BIO-GAS GENERATE

FROM
FOOD WASTE
 PREPARED BY:

1)VAIDYA SHRADDHA 110230113014

2)PATEL MIKIN 110230113022
3)JIKADRA AKSHAY 110230113046
4)GHOGHARI VIRAL 110230113052
 CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 BIO-GAS PRODUCTION PROCESS
 FOOD WASTE COLLECTION
 DIGESTION PROCESS
 BIOLOGICAL PROCESS
 LITERATURE REVIEW
 MATERIAL AND METHOD OF BIO-GAS
PRODUCTION
 INTRODUCTION
• To reduce scarcity of petroleum and coal, use renewable energy sources
like ; solar , wind ,thermal ,hydropower and biogas.

• Biogas is the better option from other renewable energies because of its
characteristics of using, controlling and collecting organic wastes and at the
same time producing fertilizer and water for use in agricultural irrigation.

• Due to Deforestation decrease fertility of land by soil erosion and also

create global warming effect. So we need ecofriendly substitute for energy.

• In most of cities and places, kitchen waste is disposed in landfill or

discarded which causes the public health hazards and diseases like malaria,
cholera, typhoid. It emits unpleasant odor & methane which is a major
greenhouse gas contributing to global warming.
• Kitchen waste is organic material having the high calorific value
and nutrients.

 In our city, many hotels are working and all having their own
individual mess, From where daily a large amount of kitchen
waste/food waste is obtained which can be utilized for better
purpose.

• Biogas production facility for obtaining biogas from food waste

which will be more cost effective, cut down on landfill waste,
generate a high-quality renewable fuel (Biogas), and reduce
carbon dioxide & methane emissions.

• Kitchen waste (food waste) is collected from Hotel’s mess as

feedstock for our reactor which works as anaerobic digester
system to produce biogas energy.
 BIO-GAS PRODUCTION PROCESS
A typical biogas system consists of the following
components:

Food waste collection.

Anaerobic digestion.
Effluent storage.
Gas handling.
Gas use.
 FOOD WASTE COLLECTION
There are number of small and
luxurious hotels and restaurants in our
city and all having their own individual
mess, From where daily a large amount
of kitchen waste/food waste is
obtained.

The waste used in this study is

collected from Dev Restaurant, surat.
 DIGESTION PROCESS
There are 2 types of digestion process:
1. Aerobic digestion.
2. Anaerobic digestion.

 The digestion process occurring in presence of Oxygen is called

Aerobic digestion and produces mixtures of gases having carbon
dioxide (CO2) which is one of the most “green house” gas
responsible for global warming.

 The digestion process occurring without (absence) oxygen is called

Anaerobic digestion which generates mixtures of gases mainly
methane is present which burned at normal room temperature.
 ANAEROBIC DIGESTION:

• Anaerobic digestion (AD) is historically one of the

oldest processing technologies used by mankind. It is
also referred to as biomethanization, is a natural
process that takes place in absence of air (oxygen). It
involves biochemical decomposition of complex
organic material by various biochemical processes
with release of energy rich biogas and production of
nutrious effluents.
 BIOLOGICAL PROCESS:

HYDROLYSIS :- Hydrolysis is a reaction that breaks down the complex organic

molecules into soluble monomers. Bacteria decompose long chains of complex
carbohydrates, proteins, & lipids into small chains. For example, Polysaccharides
are converted into monosaccharide.

ACITOGENESIS :-This stage is facilitated by microorganisms known as acitogenic

bacteria that transform the products of the hydrolysis into simple organic acids
such as acetic, propionic and butyric acid as well as ethanol, carbon dioxide and
hydrogen. Acid forming stage comprises two reactions, fermentation and the
Acetogenesis reactions.

METHANOGENESIS :-Methanogenesis is a reaction facilitated by the methanogenic

microorganisms that convert soluble organic matter into methane. Two thirds of
the total methane produced is derived by converting the acetic acid or by
fermentation of alcohol formed in the second stage. Finally, produced methane is a
result of the reduction of the carbon dioxide by hydrogen.
PROCESS DIAGRAM
 LITERATURE REVIEW
• Govt. of India‘s report(2002) on ―Evaluation Study On National Project
on Biogas Development, presents a preliminary study of two highly
successful rural biogas models wherein biogas is produced and utilized as
a cooking fuel by the villagers.

• Various aspects including design, operation, economics and benefits to

the stakeholders had been described. The report ends with a comparison
of the two models studied on the basis of their design, vision,
performance, economics and benefits.

• The two models were studied and Biogas plant established by SUMUL
Dairy at Bhintbudrak, Gujarat . the Individual Biogas plants established
by Bhagirath Pratisthan (an NGO) in south Konkan region of
Maharashtra.
• Reinhard Madlenera , et al. (2006) compares multi-criteria
decision aiding (MCDA) and data envelopment analysis (DEA)
approaches for assessing renewable energy plants, in order to
determine their performance in terms of economic,
environmental, and social criteria and indicators.

• Sagagi, et al. (2009) presented results of the study on biogas

production from fruits and vegetables waste materials and their
effect on plants when used as fertilizer (Using digested and
undigested sludge).

• Suyog Vij (2010-11) present this Project was to create an organic

processing facility to create biogas which will be more cost
effective, eco-friendly, cut down on landfill waste, generate a high-
quality renewable fuel, and reduce carbon dioxide & methane
emissions.
• The anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste produces biogas, which
consist of primarily methane (CH4) & carbon dioxide (CO2).

• Biogas can be used as energy source and also for numerous

purposes. The continuously-fed digester requires addition of
sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to maintain the alkalinity and pH to 7.

• If gas is not produced directely , we have prepared our Inoculum

of cow dung slurry along with the kitchen waste was added to
develop our own Inoculum.

• A combination of these mixed inoculum was used for biogas

production at 37°C in laboratory (small scale) reactor (20L
capacity).
 MATERIAL AND METHOD OF BIO-GAS
PRODUCTION
 SOURCES AND GENERATION OF FOOD
WASTE: Food waste which includes
vegetables, fruits and other items is taken
for studies. Many hotels, restaurants,
college canteen, having their own individual
mess, where daily a large amount of kitchen
waste/food waste is produce which can be
utilized for better purpose.

 SAMPLE COLLECTION: Samples of food

waste about 15 kg of waste items collected
are categorized as vegetables, fruits, cooked
rice, other un-cooked food items which
mixing together with water and make it in
semi solid state.
 FOOD WASTE CHARACTERIZATION:

DIGESTER SET-UP: Anaerobic reactor made from cylindrical 20 liter

water bottle which is colored with black color that’s why to avoid entry of
direct sunlight and escape of process heat. Reactor system for Anaerobic
digester of Food waste with arrangement for feed by using 20 liter
container (used for drinking water storage). Solid tape, M – seal, PVC pipe
0.5’’, Rubber or plastic cape (to seal container), Funnel (for feed input),
Cape 0.5” (to seal effluent pipe), Pipe (for gas output), tyre tube for gas
collection.
DIGESTER OPERATION: The Food waste slurry was fed to
the reactor from the top by a one way funnel and mixed well for
obtaining proper environment for anaerobic digestion. During
anaerobic digestion, hydrolysis, acidogenesis and methanogenesis
stages take place. Finally, a high-quality renewable fuel (Biogas) like
Methane obtained with little quantity of carbon dioxide.
BIO-GAS COLLECTION:

The generated bio-gas in

digester is collected in tyre tube
as shown in picture. We can
change the collection section as
per bio-gas requirement.

Here, we are taking tyre tube

for gas collection due to small
scale bio-gas plant.
ANALYTICAL METHODS &
CALCULATIONS
THANK YOU