toHoauFwrsm; 11

toHoauFwrsm;
toHoauFwrsm;onf wpfajy;nDrjzpfbJ ]wpfausmif;wpf*gxm?
wpf&Gmwpfyk'fqef;} jzpfonf/ uRefawmfonf tv,fwef;ausmif;om;
b0uwnf;upí Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary udk
vufpGJxm;okH;cJhol jzpfonf/ odkYaomf ¤if;tbd"mefu vltrnf? NrdKUtrnf
ponfh wpfOD;qdkifemrfrsm;udk rjyojzifh uRefawmfpma&;onfhtcg rvTJom
ra&Smifomygvmaom trnfrsm; toHvS,fa&;twGuf wpfOD;qdkifemrf
rsm;jyonfh Webster’s New World Dictionary udk udk;um;&onf/
xdktbd"mefu tokH;jyKaom toHoauFwrsm;onf Oxford uok;H aom
oauFwrsm;ESihf rwlay/ ,cif ]t*FvdyftoH trSefxGufapzdkY} rSmaum?
,ck ]t*FvdyftoHtrSef xGufapzdkY} twGJ (2) rSmaum tokH;jyKaom t
oHoauFwrsm;onf Oxford uokH;aom oauFwrsm; jzpfygonf/
Asnf; (consonant) toHrsm; 24 ck
oauFw(p)\ toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (pen) ^pen^rSmygonfh
toHjzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (y)oH jzpfonf/ rsO;f apmif; ^..^twGi;f jyxm;
12 t*FvdyftoH trSefxGufapzdkY

aomt&mrsm;onf toHaA'oauFwrsm; jzpfonf/ (wpfcgwpf&H oauF

wrsm;onf t*FvdyfpmESifhwlaomfvnf; ra&maxG;&efvdkonf/)
oauFw(b)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH;(bad) ^bæd^ rSmygonfh
toH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (b)oHjzpfonf/
oauFw(t)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (tea) ^ti:^ rSmygonfh
toH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (w)oHjzpfonf/
oauFw(d)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (did) ^dɪd^ rSmygonfh
toH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk ('^")oHjzpfonf/
oauFw(k)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH;(cat) ^kæt^ rSmygonfh
toH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (u^c)oHjzpfonf/
oauFw(g)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (got) ^gɒt^ rSmygonfh
toH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (*)oHjzpfonf/
oauFw(tʃ)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (chain)^tʃeɪn^ rSmyg
onfh toHjzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (cs)oHjzpfonf/
oauFw(dʒ)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (jam)^dʒæm^rSmyg
onfh toHjzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (*s)oHjzpfonf/
oauFw(f)\ toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (fall)^fɔ:l^rSmygonfh
toH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (z)oHjzpfonf/
oauFw(v)\toHonf t*Fvyd pf mvk;H (van)^væn^rSmygonfh
toH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (A)oHjzpfonf/
oauFw(θ)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (thin)^θɪn^rSmygonfh
toH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (o)oHjzpfonf/
 toHoauFwrsm; 13

oauFw(ð)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (this)^ðɪs^rSmygonfh

toH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (ó)oHjzpfonf/
oauFw(s)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (so)^səʋ^rSmygonfh
toH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (p^q)oHjzpfonf/
oauFw(z)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (zoo)^zu:^rSmygonfh
toH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (Z)oHjzpfonf/
oauFw(ʃ)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (shoe)^ʃu:^rSmygonfh
toH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (&S)oHjzpfonf/
oauFw(ʒ)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH;(vision) ^vɪʒn^rSmyg
onfh toHjzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (ps)oHjzpfonf/
oauFw(h)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (hat)^hæt^rSmygonfh
toH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk ([)oHjzpfonf/
oauFw(m)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (man)^mæn^ rSmyg
onfh toHjzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (r)oHjzpfonf/
oauFw(n)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (no)^nəʋ^rSmygonfh
toH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (e)oHjzpfonf/
oauFw(ŋ)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (sing)^sɪŋ^rSmygonfh
toH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdkajym&cufaom toHjzpfonf/ (ng)\ ESmacgif;
oHESifhqkH;aom toHrsKd;jzpfonf/
oauFw(l)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (leg) ^leg^rSmygonfh
toH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (v)oHjzpfonf/
oauFw(r)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (red)^red^rSmygonfh
14 t*FvdyftoH trSefxGufapzdkY

toH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (&)oHjzpfonf/

oauFw(j)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (yes)^jes^rSmygonfh
toH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (,)oHjzpfonf/
oauFw(w)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (wet)^wet^rSmygonfh
toH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (0)oHjzpfonf/
rSwfcsuf/ oauFwrsm;udk t*Fvdyftu©&m (a,b,c,d)ESifh ra&maxG;&ef
vdkonf/ oauFw(j)udk t*Fvdyftu©&m (J)ESifh a&maxG;avY&Sdonf/
^jet^ [k jyxm;onfudk (,uf)[k toHxGuf&rnfhtpm; (*suf)[k rSm;
xGufavY&Sdonf/
o&oHrsm; (vowels and dipthongs)22ck
oauFw(i:)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (see)(qD;)^si:^rSmyg
onfh toHjzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (tD;)oHjzpfonf/
oauFw(i)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (happy) ([ufyD)
^hæpi^rSm ygonfhtoH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (tD)oHjzpffonf/
oauFw(ɪ)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (sit) (qpfwf)^sɪt^ rSm
ygonfhtoH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (td)oHESifheD;pyfonf/
oauFw(e)\toHonf t*Fvyd pf mvk;H (ten) (wJe;f ) ^ten^rSm
ygonfh toHjzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk(tJef;)oH jzpfonf/ þtoHonf jrefrm
pum;wGif r&Sday/ jrefrmrsm;(n)wdkY (m)wdkY (man)wdkY toHrsm;udk xGuf
wwfaeNyDjzpfí xdk (tJef)wdkY (tJrf)wdkY (rJef;)wdkYtwdkif; toHxGuf&ef jzpf
onf/
 toHoauFwrsm; 15

oauFw(æ)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (cat)(uufwf)^kæt^

rSm ygonfhtoH jzpfonf/ (æ)onf(a)\ toHjyif;jzpfonf/ (a)\ toH
aysmhonff(ə) jzpfonf/ (at)(tufwf)udk toHaysmhxGufvQif (ət)ESifhjyNyD;
toHjyif;xGufvQif (æt)ESifhjyonf/ xdkYaMumifh a,bk,stm;jzifh (æ)ae
&mwGif (a)tpm;xdk;xnfhNyD; pOf;pm;Edkifonf/
oauFw(ɑ:)\toHonf t*Fvyd pf mvk;H (father) (zm;óm;)
^fɑ:ðə(r)^ rSmygonfhtoH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (tm;)oHjzpfonf/ t*F
vdyfpmvkH; (ar)ESifhvnf; tpm;xdk;MunfhEdkifonf/
oauFw(ɒ)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (got)(a*gYwf)^gɒt^ rSm
ygonfhtoH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (atmh)oHjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf toHwdk
toHjywfjzpfonf/
oauFw(ɔ:)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (saw)(aqm)^sɔ:^rSm
ygonfh toHjzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (atm)oHjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf toH&Snf
jzpfonf/
oauFw(ʋ)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (put) (yGwf) ^pʋt^rSm
ygonfhtoH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (tk)oHESifh eD;pyfonf/ ¤if;onfvnf;
toHjywf jzpfonf/
oauFw(u)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (actual) (tufcfcsL&,fvf)
^æktʃuəl^ rSm ygonfhtoH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (tl)oHjzpfonf/ ¤if;
onf (ʋ)xufydkNyD; toH&Snfonf/
oauFw(u:)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (too) (wl;) ^tu:^rSmyg
onfh toHjzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (tl;)oHjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf (u)xufydkNyD;
toH&Snfonf/
16 t*FvdyftoH trSefxGufapzdkY

oauFw(ʌ)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (cup)(uyfyf) ^kʌp^

rSm ygonfhtoHjzpfonf/ t*FvdyfpmvkH;(un)wdkY (up)wdkYudk oauFwtae
ESifh ^ʌn^wdkY ^ʌp^wdkYjzifh jyojzifh (ʌ)\ toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH;(u)\
toHjzpfonf/
oauFw(ɜ:)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (bird) (bmh'f)
^bɜ:d^ rSm ygonfhtoH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (tm;)oH jzpfonf/
oauFw (ɑ:)vnf; (tm;)oHjzpfojzifh wlovdkvdkjzpfaomfvnf; (ɑ:)u
t*Fvdyfvdk (ar)ESifhwlNyD; (ɜ:)u t*Fvdyfvdk(ur)ESifh wlonf/ (ar)u yg;pyf
zsm;uvmNyD; (ur)u vnfacsmif;xJuvmonf/
oauFw(ə)\toHonf t*Fvyd pf mvk;H (about) (tabmuf)
^ə'baʋt^ rSm ygonfhtoH jzpfonf/ 'DoauFwudk (&Tm;)(schwa)[k
ac:NyD; tokH;trsm;qkH;oauFw jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (t) oHjzpfí ¤if;
ESifh aygif;pyfaom Asnf;wGif tjcm;o&oHr&SdawmhbJ Asnf;oHoufouf
yJ usefonf/ t*FvdyfpmvkH;(a)\ toHaysmhvnf; jzpfonf/
oauFw(eɪ)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (say)(aq;)^seɪ^ rSm
ygonfhtoH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk(at;)oH jzpfonf/
oauFw(əʋ)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (go) (*dk;)^gəʋ^rSm yg
onfhtoH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk(tdk;)oH jzpfonf/
oauFw(aɪ)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (five) (zdkufAf)^faɪv^
rSm ygonfhtoH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (tdkif;)oH jzpfonf/
oauFw(aʋ)\ toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (now) (aemif;)
^naʋ^rSm ygonfhtoH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (atmif;)oH jzpfonf/
oauFw(ɔɪ)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (boy) (bGdKif;) ^bɔɪ^
 toHoauFwrsm; 17

rSm ygonfhtoH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (tGdKif;)oH jzpfonf/

oauFw(ɪə)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (near) (eD;,m)
^nɪə(r)^rSm ygonfhtoHjzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (tD;,m)oHjzpfonf/ (,m)
oHonf zGxGuf&rnfhtoH jzpfonf/
oauFw(eə)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (hair) ([J,m)
^heə(r)^ rSm ygonfhtoH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (tJ,m)oH jzpfonf/
(,m) oHonf zGxGuf&rnfhtoHjzpfonf/
oauFw(ʋə)\toHonf t*FvdyfpmvkH; (pure)(ysL;0g) ^pjʋə
(r)^ rSmygonfhtoH jzpfonf/ jrefrmvdk (tl;0g)oHjzpfonf/ 'Dae&mwGif
^j^onf (,)oHr[kwfbJ (,yifh) (-s)oH jzpfonf/ (0g)oHonf zGxGuf&
rnfhtoH jzpfonf/
18 t*FvdyftoH trSefxGufapzdkY