Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Ministry of Education
Jazan University

Design Aids
of
Advanced concrete designs

(2024-2)
Pre-tension member
𝛥𝑓𝑝𝑇 = 𝛥𝑓𝑝𝑒 + 𝛥𝑓𝑝𝑠ℎ + 𝛥𝑓𝑝𝑐𝑟 + 𝛥𝑓𝑝𝑅 … … … … … . (7.3)
Where:

• 𝛥𝑓𝑝𝑒 : elastic shortening losses

• 𝛥𝑓𝑝𝑠ℎ : Shrinkage losses
• 𝛥𝑓𝑝𝑐𝑟 : creep losses
• 𝛥𝑓𝑝𝑅 : 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑥𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

Post-tension member
𝛥𝑓𝑝𝑇 = 𝛥𝑓𝑝𝐴 + 𝛥𝑓𝑝𝑒 + 𝛥𝑓𝑝𝑤 + 𝛥𝑓𝑝𝑓 + 𝛥𝑓𝑝𝑠ℎ + 𝛥𝑓𝑝𝑐𝑟 + 𝛥𝑓𝑝𝑅 … … … … … . (7.4)
Where:

• 𝛥𝑓𝑝𝐴 : anchorage slip losses

• 𝛥𝑓𝑝𝑓 : frictional curvature losses
• 𝛥𝑓𝑝𝑤 : wobble friction losses

The yield stress 𝒇𝒑𝒚 for stress relived steel equals to approximately 85% of 𝒇𝒑𝒖 and equal 90%
of 𝒇𝒑𝒖 for low relaxation steel

The initial prestressing force at the time of jacking equals:

𝒇𝒑𝒊 = 𝒔𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 ∶
• 0.7 x 𝒇𝒑𝒖
• 0.8 x 𝒇𝒑𝒚

7.5.2 Anchorage slip losses (A)

𝛥𝐴
𝛥𝑓𝑝𝐴 = 𝐸 … … … … … … … … … … … . . (7.5)
𝐿 𝑝
Where:

• 𝛥𝐴 = 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑖𝑝
• 𝐿 = 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ (𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑)
• 𝐸𝑝 = 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙
7.5.4 Wobble Friction Losses (W)

𝑃𝑥 = 𝑃𝑜 𝑒 −𝑘𝑥 … … … … … … … … … … … … … . . (7.11)
Where:

• 𝑃𝑥 : 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑥
• 𝑃𝑜 : 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒 𝑃𝑥 𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑒
• 𝑥: 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑑
• 𝐾: 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑤𝑜𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡:
o 0.0033 for ordinary cable
o 0.0017 for fixed ducts

The wobble losses equal:

𝛥𝑓𝑝𝑤 = 𝑃𝑜 − 𝑃𝑥 … … … … … … … … … … … … … . . (7.12)

7.5.5 Curvature Friction Losses (F)

−𝜇𝑥
𝑃𝑥 = 𝑃𝑜 𝑒 ( ) … … … … … … … … … … … … … . . (7.13)
𝑟𝑝𝑠
Where:

• 𝑟𝑝𝑠 : 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑠

• 𝜇: 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡
o 𝜇 = 0.55 → 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒
o 𝜇 = 0.3 → 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙
o 𝜇 = 0.25 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑑
𝜇𝑥
• : 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
𝑟𝑝𝑠

𝜇𝑥
𝑖𝑓 ≤ 0.2 … … … … … … … 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦:
𝑟𝑝𝑠
𝜇𝑥
𝑃𝑥 = 𝑃𝑜 𝑒 (1 − ) … … … … … … … … … … … … … . . (7.14)
𝑟𝑝𝑠
𝛥𝑓𝑝𝑓 = 𝑃𝑜 − 𝑃𝑥 … … … … … … … … … … … … … . . (7.15)

𝜇. 𝑥
𝛥𝑃𝑥 = 𝑃𝑜 (1 − (𝑘. 𝑥 + )) … … … … … … … … … … (7.16)
𝑟𝑝𝑠
The wobble and curvature can be in one formula by:
𝜇.𝑥
𝑖𝑓 (𝑘. 𝑥 + ) . ≤ 0.2 … … (7.17) … … … 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦:
𝑟 𝑝𝑠

𝜇. 𝑥
𝛥𝑓𝑝(𝑤+𝑓) = 𝑃𝑜 (𝑘. 𝑥 + ) … … … … … … … … … … (7.18)
𝑟𝑝𝑠
𝛥𝑓𝑝(𝑤+𝑓) = 𝑃𝑜 − 𝑃𝑥 … … … … … … … … … … (7.19)

The curvature of the tendon is based on that of circular arc, then:

𝐿 ≈ 𝑟𝑝𝑠 . 𝜃
𝐿 𝐿2
𝑟𝑝𝑠 ≈ = … … … … … … … … … … … … . (7.26)
𝜃 8𝛥𝑚
7.5.3 Elastic shortening losses (e)
𝐸𝑝
𝛥𝑓𝑝𝑒 = 𝑓 … (𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑒 − 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛) … … … … … . . (7.8)
𝐸𝑐𝑖 𝑝𝑐𝑖
1 𝐸𝑝
𝛥𝑓𝑝𝑒 = 𝑓 … (𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛) … … … … … . . (7.10)
2 𝐸𝑐𝑖 𝑝𝑐𝑖
𝑃𝑖 𝑃 𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 𝑒 𝑀𝑜𝑤 𝑥 𝑒
𝑓𝑃𝑐𝑖 = − − + … … … … . . … … … … … . . (7.9)
𝐴 𝐼 𝐼
Where:

• 𝐸𝑐𝑖 : 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑙𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 at the time of transfer

𝐸𝑐𝑖 = 4400√𝑓𝑐𝑢𝑖
• 𝑃: 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
𝑃𝑖 = 𝑓𝑝 𝑥 𝐴𝑃𝑠
• 𝐸𝑝 : 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙
• 𝑓𝑝𝑐𝑖 : 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚

7.5.7 Creep losses (CR)

𝑃𝑒 𝑃 𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 𝑒 𝑀𝑜𝑤 𝑥 𝑒
𝑓𝑃𝑐𝑠 = − − + … … … … . . … … … … … . . (7.9)
𝐴 𝐼 𝐼
Where:

• 𝐸𝑐𝑖 : 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑙𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 at the time of transfer

𝐸𝑐 = 4400√𝑓𝑐𝑢
• 𝑃: 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
𝑃𝑒 = 𝑓𝑝𝑖 𝑥 𝐴𝑃𝑠
• 𝐸𝑝 : 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙
• 𝑓𝑝𝑖 : 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚
𝑓𝑝𝑖 = 𝑓𝑝 − 𝛥𝑓𝑝𝑒
𝜀𝑐𝑟
𝜙= … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . (7.28)
𝜀𝑒𝑙
Where:

• 𝜀𝑐𝑟 : 𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑝 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛

• 𝜀𝑒𝑙 : 𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛
• 𝜙: 𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑝 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 (1.5 → 3):
• 𝜙 = 2.0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 (𝑝𝑟𝑒 − 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑑)
• 𝜙 = 1.6 𝑓𝑜𝑟 (𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑑)

𝜙𝐸𝑃
𝛥𝑓𝑝𝑐𝑟 = 𝑓𝑐𝑠 … … … … … … … … … … (7.30)
𝐸𝑐
Where:

• 𝐸𝑃 : 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦

• 𝐸𝑐 : 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
• 𝑓𝑐𝑠 : 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑠.

7.5.8 Steel relaxation losses (R)

𝑓𝑝𝑖 𝑥 log 𝑡 𝑓𝑝𝑖

𝛥𝑓𝑝𝑅 = ( − 0.55) … … … … … … … … … … (7.30)
𝐾1 𝑓𝑝𝑦
Where:

• 𝛥𝑓𝑝𝑅 : 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑥𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑥𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

• 𝛥𝑓𝑝𝑖 : : 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠
𝛥𝑓𝑝𝑖 = 𝑓𝑝 − 𝛥𝑓𝑝𝑒
• 𝑡: : 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑝𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 (max 1000 ℎ𝑟𝑠)
 • 𝐾1 : : 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 ∶
• 10 for normal relaxation stress relived strands
• 45 for low relaxation stress relived

7.5.6 Shrinkage losses (sh)

The shrinkage losses are approximately:
• 7 % (pre-tensioned)
• 5 % (post-tensioned)
Table 1 Values of the shrinkage strain 𝜀𝑠ℎ
Prestressing system Shrinkage strain
Pre-tensioned members (3-5 days after
300 𝑥 10−6
casting)
Post-tensioned members (7-14 days
200 𝑥 10−6
after casting)

𝛥𝑓𝑝𝑠ℎ = 𝜀𝑠ℎ 𝑥 𝐸𝑃 … … … … … … … … … … (7.27)

7.6.3.1 Strut and Tie Method
𝑃
𝑃
𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = → 𝑥 = 2 … … … … … … … … (1)
2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃

𝑃
𝑃
𝑇𝑏 = 𝑥 ∗ (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) → 𝑇𝑏 = 2 ∗ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 → 𝑇𝑏 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 … (2)
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 2

𝑡 ℎ
− 2(𝑡 − ℎ) 1 ℎ
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 4 𝑡 4 = → 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = (1 − )
4𝑡 2 𝑡
2
𝑃 1 ℎ
𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 2 → 𝑇𝑏 = ∗ (1 − )
2 2 𝑡

𝒉
𝑻𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 𝑷 (𝟏 − ) … … … … … … … … … … (… . . )
𝒕

7.6.3.1 Beam analogy Method

𝑡
𝑀𝑖𝑛 𝑡 = 𝑇𝑏 ∗ … … … … … … … … … … (1)
2

𝑃 𝑡 𝑡 𝑃 ℎ ℎ 𝑃𝑡 𝑃ℎ
𝑀𝑒𝑥 𝑡 = ( ∗ ) ∗ − ( ∗ ) ∗ → 𝑀𝑒𝑥 𝑡 = − … … (2)
𝑡 2 4 ℎ 2 4 8 8

𝑃
𝑀𝑒𝑥 𝑡 = (𝑡 − ℎ) … … … … … … … … … … (2)
8
𝑡 𝑃
𝑀𝑖𝑛 𝑡 = 𝑀𝑒𝑥 𝑡 → 𝑇𝑏 ∗ = (𝑡 − ℎ)
2 8

𝑷 𝒕 𝒉 𝑷
𝑴𝒃 = ( − ) = (𝒕 − 𝒉) … … … … … … … … … … (𝟕. 𝟑𝟓)
𝟐 𝟒 𝟒 𝟖

𝑴𝒃 𝒉
𝑻𝒃 = = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 𝑷 (𝟏 − ) … … … … … … … … … … (𝟕. 𝟑𝟔)
𝒕/𝟐 𝒕
Bearing stress
1.2 𝑥 𝑃𝑗
𝑓𝑏 =
𝐴1

𝑓𝑐𝑢 𝐴2
𝑓𝑏𝑐𝑢 = 0.67 √
1.5 𝐴1

𝐴2
𝑓𝑏𝑐𝑢 = 0.53𝑓𝑐 √
𝐴1

Area steel bar

𝑇𝑏
𝐴𝑠𝑡 =
𝑓𝑠
 FLEXURAL IN PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAM

General formula
𝑃 𝑃∗𝑒 𝑀∗𝑦
𝑓=− ∓ ∓ … … … … … … … … . . (8.1)
𝐴 𝐼 𝐼

𝐼 𝐼
𝑍𝑏𝑜𝑡 = , 𝑍𝑇𝑜𝑝 =
𝑦𝑏𝑜𝑡 𝑦𝑇𝑜𝑝

Allowable steel stresses

𝑓𝑝𝑦
= 0.8 → 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝒅𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒆𝒅 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠.
𝑓𝑝𝑢

𝑓𝑝𝑦
= 0.85 → 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑥𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 − 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑠, 𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠.
𝑓𝑝𝑢

𝑓𝑝𝑦
= 0.9 → 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝒍𝒐𝒘 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑥𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 − 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑠, 𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠.
𝑓𝑝𝑢

Allowable tensile stresses for prestressing steel

Maximum stress produced by jacking (before

0.9 𝑓𝑝𝑦 𝑜𝑟 0.75 𝑓𝑝𝑢
transfer)

Maximum tendon stress at tensioning process 0.70 𝑓𝑝𝑢

Maximum tendon stress immediately after

0.8 𝑓𝑝𝑦 𝑜𝑟 0.70 𝑓𝑝𝑢
transfer not to exceed the smaller of

Maximum stress at post-tensioned tendon at

anchorages and couplers immediately after
0.8 𝑓𝑝𝑦 𝑜𝑟 0.70 𝑓𝑝𝑢
anchorage of the tendons not to exceeds the
smaller of
Allowable concrete stresses
• CASE (A): Full Prestressing
These are elements in which there is no tensile stresses are allowed (developed tensile
stress equals to zero). These elements are:
o Structural elements subjected to cyclic or dynamic loads.
o Structures with tension side severely exposed to corrosive environment of strong
chemical attack which cause rusting of steel (category four according to ECP 203).

• CASE (B): Uncracked Section

These are elements in which the tensile stresses due to all loads are less than:

0.44√𝑓𝑐𝑢 . . . . . . . . … … … . . . . . … … … … … . . . . (8.4a)
Examples of structural elements deigned according to case B are:
o Solid slabs and flat slabs.
o Prestressed concrete elements with unbonded tendons.
o Structures with severely exposed tension side (category three according to ECP
203).

• Case (C): An intermediate case between full and partial prestressing

o Structural elements are subjected to tensile stresses larger than case B but less than
the cracking strength of concrete given by:

𝑓𝑐𝑟𝑢 = 0.6√𝑓𝑐𝑢 ≤ 4 𝑀𝑝𝑎 . . . . . . . . . . . … … … … … . . … … … (8.4b)

• Case (D): Cracked sections (Partial prestressing)

o These are elements in which the tensile stresses due to all loads (using uncracked
sections properties, 𝐼𝑔 ), are less than 0.85 √𝑓𝑐𝑢 .
Allowable concrete stresses (N/mm2) (table 8.2)
Calculation of stresses at TRANSFER

𝑃𝑖 𝑃𝑖 ∗ 𝑒 𝑀𝑂𝑊
𝑓𝑏𝑜𝑡 = − − + ≤ 0.45𝑓𝑐𝑢𝑖 (8.5)
𝐴 𝑍𝑏𝑜𝑡 𝑍𝑏𝑜𝑡

𝑃𝑖 𝑃𝑖 ∗ 𝑒 𝑀𝑂𝑊
𝑓𝑇𝑂𝑃 = − − + ≤ 0.22 √𝑓𝑐𝑢𝑖 (8.6)
𝐴 𝑍𝑇𝑜𝑝 𝑍𝑇𝑜𝑝

Calculation of stresses at Full Surface LAOD

𝑃𝑒 𝑃𝑒 ∗ 𝑒 𝑀𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑓𝑇𝑜𝑝 = − + − (8.8)
𝐴 𝑍𝑇𝑜𝑝 𝑍𝑇𝑜𝑝

𝑃𝑒 𝑃𝑒 ∗ 𝑒 𝑀𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑓𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = − − + (8.9)
𝐴 𝑍𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 𝑍𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚