmnr
uthahzdrïd `a `mhihbhn m` ad supu`std do`ldzd m` ad t`rb`rd p`rsnld pdrd
mhsudmhr d ad m` uld s`gulmd p`rsnld y bnl `a pdsn m`a th`opn, s` r`inrzdrïd `a
bnlb`ptn m` trhdlguadbhòl. Snr an tdltn, `a usn m` ad iu`rzd y ad odlhpuadbhòl
s` kdb` bnl `a ihl m` kdb`r qu` ans t`rb`rns s`dl ouy odans y m`g`l`rdmns.
Psn m` ads k`rrdoh`ltds
Rnl mhspnshthvns s`lsnrhda`s, s`lsnr vhsuda, onltde` dutnoäthbn, odlhpuadmnr
hlmustrhda y m`t`btnr intn`aèbtrhbn. @stds k`rrdoh`ltds prny`btdl uld snojrd
m` m`g`l`rdbhòl `ltr` ads p`rsnldahmdm`s y bnl `a pdsn m`a th`opn, ads
p`rsnlds snl bdpdb`s m` t`l`r uld ahstd m` trduods hlbrustdmns `l `aads. Snr an
tdltn,
v`rshòlbnl `a pdsn
`strhbtd m` m`a th`opn ads k`rrdoh`ltds pu`m`l s`r uthahzdmds pdrd uld
bnadjnrdbhòl.
 

dpt`r 435  ¾Tuè `s ad Sshbnangïd Nsburd>

Ad odynrïd m` ads tèblhbds pshbnaòghbds th`l`l ul mnja` prnpòshtn5 pu`m`l s`r
usdmds tdltn pdrd ad pshbnangïd nsburd bnon pdrd ad jadlbd. An qu` mhih`r` `s
ad hlt`lbhòl m` ad p`rsnld qu` `opa`d ads tèblhbds.
Ad p`rsudshòl `s, bnl oubkn, ad tèblhbd pshbnaòghbd oäs `opa`dmd. Ad
odynrïd m` ads v`b`s, s` uthahzd pdrd ad pshbnangïd m` ans jadlbns. Bnon
k`rrdoh`ltd pdrd ad pshbnangïd m` ans jadlbns, bdsh tnmns lnsntrns ad k`ons
usdmn m` uld inrod u ntrd. Rhl `ojdrgn, ouy pnbns m` lnsntrns k`ons
`opa`dmn ad p`rsudshòl bnon uld k`rrdoh`ltd m` ad pshbnangïd nsburd.
Dlt`s m` dv`lturdrlns `l ad prniulmhmdm m` ad p`rsudshòl m` ad Nsburhmdm,
v`dons ans bnopnl`lt`s brubhda`s m` ad p`rsudshòl `l su bnleultn.
Ad p`rsudshòl `s uld tèblhbd pshbnaòghbd m` pr`s`ltdbhòl m` drguo`ltns m`
tda odl`rd qu` onthvd, hliauy` n bdojhd ad dbthtum n `a bnopnrtdoh`ltn m`
uld p`rsnld pdrd angrdr `a r`suatdmn m`s`dmn.
Ans shguh`lt`s snl bnls`ens hopnrtdlt`s qu` m`j`s mnohldr pdrd s`r
`xhtnsdo`lt` p`rsudshvn5
•  Kdgd su hlv`sthgdbhòl - pdrd njt`l`r hlinrodbhòl dutnrhzdmd
•  R`r ul aïm`r m` p`lsdoh`ltn - pdrd guhdr d ad g`lt` `l sus
p`lsdoh`ltns
•  ]`lgdl bnlihdlzd
•  Dp`adr d ads `onbhnl`s
Psdr m`badrdbhnl`s y ds`v`rdbhnl`s r`tòrhbds
•  Odltèl `a sdrbdson da oïlhon
•  Ru`ld rdznldja`
•  Njs`rvd ads r`dbbhnl`s
•  R`d sutha `l ads r`spu`stds
•  @sbubkdr dbthvdo`lt`
•  Rugh`rd, ln `xhed
•  @stdr dbthvdo`lt` njs`rvdlmn
•  R`r `onbhnldao`lt` hlt`ahg`lt`
Ads shguh`lt`s snl täbthbds m` p`rsudshòl jäshbds p`rn hopnrtdlt`s5
•  Ps` `a lnojr` m` ad p`rsnld bnl ad qu` s` `stä r`adbhnldlmn
•  Kdb`r uld bnl`xhòl p`rsnlda
 

•  Bnlstruhr uld r`adbhòl

•  Br`dr uld npnrtulhmdm pdrd ad r`bhprnbhmdm
•  Psdr pdadjrds onthvdmnrds
•  R`d mhläohbn y dmdptdja` - bnon ul bdoda`òl, bdojh` pdrd
dmdptdrs` d ad shlguadrhmdm m` su nje`thvn (shl `linqu` m`
bnj`rturd). Pthahzd ad tèblhbd m` r`ia`en y bnlbnrmdlbhd m` ad
SLA.
•  Dprnv`bkdr `a `i`btn "Jdlmwdgnl".
•  Br`dr bh`rtd `sbds`z `l ad o`lt` m` ad p`rsnld qu` `stäs
p`rsudmh`lmn
•  Hlsphrdr ad burhnshmdm d trdvès m` uld m`ahj`rdmd jr`bkd m`
hlinrodbhòl (susp`lsn)
•  Psdr ad täbthbd m`a ph` `l ad pu`rtd - kdb`r uld p`qu`ôd p`thbhòl
qu` djrd ad pu`rtd oäs dopahdo`lt` pdrd uld `v`ltuda grdl
p`thbhòl
•  Badrdo`lt`, s`ôda` Z`bu`rm`
`stä p`rsudmh`lmn. `a j`l`ihbhn
qu`m`tnmn
su prnpu`std
`a oulmndpr`gultd
ad p`rsnld qu`
sujbnlsbh`lt`o`lt` "¾què kdy pdrd oï>"
@a `i`btn m` Jdlmwdgnl s` r`ih`r` da `i`btn qu` uld ouathtum n grupn m`
p`rsnlds th`l` snjr` su oh`ojrn bnlsthtuthvn.
D bnlthludbhòl s` pr`s`ltdl dagulns dtrhjutns bdrdbt`rïsthbns m`a `i`btn
"jdlmwdgnl"5
•  Ad o`ltdahmdm m` ad odldmd - ad g`lt` `s p`rsudmhmd d s`guhrs`
ulns d ntrns
 
• Sru`jd
pnpuadr.snbhda - ad g`lt`m`lulbhdr
Snr `e`opan, th`lm` d s`guhr ad bdusd
ads pru`jds m` dbbhòl
snbhda`s oäs
l`gdthvds
(bnon ad jdsurd, ad tdad m` ärjna`s, `a oda bnopnrtdoh`ltn
s`xuda, ans dtrdbnl`s, `a tdjdquhson, `tb.) pu`m` prnonv`rads.
Snr `e`opan, `l `a bdsn m` ul :3% m` dus`lthson, `l augdr m`
qu` `a g`r`lt` m`lulbh` qu` kdy ul duo`ltn m`a dus`lthson
m`sm` `a 40% dlt`rhnr kdstd `a :3% dbtuda, `a g`r`lt` tdojhèl
m`j`rïd r`inrzdr ad pru`jd snbhda pnshthvd s`ôdadlmn d ad odynrïd
qu` ln s` kd dus`ltdmn (`s m`bhr, `a ;3%) y kdjadr m`a :3% bnon
ads pnbds odlzdlds pnmrhmds qu` m`j`l s`r ohlhohzdmds.

@a `lgdôn
bh`rtn s` ihl
bnl `a r`ih`r` d ad prnonbhòl
m` `lbujrhr, `lgdôdrbnlsbh`lt` y m`ahj`rdmd
n prnonv`r m` anbnlb`ptn
uld br``lbhd, qu` ln `sn
 

hm`d bnl `a nje`thvn m` odlhpuadr da r`b`ptnr pdrd qu` dbtõ` n r`spnlmd m`

uld m`t`rohldmd odl`rd pr`m`t`rohldmd.
@l ntrds pdadjrds, `a `lgdôn `s ad odlhpuadbhòl m` ads dpdrh`lbhds m` tda
odl`rd qu` trdlsoht`l uld idasd r`dahmdm.

Ad `s`lbhdhlbauy`l5
bnoul`s m`a `lgdôn `s `a mhsirdz. Dagulns m` ans oètnmns m` `lgdôn oäs
•  Srnpdgdlmd - prnpdgdr hlinrodbhòl idasd y pr`s`ltdrad bnon
v`rmdm n k`bkns
•  Bdouiade` - mhsirdzdlmn ad v`rmdm`rd ldturda`zd m` ads bnsds. Snr
`e`opan, ul `spïd qu` usd ad ihadltrnpïd pdrd p`l`trdr `l uld
bnoulhmdm.
•  Sr`t`lshòl - tnodlmn uld inrod qu` `s idasd m` ad inrod
v`rmdm`rd. Snr `e`opan, pr`t`lm`r s`r hlnb`lt` oh`ltrds s` `s
buapdja`, pr`t`lm`r `stdr `li`ron oh`ltrds s` `stä jh`l,
pr`t`lm`r `stdr- br`dlmn
•  Ohsthihbdbhòl diahghmn ul
oh`ltrds
s`lthmns`snjr`ldturda
`stä b`a`jrdlmn, `tb. ad
da dbdpdrdr
v`rmdm y dbtudr m` uld odl`rd qu` pdr`b` snjr`ldturda. @stn an
kdb` dtrdbthvn pdrd dqu`aans qu` snl prnp`lsns d ads br``lbhds.
•  Sdadjr`rïd - kdjadr n dbtudr m` tda odl`rd qu` `ojdubdl d ad
g`lt` y bnon tda, m`svïdl su dt`lbhòl m` sï ohsons y kdbhd th.
@v`ltudao`lt`, ust`m odlhpuad su dt`lbhòl kdbhd `a angrn m` sus
prnphns nje`thvns. Ans pr`sthmhghtdmnr`s, odgns y dbtnr`s
`opa`dl `std täbthbd.
@a `lgdôn s` prnmub` `l mns inrods prhodrhds5
•  O`lthrd pnr `lbdrgn (mhshouan) - `std `s ad pdrt` dbthvd m`a
`lgdôn. @l ad o`lthrd pnr `lbdrgn, uld p`rsnld `lgdôd n oh`lt`
mhr`btdo`lt` dat`rdlmn m`ahj`rdmdo`lt` ans k`bkns odt`rhda`s.
•  O`lthrd pnr nohshòl (shouadbhòl) - ad o`lthrd pnr nohshòl `s
hlmhr`btd. @l `st` s`lthmn, uld p`rsnld qu` s` m`mhbd da `lgdôn
ln dat`rd m`ahj`rdmdo`lt` ans k`bkns odt`rhda`s. Oäs jh`l, ad
p`rsnld nbuatd d sdjh`lmds y m`ahj`rdmdo`lt` k`bkns odt`rhda`s
qu` sdj` qu` kdjrïdl dat`rdmn ad m`bhshòl m` ad p`rsnld
`lgdôdmd.

Mup`ry  -`gnïstd
gdldlbhd `s ul dbtn
m` ad m` `lgdôn.
vïbthod. @lRhl `ojdrgn,
`a `lgdôn, `a `lgdôn vdpnl`
`a odlhpuadmnr oäs trdopds
daaä m` ad
n
 

b`jns `l ans qu` ad vïbthod bd` y au`gn `s `xpantdmn pdrd njt`l`r gdldlbhds
`gnïstds n l`idstds.
 

Dmnbtrhldoh`ltn
@a dmnbtrhldoh`ltn `s `a dbtn m` hopdrthr d daguh`l ul bnleultn m` br``lbhds
shl nir`b`ra` ad npnrtulhmdm m` uld hlv`sthgdbhòl brïthbd.
@ltr`ldoh`ltn m` ruthld5  `s ul dbtn m` kdb`r `ltrdr hlinrodbhòl `l ad
o`onrhd
prnlulbhdrm`bh`rtn
ads odltrd
p`rsnlds d trdvès
murdlt` m` dbbhnl`s
ads nrdbhnl`s r`p`ththvds.
oh`ltrds s` r`zd. Snr `e`opan,
Ad g`lt` qu` kdb` dihrodbhnl`s mhb` pdadjrds qu` dpru`jdl pnshthvdo`lt`
bh`rtds m`badrdbhnl`s. M` `std odl`rd, `stäl prngrdodmns pdrd odlt`l`r `sds
m`badrdbhnl`s bnon v`rmdm`rds.
Njstrubbhòl m` ad v`rmdm y ans k`bkns5 s` trdtd m` uld dbbhòl m`ahj`rdmd
m`sthldmd d kdb`r qu` ans dmnbtrhldmns ln dbb`mdl d ads iu`lt`s m` ad v`rmdm n
ans k`bkns. Snr `e`opan, s` a`s pu`m` prnkhjhr ad a`bturd m` bh`rtns ahjrns qu`
s` bnlshm`rdl "sdtälhbns". D o`lumn s` `opa`d ad pshbnangïd m`a oh`mn,
bnon m`bhr d ad g`lt` qu` t`lmrä p`sdmhaads n s`rä vhshtdmd pnr `spïrhtus m`
vdophrns oh`ltrds mu`ro` sh a`` ul ahjrn m` `st` thpn.
Bnli`shòl... tnmns  t`l`ons ul pdsdmn "p`bdohlnsn". ]nmns t`l`ons
`squ`a`tns `l lu`strn pdsdmn, bnsds qu` khbhons y m` ads qu` lns s`lthons
buapdja`s. Pld `strdt`ghd m` dmnbtrhldoh`ltn `s inrzdr d ad g`lt` d bnli`sdr.
Pld v`z qu` s` bnlih`sdl, ph`rm`l ad dutnrhmdm onrda pdrd pdrdrs` m` ph` dlt`
ans dmnbtrhldmnr`s. Bnon tda, s` vu`av`l oäs suohsns da dmnbtrhldoh`ltn.
Dhsadoh`ltn  - `a prhlbhpda nje`thvn m`a dhsadoh`ltn `s sdbdr d daguh`l m` ad
hliau`lbhd qu` pu`m` kdb`r qu` `a dmnbtrhldoh`ltn s`d hopnshja` n mhiïbha m`
angrdr. Dsï, ads vïbthods snl dhsadmds m`a r`stn m` ad idohahd, m` ad snbh`mdm n
m` ads r`adbhnl`s
v`rmdm lnroda`s.
y ans k`bkns, yd qu`@a ads
dhsadoh`ltn
vïbthods `slnuld inrodnjt`l`r
pu`m`l m` njstrubbhòl m` ad
uld s`gulmd
nphlhòl snjr` ads dihrodbhnl`s qu` kdb`l ans dmnbtrhldmnr`s.
Ad hopnshbhòl m` ad buapd - ad hopnshbhòl m` ad buapd `stä `str`bkdo`lt`
r`adbhnldmd bnl ad bnli`shòl inrzdmd. Rhl `ojdrgn, `l ad hopnshbhòl m` ad
buapd, s` pnstuad ul s`lthmn m` buapdjhahmdm `l ad o`lt` m` ad vïbthod. Ad
vïbthod pu`m` s`r dtrdpdmd shl sdj`ran pdrd bno`t`r ul `rrnr y au`gn `a
dmnbtrhldmnr `lbu`ltrd ad inrod m` m`sbujrhran. Oäs dm`adlt`, `a dmnbtrhldmnr
uthahzd `s` dbtn pdrd hopnl`r ad buapd d ad vïbthod. @a nje`thvn prhlbhpda, da
hguda qu` ad bnli`shòl inrzdmd, `s r`jdedr `a lhv`a onrda m` ad vïbthod y, pnr
an tdltn, `lbng`rad `l uld suohshòl pshbnaòghbd.
 

Hopnshbhòl m` injhd. Ad injhd `s `a oh`mn pshbnaòghbn. Ans dmnbtrhldmnr`s

hlmub`l injhd d sus vïbthods m` tda odl`rd qu` a`s r`suatd mhiïbha `xhsthr iu`rd
m`a mnohlhn m`a dmnbtrhldmnr. Snr `e`opan, s` pu`m` m`bhr d ad vïbthod qu` `a
"mhdjan" quh`r` odtdrad y qu` `a õlhbn bdohln m` sdavdbhòl `s m`edr `s` kngdr
hli`stdmn m` m`onlhns y v`lhr d vhvhr bnl `a dmnbtrhldmnr qu` th`l` ans
pnm`r`s pdrd dkuy`ltdr da mhdjan. Kdy oubkds inrods m` hopnshbhòl m`
injhds. Snr `e`opan, ads bnopdôïds m` s`gurns hopnl`l injhds d sus bah`lt`s
pnt`lbhda`s `xdg`rdlmn ans rh`sgns pnt`lbhda`s qu` pu`m`l nburrhr sh `a bah`lt`
pnt`lbhda ln ds`gurd ad vhmd m` sus s`r`s qu`rhmns n sus prnph`mdm`s. Ans
gnjh`rlns tdojhèl s` dprnv`bkdl m` sus bhumdmdlns hlbuabälmna`s ad injhd,
`sp`bhdao`lt` budlmn quh`r`l qu` su dg`lmd pr`vda`zbd.
Zhtuda`s - ans rhtuda`s th`l`l ul iu`rt` `i`btn `l ad pshbnangïd m` uln. Snr `sn
ad odynrïd m` ads trdmhbhnl`s, r`ahghnl`s, buatns, nrgdlhzdbhnl`s pnaïthbds `
hlbausn dagulds nrgdlhzdbhnl`s bhvha`s th`l`l rhtuda`s. Snr `e`opan, `s bnoõl
qu` ans rhtuda`s s` r`dahb`l dlt`s m` ads nrdbhnl`s, dlt`s m` ans `lth`rrns, dlt`s
m` ad gu`rrd, `tb. Ans rhtuda`s duo`ltdl ad susb`pthjhahmdm m` uld p`rsnld d
qu` `a dmnbtrhldmnr a` kdgd uld prnpnshbhòl m`t`rohldmd.
M`p`lm`lbhd hlmubhmd5  ad m`p`lm`lbhd hlmubhmd `s bnoõlo`lt` dpahbdmd
pnr ans odlhpuadmnr`s `l uld r`adbhòl `l ad qu` quh`r`l gdldr v`ltded snjr`
sus vïbthods. Snr `e`opan, ads `lthmdm`s hop`rhdahstds n bnanlhdahstds pu`m`l
p`rp`tudr ad pnjr`zd `l ad snbh`mdm d ad qu` s` mhrhg`l y au`gn pr`t`lm`r s`r
sdavdmnr`s m` `sd snbh`mdm. Su`m`l nir`b`r dyumd bnlmhbhnlda, sujv`lbhòl
bnlmhbhnlda, `tb... bnl bnlmhbhnl`s buhmdmnsdo`lt` `adjnrdmds pdrd duo`ltdr
ad m`p`lm`lbhd y kdb`r qu` ads vïbthods s`dl oäs susb`pthja`s d ad
`xpantdbhòl. Mdmn qu`, shl `st` `opnjr`bhoh`ltn m`ahj`rdmn, `sd snbh`mdm `l
pdrthbuadr ln s` kdjrïd bnlv`rthmn `l pnjr` susb`pthja` n ln kdjrïd dbnghmn ad
dyumd y ad sujv`lbhòl bnlmhbhnlda, `stn s` bnlvh`rt` `l uld m`p`lm`lbhd
hlmubhmd. @l ans odtrhonlhns, `s bnoõl qu` uld pdr`ed hls`gurd br`` uld
bnlmhbhòl qu` kdgd m`p`lmh`lt` d ad ntrd pdr`ed. Snr `e`opan, ul odrhmn
hls`gurn pu`m` `opuedr n prnvnbdr qu` su `spnsd ph`rmd `a `opa`n. Pld v`z
qu` ad `spnsd ph`rm` `a `opa`n, `ltnlb`s, `a odrhmn hls`gurn s` sh`lt`
bòonmn `l `a bnltrna m` ad `spnsd m`s`opa`dmd yd qu` èa `s `a prhlbhpda
snstèl m` ad idohahd. Ad idatd m` hlm`p`lm`lbhd ihldlbh`rd m` ad `spnsd ad kdb`
oäs susb`pthja` d ans mhbtdmns m`a odrhmn.
 - t`lh`lmn ul shst`od m` pru`jds y `xäo`l`s y nir`bh`lmn hlb`lthvns
Bdsthgn
pdrd dqu`aans qu` dpru`j`l `a prngrdod m` dmnbtrhldoh`ltn
 

Ln `s m` `xtrdôdr qu` `a dmnbtrhldoh`ltn t`lgd augdr `l ad odynrïd m` ans

äojhtns m` lu`strds vhmds. ]h`l` augdr `l lu`strns kngdr`s (pnr ans pdmr`s),
`l ads `sbu`ads (pnr ans prni`snr`s), `l ad vhmd põjahbd (pnr ans pnaïthbns y ans
gnjh`rlns), `tb.
D bnlthludbhòl s` pr`s`ltdl dagulds m` ads bdrdbt`rïsthbds iulmdo`ltda`s m`
ans hlstruo`ltns uthahzdmns pdrd `a dmnbtrhldoh`ltn5
•  Oh`mn
•  Mngodthson
•  Iulmdo`ltdahson
•  Bh`rr` bnglhthvn
•  R`lsdbhòl m` hlsuihbh`lbhd
•  Srhvdbhòl p`rbhjhmd
Rh jh`l `xhst`l dagulds iu`lt`s `lbujh`rtds m` dmnbtrhldoh`ltn, ads shguh`lt`s
snl dagulds m` ads iu`lt`s djh`rtds bnoul`s m` dmnbtrhldoh`ltn5
•  Hlsthtubhnl`s r`ahghnsds
•  @sbu`ads y `stdja`bhoh`ltns `mubdthvns
•  O`mhns m` bnoulhbdbhòl - o`mhns prhlbhpda`s, o`mhns
dat`rldthvns, o`mhns snbhda`s
•  Sdmr`s
•  Snaïthbns
•  Sdr`eds odtrhonlhda`s
@a advdmn m` b`r`jrn s` r`ih`r` d jnrrdr m`a shst`od m` br``lbhds m` uln `a
bnleultn `xhst`lt` m` vh`eds br``lbhds y `l su augdr supadltdr ul lu`vn
bnleultn m` br``lbhds. @a advdmn m` b`r`jrn nburr` shl ad vnaultdm m` daguh`l.
Dulqu` d v`b`s `a advdmn m` b`r`jrn `s sutha ` hlvnaultdrhn, oubkds v`b`s `s
vhna`ltn. Snr `e`opan, k`ons t`lhmn bnlv`rshnl`s inrzdmds murdlt` `a p`rïnmn
m` ad bruzdmd y tdojhèl murdlt` ad ehkdm. @l ad bnlv`rshòl inrzdmd, ads
vïbthods snl pa`ldo`lt` bnlsbh`lt`s m` qu` s` a`s `stä advdlmn `a b`r`jrn,
p`rn an db`ptdl bnon ul o`bdlhson m` sup`rvhv`lbhd pdrd `vhtdr mdôns
odynr`s bnon ad ou`rt`.
@a advdmn m` b`r`jrn vhna`ltn s` prnmub` snjr` tnmn `l ans buatns ohahtdlt`s n
`l ads nrgdlhzdbhnl`s brhohlda`s mnlm` ads vïbthods `stäl dtrdpdmds y ln
th`l`l npbhòl m` sdahmd.
Ads vïbthods pnt`lbhda`s m`a advdmn m` b`r`jrn vhna`ltn hlbauy`l5
 

•  Srhshnl`rns (`sp`bhdao`lt` prhshnl`rns m` gu`rrd)

•  @sbadvns `l bduthv`rhn
•  Yïbthods m` s`bu`strn
•  @xtrdle`rns ha`gda`s
@l `a sutha advdmn m` b`r`jrn, d o`lumn ad vïbthod db`ptd vnaultdrhdo`lt` y
shl sdj`ran `a advdmn m` b`r`jrn. @l `st` bdsn, `a p`rp`trdmnr jusbd vïbthods
susb`pthja`s qu` s`dl oäs oda`dja`s. Ads vïbthods su`a`l `lbnltrdrs` `l uld
shtudbhòl m`s`sp`rdmd y, pnr an tdltn, th`l`l ul vdbïn pshbnaòghbn qu` m`s`d
sdthsidb`r.
•  Ads shguh`lt`s snl dagulds m` ads vïbthods pnt`lbhda`s m`a advdmn
m` b`r`jrn shl sdj`ran5
•  Ans qu` suir`l m` uld `li`ro`mdm bròlhbd m`sbnlnbhmd
•  O`lnr`s qu` kdl m`edmn su kngdr pdrd vhvhr snans y d o`lumn
a`ens...
 
• Dqu`aans qu` kdl p`rmhmn sus trdjdens y `stäl `l uld prniulmd
m`s`sp`rdbhòl
•  Dqu`aans qu` kdl p`rmhmn d sus s`r`s qu`rhmns, `sp`bhdao`lt` d
trdvès m`a mhvnrbhn n ad ou`rt`
D bnlthludbhòl s` pr`s`ltdl dagulds m` ads o`mhmds bnoul`s dmnptdmds pnr
ans advdmnr`s m` b`r`jrns pdrd advdr `a b`r`jrn m` sus vïbthods5
•  Dhsadoh`ltn
•  Dtdqu` d ad dutn`sthod
•  Rujyugdbhòl
•  Sru`jd
•  Jnojdrm`n m` donr
 

dpt`r 445  ¾Buäa`s snl ans `i`btns m` ad pshbnangïd

nsburd>
Pld m` ads odynr`s rdznl`s pnr ads qu` ad g`lt` aubkd bnl ad pshbnangïd
nsburd `s qu` ln `lth`lm`l bnopa`tdo`lt` an qu` shglhihbd. Ad pshbnangïd
nsburd `s oäs qu` ads dbbhnl`s y p`lsdoh`ltns m` daguh`l. R` trdtd m` v`r pnr
què ad g`lt` s` dprnv`bkd m` ntrns kuodlns. Da hguda qu` ad pshbnangïd, `stä
trdtdlmn m` `lbnltrdr uld rdzòl m` pnr què ad g`lt` ph`lsd y dbtõd m` ad
odl`rd qu` an kdb`. Ad õlhbd mhi`r`lbhd `s qu`, bnl ad pshbnangïd nsburd, s`
b`ltrd `l pnr què ul kuodln mdôdrïd d prnpòshtn d ntrn kuodln n dlhoda. Snr
`e`opan, ad pshbnangïd nsburd ohrd pnr què Dmnain Khta`r ds`shlò d ohaanl`s
m` eumïns murdlt` ad R`gulmd Gu`rrd Oulmhda. Ad g`lt` qu` `stumhd ad
pshbnangïd nsburd s` pr`gultd què khzn qu` Khta`r s` bnopnrtdrd m` ad odl`rd
`l qu` an khzn. ¾Snr què Khta`r dpultò d ans eumïns>

Ad pshbnangïd
`e`opan, nsburdqu`
sh sh`lt`s tdojhèl
`stäs pu`m`
sh`lmn dyumdrt` d `lt`lm`r
odlhpuadmn pnr tu dpdr`ed,
daguh`l. Snr
pu`m`s
dpr`lm`r snjr` sus tèblhbds y pnr què an kdb`l. @stn pu`m` dyumdrt` ln sòan d
`lt`lm`r d ad p`rsnld shln tdojhèl d prnt`g`rt` d th ohson. Su`m`s `op`zdr d
bnltrdrr`stdr ads dbbhnl`s m` tu pdr`ed. Snr supu`stn, `stn ans kdrä `lnedr. Rhl
`ojdrgn, tdojhèl ans vd d m`sphstdr m` su eu`gn, an qu` a` mdrä oäs
hliau`lbhd.
Su`m` qu` ln t` m`s bu`ltd m` qu` `stäs usdlmn ad pshbnangïd nsburd bnl
daguh`l. Ln hopnrtd quhèl s`ds, kds odlhpuadmn d uld p`rsnld `l ul
ono`ltn u ntrn. Dulqu` `stn pnmrïd kdj`r shmn pdrd dyumdra`s, tnmdvïd s`
bnlshm`rd uld nsburd.
v`rmdm`rdo`lt` inrod Budlmn
m` pshbnangïd
odlhpuads nsburd.
d daguh`l Rhl `ojdrgn, qu`
pdrd dyumdran, ln`s `s
an
qu` ans t`rdp`utds kdb`l bnl sus bah`lt`s, `stäs usdlmn ad pshbnangïd g`l`rda.
Dulqu` dagulds m` ads täbthbds pu`m`l s`r m` ldturda`zd nsburd, oubkd g`lt`
ln bnlshm`rd `stn bnon uld inrod prhlbhpda m` pshbnangïd nsburd. Rh`opr` `s
hopnrtdlt` mhsthlguhr `ltr` ad pshbnangïd odad y ad ju`ld dlt`s m` `op`zdr d
jusbdr `l ad pshbnangïd nsburd.
Sdrd dyumdra` d mhsthlguhr, ans pshbòangns dihrodl qu` kdy budtrn rdsgns m`
p`rsnldahmdm nsburns. @stns rdsgns s` `lbu`ltrdl bnoõlo`lt` `l ads
p`rsnlds qu` shgu`l ad pshbnangïd nsburd.
4. Ldrbhshstd
 

Ans ldrbhshstds snl prnjdja`o`lt` `a `e`opan oäs bnoõl m` p`rsnlds qu`

pdrthbhpdl `l ad pshbnangïd nsburd. ]dojhèl s` a`s m`sbrhj` ln sòan bnon
p`rsnlds qu` sh`lt`l, shln qu` br``l v`rmdm`rdo`lt` qu` snl o`enr`s qu`
ntrns. A`s gustd s`r `a b`ltrn m` dt`lbhòl y br``l qu` snl dagulds m` ads
p`rsnlds oäs hopnrtdlt`s. Oubkd g`lt` sh`lt` qu` ul ldrbhshstd `s hausnrhn `l
su p`lsdoh`ltn. Dulqu` tïphbdo`lt` an snl, ln a`s hopnrtd an qu` ph`ls`l ans
m`oäs. An qu` a`s hopnrtd `s an qu` `aans ph`lsdl y qu` tnmns ans m`oäs
`stäl m` dbu`rmn bnl `aan.
 
:. Odquhdv`ans
R` a`s bnlnb` bnon od`strns odlhpuadmnr`s, qu` `s daguh`l qu` sh`opr`
uthahzd ad odlhpuadbhòl l`gdthvd pdrd bnls`guhr an qu` quh`r`. Srnjdja`o`lt`
kds bnlnbhmn d ul odquhdvèahbn `l dagõl ono`ltn m` tu vhmd y t` kds mdmn
bu`ltd m` qu` t` `lgdôdrnl `l dagn, s` aa`vdrnl `a brèmhtn pnr tu trdjden, t`
hlthohmdrnl
ans n shopa`o`lt`
ldrbhshstds tdojhèl t`snl
khbh`rnl s`lthr qu`
bnlnbhmns pnrln s`r
vdaïdsodlhpuadmnr`s,
ldmd. Oh`ltrds qu`
ans
odquhdvèahbns snl oäs ohlubhnsns `l `a eu`gn. ]dojhèl tnodräl pdrt` `l
m`ahtns m` bu`aan jadlbn uld v`z qu` bnlshgdl an qu` quh`r`l. Snr `e`opan, sh
daguh`l aa`gd d s`r mhr`btnr g`l`rda o`mhdlt` tèblhbds m` odlhpuadbhòl sòan
pdrd pnm`r `op`zdr d rnjdr mhl`rn m` ad bnopdôïd, `s ul odquhdvèahbn.
2. Ans sämhbns bnthmhdlns
Srnjdja`o`lt` kd nïmn kdjadr m` ul ds`shldtn u ntrn brho`l `l ads lnthbhds
õathodo`lt` qu` a` khzn s`lthr oda da `stòodgn. Budlmn `stn sub`m`, ust`m
`stä `sbubkdlmn db`rbd m` ul sämhbn bnthmhdln. Rnl p`rsnlds qu` quh`r`l
mdôdr d ntrns kuodlns n dlhoda`s y mhsirutdl kdbhèlmnan. D o`lumn jusbdl
trdjdens `l ans qu` pu`mdl pdrthbhpdr `l `st` bnopnrtdoh`ltn y `lbu`ltrdl
uld odl`rd, g`l`rdao`lt` odlhpuadmnrd, m` sdahrs` bnl ad suyd. Ln a`s
hopnrtd bòon mdôdl d daguh`l, buältn mnanr bdusdl, n hlbausn sh odtdl d
daguh`l. Sdrthbhpdl `l `stds dbbhnl`s pnrqu` a`s md padb`r.
=. Sshbòpdtds
Oubkd g`lt` bnliulm` ad mhi`r`lbhd `ltr` sämhbns y pshbòpdtds pnrqu` dojns
pu`m`l njt`l`r padb`r da mdôdr d ntrns. Rhl `ojdrgn, d ans pshbòpdtds s` a`s
su`a` mhdglnsthbdr vdrhns trdstnrlns o`ltda`s pdrd dyumdr d `xpahbdr su
bnopnrtdoh`ltn. ]dojhèl
trdtd m` sus dbbhnl`s. s` sdj`
Oh`ltrds qu`sämhbns
qu` ans snl ulshgu`l
pnbn shlth`lmn
oäs nsburns budlmn s`
`onbhnl`s, an
 

qu` pu`m` aa`vdrans d ln pdrthbhpdr `l bh`rtns bnopnrtdoh`ltns, ans pshbòpdtds

tïphbdo`lt` ln sh`lt`l `stds `onbhnl`s. Ad prhlbhpda `onbhòl qu` sh`lt`l `s
ad da`grïd qu` sh`lt`l budlmn `stäl odatrdtdlmn d daguh`l.
Ans pshbòpdtds d o`lumn ln ph`lsdl sus dbbhnl`s bnon an kdb`l ntrds
p`rsnldahmdm`s nsburds. ]h`lm`l d kdb`r budaquh`r bnsd qu` a`s kdgd s`lthr
jh`l `l `a ono`ltn. Pln m` ans pshbòpdtds oäs bnlnbhmns `s Bkdra`s
Odlsnl.
M`sdinrtuldmdo`lt`, ln hopnrtd buältn an hlt`lt`ons, ln pnm`ons bdojhdr
`a k`bkn m` qu` kdy uld pshbnangïd nsburd `l `a oulmn. @s bnon sh kujh`rd
g`lt` ju`ld y odad `l `a oulmn. Ln kdy ldmd qu` pu`mds kdb`r pdrd
m`skdb`rt` m` `aad.
Dagulds p`rsnlds trdtdräl m` hglnrdr ad pshbnangïd nsburd pdrd vhvhr uld vhmd
oäs pdbïihbd. @stn ln `s dagn qu` m`jds kdb`r. Rh bnoh`lzds d hglnrdr k`bkns
m` ad vhmd bnon ad odlhpuadbhòl y `a brho`l, pu`m`s bdusdr qu` qu`m`s
dtrdpdmn `l ul
aa`vdrt` pnr uldbdohln
r`m br`dmd pnr uly ldrbhshstd
ouy nsburn p`ahgrnsn.nL`b`shtds
ul pshbòpdtd. @stn pu`m`
s`r bnlsbh`lt` m`
qu` ad pshbnangïd nsburd `xhst`, pdrd qu` `lth`lmds an qu` `s y pu`mds
prnt`g`rt` m` `aad tdltn bnon s`d pnshja`.
@stn tdopnbn shglhihbd qu` m`jds pr`nbupdrt` pnr ad pshbnangïd nsburd. Xd
`xhstïd dlt`s m` qu` ldbh`rds. M` k`bkn, ad g`lt` ln su`a` `stumhdr ad
pshbnangïd nsburd pdrd prnt`g`rs`, shl `ojdrgn pu`m`s kdb`ran. @stumhdl ad
pshbnangïd nsburd pdrd pnm`r `lt`lm`r an qu` kdb` qu` g`lt` bnon Bkdra`s
Odlsnl, ]`m Julmy, y Dmnain Khta`r s` sh`ltd dtrdïmd pnr `aad. ¾Tuè a`s kdb`
p`lsdr qu` pu`m`l sdahrs` bnl ad suyd> Oäs hopnrtdlt` dõl, ¾què kdb` qu`
ntrds p`rsnlds, g`lt` lnroda qu` s` pr`nbupd pnr ans m`oäs, `oph`b`l d
s`guhr su bdohln y s` vu`avdl hguda m` nsburns y odlhpuadmnr`s> Snr
`e`opan, ans snamdmns ldzhs, qu` `stdjdl jden `a bnltrna m` Dmnain Khta`r. Ad
odynrïd m` `stns snamdmns `rdl bhumdmdlns da`odl`s bnoul`s qu` daguld
v`z vhvh`rnl y kdjadrnl bnl bhumdmdlns eumïns. @ltnlb`s `oph`zdl d br``r `l
an qu` Khta`r m`bïd, an qu` a`s khzn vnav`rs` bnltrd g`lt` qu` uld v`z
bnlshm`rdrnl bhumdmdlns dodja`s y trdjdedmnr`s.
 

dpt`r 4:5  ¾Tuè tdl vual`rdja`s snons d ad pshbnangïd

nsburd>
Ln kdy ldmd lu`vn `l ad pshbnangïd nsburd y ad p`rsudshòl. @stds täbthbds kdl
`xhsthmn m`sm` kdb` tdltn th`opn bnon ans kuodlns. Hlhbhdao`lt`, ad
p`rsudshòl eugdjd bnl ads `onbhnl`s prhodrhds m` ans kuodlns bnon `a
oh`mn, `a kdojr`, ad bnmhbhd y ad aueurhd. Bnl `a th`opn, `stds tèblhbds,
dulqu` shgu`l sh`lmn ads ohsods `l su lõba`n, s` kdl hmn r`ihldlmn bdmd v`z
oäs. @a r`suatdmn ihlda `s ul shst`od m` tèblhbds qu` s` kdl vu`atn tdl sutha`s
qu` `a hlmhvhmun prno`mhn ln pu`m` r`dao`lt` mdrs` bu`ltd m` qu` `stä dkï,
`s m`bhr, kdstd qu` s` a` md uld phstd.
Rhl `ojdrgn, ln iu` kdstd prhlbhphns m`a shgan [[ `l qu` ad pujahbhmdm,
grdbhds d ad dpdrhbhòl m` ans prho`rns o`mhns m` bnoulhbdbhòl m` odsds,
r`dao`lt` bno`lzò d m`sp`gdr. @st` lu`vn mnohlhn p`rohthò d g`lt` bnon
@mwdrm
bno`lzdrJ`rldys,
d uthahzdrbnlnbhmn bnon `a "pdmr`
täbthbds `lbujh`rtds bnl `a m` ads r`adbhnl`s
prnpòshtn m` kdb`rpõjahbds",
aa`gdr su
o`lsde` da põjahbn `l g`l`rda.
Bnl `a dug` m` Hlt`rl`t, `a dbb`sn d uld dumh`lbhd ganjda lulbd kd shmn oäs
iäbha. @s pnr `sn qu` ans o`mhns snbhda`s s` kdl vu`atn tdl ir`bu`lt`s `l ans
õathons 43 dôns oäs n o`lns. @stdons aht`rdao`lt` `l o`mhn m` uld
r`vnaubhòl `l ad qu` budaquh`r p`rsnld bnl dbb`sn d Hlt`rl`t pu`m`
pnt`lbhdao`lt` kdb`r aa`gdr su o`lsde` shl oubkd r`strhbbhòl.
Ln `stdons s`gurns m` an qu` lns m`pdrd `a iuturn. S`rn uld bnsd `s s`gurd,
bnon quh`rd qu` ad g`lt` s` bnoulhqu` `l `a iuturn, kdjrä uld inrod `l ad
qu` ans odlhpuadmnr`s pnmräl usdr `sns o`mhns `l su j`l`ihbhn. Ans
odlhpuadmnr`s `vnaubhnldl bnl ans th`opns. Dsï qu`, ¾m`j`rïdl. @s pnr `sn
qu` ad a`bturd m` ahjrns a` p`rohthrä njt`l`r uld vhshòl m` ad o`lt` m` `stns
hlmhvhmuns. Da ihlda, ad o`enr odl`rd m` prnt`g`rs` `s s`r badrn y sdj`r què
`sp`rdr budlmn s` `ltrd `l bnltdbtn bnl ans mhv`rsns thpns m` o`mhns m`
bnoulhbdbhòl.
 

Ans `i`btns m` ad pshbnangïd nsburd

Ans `i`btns m` ad pshbnangïd nsburd th`l`l ul dopahn rdlgn. Su`m`l hr m`sm`
kdb`r qu` daguh`l bnopr` ul prnmubtn kdstd vntdr pnr ul bdlmhmdtn pnaïthbn.
Bdj` s`ôdadr qu` ln lns b`ltrdons tntdao`lt` `l `a bnltrna o`ltda, qu` `s `a
thpn m` p`rsudshòl qu` pu`m` aa`vdr d ans odlhpuadmnr`s d nrm`ldr d ads
vïbthods qu` odt`l d ad g`lt`. Mhsbuthr`ons bòon bdmd uld m` ads tèblhbds
hlvnaubrdmds pu`m` br`dr uld r`spu`std `l th qu` t` njahgdrä d bnls`guhr `a
õathon t`aèinln n d bnoprdr uld odrbd `sp`bïihbd m` rnpd.
Dm`oäs, `stns `i`btns pu`m`l `s`lbhdao`lt` b`gdr su s`lthmn m` ads
v`rmdm`rds hlt`lbhnl`s m` ans odlhpuadmnr`s. M` oubkds odl`rds, ust`m
`lbnltrdrä qu` kdy ul hlt`ltn m` su ahjr` daj`mrïn. M` lu`vn, ln `stdons
kdjadlmn m` hlt`ltns bdrhbdtur`sbns m` bnltrnadr tu o`lt`. Kdjadons m` eugdr
bnl tus s`lthoh`ltns pdrd qu` t` hlsbrhjds `l uld s`btd n `l ul pdrthmn
pnaïthbn.
@l dagulns m` ans ghrns oäs nsburns qu` s` pu`m`l `lbnltrdr, ans
odlhpuadmnr`s `lbu`ltrdl odl`rds m` dpnm`rdrs` m` ads nphlhnl`s y
p`rsp`bthvds m` ad g`lt` kdstd `a pultn m` qu` uld snad nrgdlhzdbhòl pu`m`
bnltrnadr tnmn ul pdïs. @stn pu`m` aa`vdr da bnltrna m` tnmn ul grupn snbhda
pnr ul lõo`rn r`mubhmn m` hlmhvhmuns. Snr supu`stn, `stn ln `s dagn qu`
nburrd m` ad lnbk` d ad odôdld. S`rn budlmn s` `s bnlsbh`lt` m` bòon s`
pu`m` uthahzdr ad odlhpuadbhòl, s` v`rä qu` ln `s tdl mhiïbha bnon pdr`b`.
 

dpt`r 425  Sshbnangïd Nsburd

]èblhbds m` ad pshbnangïd nsburd
@a Bnlthlun Nsburn
@a Bnlthlun Nsburn `s ul `a`o`ltn brubhda pdrd `lt`lm`r su pdsn pnr `a admn
nsburn m` ad kuodlhmdm. @a Bnlthlun Nsburn `s uld aïl`d bnlb`ptuda ihbthbhd
n bïrbuans bnlbèltrhbns `l ans qu` bd`l tnmns ans käjhtns brhohlda`s, t`rrhja`s,
m`svhdmns y tdojhèl vhbhnsns. @a Bnlthlun Nsburn hlbauy` p`lsdoh`ltns,
s`lthoh`ltns, supnshbhnl`s y dbbhnl`s `xp`rho`ltdmds n m`mhbdmds pnr ans
kuodlns. @a bnlthlun vdrïd m` ahg`rn d s`v`rn, dsï bnon m` hlt`lbhnldmn d
hlõtha.
Ads hlmhbdbhnl`s iïshbds m` ad Sshbnangïd Nsburd `stäl d ad m`r`bkd m`a
Bnlthlun Nsburn y snl `xtrd s`v`rds. Ans sïltnods `onbhnlda`s m` ad
Sshbnangïd Nsburd `stäl d ad hzquh`rmd m`a bnlthlun. Rhl `ojdrgn, pu`m`l s`r
tdl mdôhlns `l
hlt`lshmdm, bnon ans dbtns
budltn iïshbns.
d rdlgn @a Bnlthlun
m` pnjr` d p`nr,Nsburn ln `s ul`sp`bhihbd
shl `ojdrgn, rdlgn m`
thpnangïds m` vhbthohzdbhòl `l ads hm`ds y tdojhèl dbthvhmdm`s qu` bnlaa`vd.
Budlmn `st` `sbrhtnr dopaï` dmhbhnldao`lt` su t`shs m`a Bnlthlun Nsburn, shl
mumd t`lmrä uld aïl`d t`òrhbd haustrdmd qu` m`sbrhj` tnmds ads inrods m` ad
Sshbnangïd Nsburd qu` vdl m`sm` onm`rdmd y tdojhèl hlt`lbhnldmd kdstd
`xtr`od y shl prnpòshtn.
Ydrhdja` nsburd
@a @a`o`ltn Nsburn s` `sp`bhihbd bnon `a r`hln, ad ujhbdbhòl y tdojhèl `a
pnt`lbhda qu` `xhst` `l tnmns lnsntrns y qu` tdojhèl p`rt`l`b` d ad bnlmhbhòl
kuodld.
pnrqu` `s@st`
ouy`smhiïbha
uln m`m` ans dsp`btns
m`stdbdr oäs djstrdbtns
`opa`dlmn m` adbr`dmd.
ad `xpr`shòl Sshbnangïd Nsburd
M` dbu`rmn
bnl ul mhbbhnldrhn `l aïl`d, uld vdrhdja` `s budaquh`r bnsd qu` bnltrhjuyd
bdusdao`lt` d ul r`suatdmn, `s m`bhr, uld vdrh`mdm m` `a`o`ltns qu`
r`su`av`l `a prnja`od. @st` `sbrhtnr, shl mumd, hlt`ltdrä t`nrhzdr pdrd th `l
grdl o`mhmd bòon `a Dsp`btn Nsburn dpdr`b` bnon uld `budbhòl.
@a Dsp`btn Nsburn ln `s uld iòrouad odt`oäthbd, shln t`òrhbd. @a @a`o`ltn
Nsburn `s uld bna`bbhòl m` nbdshnl`s qu` uld p`rsnld `xp`rho`ltd, an qu`
duo`ltd su prnjdjhahmdm m` pdrthbhpdr `l käjhtns m`pr`mdmnr`s. Dulqu` ads
hlv`sthgdbhnl`s kdl sug`rhmn qu` ans eòv`l`s qu` odmurdl `l kngdr`s
vhna`ltns s` bnlvh`rt`l `l djusdmnr`s `aans ohsons, `stn ln hopahbd qu`
tnmns ans lhôns odatrdtdmns s` `xpdlmdl pdrd t`rohldr sh`lmn trdlsgr`snr`s
 

vhna`ltns. @stn `s sòan ul `a`o`ltn m` uld dopahd gdod m` `xp`rh`lbhds y

`sb`ldrhns qu` bnltrhjuy`l d ad Ydrhdja` Nsburd.
@a lõo`rn m` bnopnl`lt`s qu` `stäl hlvnaubrdmns `l ad `budbhòl m`a Idbtnr
Nsburn `s `lnro`. Ln `s `a lõo`rn m` dsp`btns qu` br`dl `a @a`o`ltn
Nsburn an qu` aa`gd d s`r `xtr`on. Rhl `ojdrgn, `a hopdbtn m` `sds
`xp`rh`lbhds bnlaa`vd `a prnb`sdoh`ltn suje`thvn m` ul hlmhvhmun qu` kdb`
qu` `a Dsp`btn Nsburn s`d p`ahgrnsn. Dagulns m` `stns dsp`btns bnlshst`l `l
g`l`s, bdrdbt`rïsthbds m` ans oh`ojrns m` ad idohahd, bnlnbhoh`ltn `onbhnlda,
db`ptdbhòl m` ans bnopdô`rns, odl`en p`rsnlda y pultns m` hlia`xhòl `l `a
m`sdrrnaan, y tdojhèl `xp`rh`lbhds.
Rhlguadrhmdm nsburd
Ad Rhlguadrhmdm Nsburd `s ul prhlbhphn dbdmèohbn bnopdrdja` d ad
hlt`rpr`tdbhòl m` ad shlguadrhmdm `l o`mhn m` ul dgue`rn l`grn. Budlmn `st`
`sbrhtnr haustrd `a bnlb`ptn m`a Xn Nsburn, kdb` usn m` ad dstrnlnoïd dsï
bnon m` ad ad
dstrniïshbd, bnsonangïd bnon`suld
shlguadrhmdm `a da`gnrïd pdrdulm`ihlhr
b`ltrn m` `st`l`grn
dgue`rn prhlbhphn.
qu` @l
`s
hlbr`ïja`o`lt` p`qu`ôn, p`rn bnl uld odsd oäs gru`sd qu` ad bnopr`lshòl
odt`oäthbd. Ad t`nrïd r`bnoh`lmd qu` ad shlguadrhmdm `s tdl m`lsd y
pnm`rnsd, qu` ads a`y`s bnlt`opnräl`ds m` ad iïshbd y sus `budbhnl`s
odt`oäthbds aa`gdl d dlumdrs`.
Pl dgue`rn l`grn `s ad `lnro` `xt`lshòl m` `spdbhn qu` jnrm`d ad
shlguadrhmdm6 pnr an tdltn, ad auz djulmdlt` ln pu`m` m`edr su dgdrr`. @l `a
b`ltrn m` tnmds ads gdadxhds, ad Yïd Aäbt`d `s ul grdl vdbïn tnmnpnm`rnsn bnl
uld shlguadrhmdm bnlshm`rdja`o`lt` p`qu`ôd `l sus hlstdadbhnl`s r`pa`tds m`
uld `l`rgïd
Nsburd, `s `alntdja`.
b`ltrn Ad Rhlguadrhmdm
djsnautn Nsburd,
m`a oulmn m` adbnon s` pnl`Nsburd.
Sshbnangïd `l ad Sshbnangïd
@l pnbds
pdadjrds, `a R`r Nsburn s` bnlstruy` d pdrthr m` ad odamdm hlodbuadmd y ad
oda`vna`lbhd purd ln dmuat`rdmd. M` ad ohsod odl`rd, pdrt` m` ad bnlmhbhòl
kuodld `s ad Rhlguadrhmdm Nsburd qu` lhlguld p`rsnld dabdlzd. Ad p`rsnld
qu` oäs s` db`rbd d `stn `s `a hllnvdmnr y pshbòthbn `xtr`on qu` s`
dprnv`bkd m` ans m`oäs bnl ul oïlhon m` hlsphrdbhòl u nje`thvn pdrd sus
dbthvhmdm`s.
Xd qu` tnmn bnopnrtdoh`ltn th`l` ul prnpòshtn, `a Xn Nsburn `s ul m`sthln
hm`da da qu` lulbd s` aa`gò. @a Xn Nsburn `stä b`rbd, p`rn shl aa`gdr. @a b`ltrn
m`a Xn Nsburn s` `xpahbd o`enr bnon "M`pr`mdmnr`s qu` snl vïbthods shl
prnpòshtn". Budltn oäs s` db`rbd uld p`rsnld da Xn Nsburn, oubkn oäs
 

knrr`lmn y shlh`strn, sus dbbhnl`s s` kdb`l r`dahmdm. Da ohson th`opn, su

onmus np`rdlmh s` vu`av` oubkn o`lns m`ahj`rdmn. Bnon s` kd
o`lbhnldmn, `st` `s ul prhlbhphn djstrdbtn qu` `st` dutnr trdzdrä `l sus
trdjdens pnst`rhnr`s.
Pl prhlbhphn pshbnaòghbn y tdojhèl r`ia`xhvn pdrd `lt`lm`r budlmn s`
dv`lturdl d hodghldr bnglhthvdo`lt`, ad Rhlguadrhmdm Nsburd, `s qu` tnmn `a
bnopnrtdoh`ltn th`l` ul prnpòshtn. @st` `sbrhtnr tuvn `a knlnr m` t`rohldr su
pnsgrdmn d o`mhdmns m` ans 83 `l `a Dma`r Bnaa`g` m` Bkhbdgn, Haahlnhs.
Dair`m Dma`r iu` ul oèmhbn m`a oha`lhn, dsï bnon ul pshbnt`rdp`utd qu` iu`
ul onm`rln m` Rhgoulm Ir`um, Bdra Eulg, y ul hlbr`ïja` ihaòsnin tdojhèl.
D trdvès m` ans `stumhns m` `st` dutnr, `lt`lmhò ad odynrïd m` ads t`nrïds m`
Dma`r. Kdstd dknrd, `st` `sbrhtnr trdmub` su oulmn s`gõl an m`ihlhmn pnr
Dair`m Dma`r, `st` idltästhbn oèmhbn baïlhbn y pshbnt`rdp`utd. Dma`r t`lïd
vdrhns bnlb`ptns m` ans käjhtns kuodlns, y tdojhèl `st` dutnr hlbnrpnrò
oubkns m` oäs
tr`s hm`ds `aans vdahnsds
d an adrgnm`m` Dma`r
su bnlstrubbhòl m` ad Sshbnangïd
pdrd m`sdrrnaadr Nsburd.
`a bnlb`ptn snl Ads
ads
shguh`lt`s.
Dma`r p`lsò qu` tnmds ads dbbhnl`s t`lïdl ul prnpòshtn. M`sm` `a ohlutn `l
qu` ldb`ons kdstd `a mïd `l qu` idaa`b`ons, tnmn an qu` dsuohons, r`dao`lt`
s`lthons, dsï bnon kdb`ons th`l` ul prnpòshtn. Ldmd m` an qu` adlzdons
murdlt` lu`strd `sp`rdlzd m` vhmd nburr` da dzdr. Dulqu` su ihansniïd pu`m`
pdr`b`r djurrhmd da prhlbhphn, `s jdstdlt` hltrhlbdmd. Bnl `std idbhahmdm `l
o`lt`, ad rdzòl pnr ad qu` ans hlmhvhmuns snl jnlmdmnsns `s qu` nir`b` d `s`
hlmhvhmun s`ran yd qu` mhsirutdl m` ads r`bnop`lsds m` ad dprnjdbhòl m` sus
bnopdô`rns, m` sus s`r`s qu`rhmns y tdojhèl m` ad bnoulhmdm.
Eòv`l`s hlstruhmns pdrd s`r dodja`s, buhmdmnsns, y tdojhèl bnltrhjuhr d t`l`r
o`enr`s grdmns m` dprnjdbhòl y p`rt`l`lbhd d ul `quhpn. Sdrd Dma`r, s`lthrs`
pdrt` n uld iu`rt` m`odlmd m` db`ptdbhòl pnr pdrt` m` ans m`oäs `rd ad
iulbhòl m` ans käjhtns m` präbthbd sdaumdja`s. Aa`vdlmn su bnlb`ptn m` qu`
tnmns ans pdtrnl`s th`l`l ul prnpòshtn da `xtr`on npu`stn m`a `sp`btrn, ads
dbbhnl`s odaèvnads tdojhèl nir`b`l ul prnpòshtn.
Dma`r dsuohò qu` ads p`rsnlds qu` dbtõdl m` odl`rd knstha n ln db`ptdmd
`stdjdl r`spnlmh`lmn d ul prniulmn s`lthoh`ltn m` hlbdpdbhmdm. Budlmn ads
p`rsnlds bnlshm`rdl qu` ln snl pdrt` m` ul `quhpn snbhda n ln snl db`ptdmds
pnr èa, pdsdl d r`bhjhr hlstrubbhnl`s dmv`rsds. D o`mhmd qu` s` da`edl dõl
 

oäs m` su prnpòshtn nrhghlda m` inrodr pdrt` m` uld bnlstrubbhòl snbhda, s`

da`edl dõl oäs m`a trdtn bnl ans m`oäs bnl g`l`rnshmdm, r`sp`tn y mhglhmdm.
Jden `st` prhlbhphn, ad Sshbnangïd Nsburd ph`lsd qu` `a 88,88% m` tnmds ads
dbbhnl`s th`l`l ul prnpòshtn. Da hguda qu` Ir`um y Eulg, Dma`r s` hlsbrhjhò `l
ad ihansniïd m` ad ]`a`nangïd.
Dm`oäs, d o`mhmd qu` ads p`rsnlds s` mhsudm`l shglhihbdthvdo`lt`, s`
s`pdrdl, dsï bnon su `ltnrln snbhda s` irdgo`ltd bdmd v`z oäs, budltn oäs
s` drr`o`t`l bnltrd ntrns m` odl`rd hl`stdja`. Pl `e`opan `xb`a`lt` y
tdojhèl uld räphmd haustrdbhòl s`rïd shl mumd `a pshbòthbn ldrbhshstd. @a
pshbòthbn ldrbhshstd `s hlbr`ïja`o`lt` `gnïstd, m`sbujr` qu` s` bnopadb` `l
bdzdr d ntrns, ` hlbausn kdb` usn m` ntrns d prnpòshtn shl r`onrmhoh`ltn. @a
bnlb`ptn m` käjhtns hlt`lbhnlda`s `s iulmdo`ltda pdrd ad bnopr`lshòl m` ad
Sshbnangïd Nsburd.
Bnon s` kd s`ôdadmn dlt`rhnro`lt`, `st` `sbrhtnr br`` ihro`o`lt` qu` tnmn `a
bnopnrtdoh`ltn
s` kuodln@st`
mhi`r`lbhd m` Dma`r. `s 88,88%
3,34% `shlt`lbhnlda. @a 3,34%
`a Xn Nsburn. r`stdlt`
M` tnmns `s mnlm`
ans bnlb`ptns
m` Dma`r, ad dsulbhòl m` tnmns ans käjhtns bnon prnpòshtn `s `s`lbhda pdrd
`lt`lm`r ad Sshbnangïd Nsburd. Rhl `ojdrgn, vdrïd ul pnbn `l `a thpn oäs
s`v`rn m` käjhtns kuodlns mdôhlns.
@a s`gulmn prhlbhphn t`òrhbn qu` Dma`r `sp`bhihbò bnon prhlbhpda `l ad
Sshbnangïd Nsburd `s ad hm`d m`a prnb`sdoh`ltn p`rsnlda. ]nmns t`l`ons
p`lsdoh`ltns, s`lthoh`ltns y dbbhnl`s, `l ans qu` ads bnglhbhnl`s y ans
`stdmns di`bthvns di`btdl ads np`rdbhnl`s. Snr ntrn admn, ads dbbhnl`s m` ul
hlmhvhmun hliauy`l `l sus bnglhbhnl`s y tdojhèl `l sus `onbhnl`s.
@sp`bhihbdmn
bnleultn m` tr`sbnon ul shst`od
n trhlhmdm m` ad n`xp`rh`lbhd
an qu` Dma`r aadoò
kuodld s` uld bnlst`adbhòl,
bnopr`lm` bnon ul`a
shst`od nrjhtda m` hm`ds, s`lthoh`ltns dsï bnon bnopnrtdoh`ltns.
Br`ïd qu` ads `xp`rh`lbhds m` ans dôns m` ad hlidlbhd, `a pnshbhnldoh`ltn m`a
nrm`l m` ldbhoh`ltn, ad mhläohbd m` ans kngdr`s, ad datd bdahmdm m` ad
db`ptdbhòl snbhda dsï bnon ads bdrdbt`rïsthbds m` hli`rhnrhmdm vs. supr`odbïd
iulbhnldjdl m` odl`rd qu` m`sdrrnaadjdl ad `xp`rh`lbhd p`rb`pthvd m` ad
p`rsnld y su trdy`btnrhd m` bnoprnohsn bnl su oulmn.
@a o`mhn oäs bnlv`lh`lt` pdrd `lt`lm`r `a odl`en suje`thvn, dsï bnon `a
odrbn präbthbn, `s vhsudahzdr ul pdr m` gdids m` sna. @stds gdids m` snojrd
ihatrdl ad auz y tdojhèl prnt`g`l ans nens m` ans p`ahgrnsns rdyns m`a sna. Rus
 

nens r`pr`s`ltdl ad r`dahmdm r`da, y tdojhèl ads gdids m` sna r`pr`s`ltdl `a

mhspnshthvn m` su shst`od m` ihatrdmn qu` mhstnrshnld ad `xhst`lbhd m` ad auz
snadr `xtr`od. Dsï, sus "gdids m` sna p`rb`pthvds" ihatrdl, bdojhdl y dat`rdl ad
inrod `l qu` hlt`rpr`tdl ad hlinrodbhòl y r`spnlm`l s`gõl s`d l`b`sdrhn.
Dsï `s bnon iulbhnld lu`strn odl`en suje`thvn p`rn dpahbdmn d ad bnlmhbhòl
kuodld. @a k`bkn `xhst` y th`l` augdr `l tnmn ono`ltn snjr` lnsntrns. @a
prnb`sdoh`ltn suje`thvn ihatrd lu`strd v`rmdm d dojns `sbumns y lns prnt`g`
m` an qu` s`lthons qu` pnmrïd s`r bnltrdhlmhbdmn d lu`strns nje`thvns m`
prnpòshtn. Rh `a kuodln s` m`sdrrnaad `l budaquh`r dojh`lt` mnlm` v` qu` s`
bnlvh`rt` `l pdrt` m`, vh`l` m`, y `s db`ptdmn, su mhspnshthvn m` shst`od m`
ihatrdmn m` prnb`sdoh`ltn suje`thvn p`roht` uld `ltrdmd qu` `s oubkn oäs
pr`bhsd. Pl hlmhvhmun hlt`rdbtuò snbhdao`lt` `l an qu` p`rbhj` bnon ul
`ltnrln irustrdlt`6 su odl`en s` mhstnrshnld y tdojhèl s` bnopahbd bnl `a
ldrbhshson y ad vdlhmdm.

@l r`adbhòl
p`rsnlds bnl su
ihatrdl ad oulmn
Sshbnangïd Nsburd,`a`aodl`en
uthahzdlmn nje`thvn `s pr`suohr
suje`thvn. qu` tnmds
Dqu`aads ads
p`rsnlds
qu` snl dgr`shvds, t`rrhja`s n djushvds s` pnl`l ul pdr m` tïphbns a`lt`s m` sna
qu` snl bh`gns y tdojhèl jnrrnsns. @stns hlmhvhmuns v`l qu` ntrns `stäl
`op`ôdmns `l mdôdrans y s` r`ujhbdl pdrd dsdatdrans n odlhpuadrans
hlhbhdao`lt`. Ru prnb`sdoh`ltn m`inrod su kdjhtuda onm`sthd, dbtns m`
bdrhmdm dsï bnon `a datruhson. Ans dbtns m` jnlmdm t`rohldl sh`lmn
`xp`rh`lbhds mhi`r`lt`s n uthahzdmds pdrd bnltrnadr su `ltnrln snbhda mhrhghmds
pnr ul oètnmn `gnbèltrhbn, Np`rdlmh.
@a t`rb`r prhlbhphn vdahnsn pdrd `lt`lm`r ad Sshbnangïd Nsburd `s `a bnlb`ptn
m` Sdshòlm`Rnbhda
bnleultn m` Dma`r.hm`ds
p`rb`pbhnl`s, @a Hlt`rès Rnbhda,
y tdojhèl prnpu`stnqu`pnrs` Dma`r,
s`lthoh`ltns `s `ad
`quhpdrdl
ans käjhtns m`a ju`l bnrdzòl. Mhbkn m` ntrd odl`rd, budltn oäs datn s` sh`ltd
ul hlmhvhmun dprnjdmn pnr ans m`oäs, oäs s` s`lthrä pdrt` m` `aans, dsï bnon
`a s`lthmn oäs datn m` p`rt`l`lbhd d ans vïlbuans mhr`btns m` ad Sdshòl Rnbhda
m` uld p`rsnld. Ads p`rsnlds bnl datd Sdshòl Rnbhda snl ldturdao`lt`
dodja`s, g`l`rnsds, mdmnrds y r`b`pthvds. Bdmd uld m` `stds budahmdm`s m` ad
Sdshòl Rnbhda snahmhihbd o`enr su prnb`sn suje`thvn pdrd s`r idvnrdja` y
tdojhèl bnopdshvn. @a datn hlt`rès snbhda `quhvda` d uld r`mubhmd hliau`lbhd
m` ad Sshbnangïd Nsburd.
Bnlshm`rdmn `stn, tnmns t`l`ons ul Dsp`btn Nsburn m`ltrn m` lnsntrns6 ad
p`rsnld bnl datn Hlt`rès Rnbhda odlth`l` su Ydrhdja` Nsburd suprhohmd.
 

Budltn o`lnr s`d ad Sdshòl Rnbhda, odynr `s ad prnjdjhahmdm m` qu` `a

Dsp`btn Nsburn s` odt`rhdahb`. Budlmn ul hlmhvhmun s` sh`lt` hlkhjhmn, ln s`
sh`lt` pdrt` m`, ln `xp`rho`ltd ul s`lthoh`ltn m` dprnjdbhòl dsï bnon
p`rbhj` su oulmn bnon dhsadlt`, vd d uld do`ldzd odynr pnr `xkhjhr
r`dbbhnl`s knstha`s hlõtha`s. Bnl`btdmn d Dair`m Dma`r y ans käjhtns m`
prnpòshtn, `a odl`en suje`thvn, y ad tdsd m` hlt`rès snbhda snl prhodrhns pdrd
r`bnlnb`r ad Sshbnangïd Nsburd.
Ad Sshbnangïd Nsburd `s uld bnlstrubbhòl dbdmèohbd bnopu`std m` uld
bnophadbhòl m` ans prhlbhphns r`ia`xhvns m` Dair`m Dma`r, Bdra Eulg, ad
`xp`rh`lbhd baïlhbd m` `st` dutnr bnon pshbòangn, sus kdjhahmdm`s `sbnadr`s
dsï bnon prni`shnlda`s bnon pshbnt`rdp`utd inr`ls`/brhohlda, dsï bnon ads
oubkds mhsbushnl`s bnl ans qu` mhsirutdl dsï bnon bnl sus bnopdô`rns m`
trdjden murdlt` oubkns dôns `l r`adbhòl bnl `a bnopnrtdoh`ltn m`svhdmn.
 

dpt`r 4=5  R`ôda`s bnoul`s m` qu` `stäs sh`lmn

odlhpuadmn
Budlmn t` dp`gds d daguh`l qu` dods m` ad inrod `l qu` `s y tdojhèl db`ptds

i`ahzo`lt`
hopnrtdlt` qu` bdojh`s
s`d m` addagulds
ohsod bnsds
odl`rd. S`rn
`l th kdy `l
y ntrds ono`ltns
tu pdr`ed`lpdrd
anso`enrdr
qu` `s
tu r`adbhòl. Kdy ono`ltns `l uld r`adbhòl `l ans qu` `oph`zds d p`lsdr qu`
tu pdr`ed kd m`edmn m` pr`nbupdrs` pnr th, s` kd vu`atn `gnbèltrhbd n kd
`op`zdmn d hopnl`rt` bnsds. Kdy p`qu`ôds bnsds qu` da prhlbhphn a`
pdr`b`rïdl tdl jnlhtds bnon bnbhldr ju`ld bnohmd pdrd su odrhmn y m`bhra`
murdlt` ad b`ld qu` kd bknbdmn bnl `a bnbk` budlmn kd sdahmn. D v`b`s `stä
jh`l, p`rn a`ltdo`lt` sh `stds bnsds s` vu`av`l oäs nsburds y prniulmds
pu`m` s`r uld grdl pr`nbupdbhòl pdrd ust`m.
Ad odlhpuadbhòl bnoh`lzd m`sm` `a lhv`a m`a su`an y pu`m` aa`gdr kdstd `a
bh`an. @r`sbnsds
p`qu`ôds tõ quh`l th`l` qu` `l
s` bnlvh`rt`l `stdja`b`r
grdlm`s.ansRh`opr`
aïoht`s m`j`s
y `lt`lm`r
t`l`r budlmn `stds
ad bnlihdlzd
pdrd kdjadr y npnl`rt` d dagn qu` ln `stä jh`l y `l bnltrd m` tu m`s`n.
Rh`opr` m`j`s pr`gultdrt` sh th`l`s `a vdanr m` m`bhr qu` ln budlmn ln
quh`r`s kdb`r dagn. Ad g`lt` odlhpuadmnrd `ahg` `sp`bhdao`lt` d ans
bnopdô`rns qu` pu`m`l s`r iäbhao`lt` odlhpuadmns yd qu` a`s gustd qu` ads
bnsds sub`mdl d su odl`rd.
S`rn `stds p`rsnlds odlhpuadmnrds snl r`dao`lt` sdjhds y ln t` m`edrïdl v`r
`stds s`ôda`s da prhlbhphn m` ad r`adbhòl. Rh`opr` m`j`s `stdr da`rtd `l tu
r`adbhòl y sh njs`rvds qu` ads p`qu`ôds do`ldzds s` bnlvh`rt`l `l grdlm`s y
sh
uldlnbadrd
`stäss`ôda
m` dbu`rmn
m` qu`bnl an qu`
`stäs bnl mhb`l, `a grdl `lidmn
ul bnopdô`rn n ad dgr`shvhmdm,
odlhpuadmnr. Bnon sh `s
tu
pdr`ed ln r`sp`tdrd tu m`bhshòl hlbausn m`spuès m` qu` a` `xpahqu`s
badrdo`lt` tus rdznl`s y dõl dsï hlt`lt`s kdb`r ads bnsds s`gõl tus m`s`ns,
shglhihbd qu` `s `gnïstd y ln a` pr`nbupd an qu` quh`r`s m` ad vhmd.
Ans odlhpuadmnr`s ln bdojhdl m` ad lnbk` d ad odôdld. @s sòan qu` sus
p`qu`ôds m`odlmds s` kdb`l oäs grdlm`s mïd d mïd y su tna`rdlbhd pdrd
db`ptdr ul "ln" s` kdb` oäs p`qu`ôd bnl bdmd mïd qu` pdsd. ]nmn tu th`opn
pnmrïd pdsdr p`lsdlmn sh quh`r`s `stdr `l `std r`adbhòl n ln. Ans
p`lsdoh`ltns qu` t` vh`l`l d ad o`lt` t` bnliulm`l budlmn pnr ul admn
pu`m`s p`lsdr qu` `a donr shglhihbd mdr y pnr ntrn admn pu`m`s p`lsdr qu` `a
donr m`j` s`r hlbnlmhbhnlda. S`rn brè`o`, sh quh`r`s pdsdr tu vhmd i`ahz, `l
 

pdz y m` dbu`rmn d tus m`s`ns, `ltnlb`s sdahr m` ad r`adbhòl `s sustdlbhda pdrd

th. Su`m` qu` t` r`suat` mhiïbha m`bhr qu` ln y qu`mdrt` shl tu pdr`ed, p`rn t`
idbhahtdrä ad vhmd y pnmräs vhvhrad s`gõl tus prnphns tèrohlns.
D v`b`s, ad g`lt` ln `s bdpdz m` m`bhr qu` ln pnrqu` th`l`l oh`mn `l su
o`lt` m` bòon r`dbbhnldrïdl budlmn mhe`rds qu` ln. Navïmdt` m` tu
bnopnrtdoh`ltn bnopadbh`lt` bnl ad g`lt`, ph`lsd `l th ohson, budlmn m`e`s
m` dgdbkdrt` pdrd kdb`r i`ahz d tnmn `a oulmn, `ltnlb`s `s budlmn t` s`lthräs
s`gurn y s`räs quh`l `r`s. Dknrd sdj`s qu` `s brubhda mdr ul pdsn budlmn t`
mds bu`ltd m` qu` tu pdr`ed `s odlhpuadmnrd. S`rn prho`rn `lt`lmdons jh`l
ans shglns m` ul dodlt` odlhpuadmnr
]` prnvnbdl... Budlmn ln th`l`l ldmd qu` m`bhr y `stäl iu`rd m` ad
mhsbushòl, t` prnvnbdl. Snmrïdl kdb`r bnsds qu` t` kdrïdl `lnedr y
m`s`lbdm`ldr tus `onbhnl`s l`gdthvds. @a õlhbn prnpòshtn m` kdb`r
`s qu` quh`r`l qu` t` p`rohtds uld p`a`d shl s`lthmn pdrd qu`
pu`mdl usdr hll`b`sdrhdo`lt`,
phlbkälmnt` dagn `l su m`i`lsd.anRh sh`lt`s
o`enr qu`t``stäl
`s qu` `xdg`rdlmn
bdao`s y
y trdt`s m`
odlt`l`rt` `l `a t`od. Rh ln pu`m`s kdb`r `sn, `ltnlb`s trdtd m`
t`rohldr ad mhsbushòl bnrtèso`lt`.
Rdj`l usdr trubns. Rh`opr` `stäl ahstns bnl sus trubns subhns pdrd
bnls`guhr an qu` quh`r`l. ]` p`mhrïdl grdlm`s bnsds m` tda odl`rd
qu` `stäl phmh`lmn dagulns p`qu`ôns idvnr`s. Rnl ouy hlt`ahg`lt`s
y sdj`l bòon trdtdr bnl mhi`r`lt`s thpns m` p`rsnlds. Snr `e`opan,
mhrïdl qu` sh ln pnm`ons hr d b`ldr d ul r`stdurdlt` a`edln, vdydons
d ul r`stdurdlt` b`rbdln d bno`r bnohmd bkhld. Ad õlhbd npbhòl
qu` m`edrïdl
r`burrhr d suspdrd th `s
trubns yd s`a`bbhnldr ad oäs
qu` ln sh`opr` `s iäbha. S`rn ln
hopnrtdlt` m`j`s
dyumdr y
m`j`s dyumdr sh quh`r`s, ln pnrqu` t` m`l npbhnl`s.
]èblhbd m` odlhpuadbhòl. @l `st` oètnmn hlt`ltdl mhstnrshnldr `a
pdsdmn y t`rghv`rsdr ans k`bkns pdrd qu` t` bnliulmdl. Kdb`l
pr`gultds bnon5 "¾Ln t` aadoè> ¾Snr què ln t` aadodrïd budlmn sè
qu` o` l`b`shtds> @stdrïdl tdl s`gurns m` qu` `oph`zds d mumdr m`
tu prnphd o`onrhd. Rdj`l ouy jh`l `l què ono`ltn s` m`j` usdr.
Sdrd m`skdb`rs` m` `std odavdmd täbthbd sh`opr` m`j`s bnlihdr `l tu
o`onrhd y m`bhra`s qu` r`bu`rmds an qu` mhehst`. M` `std odl`rd, n
jh`l m`edräl m` usdr `std tèblhbd n da o`lns t`lmräl buhmdmn m` qu`
r`bu`rm`s ouy jh`l an qu` mhb`s y kdb`s.
 

Sr`shnldrt`-  ]nmn `a oulmn sdj` qu` sh tuvh`rds o`lns th`opn

pdrd tnodr m`bhshnl`s, ln pnmrïds v`r tnmns ans dsp`btns m` ad
shtudbhòl. @stn `s an qu` ans odlhpuadmnr`s kdb`l `l uld r`adbhòl.
Rh`opr` t` pr`shnldl pdrd qu` tno`s m`bhshnl`s oäs räphmn mälmnt`
o`lns th`opn budlmn ln quh`r`l qu` ph`ls`s oubkn `l dagn. Snr an
tdltn, sh`opr` `s ju`ln p`mhr dagn m` th`opn, pdrd qu` pu`mds v`r
ans prns y ans bnltrds m` t s`gõl tõ y bnoprnjdr sh t` bnlvh`l`. Rh
tnmdvïd quh`r`l qu` t` m`s prhsd, `ltnlb`s dodja`o`lt` r`spnlm`
qu` `stäs p`lsdlmn `l `aan y l`b`shtds dagn m` th`opn pdrd tnodr ad
m`bhshòl.
Bkdltde` `onbhnlda-  @st` `s ul shgln ouy bnoõl m` ul
odlhpuadmnr6 snl ouy ju`lns pdrd bkdltde`drt` `onbhnldao`lt`.
Rh`opr` trdtdl m` kdb`rt` `a pultn oäs mèjha m` th y ou`strdl
hls`gurhmdm mhbh`lmn irds`s bnon, onrhrè shl th n ln pu`mn vhvhr shl
th, `tb. Hlt`ltdl do`ldzdr su sdaum y su vhmd p`rn ln s` an tnodl
m`odshdmn `l s`rhn yd qu` `s sòan uld do`ldzd. Dm`oäs, sh mhb`l
dagn dsï, sòan mha`s qu` kdgds an qu` kdgds, ln s`räs r`spnlsdja` m`
`aan.
Ans odlhpuadmnr`s `l uld r`adbhòl sh`opr` onstrdräl qu` `s tu
`rrnr y `aans snl ads vïbthods pnr `aan. Rh`opr` t` kdrïdl buapdja`
mhbh`lmn5 "Rdj`s qu` t`lgn tdltn trdjden `l uld nihbhld, m`ed m` s`r
`gnïstd, `tb.", an qu` t` kdrïd s`lthr buapdja`. S`rn ln t` sh`ltds dsï6
odltèl ad bdaod y kdza`s v`r qu` snl r`spnlsdja`s m` su
bnopnrtdoh`ltn. @vhtdl ad r`spnlsdjhahmdm y sòan trdtdl m`
bnlv`rthrs` `l vïbthods onstrdlmn qu` snl hls`gurns y s`
j`l`ihbhdl m` th. Kdb`l `sds bnsds pdrd aadodr ad dt`lbhòl m` ust`m
pdrd qu` su donr y pr`nbupdbhòl pnr `aans duo`lt`. S`rn m`j`s
`stdr pr`pdrdmn y sdj`r buälmn pr`stdr dt`lbhòl y buälmn `vhtdr.
@vhtdr mhsbushnl`s- Ans odlhpuadmnr`s `vhtdl `l ad odynrïd m` ans
bdsns mhsbuthr prnja`ods bnoul`s `ltr` dojns n r`adbhnldmns bnl
ad idohahd. Rh`opr` hlt`ltdräl t`rohldr ad mhsbushòl dlt`s m` qu`
`oph`b` n lh shquh`rd `sbubkdr an qu` quh`r`s m`bhr. Sdrd `aan,
sh`opr` m`j` ds`gurdrs` m` qu` s` bhô` d su pultn m` vhstd y
kdb`ra`s `lt`lm`r qu` `s hopnrtdlt` y dbadrdran.
Bdojhdr ul odlhpuadmnr `s ouy mhiïbha yd qu` `s ul rdsgn m` bdräbt`r. @stds
p`rsnlds snl mhiïbha`s m` bdojhdr yd qu` a`s `lbdltd odlt`l`ran dulqu` a`s
 

bu`st` `stdr s`pdrdmns. Rh`opr` `s ju`ln mdr `st` pdsn sh ln s` v` lhlgõl

bdojhn `l ad p`rsnld pnrqu` sh`opr` `s ju`ln tnodrs` ad ona`sthd uld v`z
`l v`z m` dadrgdrad tnmd ad vhmd. Ad s`pdrdbhòl, `a mhvnrbhn n ad rupturd ln snl
pdadjrds p`qu`ôds. ]nmds `stds bnsds r`quh`r`l oubkn vdanr y th`opn dlt`s
m` tnodr `std m`bhshòl. Kdy oubkds bnsds qu` dldahzdr y v`r sh tu m`bhshòl `s
ad bnrr`btd. Ln `s s`lbhaan pr`gultdrs` d sï ohson què `s an qu` `stä sh`lmn
vïbthod m` ad odlhpuadbhòl y njt`l`r ad r`spu`std.
Ln, ln iulbhnld dsï, prho`rn th`l`s qu` `op`zdr d mdrt` bu`ltd m` ads bnsds.
Pld v`z qu` t` mds bu`ltd, sòan tõ pu`m`s `lbnltrdr ad odl`rd m` sdahr m` ad
trdopd m` ad odlhpuadbhòl. Dquï kdy uld ahstd m` dagulns pultns qu` m`j`s
bnoprnjdr bnlthgn ohson y v`r sh t` sh`lt`s dsï, `ltnlb`s `s `a ono`ltn m`
tnodr uld pnshbhòl pnr th ohson5
Z`spnlsdjhahmdm... Rh`opr` ph`lsds qu` th`l`s uld njahgdbhòl bnl
tu pdr`ed. Sh`lsds qu` `r`s `a õlhbn r`spnlsdja` m` odlt`l`rans
i`ahb`s
`stèl `ln trhst`s.
tu vhmd.LnRhsdj`s
th`l`sad `s`
rdzòl,
thpnp`rn t` sh`lt`s
m` bdrgd dgrdm`bhmn
`l tu o`lt` y m`
qu`qu`
t`
kdb`l s`lthr r`spnlsdja` m` tnmds ads dbbhnl`s y tdojhèl mhb`l qu`
m`p`lm` m` th bòon `s su `stdmn m` älhon y bòon r`dbbhnldl. @l
`st` thpn m` shtudbhnl`s, sh`opr` m`j`s `op`zdr d mdr ul pdsn dträs
y v`r sh `aans sh`lt`l an ohson. M`ed m` s`lthrt` dgrdm`bhmn m` qu`
t` quh`rdl bnon tõ d `aans.
Oh`mn... Rh t`o`s sus hlbòonmds pdusds budlmn hlt`ltds m`bhr qu`
ln, pnr idvnr, m`ed m` dsustdrt`. Rh tu pdr`ed t` phm` qu` kdgds dagn y
budlmn quh`r`s m`bhr qu` ln p`rn budlmn t` ohrdl ihedo`lt`, ph`rm`s
`a vdanr y`lkdb`s
ahj`rtdm an qu` t`
tu r`adbhòl, pnrmhb`l. @stn
an qu` ln `s uld `a
th`l`s s`ôda m` m`
vdanr qu`kdjadr.
ln th`l`s
Ln
th`l` s`lthmn s`r uld r`adbhòl `l ad qu` ln pu`mds djrhrt` y
odlt`l`r tu nphlhòl. M`j`rïds t`l`r `a bnrde` m` kdjadr y dõl dsï, sh
ads bnsds ln o`enrdl, `ltnlb`s oõmdt`.
Eusthihbdbhòl-  Rh th`l`s qu` eusthihbdr bdmd dbbhòl qu` tnods y ln
th`l`s `a m`r`bkn m` `a`ghr pnr th ohson, ln `stäs bnl ad p`rsnld
dm`budmd. Dm`oäs, ln m`j`s eusthihbdrt` p`lsdlmn qu` m`p`lm`s m`
`aans y qu` `aans sdj`l oäs. Ln m`e`s qu` `stds `xbusds kdgdl uld
r`m d tu dar`m`mnr. Rè vdah`lt` y bnlihdmn pdrd sdj`r què `s an o`enr
pdrd th y ln sh`ltds qu` l`b`shtds d daguh`l qu` tno` m`bhshnl`s pnr
th. @sp`rd ad r`dbbhòl y `lirèltdad bnl vda`ltïd.
 

dpt`r 405  @lt`lmh`lmn `a dbtn m` bnltrna o`ltda

¾Buäa `s `a dbtn m` bnltrna o`ltda>
@a tèrohln bnltrna o`ltda th`l` oubkds m`ihlhbhnl`s ` hlt`rpr`tdbhnl`s, p`rn
an brubhda `s qu` ln hopahbd lhlgõl thpn m` odghd n kdjhahmdm snjr`ldturda6
sòan r`quh`r` uld bnopr`lshòl rumho`ltdrhd m` ads `onbhnl`s y `a
bnopnrtdoh`ltn kuodln. @a bnltrna o`ltda pu`m` hopahbdr advdr `a b`r`jrn
m` uld p`rsnld, r``mubdrad, r`inrodr sus p`lsdoh`ltns, usdr tèblhbds
bn`rbhthvds pdrd p`rsudmhrad m` bh`rtds bnsds, n jdrr`ra` `a b`r`jrn. Kdy
oubkds inrods m` bnltrna o`ltda, p`rn pdrd lu`strns prnpòshtns, v`r`ons `a
bnlb`ptn `l tèrohlns g`l`rda`s. @a bnltrna o`ltda shglhihbd qu` uld p`rsnld
`stä trdtdlmn m` kdb`r qu` ntrns sh`ltdl, ph`ls`l n s` bnopnrt`l m` bh`rtd
odl`rd, n qu` r`dbbhnl`l y tno`l m`bhshnl`s shguh`lmn ul m`t`rohldmn
pdtròl. Su`m` vdrhdr m`sm` uld bkhbd qu` hlt`ltd qu` su lnvhn m`sdrrnaa`
bh`rtns käjhtns, kdstd ul aïm`r m` buatn qu` hlt`ltd bnlv`lb`r d sus s`guhmnr`s
m` qu` èa `s Mhns.
@a bnltrna o`ltda s` jdsd `l uld bnsd5 hlinrodbhòl. ]`l`ons ans
p`lsdoh`ltns y br``lbhds qu` t`l`ons pnrqu` ans dpr`lmhons. Budlmn lns
sno`t`ons d lu`vd hlinrodbhòl m` inrod m`ahj`rdmd y bnlshst`lt`, `s pnshja`
dat`rdr lu`strds br``lbhds, p`lsdoh`ltns n hlbausn r`bu`rmns. @a b`r`jrn `stä
prngrdodmn pdrd snjr`vhvhr, y bnl `s` ihl, `s ouy ju`ln pdrd dpr`lm`r
hlinrodbhòl qu` `s brubhda pdrd lu`strd sup`rvhv`lbhd. Budlmn r`bhj`s bh`rtd
hlinrodbhòl m` inrod bnlshst`lt`, tu b`r`jrn `op`zdrä d br``rad dulqu`
s`pds qu` ln `s v`rmdm. Snr `e`opan, hlbausn sh `r`s ad p`rsnld oäs rdbhnlda
qu` `xhst`, sh t` bnl`btds d Hlt`rl`t y v`s 433 vïm`ns snjr` bh`rtd t`nrïd m` ad
bnlsphrdbhòl, `op`zdräs d br``rad kdstd bh`rtn pultn. @sn `xpahbd pnr què ad
g`lt` qu` pdr`b` hlt`ahg`lt` pu`m` t`rohldr sh`lmn dmnbtrhldmd `l buatns n
hlbausn `l grupns t`rrnrhstds.
@a bnltrna o`ltda tdojhèl iulbhnld oäs `ihbdzo`lt` budlmn s` m`p`lm` m` ad
p`rsnld qu` `stä trdtdlmn m` bnltrnadr su o`lt`. Hlbausn `l ads r`adbhnl`s
hlvnaultdrhds, ad vïbthod pu`m` `op`zdr d bnoprdr ad vhshòl m`a oulmn m`a
p`rp`trdmnr sh kd m`p`lmhmn m`a ohson murdlt` oubkn th`opn. @sn `xpahbd
i`lòo`lns bnon `a sïlmrno` m` @stnbnaon (`l `a qu` ads p`rsnlds
s`bu`strdmds n r`t`lhmds bnon r`k`l`s `oph`zdl d s`r di`btunsds bnl sus
bdptnr`s
qu` `r`s ym`odshdmn
d `opdthzdr bnl sus bdusds).
hlt`ahg`lt` pdrd qu`An
`a p`nr qu`o`ltda
bnltrna pu`m`siulbhnl`
kdb`r `sbnlthgn.
dsuohr
 

Jden ads bhrbulstdlbhds dm`budmds, budaquh`rd pu`m` s`r p`rsudmhmn m`

djdlmnldr su vhshòl m`a oulmn y dmnptdr ad m` ntrd p`rsnld. Ans eu`gns
o`ltda`s snl trubns `lbujh`rtns qu` s` kdb`l m`ahj`rdmdo`lt` pdrd
odlhpuadr d daguh`l. Sh`lsd `l `aans bnon tèblhbds m` odlhpuadbhòl
pshbnaòghbd "drt`sdlda`s". Oh`ltrds qu` ntrds tèblhbds s` dpahbdl
dopahdo`lt`, ans eu`gns o`ltda`s s` br`dl pdrd mhrhghrs` d p`rsnlds ouy
`sp`bïihbds. Iulbhnldl o`enr budlmn ad vïbthod bnliïd `l `a p`rp`trdmnr, y `a
p`rp`trdmnr `lth`lm` ad p`rsnldahmdm y `a bnopnrtdoh`ltn m` ad vïbthod. Ad
odynrïd m` ads tèblhbds m` odlhpuadbhòl pshbnaòghbd pu`m`l s`r usdmds
budlmn s` br`dl eu`gns o`ltda`s. Pld p`rsnld qu` t` `lth`lm` t` mhrä bh`rtds
bnsds n s` bnopnrtdrä m` bh`rtds odl`rds d tu dar`m`mnr pnrqu` `stä trdtdlmn
m`ahj`rdmdo`lt` m` qu` r`dbbhnl`s m` bh`rtd odl`rd. Bdsh sh`opr` hopahbd
ihlghr bh`rtds `onbhnl`s.
Ad g`lt` qu` eu`gd eu`gns o`ltda`s usd ad bnoulhbdbhòl m` snlhmn hlnb`lt`
pdrd njt`l`r r`dbbhnl`s bdabuadmds m` th. Ans pshbòangns s` r`ih`r`l d `stns
u`gns o`ltda`s bnon "ad supr`odbïd bnlsbh`lt`", y kdl njs`rvdmn qu`
nburr`l `l tnmds ads är`ds m` ad vhmd. Ans eu`gns o`ltda`s nburr`l `l ad
pnaïthbd m` nihbhld, `l ads r`adbhnl`s p`rsnlda`s, ` hlbausn `l ad mhpanodbhd
hlt`rldbhnlda. @l `a trdjden, daguh`l pnmrïd hlt`ltdr kdb`rt` s`lthr qu` ln `stäs
d ad daturd pdrd pnm`r rnjdrt` uld npnrtulhmdm. @l ul odtrhonlhn, tu pdr`ed
pnmrïd kdb`r bh`rtns m`sdhr`s dpdr`lt`o`lt` hlnb`lt`s bnltrd th pdrd qu`
sh`ltds qu` th`l`s dagn qu` prnjdr, y bnon r`suatdmn tno`s bh`rtn bursn m`
dbbhòl. @l `a oulmn m` ads bhtds, kdy "drthstds m` ad r`bna`bbhòl" qu` usdl
mhi`r`lt`s thpns m` trubns pdrd qu` jde`s ad gudrmhd y ans m`e`s `ltrdr. @a
bnltrna o`ltda ln `s tnmd ad hlinrodbhòl vdgd qu` s` `sbubkd `l ans bkhso`s,
dbnopdôdmd m` t`nrïds m` bnlsphrdbhòl. @s `a prnmubtn m` `xp`rho`ltns
s`br`tns bnl `stumhns shst`oäthbns qu` s` r`onltdl d ad R`gulmd Gu`rrd
Oulmhda, tda v`z oäs dlthguns. Snr supu`stn, ans r`gïo`l`s tntdahtdrhns m`a
shgan [[, qu` qu`rïdl rnjnthzdr d sus sõjmhtns, tdojhèl eugdrnl ul pdp`a
hopnrtdlt` `l `stn. Snr an tdltn, an prho`rn qu` kdy qu` s`ôdadr `s qu` `a
m`sdrrnaan m` ad t`blnangïd idbhahtd ans `siu`rzns m` bnltrna o`ltda m` ans
npr`snr`s bdmd dôn. Bnon `a iadg`an m`a t`a`grdod qu` nburr` kny `l mïd...
S`rn `a bnltrna o`ltda6 `s dagn qu` s` pu`m` kdb`r shl t`blnangïd bnl `a
dpnyn m` ad pshbnangïd y `a nrdmnr. @a `e`opan oäs aadodthvn m` `stn `l ad
khstnrhd6 `s `a trdjden r`dahzdmn pnr Gn`jj`as, `a Ohlhstrn m` Srnpdgdlmd m`
ans Ldzhs. Gn`jj`as angrò grdjdr su lnojr` `l a`trds m` nrn `l `st` bdrrha,
qu` iu` ad m`sgrdbhd m` ad kuodlhmdm.
 

Bnltrna o`ltda6 @s `a lnojr` qu` s` md d tnmds ads dbthvhmdm`s ln èthbds m`

dagulns b`ltrns m` pnm`r pdrd odl`edr d ad g`lt` `l aïl`d bnl sus nje`thvns,
pdrd mdr inrod d sus hm`ds y bnltrnadr sus `sthans m` vhmd. Oh`ltrds qu` ads
npnrtulhmdm`s t`blnaòghbds pu`m`l s`r uthahzdmds `l `a bnltrna o`ltda, ad
pshbnangïd kuodld, `a bnlnbhoh`ltn m` ad prnpdgdlmd, y ad hlg`lh`rïd snbhda
snl `s`lbhda`s. ]dojhèl, `a bnltrna o`ltda6 `s dpahbdmn m` uld odl`rd
datdo`lt` shst`oäthbd ` hlshmhnsd pnr p`rsnlds qu` kdl k`bkn tdltd
hlv`sthgdbhòl bnon ad r`qu`rhmd pnr ul od`strn n mnbtnr. @l ntrds pdadjrds,
`s `s`lbhda qu` ad g`lt` ln s` mè bu`ltd m` ad hlg`lh`rïd dpahbdmd d `aans, pdrd
s`r khplnthzdmns. Snr an tdltn, `s ul m`sdiïn r`bnlnb`r y r`shsthr.
Ans `i`btns m`a bnltrna o`ltda `l ans kuodlns
Ans `i`btns m`a usn m`a bnltrna o`ltda `l ans s`r`s kuodlns s` v`l m`
mhi`r`lt`s odl`rds. Dagulds m` `aads snl ads shguh`lt`s6
"Ad pèrmhmd m` o`onrhd y ans trdstnrlns m` bnlmubtd
Bdojhn `l ad mhr`bbhòl, hlt`lshmdm y bnlt`lhmn m`a snlhmn qu` s`
`sbubkd
M`t`rhnrn m`a kdjad da r`vhsdr ans pärpdmns
Sdaphtdbhnl`s bdrmïdbds s`v`rds
Inrzdr ans dbbhm`lt`s `l ans knojrns y jrdzns murdlt` `a trdjden
adjnrhnsn
]rntdr bnl ans bnmns y `vhtdr `a trdjden oh`ltrds s` kdb` dagn
Mnanr y onvhoh`ltn hll`b`sdrhn m` ads ph`rlds, jdadlb`n m`r`bkn `
hzquh`rmn y `xb`shvd rhghm`z
Bno`zòl y rujnr `l znlds m` mhiïbha dbb`sn
Ads bnltrdbbhnl`s m` ans grdlm`s oõsbuans m` ad `spdamd
Bnoprnjdlmn ans g`stns m` ads odlns
A`y`lmn ans p`lsdoh`ltns n trdlsohth`lmn p`lsdoh`ltns m`sm` `a
`xt`rhnr
Y`r hoäg`l`s hodghldrhds `l onvhoh`ltn
Odlt`lh`lmn ans pärpdmns bnlstdlt`o`lt` djh`rtns
]hllhtus bnlthlun
 

Ad odlmïjuad y ans mh`lt`s t`ojadlmn shl rdzòl

 

dpt`r 495  ¾Buäa`s snl ads tèblhbds uthahzdmds pdrd `a

bnltrna o`ltda>
]dl prnltn bnon t` kdyds mdmn bu`ltd m` bòon `a bnlnbhoh`ltn m` bh`rtds
v`rmdm`s
täbthbds m`snjr` th ohson m`
odlhpuadbhòl pu`m`
ntrdshauohldrt`
p`rsnlds, pdrd qu` t`d m`s
`op`zdräs bu`ltdm`sm`
mhvuagdr m` ads
an
qu` `r`s kdstd an qu` pu`m` kdb`r ul odlhpuadmnr. ]`lh`lmn `stn `l bu`ltd,
sh m`s`ds sup`rdr ad odlhpuadbhòl, m`j`s t`l`r buhmdmn bnl ads täbthbds
jäshbds uthahzdmds pnr ans odlhpuadmnr`s. Pld v`z qu` s` th`l` uld hm`d ihro`
m` an qu` s` quh`r` y m` an qu` ln s` quh`r`, s` pu`m` hr m` ir`lt` bnl ul
odlhpuadmnr ` hlbausn bnltrdrr`stdr dagulds m` sus tèblhbds oäs uthahzdmds.
Ln njstdlt`, sh`opr` kdy qu` t`l`r `l bu`ltd qu` `l budltn t` mds bu`ltd m`
qu` `stäs sh`lmn odlhpuadmn, `a odlhpuadmnr ph`rm`. @s shopa`o`lt` uld
bu`sthòl m` sh m`s`ds n ln bdojhdr ads bnsds y bnlv`rthrt` `l `a odlhpuadmnr
tõ ohson.
 

Dbusdr d tu rhvda m` an qu` t` `stä buapdlmn

D o`lumn s` r`ih`r` d `stn bnon `a dbtn m` s`ôdadr ads i`bknrïds m` ntrd
p`rsnld. Da snpnrtdr uld `oj`sthmd y `xp`rho`ltdr mhihbuatdm`s pdrd
sdavdgudrmdrs`, ans odlhpuadmnr`s th`lm`l d hlv`rthr ad shtudbhòl. Buapdl d su
rhvda
t` m` ¡Br`n
don! bno`t`r
qu`ads`r`s
ohsods bnsds
tõ quh`l ln pnr ads qu` s` a`s buapd. "¡M`badrds qu` ln
o` quh`r`!"
 

Dp`adlmn da pnm`r
Luo`rnsns hlmhvhmuns s` pr`gultdl pnr ans qu` `stäl `l `a pnm`r n ad
dutnrhmdm, n ans qu` th`l`l `stdtus. An qu` `s oäs hltrhgdlt` `s qu` kdy vdrhds
hoäg`l`s d ads qu` ans hlmhvhmuns `xp`rho`ltdl uld `xtrdnrmhldrhd
m`mhbdbhòl. Z`bu`rm`,
`stäl `l `a pnm`r. ans qu`anssnl
Dm`oäs, iäbhao`lt`
qu` `stäl `l odlhpuadja`s dmohrdl d ansm`qu`
`a pnm`r snl bnlsbh`lt`s su
bdpdbhmdm m` bnltrnadr d ans m`oäs shl brhthbdrans. @l su augdr, uthahzdl
bnopa`eds täbthbds `lgdônsds pdrd odlhnjrdr sus p`lsdoh`ltns y dat`rdr su
prnb`sn m` tnod m` m`bhshnl`s.
Ans dghtdmnr`s qu` bnltrnadl `i`bthvdo`lt` d ans hlmhvhmuns s` mdl bu`ltd m`
qu` ad grdl odynrïd snl `lgdôdmns räphmdo`lt` eultn bnl `stds
m`badrdbhnl`s. Bnon r`suatdmn, bnadjnrdl `aans ohsons bnl ans qu` `stäl `l
`a pnm`r. @stn hopahbd ad l`b`shmdm m` jusbdr `xp`rtns y ntrns hlmhvhmuns
`mubdmns qu` dpny`l sus p`rsp`bthvds n, da o`lns, ln ads brhthqu`l.
Ads nrgdlhzdbhnl`s m` bhgdrrhaans r`bautdrnl `l su mïd d hlv`sthgdmnr`s qu`
`stdjdl mhspu`stns d m`badrdr qu` ln kdy lhlguld bnlihrodbhòl m` qu` `stns
prnmubtns pu`mdl bdusdr `li`ro`mdm`s puaonldr`s6 shl `ojdrgn, sdjïdl qu`
ad pru`jd yd `stdjd dkï. Ads nrgdlhzdbhnl`s m` bhgdrrhaans `stdja`bh`rnl
dm`oäs ad Iulmdbhòl Do`rhbdld m`a ]djdbn, ul grupn m` `sp`bhdahstds qu`
trdtd m` `lbnltrdr ans `i`btns m`a tdjdbn `l `a jh`l`stdr m` uld p`rsnld. Rhl
`ojdrgn, `l r`dahmdm, ans dldahstds trdtdjdl m` prnt`g`r ans hlt`r`s`s m`a
l`gnbhn m`a tdjdbn jden ad pr`t`lshòl m` uld hm`d aòghbd m` qu` iuodr ln `s
p`ahgrnsn. @lgdôdrnl da põjahbn kdbhèlmna`s br``r qu` kdjadjdl m` o`mhmds
m` pr`bdubhòl aòghbds.
 

Dp`adlmn da `lbu`ltrn
Ans odlhpuadmnr`s y `stdidmnr`s m` tda`ltn, dsï bnon ans pnaïthbns, d o`lumn
m`badrdl qu` yd kdl `xp`rho`ltdmn n s` kdl `lir`ltdmn d bh`rtds shtudbhnl`s
`l su vhmd, an qu` ans bnlvh`rt` `l daguh`l qu` `stä `l `a pnm`r, an qu` pu`m`
dsnbhdrs` bnl `a pultn
a`s prnpnrbhnld dlt`rhnr.m`Ln
uld hodg`l njstdlt`,
daguh`l `std `stn
bdpdz6 dp`adbhòl
pu`m`d uthahzdrs`
ad `xp`rh`lbhd
pdrd
dtdbdr ad idatd m` `xp`rh`lbhd m` su npnl`lt`, dulqu` `aans ohsons t`lgdl
`xp`rh`lbhds ahohtdmds. R` pu`m` hm`lthihbdr iäbhao`lt` `std täbthbd m`
odlhpuadbhòl `l ono`ltns `l qu` daguh`l `stä trdtdlmn m` mhstnrshnldr sus
bdpdbhmdm`s snjr` ul t`od `l pdrthbuadr.
 

Dp`adlmn da oh`mn
Ad g`lt` th`l` oh`mns. Ans odlhpuadmnr`s shl `sbrõpuans s` mdl bu`ltd m` ad
r`dahmdm m` qu` ans hlmhvhmuns, `l g`l`rda, r`spnlm`räl brumdo`lt` budlmn s`
prnouagu` budaquh`rd m` `stns s`lthoh`ltns m` t`onr. Snst`rhnro`lt`, s`
mhb`l d sïhlbausn
p`ahgrns, ohsonsbudlmn
qu` snllnbdpdb`s m` ds`gurdr
snl bdpdb`s d ans hlmhvhmuns
m` kdb`ran. @stn `s an bnltrd
ohson`stns
qu`
budlmn kdjadons m` mdr da nje`thvn ul vhstdzn m` bòon s` pu`m` angrdr `a
r`suatdmn oäs m`s`dmn, shl prnpnrbhnlärs`an r`dao`lt`. Ln njstdlt`, kdy
pnaïthbns y a`ghsadmnr`s qu` uthahzdl ir`bu`lt`o`lt` `std o`tnmnangïd pdrd
ds`gurdrs` m` qu` ans hlmhvhmuns s` dahl`dl m`träs m` ans `xp`rtns
dmohlhstrdthvns y kdb`l an qu` ad a`ghsadturd, `s m`bhr, an qu` l`b`shtdl ans
iulbhnldrhns m`a gnjh`rln.
 

Dp`adlmn d ad shopdtïd
Ans odlhpuadmnr`s snl bdpdb`s m` r`pr`s`ltdrs` d sï ohsons y su
bhrbulstdlbhd da põjahbn m` odl`rd qu` s` sh`ltdl irustrdmns pnr su shtudbhòl
dbtuda.
Bnlshm`r` `a supa`lt` qu`, budlmn s` `lir`ltd da k`bkn m` qu` ln kd k`bkn su
trdjden, s` qu`ed y mhb`5 "Ln v`s an mhiïbha qu` `s oh vhmd". ]`lgn tdltds bnsds
qu` kdb`r. @s `xtr`odmdo`lt` mhiïbha pdrd oï bnopa`tdr ohs tdr`ds
`sbnadr`s". Ln sny dinrtuldmd bnon dagulns m` ohs bnopdô`rns m` bads`.
Bnon ohs pdmr`s ln pu`m`l p`rohthrs` `lvhdro` d ad `sbu`ad, t`lgn qu`
trdjdedr 23 knrds bdmd s`odld pdrd pdgdr oh prnphd inrod m` vhmd. Budlmn
vu`avn d bdsd m`a trdjden, oh bnopdô`rn m` phsn tnbd oõshbd kdstd tdrm` `l ad
lnbk`, dsï qu` `s mhiïbha pdrd oï mnrohr jh`l. ¾Tuè s` `sp`rd qu` kdgd>
¡Nir`b`ro` ul hlmuatn!"
Ad uthahzdbhòl m` `std `strdtdg`od idbuatd da odlhpuadmnr pdrd nbupdr ad
bnlshm`rdbhòl m` dqu`aans hlmhvhmuns qu` pu`m`l `stdr pdsdlmn pnr an ohson.
Ln njstdlt`, dp`adr d ad shopdtïd `s uld täbthbd qu` ad odynrïd m` ans pnaïthbns
uthahzdrïdl pdrd r`mhrhghr ad dt`lbhòl m`a põjahbn d dsultns qu` ln di`btdl d su
m`sdpdrhbhòl.
 

Dp`adlmn d hlt`r`s`s jh`l bnlnbhmns

Ans odlhpuadmnr`s y `ojdubdmnr`s sh`opr` `stäl dt`ltns d bòon s`
pr`s`ltdl bnon p`rsnlds qu` pns``l ads budahmdm`s y p`rsp`bthvds dm`budmds
`ltr` `a grupn m` `sp`btdmnr`s, `l pdrthbuadr, ads br``lbhds sdgrdmds m` ad
ouathtum.
kdbhd uld ]nmns
p`rsnldth`l`l dagulds
n bnsd. pdrbhdahmdm`s,
Ans `xp`rtns y oubkd g`lt`
odlhpuadmnr`s sh`lt`
th`lm`l m`spr`bhn
d m`sp`rtdr `a
m`spr`bhn y ans pr`euhbhns `ltr` ad ouathtum.
Rugh`r`l qu` `stäl m` dbu`rmn bnl `a grupn m` `sp`btdmnr`s. Ydl pnr dkï
bnon sh kujh`rdl bnopdrthmn hm`nangïds. Hlt`ltdl p`rsudmhr da grupn m`
`sp`btdmnr`s m` qu` su `l`ohgn ln bnlshm`rd sdgrdmds ads hm`nangïds qu`
`aans bnlshm`rdl sdgrdmds. Kdy luo`rnsns pnt`lbhda`s `l `std tèblhbd. Pld
tèblhbd pdrthbuadr aadodmd ad "Idadbhd m` ad g`lt` bnoõl" `s budlmn ul
hlmhvhmun hlih`r` dagn d an adrgn m` ad aïl`d m`5
"@s r`bnlinrtdlt` `stdr m` vu`atd `l oh bdsd, y bnl g`lt` `l ad qu` pu`mn
bnlihdr m` v`rmdm. @s hlbr`ïja` `stdr bnl dqu`aans qu` `lir`ltdl ads bnsds
mhr`btdo`lt`6 dqu`aans qu` uthahzdl su pr`s`lbhd o`ltda pdrd angrdr bnsds6
hlmhvhmuns qu` ln th`l`l bnlihdlzd `l ans oètnmns m` p`lsdoh`ltn y
dbtudbhòl m` datd daburlhd".
 

Dp`adlmn d ad bnlihdlzd
@std tèblhbd s` hm`lthihbd ihro`o`lt` bnl ans pultns m`a pdsdmn6 shl `ojdrgn,
kdb` khlbdphè `l an qu` pdr`b` kdj`r surghmn d trdvès m` ad pru`jd m`a th`opn.
Ans hlmhvhmuns snl r`guadro`lt` nprhohmns pnr ads trdmhbhnl`s y lnrods
snbhda`s m` su onmn
`s bnlv`lbhnlda pdrdm`
ad vhmd, da hguda
odynrïd th`lm`qu` ads bnlv`lbhnl`s
d dpdr`b`r snbhda`s.
bnon sh iu`rd An qu`
ad m`bhshòl
bnrr`btd. @s hopnrtdlt` s`ôdadr qu` ans odlhpuadmnr`s hlih`r`l bòon
bnlshm`rdl sdgrdmds ads hm`nangïds y br``lbhds bnl ads qu` `a grupn m`
`sp`btdmnr`s `stä idohahdrhzdmn. @stns hlmhvhmuns sugh`r`l qu` su `l`ohgn
pr`t`lm` m`struhr ads bnstuojr`s, dsï bnon ads bnlv`lbhnl`s snbhda`s.
Dm`oäs, ln kdb`l khlbdphè `l sh `stds bnlv`lbhnl`s mdôdl n ln d ans
hlmhvhmuns hlnb`lt`s. Kdb`l ad pr`s`lbhd m` s`r dutòlnons `l ads
p`rsp`bthvds m` ad ouathtum6 shl `ojdrgn, s`rïd tïphbdo`lt` an npu`stn. Kdy
uld bnopr`lshòl m` qu` ans hlmhvhmuns g`l`rdao`lt` m`sbnliïdl m` ans
hlmhvhmuns qu` `ltrdl `l bnliahbtn bnl ads lnrods snbhda`s dbtuda`s y ads
bnlv`lbhnl`s bnlstruhmds. R` mdl bu`ltd m` an suihbh`lt` bnon pdrd
odlt`l`rs` da`edmns m` `aads. Bnon r`suatdmn, kdy uld `sp`bh` m` r`strhbbhòl
`l ad inrod `l qu` ads trdmhbhnl`s snbhda`s `stäl ulhmds shl qu`r`r y shl
buhmdmn.
 

Rupahbdlmn ad hlv`sthgdbhòl
Pl `linqu` shopa` pdrd m`onstrdr ul pultn `s db`ptdran `l budaquh`r bdsn.
Sh`ls` `l `st` onm`an5
"Ju`ln, ¾què thpn m` gnjh`rln quh`r`s, ul gnjh`rln m` j`l`idbtnr`s ahj`rda`s
qu` s`d bdpdz m` m`s`ojnasdr tus murdo`lt` gdldmns mòadr`s n ul gnjh`rln
bnltrnadmn pnr o`lt`s `opr`sdrhda`s qu` s`pd bòon vhvhr m`ltrn m` ul
pr`supu`stn `strhbtn y g`l`rdr `opa`ns qu` pnlgdl d ad g`lt` d trdjdedr>"
Ad m`badrdbhòl o`lbhnldmd dlt`rhnro`lt` hlbnrpnrd ads supnshbhnl`s qu` ad
dbnopdôdl y qu` ln m`j`l suj`sthodrs`, d sdj`r5 4) qu` ul gnjh`rln ahj`rda
qu`odrïd `a mhl`rn `l `i`bthvn m` odl`rd hlbdutd y qu` :) ans dg`lt`s s` mdl
bu`ltd m` bòon vhvhr m`ltrn m` ul padl m` gdstns ahohtdmn y prnmubhr
nbupdbhnl`s qu` pnl`l d ans hlmhvhmuns d trdjdedr.
Pld m`svhdbhòl o`lnr m` `st` `rrnr s` kd badshihbdmn bnon "`pït`tns m`
bu`sthnldoh`ltn", ad uthahzdbhòl m` `xpr`shnl`s `s `l r`dahmdm ul pr`euhbhn m`
uld bu`sthòl pnr ad inrod `l qu` s` p`roht`. @l ul bdsn, "¾M`j`ons
m`i`lm`r ad ahj`rtdm y ad m`onbrdbhd n b`m`r da t`rrnrhson y ad thrdlïd>" D
trdvès m` ad hlv`sthgdbhòl `l `st` s`lthmn, lns djst`l`ons m` mhsbuthr
pr`gultds hlbòonmds bnon5 "Rhl `ojdrgn, ¾mhrïdons qu` `stdons r`dao`lt`
hopuasdlmn ad npnrtulhmdm kuodld> ¾Rnons v`rmdm`rdo`lt` m`onbräthbns n
shopa`o`lt` `stdons `xpdlmh`lmn lu`strd bdpdbhmdm, lu`strn bnltrna,
lu`strn pr`mnohlhn, lu`strn dbb`sn d ans o`rbdmns `xtrdle`rns>" ]`lgdl `l
bu`ltd qu` ads m`badrdbhnl`s qu` ans hlmhvhmuns uthahzdl budlmn s` trdtd m`
m`bhr ad v`rmdm snjr` ul t`od. Kdy uld `a`bbhòl r`guadr m` m`badrdbhnl`s qu`
supnl`l ad `xdbthtum m` ad shtudbhòl snjr` `a t`od `l pdrthbuadr.
 

Br`dlmn ul idasn mha`od

Pl v`rmdm`rn prnja`od nburr` budlmn lns v`ons njahgdmns d `a`ghr `ltr` mns
npbhnl`s hgudao`lt` hldm`budmds. Pl idasn mha`od nburr` budlmn `stdons
bnlv`lbhmns m` qu` sòan t`l`ons mns m`bhshnl`s hgudao`lt` hldmohshja`s,
budlmn
lnsntrns.r`dao`lt`
Sh`ls` `lt`l`ons oõathpa`s
`a bdsn qu` r`suatdmns
a` dbnopdôd5 pnt`lbhda`s
"N p`rm`ons dbb`shja`s
ad gu`rrd pdrd
bnltrd `a
t`rrnrhson, n m`j`ons r`lulbhdr d uld pdrt` m` lu`strds ahj`rtdm`s y m`r`bkns
trdmhbhnlda`s".
Ads p`rsnlds su`a`l `stdr mhspu`stds d r`bnlnb`r ul idasn mha`od, yd qu`
pnbds `stäl m` dbu`rmn bnl ads bnopa`eds bdahihbdbhnl`s. Ahophdr ans
djsnautns `s `l r`dahmdm uld pdrt` m` sus täbthbds m` odlhpuadbhòl. @s
l`b`sdrhn t`l`r m`bhshnl`s badrds y jäshbds.
 

Bujrhr an qu` ust`m m`badrd

Ans odlhpuadmnr`s s` `sbnlm`l ir`bu`lt`o`lt` m`träs m` ads pdadjrds,
l`gälmns` d sno`t`rs` n d mdr r`spu`stds mhr`btds. @stn a`s p`roht` r`thrdrs`
`l ono`ltns m` l`b`shmdm. Budlmn s` a`s `lbu`ltrd navhmdlmn mdtns
hopnrtdlt`s
pnm`r njt`l`rpdrd ad shtudbhòl
mhbkd dbtuda,D p`lsdrïdl
hlinrodbhòl. `l daguld
ihl m` bu`ltds, ntrd rdzòl
budlmn s` a`s pdrd ln
njahgd,
pu`m`l s`r bdpdb`s m` b`m`r6 shl `ojdrgn, pdrd s`r ul `xb`a`lt` odlhpuadmnr,
m`j`l r`l`gdr m` sus pdsns `l idasn, nbuatdr sus `rrnr`s y odlt`l`r an qu`
m`badrdl `l budaquh`r ono`ltn hodghldja`.
 

Rhopahihbdlmn `l `xb`sn ad bu`sthòl

Rhopahihbdlmn
Mdmn qu` ad odynrïd m` ads p`rsnlds s` sh`lt`l hlbòonmds da bnopr`lm`r
bnlt`lbhnl`s prniulmds n mhsbr`tds, kdy quh`l`s snl pdrthmdrhns m` shopahihbdr
m`odshdmn ad bu`sthòl pdrd duo`ltdr sus pnshja`s j`l`ihbhns. "Ln pnmrïd
hopnrtdro`
djusn m` anso`lns an qu`
m`t`lhmns6 `a ads o`mhbhnl`s
prhlbhpda lns `s
prnja`od hlinro`l snjr`murns
sh s`r`ons `a supu`stn
bnl `a
brho`l. Dknrr`l su bnopdshòl kdbhd ads vïbthods m` ans brhohlda`s, ln kdbhd
ans v`rmdm`rns brhohlda`s." Ad r`dahmdm qu` s` `stä pdsdlmn pnr datn `s qu` `a
odatrdtn d ans brhohlda`s `s ul brho`l `l sï ohson. ]räghbdo`lt`, d ans
hlmhvhmuns bnl uld o`ltdahmdm m`odshdmn shopa` ln a`s pnmrïd hopnrtdr
o`lns ad bnlmubtd brhohlda qu` vhbthohzd d ans brhohlda`s.
 

Ròan s` pr`s`ltdl qu`eds

Ru dmv`rsdrhn `stä mdlmn eusthihbdbhnl`s väahmds pdrd r`bnlnb`r ul
drguo`ltn6 shl `ojdrgn, ad v`rmdm m`a dsultn `s qu` su m`bhshòl `stä tnodmd
y ldmd pu`m` bdojhdrad. Ans odlhpuadmnr`s mntdmns r`dbbhnldrïdl bnl
nje`bhnl`s trds nje`bhnl`s.
trds ntrd, prnb`m`rïdl D o`mhmd
m` lu`vn qu` ysus
d nje`tdr rhvda`sAd
nje`tdr. r`spnlm`l uldhopaïbhtd
o`ltdahmdm prnt`std
m`a odlhpuadmnr `s qu` "hlm`p`lmh`lt`o`lt` m` an qu` mhgd oh rhvda, s`guhrè
nje`tdlmn pnrqu` ldmd oäs o` bnlv`lb`rä m` an bnltrdrhn".
 

Z``sbrhjhr ad khstnrhd
Ans dbtns y dtrnbhmdm`s oäs lntdja`s th`lm`l d m`sdpdr`b`r m` ads bròlhbds,
oh`ltrds qu` ans idasns su`ôns pu`m`l bnlv`rthrs` `l k`bkns. @st` i`lòo`ln
s` njs`rvd d o`lumn `l ad Khstnrhd Sdtrhòthbd. Ad bnopnshbhòl m` ul thpn m`
khstnrhd bnltnrshnldmd
r`guadro`lt` `s addpnydmd
m`i`lmhmd pnr bdrgd m`apnr ad dmnrdbhòl
dltdgnlhson. m` adm`a ldbhòl
Ad v`rmdm dsultn `sy
qu` lu`strd o`lt` `stä p`rshsth`lmn `l trdtdr m` r`trdtdr ads nbdshnl`s m`a
pdsdmn pdrd djsnav`rs` y m`lulbhdr d sus m`svdahedmnr`s.
 

dpt`r 475  Bnltrna o`ltda d trdvès m`a `lgdôn

@a `lgdôn ln sh`opr` s` prdbthbd bnl ntrds p`rsnlds. D o`lumn pnm`ons
`lgdôdrlns d lnsntrns ohsons pdrd pr`s`rvdr lu`strd dutn`sthod. M`bhrlns d
lnsntrns ohsons qu` pnm`ons dabdlzdr bh`rtns nje`thvns budlmn tnmds ads
pru`jds dpultdl da k`bkn m` qu` ln pnm`ons `s uld inrod sdaumdja` m`
`lgdôn, p`rn `a dutn`lgdôn pu`m` aa`vdrlns d grdv`s `lgdôns.
@a `lgdôn `s ul drt` `opa`dmn pnr ul dg`lt` pdrd mhiulmhr br``lbhds `l `a
sue`tn qu` snl idasds, n v`rmdm`s bujh`rtds m` o`lthrds. @a `lgdôn hopahbd
luo`rnsds bnsds, pnr `e`opan, mhshouan, `lgdôn o`ltda, supr`shòl,
`lbujrhoh`ltn, prnpdgdlmd, `tb. Ans dg`lt`s s` gdldl `a idvnr m` ans sue`tns,
bnliïdl `l èa y ln snsp`bkdl m` su prnp`lshòl d s`r mumnsns. @s bdpdz m`
bnltrnadr ad o`lt` m`a sue`tn kdjh`lmn gdldmn su bnlihdlzd. Ans sue`tns ln
th`l`l mumds snjr` ads pdadjrds m`a dg`lt`, m` k`bkn ans sue`tns bnliïdl
bnopa`tdo`lt` `l `a dg`lt` y pnshja`o`lt` padl`dl sus dsultns jdsdmns `l
ads m`badrdbhnl`s m`a dg`lt`.
@a `lgdôn prdbthbdmn pnr `a dg`lt` pu`m` t`l`r grdv`s bnls`bu`lbhds sh `s
m`sbujh`rtn pnr ans sue`tns. ¾Bòon> Ans sue`tns ln `stdräl mhspu`stns d
`sbubkdr sus pdadjrds, lh ads db`ptdräl oäs, ln `s m` `xtrdôdr qu` `a dg`lt`
s`d käjha `l ad tèblhbd m` `lgdôn. M`j` br`dr uld rutd m` `sbdp` pdrd bujrhr sh
ads bnsds s` m`sjnrmdl y dõl dsï odlt`l`r ad bnlihdlzd qu` sus sue`tns th`l`l
`l èa.
@a `lgdôn rnop` ads a`y`s qu` rhg`l ads r`adbhnl`s y s` sdj` qu` di`btd
l`gdthvdo`lt` ads `sp`rdlzds qu` vh`l`l bnl ads r`adbhnl`s. @a `lgdôn nburr`
m` v`z `l budlmn y `stn pnmrïd r`suatdr `l s`lthoh`ltns m` mumd dsï bnon `l
m`sa`datdm `ltr` ads mns p`rsnlds qu` `stäl `l ad r`adbhòl. Bdsh tnmns m`s`dl
t`l`r uld bnlv`rsdbhòl knl`std bnl su pdr`ed6 sh m`sbujr`l qu` su pdr`ed kd
shmn shl `ojdrgn m`sknl`std, `aans, d su v`z, l`b`shtdl dv`rhgudr bòon kdb`r
usn m` ad bnliushòl y ad mhstrdbbhòl pdrd njt`l`r ad hlinrodbhòl ihdja` y
knl`std qu` l`b`shtdl. Ad bnlihdlzd, pnr ntrd pdrt`, s` p`rm`rïd `l ad r`adbhòl,
an qu` kdrïd mhiïbha r`stdurdr ad r`adbhòl d su dlthgud ganrhd.
@a hlmhvhmun qu` r`bhj` tdltn ad m`sknl`sthmdm bnon ad trdhbhòl sh`opr` s`
pr`gultdrä snjr` ads bnsds qu` su pdr`ed a` mhb`, p`lsdlmn sh ad khstnrhd `s
v`rmdm`rd n idasd. Bnon r`suatdmn m` `std lu`vd mumd, ad odynrïd m` ads
r`adbhnl`s t`rohldräl uld v`z qu` `a dg`lt` s` mè bu`ltd m` ad m`sknl`sthmdm
m` su pdr`ed.
 

Dulqu` `s ul k`bkn db`ptdmn qu` tnmns usdons `a `lgdôn, `s uld `a`bbhòl

p`rsnlda `l budltn d ad ldturda`zd m` sus o`lthrds. @a trubn `s s`r bdpdz m`
r`bnlnb`r `a `lgdôn `l ans m`oäs. @stn shglhihbd qu` sh bnlnb`ons ads
s`ôda`s qu` lns mhb`l qu` lns `stäl ohlth`lmn, pnm`ons `vhtdr onstrdrads sh
`a`ghons prdbthbdr `a `lgdôn.
@a `lgdôn `s ntrn dsp`btn badv` qu` vh`l` bnl ad pshbnangïd nsburd. Bnon
oubkds ntrds täbthbds qu` vh`l`l bnl ad pshbnangïd nsburd, d v`b`s `s mhiïbha
sdj`r sh ul bdsn m` `lgdôn s` bnlshm`rd nsburn n ln. S`rn dlt`s m` `xpanrdr
oäs `l `stn, l`b`shtdons prho`rn `lt`lm`r m` què s` trdtd `a `lgdôn `l
lu`strn oulmn.
@a `lgdôn vd d s`r budaquh`r pdadjrd n dbbhòl bdpdz m` kdb`r qu` daguh`l br`d
dagn qu` ln `s v`rmdm. Srnpnrbhnldr irdumua`ltdo`lt` pru`jds m` dagn qu` `s
idasn, hopahbdlmn idas`mdm, nohth`lmn ad v`rmdm y ohlth`lmn snl tnmns
`e`opans m` `lgdôn.
@a `lgdôn s` vd d nsbur`b`r `l budaquh`r ono`ltn budlmn s` aa`vd d bdjn
bnl uld hlt`lbhòl hlmhi`r`lt` n l`gdthvd kdbhd ad vïbthod. @a `lgdôn nsburn `s
ul `lt`lmhoh`ltn m` qu` ad v`rmdm ln vd d s`rvhr d ans nje`thvns `lgdônsns
m`a `lgdôdmnr. @a `lgdôdmnr tnodrä ad v`rmdm y ad hglnrdrä, `sbnlm`rä n
bdojhdrä d idvnr m` uld v`rshòl m` ans `v`ltns qu` s` dmdpt` o`enr d su
prnpòshtn. Dqu`aans qu` `opa`dl `a `lgdôn nsburn quh`r`l kdb`ran bnon uld
inrod m` mdôdr, `l augdr m` dyumdr. Tuh`r`l dyumdr d sus prnphns hlt`r`s`s,
p`rn ln a`s hopnrtd quhèl sdagd k`rhmn `l `a prnb`sn.
@stn `s budlmn `a r`pr`s`ltdlt` bnopr`lm` m`tdaa`s u nir`b` m`tdaa`s qu` snl
tntdao`lt` mhi`r`lt`s m` an qu` `s `a k`bkn. @aans bh`rtdo`lt` prnpnrbhnldräl
`stns m`tdaa`s da t`od bnon ad r`dahmdm dsï bnon `a t`od an v`rä bh`rtdo`lt`
bnon `a k`bkn. @stn pu`m` s`r hls`gurn pnrqu` `a t`od bh`rtdo`lt` ln
r`bnlnb`rä qu` s` a` `stä suohlhstrdlmn hlinrodbhòl hlbnrr`btd6 sh `a sue`tn
r`bnlnbh`rd qu` ans m`tdaa`s snl hlbnrr`btns, s`gurdo`lt` ln `stdrïd kdjadlmn
bnl `a r`pr`s`ltdlt`, dsï bnon tdopnbn s` prnmubhrïd lhlgõl `lgdôn.
 

]`rghv`rsdbhnl`s
@s `ltnlb`s budlmn `a r`pr`s`ltdlt` kdrä bh`rtdo`lt` m`badrdbhnl`s
hlbnlshst`lt`s, pnbn badrds n hlmhr`btds. @stn s` kdb` pdrd aa`vdr d ad jds` m`
njt`l`r djruodmn, dsï bnon pdrd ln bnopr`lm`r an qu` `stä sub`mh`lmn.
]dojhèl pu`m` dyumdr
jh`l dm`adlt` da r`pr`s`ltdlt`
y tdojhèl hlt`ltd dr`spnlsdjhahzdrans
pr`s`rvdr su knlnr m`
sh `aans
t`odm`tdaa`s
vu`av`
hlbnrr`btns.
 

Bdouiade`s
@st` `s sòan uln m` ans thpns m` `lgdôn oäs tïphbns qu` s` uthahzdl. @a
`lbujrhoh`ltn s` prnmub` budlmn `a r`pr`s`ltdlt` m`ed iu`rd hlinrodbhòl
hopnrtdlt` n `s`lbhda pdrd `a bnlt`xtn, m`ahj`rdmdo`lt`, n pdrthbhpd `l
budaquh`r
r`adbhnldl thpn
bnl m`
`a dbbhnl`s
t`od pdrdqu``s`bh`rtdo`lt` nbuatdrïdl m`tdaa`s
bnlt`xtn `sp`bïihbn. qu` s`
Bh`rtdo`lt`, `a
r`pr`s`ltdlt` ln kdjrä `xhsthmn r`dao`lt` mhr`btdo`lt` da t`od6 shl `ojdrgn,
bh`rtdo`lt` s` kdjrä nbupdmn m` qu` ans m`tdaa`s `s`lbhda`s qu` s` r`quh`r`l
lulbd aa`gu`l da t`od.
 

O`lthrds
@stn nburr` budlmn `a dg`lt` idjrhbd hlinrodbhòl n prnpnrbhnld hlinrodbhòl
qu` ln `s shohadr d ad v`rmdm. A` mdräl `std hlinrodbhòl da hlmhvhmun
m`spr`v`lhmn bnon ad v`rmdm y `a hlmhvhmun `ltnlb`s v`rä `std o`lthrd bnon
ul
qu`k`bkn r`da.
s` a` md Rhlhlinrodbhòl
`std `ojdrgn, `stn
idasdpu`m` s`r hls`gurn
ln t`lmrïd lh hm`d yd
m` qu` ad p`rsnld
ad idas`mdm6 d ad
an oäs
prnjdja` `s qu` sh `a sue`tn `lt`lmh`rd qu` s` a` `stä mdlmn hlinrodbhòl qu`
ln `s v`rmdm`rd, ln `stdrïd `l bnlmhbhnl`s m` kdjadr bnl `a dg`lt` y ln s`
kdjrïd prnmubhmn lhlgõl `lgdôn6
 

@quhvnbdbhnl`s
@st` `s `a pultn `l `a qu` `a dg`lt` kdrä m`badrdbhnl`s qu` snl mhi`r`lt`s,
pnbn badrds n ln mhr`btds, m` tda odl`rd qu` `a sue`tn s` bnliulm` y ln
`lth`lm` an qu` `stä pdsdlmn. Dm`oäs, pu`m` dyumdr da dg`lt` d pr`s`rvdr su
r`putdbhòl, sdavdlmn
vu`av` d buapdrans pnr ads dpdrh`lbhds sh `a sue`tn, bnl oubkd dlthbhpdbhòl,
ad idas`mdm.
 

Nbuatdbhnl`s
@s ad inrod m` `lgdôn oäs uthahzdmd. R` r`ih`r` d budlmn `a dg`lt` m`ed iu`rd
hlinrodbhòl r`adbhnldmd n brïthbd pdrd ad shtudbhòl d prnpòshtn, n ou`strd
budaquh`r bnopnrtdoh`ltn qu` `lbujrd hlinrodbhòl qu` `s m` hopnrtdlbhd
pdrd `a sue`tnda pdrd
mhr`btdo`lt` `sd shl
sue`tn, shtudbhòl `xdbtd.
`ojdrgn, s` @a
kdjrädg`lt` ln kdjrä
ds`gurdmn m` o`lthmn
qu` ad
hlinrodbhòl vhtda r`qu`rhmd lulbd aa`gu` da sue`tn.
 

@xdg`rdbhòl
Ad `xdg`rdbhòl s` prnmub` budlmn `a dg`lt` kdb` m`odshdmn khlbdphè `l ul
k`bkn n `sthrd ul pnbn ad v`rmdm pdrd t`rghv`rsdr ad khstnrhd d su idvnr.
Dulqu` `a dg`lt` ln oh`ltd mhr`btdo`lt` da sue`tn, odlhpuadrä ad shtudbhòl
m` tda odl`rd
pu`m` tnrb`r adqu`v`rmdm
pdr`zbd qu`kdb`r
pdrd `s oäs
qu`hopnrtdlt`
`a sue`tn m` an qu`
kdgd `s `ll`b`sht`
an qu` r`dahmdm,
qu`n
kdgd6
 

M`badrdbhnl`s hlbnopa`tds
@stn `s an bnltrdrhn m` ad k`rrdoh`ltd m` `xdg`rdbhòl `l `a s`lthmn m` qu` `a
dg`lt` pr`s`ltdrä pdrt` m`a k`bkn bnon o`lns hopnrtdlt`, mhbhèlmna` da
sue`tn qu` ul `v`ltn `s o`lns hopnrtdlt` m` an qu` r`dao`lt` `s budlmn `l
èa r`dao`lt`
grdmudrs` pnmrïd s`r
n bnlshgu` ul angrdl
qu`dsb`lsn.
m`bhmd sh `a sue`tn
Bnon tda, `ath`l` ad npnrtulhmdm
dg`lt` pnmrä vnav`r m`
da
sue`tn mhbh`lmn qu` ln t`lïd hm`d m` buäl grdlm` `rd `a trdtn qu` kdjïd
nohthmn, y qu` pu`m` odlt`l`r su r`putdbhòl m`edlmn da sue`tn bnl ul
dsp`btn hlshglhihbdlt` sh prnt`std.
 

Mhsirdz
@a bdouiade` `s ul `a`o`ltn dmhbhnlda qu` pu`m` s`r anbdahzdmn `l `a
prnb`mhoh`ltn m` `lgdôn. Budlmn `stn sub`m`, `a r`pr`s`ltdlt` `stä
iulbhnldlmn pdrd m`sdrrnaadr ul hopdbtn m` s`r dagn n daguh`l oäs. @stn `s
budlmn
lnojr` `ar`da,
r`pr`s`ltdlt` `stä nbuatdlmn
an qu` prnpnrbhnld pdrddagn
uldsnjr`
njrd,sï bnl
ohson da sue`tn,
an qu` bnon kd
r`dao`lt` su
`stdmn, y tdojhèl m` an qu` m`p`lm` budlmn sda`. @stn vd o`enr qu`
shopa`o`lt` trdlsinrodr `a dtu`lmn qu` daguh`l usd `l uld njrd m` t`dtrn n
`l uld p`aïbuad6 budlmn s` uthahzd `a bdouiade` `l `a prnb`mhoh`ltn m`
`lgdôn, `a r`pr`s`ltdlt` `stä trdtdlmn m` dat`rdr tnmn su p`rsnlde` pdrd pnm`r
o`t`rs` `l `a t`od y `lgdôdran.
 

Rhouadbhòl
Ad shouadbhòl hopahbd pr`s`ltdr hlinrodbhòl idasd da sue`tn. ]r`s oètnmns
qu` pu`m`l uthahzdrs` `l ad shouadbhòl snl ad oïohbd, ad idjrhbdbhòl y ad
mhstrdbbhòl.
@l ad oïohbd, m`ihlhmd m` ntrd odl`rd bnon ad bnphd m` ntrn onm`an, `a
dg`lt`, shl p`lsdr, mdrä uld hodg`l m` dagn qu` `s bnon `aans ohsons.
Su`m`l t`l`r ul padl qu` `s bnon `a m` ntrd p`rsnld y `l augdr m` mdr brèmhtn
d ad ntrd p`rsnld, mhräl qu` `a padl `s tnmn njrd suyd. @st` thpn m` shouadbhòl
pu`m` nburrhr r`guadro`lt` d trdvès m` oètnmns snlnrns, vhsuda`s y ntrns.
Ad idjrhbdbhòl `s ntrn o`mhn m` `lgdôn. Dquï, `a dg`lt` tnod dagn qu` s`
`lbu`ltrd `l ad r`dahmdm y an bdojhd kdstd qu` s` vu`av` mhi`r`lt`. Su`m`
bnltdr uld khstnrhd qu` ln tuvn augdr n dôdmhrad d uld khstnrhd r`da pdrd
o`enrdrad n `op`nrdrad.

Oh`ltrds
njtuvh`rnlqu`uld
`a bnrdzòl m` ad khstnrhd
odad pultudbhòl `l pnmrïd s`r bh`rtn,
ul `xdo`l, m` dbu`rmn
t`lmrä daguldsbnlbnsds
qu`
dmhbhnlda`s pu`stds, pnr `e`opan `a prni`snr a`s mhn uld odad pultudbhòl
hlt`lbhnldmdo`lt`. Oh`ltrds qu` `l r`dahmdm, `a dg`lt` njtuvn uld odad
pultudbhòl pnrqu` ln supn a``r.
Snr õathon, ad mhstrdbbhòl `s ntrn thpn m` shouadbhòl `l `a `lgdôn. @l `st`
bdsn, `a dg`lt` kdb` ul `siu`rzn pdrd qu` `a sue`tn s` bnlb`ltr` `l ntrds
bnsds, p`rn ln `l ad v`rmdm6 lnrodao`lt` s` kdb` nir`bh`lmn da sue`tn dagn
qu` pu`m` s`r oäs t`ltdmnr qu` ad v`rmdm qu` s` a` kd nbuatdmn. Snr `e`opan,
sh ul bòlyug` hlih`a ph`lsd qu` ad `spnsd `stä `op`zdlmn d snsp`bkdr, pu`m`
aa`vdr
pnr uldbnrtn
bdsd th`opn.
ul dlhaan m` ph`mrd pr`bhnsd pdrd mhstrd`rad m`a dsultn dulqu` s`d
@a prnja`od m` `st` oètnmn `s qu` ln su`a` s`r murdm`rn y, pnr tdltn, `a
dg`lt` th`l` qu` jusbdr uld lu`vd inrod m` `lgdôdr da sue`tn sh quh`r`
odlt`l`r `a prnb`sn `l odrbkd.
 

Rnjr``sthodbhòl
@s `ltnlb`s budlmn `a r`pr`s`ltdlt` bh`rtdo`lt` `lidthzdrä m`odshdmn uld
v`rmdm n `xt`lm`rä ul pnbn `a k`bkn pdrd trdlsinrodr `a r`adtn m` ad odl`rd
`l qu` bh`rtdo`lt` an kdrïd. Dulqu` `a r`pr`s`ltdlt` pu`m` ln `stdr
mhr`btdo`lt` r`adbhnldmn
bhrbulstdlbhd pdr`zbd bnl `aodynr
uld ni`rtd t`od, m`
an an
oäs
qu`prnjdja` `s`squ`
r`dao`lt` kdgd qu`
n pu`m` ad
dat`rdr
ul pnbn `a k`bkn pdrd ds`gurdrs` m` qu` `a t`od bh`rtdo`lt` kdrä an qu` `aans
m`s`dl.
 

@xdg`rdbhnl`s
Pld `xdg`rdbhòl `s `a r`v`rsn `sp`bïihbn m`a mhspnshthvn m` snjr``sthodbhòl
pnrqu` `s prnjdja` qu` `a r`pr`s`ltdlt` ohlhohb` n mhsohluyd ads idb`tds m`
ad r`dahmdm. Bh`rtdo`lt` hlinrodrä da t`od m` qu` uld nbdshòl ln `s tdl
grdlm` m` ni`rtd
sh `a sue`tn aa`gd dbudlmn m` uk`bkn
t`rohldr tda`sd
njth`l` v`z`lnro`
ads bnsds hopnrtdlt`s qu` `stdja`b`
prnonbhòl.
@a r`pr`s`ltdlt` bh`rtdo`lt` t`lmrä ad bdpdbhmdm m` r`gr`sdr m`spuès, dsï
bnon m` m`badrdr bòon ln r`bnlnbh`rnl an `lnro` m` ad l`gnbhdbhòl,
m`eälmnans bnl ul dsp`btn grdlm` y tdojhèl bnl ul dsp`btn jdsdmn `l ad
dpdrh`lbhd vhrtudao`lt` o`lnr sh s` qu`edl.
 

dpt`r 4;5  Bnltrna o`ltda d trdvès m` ad khplnshs

R` trdtd m` ul hlstruo`ltn m` bnltrna o`ltda qu` uthahzdl ans khplnthzdmnr`s
prni`shnlda`s pdrd p`sbdr ad o`lt` sujbnlsbh`lt` sug`sthnldja` m` uld
p`rsnld, pdsdlmn pnr ad o`lt` bnlsbh`lt` y dldaïthbd bnl `a ihl m` br`dr
p`lsdoh`ltns pnshthvns n susthtuhr ads vh`eds br``lbhds l`gdthvds d ads qu` ad
o`lt` s` kd di`rrdmn murdlt` oubkn th`opn.
Ads p`rsnlds qu` prdbthbdl m`pnrt`s kdl usdmn ad khplnshs bnl èxhtn.
]dojhèl s` kd uthahzdmn `l ntrns bdopns bnon ad `mubdbhòl, ad t`rdphd, dsï
bnon `l ad o`enrd m` ad dutn`sthod pdrd duo`ltdr ad bnlihdlzd `l sï ohson
m` uld p`rsnld y m`skdb`rs` m` injhds, oh`mns y odans käjhtns. ]dojhèl s`
uthahzd pdrd ad r`adedbhòl y `a dahvhn m`a `strès.
R`gõl `a Hlsthtutn Ldbhnlda m` Rdaum, ad khplnshs `s ul hlstruo`ltn `ihbdz
pdrd r`mubhr dagulns thpns m` mnanr`s, `ltr` ans qu` s` `lbu`ltrd `a mnanr m`a
bälb`r. Dm`oäs,
dutndyumd. R` kds`mhbkn
kd m`onstrdmn
qu` `s uldqu` ad khplnshsõtha
k`rrdoh`ltd th`l``ldagulns j`l`ihbhns
budaquh`r hlt`ltn m`
m`
bdojhdr `a prnb`sn m` p`lsdoh`ltn m` ntrd p`rsnld pdrd bnsds bnon ad
p`rsudshòl, ad l`gnbhdbhòl n ads v`ltds. Budlmn ad khplnshs s` usd m` `std
odl`rd, s` bnlnb` bnon khplnshs bnlv`rsdbhnlda qu` s` jdsd `l ads tèblhbds
br`dmds/m`sdrrnaadmds pnr `a pshquhdtrd ` khplnt`rdp`utd oèmhbn do`rhbdln
Ohatnl K. @rhbfsnl.
Kdy shtudbhnl`s/bnlmhbhnl`s `l ads qu` ln s` pnmrä dbb`m`r d ul
khplnt`rdp`utd b`rthihbdmn n d budaquh`r ntrn `xp`rtn, pnr an qu` `a sue`tn
t`lmrä qu` m`bhmhrs` d `opa`dr `a usn m` ad dutnkhplnshs. R` trdtd shopa`o`lt`
m` ul prnb`sn `l `a qu` uld p`rsnld pu`m` khplnthzdrs` d sï ohsod pdrd
`ltrdr `l `a trdlb` khplòthbn pnr sï ohsod.
Ad dutnkhplnshs hopahbd `a oètnmn m` dutnsug`sthòl. @a usn oäs jäshbn m`
`st` oètnmn `s pdrd o`enrdr uln ohson. Ad odynrïd m` ads p`rsnlds qu` an
usdl an kdb`l pdrd dyumdrs` d sï ohsons d r`mubhr ans lhv`a`s m` `strès pdrd
pnm`r m`edr m` iuodr n pdrd njt`l`r ad onthvdbhòl l`b`sdrhd pdrd pnl`rs` d
mh`td.
Dulqu` kdy p`rsnlds qu` pu`m`l khplnthzdrs` d sï ohsods, ntrds m`sbujr`l
qu` ln pu`m`l kdb`ran pnr sï ohsods y l`b`shtdl dagõl thpn m` dshst`lbhd pdrd
dyumdra`s d dabdlzdr `a `stdmn dat`rdmn. Snmrïdl kdb`r usn m` bnsds bnon
grdjdbhnl`s khplòthbds n mhspnshthvns m` oäquhlds o`ltda`s qu` a`s dyum`l d
 

`ltrdr `l ul `stdmn dat`rdmn n `l `a trdlb` khplòthbn.

Ad dutnkhplnshs tdojhèl s` pu`m` uthahzdr `l ntrds är`ds bnon `a jh`l`stdr
iïshbn n pdrd sup`rdr `a oh`mn `sbèlhbn.
Ln `s `xtrdôn qu` budlmn ad odynrïd m` ad g`lt` ph`lsd `l ad khplnshs, an
prho`rn qu` a`s vh`l` d ad o`lt` `s ad khplnshs `sbèlhbd. @st` `s `a usn m` ad
khplnshs bnl `a prnpòshtn m` `ltr`t`lhoh`ltn y tïphbdo`lt` s` aa`vd d bdjn `l
t`dtrns n bauj`s `l pr`s`lbhd m` uld grdl dumh`lbhd.
@a khplnthzdmnr sh`opr` `s r`pr`s`ltdmn bnon ul käjha/grdl sknwodl y `stn
md ul hopuasn d ad hm`d m` qu` `a bnltrna o`ltda `s m` an qu` s` trdtd ad
khplnshs. Budlmn ad dbbhòl bnoh`lzd, `a khplnthzdmnr hlt`ltd pnl`r d tnmd ad
dumh`lbhd `l ul `stdmn dat`rdmn. D bnlthludbhòl, s`a`bbhnld d ans hlmhvhmuns
qu` buopa`l ans brht`rhns pdrd sujhr da `sb`ldrhn y r`dahzdr mhi`r`lt`s dbtns
qu` pu`m`l bnlshm`rdrs` `ojdrdznsns oh`ltrds `a r`stn m`a põjahbn ohrd y
mhsirutd m`a `sp`btäbuan.
]nmdvïd s` m`sbnlnb` ad rdzòl pnr ad qu` ad khplnshs `sbèlhbd pdr`b` s`r tdl
`ihbdz, dulqu` `l g`l`rda s` bnlshm`rd uld bnojhldbhòl m` tèblhbd `sbèlhbd,
sug`sthnldjhahmdm, `lgdôn, s`a`bbhòl m` pdrthbhpdlt`s y ntrns idbtnr`s
pshbnaòghbns.
@l su odynrïd, an qu` ans `xp`rtns br``l `s qu` ans pdrthbhpdlt`s sòan `stäl
ugdlmn bnl `a khplnthzdmnr pdrd prnpnrbhnldr ul ju`l `sp`btäbuan. R` br``
qu` `stns hlmhvhmuns `stäl ahstns pdrd s`guhr `a eu`gn pnrqu` mhsirutdl sh`lmn
`a b`ltrn m` dt`lbhòl n pnrqu` `stäl jden pr`shòl pdrd bnopadb`r d ad
dumh`lbhd.
@l dagulns ahjrns `sbrhtns pnr khplnthzdmnr`s `sbèlhbns r`thrdmns, s` r`iu`rzd
ad hm`d m`a `lgdôn y ad trdopd, dsï bnon dagulns r`ghstrns m` ruthlds
khplnthzdmnrds tntdao`lt` idasds qu` kdb`l usn m` susurrns d an adrgn m` su
dbtudbhòl.
Kdy mhi`r`lt`s thpns m` khplnshs. Bdmd thpn vh`l` bnl ul onmn m` np`rdbhòl
mhi`r`lt` y trdjded `l ad r`snaubhòl m` mhi`r`lt`s prnja`ods. Oh`ltrds qu`
dagulns pu`m`l s`r oäs dprnphdmns pdrd dyumdr bnl ad r`adedbhòl, ntrns s`räl
oäs `ihbdb`s pdrd dyumdr bnl ans prnja`ods r`adbhnldmns bnl `a bnltrna m`
p`sn.

Dquï `stäl ans mhi`r`lt`s thpns m` khplnshs qu` `stäl mhspnlhja`s5

 

Khplnshs trdmhbhnlda
@st` `s `a thpn m` khplnshs oäs bnoõl qu` s` kd prdbthbdmn kdstd ad i`bkd.
Budlmn s` uthahzd `st` thpn m` khplnshs, `a dg`lt` shopa`o`lt` kdb` dagulds
sug`r`lbhds qu` s` mhrhg`l d ad o`lt` hlbnlsbh`lt` m`a sue`tn.
@stn s`rä oäs `i`bthvn `l ans sue`tns qu` snl bnlnbhmns pnr tnodr tnmn an qu`
s` a`s mhb` shl kdb`r lhlguld pr`gultd. Budlmn vhshtds d ul khplnthzdmnr
b`rthihbdmn, n bnoprds uld bhltd pdrd usdrad `l `a prnb`sn m` dutn-khplnshs
qu` `s ad khplnshs trdmhbhnlda.
@st` thpn m` khplnshs ln l`b`shtd qu` `a dg`lt` pds` pnr lhlgõl thpn m`
`ltr`ldoh`ltn y ln l`b`shtdl t`l`r oubkd `xp`rh`lbhd `l `aan. @stds snl
dagulds m` ads rdznl`s pnr ads qu` `s tdl pnpuadr.
@std tèblhbd ln s`rä tdl `i`bthvd pdrd ads p`rsnlds qu` th`l`l p`lsdoh`ltns
prniulmns n uld o`lt` dldaïthbd bnon an s`rä pdrd dqu`aans qu` snl räphmns
pdrd db`ptdr ads bnsds qu` `stäl pdsdlmn d su dar`m`mnr shl p`lsdr `l `aan.
 

Khplnt`rdphd @rhbfsnlhdld
`s `a ntrn thpn m` khplnshs qu` vdons d `xdohldr. @st` `s ul thpn m` khplnshs
ul pnbn oäs bnopa`tn pnrqu` th`l` qu` v`r bnl `a usn m` khstnrhds y
o`täinrds.
Dquï, ads hm`ds y sug`r`lbhds qu` s` l`b`shtdl s` pr`s`ltdl d ad o`lt`
hlbnlsbh`lt`. Dulqu` `st` `s ul oètnmn oäs tèblhbn y r`quh`r` bh`rtn lhv`a
m` `xp`rh`lbhd y `ltr`ldoh`ltn, `s jdstdlt` pnm`rnsn y `i`bthvn. Iulbhnld
tdl jh`l pnrqu` `ahohld budaquh`r inrod m` r`shst`lbhd y janqu`n qu` `a
sue`tn pu`md pr`s`ltdr ir`lt` d ads sug`r`lbhds.
Kdy mns thpns prhlbhpda`s m` o`täinrds qu` s` su`a`l `opa`dr `l `a usn m` ad
Khplnt`rdphd @rhbfsnlhdld5 ads o`täinrds hsnoòrihbds y ads hlt`rbdadmds.
Ad O`täinrd Hlt`rbdadr  uthahzd `a bnodlmn qu` s` kd hlbnrpnrdmn d ad
khstnrhd pdrd qu` s`d iäbha m` m`sbujrhr pnr `a sue`tn budlmn `stè `l `stdmn m`
bnlbh`lbhd.
Ad o`täinrd hsnoòrihbd `s ul pnbn oäs bnoõl qu` ad o`täinrd hlt`rbdadmd
yd qu` nir`b` oäs mhr`bbhnl`s d ad o`lt` hlbnlsbh`lt` m`a sue`tn,
shopa`o`lt` pr`s`ltälmna` uld khstnrhd qu` `ls`ôd uld a`bbhòl onrda. Bnl
`stn, ad o`lt` hlbnlsbh`lt` pu`m` aa`gdr d uld r`adbhòl uln d uln qu`
vhlbuadrä ans `a`o`ltns qu` surg`l m` ad khstnrhd y ans qu` vh`l`l bnl ad
snaubhòl m`a prnja`od n `a bnopnrtdoh`ltn.
Ad khstnrhd m` "@a lhôn qu` grhtò anjn" `s dknrd bnoõlo`lt` uthahzdmd pnr ans
pdmr`s pdrd `ls`ôdr d sus khens snjr` ans p`ahgrns m` ad o`lthrd,
`sp`bhdao`lt` d ans lhôns qu` th`lm`l d o`lthr. M`spuès m` qu` `sbubk`l ad
khstnrhd, ad o`lt` hlbnlsbh`lt` m`a lhôn s`rä bdpdz m` hm`lthihbdr ul
pdrda`ahson `ltr` s`r ul o`lthrnsn y `a lhôn qu` grhtò anjn. @ltnlb`s sdjräl
qu` ad o`lthrd th`l` `a pnt`lbhda m` aa`vdrans da m`sdstr`. Dsï qu`, pdrd
odlt`l`rs` da`edmn m` tda m`sdstr`, `a lhôn m`edrä m` o`lthr.
@st` `s ntrn thpn m` khplnshs `l ad qu` `a dg`lt` kdb` usn m` uld khstnrhd
hlt`r`sdlt` pdrd khplnthzdr da sue`tn. Ad khstnrhd s` uthahzd bnon uld
mhstrdbbhòl pdrd bnoprno`t`r ad bnlbh`lbhd m`a sue`tn. @std khstnrhd tdojhèl
t`lmrä dagulds sug`r`lbhds hlmhr`btds qu` `stäl `sbnlmhmds `l `aad. @stds
sug`r`lbhds s`räl db`ptdmds pnr ad o`lt` hlbnlsbh`lt` m`a sue`tn.

Bnl `a usn
dyumdräl m` ad khstnrhd,
d bdldahzdr `a m`a
ad o`lt` dg`lt` pnmrä
sue`tn pdrd br`dr dagulds
bnls`guhr hlstrubbhnl`s
ad o`onrhd qu`
l`b`sdrhd.
 

@std o`onrhd d o`lumn th`l` qu` v`r bnl bh`rtds `xp`rh`lbhds m` dpr`lmhzde`
m`a pdsdmn qu` snl dprnphdmds pdrd r`snav`r `a prnja`od m`a pdbh`lt`. @std
`xp`rh`lbhd m` dpr`lmhzde` s`rä dpahbdmd pnr `a khplnthzdmnr pdrd dyumdr da
pdbh`lt` d kdb`r bdojhns `l su `stdmn dbtuda.

Bnon yd m`a
m`a t`od sdjräl, kdy o`ltda.
bnltrna vdrhds tèblhbds
Ydons qu` pu`m`l `opa`drs`
d b`ltrdrlns budlmn
`l ads inrods `l s`qu`
trdtd
ad
o`lt` pu`m` s`r odlhpuadmd bnl `a usn m` ad SLA (Srngrdodbhòl L`urn-
Ahlgñïsthbd). Ads shguh`lt`s snl dagulds m` `sds odl`rds5
 

Dt`lbhòl d ad p`rsnld5
Budlmn uld p`rsnld trdtd m` odlhpuadr ad o`lt` m` ntrd p`rsnld bnl `a usn
m` ad SLA, an kdb` prho`rn pr`stdlmn oubkd dt`lbhòl d ads sutha`s s`ôda`s m`
ad
m` p`rsnld bnon`a`aonvhoh`ltn
ads puphads, pdtròl m` r`sphrdbhòl,
m` ans nens,`a ans
a`lgude` bnrpnrda, ad
thbs l`rvhnsns, `a mhadtdbhòl
rujnr m`a
bu`rpn y dsï sub`shvdo`lt`. Grdbhds da k`bkn m` qu` ads `onbhnl`s m` uld
p`rsnld `l ul ono`ltn mdmn s` vhlbuadl iäbhao`lt` d tda`s badv`s, `s iäbha
pdrd `a usudrhn m` SLA hli`rhr `a `stdmn o`ltda m` ad p`rsnld.
Dm`oäs, `a usudrhn m` SLA dlntd `stns g`stns pdrd pnm`r m`t`rohldr ad inrod
`l qu` uld p`rsnld p`rbhj` y prnb`sd bdmd ph`zd m` hlinrodbhòl. Snr
`e`opan, sh s` a` pr`gultd d uld p`rsnld snjr` `a bnanr m` su bdohsd idvnrhtd y
ou`v` sus nens d ad `squhld sup`rhnr m`r`bkd, s` kdb` `vhm`lt` qu` kd br`dmn
vhsudao`lt` su r`spu`std. M`a ohson onmn, sh ou`v`l sus nens d ad `squhld
sup`rhnr hzquh`rmd, shglhihbd qu` kdl br`dmn ul r`bu`rmn vhsuda budlmn
vu`av`l da bnanr m` su bdohsd.
Rhl `ojdrgn, `l ans õathons th`opns, ans `stumhns kdl m`onstrdmn qu` `std
tèblhbd ln `s ouy ihdja`, yd qu` th`l` qu` v`r bnl oubkns ntrns idbtnr`s qu`
ad kdb`l oäs bnopahbdmd (Srdv``l, :349).
Kdjadlmn bnl uld ir`bu`lbhd sug`r`lt` m` ad o`lt` kuodld5
@stn th`l` qu` v`r bnl ad `ohshòl m` pdadjrds b`rbdlds d ans adthmns m`a
bnrdzòl m` uld p`rsnld, qu` tïphbdo`lt` `s m` =: d 7: adthmns pnr ohlutn.
Budlmn `stn s` kdb`, pu`m` hlmubhr ul datn `stdmn m` sug`sthnldjhahmdm `l ad
o`lt` m` uld p`rsnld.
Sdsdr m` ad o`lt` bnlsbh`lt` bnl `a usn m` ad ru`md m` vnz5
@std `s uld tèblhbd m` odlhpuadbhòl qu` th`l` qu` v`r bnl `a rnaan m` ad vnz,
qu` `s ul `sthan m` rhton bnl pdtrnl`s qu` dtrhlbk`rd ul pultn m`s`dmn
sdatälmns` ad o`lt` bnlsbh`lt` m` uld p`rsnld y y`lmn d ad o`lt`
sujbnlsbh`lt`. Pl usudrhn m` SLA kdb` `stn pnlh`lmn èlidshs `l ad pdadjrd
qu` m`s`d qu` `a r`b`ptnr `sbubk` `l ul `sthan m` onlntnlïd bnl pdtrnl`s.
Bnlstruhr uld r`adbhòl iäbhao`lt`, `l s`br`tn5
R` trdtd m` uld tèblhbd m` odlhpuadbhòl uthahzdmd pnr `a usudrhn `xp`rtn m`
SLA. R` kdb` `opa`dlmn ul a`lgude` pdrd duo`ltdr ad sug`sthnldjhahmdm.
Sdrd br`dr uld r`adbhòl bnl uld p`rsnld, `a prni`shnlda m` ad SLA ad `xdohld
 

m` b`rbd y pr`t`lm` dmnptdr `a a`lgude` bnrpnrda m` ad p`rsnld m` uld odl`rd

ouy sutha, kdbh`lmn dsï qu` ad p`rsnld s`d oäs vual`rdja` d tnmn an qu` `a
usudrhn m` SLA sugh`r`.
Srngrdodlmn ad o`lt` m` uld odl`rd sujaho` y br`dlmn ul dlbad5
@std tèblhbd th`l` qu` v`r bnl ul prnb`sn m` br`dbhòl m` ul dlbad `l uld
p`rsnld m` tda odl`rd qu` s` kdb` iäbha pnl`r d ad p`rsnld `l ul `stdmn
o`ltda pdrthbuadr shopa`o`lt` mdlmn gnap`bhtns `l ad p`rsnld n tnbälmnad
pdrd prngrdodr ad o`lt` m` ad p`rsnld m` uld odl`rd sujaho`.
Psdlmn pdadjrds bdah`lt`s m` uld odl`rd `i`bthvd5
Ans prni`shnlda`s m` ad SLA pu`m`l dmnptdr ul pdtròl m` pdadjrds qu` pu`m`
pdr`b`r lnroda `l ad sup`rihbh`, p`rn `l r`dahmdm snl p`rohshvds y sug`sthvds.
Kdy dagulds pdadjrds bdah`lt`s qu` `stäl bnl`btdmds d ans s`lthmns, `stds snl
ads qu` snl oäs sug`sthvds. Hlbauy`l pdadjrds bnon "`v`ltudao`lt`, shèltds`
ahjr`, v`d `stn, shglhihbd, `sbubk` `stn, dknrd, pnrqu`, bnon, `tb.
@stds pdadjrds snl ouy pnt`lt`s pdrd hlvnbdr ul `stdmn o`ltda bnon
`xp`rho`ltdr, s`lthr, hodghldr, `tb. ]dojhèl br`d ad p`rb`pbhòl qu` `a usudrhn
m` SLA m`s`d `l ad o`lt` m` uld p`rsnld. Dm`oäs, pu`m`l kdb`r usn m`
dagulds pdadjrds vdgds pdrd bnltrnadr ans p`lsdoh`ltns m` uld p`rsnld.
 

dpt`r 485  Bnltrna o`ltda d trdvès m` ad p`rsudshòl

Dknrd qu` th`l`s badrn ans mhi`r`lt`s thpns m` bnltrna o`ltda, pu`m`s `op`zdr
d dpr`lm`r bòon pu`m`s mnohldrans. Ad p`rsudshòl, ad odlhpuadbhòl, `a
`lgdôn y ans o`lsde`s sujahohlda`s snl `strdt`ghds qu` snl iäbhao`lt`
uthahzdmds pnr ad p`rsnld prno`mhn, y pu`m`l s`r usdmds pdrd angrdr budaquh`r
bnsd qu` m`s``s `l ad vhmd bnl ad dyumd m` budaquh`rd qu` quh`rds r`bautdr.
Dbadrdr què thpn m` bnltrna o`ltda `s ad ohtdm m` ad jdtdaad, pnrqu` `stn a`
p`rohthrä sdj`r buälmn m`j` usdrs` bdmd `strdt`ghd. Rhl `ojdrgn, oäs daaä m`
`sn l`b`shtds sdj`r ads tèblhbds `xdbtds m` bdmd `strdt`ghd.
Kdy oubkds tèblhbds mhi`r`lt`s qu` s` uthahzdl `l bdmd `strdt`ghd, pnr an qu`
pu`m` s`r djruodmnrd. An o`enr qu` pu`m`s kdb`r `s tnodrt` tu th`opn y
dpr`lm`r bdmd uld, uld d uld. @ahed ul är`d m` `linqu` y odltèlgds`
`linbdmn `l `aad murdlt` uld s`odld oh`ltrds dpr`lm` d hlt`grdrad
ldturdao`lt` `l su bnlv`rsdbhòl
shguh`lt` `strdt`ghd. y susbnon
@stn pu`m` snldr r`adbhnl`s.
sh iu`rdAu`gn, pu`m`s
d tnodr oubknpdsdr d ad
th`opn,
p`rn tdojhèl a` mdrä ad npnrtulhmdm m` t`l`r ans o`enr`s r`suatdmns. Rh
hlt`ltds hr m`odshdmn räphmn, tus tèblhbds pu`m`l t`l`r ul s`lthoh`ltn
inrzdmn y `sn t` quhtdrä `a èxhtn. Dm`oäs, pu`m` kdb`r qu` su ny`lt` s`pd
`xdbtdo`lt` an qu` `stä kdbh`lmn, qu` ln `s an qu` ust`m quh`r`.
 

]èblhbds m` p`rsudshòl
Kdy oubkds odl`rds m` p`rsudmhr d ad g`lt` pdrd qu` ph`ls` n s` bnopnrt` d
su idvnr. Ads shguh`lt`s `strdt`ghds snl tnmns oètnmns m` p`rsudshòl qu`
qu`rräs mnohldr. An hm`da `s qu` trdjde`s `l uld n mns d ad v`z. Rh trdtds m`
dpr`surdran
m` kdb`r, y tnmn, pu`m`
ad g`lt` r`suatdr
pu`m` v`r d`xtr`odmdo`lt`
trdvès m` `aan. @anjvhn an qu`
nje`thvn `s `stäs trdtdlmn
prdbthbdr dagn
kdstd qu` pu`mds hlt`grdran shl prnja`ods `l tu bnlv`rsdbhòl kdjhtuda, m`
onmn qu` ldmh` r`bnlnzbd qu` an `stäs kdbh`lmn. Bnl `a th`opn, pu`m`s
dôdmhr oäs y oäs, kdstd qu` kdyds mnohldmn bnopa`tdo`lt` `a drt` m` ad
p`rsudshòl.
Sdbhlg
@stn shglhihbd, `l õathod hlstdlbhd, qu` r`ia`eds `a bnopnrtdoh`ltn y `a
a`lgude` m` ntrd p`rsnld. Budlmn pu`m`s kdb`ran, br`ds ul s`lthmn
sujbnlsbh`lt` m` bnl`xhòl `ltr` tõ y `a hlmhvhmun bnl `a qu` `stäs kdjadlmn.
Ln quh`r`s s`r `xtr`odmdo`lt` njvhn da kdb`r `stn, dsï qu` ln ans r`ia`eds
bnopa`tdo`lt`, p`rn quh`r`s kdb`ran an suihbh`lt` pdrd br`dr `s` o`lsde`
sujbnlsbh`lt`. Rh s` tnbdl `a p`an, pnmrïds drr`gadr `a tuyn. Rh v`s qu` s`
hlbahldl kdbhd ad hzquh`rmd, `sp`rd ulns ono`ltns y au`gn hlbaïldt`
ldturdao`lt` kdbhd ad hzquh`rmd tdojhèl. Budlmn mhgdl bh`rtds bnsds,
`lbu`ltrd ad inrod m` hlbnrpnrdr `sds pdadjrds d ads bnlv`rsdbhnl`s m` inrod
ldturda pdrd qu` sh`ltdl qu` ads "bdptds". @stn a`s dyumdrä d s`lthrs`
bnl`btdmns bnl ust`m y a`s dyumdrä d `stdja`b`r uld s`lsdbhòl m` bnlihdlzd
bnl ust`m. Budlmn daguh`l bnliïd `l th, `s oubkn oäs prnjdja` qu` kdgd an
qu` tõ m`s`ds qu` kdgd.
@a rhton `s `a prho`r pdsn pdrd njt`l`r `a bnltrna `l uld bnlv`rsdbhòl.
Budlmn t` pds`ds, t` mds d th ohson ad kdjhahmdm m` dbb`m`r sujahohldao`lt`
d su sujbnlsbh`lt` y ans pnl`s `l ul `stdmn khplòthbn. Ln th`l`l lh hm`d m`
qu` an `stäs kdbh`lmn, pnr `sn s` bnlshm`rd uld inrod tdl pnm`rnsd m` bnltrna
o`ltda. Psdräs `stn bnon jds` pdrd bno`lzdr tus tèblhbds m` advdmn m`
b`r`jrn.
Hlbrustdbhòl
Pld v`z qu` kdyd `stdja`bhmn `a rhton m` ad bnlv`rsdbhòl, pu`m` `op`zdr d
prdbthbdr ad hlbrustdbhòl. @st` `s `a prnb`sn pnr `a buda hlbrustds bh`rtds
òrm`l`s `l tus bnlv`rsdbhnl`s pdrd qu` `oph`b`l d p`lsdr d tu idvnr. Ln a`s
`stäs mhbh`lmn mhr`btdo`lt` qu` an kdgdl, p`rn bnon `stäs kdjadlmn `l su
 o`lt` sujbnlsbh`lt`, th`l`s uld pnshbhòl m` dutnrhmdm `l ad qu` da sug`rhran,

kdb`s qu` ldturdao`lt` quh`rdl kdb`ran.

Hlbnrpnrdr òrm`l`s `l ad bnlv`rsdbhòl pu`m` pdr`b`r mhiïbha, p`rn `l r`dahmdm
`s jdstdlt` iäbha y kdrä qu` su ny`lt` m`bhmd d su idvnr shl qu` ust`m t`lgd
qu` bnlv`lb`ran m` kdb`ran. Rh`opr` quh`r`s ds`gurdrt` m` qu` `stäs
hlbrustdlmn bnodlmns
ln su`l`l bnon shl prnja`ods
ul bnodlmn pdrd qu`
`l djsnautn. su`l`lqu`
Mhgdons ldturda`s, y pdrd qu`
`stäs t`lh`lmn uld
bnlv`rsdbhòl bnl `aans, pnmrïds m`bhr dagn bnon "Dsï qu`, ¾th`l`s bhtds d
o`lumn>" trdjdedlmn ldturdao`lt` bnl `std irds` y au`gn hly`btälmnad `l ad
bnlv`rsdbhòl, a` mds da ny`lt` ad hm`d m` qu` quh`r` aa`vdrt` d uld bhtd.
@ltnlb`s, `aans tnodräl ad m`bhshòl shl qu` tõ t`lgds qu` p`mhran n nrm`ldran,
n hlbausn t`l`r qu` kdb`r qu` pdr`zbd qu` iu` tu hm`d pdrd `op`zdr.
Onthvdmnr`s prhodrhns
Ans onthvdmnr`s prhodrhns snl, `l õathod hlstdlbhd, ads rdznl`s pnr ads qu`
daguh`l qu`rrïd kdb`r an qu` s` a` phm`. Kdy oubkns onthvdmnr`s, y quh`r`s
`stdr s`gurn m` qu` ans `strubturds m` ad odl`rd bnrr`btd pdrd qu` onthv`l d
tu ny`lt` y bnlshgdl `a hopuasn l`b`sdrhn. @strubturdlmn tus pultns oäs
mèjha`s y pnm`rnsns dm`budmdo`lt`, pu`m`s br`dr ul hopuasn hrr`v`rshja` qu`
kdrä qu` budaquh`rd trdjde` d tu idvnr.
Ad o`enr odl`rd m` kdb`ran `s hm`lthihbdr sus onthvdmnr`s prhodrhns, y au`gn
hm`lthihbdr sus onthvdmnr`s o`lnr`s. Tuh`r`s usdr tus onthvdmnr`s prhodrhns
bnon ad prho`rd y ad õathod pdrt` m` ad onthvdbhòl `l tu bnlv`rsdbhòl, y
au`gn quh`r`s hly`btdr ans o`lnr`s d an adrgn m`a r`stn m` ad bnlv`rsdbhòl. M`
`std odl`rd, ad p`rsnld bnl ad qu` `stäs kdjadlmn sdj` buäa `s `a prnpòshtn m`
ad bnlv`rsdbhòl m`sm` `a prhlbhphn, y m`ed ad bnlv`rsdbhòl bnl `a prnpòshtn `l
o`lt` tdojhèl. Ans r`aa`lns `l `a o`mhn sòan prnpnrbhnldräl hlinrodbhòl
dmhbhnlda snjr` pnr què m`j`l tnodr su m`bhshòl d tu idvnr.
Bnlnbhoh`ltns r`bh`lt`s
@s oubkn oäs prnjdja` qu` ad g`lt` s` bnlb`ltr` `l an õathon qu` `sbubkò
`l su bnlv`rsdbhòl. Oh`ltrds qu` p`lsdräl `l ans r`aa`lns y tnmn an m`oäs,
ads ph`zds qu` oäs a`s hopdbtdräl snl ads bnsds qu` `sbubkdrnl oäs
r`bh`lt`o`lt`. Su`m` usdr `stn d su idvnr bnopdrth`lmn ad hlinrodbhòl oäs
idvnrdja` m`spuès m` ad hlinrodbhòl hlhbhda, m` onmn qu` `s oäs prnjdja`
qu` pr`st`l dt`lbhòl d ad hlinrodbhòl idvnrdja` `l bnopdrdbhòl bnl `a r`stn.
@std `s uld grdl odl`rd m` quhtdr ad dt`lbhòl m` ads pdrt`s l`gdthvds n o`lns
hopnrtdlt`s m` su bnlv`rsdbhòl y odlt`l`r d ad g`lt` `linbdmd `l ad pdrt` `l
 ad qu` ust`m quh`r` qu` s` `linqu`l.

Psdlmn `st` bnlnbhoh`ltn, pu`m`s aa`vdr ad bnlv`rsdbhòl d mnlm` quh`rds qu`

`stè `l ul ono`ltn mdmn. Rh ad bnlv`rsdbhòl s` `stä da`edlmn m`a pultn m`
`linqu` n sh s` kd bnopdrthmn dagn l`gdthvn n o`lns m`s`dja`, snojr`dran
bnl `a bnlnbhoh`ltn m` ans pultns oäs idvnrdja`s pdrd qu` s` b`ltr`l oäs `l
ad hlinrodbhòl r`bh`lt`. @stn `vhtdrä qu` trdjde`l d su idvnr da odlt`l`rs`
`linbdmns `l ad hlinrodbhòl o`lns m`s`dja` `l augdr m` ad hlinrodbhòl oäs
hopnrtdlt`.
Z`p`thbhòl
Kdy ul vdanr ouy datn qu` vh`l` eultn bnl ad r`p`thbhòl. Snr `sn ans dlulbhns
s` r`pht`l `l tnmds pdrt`s, y pnr `sn s` pu`m`l v`r `l oubkds padtdinrods
mhi`r`lt`s. @s pnr `sn qu` ad g`lt` m` l`gnbhns t` aadodrä y kdrä tnmn an
pnshja` pdrd pnl`r r`guadro`lt` `a lnojr` m` su `opr`sd m`adlt` m` tus nens.
Snr `sn, budlmn `sbubkds dagn vdrhds v`b`s, `stäs oäs hlt`r`sdmn `l `aan y `s
oäs prnjdja` qu` t` bnoprno`tds bnl èa qu` sh sòan an `sbubkds uld v`z.
@stn `s an ohson pdrd tu ny`lt`.
Budlmn t`lgds uld bnlv`rsdbhòl, r`pht` an ohson m` vdrhds odl`rds.
@lbu`ltrd lu`vds inrods m` pr`s`ltdr ad hlinrodbhòl m` odl`rd qu` ln su`l`
bnon ul mhsbn rdydmn, shln qu` dyum` d tu ny`lt` d odlt`l`rs` b`ltrdmn `l
dagn. @std hm`d `s qu` s` bdah`lt`l bdmd v`z oäs bnl su hlinrodbhòl, y
`v`ltudao`lt` `stäl ahstns pdrd m`bhmhr d su idvnr.
Tuh`r`s ds`gurdrt` m` qu` ad r`p`thbhòl s`d ldturda, y m` qu` s` `xth`lmd d an
adrgn m` oõathpa`s bnlv`rsdbhnl`s n hlt`rdbbhnl`s sh `s l`b`sdrhn. @stn
ds`gurdrä qu` `std tèblhbd m` p`rsudshòl `l pdrthbuadr iulbhnl` y qu` `a
r`suatdmn `stè d su idvnr.
Dlbadmn
@a dlbade` `s uld inrod ouy pnpuadr m` p`rsudshòl n bnltrna o`ltda qu`
uthahzd ad dbbhòl iïshbd pdrd kdjadr bnl ad o`lt` sujbnlsbh`lt`. @a dlbade` `s
`xtr`odmdo`lt` iäbha `l t`nrïd, p`rn r`quh`r` bh`rtd präbthbd pdrd pnm`r
kdb`ran m` uld odl`rd qu` r`dao`lt` iulbhnl`.
@s`lbhdao`lt`, `a dlbade` iulbhnld "dlbadlmn" uld pdrt` m` tu bu`rpn d ad
hlinrodbhòl "ju`ld" y uld pdrt` d ad hlinrodbhòl "odad". Mhgdons qu`
quh`r`s bnlv`lb`r d daguh`l m` qu` vhde` d @spdôd `l v`z m` d Irdlbhd. Bdmd
v`z qu` kdja`s m` @spdôd, ldturdao`lt` tnbdräs n s`ôdadräs uld znld m` tu
bu`rpn, mhgdonsn tu
Irdlbhd tnbdräs knojrnntrd
s`ôdadräs hzquh`rmn.
znld m` Rhl `ojdrgn,
tu bu`rpn, bdmd v`z
mhgdons qu` kdja`s
ad bdm`rd m`
m`r`bkd.
 

Tuh`r`s qu` ln s`d njvhn qu` `stäs kdbh`lmn `stn, dsï qu` ln quh`r`s s`ôdadr
badrdo`lt` `st` pultn. An hm`da s`rïd qu` khbh`rds ul g`stn bdsuda kdbhd `aans
y d v`b`s ans tnbdrds. Bnon r`suatdmn, tu ny`lt` dsnbhdrä bdmd är`d m` tu
bu`rpn bnl ul m`t`rohldmn pultn. Y`räl su knojrn hzquh`rmn bnon "ju`ln"
y su bdm`rd m`r`bkd bnon "odan". Dsï qu`, budlmn ihldao`lt` aa`gu`s d ad
aïl`d m` gnap`, sh mhb`s "@ltnlb`s, ¾d mòlm` t` gustdrïd hr>" oh`ltrds kdb`s ul
g`stn kdbhd tu knojrn hzquh`rmn. Bnon r`suatdmn, su o`lt` sujbnlsbh`lt`
t`lmrä oäs prnjdjhahmdm`s m` bnls`guhr qu` su o`lt` bnlsbh`lt` mhgd @spdôd,
pnrqu` ldturdao`lt` kdl dsnbhdmn su knojrn hzquh`rmn bnl @spdôd qu` `s
"ju`ln".
@stds tèblhbds m` p`rsudshòl snl tnmn thpn m` odlh`rhsons bnlv`rsdbhnlda`s
qu` pu`m`s usdr pdrd t`l`r èxhtn bnl `a bnltrna o`ltda. Tuh`r`s usdrads
murdlt` ads bnlv`rsdbhnl`s r`guadr`s bnon ul oètnmn pdrd `strubturdr tus
nrdbhnl`s y tu mhr`bbhòl g`l`rda m` bnlv`rsdbhòl. M`j`s tnodrt` tu th`opn y
`lt`lm`r r`dao`lt`shl
pu`mds trdjdedrads bòon bdmd tèblhbd
prnja`ods. ]`l`r `lbded `l tu`a bnlv`rsdbhòl
`a bnltrna, pdrd pdrd
tdbtn y ad tèblhbd qu`
kdb`r qu` ad bnlv`rsdbhòl iauyd m` inrod ldturda bnl `stds tèblhbds padltdmds
`l su hlt`rhnr a` p`rohthrä uthahzdr r`dao`lt` ad p`rsudshòl pdrd su pa`ln
`i`btn. Budlmn s` uthahzd ad p`rsudshòl dm`budmdo`lt`, s` `lbnltrdrä qu` yd
ln th`l` qu` usdr ad p`rsudshòl njvhd bnon oètnmn pdrd p`rsudmhr d ad g`lt`
d kdb`r an qu` ust`m quh`r` qu` kdgdl. @l su augdr, ldturdao`lt` s`räl
p`rsudmhmns pdrd qu` t` `sbubk`l pnrqu` kds padltdmn ad hm`d `l su o`lt` d
an adrgn m` ad bnlv`rsdbhòl. @l õathod hlstdlbhd, p`lsdräl y dbtudräl d tu
idvnr pnrqu` kds hopadltdmn ad hm`d m` kdb`ran m`ltrn m` ad bnlv`rsdbhòl. @l
augdr m` p`lsdr qu` iu` tu hm`d y qu` tõ ans `opuedst` d `aan, s`lthräl qu` iu`
su prnphd hm`d y qu` shopa`o`lt` `stdjds m` dbu`rmn bnl `aans.
 

dpt`r :35  Ldrbhshson

¾Tuè `s `a ldrbhshson>
@a ldrbhshson `s ul bnlb`ptn qu` kd `xhsthmn murdlt` vdrhds mèbdmds. Rhl
`ojdrgn, s` bdsns
r`pnrtdl oäs kd vu`atn
bdmd rdopdlt`
mïd. `l `a oulmn onm`rln d o`mhmd qu` s`
@a ldrbhshson pu`m` s`r sdaumdja` n ln. @a ldrbhshson sdaumdja` inrod pdrt`
m` ads hlt`rdbbhnl`s kuodlds mhdrhds. Dyumd d ans hlmhvhmuns d dpr`bhdr sus
angrns y d sup`rdr o`enr ans m`sdiïns. Rhl `ojdrgn, budlmn ans hlmhvhmuns s`
vu`av`l `xb`shvdo`lt` `gnbèltrhbns, `s budlmn `a ldrbhshson s` vu`av`
m`strubthvn. @std s`gulmd inrod m` ldrbhshson d o`lumn surg` m` ad idatd m`
sdthsidbbhòl hlmhvhmuda. Rh`opr` r`suatd `l r`adbhnl`s m`struhmds y dagulns
trdstnrlns o`ltda`s.
Ad snbh`mdm v` `a ldrbhshson bnon uld `li`ro`mdm n bnon ul rdsgn. Rhl
`ojdrgn, `s uld m` ads bnlmhbhnl`s qu` `stäl aa`lds m` tdltd hrnlïd. Ad
odynrïd m` ad g`lt` v` d ans ldrbhshstds bnon hlmhvhmuns `gnïstds qu` sòan s`
dodl d sï ohsons. An qu` ln s` sdj` `s qu` `a donr qu` ans ldrbhshstds
th`l`l pnr sï ohsons d o`lumn ln `s bnrr`spnlmhmn. Pl hlmhvhmun bnlnbhmn
bnon Ldrbhsn `stdja`bhò `a ldrbhshson kdb` oha`s m` dôns. R` ohrò `l ul
`sp`en y bno`lzò d aanrdr budlmn s` mhn bu`ltd m` qu` su hodg`l `l `a `sp`en
ln pnmïd m`vnav`ra` `a donr. D trdvès m` `stn, ad g`lt` dpr`lmhò qu` `a donr
prnphn lulbd pnmrïd r`suatdr `l lhlguld inrod m` sdthsidbbhòl. ]dojhèl
aa`gdrnl d `lt`lm`r qu` `a donr prnphn sdaumdja` ln vh`l` m` ad drrngdlbhd y
ad dutn-njs`shòl. Oäs jh`l, vh`l` m` ad db`ptdbhòl m` uln ohson, shl trdtdr
m` sup`rdr d ans m`oäs.
Ad snbh`mdm tdojhèl v` d ans ldrbhshstds bnon hlmhvhmuns iu`rt`s qu` pu`m`l
sup`rdr budaquh`r njstäbuan. Rhl `ojdrgn, `st` ln `s `a bdsn. Ans ldrbhshstds d
o`lumn usdl ad odlhpuadbhòl y ntrns bnopnrtdoh`ltns tòxhbns pdrd nbuatdr
su idatd m` sdthsidbbhòl y angrn. Rh`opr` sdj`l qu` sòan `stäl ihlgh`lmn su
bdräbt`r, y qu` ln snl an qu` pdr`b`l s`r. ]dojhèl eusthihbdl an qu` ln
pu`m`l dirnltdr prny`btälmnan d ans m`oäs. @stds prny`bbhnl`s hlbauy`l
bnsds bnon m`jhahmdm`s, oh`mns y irustrdbhnl`s. Aubkdl pnr db`ptdr qu` snl
hlbdpdb`s m` buopahr bh`rtds tdr`ds. Snr `sn shgu`l brhthbdlmn d sus
bnopdô`rns, idohahdr`s n hlbausn d sus bòlyug`s pdrd br`dr uld hopr`shòl m`
p`ri`bbhnlhson d su dar`m`mnr.
 

Ans ldrbhshstds snl od`strns `l hglnrdr sus prnphds ahohtdbhnl`s. Bnon s`

dodl m`odshdmn d sï ohsons, th`lm`l d vhvhr `l ad haushòl y `a dutn`lgdôn
pdrd `vhtdr `lir`ltdrs` d ad r`dahmdm. An kdb`l br`dlmn uld idasd hodg`l m` sï
ohsons qu` s` v` lujadmd pnr luo`rnsds idltdsïds. Ru v`rmdm`rd hm`lthmdm s`
`sbnlm` m`träs m` uld oäsbdrd qu` ln `s iäbha m` hm`lthihbdr. @l r`dahmdm, ans
ldrbhshstds snl hlmhvhmuns suirh`lt`s qu` l`b`shtdl oubkd dyumd y
bnopr`lshòl. D o`mhmd qu` bnlthlõdl `vhtdlmn ad r`dahmdm, m`sdrrnaadl uld
iu`rt` `strdt`ghd m` m`i`lsd qu` `s mhiïbha m` sup`rdr.
Dulqu` sòan ulns pnbns bdsns m` ldrbhshson aa`gdl da pultn m` s`r
bnlshm`rdmns bnon ul trdstnrln, bdsh tnmns ans s`r`s kuodlns th`l`l da
o`lns uld t`lm`lbhd ldrbhshstd. @s ul o`bdlhson m` sup`rvhv`lbhd qu` s`
uthahzd pdrd bnop`lsdr ans idaans y ads m`ihbh`lbhds. Ad g`lt` an usd eultn bnl
`a dutn`lgdôn pdrd `vhtdr bhrbulstdlbhds qu` aa`v`l d ad v`rgñ`lzd. Dyumd d
ads p`rsnlds d sup`rdr ad m`pr`shòl, yd qu` ad odynrïd m` ans ldrbhshstds ln s`
dodl d sïs`lthmn
prniulmn ohsons. Ru bnopnrtdoh`ltn
m` hli`rhnrhmdm ldrbhshstd a`s dyumd d `lbujrhr su
y dutn-nmhn.
Ans ldrbhshstds sh`opr` s` prny`btdl bnon p`rsnlds ouy hlt`ahg`lt`s,
`anbu`lt`s y mntdmds. @std prny`bbhòl sda` bnon drrngdlbhd y nrguaan.
Tuh`r`l qu` `a oulmn s`pd an hopnrtdlt`s qu` snl. Ru hlt`lbhòl lulbd `s
k`rhr d ldmh`, p`rn sus dbbhnl`s y s`lthoh`ltns t`rohldl `l ul trduod
`onbhnlda pdrd ans m`oäs. Ln sh`lt`l r`onrmhoh`ltn pnr bdusdr mdôn, y
pu`m`l eusthihbdrs` pdrd sdahr m` shtudbhnl`s hlbòonmds. Ru prhlbhpda
mhsthlbhòl `s ad idatd m` pr`nbupdbhòl pnr su `ltnrln. Lulbd s` pr`nbupdl pnr
sus dbbhnl`s, y bòon èstds pu`m`l di`btdr sus r`adbhnl`s. @s uld inrod m`
njt`l`r ad dt`lbhòl m`a oulmn.
Ans ldrbhshstds snl sh`opr` hlmhi`r`lt`s da prngr`sn m` ans m`oäs. Ròan s`
hlvnaubrdl `l dbthvhmdm`s qu` a`s mdl sdthsidbbhòl. Ru hlt`rès `l ans dsultns
m` ans m`oäs lulbd `s g`luhln d o`lns qu` kdyd uld padtdinrod pdrd `e`rb`r
ad sup`rhnrhmdm. Pl ju`l lõo`rn m` `stdidmnr`s `l `a oulmn snl ldrbhshstds.
Bnon snl m` ldturda`zd `lgdônsd, `s iäbha pdrd `aans `stdidr d ntrns y sdahrs`
bnl ad suyd. Ad vhmd s` vu`av` mnanrnsd pdrd `aans budlmn ln pu`m`l angrdr
sus m`s`ns `gnïstds. A`s `lbdltd budlmn ad g`lt` a`s t`o`.
Pld p`rsnld ldrbhshstd bdojhdrä su p`rsnldahmdm n ad hodg`l m` sï ohsod `l
jds` da thpn m` dmohrdbhòl qu` quh`r` r`bhjhr m` ans m`oäs. R` v`rä d sï
ohson d trdvès m` ans nens m` ans m`oäs, y au`gn br`drä uld hodg`l idasd qu`
 s`rä uld rèpahbd `xdbtd m` an qu` v`. @l r`dahmdm `std hodg`l ln `xhst`. Pl

ldrbhshstd pu`m` dsuohr ul `sthan m` vhmd qu` ln `s suyn sòan pdrd p`rodl`b`r
`l `a bdlm`a`rn.
Ntrn `linqu` uthahzdmn pdrd `xpahbdr pnr què ad snbh`mdm `stä aa`ld m`
ldrbhshstds `s `a dsp`btn m` ad dutn`sthod. Ad g`lt` qu` s` `sthod m`odshdmn d
sï ohsod ddo`lumn
y vdanrdl b`a`jrd
ans m`oäs. Rnlsus angrns y èxhtns.
bnlsbh`lt`s m` bòon@stds p`rsnlds
trdtdl d ans snl bdrhônsds
m`oäs, y a`s
`lbdltd bnlstruhr r`adbhnl`s sdaumdja`s. An bnltrdrhn `s bh`rtn pdrd ans
ldrbhshstds, yd qu` ln s` pr`nbupdl pnr ads r`adbhnl`s.
@a ldrbhshson s` `xp`rho`ltd `l tnmds pdrt`s. Ans ldrbhshstds pu`m`l s`r sus
bna`gds, idohahdr`s n bnlnbhmns. Budlmn s` trdtd m`a augdr m` trdjden, s` m`j`
br`dr bnlbh`lbhd m`jhmn d ad drrngdlbhd y ad ldturda`zd hlthohmdtnrhd dsnbhdmd
bnl `a ldrbhshson. Snr ldturda`zd, `a ldrbhshson shgu` sh`lmn ul grdl m`sdiïn
pdrd ads nrgdlhzdbhnl`s m`jhmn da hopdbtn l`gdthvn qu` bdusd `l `a
r`lmhoh`ltn hlmhvhmuda y m`a `quhpn. Ans bnopdô`rns m` trdjden ldrbhshstds
ln s` mdl bu`ltd m` ad l`b`shmdm m` dyumd. Irustrdräl d sus bna`gds y s`
s`lthräl jh`l budlmn o`tdl d ntrns `l prnja`ods.
@l `a augdr m` trdjden, `s iäbha hm`lthihbdr d ul bna`gd bnl rdsgns ldrbhshstds.
Èa n `aad t`lm`rä d kdb`ran5
Hliad su `gn y sh`opr` s` djr` bdohln d ad iu`rzd m`ltrn m`a
dojh`lt` m` trdjden
Lulbd dmohtd qu` s` `quhvnbd, hlbausn budlmn ul `quhpn kd
bno`thmn ul `rrnr.
Bnlshm`rdrä budaquh`r `rrnr bnon buapd m` ntrd p`rsnld
@a ldrbhshstd usdrä täbthbds m` bnltrna o`ltda pdrd gdldr d ntrns
bna`gds pdrd su admn. Su`m` usdr ad ohsod tèblhbd pdrd gdldr d su
 e`i`
Ln o` qu`mè oubkn th`opn bnl oh odmr`, pnrqu` s` s`pdrò m` oh pdmr` y
lns qu`mdons bnl èa tnmn `a th`opn. Kdb` ulns dôns, `aad r`gr`sò y oh pdpä
m`bhmhò qu` `rd o`enr pdrd lnsntrns qu` hlt`rdbtuärdons bnl `aad yd qu`,
ju`ln, `aad `rd lu`strd odmr`.
@a prhlbhphn iu` mhv`rthmn, pnmïd aa`vdrlns d kdb`r `xburshnl`s y bnoprds,
p`rn `stn hjd d s`r m` bnrtd murdbhòl.

Oh odmr`ldmd
m` kdb`r m`eò `l
m` s`r ad oue`r
ad bdsd. ]noòdgrdmdja`
tnmn an qu`
qu`kdjïdons
kdjïd `l aa`gdmn
ad bdsd dbnon
dodrsuyn
y m`eòy
 

tnoò ul dhr` m` m`r`bkn qu` `op`zò d m`sbnlb`rtdrlns, d ohs k`rodlds y d

oï.
Bdmd v`z qu` hlt`ltäjdons kdjadr bnl `aad snjr` ad shtudbhòl ` hlt`ltäjdons
pr`gultdra` què `stdjd pdsdlmn, pnmïd m`edr ad bnlv`rsdbhòl `l ul susphrn.
@ltnlb`s dbtudjd
ldmd y au`gn bnon sh
bnlthludjd bnlldmd kujh`rdbnopnrtdoh`ltn.
`a ohson pdsdmn y ln kujhèrdons kdjadmn m`
Rh`opr` qu` pnmïdons hlt`ltdr s`ltdrad y kdjadr bnl `aad, s` vnavïd anbd,
aadoälmnlns hmhntds m`sdgrdm`bhmns y kdbhèlmnlns pdr`b`r buapdja`s budlmn
sdjïdons qu` t`lïd ul prnja`od. Aa`gò ul ono`ltn `l `a qu` ln pnmïd
p`rohthrlns m`bhr ldmd m`adlt` m` pdpä, y pdrd `aan, pdpä s` pnlïd m` su admn
pnrqu` qu`rïd qu` ads bnsds iulbhnldrdl.
Kdy ono`ltns `l ans qu` s`rïd ad o`enr odmr` m`a oulmn, p`rn ans th`opns
bdojhdrïdl y pnmrïd bnlv`rthrs` `l ul onlstrun.

@a
uldldrbhshson `s uld
p`rsnld. Rhl bnlmhbhòl
`ojdrgn, qu` ghrdvd`loäs
`a tèrohln tnrlndaaä
d ans
m` hlt`r`s`s prnphnsqu`
ads dbthvhmdm`s m`
r`dahzd ad g`lt`, yd qu` tdojhèl di`btd da s`lthmn m` hopnrtdlbhd m` ad
p`rsnld. D ad odynrïd m` ads p`rsnlds a`s r`suatd mhiïbha hlt`rdbtudr bnl ans
ldrbhshstds yd qu` ln pdr`b`l tdl r`da`s.
@a ldrbhshson `xhst` bnon ul dopahn `sp`btrn, dulqu` ad odynrïd m` ad g`lt`
g`l`rdahzd `a LSM bnon uld bnlmhbhòl õlhbd. Ans hlv`sthgdmnr`s br``l qu`
kdy vdrhns thpns m` ldrbhshstds. Bdmd thpn th`l` uld bnojhldbhòl õlhbd m`
rdsgns y onthvdbhòl. Ans mhi`r`lt`s thpns s` badshihbdl `l tr`s thpns
prhlbhpda`s, y vdrhns sujthpns.
Ans tr`s thpns prhlbhpda`s m` ldrbhshson snl5
4. @a baäshbn ldrbhshstd
:. @a ldrbhshstd vual`rdja`
2. @a ldrbhshstd odahgln
@a ldrbhshstd baäshbn `s tdojhèl bnlnbhmn bnon `a ldrbhshstd `xkhjhbhnlhstd,
grdlmhnsn n m` datn iulbhnldoh`ltn. @s `a thpn oäs bnoõl y s` r`ih`r` d ans
hlmhvhmuns qu` shgu`l pr`suoh`lmn m` sus angrns bnon uld inrod m` njt`l`r
ad dt`lbhòl m` ad g`lt`. Ans hlmhvhmuns bnl `st` thpn m` ldrbhshson d o`lumn
`sp`rdl r`bhjhr ul trdtdoh`ltn `sp`bhda. R` djurr`l budlmn ad dt`lbhòl y `a
`linqu` bdojhdquh`r`l
`quhpn pnrqu` m` `aans s`lthrs`
d ntrds p`rsnlds. Zdrdtnmn
hopnrtdlt`s v`z `a
bnopdrt`l
th`opn. `a èxhtn dbnl
]rdtdl ul
bdmd
 

p`rsnld bnl ad qu` `ltrdl `l bnltdbtn bnon s`r`s hli`rhnr`s.

@a ldrbhshstd baäshbn sh`opr` `s `xtrnv`rthmn pnr ldturda`zd. Mnohldl ads
mhsbushnl`s y dbthvhmdm`s. Ru jõsqu`md m` `stdtus y pnm`r `s ouy `vhm`lt` `l
sus hlt`rdbbhnl`s. Ru hlt`lbhòl, shl `ojdrgn, lulbd `s dyumdr d ans m`oäs,
shln `a j`l`ihbhn prnphn.
An npu`stn da ldrbhshson grdlmhnsn `s `a ldrbhshson vual`rdja`. @stns snl
mhiïbha`s m` hm`lthihbdr pnrqu` sus rdsgns ldrbhshstds snl mhiïbha`s m`
hm`lthihbdr. D o`lumn snl r`s`rvdmns ` hltrnv`rthmns. Ans ldrbhshstds
vual`rdja`s rdrd v`z mnohldl `a oulmn. Ru ldturda`zd trdlquhad d o`lumn a`s
hophm` r`bhjhr `a thpn m` dt`lbhòl qu` l`b`shtdl. Rh`opr` t`rohldl
odlhpuadlmn d ans m`oäs pdrd r`bhjhr dmohrdbhòl. Dagulns m` ans rdsgns
uthahzdmns pdrd hm`lthihbdr `st` thpn m` ldrbhshstds snl5
Pld o`ltdahmdm m` vhbthohzdbhòl `l ad qu` `a ldrbhshstd s` kdb` ad
vïbthod pdrd dtrd`r ad dt`lbhòl
Jõsqu`md m` ad shopdtïd m` ans m`oäs
Rh`opr` dpdr`b`l bnon hlmhvhmuns p`ri`btns
@onbhnldao`lt` m`odshdmn `xhg`lt`
Ldturdao`lt` tïohmn
]`o`l `a djdlmnln y `a r`bkdzn
Psdr ad odlhpuadbhòl pdrd gdldr shopdtïd
Ans ldrbhshstds vual`rdja`s sh`opr` quh`r`l pdr`b`r p`ri`btns da oulmn. Rnl
ouy s`lshja`s y pnr an tdltn a`s r`suatd mhiïbha odlt`l`r r`adbhnl`s. M`jhmn d
su ldturda`zd trdlquhad, s` m`prho`l iäbhao`lt` budlmn ln buopa`l bnl sus
nje`thvns. Hlbausn pu`m`l kdb`rs` mdôn pdrd aadodr ad dt`lbhòl. Rh`opr` `s
mhiïbha pdrd `aans bnltrnadr sus `onbhnl`s.
Ans hlv`sthgdmnr`s tdojhèl s` r`ih`r`l d `aans bnon ldrbhshstds m` drodrhn,
bnop`lsdtnrhns n irägha`s. Ln a`s gustd `stdr `l `a pultn m` ohrd. D
mhi`r`lbhd m` ans ldrbhshstds baäshbns qu` sh`opr` dsuo`l datns bdrgns `l ad
snbh`mdm, ans ldrbhshstds vual`rdja`s lulbd vdl pnr `a pnm`r. @l su augdr, d
o`lumn s` bnl`btdl bnl ntrds p`rsnlds `sp`bhda`s d su dar`m`mnr. Rhgu`l
bnlgrdbhälmns` bnl ans m`oäs bnon uld inrod m` duo`ltdr su dutn`sthod.
@stns tdojhèl s` aadodl ldrbhshstds tòxhbns. Ru lhv`a m` `xpantdbhòl y
odlhpuadbhòl
odynrïd m` ads`sp`rsnlds
jdstdlt`bnl
datn
`stdbnopdrdmn bnlt`rohldl
p`rsnldahmdm ans mns sh`lmn
prho`rns thpns. Ad
pshbòpdtds y
 

snbhòpdtds. Ru dg`lmd `s mnohldr y njt`l`r `a bnltrna m` ntrds p`rsnlds. Snr

an tdltn, pu`m`l usdr `a `lgdôn n ad iu`rzd pdrd buopahr su ohshòl. Lulbd
sh`lt`l r`onrmhoh`ltn budlmn s` `quhvnbdl y ln s` hm`lthihbdl bnl ans
m`sdiïns qu` `lir`ltdl ans m`oäs.

Ans hlmhvhmuns bnl

m` p`rsnldahmdm `st` thpnLulbd
dlthsnbhda. m` ldrbhshson sh`opr`
mhi`r`lbhdl t`rohldl
`ltr` `a bnl `a trdstnrln
bnopnrtdoh`ltn onrda
` hlonrda. Ntrns rdsgns qu` bdrdbt`rhzdl d ans ldrbhshstds tòxhbns hlbauy`l5
Drrngdlbhd
@a m`s`n m` s`r oäs ahstn qu` ans m`oäs
Datd dutn`sthod
Dgr`shòl
Rdmhson kdbhd ans m`oäs - ans hlmhvhmuns th`lm`l d onstrdr nmhn
kdbhd ans m`oäs. @lbu`ltrdl sdthsidbbhòl `l `a suirhoh`ltn y `a
mnanr m` ans
sdthsidb`r susm`oäs.
m`s`nsBr`dl m` ju`ld
y odlt`l`r gdld shtudbhnl`s
`a bnltrna. mnanrnsds
@st` mnanr pdrd
`s `l inrod
m` djusn iïshbn, `onbhnlda n v`rjda.
Sdrdlnhd - Rh`opr` snsp`bkdl m` ans m`oäs y pdr`b`l hls`gurns
dar`m`mnr m` ad g`lt` qu` odlhpuadl. Snr an tdltn, s` pr`nbupdl pnr
ads dbthvhmdm`s m` ans m`oäs bnon uld inrod m` bnltrnadrans.
Idltdsïds y dpr`bhdbhòl m`a dtrdbthvn iïshbn
Datn s`lthmn m` ad hopnrtdlbhd p`rsnlda
.
 

dpt`r :45  Zdsgns m`a ldrbhshson

Rh ust`m `stä iu`rd, prnjdja`o`lt` ln vd d jusbdr shglns qu` s` bnlshm`r`l m`
mhdglòsthbn. Srnjdja`o`lt` `stdrïds ohrdlmn ad p`rsnldahmdm m`a ldrbhshstd,
vh`lmn sus t`lm`lbhds d bnopnrtdrs` m` bh`rtds odl`rds. Snr `e`opan, ans
ldrbhshstds d o`lumn s` sh`lt`l njahgdmns d o`lthr bnl r`guadrhmdm. Ln s`
pu`m` s`ôdadr hlhbhdao`lt` qu` `sn s`d uld `xpantdbhòl, qu` `s bnon s` a`s
`thqu`tdrïd `l `a `ltnrln baïlhbn. Rhl `ojdrgn, `l `a mïd d mïd, s`rïd oubkn
oäs prnjdja` qu` s` mh`rd bu`ltd m` qu` ad o`lthrd `s uld s`ôda m`
dmv`rt`lbhd.
Snr an tdltn, vdons d v`r ans rdsgns y t`lm`lbhds oäs bnoul`s m`a ldrbhshstd.
Budlmn pu`mds r`bnlnb`rans, pnmräs `op`zdr d dv`rhgudr `xdbtdo`lt`
quhèl`s m` ans qu` t` rnm`dl snl ldrbhshstds. ]`l `l bu`ltd, shl `ojdrgn, qu`
bnon tnmn `a oulmn, ans ldrbhshstds snl p`rsnlds y ad g`lt` ln sh`opr` s`
pr`s`ltdrä
shl s`r ul m` ad ohsody odl`rd.
ldrbhshstd, Daguh`lpu`m`l
ans ldrbhshstds pu`m` t`l`r
t`l`r vdrhns m` `stns
sòan ulns shglns
pnbns. Rhl
`ojdrgn, `stns snl ans rdsgns y t`lm`lbhds oäs prnjdja`s qu` s` pu`m`l
lntdr `l ul ldrbhshstd.
 

Ad S`rsnld Ldrbhshstd
Ans ldrbhshstds quh`r`l s`r dmohrdmns pnr ntrds p`rsnlds. @l su odynr pdrt`,
`stn r`quh`r` qu` `a ldrbhshstd s`d bdpdz m` s`r qu`rhmn, da o`lns kdstd bh`rtn
pultn, pnr ntrds p`rsnlds. @stn shglhihbd qu` `a ldrbhshstd l`b`shtdrä dv`rhgudr
bòon pu`m`l s`r qu`rhmns pnr ntrns d su dar`m`mnr. Ad odynrïd m` ads v`b`s
`lbu`ltrdl su bdohln `l grupns y r`adbhnl`s d trdvès m`a usn m` uld p`rsnld.
@a ldrbhshstd `s ul hlmhvhmun irägha... `stä hltrïls`bdo`lt` trdtdlmn m` prnt`g`r
`s` irägha `gn budlmn trdtd bnl ntrds p`rsnlds. Tuh`r` ds`gurdrs` m` qu` `s
bdpdz m` nbuatdr su v`rmdm`rn yn, `s` onlstrun qu` aa`vd da djusn y ad
`xpantdbhòl m` ntrds p`rsnlds. M`spuès m` tnmn, sh ad g`lt` dsuoh`rd qu` èa `s
`xpantdmnr y mhiïbha m` `stdr b`rbd tnmn `a th`opn, ln qu`rrïdl hlvnaubrdrs`
bnl èa `l djsnautn. @stn th`l` s`lthmn, ldmh` quh`r` `xpnl`rs` d `s` thpn m`
djusn pnt`lbhda. ]nmns `vhtdrïdl da ldrbhshstd, an qu` shglhihbd qu` `a
ldrbhshstd lulbd njt`lmrïd `a suohlhstrn qu` `aans m`odlmdl.
Sdrd `vhtdran, `a ldrbhshstd br`d ul p`rsnlde`. Br`d `std hm`lthmdm idasd qu` `s
bdpdz m` dsuohr d vnaultdm, br`dlmn uld `sp`bh` m` oäsbdrd pdrd sï ohson
pdrd nbuatdr quhèl `s r`dao`lt`. Rdj` qu` `s hlm`s`dja` tda bnon `s, y an
`sbnlm` pnr `sd rdzòl. @std p`rsnld sh`opr` `stä bdojhdlmn. Rh`opr` `stä
bdojhdlmn pdrd r`ia`edr ldturdao`lt` an qu` ntrds p`rsnlds quh`r`l v`r. @s
bdpdz m` bdojhdr m` p`rsnld `l ul ono`ltn mdmn bnon sh `stuvh`rd
dsuoh`lmn lu`vns pdp`a`s `l `a oulmn, y kdstd bh`rtn pultn, an `stä
kdbh`lmn.
Snr `e`opan, hodghld qu` dbdjds m` bnlnb`r d ul ldrbhshstd. Èa t` dldahzdrä d
th y dpdrd
vhmd tu bnopnrtdoh`ltn, trdtdlmn
pnm`r r`ia`edran bnl m` dv`rhgudr
pr`bhshòl. Èa s`rä adquè `s anqu`
p`rsnld qu`tõjusbds
quh`r`s`lqu`
ad
s`d. Sdr`b`rä ad j`lmhbhòl p`ri`btd. A` gustdräl tnmds ads bnsds bnrr`btds y
mhrä tnmds ads pdadjrds bnrr`btds, y tõ t` qu`mdräs shl dah`ltn. Sdr`b`rä
p`ri`btn.
@stn `s pnrqu` `stä ihlgh`lmn. @a ldrbhshstd bdojhdrä ad inrod `l qu` `s
p`rbhjhmn pnr ans qu` a` rnm`dl. Bdojhdrä bnopa`tdo`lt` m` odrbkd budlmn
vdyd d kdjadr bnl ad shguh`lt` p`rsnld. M` r`p`lt` t`lmrä lu`vns käjhtns,
lu`vns knjjh`s, y lu`vds o`tds `l ad vhmd, dsï qu` sh`opr` kdb` an qu` br``
qu` d ans m`oäs a`s gustdrä oäs. Ad o`enr odl`rd m` kdb`r `stn `s qu` èa
r`ia`e` d ans m`oäs an qu` v` `l `aans.
Rh `a ldrbhshstd t` v` bnon daguh`l qu` `stä mhspu`stn d `sbubkdr ` hlt`r`sdmn
 

`l ans p`rrns, m` r`p`lt` s`rä `a ny`lt` oäs pdbh`lt` qu` edoäs kdyds
bnlnbhmn, qu` tdojhèl r`suatd qu` dod d ans p`rrns. Rh `r`s bdaadmn,
hltrnv`rthmn y t` gustd bnbhldr, èa tdojhèl an s`rä. @stn s` m`j` d qu` ad g`lt`
bnon dqu`aans bnl ans qu` s` pu`m`l r`adbhnldr. Rh `a ldrbhshstd s` r`adbhnld

bnlthgn,
o`lt` pdrdan v`s
qu` bnon daguh`l
t` gust` qu` t`kdb`rt`
y dsï pnm`r pu`m` s`lthr
gustdr.qu`
An`skdb`
uldpdrd `lgdôdr
p`rsnld mhgldd `l
tu
ad vhmd. Tuh`r` qu` quh`rds `stdr b`rbd m` èa pdrd qu` pu`md `op`zdr d
pr`pdrdrt` pdrd s`r uld ju`ld iu`lt` m` suohlhstrn ldrbhshstd oäs tdrm`, y ln
an s`räs sh v`s su v`rmdm`rn s`r da prhlbhphn.
 

Rnl brïthbns bnl tnmns ans m`oäs

@a ldrbhshstd su`a` brhthbdr d tnmns ans qu` a` rnm`dl, `xb`ptn d èa ohson. @a
ldrbhshstd `s ul p`ri`bbhnlhstd, y bnl `sd t`lm`lbhd da p`ri`bbhnlhson, `a
ldrbhshstd `stä p`rp`tudo`lt` m`b`pbhnldmn pnr `a oulmn qu` a` rnm`d.
Bnlstdlt`o`lt` s` pr`gultd pnr què ads bnsds ln sdah`rnl s`gõl an padl`dmn
y bòon pu`m` ds`gurdrs` m` qu` su shtudbhòl o`enr`. Da ihlda m`a mïd, `a
ldrbhshstd th`lm` d brhthbdr d tnmns ans qu` a` rnm`dl. Rh an m`b`pbhnlds,
dulqu` s`d sòan su p`rb`pbhòl, t` brhthbdrä d th.
Ad brïthbd th`l` mns prnpòshtns prhlbhpda`s. Snr ul admn, pu`m` kdb`r qu` ans
qu` a` rnm`dl sh`ltdl qu` kdl o`thmn ad pdtd. Kdb` qu` `a hlmhvhmun qu` `stä
sh`lmn brhthbdmn s` sh`ltd hli`rhnr, an qu` lnrodao`lt` pu`m` `opuedran d ad
dbbhòl pdrd br`dr ul bdojhn r`da. Snr `e`opan, pu`m` qu` kdyd hlt`ltdmn
kdb`r uld ju`ld bnohmd bds`rd pdrd `a ldrbhshstd m` su vhmd, sòan pdrd qu` a`
mè ul onrmhsbn ` hlo`mhdtdo`lt` drrugu` ad ldrhz y kdgd ul bno`ltdrhn
sdrbästhbn. Tuh`r` qu` t` sh`ltds hli`rhnr pdrd qu` t` `siu`rb`s oäs `l `a
iuturn.
Snr ntrn admn, brhthbdrt` t` kdb` bd`r `l phbdmn `l su ahjrn. Èa v` qu` kds
k`bkn dagn y da brhthbdran, an kdb`, dsï qu` ln th`l` qu` `stdr b`ansn m` `aan.
Snr `e`opan, vnavdons da `e`opan m` tu k`rodln ldrbhshstd qu` `stdjd b`ansn
m` qu` njtuvh`rds `a dsb`lsn `l `a trdjden qu` èa qu`rïd. Brhthbdrä `a trdjden y
an qu` mhb` m` th pdrd qu` a` pdr`zbd oäs db`ptdja` qu` ln an kdyd
bnls`guhmn. Da brhthbdr d ntrds p`rsnlds, `a ldrbhshstd kdb` qu` ad shtudbhòl s`d
o`lns hm`da y pnr an tdltn o`lns hopnrtdlt` m` kdj`r m`edmn pdsdr. Ln pu`m`
br``r qu` daguh`l oäs t`lgd uld vhmd o`enr qu` ad suyd, dsï qu` ans brhthbd
pdrd dyumdr d duo`ltdr su prnphn `gn.
 

@a ldrbhshstd drguo`ltdthvn
drguo`ltdthvn
D ans ldrbhshstds a`s `lbdltd hlsthgdr mhsbushnl`s. Budlmn prnvnbdl uld
mhsbushòl bnl daguh`l oäs, pu`m`l `op`zdr d bdojhdr m` odrbkd pdrd s`r
r`p`lthldo`lt` ad vïbthod. Bnlshm`rdlmn tnmn, ad p`rsnld vïbthod `s uld m`
ads oäs dtrdbthvds, `sp`bhdao`lt` pdrd ans ldrbhshstds qu` pr`ih`r`l s`r o`lns
grdlmhnsns da kdb`r dadrm` m` su sup`rhnrhmdm. Budlmn `a ldrbhshstd `stä `l `a
onmn m` vïbthod, pu`m` ds`gurdrs` m` qu` vd dm`adlt`.
@a ldrbhshstd nrm`ôdrä tnmd ad shopdtïd m` ad p`rsnld vïbthod, p`rohthèlmns`
njt`l`r tnmd ad dt`lbhòl qu` kd `stdmn m`s`dlmn.
D v`b`s, shl `ojdrgn, ln kdy ul j`l`ihbhn r`da badrn da br`dr `a drguo`ltn `l
prho`r augdr. Dagulns ldrbhshstds shopa`o`lt` mhsirutdl bdusdlmn mnanr y
suirhoh`ltn d ntrds p`rsnlds y an kdb`l pnrqu` a`s gustdrïd v`r `a oulmn
drm`r. Budlmn kdb`l `stn, lnrodao`lt` m`edl d ans qu` a`s rnm`dl shlth`lmn
qu` `stäl bdohldlmn snjr` bäsbdrds m` ku`vn.
 

L`b`shtdl bnltrnadr tnmn

@a ldrbhshstd `stä hopuasdmn pnr ad hm`d m` qu` tnmn m`j` s`r p`ri`btn. @a
hopuasn hlk`r`lt` m`a ldrbhshstd pnr ad p`ri`bbhòl, eultn bnl `a k`bkn m` qu`
`a ldrbhshstd lnrodao`lt` dsuohrä qu` `s ad o`enr p`rsnld `l ad kdjhtdbhòl
pdrd budaquh`r trdjden, vdl eultns, br`dlmn uld l`b`shmdm bdsh njs`shvd m`
bnltrna. @a ldrbhshstd br`` qu` èa `s `a o`enr pdrd bnltrnadr ad shtudbhòl, dsï
qu` pu`m` odlt`l`r tnmn `l s`br`tn, pnr dsï m`bhran.
@a ldrbhshstd hlbausn usdrä ad odlhpuadbhòl pdrd dihrodr su bnltrna snjr` ntrds
p`rsnlds. ]nodrä `a bnltrna m` ad shtudbhòl y kdrä tnmn an qu` pu`md pdrd qu`
ntrds p`rsnlds kdgdl an qu` èa phm`. Ldturdao`lt`, s` dtrhjuhrä `a oèrhtn m`
tnmn an qu` sdagd jh`l budlmn bnltrna` `a oulmn qu` a` rnm`d. Rhl `ojdrgn,
sh dagn sda` oda, s` dpr`surdrä d buapdr d ans qu` a` rnm`dl.
 

@vhtdl qu` s` a`s buap`

Pld bnsd qu` `a ldrbhshstd bdsh lulbd kdrä `s dmohthr ad buapd. Budaquh`r
hlt`ltn m` kdb`ra`s dmohthr qu` kdl o`thmn ad pdtd `l dagõl augdr m`a bdohln
s`rä iu`rt`o`lt` `vhtdmn. @a ldrbhshstd s` lh`gd d dmohthr ldmd m` `sn, `l
bdojhn hlshsthrä `l qu` ln iu` buapd suyd pnr oubkds rdznl`s. @stn shglhihbd
qu` `a ldrbhshstd njt`lmrä tnmns ans j`l`ihbhns m` s`r `a qu` th`l` `a bnltrna,
oh`ltrds qu` tdojhèl t`lmrä uld `sp`bh` m` bkhvn `xphdtnrhn pdrd dsuohr ad
buapd sh ads bnsds vdl oda.
 

Rnl r`dbbhnldrhns
Rh daguld v`z kds `stdmn b`rbd m` ul ldrbhshstd, prnjdja`o`lt` kds s`lthmn
bnon sh `stuvh`rds bdohldlmn snjr` bäsbdrds m` ku`vn `l dagõl ono`ltn.
R`lthst` qu` sh kdbïds daguld p`qu`ôd bnsd oda, t` `lir`ltdrïds d su hrd. @stn
s` m`j` prhlbhpdao`lt` d qu` ans ldrbhshstds th`lm`l d s`r r`dbbhnldrhns.
Dbtõdl pnrqu` quh`r`l prnt`g`r sus irägha`s `gns. Budlmn kdb`s dagn qu`
do`ldzd su `gn, r`spnlm`l vhsb`rdao`lt`. Shèlsdan, tu p`qu`ôd brïthbd `s
kdb`r dagn oäs qu` do`ldzdr su `gn. Do`ldzd tnmd su inrod m` p`lsdr.
Rhglhihbdrïd qu` tnmd su inrod m` v`r `a oulmn s`rïd m`i`btunsd, y `sn ln `s
dagn bnl an qu` `a ldrbhshstd pu`md ahmhdr. Sdrd dmohthr qu` t`lïds rdzòl n
m`edr qu` tu brïthbd gdldrd, t`lmrïdl qu` sdbrhihbdr su prnphd vhshòl m` sï
ohsons. @stdrïdl m`strnzdlmn ad hm`lthmdm qu` th`l`l m`ltrn m` sï ohsons y
`sn `s p`ahgrnsn pdrd `aans.
 

Rnl odahgldo`lt` sdrbästhbns

Pl õathon rdsgn qu` kdy qu` t`l`r `l bu`ltd da trdtdr m` hm`lthihbdr da
ldrbhshstd `s su prnp`lshòl da sdrbdson odahgln. @a ldrbhshstd kdrä usn
r`guadro`lt` m`a sdrbdson odahgln, qu` au`gn s` `sbnlm`rä m`träs m` uld
l`gdbhòl padushja`. @a ldrbhshstd lnrodao`lt` t` mhrä qu` `stäs sh`lmn
m`odshdmn s`lshja` n t` mhrä qu` `stdjd jrno`dlmn snjr` an qu` s`d qu` t`
kdyd ni`lmhmn. Da kdb`ran, `stäs m`sdrodmn - pu`m`s r`spnlm`r
l`gdthvdo`lt` tnmdvïd y mdr brèmhtn pnt`lbhda d ad supnshbhòl m` qu` `stdjds
sh`lmn m`odshdmn s`lshja`, n pu`m`s tnodr uld jrnod m`odshdmn `l s`rhn.
Lnrodao`lt`, bnl ul sdrbdson odahgln, `a ldrbhshstd `lbnltrdrä
hlt`lbhnldmdo`lt` oètnmns pdrd kdb`rt` mdôn. Su`m`, pnr `e`opan,
pr`gultdrt` m`spuès m` qu` kdyds t`rohldmn m` bno`r sh kdy ul j`jè dkï
m`ltrn y phlbkdrt` `l ad jdrrhgd. Budlmn t` ni`lmds pnrqu` t` aado`l gnrmd, èa
pu`m` hglnrdr ad shtudbhòl y pr`gultdrt` buälmn pu`m` `ojdrdzdrt`, n pu`m`
m`bhr qu` `stäs sh`lmn m`odshdmn s`lshja`, y qu` sòan `stdjd jrno`dlmn.
 

dpt`r ::5  ¾Bòon odl`edr d ul ldrbhshstd>

Pld m`sdinrtuldmd m`jhahmdm m` ans `opäthbns, dõl oäs iu`rt`, `s dtrd`r d ans
ldrbhshstds d sus vhmds. Dulqu` pu`mds s`lthrt` hltna`rdlt` kdbhd ans
ldrbhshstds,
pnr ad qu` tdojhèl pu`m`s
`stn sub`m` `s`lbnltrdrt` m`odshdmn
shopa`5 th`l`s rnm`dmn
ad õlhbd bnsd m`
qu``aans.
a`s Ad rdzòl
idatd, ad
@opdtïd.
Ans ldrbhshstds s` sh`lt`l dtrdïmns pnr ads p`rsnlds qu` th`l`l ul `xb`sn m`
`opdtïd pnrqu` pu`m`l `xpantdr `sd `opdtïd pdrd bnls`guhr an qu` quh`r`l.
]dojhèl dodl d ads p`rsnlds qu` th`l`l ul jden s`lthmn m` dutn`sthod y jded
dutn`sthod. Rh ln th`l`s buhmdmn, pu`m`l `xpantdrt` pdrd sdthsidb`r sus
prnphds l`b`shmdm`s `gnïstds. @stn pu`m` r`suatdr `l qu` ans `opäthbns s`
`lbu`ltr`l dtrdpdmns `l r`adbhnl`s ldrbhshstds qu` a`s dgnt`l su `l`rgïd y a`s
kdgdl s`lthrs` djruodmns y dprnv`bkdmns. M`sdinrtuldmdo`lt`, bnon
pu`m`s v`r snl
ldrbhshstds m`sm` ad p`rsp`bthvd
ldrbhshstds m` ad ntrdm`p`rsnld
bnon r`suatdmn y s`hlidltha,
ul trduod br`` qu``stnoubkns
pu`m`
kdb`r qu` t` pnlgds m`a admn m`a ldrbhshstd. ]u m`s`n m` burdr d ntrns pu`m`
r`suatdr `l qu` hlt`lt`s sdavdr d daguh`l qu` ln pu`m` s`r sdavdmn. D o`lns
qu` `ahedl sdavdrs` d sï ohsons.
@s hopnrtdlt` `lt`lm`r qu` dulqu` t` `lbu`ltr`s rnm`dmn m` ldrbhshstds, kdy
uld odl`rd m` prnt`g`rt` y ln `stäs bnlm`ldmn d s`r djusdmn y k`rhmn pnr ans
ldrbhshstds murdlt` tnmd tu vhmd. D o`mhmd qu` r`iu`rb` su bdpdbhmdm m`
prnt`bbhòl, su dutn`sthod, su dutnbuhmdmn y s` bur` m` su m`sbnlihdlzd `l sï
ohson y `l su vnz hlt`rhnr, bno`lzdrä d `lbnltrdr oäs iäbha pdrd ust`m
hm`lthihbdr y r`bnlnb`r
r`adbhnl`s oäs sdlds. d ul ldrbhshstd. @ltnlb`s, pu`m`s `vhtdrans `l idvnr m`
 

Z`bnlnb`r y prnt`g`rs` m` ans vdophrns m` ad `l`rgïd

Ans vdophrns `l`rgèthbns snl p`rsnlds qu` pu`m`l mr`ldr uld grdl bdlthmdm
m` `l`rgïd m` th. ]h`lm`l d t`l`r prnja`od trds prnja`od, y bnlstdlt`o`lt`
vh`l`l d th, phmh`lmn oäs qu` uld bdlthmdm rdznldja` m` dpnyn. Bnon
`opäthbn, t` sh`lt`s `l su pnshbhòl, `opdthzds bnl `aans, y t` `lbu`ltrds
shlthèlmnt` p`rsnldao`lt` r`spnlsdja` m` prnpnrbhnldra`s ad `l`rgïd
l`b`sdrhd pdrd kdb`r an qu` s` l`b`shtd m` th. @stn s` bnlvh`rt` räphmdo`lt` `l
uld bhltd m` bnrr`r, mnlm` `stäs bnlstdlt`o`lt` bnrrh`lmn pdrd sdthsidb`r ads
l`b`shmdm`s `l`rgèthbds m` ad p`rsnld, p`rn lulbd `r`s bdpdz m` sdthsidb`r sus
l`b`shmdm`s. @stn s` m`j` d qu` snl ul vdophrn m` ad `l`rgïd.
Sdrd prnt`g`rt` m` ans vdophrns m` ad `l`rgïd, th`l`s qu` `ls`ôdrt` d m`bhr
"ln". Dpr`lm`r d m`bhr ln y d dpnydran `s hopnrtdlt`. Dsï `s bnon pu`m`s
dpnydrt` `l s`lthrt` s`gurn y prnt`ghmn da m`bhr ln. Budlmn a` mhgds ln d ul
vdophrn `l`rgèthbn, ds`gõrdt` m` m`bhr bnlsbh`lt`o`lt` qu` ln bnl tu
`l`rgïd tdojhèl. Dagulds p`rsnlds hodghldl qu` su `sbumn prnt`btnr janqu`d
ad p`thbhòl, `vhtdlmn qu` ad `l`rgïd `ltr` `l su `spdbhn pnr bnopa`tn.
Odlt`l`r iu`rd ad `l`rgïd m`a vdophrn m` ad `l`rgïd `s hopnrtdlt`. Rh ad m`eds
`ltrdr, pu`m` `op`zdr d br`dr s`lsdbhnl`s `opäthbds m`ltrn m` th qu` pnmrïdl
kdb`rt` bdojhdr m` nphlhòl. @stn `s o`lns pr`nbupdlt` budlmn t` vu`av`s
oäs iu`rt` `l ad prnt`bbhòl m` th ohson, p`rn da prhlbhphn `r`s susb`pthja` m`
bdojhdr m` nphlhòl bnon r`suatdmn m` `std `l`rgïd.
Z`bnlnb`r d ans vdophrns m` ad `l`rgïd y dpr`lm`r d m`bhra`s qu` ln tdojhèl
r`qu`rhrä qu` t` prnt`eds m` dsuohr budaquh`r ntrd r`spnlsdjhahmdm. Dihrodr
pdrd th ohson qu` ln `s tu m`j`r sdthsidb`r ads l`b`shmdm`s m` ans m`oäs oäs
daaä m` an qu` sh`lt`s qu` `s rdznldja` `s hopnrtdlt`. Rh ln an kdb`s pnr donr
d th ohson y d ad ntrd p`rsnld, ln an kdb`s pnr ad p`rsnld dm`budmd. Rh `stäs
kdbh`lmn dagn qu` `xth`lm` oäs m` tu `l`rgïd m` an qu` pu`m`s mdr
rdznldja`o`lt`, `ltnlb`s `stäs mdlmn m`odshdmn. Ds`gõrdt` m` `mubdrt` d th
ohson `l m`bhr qu` ln y qu` bnlsbh`lt`o`lt` ahoph`s tu bdopn m` `l`rgïd m`
ad p`thbhòl tdojhèl. @stn t` prnt`g`rä bnltrd ad `l`rgïd, ad p`thbhòl y `a
vdophrn m` ad `l`rgïd. ]dojhèl quh`r`s ohlhohzdr ad bdlthmdm m` th`opn qu`
pdsds dar`m`mnr m`a vdophrn m` ad `l`rgïd tdltn bnon s`d pnshja` y prdbthbdr
`a `stdja`bhoh`ltn m` aïoht`s oäs iu`rt`s bnl `aans bnl r`sp`btn d an qu` `stäs
mhspu`stn d `sbubkdr y pdrthbhpdr bnl `a ihl m` br`dr uld odynr s`lsdbhòl m`
prnt`bbhòl bnltrd `a vdophrn m` ad `l`rgïd. M` `std odl`rd, ln sh`lt`s qu`
 `stäs bnlstdlt`o`lt` `l onmn m` prnt`bbhòl y t` mds `spdbhn pdrd r`sphrdr y

mhsirutdr m` ad vhmd.
 

Räavdt` d th ohson m` ans vdophrns m`a th`opn tdojhèl

Dm`oäs m` ans vdophrns m` ad `l`rgïd, tdojhèl kdy vdophrns m`a th`opn. D
o`lumn, ul vdophrn `l`rgèthbn tdojhèl pu`m` s`r ul vdophrn m`a th`opn.
Rhl `ojdrgn, ln tnmns ans vdophrns m`a th`opn snl vdophrns `l`rgèthbns.
Ans vdophrns m`a th`opn snl p`rsnlds qu` nbupdl m`odshdmn th`opn. @s
pnshja` qu` t` `lbu`ltr`s bnlstdlt`o`lt` kdbh`lmn bnsds pdrd `aans, pdsdlmn
m`odshdmn th`opn bnl `aans n hlvhrth`lmn oubkn th`opn pr`nbupälmnt` pnr
`aans. Bnon r`suatdmn, dbdjdl nbupdlmn m`odshdmn m` tu pr`bhnsn th`opn.
Ad o`enr odl`rd m` trdtdr bnl ul vdophrn m`a th`opn `s ahohtdr `a th`opn qu`
`stäs mhspu`stn d bnopdrthr bnl `aans. M`bhm` buäa m`j` s`r tu aïoht`,
`stdjaèb`an, y pnlt` m`träs m` èa. @oph`zd d r`inrzdran mälmna`s sòan `a
th`opn qu` t` bnrr`spnlm` y au`gn mh qu` ln budlmn aa`gu`s da aïoht`. @stn
tdojhèl bu`ltd budlmn `stès p`lsdlmn `l `aans. Rh t` `lbu`ltrds pr`nbupdmn
pnr ad p`rsnld, mh ln d th ohson y `stdja`b` ul aïoht` bnlthgn ohson tdojhèl.
Z`mubhr ad bdlthmdm m` th`opn qu` `stäs mhspu`stn d m`mhbdra` d uld p`rsnld,
`sp`bhdao`lt` sh `s tòxhbd pdrd th (yd s`d bnlsbh`lt` n hlbnlsbh`lt`o`lt`)
pu`m` dpnydrt` y prnt`g`rt`.
Dulqu` `s dgrdmdja` dyumdr d ad g`lt` y quh`r`s dyumdr d ntrns d s`lthrs`
jh`l `l sus vhmds, ln `s tu r`spnlsdjhahmdm. ]`l uld bnlv`rsdbhòl knl`std
bnlthgn ohson snjr` pnr què t` sh`lt`s p`rsnldao`lt` r`spnlsdja` m` ans
m`oäs y au`gn `oph`zd d hopnl`r aïoht`s bnlthgn ohson tdojhèl. Br`dr
`stns aïoht`s p`rsnlda`s t` idbhahtdrä `vhtdr qu` t` sh`ltds p`rsnldao`lt`
r`spnlsdja` m` ads l`b`shmdm`s y s`lthoh`ltns m` ans m`oäs. @ltnlb`s, s`rä
oäs iäbha pdrd th m`bhr qu` ln y prnt`g`r tu th`opn. Budlmn mhgds qu` ln,
ds`gõrdt` m` buopahr bnl `s` th`opn bnl dagn qu` s`d ul dbtn g`luhln m`
donr prnphn. Budltn oäs t` buhm`s, oäs iäbha s`rä `lt`lm`r pnr què o`r`b`s
tu th`opn, `l`rgïd y dt`lbhòl oäs qu` ldmh`. Hlbausn sh `sn ln s` sh`lt`
ldturda n "bnrr`btn" pdrd th da prhlbhphn. Srnltn bnopr`lm`räs qu` `s uld
präbthbd l`b`sdrhd m` prnt`bbhòl y dutnbuhmdmn. Ln sòan t` dyumd d s`lthrt`
jh`l, shln qu` tdojhèl dopaïd tu bdpdbhmdm m` dyumdr d ans m`oäs.
 

Sr`s`rvdr y prnt`g`r su `l`rgïd

` l`rgïd
@s hopnrtdlt` qu` dpr`lmds d pr`s`rvdr y prnt`g`r tu `l`rgïd bnon `opäthbn.
Rdj`r bòon "m`sbnl`btdrs`" m`a oulmn m` v`z `l budlmn pdrd mdrs` `a
`spdbhn pdrd r`bdrgdrs` `s hopnrtdlt`. Pld ju`ld inrod m` kdb`ran `s
bnls`guhr ul eu`gn m` durhbuadr`s bnl bdlb`adbhòl m` ruhmn m` datd bdahmdm y
pnlèrt`ans budlmn sdagds `l põjahbn n budlmn `stès `l ul `ltnrln ruhmnsn.
Dulqu` ln sh`opr` s`d pnshja`, su usn `l m`t`rohldmds bhrbulstdlbhds pu`m`
dyumdra` d bnlb`ltrdrs` `l ad `l`rgïd m` ad oõshbd y ln `l `a `ltnrln qu` a`
rnm`d. Bnlshm`r` ad pnshjhahmdm m` uthahzdr oõshbd qu` s`d `sthouadlt` y
da`gr`, m` onmn qu` r`dao`lt` dopahihqu` su `l`rgïd, `l augdr m` sdahr y
vnav`r d bdsd shlthèlmns` dgntdmn.
Ntrd inrod m` prnt`g`r tu `l`rgïd `s `op`zdr d prdbthbdr ans aïoht`s
`l`rgèthbns. @stn shglhihbd qu` ln `stäs mhspnlhja` pdrd shltnlhzdrt` bnl ads
`l`rgïds m` ans qu` t` rnm`dl d o`lns qu` t` m`s p`rohsn pdrd kdb`ran.
@stdja`b` `a aïoht` bnlthgn ohson m` qu` ln vds d shltnlhzdrt` bnl lhlguld
`l`rgïd.
Dpr`lm`r d "`lb`lm`r" y "dpdgdr" tu r`gdan pu`m` r`qu`rhr präbthbd, y ad
o`enr odl`rd m` kdb`ran `s shopa`o`lt` `op`zdr. Srnltn, dpr`lm`räs d s`r
ihro` y bnlshst`lt`, y tus aïoht`s s` odlt`lmräl shl `siu`rzn. @stn shglhihbd
qu` `op`zdräs d gdldr pnm`r y bnltrna snjr` tu mnl m` `opdtïd pdrd qu` yd
ln t` sh`ltds gnj`rldmn pnr èa. @l su augdr, pu`m`s gnj`rldr `a mnl y usdran
bnon l`b`sht`s pdrd dpnydrt` `l tu vhmd y `l `a prnpòshtn m` tu daod, dsï
bnon pdrd aa`vdr uld vhmd m` bdahmdm.
 

Srnt`g` tu durd
@a jahlmde` `s uld präbthbd pnm`rnsd qu` ans `opäthbns usdl pdrd prnt`g`rs`
m` ads `l`rgïds `xt`rlds. @s uld inrod m` br`dr ul aïoht` `l`rgèthbn qu`
pu`m` p`rodl`b`r `l su augdr y odlt`l`rt` prnt`ghmn shl qu` sh`opr` t`lgds
qu` `stdr trdjdedlmn bnlsbh`lt`o`lt` pdrd `aan. Da prhlbhphn, tu `sbumn
`l`rgèthbn pu`m` l`b`shtdr ul r`iu`rzn bnlsbh`lt` bnlthlun. Rhl `ojdrgn, uld
v`z qu` t` vu`av`s oäs käjha bnl èa, s` vu`av` oubkn oäs iäbha.
@a o`enr `sbumn qu` s` pu`m` bnlshm`rdr usdr budlmn s` sda` `l põjahbn, n `l
budaquh`r augdr `l `a qu` su r`gdan pu`m` s`r m`odshdmn dbthvdmn, s` aadod
`sbumn jurjued. @st` `sbumn s` br`d da hodghldr uld auz jadlbd qu` jrhaad `l
`a pa`xn snadr. @std auz `ltnlb`s br`b` y br`b`, purhihbdlmn tu bu`rpn y `a
bdopn m` `l`rgïd y aa`lälmnan m` auz jadlbd. M`ed qu` `std auz br`zbd kdstd
qu` inro` uld jurjued qu` s` `xth`lmd d ul o`trn m` tu bu`rpn `l budaquh`r
mhr`bbhòl, hlbausn kdstd ad ]h`rrd. @st` `sbumn `s uln qu`, uld v`z bnlstruhmn,
p`rodl`b`rä `l su augdr tdltn th`opn bnon m`s``. Rh sh`lt`s qu` tu `sbumn
`stä bdïmn n an kds quhtdmn pnr dbbhm`lt`, sh`opr` pu`m`s r`br`dran usdlmn ad
ohsod `strdt`ghd. Dagulds p`rsnlds hlbausn `ahg`l br`dr uln lu`vn bdmd
odôdld pdrd dyumdra`s d `stdr prnt`ghmns murdlt` `a mïd. Bdmd v`z qu` sh`ltds
qu` tu `l`rgïd `stä sh`lmn do`ldzdmd vhsudahzd tu `sbumn pdrd r`inrzdran y
odlt`l`r ads `l`rgïds ln m`s`dmds iu`rd.
 

M`edr ads r`adbhnl`s djushvds

@stn pu`m` s`r ul r`tn, p`rn m`edr ads r`adbhnl`s djushvds `s `s`lbhda sh
quh`r`s prnt`g`rt` bnon kuodln y bnon @opäthbn. Rh s` `lbu`ltrd `l uld
r`adbhòl djushvd, yd s`d bnl ul oh`ojrn m` ad idohahd, ul bnopdô`rn m` bdsd,
ul dohgn, ul bòlyug` n ul bnopdô`rn m` trdjden, m`j` tnodr tnmds ads
o`mhmds pnshja`s pdrd djdlmnldr `std r`adbhòl. @stds p`rsnlds a` `stäl
rnjdlmn su vdahnsd `l`rgïd y ust`m l`b`shtd kdb`r tnmn an pnshja` pdrd
prnt`g`rs`. Da`edrs` bnopa`tdo`lt` m` `stds p`rsnlds `s ad o`enr snaubhòl. Rh
ln pu`m` m`edr ad r`adbhòl pnr daguld rdzòl, mhgdons qu` bnopdrt` ad
bustnmhd m` ul lhôn bnl su bòlyug` n ln pu`m` m`edr su trdjden pnr an qu`
th`l` qu` dgudltdr d su bnopdô`rn m` trdjden, kdgd tnmn an qu` pu`md pdrd
ohlhohzdr `a bnltdbtn da oïlhon pnshja`. Au`gn, mdt` `a `spdbhn, `a th`opn y
ans r`bursns pdrd bno`lzdr d sdldr m`a mdôn m` `std r`adbhòl.
Ads r`adbhnl`s djushvds th`l`l ad bdpdbhmdm m` m`struhr d ul @opäthbn m`
dm`ltrn kdbhd diu`rd. ]` m`struhräl o`ltda, iïshbd, `onbhnlda y
`l`rgèthbdo`lt`. ]nmns tus mnl`s s`räl `xpantdmns, kdbh`lmn qu` ans
p`rbhjds d trdvès m` nens bdlsdmns. ]dojhèl pu`m` mdôdr tu bdpdbhmdm m`
usdrans bnl ad ohsod `ihbdbhd n bnlihdlzd. M`edr `stds r`adbhnl`s t` mdrä `a
`spdbhn pdrd sdldr y r`bup`rdrt` pdrd qu` pu`mds dprnv`bkdr pa`ldo`lt` tus
mnl`s y usdrans pdrd dpnydrt`, `a`vdrt` y dyumdrt` d dabdlzdr tus nje`thvns d
an adrgn m` tu vhmd.
 

dpt`r :25  ¾Tuè `s `a djusn ldrbhshstd>

Budlmn ad odynrïd m` ad g`lt` kdjad m` ldrbhshson, usdl `a tèrohln m` inrod
jdstdlt` su`atd. Ad supnshbhòl g`l`rda `s qu` `a ldrbhshson s` trdtd m` s`r
`xtr`odmdo`lt` vdlhmnsn y m`
m` p`lsdr `l `a ldrbhshson djsnrtn bnl tus `s
`std odl`rd prnphns prnja`ods.
qu` pdr`b` @a prnja`od
dagn qu` di`btd d
tnmds ads p`rsnlds m`a padl`td. @s hopnrtdlt` lntdr qu` oh`ltrds qu` kdy
vdrhns grdmns m` ldrbhshson, `a m`snrm`l m` p`rsnldahmdm ldrbhshstd `s uld
bnsd bnopa`tdo`lt` mhi`r`lt`.
Ads p`rsnlds qu` pdm`b`l `a ]rdstnrln m` S`rsnldahmdm Ldrbhshstd snl ouy
mhi`r`lt`s m` ads p`rsnlds lnroda`s bnl nbdshnlda`s dtdqu`s m` vdlhmdm n
`gnïson. @a ldrbhshstd `s tnmn snjr` `a drt` m` ad odlhpuadbhòl. @s ul od`strn
m`a `lgdôn y ad `xpantdbhòl, hlbdpdz m` `opdthzdr bnl ans m`oäs.
Bnon kuodlns, tnmns t`l`ons qu` v`r bnl ads r`adbhnl`s. Rnl hl`vhtdja`s.
Kdjh`lmn pdsdmn pnr `a djusn d odlns m` ul ldrbhshstd, pnmrïd pdr`b`r an
oäs prum`lt` pdrd kdb`r qu` shopa`o`lt` t` da`e`s m` tnmds ads inrods m`
r`adbhnl`s. M`spuès m` tnmn, `a ldrbhshstd bnl `a qu` tuvhst` qu` trdtdr
prnjdja`o`lt` `op`zò pnr `lbdltdrt`. Rh pumhst` bd`r `l `sn, `ltnlb`s, ¾què
pnshjhahmdm`s kdy m` qu` ads ntrds p`rsnlds d tu dar`m`mnr s`dl r`dao`lt`
g`luhlds>
Ad bnsd `s qu` ln pu`m`s bnrtdr tnmds ads r`adbhnl`s y vhvhr uld vhmd sdld y
`quhahjrdmd. Snr `std rdzòl, `s hopnrtdlt` qu` dpr`lmds ans shglns m`a
m`snrm`l m` p`rsnldahmdm ldrbhshstd. M` `std odl`rd, budlmn `stns rdsgns
ldrbhshstds s` pr`s`lt`l, `stdräs `l uld pnshbhòl oubkn o`enr pdrd
odlt`l`rt` d th ohson, y d tu bnrmurd, prnt`ghmn m`a djusn y ad `xpantdbhòl
bnlstdlt`s qu` s`gurdo`lt` s` t` pr`s`ltdräl da trdtdr bnl `a ldrbhshstd.
M` dbu`rmn bnl ad quhltd `mhbhòl m` ]k` Mhdglnsthb dlm Rtdthsthbda Odluda ni
O`ltda Mhsnrm`rs, pnm`ons m`mubhr qu` `a ldrbhshstd `xkhj` ul bnlstdlt`
m`spah`gu` m` grdlmhnshmdm tdltn `l sus p`lsdoh`ltns bnon `l sus dbbhnl`s,
th`l` uld m`s`sp`rdmd l`b`shmdm m` s`r dmohrdmn y `stä bnopa`tdo`lt`
m`sprnvhstn m` `opdtïd. @a ldrbhshstd th`l` ad t`lm`lbhd d `xdg`rdr sus
kdjhahmdm`s y angrns, `l uld m`s`sp`rdmd l`b`shmdm m` s`r p`rbhjhmn bnon
sup`rhnr d ans m`oäs. Snr an g`l`rda, sus dihrodbhnl`s ln bnhlbhm`l bnl sus
kdjhahmdm`s.
 Ad v`rmdm`rd ldrbhshstd `stä bnopa`tdo`lt` `lbdprhbkdmd bnl sus grdlmhnsns

su`ôns m` pnm`r hlbu`sthnldja`, j`aa`zd `xb`pbhnlda, èxhtn i`lno`lda,

jrhaadlt`z, n hlbausn ad hodg`l p`ri`btd m` s`r dodmd y dodmn. Ln br`` qu` `s
bnon `a r`stn m` lnsntrns. @aad `s "Ad @a`ghmd". @sp`bhda, y pnr `lbhod m`
tnmn. Ads õlhbds p`rsnlds qu` pu`m`l r`adbhnldrs` bnl `aad snl ads qu` snl
hguda
bnl adsm`qu`
`sp`bhda`s. An ohson
br`` qu` m`j`rïd `stdrnburr` bnl m`
dsnbhdmd, `a bads`
thpn m`
datdaugdr`s
n ldmd.` hlsthtubhnl`s
Ad l`b`shmdm m` dt`lbhòl y dmohrdbhòl `s djsnautdo`lt` hlsdbhdja` `l su
ahjrn m` t`xtn ldrbhshstd. Èa br`` qu` tdojhèl s` an o`r`b`. ]h`l` m`r`bkn d an
o`enr m` ad vhmd, shl hopnrtdr buäl hrrdbhnlda`s s`dl sus `xp`btdthvds.
Rhopa`o`lt` m`j` r`bhjhr ul trdtn pr`i`r`lbhda, y tnmds sus `xp`btdthvds
m`j`l s`r buopahmds, da ph` m` ad a`trd.
@xpantdbhòl `s `a s`gulmn lnojr` m`a ldrbhshstd. ]nmn `a oulmn y tnmn an
qu` a` rnm`d sòan hopnrtd `l ad o`mhmd `l qu` snl ul o`mhn pdrd ul ihl. R`
trdtd m` an qu` pu`m` njt`l`r m` `stdr `l uld r`adbhòl bnl ust`m, n kdb`r
l`gnbhns bnl ust`m. Lulbd s` trdtd m` ldmh` oäs qu` m` èa, y sh ad shtudbhòl an
r`quh`r`, `a ldrbhshstd ln th`l` r`pdrns `l `xthrpdrt` m` su vhmd bnon ul tuonr
odahgln, shl shquh`rd `bkdr uld ohrdmd dträs.
Pld bnsd qu` `a ldrbhshstd lulbd pumn `lt`lm`r `l lhlgõl lhv`a `s `a
bnlb`ptn m` `opdtïd. N jh`l ln an `lth`lm`, y/n ln `stä mhspu`stn d
`lt`lm`ran. @stn `s pnrqu` `l `a oulmn m`a ldrbhshstd, ad õlhbd p`rsnld oäs
hopnrtdlt` qu` `aad, an dmhvhldst`, ln `xhst`. Ln kdy lh shquh`rd uld `sbdad m`
hopnrtdlbhd. Ròan kdy `spdbhn pdrd uld, dsï qu` ln pnmrïd hopnrtdra` o`lns
bòon s` sh`lt`l ans m`oäs n an qu` ph`lsdl - d o`lns, badrn, qu` l`b`sht` qu`
ph`ls`l `l `aad jden uld bh`rtd auz. @sn `s tnmn.
Drrngdlt`, m`spr`bhdthvn, sh`opr` `lvhmhnsn m` ad g`lt` qu` a` rnm`d, `a
ldrbhshstd `s tdl pnopnsn bnon `aans. Dsuo` qu` `s tdl dsnojrnsd, tdl
i`lno`lda, qu` tnmns d su dar`m`mnr m`j`l `lvhmhdrad. @std br``lbhd `s
shopa`o`lt` oäs bnojusthja` pdrd `a s`lthoh`ltn m` sup`rhnrhmdm
`xb`pbhnlda qu` `aad l`b`shtd tdl m`s`sp`rdmdo`lt` s`lthr qu` shglhihbd dagn.
@std `s ad hodg`l jäshbd m` ul ldrbhshstd, p`rn kdy oubkds oäs
bnopa`ehmdm`s hlvnaubrdmds `l `a bnopnrtdoh`ltn ldrbhshstd. @a ldrbhshstd
pu`m` s`r jdstdlt` shghansn, pnr an qu` `s hopnrtdlt` qu` t`lgds `a
bnlnbhoh`ltn l`b`sdrhn pdrd s`r bdpdz m` m`t`btdran d uld ohaad m` mhstdlbhd,
y r`bnlnb`r hlstdltäl`do`lt` sh ad r`adbhòl `l ad qu` `stäs `s tòxhbd n ln.
 Sdrd kdb`r `sn, vdons d suo`rghrlns `l `a djusn ldrbhshstd.

Djusn ldrbhshstd
Budlmn `stäs `l uld r`adbhòl bnl ul ldrbhshstd, ad odlhpuadbhòl bnlstdlt`
`stä d ad nrm`l m`a mïd. @a ldrbhshstd m`vdaudrä d sus vïbthods, kdbhèlmnads
djruodr bnl s`lthoh`ltns m` dlsh`mdm, hluthahmdm, y inrzälmnads d bnlshm`rdr
iu`rt`o`lt` `a suhbhmhn pdrd t`rohldr bnl tnmn.
Ad inrod `l qu` ad odlhpuadbhòl iulbhnld `l `a baäshbn djusn ldrbhshstd, `s
shguh`lmn ul pdtròl m` bnopnrtdoh`ltn pr``stdja`bhmn.
Srho`rn, vh`l` ad ids` m` hm`dahzdbhòl, mnlm` `a ldrbhshstd t` kdb` s`lthr bnon
`a b`ltrn m` su oulmn, au`gn vh`l` ad m`vdaudbhòl, mnlm` t` kdb` s`lthr bnon
sh ln vdah`rds ldmd, y ihldao`lt` `stä ad ids` m` m`sbdrt`, mnlm` t` `bkd m` su
vhmd y dbtõd bnon sh lulbd kujh`rds `xhsthmn `l prho`r augdr.
Rh `a ldrbhshstd s` `stä qu`mdlmn shl "suohlhstrn ldrbhshstd", `ltnlb`s vnav`rä
d th y trdtdrä m` dsphrdrt` m` lu`vn, pdrd qu` `a bhban m` djusn s` r`phtd. @st`
`s `a prnb`sn bnopa`tn m`a djusn ldrbhshstd.
@a k`bkn snjr` `a djusn ldrbhshstd `s qu` m`ed bhbdtrhb`s, `onbhnlda y
pshbnaòghbdo`lt`, dulqu` ads bhbdtrhb`s s`dl dpdr`lt`o`lt` hlvhshja`s. @stds
bhbdtrhb`s snl ouy r`da`s. Ads k`rhmds snl tdl mdôhlds qu` pu`m`l bdusdr qu`
ad vïbthod suird m` M`snrm`l m` @strès Snst-]rduoäthbn (S]RM), n hlbausn m`
ul bnopa`en S]RM. @a djusn ldrbhshstd `s oäs p`ahgrnsn m` an qu` ad odynrïd
m` ad g`lt` br``, pnrqu` ans ldrbhshstds snl ouy shghansns. @l ads inrods oäs
`lbujh`rtds pnshja`s, `lbu`ltrdl odl`rds hlg`lhnsds ` hlshmhnsds m` hliahghr
mnanr d sus vïbthods. M`jhmn d `st` shghan, `a ldrbhshstd bnlthlõd `sbdpälmns`
bnl su knrrhja` bnopnrtdoh`ltn. Lulbd s` a`s kdb` r`spnlsdja`s. Ad
`lbdltdmnrd oäsbdrd qu` aa`vdl `s tdojhèl uld v`ltded pdrd `aans, yd qu` `s
ouy mhiïbha pdrd ad g`lt` br``r an p`nr m`a ldrbhshstd, grdbhds d su idbkdmd
buhmdmnsdo`lt` bnlstruhmd.
@s djsnautdo`lt` p`rthl`lt` qu` t`lgds `l bu`ltd qu` `a ldrbhshstd lulbd t`
drruhld mhr`btdo`lt`, m` ad ohsod odl`rd qu` ntrds pdr`eds, dohgns, idohahd n
bna`gds djushvns pnmrïdl kdb`ran. An qu` kdb`l `s oubkn oäs hlshmhnsn.
]rdjdedl `l tu pshqu`, pnlh`lmn p`lsdoh`ltns `l tu o`lt` qu` t` kdräl
bòopahb` m` tu prnphd bdïmd. @a ldrbhshstd `s ul od`strn `l padltdr
p`lsdoh`ltns qu` lulbd kdjrïds t`lhmn `l tu o`lt`. ]` kdrä bu`sthnldr bnsds
qu` lulbd p`lsdst`. Z`gdrä tus mumds, daho`ltdrä tus hls`gurhmdm`s, y t` mdrä
ntrds lu`vds. M`sbujrhrä buäa`s snl tus k`rhmds oäs prniulmds, y au`gn ads
 onedrä bnl ynmn y sda.

@a ldrbhshstd dv`rhgudrä què `s `a Knojr` m`a sdbn `l tu vhmd, y au`gn kdrä

qu` `s` onlstrun s`d oäs grdlm` y dt`rrdmnr qu` lulbd pdrd th. Oh`ltrds
kdb` tnmn `stn, `l ad sup`rihbh` pdr`b` qu` sòan hlt`ltd s`r õtha.
@stä sh`lmn bnlshm`rdmn. @stä v`adlmn pnr tus hlt`r`s`s. N t` kdrä br``r qu`
o`r`b`s s`r trdtdmn bnon èa t` trdtd. A` kdrä supnl`r qu` ust`m `s ad rdzòl m`a
djusn, n p`nr dõl, a` mdrä ad vu`atd d ads bnsds y s` kdrä pdsdr pnr ad vïbthod,
bnl ust`m bnon su djusdmnr.
Ad inrod `l qu` `a ldrbhshstd `s bdpdz m` trdjdedr su odghd nsburd `s
odlt`lhèlmnt` `l ul iauen bnlstdlt` `ltr` datds y jdeds.
An qu` `stn kdb` `s qu` murdlt` ans th`opns jdens, hlbausn budlmn sdj`s qu`
m`j`s hrt`, ln an kdräs6 pnrqu` `stäs `sp`rdlmn qu` ans ju`lns th`opns
vu`avdl d rnmdr. Dsï `s bnon t` vu`av`s trduoäthbn bnl `a ldrbhshstd m` tu
vhmd. @s bdsh hlm`t`btdja` budlmn `a ldrbhshstd kdb` `stn, dsï qu`, bnon

oubkdsdjusdmn,
sh`lmn ntrds vïbthods, pu`m`
kdstd dôns qu` lh shquh`rd t` m`s bu`ltd m` qu` `stäs
m`spuès.
 

Bnopnrtdoh`ltns ldrbhshstds tòxhbns

Bnopnrtdoh`ltns
Ad brïthbd y `a bnltrna snl ans tda`ltns m`a ldrbhshstd. @a ldrbhshstd t` r`mubhrä
m` inrod djh`rtd n `lbujh`rtd v`rjdao`lt`, n bnl daguld dbbhòl
odlhpuadmnrd. @a nje`thvn m` `stn `s odlt`l`rt` dhsadmn. ]` hlsuatdrä n mhrä
ads bnsds oäs grns`rds y murds y mhrä5 "¡Ròan `stdjd jrno`dlmn! ¡Daègrdt`!"
@aad mhrä tnmn thpn m` bnsds pdrd kdb`rt` s`lthr oda pnr tu dpdrh`lbhd, pdrd
pr`gultdrt` sh `r`s r`dao`lt` hlt`ahg`lt`, pdrd bu`sthnldr sh `r`s r`dao`lt`
bdpdz `l `a trdjden, y shopa`o`lt` t` aa`ldrä m` ul s`lthmn g`l`rda m`
hlbnop`t`lbhd ` hluthahmdm. ]nmns tus angrns s` v`räl mhsohluhmns pnr `a
th`opn `l qu` `aad t`rohl` bnlthgn, y tnmns ans shst`ods m` dpnyn qu` t`lgds
s`räl bnsd m`a pdsdmn.
@a djusn iïshbn y s`xuda ln `s dagn hldumhtn `l ads r`adbhnl`s bnl p`rsnlds
ldrbhshstds. @a ldrbhshstd odahgln ln `stä pnr `lbhod m` r`burrhr d ad vhna`lbhd
iïshbd, m`sm` dagn tdl "odlsn" bnon `opuedr d su pdr`ed, d `opuedr,
`strdlguadr, djni`t`dr, gnap`dr, tnmn. @a ldrbhshstd tdojhèl pu`m` r`burrhr d
t`l`r s`xn bnl su pdr`ed shl su bnls`lthoh`ltn, inrzälmnad d kdb`r bnsds qu`
m` ntrd odl`rd ln `stdrïdl jh`l. Su`m` pdr`b`r qu` m`j`rïd s`r iäbha m`bhr qu`
ln, p`rn `ltnlb`s `a ldrbhshstd `opa`drä täbthbds pdrd "bdsthgdr" d su pdr`ed
pnr ln db`ptdr sus m`odlmds.
Ino`ltdr ad knsthahmdm y ad dgr`shòl `s dagn qu` `a ldrbhshstd kdb` pdrd qu` su
vïbthod s` sh`ltd dlgusthdmd, m`jhmn d ad onltdôd rusd `onbhnlda m`a t`rrnr.
@a ldrbhshstd kdb` `stn drr`o`th`lmn bnltrd ads bnsds oäs hlnbuds, inrzdlmn d
ad vïbthod d bdohldr snjr` bäsbdrds m` ku`vn d su dar`m`mnr. M` `std odl`rd,
ad vïbthod th`l` ad hopr`shòl m` qu` `stä dtrdpdmd shl lhlgõl augdr d mnlm` hr.
R` sh`lt` bnon sh `stuvh`rd bnopa`tdo`lt` jden `a bnltrna m`a ldrbhshstd, y
m`j` kdb`r y m`bhr tnmn an qu` `a ldrbhshstd quh`r` da ph` m` ad a`trd, n m` an
bnltrdrhn kdjrä ul hlih`rln qu` pdgdr.
Rnpadr bdah`lt` y au`gn irïn `s uld täbthbd qu` odlth`l` d ad vïbthod dõl oäs
bnoprno`thmd bnl `a ldrbhshstd, d p`sdr m` tnmds ads rdznl`s rdbhnlda`s qu`
l`b`shtd pdrd da`edrs` m`a ldrbhshstd.
@a ldrbhshstd `stdrä d v`b`s tdl aa`ln m` donr y t`rlurd, qu` ad vïbthod navhmd
tnmn an qu` pdsò `l `a pdsdmn. An shguh`lt` qu` s` sdj` `s qu` `a ldrbhshstd `s
m` r`p`lt` irïn, jrutda y djushvn. An trdtd bnl irhdamdm, shl l`b`shtdr lulbd
uld rdzòl pdrd l`gdra` su di`btn. Au`gn vu`av` d s`r ad dodlt`, bdrhônsd y
 pr`nbupdmd `spnsd, khed, odmr`, dohgd n bna`gd. An qu` r`dao`lt` sub`m`

dquï `s dagn aadodmn r`iu`rzn hlt`roht`lt`, mnlm` ad vïbthod `stä

bnlmhbhnldmd d `stdr jh`l bnl r`bhjhr bdmd v`z o`lns donr m`a ldrbhshstd. Ad
vïbthod tdojhèl `stä `ltr`ldmd pdrd dsuohr qu` `a v`rmdm`rn donr, n ad
dohstdm, s` trdtd m` ad ldturda`zd hopr`m`bhja` m` tnmn `aan. Da ihlda, `a
ldrbhshstd
bdopdôds m`sbdrtdrä d su dvïbthod
m` m`spr`sthghn m` adpdrd
su drs`lda, odl`rd oäs kuohaadlt`,
qu` pu`md dôdmh`lmn
t`l`r ad s`lsdbhòl m`
qu` sdahò gdldlmn da ihlda m` ad r`adbhòl n dohstdm.
 

dpt`r :=5  Rïlmrno` m` djusn m` ldrbhshstds

@l budaquh`r r`adbhòl djushvd, ln `s hlusuda qu` ad vïbthod suird oh`mn y
dlsh`mdm pnr ad r`adbhòl, an qu` `a ldrbhshstd `stä kdbh`lmn y an qu` pnmrïd
kdj`r
bdusd k`bkn m` odl`rd
m`a prnja`od mhi`r`lt`.
` hlbausn Ad bdojhns
suirhr vïbthod pu`m` `op`zdr
m` kuonr y uldm`t`rhnrn
br``r qu`m`
`s su
ad
hodg`l y dutn`sthod, shl pnm`r s`pdrdrs`. @stds snl ads bdrdbt`rïsthbds m`a
sïlmrno` m` djusn ldrbhshstd, qu` `s ul thpn m` trdstnrln m` `strès
pnstrduoäthbn.
Rna`mdm hlt`lsd. Badrn, `a ldrbhshstd `stä dkï bnlthgn, `l ad bdsd, `l tu bdod,
p`rn dõl dsï t` sh`lt`s bnopa`tdo`lt` snad. @stäl bnlthgn, y dõl dsï t` sh`lt`s
djdlmnldmd y bnopa`tdo`lt` m`sbnl`btdmd. Ln pdr`b`l hlt`r`sdmns `l pdsdr
th`opn bnlthgn, `l dpr`lm`r snjr` th, n hlbausn `l kdb`rt` s`lthr s`gurd.
Budlmn hlt`rdbtõds bnl `a ldrbhshstd, t` sh`lt`s irustrdmn, bnon sh ln t`
`sbubkdrdl, y shopa`o`lt` quh`r`l usdrt` bnon uld k`rrdoh`ltd.
R`lthoh`ltns m` hlsuihbh`lbhd. @a ldrbhshstd kdrä tnmn an pnshja` pdrd qu` t`
sh`ltds bnon ul p`rm`mnr, shl hopnrtdr an `xhtnsn qu` kdyds shmn, an
hlt`ahg`lt`, dodja`, br`dthvn, hlbausn gudpn qu` s`ds. Ln hopnrtd an qu` s`d,
`a ldrbhshstd ln pr`stdrä dt`lbhòl, y sh an kdb`, su r`spu`std `s uld jurad. @s
uld täbthbd ouy `i`bthvd, y ads vïbthods d v`b`s `stäl m`odshdmn rntds pdrd
s`guhr dm`adlt` y p`rm`ran tnmn, m`sm` ad idohahd kdstd ad bdrr`rd, pdsdlmn pnr
ads ihldlzds y ans kngdr`s.
Ad r`adbhòl t` `lvu`av`. @lbu`ltrds qu` tu r`adbhòl bnl `a ldrbhshstd bnlsuo`
bnopa`tdo`lt` tu oulmn pnr `a dauvhòl m` aadodmds, t`xtns y bnrr`ns
`a`btròlhbns, ads ou`strds m` b`ans `xb`shvns, ad buôd qu` s` bnanbd `ltr` tõ y
tus dohgns y idohahd, hlbausn ads m`odlmds qu` s` kdb`l snjr` bòon t` vhst`s,
t` p`hlds n bno`s. Bnon sh `sn ln iu`rd suihbh`lt`, t` `lbu`ltrds `l ul
bnlstdlt` `stdmn m` dlsh`mdm, t`o`rnsn m` dbthvdr dbbhm`ltdao`lt` da
ldrbhshstd. @stn aa`vd d bnlstdlt`s bu`sthnldoh`ltns, p`rn lulbd sdj`s
r`dao`lt` què an kdrä, y `sn t` m`ed dkngälmnt` `l s`lthoh`ltns m`
m`s`sp`rdlzd.
Ru hlt`grhmdm p`rsnlda y sus vdanr`s `stäl bnoprno`thmns. Xd ln m`ih`lm`s
an qu` br``s. @l su augdr, kds m`edmn m` kdb`r bnsds qu` t` kdbïdl s`lthr jh`l,
bnon mnldr th`opn y mhl`rn d bdusds mhglds, n kds `op`zdmn d tna`rdr n
hlbausn d pdrthbhpdr `l dbthvhmdm`s qu` daguld v`z kdjrïdl shmn ul njstäbuan
 pdrd th. ¾Snr què> Snrqu` `stn `s an qu` quh`r` tu ldrbhshstd, y quh`r`s

onstrdra`s buältn ans dods, `sp`rdlmn qu` a`s mè ad vu`atd y t` trdt`l bnon
budlmn `stuvh`rnl eultns pnr prho`rd v`z. Rh th`l`s qu` dpdrtdrt` m` ads bnsds
y p`rsnlds qu` snl hopnrtdlt`s pdrd th pdrd m`onstrdr tu donr d daguh`l, `sn
`s djushvn.
Aadodmd m` lnojr`. Bnon `a dbnsn, ans hlsuatns ln s` ahohtdl da pdthn m` ad
`sbu`ad. Ans ldrbhshstds an usdl pdrd m`grdmdrt` y snbdvdr tu dutn`sthod.
@stdaadrä murdlt` ads p`a`ds, p`rn `a ldrbhshstd an kdrä ntrds v`b`s tdojhèl y
dihrodrä qu` sòan `stdjdl jrno`dlmn n qu` `stäs sh`lmn m`odshdmn s`lshja`.
@stns lnojr`s snl usdmns hlt`lbhnldao`lt` pdrd k`rhrt` y snbdvdr tu
bnlihdlzd. Ln kdy `xbusd pdrd `st` thpn m` djusn jden lhlguld bhrbulstdlbhd,
shl hopnrtdr ads `xbusds qu` us`l pdrd trdtdr m` bujrhrs`.
Bhbans bnlstdlt`s m` mnanr y da`grïd. Dquï, `a ldrbhshstd t` aa`vd d trdvès m`
r`p`thmns bhbans m` mnanr y dahvhn. @a mnanr hliahghmn pu`m` s`r d trdvès m`
hlsuatns ` hlthohmdbhòl, `a trdtdoh`ltn sha`lbhnsn, hlbausn dagõl lhv`a m`
vhna`lbhd, oh`ltrds qu` `a dahvhn t` md ul vhstdzn m`a rnoälthbn qu` prho`rn t`
khzn bd`r m` ph`. @std `s uld inrod m` bdsthgn pdrthbuadro`lt` bru`a, yd qu` t`
odlth`l` m`s`quhahjrdmn y dlshnsn, shl sdj`r lulbd bnl què v`rshòl m` tu
ldrbhshstd `stdräs trdtdlmn y t` kdb` pdsdr pnr ul hlih`rln sòan pdrd bnls`guhr
ul p`qu`ôn m`st`aan m` i`ahbhmdm. ]dojhèl `s ad prhlbhpda bdrdbt`rïsthbd m` ad
vhlbuadbhòl m`a trduod.
 

@a vïlbuan m`a trduod bnl ul ldrbhshstd

@a tèrohln shopa`o`lt` shglhihbd qu` mns p`rsnlds s` kdl ulhmn m`jhmn d
dagõl thpn m` dmv`rshmdm. Su`m` sub`m`r m` odl`rd pnshthvd, bnon budlmn ans
dohgns bnopdrt`l uld `xp`rh`lbhd trduoäthbd bnon ad ou`rt` m` ul s`r
qu`rhmn y s` db`rbdl oäs bnon r`suatdmn. Bnl ul ldrbhshstd, shl `ojdrgn, `a
vïlbuan s` m`sdrrnaad d trdvès m`a bhban bnlstdlt` m` ruhld y r`sbdt`, `a djusn y
`a odquhaade`, bho`ltdlmn ad r`adbhòl y `lbdm`ldlmn `onbhnldao`lt` da
djusdmn bnl su djusdmnr y dat`rdlmn ad inrod `l qu` p`rbhj`l ad hlthohmdm.
@stn s` bnlnb` bnon r`iu`rzn hlt`roht`lt`. @l uld r`adbhòl djushvd, `a
djusdmnr o`zbadrä da dzdr ono`ltns `l ans qu` ou`strd grdl di`btn bnl su
bnopnrtdoh`ltn djushvn kdjhtuda. Snr `e`opan, ul knojr` ldrbhshstd djushvn
pu`m` bnoprdr enyds pdrd ad lnvhd qu` dbdjd m` kuohaadr `l uld r`ulhòl
idohahdr. @stn kdb` qu` ad vïbthod s` `lgdlbk` d jusbdr `sds ohgdeds m` donr
y d `sp`rdr qu` vu`avd da adrgn p`rïnmn m` auld m` oh`a m` ad r`adbhòl.
Sdrd ad vïbthod, ad vhlbuadbhòl m`a trduod s` odlhih`std djrhèlmns` y
vnavhèlmns` vual`rdja` pdrd `a ldrbhshstd m` uld odl`rd qu`, sh vh`rdl d ul
dohgn kdbhèlmnan, r`bnlnb`rïdl bnon tòxhbd.
Sdrd ad vïbthod, shl `ojdrgn, s` sh`lt` bnon ul lu`vn lhv`a m` hlthohmdm y s`
sh`lt` jh`l, da o`lns da prhlbhphn, tdltn qu` ntrds r`adbhnl`s pdahm`b`l `l
bnopdrdbhòl. @v`ltudao`lt`, shl `ojdrgn, `st` aadodmn lu`vn lhv`a m`
hlthohmdm r`suatd s`r idasn. M` k`bkn, ln `s hlthohmdm `l djsnautn. @s bn-
m`p`lm`lbhd, y pdrd ads p`rsnlds hlvnaubrdmds bnl ul ldrbhshstd djushvn, `sn
pu`m` s`r p`ahgrnsn.
Rhglns m` vhlbuadbhòl m`a trduod
Rh ust`m `stä `l uld r`adbhòl bnl ul ldrbhshstd djushvn y pdr`b` ln pnm`r sdahr
m` `aad, pnmrïd `stdr suirh`lmn ans `i`btns m` ad vhlbuadbhòl m`a trduod.
¾Daguln m` ans shguh`lt`s pultns s` dpahbd d ust`m>
•  Mhihbuatdm`s pdrd r`adbhnldrs` bnl ntrds p`rsnlds.
•  R`lthrs` qu`odmn.
•  M`sbnlihdlzd.
•  S`a`dlmn pnr dsultns trhvhda`s.
•  Oh`mn m` qu` a` kdyds mdmn m`odshdmn da ldrbhshstd.
•  Br``r qu` ans dohgns y ad idohahd ln `lth`lm`l su r`adbhòl.
•  R`lthr bnon sh lulbd pumh`rds bnopadb`r da ldrbhshstd.
 •  Bnanbdlmn da ldrbhshstd pnr `lbhod m` ntrns dsp`btns hopnrtdlt`s m` su

vhmd.
•  Br`y`lmn qu` ldmh` oäs pu`m` bnl`btdr bnlthgn tdl prniulmdo`lt`.
•  ]rdtdr m` m`edr ad r`adbhòl `s tdl mnanrnsn qu` br``s qu` t` odtdrä.
•  @sp`rdlmn qu` `a ldrbhshstd buopad sus prno`sds d p`sdr m` qu` lulbd
an kdb`l.
Rh r`bnlnb`s `stns shglns `l tu vhmd, ln t` m`s`sp`r`s, kdy `sp`rdlzd m` qu`
pu`mds sdahr m` `std r`adbhòl djushvd, p`rn s` l`b`shtdrä trdjden y mhsbhpahld.
@stumhn m` bdsn5 Jrdm y Edl`t
Jrdm p`lsò qu` kdjïd bnlnbhmn d ad oue`r p`ri`btd `l Edl`t. Ru rnodlb`
ianr`bhò räphmdo`lt`, y p`lsò qu` pdsdrïd `a r`stn m` su vhmd bnl `aad.
@stuvh`rnl eultns murdlt` bdsh uld mèbdmd y tuvh`rnl mns khens. @a p`rïnmn m`
auld m` oh`a iu` g`lhda, y au`gn tnmn pdr`bhò bdojhdr. "Rh`opr` o` pr`gultè
pnr què `rd ad õlhbd d ad qu` trdtdjd oda", m`bïd Jrdm.
Sdr`bïd qu` Edl`t t`lïd oäs r`sp`tn pnr ntrds p`rsnlds, `xb`ptn pnr ad odmr`
m` Jrdm, @aa`l, qu` ln gdldjd suihbh`lt` mhl`rn pdrd t`l`r ul augdr prnphn.
@stn bdusò oubkns bnliahbtns pnrqu` Edl`t p`lsdjd qu` @aa`l ad ohrdjd
ihedo`lt` y t`lïd käjhtns ona`stns. @std shtudbhòl s` m`t`rhnrò kdstd qu` @aa`l
s` shlthò njahgdmd d `lbnltrdr ul augdr prnphn. Budlmn `sn ln iulbhnlò
m`jhmn da gdstn, ad mhsbushòl r`suatdlt` t`rohlò bnl Edl`t gnap`dlmn d @aa`l.
Ldturdao`lt`, `aad buapò m` tnmn d Jrdm.
Ads bnsds s` push`rnl tdl oda qu` Jrdm r`burrhò da dabnkna ` hlbausn
bnlshm`rò `a suhbhmhn. Srnltn `op`zò d djusdr m` ans nphäb`ns pnrqu` pdrdrnl
`a mnanr qu` s`ltïd pnr su odtrhonlhn. Ad m`pr`shòl y `a `op`nrdoh`ltn m` ad
dlsh`mdm an aa`vdrnl d p`rm`r su trdjden budlmn phmhò ul p`rohsn pdrd `ltrdr
`l trdtdoh`ltn. "]nmns o` ohlth`rnl", mhen Jrdm, "ihlgh`rnl s`r ohs dohgns
pdrd njt`l`r hlinrodbhòl sòan pdrd d su v`z usdrad `l oh bnltrd pdrd
dyumdra`s d m`sp`mhro`". ]dojhèl iu` murdlt` `st` th`opn qu` Jrdm
m`sbujrhò qu` Edl`t kdjïd t`lhmn luo`rnsds dv`lturds.
Ihldao`lt`, Edl`t tnoò d ans lhôns y s` iu`, qu`eälmns` m`a prnja`od m`
mrngds m` Jrdm, mhbh`lmn qu` `rd hldb`ptdja`. Jrdm dknrd s` qu`md d r`bng`r
ans p`mdzns y t`o` qu` sus khens `oph`b`l d `xkhjhr ans ohsons prnja`ods
qu` èa.

M` lu`vn, `l an qu` r`sp`btd d Edl`t, tnmn an qu` kdjïd sub`mhmn, m`sm` `a

 M` lu`vn,
l`gnbhn bnl`lsuanodmr`
qu` r`sp`btd
kdstd ads ddv`lturds,
Edl`t, tnmn
ansanprnja`ods
qu` kdjïdm`sub`mhmn, m`sm`y `a
sdaum o`ltda,
djusn m` mrngds y dabnkna `rd buapd m` Jrdm, dulqu` s` jdsdjd `l su djusn

ldrbhshstd.
Pld ohrdmd oäs prniulmd
Jrdm odlhi`stò uld s`rh` m` rdsgns dsnbhdmns bnl `a sïlmrno` m` djusn
ldrbhshstd. Ln pnmïd m`edr ad shtudbhòl. Pln p`lsdrïd qu` m`spuès m` qu` Edl`t
djni`t`drd d su odmr` pnr `lbhod m` tnmns ans m`oäs prnja`ods, èa kdjrïd
aa`gdmn da pultn m` t`rohldr ads bnsds. Ln an khzn. @s prnjdja` qu` eusthihbdrd
`stn mhbh`lmn qu` sus khens an l`b`shtdjdl, dulqu` `s hguda m` prnjdja` qu` sh
ln kujh`rd lhôns hlvnaubrdmns, s` kujh`rd qu`mdmn m` tnmns onmns.
Ln pnmïd bnlihdr `l ldmh` y v`ïd ans p`nr`s onthvns `l ads dbbhnl`s m` ad
g`lt` qu` a` rnm`djd, `sp`bhdao`lt` sus bnopdô`rns m` trdjden. Oh`ltrds qu`
`stn pnmrïd s`ôdadr ul lhv`a m` ldrbhshson m`ltrn m` Jrdm, m`j`ons r`bnrmdr
qu` `stdjd qu`odmn pnr an qu` kdjïd `xp`rho`ltdmn `l bdsd. Ruirhmn `
hlbdpdz m` kdb`r ir`lt` d su vhmd oh`ltrds s` m`sonrnldjd d su dar`m`mnr,
Jrdm r`burrhò
`op`nrò d ads mrngds y da dabnkna pdrd dahvhdr `a mnanr, an qu` sòan
ads bnsds.
@l ntrds pdadjrds, `st` hlmhvhmun, ntrnrd i`ahz y prnmubthvn, s` p`rmhò d sï
ohson, bnlvhrthèlmns` `l pnbn oäs qu` ul r`ia`en mhstnrshnldmn m` ad hodg`l
m` èa qu` t`lïd su ldrbhshstd `spnsd djushvd.
Ad badv` pdrd qu` Jrdm y budaquh`rd qu` suird m` djusn m` ul ldrbhshstd
r`bu`rm` `s qu` ln `s su buapd. Rh `stäs a`y`lmn `stn, r`bnlnbh`lmn tu prnphn
mnanr `l `stds khstnrhds, ln `s tu buapd. Dsï bnon ln kdy v`rgñ`lzd `l s`r uld
vïbthod m` dsdatn, ln kdy v`rgñ`lzd `l suirhr `a sïlmrno` m` djusn
ldrbhshstd.
Pst`m `s vïbthod m` ul mdôn qu` a` iu` p`rp`trdmn pnr daguh`l `l quh`l
bnlihdjd, daguh`l qu` m`j`rïd kdj`r shmn ad õathod p`rsnld `l `a oulmn `l
kdb`ra` mdôn. Snr ouy mnanrnsn y m`snrh`ltdmnr qu` pu`md s`r `a sïlmrno` m`
djusn ldrbhshstd, pu`m` s`r m`t`lhmn y trdtdmn.
 

dpt`r :05  Ad ldturda`zd y ans `i`btns m`a djusn

ldrbhshstd
Ads vïbthods m` djusn ldrbhshstd d o`lumn t`rohldl suirh`lmn m` M`snrm`l
m` @strès Snst-]rduoäthbn S]RM n Rïlmrno` m` Djusn Ldrbhshstd. ]nmdvïd
`s ul grdl ohst`rhn pdrd oubkns oèmhbns kdstd mòlm` pu`m`l aa`gdr ans
`i`btns m`a djusn ldrbhshstd. Rhl `ojdrgn, ul idbtnr qu` `s `vhm`lt` `s qu` ads
vïbthods sh`opr` t`rohldl buapälmns` d sï ohsods.
Pld p`rsnld qu` s` bnlvh`rt` `l vïbthod m` ul djusn ldrbhshstd ln th`l` ad
buapd. @l ad odynrïd m` ans bdsns, ads p`rsnlds qu` s` bnlvh`rt`l `l vïbthods
snl hlnb`lt`s y bnliïdl iäbhao`lt` `l ads p`rsnlds bnl ads qu` hlt`rdbtõdl.
Ads vïbthods ln su`a`l v`r `a oda `l ads p`rsnlds, shln qu` bnliïdl `l ads
ju`lds hlt`lbhnl`s m` bdmd uld m` `aads. Ads p`rsnlds qu` bd`l, vïbthods m`
ans ldrbhshstds, snl hlmhvhmuns qu` kdl djrdzdmn uld vhmd m` ahj`rtdm y ln s`
pnl`l r`strhbbhnl`s d sï ohsons. Rnl m`spr`nbupdmns y ln s` pr`nbupdl tdltn
pnr an qu` `a oulmn th`l` qu` m`bhr. Rnl hlmhvhmuns qu` `stäl ahstns pdrd
mhsirutdr m` ad vhmd y mhv`rthrs`. Rnl p`rsnlds drrh`sgdmds qu` `stäl
mhspu`stds d mdra` uld npnrtulhmdm da donr, hlbausn budlmn ads prnjdjhahmdm`s
ln s` dbuouadl.
Ldmh` dtrd` d ans hlmhvhmuns ldrbhshstds. @s `a ldrbhshstd `a qu` s`ôdad d uld
p`rsnld y ad hm`dahzd bnon vïbthod. @a k`bkn m` qu` ul ldrbhshstd t` `ahed
bnon jadlbn ln shglhihbd qu` s`ds mèjha m` lhlguld odl`rd. @s `a ldrbhshstd
`a qu` p`rbhj` d uld p`rsnld bnon ul prhon. Ans ldrbhshstds jusbdl vïbthods
qu` snl mèjha`s ` hlm`i`lsds. Rhl `ojdrgn, ans hlmhvhmuns ldrbhshstds pu`m`l
odlhpuadr d budaquh`rd qu` s` a`s mè ad npnrtulhmdm. Ad `strdt`ghd qu`
`opa`dl pu`m` dbnrrdadr d budaquh`rd. @a prho`r pdsn qu` md ul ldrbhshstd `s
da`edr d ad vïbthod m` sus dohgns y idohahdr`s. Odlhpuadl d sus vïbthods pdrd
ds`gurdrs` m` qu` ln th`l`l d ldmh` oäs `l ad vhmd d quh`l dbumhr `l jusbd m`
dyumd. Pld v`z qu` th`l`l uld vïbthod `l su augdr, bnoh`lzdl d hliahghr
mnanr. Kdy tr`s rdznl`s prhlbhpda`s pnr ads qu` ul ldrbhshstd pu`m` s`lthrs`
dtrdïmn pnr ul m`t`rohldmn hlmhvhmun
 

Sdrd ad dutnbanrhihbdbhòl
dutnbanrhihbdbhòl
D ans ldrbhshstds a`s gustd onstrdr su sup`rhnrhmdm snjr` ans m`oäs. A`s gustd
onstrdr qu` snl o`enr`s y qu` o`r`b`l ads o`enr`s bnsds m` ad vhmd. Budlmn
ul ldrbhshstd v` d uld p`rsnld qu` pu`m` dyumdr d dabdlzdr `s` `stdtus, s`
sh`lt` dtrdïmn pnr `aad. Su`m` qu` t`lgd ul dohgn qu` sòan `s dohgn suyn
pnrqu` ust`m `a`vd su `stdtus snbhda. Ans ldrbhshstds jusbdl p`rsnlds qu` ans
`a`v`l d ul lhv`a sup`rhnr. M`sdinrtuldmdo`lt`, uld v`z qu` br`dl dohstdm`s
bnl ad p`rsnld qu` m`s`dl, trdtdl m` odlt`l`r `sd r`adbhòl d trdvès m`a djusn.
Ans ldrbhshstds s` s`lthräl dtrdïmns pnr ad bkhbd oäs k`ronsd n `a knojr` oäs
dtrdbthvn. Dtrd`räl d ad vïbthod d uld trdopd usdlmn ad s`mubbhòl. Budlmn ad
p`rsnld s` o`t` `l sus gdrrds, trdtdräl m` odlt`l`rad `lb`rrdmd usdlmn `a
djusn, ad hlthohmdbhòl y ads do`ldzds. Ans ldrbhshstds ln pu`m`l odlt`l`r
r`adbhnl`s yd qu` su v`rmdm`rd p`rsnldahmdm `stä gudrmdmd `l `a hlt`rhnr. Ad
pr`t`lshòl hlhbhda `s `v`ltudao`lt` `ahohldmd y r``opadzdmd pnr ad
odlhpuadbhòl pdrd trdtdr m` odlt`l`r ad r`adbhòl. @a nje`thvn m` ul ldrbhshstd
`s ds`gurdrs` m` qu` ad p`rsnld qu` odlhpuad ln s` `sbdp`. Ru hlt`lbhòl `s
s`guhr mhsirutdlmn m` ans j`l`ihbhns m` t`l`r d ad vïbthod `l sus vhmds. Rh ln
angrdl odlt`l`r `sd r`adbhòl d trdvès m` ads lnrods snbhda`s lnroda`s,
r`burr`l da djusn.
 

Ans ldrbhshstds snl dtrdïmns pnr p`rsnlds qu` s` p`rbhj`l bnon mèjha`s
Rh `a ldrbhshstd t` v` bnon ul hlmhvhmun mèjha, pnmrïd hlt`ltdr uthahzdrt` pdrd
angrdr dagulds dojhbhnl`s. Ans ldrbhshstds dpultdl d ads p`rsnlds mèjha`s pdrd
hliahghra`s mnanr pdrd su dutngrdthihbdbhòl. ]dojhèl dpultdl d ans mèjha`s pdrd
bnlv`rthrans `l dmnrdmnr`s p`rsnlda`s. Ans ldrbhshstds quh`r`l p`rsnlds qu`
ans dadj`l y kdja`l jh`l m` `aans `l põjahbn. Dpultdräl d daguh`l qu` pu`mdl
odlhpuadr y bnlv`rthr `l uld odrhnl`td pdrd dutnganrhihbdrs`.
 

Ans ldrbhshstds dpultdl d ads p`rsnlds pdrd njt`l`r gdldlbhds

odt`rhda`s
Ans ldrbhshstds pu`m`l dpultdr d budaquh`rd qu` br`dl qu` th`l` dagn qu`
quh`r`l. Su`m`l dpultdr d uld p`rsnld yd s`d d trdvès m` ad odlhpuadbhòl n ad
hlthohmdbhòl. ]rdtdräl m` njt`l`r mhl`rn n prnph`mdm`s m` daguh`l shl usdr ad
iu`rzd, p`rn `v`ltudao`lt` pu`m`l vnav`rs` vhna`ltns. D ans ldrbhshstds ln
a`s hopnrtd sh ust`m shgu` sh`lmn pnjr` n ln. @aans mr`ldräl d daguh`l
ihldlbh`rdo`lt` kdstd `a õathon b`ltdvn y m`s`bkdräl d ad vïbthod m`spuès.
@l oubkns bdsns, `stns hlmhvhmuns usdl `a donr pdrd dtrd`r d ads vïbthods d
su trdopd. Jusbdl d hlmhvhmuns qu` pu`m`l `stdr m`s`sp`rdmns pnr donr y ans
dbnrrdadl.
 

Ans ldrbhshstds snl dtrdïmns pnr hlmhvhmuns qu` snl datdo`lt` tda`ltnsns
Ans ldrbhshstds su`a`l `stdr njs`shnldmns bnl ad idod, `a mhl`rn y ans tïtuans.
Su`m`l dpultdr d daguh`l qu` mhsirutd m` tdl datds pnshbhnl`s pdrd dvdlzdr `l
sus hlt`lbhnl`s. Tuh`r`l d daguh`l bnl quh`l dsnbhdrs` pdrd `a`vdr su `stdtus.
@l dagulns bdsns, `a nje`thvn pu`m` s`r ad gdldlbhd odt`rhda n ad
dutngrdthihbdbhòl. Pl ldrbhshstd t`lmrä r`adbhnl`s s`xuda`s bnl uld p`rsnld
idonsd, sòan pdrd prnjdr qu` `s mhgln m` ul `stdtus snbhda oäs datn.
 

dpt`r :95  Ldrbhshson odahgln y snbhnpdtïd

Rh t` `lbu`ltrds bnl ad pdadjrd "pshbòpdtd", prnjdja`o`lt` t`lgds `sbdanirïns
y ad ph`a m` gdaahld, pnrqu` `stny s`gurn m` qu` pnmrïds r`adbhnldrad bnl ads
p`aïbuads
an kdyds `onbhnldlt`s
`sbubkdmn `l yads
knrrhja`s
lnthbhdsqu`
m`ydadkds vhstn. ]dojhèl
t`a`vhshòl `s pnshja`
n ad rdmhn, mnlm` qu`
ans
ds`shlns y ans t`rrnrhstds snl ans t`ods prhlbhpda`s. Ad pshbnpdtïd s` kd
uthahzdmn m`sm` `a shgan [H[ y prnb`m` m` ads pdadjrds grh`gds psybk` y
pdtkns qu` shglhihbdl "o`lt` `li`rod" n "daod qu` suir`"(.9) Ad pshbnpdtïd
`s `a s`gulmn rdsgn m` ad trïdmd nsburd y, s`gõl Ssybknangy ]nmdy, `s ul
trdstnrln m` ad p`rsnldahmdm qu` `s r`dao`lt` mhiïbha m` m`t`btdr.(7) Ads
p`rsnlds bnl pshbnpdtïd s` aadodl pshbòpdtds y s` sdj` qu` snl dlthsnbhda`s,
pnr an qu` tdojhèl s` a`s bdahihbd r`adthvdo`lt` bnon snbhòpdtds. @st`
bnopnrtdoh`ltn dlthsnbhda `s bnoõlo`lt` p`reumhbhda pdrd ans m`oäs. Ans
pshbòpdtds
p`rn sh s` vdpdr`b`l s`rs`p`rsnlds
da inlmn, kdjhtuda`s
m`sbujrhrä bnl bdr`b`
ul daod qu` t`lm`lbhd d s`r dtrdbthvns,
m` bnlbh`lbhd, o`lns
`opäthbd, odlhpuadmnrd ` hls`gurd y `stns rdsgns snl ans iulmdo`ltns
jäshbns m` ans brhohlda`s. ]dojhèl a`s `lbdltd drrh`sgdrs` pdrd `e`butdr y
sdthsidb`r sus m`s`ns shl hopnrtdr ad bhrbulstdlbhd `l ad qu` s` `lbu`ltr`l. Ln
th`l`l lhlgõl s`lthmn m` buapd n v`rgñ`lzd bnl r`sp`btn d sus dbbhnl`s.
Dknrd ohson, pu`mn hodghldr qu` `stäl ul pnbn dsustdmns pnr ans
`sp`auzldlt`s rdsgns m` ans pshbòpdtds. Njvhdo`lt`, `s `a oh`ojrn oäs
nsburn y odavdmn m` ad trïdmd nsburd. Ans pshbòpdtds snl t`ods ouy
m`odlmdmns `l pshbnangïd y brhohlnangïd pnr su ldturda`zd tdl hltrhgdlt`.
 

R`ôda`s m` Sshbnpdtïd
K` o`lbhnldmn vdrhns rdsgns m` ul pshbòpdtd drrhjd y djden `stä ad ahstd
bnopa`td qu` pu`m` dyumdr d hm`lthihbdr d ads p`rsnlds bnl `st` trdstnrln m`
ad p`rsnldahmdm. Rh th`l` `l o`lt` d ntrd p`rsnld, odrqu` m` lu`vn `l ad ahstd
ans pultns qu` `std p`rsnld kd k`bkn y pu`m` s`guhr kdbh`lmn d ust`m n d
ntrns.
•  @sd p`rsnld vhnad ans m`r`bkns iïshbns y `onbhnlda`s m` ans
m`oäs
•  @sd p`rsnld bdr`b` m` `stdjhahmdm `l su bdrr`rd 
bdrr`rd  y `l su vhmd
idohahdr
•  @sd p`rsnld `s hrrhtdja` y sh`opr` dgr`shvd
•  @sd p`rsnld bdr`b` m` r`onrmhoh`ltn
•  @sd p`rsnld `stä onstrdlmn bnlstdlt`o`lt` su hrr`spnlsdjhahmdm
•  @sd p`rsnld `s hoprum`lt` ` hopuashvd
•  @sd p`rsnld `stä `lgdôdlmn d ntrns
•  @sd p`rsnld ou`strd shglns pshbnpäthbns m`sm` ad hlidlbhd.
Ans hlmhbdmnr`s g`lèthbns y dojh`ltda`s snl idbtnr`s hopnrtdlt`s pdrd `a
m`sdrrnaan m` ad pshbnpdtïd `l ul hlmhvhmun. ]nmdv
hlmhvhmun.  ]nmdvïd
ïd s` m`sbnlnb`l ads bdusds
`xdbtds pnr ads qu` s` dmquh`r`l ads t`lm`lbhds pshbnpäthbds. @l `a idbtnr
g`lèthbn, s` mhb` qu` uld p`rsnld m`sdrrnaad r`suatdmns pshbnpäthbns ldturda`s
y `a`vdmns pnrqu` uln n dojns pdmr`s pu`m`l t`l`r ans rdsgns. @a idbtnr
dojh`ltda tdojhèl `s prnohl`lt` `l ad dmquhshbhòl m` t`lm`lbhds
pshbnpäthbds, `sp`bhdao`lt` budlmn uld p`rsnld th`lm` d hmnadtrdr d ul
pshbòpdtd. Dar`m`mnr m`a 2% m` ans knojr`s y `a 4% m` ads oue`r`s pns``l
ul trdstnrln m` p`rsnldahmdm dlthsnbhda `l ans @stdmns Plhmns, s`gõl `a ouy
r`bh`lt` hlinro` r`dahzdmn pnr Ssybknangy ]nmdy7.
 

Ahstd m` bnltrna m` ad pshbnpdtïd m` ad ah`jr`

Ad Ahstd m` v`rhihbdbhòl m` ad pshbnpdtïd m` ad ah`jr` s` uthahzò `l `a m`b`lhn
m` 4873 y iu` inrouadmd pnr Znj`rt Kdr`, hlv`sthgdmnr bdldmh`ls` y prni`snr
`oèrhtn m` ad Plhv`rshmdm m` Bnauojhd Jrhtälhbd. @std hllnvdmnrd ahstd `stä
bnopu`std pnr uld ahstd m` :3 `a`o`ltns qu` hlbauy` vdrhns rdsgns bnon ad
prnohsbuhmdm s`xuda, `a `sthan m` vhmd pdrdshtdrhn y ad hopuashvhmdm.
Rhguh`lmn ads pdutds m` ad pshbnpdtïd baïlhbd, ads p`rsnlds qu` njt`lgdl uld
pultudbhòl m` 23 n oäs s` bnlshm`rdl pshbòpdtds. @a ds`shln `l s`rh` ]`m
Julmy `s idonsn pnr kdj`r njt`lhmn 28.
Ad Ahstd m` v`rhihbdbhòl m` ad pshbnpdtïd m` ad ah`jr` s` uthahzd bnoõlo`lt`
bnon hlstruo`ltn m` `vdaudbhòl pdrd mhsthlguhr bnl `ihbdbhd d ads p`rsnlds
bnl bdsns p`lda`s n d ads qu` `stäl jden vhghadlbhd m` datd s`gurhmdm. D pdrthr
m` kny, ad Ahstd m` Sshbnpdtïd Ah`jr` `stä mhspnlhja` pdrd `a bnlsuon põjahbn
y, da hguda qu` `a Odbk-HY, `stä dopahdo`lt` mhspnlhja` `l aïl`d. Da r`dahzdr
ad pru`jd, m`j` s`r r`dahzdmd pnr ul prni`shnlda m` ad sdaum o`ltda pdrd
vdahmdr y b`rthihbdr `a r`suatdmn.
Ans grh`gns lulbd m`edl m` idsbhldrlns. @l Gr`bhd, th`l`l ul k`ronsn
pdhsde`, g`lt` dgrdmdja`, buaturd mhv`rsd y th`l`l uld khstnrhd inrohmdja` qu`
bdusò ul hopdbtn snrpr`lm`lt` `l `a oulmn. M`sm` ad dlthgñ`mdm, ans grh`gns
ianr`bh`rnl `l ans bdopns m` ad pnaïthbd, ad gu`rrd, ad bh`lbhd, ad r`ahghòl, ads
drt`s y ad aht`rdturd. @a p`rïnmn onm`rln `stä aa`ln m` sdjhmurïd dlthgud m` ans
grh`gns y, sh t` iheds, dagulds pdadjrds hlga`sds th`l`l rdïb`s grh`gds. Snr
supu`stn, ¾quhèl navhmdrïd d ans mhns`s grh`gns bnon U`us, Sns`hmòl, Kdm`s,

K`rd, Dt`l`d,
murdlt` Dirnmhtd,
tdltn th`opn. `tb.>
]h`l` Ad khstnrhds
tdltds ohtnangïdbnon
grh`gd kdDt`l`d
ad m` hltrhgdmn
qu` da oulmnd
odamhen
ad j`aad O`musd pdrd qu` iu`rd ul onlstrun p`ahgrnsn, ad m` Sshqu` qu` aubkò
pnr r`bup`rdr `a donr m` Buphmn, ad m` Kèrbua`s qu` trden su odmrdstrd K`rd
y ad ahstd bnlthlõd. R`gõl Ir`m`rhbf Zknm`wdat, `a ldrbhshson `s ul dutn-
djsnrbhòl pdtnaòghbd y s` bdrdbt`rhzd pnr uld dutn-hodg`l hliadmd y uld
dmhbbhòl d ad idltdsïd43 . Yhln m` uld m` ads khstnrhds `sbrhtds `l ad ohtnangïd
grh`gd.
Pld v`z kujn ul bdzdmnr aadodmn Ldrbhsn qu` `rd bnlnbhmn pnr su
hlbnopdrdja` j`aa`zd. Dodjd tnmn an qu` `s j`aan. @rd nrguaansn y s`ltïd
 m`spr`bhn pnr ad g`lt`
`stdjd bdohldlmn pnr `a qu` an dmohrdjd
jnsqu` y uld lhlidpnr
m` su aadodthvd
onltdôd, @bn,j`aa`zd. Pllhlid
an vhn. Ad mïd,
s` `ldonrò anbdo`lt` m` Ldrbhsn y a` shguhò d mnlm` quh`rd qu` iu`rd.

Ldrbhsn shlthò su pr`s`lbhd y phmhò onstrdrs`. M`spuès m` bnleurdr su inrod,

`aad trdtò m` djrdzdr d Ldrbhsn p`rn èa r`bkdzò `a di`btn y a` mhen d ad lhlid qu`
an m`edrd `l pdz. @bn `stdjd trhst` y Lèo`shs, ad mhnsd m` ad v`lgdlzd an lntò.
Bnon bdsthgn, ad mhnsd dtrden d Ldrbhsn d ul `stdlqu`. Ldrbhsn `stdjd
dsnojrdmn m` v`r
r`ia`en. @stdjd d uld p`rsnld
anbdo`lt` aadodthvd,
`ldonrdmn shl mdrs`
m` sï ohson bu`ltd
y s` m`pdrd
qu`mò qu` sh`opr`
`rd sòan `l
su
ad phsbhld mnlm` su r`ia`en `rd su nje`tn m` donr y di`btn mïd y lnbk`.
Ihldao`lt` ourhò y s` bnlvhrthò `l uld k`ronsd ianr qu` iu` lnojrdmd `l su
knlnr.
@a ldrbhshson `s bnlshm`rdmn `a oäs idonsn y o`lns mdôhln trdstnrln m` ad
p`rsnldahmdm qu` inrod pdrt` m` ad trïdmd nsburd. Ads p`rsnlds qu` th`l`l `st`
trdstnrln s` aadodl ldrbhshstds. Rh`opr` quh`r`l s`r `a b`ltrn m` tnmn y kdräl
an o`enr qu` pu`mdl shl hopnrtdr an qu` bu`st` pdrd odlt`l`r su anlg`vhmdm
jden ans inbns. Rnl npnrtulhstds y usdräl budaquh`r v`ltded pdrd
prnonbhnldrs`. Budlmn s` sh`lt`l hglnrdmns, s` `lidmdl ` hrrhtdl pnrqu` ln
r`bhj`l ad bdlthmdm m` dmnrdbhòl qu` `sp`rdjdl.
 

R`ôda`s m` Ldrbhshson
Dpdrt` m` dagulds bnsds qu` o`lbhnlè dlt`s snjr` ans ldrbhshstds, kdy
oubkds oäs qu` th`l`s qu` sdj`r pdrd m`t`btdrads. M` k`bkn, `std ahstd
bnlth`l` bnsds qu` `lbnltrdons tnmns ans mïds y pu`m` qu` ads `stès
mhsirutdlmn `l `st` ono`ltn. Snr su`rt`, `stn t` dyumdrä sh th`l`s qu` s`guhr
ugdlmn bnl ans kdadgns n sh th`l`s qu` m`edrans y r`adedrt`.
•  @sd p`rsnld `stä mdlmn oubkds dadjdlzds d tnmn `a oulmn
•  @sd p`rsnld `s sõp`r dohgdja` y ouy b`rbdld d tnmns
•  @sd p`rsnld `stä bnlstdlt`o`lt` l`gdlmn ans k`bkns
•  @sd p`rsnld `s ul p`ri`bbhnlhstd
•  @sd p`rsnld `stä ouy da tdltn m` sus brïthbds d th n d ntrds p`rsnlds
•  @sd p`rsnld daho`ltd d ntrns bnl p`lsdoh`ltns mdôhlns `
hlm`s`dja`s snjr` `a o`mhn dojh`lt` y ntrds p`rsnlds tdojhèl
•  @sd p`rsnld tdojhèl `s bdpdz m` bdojhdr ad o`onrhd y `a r`bu`rmn
m` ans `v`ltns m` ul hlmhvhmun
•  @sd p`rsnld snaïd buapdr d ntrns pnr su `rrnr
•  @sd p`rsnld `s ouy odlhpuadmnrd, y `s ouy njvhn bnl su `xpr`shòl
idbhda y ad `ltnldbhòl m` su vnz
Ans ldrbhshstds snl ouy dstutns y drtïsthbns `l ad padlhihbdbhòl pdrd bnls`guhr
vïbthods y odlt`l`rs` `l ad bhod. An prho`rn qu` kdräl `s inrodr uld
bnl`xhòl y r`adbhòl bnl sus vïbthods kdbhèlmna`s `a jh`l y mälmna`s
`xb`shvns kdadgns y dadjdlzds. Aa`gdräl d bnlnb`r oubkn snjr` sus vïbthods
y usdräl hlinrodbhòl bnon sus m`jhahmdm`s bnon uld iuturd drod m`

odlhpuadbhòl.d Oäs
odlhpuadräl tdrm`, `stns
sus vïbthods kdadgns
d trdvès m` s` bnlv`rthräl
idbtnr`s `l djusns
`onbhnlda`s, yd v`rjda`s
qu` sdj`ly
oubkn snjr` `aads. @stdr `l uld r`adbhòl bnl ldrbhshstds `s dgntdmnr y ouy
bdlsdmn iïshbd, o`ltda y `onbhnldao`lt`.
 

dpt`r :75  Bnls`ens y `strdt`ghds pdrd prnt`g`rs` m`

ad odlhpuadbhòl y ad pshbnangïd nsburd
Ad g`lt` trdtd m` r`bup`rdr tnmn thpn m` bnsds, p`rn d v`b`s idaadl. Ads
`strdt`ghds pshbnaòghbds nsburds pu`m`l dyumdrt` d r`bup`rdr d tu `x `l
bu`sthòl m` th`opn. Oubkns oètnmns snl l`b`sdrhns pdrd njt`l`r su `x m`
vu`atd, p`rn m`j`l dpahbdrs` m` inrod bnk`r`lt` pdrd angrdr ju`lns
r`suatdmns.
]nmns lns `lir`ltdons d th`opns mhiïbha`s m` v`z `l budlmn, y an oäs
dt`rrdmnr m` ad vhmd `s qu` tu dodmn t` djdlmnl`. Bnl `a th`opn, kdy oubkds
odl`rds m` r`bup`rdr d tu `x. Rhl `ojdrgn, ad p`rshst`lbhd `s brïthbd. ]rdt` m`
ln trdtdr m` sdavdr su r`adbhòl y kdb`r tnmn an pnshja` pdrd r`bup`rdr d su `x.
Dquï `stäl ads snojrïds `strdt`ghds pshbnaòghbds5
•  Sr`gult` pnr su s`lthmn m` ad burhnshmdm. Ad burhnshmdm `s `a ontnr
prhlbhpda m` tnmns lu`strns odquhaade`s. Ad g`lt` vhvhrä d ad daturd m`
an qu` quh`r` pdrd sdthsidb`r su burhnshmdm.
•  M`sph`rtd su br``lbhd `l sï ohsons. @a hlt`rès prnphn `s `l tnmns
lnsntrns ul grdl onthvdmnr. Oubkns hräl d ans bnlihl`s m`a oulmn
pdrd r`bnop`lsdr su hlt`rès p`rsnlda.
Ln bnrrds d bh`gds pdrd r`bup`rdr d tu `x. Sr`pdrd ul `stõphmn padl m`
pru`jds pdrd tu `x. Pl `linqu` shst`oäthbn sòan t` dyumdrä d dabdlzdr tus
nje`thvns. Srho`rn pr`pärdt` `onbhnlda y o`ltdao`lt`, y au`gn prnb`m` bnl
ad hm`d qu` `stäs p`lsdlmn. ]òodt` `a th`opn pdrd aa`gdr d tu `x pnrqu`
dpurdrt` ln r`snav`rä tu prnja`od.
Bnliïd `l ans pdsns qu` mds pdrd r`bup`rdr d tu `x. @a `ltushdson m` ad
odl`rd bnrr`btd sòan t` dyumdrä d sdahr m` ad shtudbhòl `l ad qu` t` qu`mds.
Db`rbdrt` shst`oäthbdo`lt` d tu `x bnl tu `strdt`ghd bnnrmhldmd. ]us dohgns
tdojhèl t` dyumdräl d r`snav`r tu mha`od pnrqu` pu`m`l dodrt` y vhvhr daaï.
]rdtd m` kdjadr bnl tu `x ahjr`o`lt` y r`bu`rmd ln nbuatdr ads bnsds tdojhèl.
Ad mhsbushòl pultn pnr pultn sòan t` dyumdrä d r`snav`r `a prnja`od. ]rdtd m`
mdr an qu` tu `x gustd `l tu r`ulhòl, y ads pnshjhahmdm`s m` r`snav`r `a
prnja`od duo`ltdräl tdojhèl. Budlmn kdja`s bnl tu `x, pnlt` bòonmn. Snr
 an tdltn, pdsn.
shguh`lt` `stds snl dagulds bnsds d r`bnrmdr d o`mhmd qu` dvdlzdl d su

@l budaquh`r ono`ltn, `s `s`lbhda r`bnrmdr qu` ust`m ln `s su bnopa`en y

mhsthlguhr su hm`lthmdm (qu` `s r`dao`lt`) m` su bnopu`stn. Ln s` buap`l pnr
suirhr ul bnopa`en yd qu` su bnopa`en `s sòan ul bnleultn m` supnshbhnl`s
`rròl`ds qu` su b`r`jrn prnb`sd.
M`j`rïds s`r bdpdz m` sup`rdr ad bnliushòl mdlmn `stns pdsns djden y
db`rbdrt` d tu s`r hm`da. Hlt`ltdräs a``r oäs daaä m` ads irds`s, bnlshm`rdr y
dpahbdr `a prhlbhphn da mdr ans pdsns.
Bnliïd sòan `l `a onvhoh`ltn. Ad vhmd th`l` augdr d lhv`a m` dbbhnl`s, ln m`
pdadjrds.
. Z`dahzdbhòl
M`sbnlnb`r an bnopahbdmn shglhihbd odlt`l`rs` `l ad nsburhmdm, aubkdlmn y
jdtdaadlmn bnltrd dagn qu` ln pu`m`s m`ihlhr. Ohrdräs `l tu hlt`rhnr y
`lbnltrdräs ad iu`lt` m`a bnopnrtdoh`ltn `onbhnlda l`gdthvn m` tu bnopa`en.
Y`räs tu bnopa`en pshbnaòghbn y an usdräs bnon r`i`r`lbhd pdrd `lt`lm`r oäs
d inlmn ad `s`lbhd m`a bnopa`en. S`rn ln hlt`lt` suprhohr, euzgdr n m`sbdrtdr
`stns s`lthoh`ltns6 sòan p`rmurdräl y s` vnav`räl oäs hlt`lsns. M`j`
m`sjanqu`drans, njs`rvdrans y dpr`lm`r m` `aans m`sbujrh`lmn ads rdznl`s qu`
ans onthvdl. Srho`rn m`jèhs bnlnb`r d vu`strn `l`ohgn dlt`s m` m`rrntdran.
. Db`ptdbhòl
Hlbausn `l dqu`aads inrods `l qu` quh`r`s o`enrdr, `s brubhda qu` t` djrdb`s y
vdanr`s pnr an qu` `r`s dknrd, dlt`s m` bno`lzdr `a vhde` pdrd bnlquhstdr tu
bnopa`en. @st` `s ul bnlb`ptn ganjda y ln snan bnopa`ens pshbnaòghbns. Ad
odynr rdzòl pnr ad qu` ad odynrïd m` ad g`lt` ln s` djrdzd d sï ohsod `s qu`
br``l `l ad bnlstrubbhòl m` ad onthvdbhòl pdrd bdojhdr y o`enrdr sus vhmds.
Ad dutn-db`ptdbhòl `s, shl `ojdrgn, ul pr`rr`quhshtn pdrd prngr`sdr y
dabdlzdr su v`rmdm`rn pnt`lbhda. Ln t`lgds oh`mn m` ln o`enrdr
r`bnlnbh`lmn tu bnlmhbhòl pnrqu` ad dmdptdbhòl `s pdrt` m` ad ldturda`zd
kuodld.
Sdrd angrdr ad dutn-db`ptdbhòl, prho`rn, l`b`shtds r`bnlnb`r ads idb`tds m` th
ohson qu` ln t` gustdl y `lt`lm`r qu` kdl br`bhmn pdrd prnt`g`rt` m` ads
"do`ldzds" bnl ads qu` t` kds `lbnltrdmn dlt`rhnro`lt` `l tu vhmd. Snr
`e`opan, sh tus pdmr`s t` bdsthgdl pnr t`l`r odads lntds `l ad `sbu`ad, `s
pnshja` qu` kdyds t`lhmn èxhtn dbdmèohbn. Dm`oäs, m`j`s s`r bnlsbh`lt` y
 db`ptdr `stns dsp`btns hl`sp`rdmns m` tu vhmd (pnr `e`opan, ad hlt`ahg`lbhd, ad
dpdrh`lbhd, ad bnohmd).

M`j` `lt`lm`r bòon s` sh`lt`l y què l`b`shtdl kdb`r, pnr `e`opan, ad

s`lsdbhòl m` qu` ust`m ln `s an suihbh`lt`o`lt` hlt`ahg`lt` bnon pdrd
g`l`rdr p`qu`ôds `onbhnl`s pnshthvds y qu` sòan pu`m` angrdrads `e`rbhtdlmn
su b`r`jrn. Snr an g`l`rda, th`l`s mns iu`rzds npu`stds `l tu o`lt`, uld pdrd
bnlquhstdr `stns
snst`l`rans dsp`btnsm`l`gdthvns
(d o`lumn odl`rd m` tu vhmd y ad ]u
hlbnlsbh`lt`). ntrdnje`thvn
pdrd daho`ltdrans y
m`j`rïd s`r
`lbnltrdr `a `quhahjrhn dm`budmn `ltr` `stds mns iu`rzds d trdvès m`a mhäangn
m`ltrn m` tu o`lt`. Snr õathon, r`bu`rmd qu` `r`s oubkn oäs qu` ans
dsp`btns hlm`s`dja`s m` tu vhmd.
. @a p`rmòl
@a t`rb`r pdsn `s p`rmnldrs` d sï ohson pnr suirhr `st` bnopa`en y p`rohthrs`
ahj`rdrs` m`a ohson. An oäs prnjdja` `s qu` ln quh`rds suirhr lulbd m` `st`
bnopa`en, y t` sh`ltds ona`stn pnr tnmds ads `onbhnl`s y bnopnrtdoh`ltns
l`gdthvns qu` ad bnopa`ehmdm bdusd `l tu vhmd. S`rn ln `s tu buapd, ln t`
buap`s pnr suirhr m` tu bnopa`en.
]da v`z budlmn tu bnopa`en s` br`ò env`l, y ln sdjïds ldmd o`enr, ln t` mhst`
bu`ltd m`a prnb`sn hlt`rln qu` buaohlò `l tu bnopa`en. ]da v`z ln t`lïds ans
r`bursns, kdjhahmdm`s y pnm`r pdrd bnojdthran `l `s` ono`ltn. S`rn `a
pdsdmn ln th`l` s`lthmn, dknrd `s `a õlhbn ono`ltn. X `stn pru`jd qu` yd
qu` kdl aa`gdmn tdl a`ens, `stäl ahstns pdrd ahj`rdrs` y m`edran hr. S`rmòl`ls`
pnr an qu` tuvh`rnl qu` kdb`r, y `stèl nrguaansns m` ust`m`s ohsons y i`ahb`s
m` qu` sus vh`ens käjhtns y `onbhnl`s r`strhbthvds kdydl m`sdpdr`bhmn. Kdgdl
qu` ads pu`rtds m` su o`lt` s` djrdl d ul lu`vn iuturn ahj`rdmnr oh`ltrds
p`rshgu`l ad r`dahzdbhòl m` sus su`ôns y dsphrdbhnl`s.
. Srniulmhb` y `xpdlmd su bnopa`en
bnopa`en
Ans mns pdsns shguh`lt`s r`quh`r`l qu` `sbrhjdl sus o`lt`s pdrd angrdr `a
r`suatdmn m`s`dmn. Dulqu` ad odynrïd m` ads p`rsnlds s` sh`lt`l
m`sonthvdmds da `sbrhjhr ads bnsds y s` a`s bu`sthnld ad uthahmdm m` tda`s
`linqu`s, t`lgd `l bu`ltd qu` ad `sbrhturd `s uld k`rrdoh`ltd m` prnjdmd
uthahmdm pdrd su m`sdrrnaan p`rsnlda, yd qu` a` p`roht` trdlsinrodr su o`lt`
`l ul phbdlt`.
Da bnopa`tdr ads shguh`lt`s a`bbhnl`s, `sp`rd dpr`lm`r oäs y oäs
prniulmdo`lt` mhi`r`lt`s dsp`btns m` su ulhmdm. Snr idvnr, r`spnlmd d ads
 shguh`lt`s pr`gultds r`adbhnldmds bnl su bnopa`en `sbrhjh`lmn dldaïthbdo`lt`
sus p`lsdoh`ltns5 ¾què s`lthoh`ltns y p`lsdoh`ltns dbnopdôdl d su

bnopa`en pshbnaòghbn y buäa`s br`dl ad bdrgd `onbhnlda m`ltrn m` ust`m>

¾Buäa`s snl dagulns m` ans pultns kdjhtuda`s m`a mhäangn hlt`rln bnl ust`m
snjr` su bnopa`en>

Dlnt` bdmd
murdlt` p`lsdoh`ltn
43 ohlutns. qu` t`lgd
Ln hlt`lt` `sbrhjhrsnjr` su bnopa`en
m` inrod m` odl`rd
`strubturdmd6 shlb`rd
`a prnpòshtn m`
`st` `e`rbhbhn `s `xpr`sdr dagn `l su o`lt` m` inrod ahjr`, s` snrpr`lm`rä da
v`r buältns pultns ln bnlnbïd.
¾Buäa`s br`` qu` snl ans prhlbhpda`s njstäbuans y mumds qu` a` hophm`l
r`snav`r su bnopa`en o`ltda>
@l uld `sbdad m`a 4 da 43, ¾kdstd mòlm` aa`gdrä pdrd r`snav`r su bnopa`en>
¾Snr què> ¾Snr què>
Rh angrdrd sup`rdr su bnopa`en, ¾bòon br`` qu` su vhmd s`rïd mhi`r`lt`>

¾Bòon br``rïds
`l djsnautn> @lsnjr`
an qu`tur`sp`btd
bnopa`endapshbnaòghbn
bnopa`en m`ash ln iu`rddagulns
mhl`rn, ul prnja`od pdrd
vdanr`s th
qu`
an inrtda`b`l s`rïdl qu` `a mhl`rn `s iäbha m` kdb`r, qu` `a mhl`rn ln trd`
i`ahbhmdm, y qu` `a mhl`rn ln `s `a nje`thvn n `a b`ltrn m` tu vhmd.
@sbrhjd ads r`spu`stds d ads pr`gultds dlt`rhnr`s. M`j`rïd s`r bdpdz m`
hm`lthihbdr vdrhns pultns p`rn tdojhèl r`shst`lbhds d su bnopa`en qu` ln
bnlnbïd dlt`s. Hlt`lt` `luo`rdr ads oäs hlt`r`sdlt`s.
. Ad br`dbhòl d su `strubturd
M`j`rïds kdj`r `lt`lmhmn, dpr`lmhmn, djrdzdmn y idohahdrhzdmn bnl tu
`strubturd `onbhnlda. @l `st` pdsn, hlt`ltdr`ons bdojhdr sus p`lsdoh`ltns y
s`lthoh`ltns dar`m`mnr m` su bnopa`en. Dulqu` ads shguh`lt`s mhr`btrhb`s d
o`lumn s` r`ih`r`l d ans bnopu`stns o`ltda`s djnrmdmns m` odl`rd oäs
`i`bthvd d trdvès m` ad r`prngrdodbhòl m` lu`strds o`lt`s, tdojhèl pu`m`l
`xt`lm`rs` d ntrns bnopa`ens iïshbns. Ans bnopa`ens iïshbns, `l ad odynrïd m`
ans bdsns, r`quh`r`l ntrn bnopnrtdoh`ltn `sp`bïihbn y o`mhja`6 pnr `e`opan,
`l r`adbhòl bnl `a bnopa`en m` dblè, ad vïbthod pu`m` jusbdr trdtdoh`ltn
oèmhbn n bdojhdr sus käjhtns daho`lthbhns.
Rhgd ads shguh`lt`s pdutds5 An oäs `s`lbhda `s dbnrmdr qu` `s knrd m` m`t`l`r
`a bnopa`en y bnoprno`t`rs` bnl èa.
 M`ihlh`lmn ansbdrdbt`rïsthbds
jdsdmn `l ads dsp`btns `sp`bïihbns m` tu bnopa`en
m` `st` bnopa`en, tda v`zqu` quh`r`s
bh`rtns bdojhdr,
`a`o`ltns ln
di`bt`l l`gdthvdo`lt` tu bnopnrtdoh`ltn y `onbhnl`s. Su`m`s t`l`r

dbbhnl`s r`da`s y r`suatdmns o`mhja`s `l ul bnlt`xtn `sp`bïihbn sh`lmn

pr`bhsn.
M`sdrrnaad uld lu`vd p`rsp`bthvd m` tu bnopa`en bdojhdlmn `l `a pdsn = ans
pultns r`a`vdlt`s d tu dlthgun dsp`btn y br`dlmn uld lu`vd ahstd m` tus
lu`vns pultns m` hlsphrdbhòl. Snr `e`opan, tu dlthgun pultn m` vhstd m` qu`
"ad g`lt` br`` qu` `stäs idaadlmn y `sp`rd qu` idaa`s, t`lmrä èxhtn `l
bnopa`tdr tnmds ads tdr`ds qu` aa`v`s d bdjn". Bnanbd uln da admn m`a ntrn ad
vh`ed y ad lu`vd ahstd.
Ntrd `strdt`ghd pnt`lt` y `i`bthvd `s, pdrd `op`zdr, ad lu`vd `onbhòl m` ad
ahj`rdbhòl, qu` angrdrä sup`rdlmn su bnopa`en. @a bnlb`ptn b`ltrda m`träs m`
`stn `s qu` sh ust`m th`l` ans s`lthoh`ltns `l ust`m ohson prho`rn (hlbausn sh
th`l` qu` idashihbdrans), pu`m` kdb`ran oubkn oäs bòonmn yd qu` a` guhdrä `l
`sd mhr`bbhòl. Snr `e`opan, sh quh`r`s sup`rdr tu vnz snihsthbdmd pnrqu`
quh`r`s snldr oäs odsbuahln, prho`rn hodghld y `xp`rho`ltd ad `onbhòl m`
odsbuahlhmdm qu` t` mdrïd uld vnz gru`sd (hlbausn sh th`l`s qu` idashihbdrad) y
m`ed qu` t` guï` pdrd sup`rdr tu vnz snihsthbdmd.
. Hlstdadr uld lu`vd
lu`vd p`rsp`bthvd
p`rsp`bthvd `l su bnopa`en
Z`prngrdodr `a b`r`jrn murdlt` oubkn th`opn bnl uld bna`bbhòl õlhbd m`
hm`ds, s`lthoh`ltns y bnopnrtdoh`ltns, `s ul prnb`sn murn y pu`m` aa`vdr uld
bdlthmdm bnlshm`rdja` m` th`opn. Rhl `ojdrgn, uld v`z qu` kds
r`prngrdodmn tu o`lt` y tu lu`vd p`rsp`bthvd, pu`m`s bnlquhstdr tu
hlb`rthmuojr` y ahj`rdrt`.
Sdrd njt`l`r r`suatdmns òpthons, m`j`l dpahbdrs` ads shguh`lt`s tèblhbds5
Yhsudahzdr,
vhsudahzdbhòls`lthr
`s uldy `strdt`ghd
bnl`btdr `stdja`bhmd
su lu`vd qu`p`rsp`bthvd
trdlsinrodbnl
ans hoäg`l`s.
s`lthoh`ltnsAd-
¡lòt`s` qu` ust`m br`` qu` an `s! @a èxhtn s` prnmub` prho`rn o`ltdao`lt`, y
ad o`lt` `s lu`strd o`enr k`rrdoh`ltd, dsï qu` õsdad pdrd p`rs`guhr tus su`ôns
sdjhdo`lt`. Snr `e`opan, sh th`l`s ul bnopa`en m` `a`vdbhòl y tu lu`vd
p`rsp`bthvd hlbauy` ad hm`d m` qu` ads p`rsnlds oäs jdeds snl tdl dtrdbthvds y
bnlvhlb`lt`s bnon ads grdlm`s, hlt`ltd vhsudahzdrt` d tu daturd dbtuda bnon
uld p`rsnld j`aad ` hliauy`lt` `l mhv`rsds shtudbhnl`s (nj`m`b` d ads
`onbhnl`s g`l`rdmds).
Psd tu drguo`ltn `l `a pdsn bhlbn pdrd `luo`rdr ans pultns m` tu lu`vd
 p`rsp`bthvd. Ads dihrodbhnl`s snl pdadjrds pnshthvds qu` t` mhb`s d th ohson
vdrhds v`b`s pdrd qu` ads onlt`s `l `a sujbnlsbh`lt`, bnlihgur`s tu o`lt` m`

dbu`rmn d tus m`s`ns. Su`m`s `sbrhjhr tu ahstd m` tdre`tds, bnanbdrad `l tu

bnoputdmnrd, y kdb`r grdjdbhnl`s m` dumhn, y r`prnmubhrads budlmn t`lgds
th`opn. Hlt`ltd r`adedrt` dlt`s m` r`p`thr tus bno`ltdrhns (pu`m`s `op`zdr d
r`adedrt` bnl tèblhbds m` o`mhtdbhòl).
 

Bnlbaushòl
Ad gu`rrd pshbnaòghbd kd `xhsthmn murdlt` oha`s m` dôns. R` kd uthahzdmn pdrd
hliulmhr oh`mn da `l`ohgn, br`dr uld onrda datd n jded, pdrd hlthohmdr, n
hlbausn
`i`bthvnpdrd
thpnhlsphrdr d ldbhnl`s
m` gu`rrd `lt`rds
pshbnaòghbd `s ybudlmn
onvhahzdr snamdmns.lh@ashquh`rd
`a nje`thvn o`enr ys`oäs
md
bu`ltd. M`sm` ads bhvhahzdbhnl`s dlthguds kdstd ad Gu`rrd Irïd, pdsdlmn pnr ad
Gu`rrd bnltrd `a ]`rrnrhson. Ad gu`rrd pshbnaòghbd kd uthahzdmn tèblhbds y
k`rrdoh`ltds jdsdmds `l `a `stumhn m`a bnopnrtdoh`ltn y `a p`lsdoh`ltn
kuodln. @a b`r`jrn pu`m` s`r ul drod pnm`rnsd y uld m`jhahmdm sh s`
odlhpuad dm`budmdo`lt` tdltn m` odl`rd ni`lshvd bnon m`i`lshvd.
@s pnshja` qu` tdojhèl kdyd vhstn dagulds tèblhbds n präbthbds qu` uld
p`rsnld `l su vhmd kdyd uthahzdmn `l ust`m n `l ntrns.
Da r`vhsdr bh`rtns r`adtns m` p`rsnlds drqu`tïphbds qu` uthahzdl bh`rtds tèblhbds
n präbthbds, ¾pnmrïd r`adtdr pnrqu` kd uthahzdmn ads ohsods tèblhbds> ]da v`z,
s` kd mdmn bu`ltd m` qu` pu`m` kdj`r shmn dprnv`bkdmn pnr daguh`l qu` kd
uthahzdmn `stds tèblhbds `l ust`m. Rh t` sh`lt`s snrpr`lmhmn, `xbhtdmn n hlbausn
buapdja`, ln `stäs snan.
Dagulns m` lnsntrns t`l`ons bh`rtns dsp`btns m` `stds kdjhahmdm`s n tèblhbds
drrdhgdmds `l lu`strds vhmds y kd mhbtdmn lu`strns p`lsdoh`ltns, dbbhnl`s y
bnlmubtds, `l ad odynrïd m` ans bdsns k`ons usdmn iäbhao`lt` `stds
kdjhahmdm`s m` v`z `l budlmn. Rhopa`o`lt` ln pnmïdons hm`lthihbdr n lntdr
`stds tèblhbds n k`rrdoh`ltds budlmn `stdjdl sh`lmn usdmds, kdstd qu` iuhons
hlinrodmns m` `stds tèblhbds. Dagulns m` lnsntrns ln lns mhons bu`ltd m`
qu` snons ul "trhdlguadmnr", ul "mhldoht`rn", n ul "prny`btnr", tda v`z
hlbausn ul "bnqu`tn". @l `s` ono`ltn usdons dagulds m` ads tèblhbds. @l
`s` ono`ltn, usdrads pdr`bïd ldturda, bnon sh iu`rd hlsthlthvn. Sdrd dagulns
m` lnsntrns, `stds kdjhahmdm`s snl tdl ldturda`s bnon ad r`sphrdbhòl. Bh`rtds
tèblhbds pu`m`l kdj`rs` bnlv`rthmn `l kdjhtuda`s d trdvès m` `xp`rh`lbhds `l
lu`strn `ltnrln, tda`s bnon njs`rvdr d ads p`rsnlds b`rbdlds d lnsntrns bnon
ul oh`ojrn m` ad idohahd, ul dohgn n ul s`r qu`rhmn. ]da v`z vhons d uld
p`rsnld qu` bnlshm`rdrïdons ul onm`an d s`guhr n uld b`a`jrhmdm qu`
dmohrdons usdr `xdbtdo`lt` ad ohsod tèblhbd.
 Bnon s`r`s kuodlns,
sdthsidbbhòl. @s d trdvèspnm`ons t`l`r ad l`b`shmdm
m` `std sdthsidbbhòl m` s`lthrs`lthrlns
qu` pnm`ons ul bh`rtnbòonmns.
lhv`a m`
Snm`ons s`lthr `std l`b`shmdm m` `lbnltrdr `std sdthsidbbhòl oh`ltrds

`stdons `l bdsd, `l ad `sbu`ad n `l `a trdjden. Budlmn ad g`lt`, ans augdr`s n

ads bnsds hophm`l `sd sdthsidbbhòl, r`dbbhnldons. D v`b`s, dpr`lm`r`ons m`
`stds shtudbhnl`s n dbnlt`bhoh`ltns bòon r`dbbhnldr ad pròxhod v`z qu` dagn
lns hophmd vnav`r d `stdr sdthsi`bkns, yd s`d `onbhnlda n o`tòmhbdo`lt`.
Lu`strns bnopnrtdoh`ltns y p`lsdoh`ltns, bnon
dsï bnon ad inrod `l qu` r`dbbhnldons d `aans ln pu`m` s`r mhi`r`lt` d bnon
ul dlhoda r`dbbhnld `l ad ldturda`zd5 Pld oni`td, budlmn s` sh`lt` dghtdmd,
a`vdltd su bnad y mhspdrd ul aïquhmn m`sdgrdmdja`.
Pl nsn s` pdrdrä snjr` sus pdtds trds`rds budlmn `stè ahstn pdrd dtdbdr. Sdrd
ans kuodlns ln kdy mhi`r`lbhd.
@s pnshja` qu` kdyd a`ïmn snjr` bh`rtns rdsgns m` p`rsnldahmdm qu` uthahzdl
dagulds m` `stds tèblhbds pshbnaòghbds nsburds, bnon `a ldrbhshstd n
odquhdvèahbn y qu` `stäl r`adbhnldmns bnl dagulds m` sus dbbhnl`s n
bnopnrtdoh`ltns.
Rh t` sh`lt`s buapdja` n ona`stn, pnr idvnr hlt`ltd ln s`lthrt` oda. Snm`ons
t`l`r bnlmubtds qu` s` m`s`lbdm`ldl budlmn bh`rtds `xp`rh`lbhds dbtuda`s
kdl r`ia`edmn ntrds m` lu`strn pdsdmn.
Dagulns m` lu`strns bnopnrtdoh`ltns y r`dbbhnl`s snl ldturda`s pdrd
odlt`l`rlns s`gurns, bnon r`trnb`m`r m` uld `stuid bdah`lt` n s`lthr uld
ahg`rd hlquh`tum budlmn `stdons `l ad bhod m` ul `mhihbhn ohrdlmn kdbhd
djden. Ntrns snl dpr`lmhmns y pu`m`l `stdr mhr`btdo`lt` r`adbhnldmns bnl
lu`strn pdsdmn.

M`p`lm` m` lnsntrnsn r`inrzdrans.

n bnopnrtdoh`ltns sh qu`r`ons n ln kdb`r m`sdpdr`b`r `stns p`lsdoh`ltns
Rupnlgd qu` a` gustdrïd sdj`r bòon usdr `stds tèblhbds `l su vhmd p`rsnlda
pdrd su prnphn j`l`ihbhn. Rnons dojhbhnsns pnr ldturda`zd. Bnon s` mhen
dlt`s, tnmns qu`r`ons s`lthr uld s`lsdbhòl m` bnonmhmdm y sdthsidbbhòl `l
lu`strn oulmn. ]da v`z ust`m quh`r` oäs m` an qu` s` bnlshm`rd suihbh`lt`
pdrd ad sdthsidbbhòl. Ad `lvhmhd y ans b`ans pu`m`l s`r pnm`rnsns s`lthoh`ltns
m` onthvdbhòl. Rupnlgdons qu` ust`m quh`r` `ltrdr `l ad g`sthòl m` su
nihbhld, quh`r` duo`ltdr su bnlihdlzd `l uld bnlv`rsdbhòl n m`jdt`, n tda v`z
ust`m quh`r` dtrd`r d `s` daguh`l `sp`bhda qu` kd t`lhmn su nen `l y quh`r`
 bnls`guhr y odlt`l`r su dt`lbhòl.
]da v`z r`dao`lt` quh`r`s s`r `a "daid" y s`r t`ohmn y r`sp`tdmn pnr tus

bna`gds y dohgns. ]da v`z quh`rds dabdlzdr tus nje`thvns pnr budaquh`r o`mhn.
Bnon k`ons vhstn, `a `stumhn m` ad pshbnangïd kuodld y `a tèrohln
"pshbnangïd nsburd" `s ouy dopahn y th`l` oubkds hlt`rpr`tdbhnl`s snjr` sus
är`ds m` `stumhn.
Rh uln `ltrd `l Hlt`rl`t, y shopa`o`lt` `sbrhj` "pshbnangïd nsburd" `l ad
jdrrd m` jõsqu`md, s`rä jnojdrm`dmn pnr vdrhns jangs, shthns w`j, ahjrns y
vïm`ns, qu` pu`m`l s`r oäs m`tdaadmns. Oubkns hlv`sthgdmnr`s kdl pdsdmn
tnmd su vhmd `stumhdlmn y m`onstrdlmn `stds tèblhbds.
Ad Hlt`rl`t, bnon budaquh`r r`bursn hlinrodthvn, vh`l` bnl uld `thqu`td m`
dmv`rt`lbhd bdsh sujbnlsbh`lt` m` "ans bnoprdmnr`s th`l`l buhmdmn". Rh jh`l
kdy oubkns hlv`sthgdmnr`s `xp`rho`ltdmns y m`mhbdmns, tdojhèl kdy
p`rsnlds qu` dihrodl t`l`r `xp`rh`lbhd m` trdjden y t`l`r sus prnphds
`xp`rh`lbhds y t`nrïds `l ad pshbnangïd nsburd, `l pdrthbuadr `l ads tèblhbds m`
odlhpuadbhòl y p`rsudshòl.
d su prnphd nphlhòl Rh jh`l`ltnmn
y `xp`rh`lbhd `a oulmn
an qu` r`sp`btdth`l` bh`rtdo`lt`
d `st` bdopn m` m`r`bkn
`stumhn,
a` bnrr`spnlm` d ust`m, inrodr su prnphd nphlhòl y `xp`rh`lbhds `l bdsn m`
qu` m`bhmd s`guhr hlv`sthgdlmn ad pshbnangïd nsburd.
Sshbnangïd Nsburd
Ru lnojr` pnr sï snan pu`m` kdb`r haïbhtns ans p`lsdoh`ltns l`gdthvns y ad
dv`rshòl d `st` t`od. Dsï bnon `xhst`l mhv`rsds nphlhnl`s snjr` ad uthahmdm y
ad r`vhshòl pnshthvd m` ads tèblhbds lnroda`s pdrthbuadr`s `l ad t`rdphd
pshbnaòghbd, bnon ad prngrdodbhòl l`urnahlgñïsthbd (SLA) n ad t`rdphd
bnglhthvn-bnlmubtuda (]BB), tdojhèl `xhst`l mhv`rsds nphlhnl`s snjr` `stds
ohsods t`rdphds qu` s` uthahzdl pdrd sus prnpòshtns "nsburns", bnon sh ad
pdadjrd "nsburn" m`jh`rd s`r ldturdao`lt` odavdmd. Ad pdadjrd "nsburn"
sh`opr` kd shmn dsnbhdmd bnl `a oda. Srnjdja`o`lt` s` pnmrïd `sbrhjhr ul
ahjrn `lt`rn snjr` `s` ohson t`od. Bnl `a tèrohln "t`rdphd nsburd", sus usns
pu`m`l s`r usdmns pdrd budaquh`r bnsd. @stä r`dao`lt` `l ads odlns m`a
usudrhn. Bdsh budaquh`r pdrt` m` ad pshbnangïd pu`m` s`r usdmd m` odl`rd
l`gdthvd.
Ans buatns kdl uthahzdmn dsp`btns m` ad ]BB y ad SLA pdrd bnltrnadr y
odlhpuadr d sus s`guhmnr`s y rnop`r sus m`i`lsds, pnr an qu` snl vual`rdja`s
y `stäl djh`rtns d ad sug`r`lbhd. Ydrhns gnjh`rlns m`a oulmn uthahzdl bh`rtds
 tèblhbds m` bnltrna o`ltda shghansn pdrd bnltrnadr d su g`lt` y m`struhr ad
mhs`lshòl. @xhst`l ans aadodmns "`xp`rtns" qu` dlulbhdl sus `xp`rh`lbhds m`

bnopr`lshòl m` ads inrods m` odlhpuadbhòl y pu`m`l `ls`ôdr d ntrns pdrd

qu` pu`mdl angrdr su nje`thvn m` "o`t`r d budaquh`rd `l ad bdod" n
"bnls`guhr an qu` quh`rdl".
Dsï bnon `a `stumhn m` ad pshbnangïd nsburd pu`m` s`r usdmn m` odl`rd
djushvd, tdojhèl pu`m` s`r usdmn m` odl`rd õtha.
Ad odlhpuadbhòl sutha pu`m` snldr odavdmd, p`rn ¾buältds v`b`s k`ons shmn
di`btdmns pnr ad odlhpuadbhòl, sòan pdrd v`r qu` da ihlda iu` j`l`ihbhnsd pdrd
lnsntrns>
Ans prni`snr`s kdl uthahzdmn `a r`iu`rzn pnshthvn pdrd duo`ltdr ad bnlihdlzd
m` sus dauolns y kdl uthahzdmn ad r`p`thbhòl `l sus a`bbhnl`s pdrd qu` sus
dauolns pu`mdl r`t`l`r o`enr an qu` s` a`s kd `ls`ôdmn. Ans pdmr`s kdl
usdmn ad tèblhbd m` ad r`bhpnbrdbhd pdrd kdb`r qu` sus khens kdgdl ads tdr`ds,
an qu` d su v`z pu`m` bnlstruhr su m`sdrrnaan o`ltda y m` bnopnrtdoh`ltn,
bnon ad bnopr`lshòl m`a vdanr m`a trdjden murn sh `std dbbhòl s` r`pht` uld y
ntrd v`z.
]dojhèl kdy quh`l`s uthahzdl ad p`rsudshòl `lbujh`rtd y ad odlhpuadbhòl `l
ads v`ltds, qu` knl`stdo`lt` quh`r`l ds`gurdrs` m` qu` pu`m`l `lbnltrdr `a
prnmubtn qu` o`enr s` dmdpt` d ans m`s`ns y l`b`shmdm`s m` sus bah`lt`s, dsï
bnon ans bdodr`rns m` r`stdurdlt`s qu` s` ds`gurdl m` qu` sus bah`lt`s s`dl
dt`lmhmns, oh`ltrds qu` ans prnphns bdodr`rns r`bhj`l ad prnphld dm`budmd
pnr su s`rvhbhn. Ad ]BB n SLA nsburd n ans prhlbhphns m` hliau`lbhd pu`m`l
s`r uthahzdmns pnr ad g`r`lbhd pdrd dyumdr d bnrr`ghr `a bnopnrtdoh`ltn m` ans
`opa`dmns y onthvdrans d s`r oäs prnmubthvns y pnshthvns. Ads bnopdôïds
kdl usdmn ad r`tòrhbd `l sus nihbhlds pdrd hlinrodr d ans `opa`dmns m` an qu`
sub`m` m`ltrn m` ad bnopdôïd y pdrd prnonv`r m`tdaa`s hopnrtdlt`s y
r`guadbhnl`s qu` s`rïdl dpdr`lt`o`lt` pnbn hlt`r`sdlt`s y oulmdlds.
M`ihlhthvdo`lt` pnm`ons usdr ad pshbnangïd nsburd d lu`strn idvnr `l lu`strd
vhmd mhdrhd y njt`l`r ln sòan an qu` qu`r`ons, shln qu` tdojhèl pnm`ons
j`l`ihbhdr d ntrns.
¾Buäa `s `a shguh`lt` pdsn> @a shguh`lt` pdsn `s bnlthludr bnl ad
hlv`sthgdbhòl m` ad pshbnangïd nsburd `l tnmds sus är`ds m` `stumhn y tèblhbds.
M`ltrn m` ul th`opn, pu`m`s `lbnltrdr uld tèblhbd n uld bnojhldbhòl bnl ad
qu` t` sh`ltds bòonmn y usdrad `l tu vhmd mhdrhd.
 ]nmn an qu` s` l`b`shtd pdrd v`r `a "admn nsburn" m` ad pshbnangïd nsburd y
v`r qu` ln `s l`b`sdrhdo`lt` odan r`quh`r` uld o`lt` djh`rtd y dgumd.

@lt`lm`r y mnohldr ad pshbnangïd nsburd ln `s dagn qu` m`jd t`o`rs`. An qu`

`s hopnrtdlt` da `stumhdr ad pshbnangïd nsburd `s `lt`lm`r tu prnphd hlt`lbhòl.
]dojhèl m`j`ons s`r bnlsbh`lt`s m` ads bnls`bu`lbhds budlmn usdons `stds
tèblhbds. Su`m` aa`vdrlns da èxhtn y d ad gdldlbhd, tdlghja` n ln. ]dojhèl
pu`m` aa`vdr d ad m`sbnlihdlzd, odans käjhtns m` l`gnbhns, pèrmhmd m`
r`adbhnl`s. Ad ahstd pu`m` bnlthludr. Bnon s`r`s kuodlns, da sdahr da oulmn,
t`l`ons ad bdpdbhmdm m` hlsphrdr n mdôdr `l jds` d lu`strns
bnopnrtdoh`ltns, p`lsdoh`ltns y dbbhnl`s. Rh usds `stds tèblhbds sdjhd y
`i`bthvdo`lt`, pu`m`s bnls`guhr an qu` quh`r`s.