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jrefrmhausmufpdrf;

wGif;0rS aps;uGufodkYtqifhqifhjzwfoef;ykkH
tusOf;csKyf

ausmufpdrf;xGuf&Sd&ma'o
wl;azmfxkwfvkyfolrsm;

jrefrmhausmufrsuf&wema&mif;0,fa&;vkkyfief;
jrefrmhausmufpdrf; wGif;0rS aps;uGufodkY
tqifhqifhjzwfoef;ykkH cGifhjyKxm;onfh ausmufpdrf;xkkwfvkyfcGifhygrpf

a&raq;
jrefrmhausmufpdrf;vkkyfief;onf ESpfpOf a':vm bDvD,HESifhcsD
0ifaiG&Sdonfhvkyfief;jzpfaomfvnf;? tjrwftpGef;tpdwftykkdif; ausmufpdrf;wl;azmfa&;vkkyfief; a'ocH&yf&Gmrsm;ay: qkkd;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;
tenf;i,fomvQif EkkdifiHom;rsm;twGuf aumif;usdK; jzpfxGef;
aponf/ ausmufpdrf;vkkyfief;onf obm0ywf0ef;usifudk ausmufpdrf;ESifh jrefrmEkkdifiHy#dyu©tcsdwftquf
xdckdufaponf/ t*wdvdkufpm;rII? y#dyu©rsm;ESifh vlrIa&; ausmufpdrf;u@rS tpkkd;&&&SdonfhtcGefyrm%
jyóemrsm;udk jzpfaponf/
Cover photo: Zaw Moe Htet for NRGI

tpkkd;&onf ausmufpdrf;u@rS tcGef0ifaiG &oifhoavmuf&aeygovm;

ausmufpdrf; ta&mif;t0,fjyKvkkyfonfhae&m

Minzayar for NRGI


0,fvuf

ausmufpdrf;tokkH;csykkH
tdE´d,
cr®wD;
zm;uefY
b*Fvm;a'h&Sf w&kwf
rkd;n§if; jrpfBuD;em;

rEÅav;

ausmufpdrf;xGuf&Sd&m a'o AD,uferf


aejynfawmf
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urÇmay:&Sd ausmufpdrf; 90 &mckkdifEIef;udk jrefrmEkkdifiHrS
xkkwfvkyfonf/ ucsifjynfe,fESifh ppfukdif;wkkdif;a'oBuD;wGif
&efukef
t"duwl;azmf xkkwfvkyfonf/ ausmufpdrf;xkkwfvkyf&ma'o
2 ckkvkH;onf EkkdifiHajrmufykdif;wGif&Sdonf/

xkdif;

uarÇm'D;,m;
ausmufpdrf;xkwfvkyf&ma'o
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wl;azmfxkwfvkyfolrsm;

ausmufpdrf;xkkwfvkyfcGifh&xm;onfh ukkrÜPD&mESifhcsDNyD;
&Sdonf/ ,if;ukkrÜPDrsm;onf ukkrÜPDwckkcsif; okkdYr[kkwf
jrefrmhausmufrsuf&wem a&mif;0,fa&;vkkyfief;ESifh
tusdK;wlyl;aygif;vsuf wl;azmfonfhukrÜPDrsm;jzpfonf/

Zaw Moe Htet for NRGI


tusdK;wlyl;aygif;jcif; - &S,f,mykkdifqkdifrI oD;oefY&Sdonfh trsm;ydkfif
odkYr[kkwf ykk*¾vduykkdif ukkrÜPDrsm;Mum; wl;azmfa&;wckkudk twlwuG
jyKvkkyf&ef oabmwlonfhoabmwlnDcsuf/
jrefrmhausmufrsuf&wem a&mif;0,fa&;vkkyfief;

obm0o,HZmwESifh ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;
0efBuD;Xmevufatmuf&Sd EkkdifiHykdifvkyfief;wckkjzpfonf/
ykk*¾vduukkrÜPDrsm;ESifh tusdK;wlvkyfief;rsm; aqmif&Guf&mwGif
jrefrmhausmufrsuf&wem a&mif;0,fa&;vkkyfief;rS
&S,f,m&Siftjzpf yg0ifonf/ pnf;urf;ykkdif;BuD;Muyfjcif;?
tcGefaumufcHjcif;wkkdYudk jyKvkkyfjcif;aMumifh ausmufpdrf;
vkkyfief;wGif ta&;tBuD;qkkH; tpkktzJGU jzpfonf/

Zaw Moe Htet for NRGI


ESpftvkdufygrpfta&twGuftajymif;tvJ

25,000

cGifhjyKxm;onfh ausmufpdrf;xkkwfvkyfcGifhygrpf 21,000+

20,000
<17,000

ygrpfta&twGuf
2016 tapmykkdif;xd pm&if;rsm;t& oufwrf;rukkefao;onfh
ausmufpdrf;wl;azmfcGifh ygrpf21000 &Sdonf/ 2016
15,000
ESpfv,fykdif;wGif ygrpftopfrsm; csxm;ay;jcif;?
oufwrf; wkkd;ay;jcif;wkkdYudk &yfqkdif;vkkdufcsdefrSpNyD;
ta&twGuf usqif;vmonf/ ygrpfta&twGuf
avsmhusoGm;onfhwkdifatmif tpdk;&taejzifh ausmufpdrf;wGif; 10,000
<6,000
rsm;udk xda&mufpGm BuD;MuyfEkdifjcif;r&Sdyg/

5,000

0
2016 ESpfp 2017 ESpfv,f 2018 aESmif;
2015 - 2016 b@ma&;ESpfwGif csxm;ay;cJhonfh ausmufpdrf;
wl;azmfcGifhygrpf {&d,mrSm {u 32000 ausmfjzpfonf/ abmvkkH;
uGif;aygif; 24000 uGif; tus,ft0ef;cefY &Sdonf/

Zaw Moe Htet for NRGI


a&raq;

tBuD;pm; puf,EÅ,m;ESifh wl;azmfMuonfhtjyif


wpfEkdifwpfykdif ausmuf&Smol ta&twGufrSmvnf;

Minzayar for NRGI


trsm;tjym;&Sdonf/ ukkrÜPDrsm;pGefYypfxm;onfh
ajrpmykkHay:wGif ausmufaumif; awG Y vkdawG Yjim;
&SmazGMuolrsm;udk a&raq;[kk ac:Muonf/
a&raq;rsm;onf jrefrmEkkdifiH a'opkkHrSjzpfNyD;? pD;yGm;a&;tcGifh
tvrf;twGuf ausmufpdrf;ajrokkdY vma&mufMujcif;jzpfonf/
¤if;wkkdYonf tvGeftEÅ&m,fBuD;rm;onfh ywf0ef;usifwGif
vkkyfukdifpm;aomufMu&onf/

Zaw Moe Htet for NRGI


ausmufpdrf;vkkyfief;\ a'ocH&yf&Gmrsm;ay:
qkkd;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;

ukrk P
Ü rD sm;onfab;ywf0ef;usifaumif;usdK;? qk;dk usKd ;? use;f rma&;?
ab;uif;a&;udk*&kkrpkkdufyJ jrefEkdiforSsjrefjref? rsm;EkkdiforSsrsm;rsm;
wl;azmfMuonf/ wl;azmfcGifhay;xm;onfh oufwrf;wkkdvGef;onf
uvnf; taMumif;&if;jzpfonf/ &v'ftaejzifh vlaorIrsm;
jzpfaponfh ajrNydKrI? a&BuD;rIrsm; rMumcPjzpfay:vmonf/

Zaw Moe Htet for NRGI


a'ocHrsm;taejzifh ausmufpdrf;vkkyfief;rSvGJNyD;
tjcm;u@wGif tcGifhtvrf;rsm;r&SdyJ jzpfvmonf/
uav;vkkyfom;? rl;,pfaq;? jynfhwefqm
vkkyfief;rsm; jrifhwufvmonf/ HIV/AIDS
ul;pufcH&rIvnf; jrifhwufvmonf/

Zaw Moe Htet for NRGI


ausmufpdrf;ESifh jrefrmEkkdifiHy#dyu©tcsdwftquf

jrefrmEkkdifiH&SdppfwyfESifh? wkkdif;&if;om;vufeufukdif tzGJ Ytpnf;


trsm;tjym;onf ausmufpdrf;wl;azmfjcif;wGif aiGaMu;xnfh0if
xm;rIrsm;&Sdonf/ ausmufpdrf;wl;azmfa&;? a&mif;0,fa&; ukkrÜPD
rsm;wGif w&m;0if? w&m;r0if&if;ESD;jrKyfESH&mrS aiGaMu;tjrwf

Zaw Moe Htet for NRGI


tpGef;rsm; &&SdaeMuonf/ tzGJUtpnf;tcsdKU odkYr[kkwf ¤if;wkkdYESifh
tcsdwftquf&Sdolonf ausmufarSmifckdxkwfjcif;? w&m;r0if
aiGaMu;ay;&rIrsm;wGif yg0ifaeMuonf[k vl YtcGifhta&;
vIyf&Sm;olrsm;u pGyfpGJxm;onf/
ausmufpdrf;u@rS tpkkd;&&&SdonfhtcGefyrmP
"gwfowÅK
99 bDvD,Husyf
a&eHESifhobm0"gwfaiGUo,f,lydkYaqmifc
407 bDvD,Husyf

jrefrm EITI xkkwfjyefcsuft& 2015 - 2016 b@ma&;ESpf


wGif ausmufrsufESifh ausmufpdrf;ukkrÜPDrsm;onf tpkkd;&okkdY
tcGefusyfaiG 708 bDvD,H (a':vm 578 oef;eD;yg;) ykkvJ
18 bDvD,Husyf
ay;oGif;cJhonf/

,if;yrmPonf ausmufpdrf;vkkyfief;wckkvkH;. wefzkd;ESifh


,SOfvsif tpGef;xGufrSsomjzpfonf/ tcGefa&Smifonfh a&eHESifh obm0"gwfaiGY
ukkrÜPDaygif;rsm;pGm&Sdonf/ ausmufpdrf;ESifh ausmufrsuf
2,171 bDvD,H usyf
708 bDvD,Husyf

wl;azmfxkwfvkyfjcif;rS&&Sdonfh
0ifaiGpkpkaygif;onf jrefrmtpkkd;&
2015 - 2016 b@ma&;ESpf ysSrf;rSsaiGvJEIef;rSm 1 a':vmvsif
usyfaiG 1225 jzpfonf/ 0ifaiGpkpkaygif; 20 &mckkdifEIef;&Sdonf/
(a':vm 947 oef;)

tpkkd;&onf ausmufpdrf;u@rS
tcGef0ifaiG &oifhoavmuf&aeygovm;/

wl;azmf&&Sdonfh ausmufpdrf;trsm;tjym;ukkd tpkkd;&odkYtpD&ifcH


wifjyjcif; vkkH;0r&Sdyg/ EkkdifiHwGif; okkdYr[kkwf ekkdifiHjyifyodkY
arSmifckd xkkwfa&mif;vkkdufMuonf/

&&Sdonfh ausmufpdrf;rsm; pm&if;jyonfhtcgwGifvnf;


0efxrf;rsm;u wefzkd;avsmhayghjyMuonf/ wefzkd;
avsmhayghwifjyjcif;aMumifh ukkrÜPDrsm;ay;&rnfh wGif;0cGef
yrmPvnf; avsmhoGm;onf/ a':vm 58 oef;

ausmufrsm;udk w&m;0ifa&mif;cs onfhtcgwGifvnf;


tcGefavsmhay;&eftwGuf ausmufwefzkd; udk a&mif;ol?
0,fol nd§EdIif;wefzkd;avQmhjyMuonf/ 2015 - 2016 b@mESpf

wGif;0cGef (royalty) - wl;azmf&&Sdonfh obm0o,HZmwrsm;twGuf wGif;0cGefwGufcsufEkdif&ef jrefrmhausmufrsufvkyfief;okkdYwifjyonfh ausmufpdrf;wefzkd;


ukkrÜPDrS tpkkd;&okkdYay;oGif;&onfh tcGef (xkkwfvkyfrIyrmP okkdYr[kkwf
wefzdk;udk tajccHí aumuf,lonf)/ jrefrmhausmufrsufESifh ausmufpdrf;jyyGJwGif a&mif;cs&onfhausmufpdrf;wefzkd;
ausmufpdrf; ta&mif;t0,f
jyKvkkyfonfhae&m

ausmufpdrf;w&m;0ifa&mif;csrI trsm;qkkH;jyKvkkyfonfhae&mrSm
aejynfawmfwGif wESpfvSsif 3 BudrfxdjyKvkkyfonfh jrefrmh
ausmufrsufESifh ausmufpdrf;jyyGJwGif jzpfonf/ ausmufpdrf;udk
rEÅav;? &efukef? ucsifjynfe,fNrdKUawmf jrpfBuD;em;&Sd
ta&mif;t0,f pifwmrsm;wGifvnf; a&mif;csMuonf/

Nyan Hlaing Lynn for NRGI


2011 2012 2013
oef;aygif; 39 uDvdk*&rf

w&m;0ifa&mif;csrIonf oef;aygif; 34 uDvdk*&rf


oef;aygif; 18 uDvdk*&rf
xkkwfvkyfrIpkpkaygif;yrmP\
tpGef;xGufrSsomjzpfonf/ usef&Sdonfh
oef;aygif; oef;aygif;
yrmPudk EkkdifiHjyifyokkdY arSmifckd oef;aygif; 20 uDvdk*&rf 7 uDvdk*&rf 5 uDvdk*&rf
xkkwfonf okkdYr[kkwf jynfwGif;wGif
w&m;r0ifa&mif;csonf/

2014 2015 2016

oef;aygif; 38 uDvdk*&rf
oef;aygif; 15 uDvdk*&rf oef;aygif; 17 uDvdk*&rf
pkkpkaygif;xkkwfvkyfrIyrmP%
oef;aygif; oef;aygif; oef;aygif;
aejynfawmfjyyGJwGifawGU&onfhyrmP 5 uDvdk*&rf 5 uDvdk*&rf 7 uDvdk*&rf
0,fvuf

w&kkwfjynfwGifausmufpdrf;udk tjrwfwEkkd;wefzkd;xm;Muonf/
ausmufpdrf;trsm;pkkudk w&kkwfukefonfrsm;u 0,f,lonf/
vuf0wf&wemtrsm;tjym;? ausmufpdrf;ESifh jyKvkkyf
onfh tjcm;ZdrfcHtokkH;taqmifrsm;udk w&kkwfu trsm;
tjym;0,f,lonf/

Minzayar for NRGI


ausmufpdrf;tokkH;csykkH

t&nftaoG;edrfhausmufpdrf;rsm;udk tvSqif&ef
tokkH;jyKonf/ Oyrm aMuGjym;tjzpf tokkH;csonf/
tv,fvwfwef;pm;ESifh t&nftaoG;jrifhausmufudk

Nyan Hlaing Lynn for NRGI


yef;ykk? vuf0wf&wemtjzpf tokkH;jyKonf/ ausmufpdrf;
tacsmoyfjcif;vkkyfief;trsm;pkkudk w&kkwfjynfwGifom
jyKvkkyfonf/ jrefrm\ ausmufpdrf;ta&mifwifjcif;?
jzwfjcif;vkkyfief;rSm acwfaemufusonf/
qufvufavhvmvkkdygu

jrefrmhausmufpdrf;vkkyfief;ESifhywfoufNyD; Open Jade Data


wGif tao;pdwfavhvmEkkdifonf/ wl;azmfcGifhygrpfykdif&Sif?
tpkkd;&0ifaiG tp&Sdojzifh azmfjyxm;onf/

www.OpenJadeData.org
qufvufzwf½I&rnfhpmtkkyfrsm;
Emma Irwin. Myanmar Gemstone Sector Review (Myanmar Extractive Industries
Transparency Initiative, 2016). www.mata-nrg.org

Global Witness. Jade: Myanmar’s “Big State Secret” (2015). www.globalwitness.org

Paul Shortell. Governing the Gemstone Sector: Considerations for Myanmar


(Natural Resource Governance Institute, 2017). www.resourcegovernance.org

Paul Shortell and Emma Irwin. Governing the Gemstone Sector: Lessons from
Global Experience (Natural Resource Governance Institute, 2017)
www.resourcegovernance.org

Myanmar Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative. EITI Report for the Period
April 2015-March 2016: Oil, Gas and Mining Sectors (2018). www.myanmareiti.org

Myanmar Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative. EITI Report for the Period
April 2014-March 2015: Oil, Gas and Mining Sectors (2018). www.myanmareiti.org

Myanmar Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative. EITI Report for the Period
April 2013-March 2014: Oil, Gas and Mining Sectors (2015). www.myanmareiti.org

Transparency and Accountability Network of Kachin State. Beyond Liability:


Preliminary Report on Jade Mining (2016)

Zaw Moe Htet for NRGI


Humanity Institute and Wunpawng Amyu She Zinlum Hpung. Jade: At the Expense
of Many Lives (2018) - Available in Myanmar language only

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