Sie sind auf Seite 1von 6

3UHGLFWLRQRI)OLJKW)DUHV8VLQJ0DFKLQH/HDUQLQJ


  
0DQ\D7XOL /HHQD6LQJK 6XGKDQVKX7ULSDWKL
2023 13th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence) | 978-1-6654-6263-1/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/Confluence56041.2023.10048801

'HSWRI&6( 'HSWRI&6( 'HSWRI,7 (QJJ


$6(7$PLW\8QLYHUVLW\ $6(7$PLW\8QLYHUVLW\ $PLW\8QLYHUVLW\
1RLGD,QGLD 1RLGD,QGLD 7DVKNHQW8]EHNLVWDQ
PDQ\DWXOL#VDPLW\HGX OVLQJK#DPLW\HGX VWULSDWKL#DPLW\HGX
1LGKL0DOLN
'HSWWRI&6(
7KH1RUWK&DS8QLYHUVLW\
*XUJDRQ,QGLD
QLGKLPDOLN#QFXLQGLDHGX

 
$EVWUDFW² 7KH DLUOLQH LQGXVWU\ KDV EHFRPH D YHU\ RUJDQL]HG GHVWLQDWLRQDLUSRUWVURXWHVWDNHQIOLJKWGXUDWLRQDUULYDODQG
VHFWRU JLYHQ WKH PDJQLWXGH RI WUDYHO XQGHUWDNHQ E\ WKH GHSDUWXUHWLPHVQXPEHURIVWRSVDQGDGGLWLRQDOLQIRUPDWLRQ
SRSXODWLRQ WKHVH GD\V +RZHYHU WKH DLUOLQH WLFNHW SULFLQJ LV D VXFKDVWLFNHWFODVVLQIOLJKWPHDOVOD\RYHUVHWF7KHRWKHU
IOXLG SDUDPHWHU EHFDXVH RI LWV GHSHQGHQF\ RQ YDULRXV IDFWRUV UHDVRQVIRUWKLVIOXFWXDWLRQLQSULFHVDUHLQVXIILFLHQWGDWDVHWV
7KH YDULDWLRQ LQ WLFNHW SULFHV KDV OHG WR FXVWRPHUV WUDYHOLQJ FRPSHWLWLRQDPRQJVWGLIIHUHQWDLUOLQHEUDQGVSURSULHWRUVKLS
ZLWK GLIIHUHQW IDUHV HYHQ RQ WKH VDPH IOLJKW 7KLV UHVXOWV LQ
LQWKHSULFLQJSROLFLHVRIDLUOLQHVHWF
UHYHQXH ORVVHV IRU WKH DLUOLQH LQGXVWU\ GXH WR RSHUDWLRQ RI
XQGHU ERRNHG IOLJKWV DQG KLJK FXVWRPHU GLVVDWLVIDFWLRQ 7KH 7KHSUHGLFWLRQRIIOLJKWSULFHVDWDQHDUO\VWDJH ZRXOGKHOS
SUHGLFWLRQRIIOLJKWSULFHVDWDQHDUO\VWDJHZRXOGKHOSDLUOLQHV DLUOLQHVGHYHORSVXLWDEOHVWUDWHJLHVDQGJDWKHUWKHQHFHVVDU\
VWUDWHJL]H WKHLU RSHUDWLRQV DQG JDWKHU WKH QHFHVVDU\ UHVRXUFHV UHVRXUFHV LPSDFWLQJ D VSHFLILF PDUNHW VHJPHQW OHYHO IRU D
LPSDFWLQJ D VSHFLILF PDUNHW VHJPHQW OHYHO IRU D URXWH 7KXV URXWH >@ $Q HIILFLHQW V\VWHP IRU SUHGLFWLQJ WKH IOLJKW IDUH
WKLV SDSHU DLPV WR SURSRVH D PRGHO ZKLFK FDQ FDSWXUH WKH SULFHV VKRXOG EH DEOH WR FDSWXUH WKH YDULDWLRQV LQ FXVWRPHU
YDULDELOLW\ EHWZHHQ GLIIHUHQW IDFWRUV DIIHFWLQJ WKH FRVW RI D GHPDQG EDVHG RQ LQWHUQDO IDFWRUV OLNH RIIVHDVRQ GHPDQG
IOLJKW WLFNHW DQG DUULYH DW WKH PRGHO ZLWK OHDVW PHDQ DEVROXWH VHDW DYDLODELOLW\ KROLGD\ SHULRG HWF DQG H[WHUQDO IDFWRUV
HUURU IRU HVWLPDWLQJ WKH SULFHV RI D WULS 7KH GDWDVHW XVHG LQ OLNH HPHUJHQFLHV QDWXUDO GLVDVWHUV ZHDWKHU FKDQJHV DQG
WKLV SDSHU KDV EHHQ SURYLGHG ZLWK SULFHV RI IOLJKW WLFNHWV IRU
PDVVJDWKHULQJV
YDULRXV DLUOLQHV EHWZHHQ 0DUFK WR -XQH  )URP WKH
DOJRULWKPV LPSOHPHQWHG RQ WKH GDWDVHW DQ HQVHPEOH RI WKH 
$UWLILFLDO 1HXUDO 1HWZRUNV ;*%RRVW 5HJUHVVRU DQG /LJKW $GGLWLRQDOO\DVXGGHQ VXUJH LQD KXJHYROXPHRIWUDYHOHUV
*UDGLHQW %RRVWLQJ 0DFKLQH 5HJUHVVLRQ PRGHOV JLYHV WKH OHDVW EURXJKWRQE\FHUWDLQVSHFLDOHYHQWV PLJKWKDYHDQ LPSDFW
PHDQDEVROXWHHUURURI RQWKHFRVWRIIOLJKWLQDFHUWDLQPDUNHWVHFWRU$LUOLQHVXVH
 G\QDPLF WLFNHW SULFLQJ DQG WKH\ EDVH WKHLU SULFLQJ FKRLFHV
.H\ZRUGV²$UWLILFLDO1HXUDO1HWZRUNV;*%RRVW5HJUHVVRU RQPRGHOVIRUHVWLPDWLQJGHPDQG>@
/LJKW*UDGLHQW%RRVWLQJ0DFKLQH0HDQ$EVROXWH(UURU 
 7KLVOHDGVWRWKHUHTXLUHPHQWRIDV\VWHPWKDWFDQHVWLPDWH
WKH IOLJKW IDUHV ZLWK JRRG DFFXUDF\ SULRU WR WKH GDWH RI WKH
, ,1752'8&7,21
MRXUQH\ RI D FXVWRPHU 7KH OLWHUDWXUH UHYLHZ VKRZV WKH
,QGLD
V DYLDWLRQ LQGXVWU\ EHJDQ WR WDNH RII LQ WKH V YDULRXVWHFKQLTXHVWKDWKDYHEHHQSUHYLRXVO\XVHGWRSUHGLFW
1XPHURXV ORZFRVW DLUOLQHV FRPSHWHG ZLWK IXOOVHUYLFH WKH DLUIDUH 7KLV LQFOXGHV WKH 3DUWLDO /HDVW 6TXDUH
FDUULHUV ,Q RUGHU WR FRPSHWH ZLWK WKH ODUJHU DLUOLQHV ORZ 5HJUHVVLRQ WHFKQLTXH WKH /LQHDU 4XDQWLOH %OHQGHG
FRVW FDUULHUV VXEVWDQWLDOO\ FXW WKHLU FRVWV HQDEOLQJ PLOOLRQV 5HJUHVVLRQ PHWKRGRORJ\ 6XSSRUW 9HFWRU 0DFKLQH 690 
PRUH SHRSOH WR WUDYHO ,QGLD KDV EHFRPH WKH WKLUGODUJHVW UHJUHVVLRQ %DJJLQJ 5HJUHVVLRQ 7UHH WHFKQLTXH 'HHS
DYLDWLRQ PDUNHW EHFDXVH RI WKH SUROLIHUDWLRQ RI DLUOLQHV DQG 5HJUHVVRU6WDFNLQJWRQDPHDIHZ
LQH[SHQVLYH IDUHV DQG WKRXVDQGV RI DGGLWLRQDO DLUFUDIW ZLOO 
EH QHHGHG RYHU WKH QH[W IHZ GHFDGHV 1XPHURXV IRUHLJQ 7KLV SDSHU DLPV WR SURSRVH D PRGHO ZKLFK FDQ FDSWXUH WKH
DLUOLQHVKDYHDOVREHHQGUDZQWR,QGLD
VH[SDQGLQJDYLDWLRQ YDULDELOLW\ EHWZHHQ GLIIHUHQW IDFWRUV DIIHFWLQJ WKH FRVW RI D
VHFWRU IOLJKW WLFNHW DQG DUULYH DW WKH EHVW SRVVLEOH PRGHO IRU
,Q WKH SUHVHQW GD\ WKH DLUOLQH LQGXVWU\ KDV HYROYHG LQWR HVWLPDWLQJWKHSULFHVRIWKHWULS,QDGGLWLRQWKLVSDSHUORRNV
EHLQJ KLJKO\ XQSUHGLFWDEOH ZLWK LWV FRPSOH[ WLFNHW SULFLQJ DW YDULRXV FXWWLQJHGJH PDFKLQH OHDUQLQJ 0/  PRGHO DQG
V\VWHPV1RZDGD\VWKHYDULDWLRQLQWLFNHWSULFHVKDVOHGWR 'HHS /HDUQLQJ HQKDQFHV WKH UHJQDQW PRGHOV 7KH\ DGMXVW
FXVWRPHUVWUDYHOLQJZLWKGLIIHUHQWIDUHVHYHQDIWHUEHLQJRQ WKHLUK\SHUSDUDPHWHUVWRDFWXDOL]HWKHRSWLPXPGLVSRVLWLRQ
WKHVDPHIOLJKW7KHSUDFWLFHRIHDUO\ERRNLQJRIWLFNHWVE\D H[SHGLHQWLQSUHGLFWLQJDLUIDUHV7KHDSSOLFDWLRQRIGHFLVLRQ
FXVWRPHU GRHV QRW VHHP WR EH RI PXFK LPSRUWDQFH DV LQ WUHHEDVHGDOJRULWKPVDQGQHXUDOQHWZRUNVRQWKHGDWDVHWLV
VRPHFDVHVLWKDVEHHQVHHQWKDWDQHDUO\SXUFKDVHRIDIOLJKW WKH GHPDUFDWLQJ IDFWRU RI WKLV SDSHU LQ DGGLWLRQ WR WKH
WLFNHWFRVWVWKHFXVWRPHUPRUHWKDQWKHERRNLQJGRQHMXVWD WUDGLWLRQDO UHJUHVVLRQ DSSURDFKHV XVHG IRU DLUOLQH IDUH
IHZGD\VSULRUWRWKHGDWHRIMRXUQH\>@ SUHGLFWLRQ7KHFRQFOXVLRQLQFOXGHVDFRPSDULVRQRIDOOWKH
7KH IOXFWXDWLRQ LQ WKH SULFH RI D IOLJKW WLFNHW LV GXH WR WKH PHWKRGV XVHG 7KH GDWDVHW LV WUDLQHG RQ PXOWLSOH PDFKLQH
KLJK YDULDELOLW\ LQ WKH IDFWRUV RQ ZKLFK WKH SULFHV DUH OHDUQLQJ DOJRULWKPV RXW RI ZKLFK WKH $UWLILFLDO 1HXUDO
GHSHQGHQW ZKLFK LQFOXGH WKH GDWH RI MRXUQH\ VRXUFH DQG 1HWZRUNV ;*%RRVW5HJUHVVRU DQG /LJKW *UDGLHQW

978-1-6654-6263-1/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE 13

Authorized licensed use limited to: Parul Institute of Engineering and Technology. Downloaded on March 28,2023 at 09:19:08 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
%RRVWLQJ 0DFKLQH 5HJUHVVLRQ PRGHOV JLYHV WKH OHDVW PHDQ 7RWKHEHVWRI P\ NQRZOHGJHWKHOLRQ¶VVKDUHRISULRUIDFW
DEVROXWHHUURURI ILQGLQJ RQ WKLV WRSLF KDV FHQWHUHG RQ WUDGLWLRQDO VWDWLVWLFDO
PHWKRGVZKLFKKDYHWKHLURZQVHWRIFRQIOLFWLYHHVWLPDWLRQV
,, /,7(5$785(5(9,(: DQG SUHVXPSWLRQV >@ 7KXV WKLV SDSHU KDV LPSOHPHQWHG
9DULRXV IHDWXUHVDQGWUDLQHG PRGHOVRQ YDULHJDWHGW\SHVRI YDULRXV 0/ PRGHOV LQFOXGLQJ 5HJUHVVLRQ DOJRULWKPV
DLUOLQHV KDYH EHHQ WDNHQ LQWR FRQVLGHUDWLRQ GXULQJ WKH 'HFLVLRQ7UHH DOJRULWKPV DQG 'HHS /HDUQLQJ PRGHOV WR
LQFHSWLRQ RI WKH SUHYLRXV ZRUN RQ HQKDQFLQJ WKH SUHYLVLRQ HQKDQFH WKH H[LVWHQW PRGHOV E\ PRGXODWLQJ WKH K\SHU
RIDLUOLQHIDUHVE\XWLOL]LQJ0/ SDUDPHWHUV WR DFKLHYH WKH RSWLPXP SURWRW\SH IRU SUHGLFWLQJ
DLUIDUHV

*LQL DQG *URYHV >@ XVHG 3DUWLDO /HDVW 6TXDUH 5HJUHVVLRQ ,,, 0$7(5,$/6$1'0(7+2'
3/65 IRUSUHYLVLRQLQJWKHLGHDOSURFXUHPHQWWLPHRIIOLJKW 
WLFNHW $GVFLWLWLRXV GDWD DFTXLUHG ZDV XVHG WR H[DPLQH WKH 7KH PHWKRGRORJ\ IROORZHG IRU WKH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI WKH
UHODWLRQVKLSVEHWZHHQWKHGLVSOD\VRIWKHSUHYLRXVPRGHO SURSRVHGPRGHOLVVKRZQLQ)LJ
 
,Q YLHZRIWKH 6DQ)UDQFLVFR±1HZ <RUNURXWH-DQVVHQ>@
DUUD\HGDEHILWWLQJPRGHOXWLOL]LQJ/LQHDU4XDQWLOH%OHQGHG
5HJUHVVLRQ +RZHYHU WKH PRGHO IDOOV VKRUW LQ D VFHQDULR
ZLWK D ODUJH WLPH IUDPH VLQFH LW FORVHV WKH GHSDUWXUH GDWH
5HQHWDO>@VXJJHVWHGFODVVLI\LQJWKHDLUIDUHLQWRSDVVHOVRI
 ±    ±       HWF WR FRQWUDVW WKH
UHODWLYH YDOXHV ZLWK WKH SULFH
V JOREDO DYHUDJH 7KH\ DOVR
FRPPHQGHG FUHDWLQJ D IRUHFDVW PRGHO XVLQJ /5 1DLYH
%D\HV6RIW0D[UHJUHVVLRQDQG690V7KHDXWKRUVFODLPHG
WKDW WKHLU /5 PRGHO KDG WKH RSWLPDO WUDLQLQJ HUUDWXP UDWH
DSSUR[LPDWHGWRSHUFHQW690PRGHOZDVLQFRPSHWHQW
)LJ0HWKRGRORJ\RIWKHSURSRVHG0RGHO
WRGHOLYHUDIUXLWIXORXWFRPH


0XOWLIDULRXV 0/ PRGHOV LQFOXGLQJ 690 5) $11V DQG $ '$7$6(7
/5ZHUHXVHGE\7]LULGLVHWDO>@WRIRUHFDVWWLFNHWSULFHV 
DQG WKHLU SHUIRUPDQFH ZDV FRPSDUHG 7KH PRVW DFFXUDWH 7KH GDWDVHW KDV EHHQ REWDLQHG IURP µ0DFKLQH+DFN¶
UHJUHVVLRQ PRGHO LH WKH EDJJLQJ UHJUHVVRU PRGHO KDG DQ RQOLQH KDFNDWKRQ UHSRVLWRU\ ,W FRPSULVHV  GDWD
DFFXUDWHQHVV RI  7KH EHVW PRGHO DFFRUGLQJ WR WKHLU SRLQWVVDPSOHVDQGIHDWXUHVDQGKDVEHHQSURYLGHG ZLWK
UHFNRQLQJLVDEDJJLQJUHJUHVVLRQWUHHVLQFHLWLVLPSHFFDEOH DLUIDUHV WDUJHWODEHO IRUPXOWLIDULRXVDLUOLQHVEHWZHHQ0DUFK
DQG LQJHQLRXV WR WKH LQSXW IHDWXUHV 'HHS 5HJUHVVRU WR-XQH7KHGDWDVHW¶VIHDWXUHVDUHGHVFULEHGEHORZ
6WDFNLQJ SURSRXQGHG LQ >@ LV D PRGXV RSHUDQGL WR PDNH
D $LUOLQH ,W FRQVLVWV RI WKH QDPHV RI  DLUOLQH
VFUXSXORXV SUHFRJQLWLRQV 7KH SURSRXQGHG VROXWLRQ LV D
FRPSDQLHV
EUDQGQHZ PXOWLWDUJHW VWUDWHJ\ WKDW XVHV 5) DQG 690
UHJUHVVRUV DQG LV GH[WHURXVO\ DGDSWDEOH WR RWKHU SUREOHP E 'DWHRI-RXUQH\7KLVFROXPQFRQVLVWVRIWKHGDWHRI
DUHQDV ZLWK FRPSDUDEOH VHW RI KLWFKHV 6LQFH DLUIDUHV GDWD WKHMRXUQH\JLYHQLQWKHGDWHDQGWLPHIRUPDW
DUH UDUHO\ FDWHJRUL]HG DQG SUHSDUHG IRU GLUHFW DQDO\VLV F 6RXUFH ,W FRQWDLQV WKH QDPHV RI WKH FLWLHV IURP
JDWKHULQJDQGSURFHVVLQJWKDWGDWDLVDOZD\VODERULQWHQVLYH ZKLFKWKHIOLJKWVWDNHRII
>@
 G 'HVWLQDWLRQ ,W FRQWDLQV WKH QDPHV RI WKH FLWLHV LQ
)RU PRVW DQDO\VHV UHSRUWHG LQ WKH OLWHUDWXUH UHVHDUFKHUV ZKLFKWKHIOLJKWVODQG
HLWKHU VHHN SULYDWH GDWD IURP FROODERUDWLYH RUJDQL]DWLRQV RU H 5RXWH,WFRQWDLQVWKHGDWDRIWKHURXWHDIOLJKWWDNHV
ZHE FUDZO WKH GDWD WR HYDOXDWH WKH HIIHFWLYHQHVV RI WKHLU WRUHDFKLWVGHVWLQDWLRQ
PRGHOVRQYDULRXVGDWDVHWV>@
 I 'HSDUWXUH7LPH,WHPERGLHVGHSDUWXUHWLPHRIWKH
$V D UHVXOW LW LV FKDOOHQJLQJWR FRQGXFW FRPSDULVRQV RI WKH IOLJKWLQWKHKUWLPHFRQILJXUDWLRQ
PRGHOV
 SHUIRUPDQFH DQG WR HPXODWH WKH UHVHDUFK 7KH J $UULYDO 7LPH ,W FRQWDLQV WKH DUULYDO WLPH RI WKH
YDULDELOLW\ LQ WKH IOLJKW IDUHV OHDGV WR VHYHUDO SUREOHPV OLNH IOLJKWLQWKHKUWLPHFRQILJXUDWLRQ
FXVWRPHU GLVVDWLVIDFWLRQ IOLJKWV RSHUDWLQJ XQGHU ERRNHG
K 'XUDWLRQ ,W FRQWDLQV WKH GXUDWLRQ RI WKH IOLJKW LQ
UHYHQXH ORVVHV WR WKH DLUOLQH EXGJHWLQJ LVVXHV IRU WKH
KRXUVDQGPLQXWHV
FXVWRPHUVHWF
 L 7RWDO 6WRSV ,W VSHFLILHV WKH WRWDO QXPEHU RI VWRSV
$PLGVWWKLVYDULDELOLW\RISULFHVWKHFXVWRPHUDOZD\V VHHNV IRUDIOLJKWLQLWVURXWH
WRDYDLORIWKHORZHVWSRVVLEOHIDUHIRUWKHLUMRXUQH\2QWKH M $GGLWLRQDO ,QIRUPDWLRQ 7KLV FROXPQ LQFRUSRUDWHV
RWKHU KDQGWKH DLUOLQH LV GULYHQ E\ WKH VROH PRWLYH RI VXUSOXVLQIRUPDWLRQDERXWRQIOLJKWPHDOVFKHFNLQ
DWWDLQLQJ PD[LPXP SURILW IURP D WULS 7KLV OHDGV WR WKH EDJJDJH DLUSRUW FKDQJH LQIR OD\RYHU LQIRUPDWLRQ
UHTXLUHPHQW RID V\VWHP WKDW FDQ HVWLPDWH WKH IOLJKW IDUHV HWF
ZLWK JRRG DFFXUDF\ SULRU WR WKH GDWH RI WKH MRXUQH\ RI D
FXVWRPHU N 3ULFH ,W FRQWDLQV WKH IOLJKW IDUH LQ WKH LQWHJHU
 IRUPDW

14 2023 13th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence)
Authorized licensed use limited to: Parul Institute of Engineering and Technology. Downloaded on March 28,2023 at 09:19:08 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
% 352326(')5$0(:25. 6LQFHWKHGDWDFRQWDLQHGRQO\QXOOYDOXHVLQDVLQJOHURZRI
WKH GDWDVHW LW ZDV GURSSHG )XUWKHU VWUXFWXUDO HUURUV ZHUH
 UHPRYHGIURPWKH$GGLWLRQDOB,QIRIHDWXUHRIWKHGDWDVHW
8QGHUWKHSURSRVHGIUDPHZRUNWKHGDWDVHWLVSURFHVVHGE\
7KH SLYRW FKDUWV REWDLQHG DIWHU WKH ('$ RI WKH GDWDVHW DUH
LQLWLDOO\ GRLQJ LWV H[SORUDWRU\ GDWD DQDO\VLV ('$  WR ILQG
VKRZQLQ)LJ
WKHPLVVLQJGDWDSRLQWVGXSOLFDWHGYDOXHVUHODWLRQEHWZHHQ

GLIIHUHQW IHDWXUHV RI WKH GDWDVHW HWF )XUWKHU QHZ FROXPQV
DUH V\QWKHVL]HG IURP WKH SUHH[LVWLQJ IHDWXUHV WKURXJK  )($785((1*,1((5,1*
IHDWXUH HQJLQHHULQJ 7KH IHDWXUHV WKDW VKRZ WKH EHVW 
FRUUHODWLRQ ZLWK WKH WDUJHW YDULDEOH DUH WKHQ SLFNHG XS IRU )HDWXUH HQJLQHHULQJ LV WKH SURFHVV RI V\QWKHVL]LQJ QHZ
WUDLQLQJ WKURXJK WKH IHDWXUH VHOHFWLRQ SURFHVV )LQDOO\ IHDWXUHVIURPWKHGDWDVHWWRVSHHGXSWKHGDWDWUDQVIRUPDWLRQ
YDULRXVPRGHOVDUHWUDLQHGRQWKHWUDLQLQJGDWDVHWXVLQJWKH SURFHVVDQGWRHQKDQFHWKHDFFXUDF\RIWKHPRGHO,WKHOSVLQ
IROORZLQJPDFKLQHOHDUQLQJDOJRULWKPV REWDLQLQJ XVHIXO LQIRUPDWLRQ IURP WKH GDWDVHW ZLWKRXW
 DIIHFWLQJWKHFRQWHQWVRIWKHRULJLQDOGDWDVHW,QWKLVGDWDVHW
‡5HJUHVVLRQ$OJRULWKPV/LQHDU5HJUHVVLRQ6XSSRUW9HFWRU WZR QHZ IHDWXUHV DUH H[WUDFWHG RXW RI WKH 'DWH RI -RXUQH\
5HJUHVVRU.1HLJKERU5HJUHVVRU'HFLVLRQ7UHH5HJUHVVRU IHDWXUHRQHEHLQJWKHPRQWKRIWKHGDWHRIMRXUQH\DQGWKH
DQG%DJJLQJ5HJUHVVRU RWKHURQHEHLQJWKHGD\RIWKHPRQWKRIMRXUQH\)XUWKHUWKH
 GDWH RI WKH MRXUQH\ FROXPQ LV GURSSHG ,Q WKH 'HSDUWXUH
‡ 'HFLVLRQ 7UHH $OJRULWKPV ;*%RRVW 5HJUHVVRU /LJKW 7LPH$UULYDO7LPHDQG'XUDWLRQIHDWXUHFROXPQVVHSDUDWH
*UDGLHQW %RRVWLQJ 0DFKLQH /*%0  DQG ([WUD 7UHH IHDWXUHV KDYH EHHQ H[WUDFWHG IRU LQGLFDWLQJ WKH KRXUV DQG
5HJUHVVRU PLQXWHV
 
‡1HXUDO1HWZRUNV$UWLILFLDO1HXUDO1HWZRUN $11   )($785(6(/(&7,21
 
 '$7$35(352&(66,1* ,W LV WKH SURFHVV RI SLFNLQJ XS DWWULEXWHV IURP WKH GDWDVHW
 ZKLFK VKRZ WKH EHVW FRUUHODWLRQ ZLWK WKH WDUJHW YDULDEOH ,W
'DWD SUHSURFHVVLQJ LV WKH PRVW LPSRUWDQW VWHS ZKLFK LV VWDWLVWLFDOO\ HYDOXDWHV WKH LQSXW IHDWXUHV DQG WKH WDUJHW
FDUULHG RXW RQ WKH GDWDVHW EHIRUH VROYLQJ DQ\ 0/ SUREOHP YDULDEOHWRILJXUHRXWWKHLUGHSHQGHQFLHVRQHDFKRWKHU
'DWD SUHSURFHVVLQJ LQYROYHV HOLPLQDWLQJ GDWD GXSOLFDWLRQ ,W LV SULPDULO\ XVHG WR UHPRYH QRLVH IURP WKH GDWDVHW
UHPRYLQJ QXOO YDOXHV GHWHFWLQJ GDWD RXWOLHUV IL[LQJ RSWLPL]H WKH WUDLQLQJ WLPH DQG KHOS LQ SUHYHQWLQJ PRGHO
VWUXFWXUDO HUURUV DQG UHPRYLQJ LUUHOHYDQW GDWD ,W LV FDUULHG RYHUILWWLQJ)RUWKHSUHVHQWGDWDVHWILOWHUPHWKRGVRIIHDWXUH
RXW RQ WKH GDWDVHW WR SUHYHQW DQ\ ELDVHG SHUIRUPDQFH VHOHFWLRQDUHDSSOLHG6XEGDWDVHWVDUHFUHDWHGIRUVHSDUDWLQJ
HVWLPDWHV7KHGDWDVHWXVHGLQWKLVH[SHULPHQWFRQWDLQHG WKH QXPHULFDO DQG FDWHJRULFDO IHDWXUHV 7KH 3HDUVRQ¶V
GXSOLFDWHGURZVZKLFKZHUHUHPRYHG FRUUHODWLRQ WHVW LV DSSOLHG WR WKH GDWDVHW ZLWK QXPHULFDO
 IHDWXUHV DQG WKH $129$ )WHVW LV DSSOLHG WR WKH GDWDVHW
 ZLWKFDWHJRULFDOIHDWXUHV
 




2023 13th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence) 15
Authorized licensed use limited to: Parul Institute of Engineering and Technology. Downloaded on March 28,2023 at 09:19:08 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.



)LJ3ORWRIWKH6RXUFH'HVWLQDWLRQYVWRWDODLUIDUH 
 )LJ3ORWRIWKH$GGLWLRQDO,QIRYV7RWDO$LUIDUH
 
3($5621¶6&255(/$7,21 
 $129$)7(67
7KLV IHDWXUH VHOHFWLRQ PHWKRG LV XVHG ZKHQ WKH WDUJHW 
YDULDEOHVDVZHOOWKHLQSXWIHDWXUHVDUHFRQWLQXRXVLQQDWXUH $QDO\VLV RI YDULDQFH $129$  FDQ GHWHUPLQH WKH
,W LV XVHG IRU WKH DQDO\VLV RI ELYDULDWH GDWD LQ ZKLFK WKH GLIIHUHQFH LQ PHDQV EHWZHHQ WKUHH RU PRUH JURXSV )WHVWV
UHODWLRQEHWZHHQWKHIHDWXUHVLVTXDQWLILHGRQDVFDOHRIWR DUH XVHG LQ $129$ WR VWDWLVWLFDOO\ YHULI\ PHDQ HTXDOLW\
LQGLFDWHVDYHU\VWURQJSRVLWLYHFRUUHVSRQGHQFHEHWZHHQ 7KHUDWLRRIPHDQVTXDUHVLVWKHEDVLVRI)VWDWLVWLFV7KH)
WKH IHDWXUHV  LQGLFDWHV QR FRUUHVSRQGHQFH EHWZHHQ WKH VWDWLVWLFLQDRQHZD\$129$LVH[SUHVVHGDVIROORZV
IHDWXUHVDQGLQGLFDWHVDQHJDWLYHDWWULEXWH
FRUUHVSRQGHQFH 7KH REMHFWLYH RI WKH WHVW LV WR REWDLQ WKH ) YDULDWLRQEHWZHHQVDPSOHPHDQV 
 
EHVW ILW OLQH WKURXJK WKH GDWD SRLQWV 7KH FRUUHODWLRQ YDULDWLRQZLWKLQWKHVDPSOHV
FRHIILFLHQW IXUWKHU PHDVXUHVWKHGLVWDQFHRIHDFKGDWDSRLQW 
IURPWKLVOLQHDVVKRZQLQWKHHTXDWLRQ ZKHUH
 
 )UDWLR WHVWVWDWLVWLF
 
6DPSOHPHDQ DQDYHUDJHYDOXHIRXQGLQDVDPSOH

 7KH)WHVWLVXVHGLQ$129$WRDVVHVVLIWKHYDULDELOLW\RI
WKH REVHUYHG GDWD ZLWKLQ WKH JURXSV LV JUHDWHU WKDQ WKH
YDULDELOLW\RIWKHJURXSPHDQV,WFDQEHLQIHUUHGWKDWQRWDOO
PHDQVDUHHTXDOLIWKHUDWLRLVVLJQLILFDQWHQRXJK
 8VLQJ WKH $129$ ) 7HVW RQ WKH FDWHJRULFDO IHDWXUHV RI
WKH GDWDVHWDOOWKHFDWHJRULFDOIHDWXUHVLH
$LUOLQH

6RXUFH

8VLQJ WKH 3HDUVRQ¶V &RUUHODWLRQ WHVW RQ WKH QXPHULFDO

'HVWLQDWLRQ

5RXWH

$GGLWLRQDOB,QIR
 DUH XVHG LQ WKH
IHDWXUHV RI WKH GDWDVHW WKH IHDWXUHV µ'XUDWLRQBKRXUV¶ DQG
IHDWXUHVHOHFWLRQSURFHVVDVVKRZQLQ)LJ
µ6WRSV¶DVGHSLFWHGE\FROXPQVDQGUHVSHFWLYHO\DUHXVHG
LQWKHIHDWXUHVHOHFWLRQSURFHVVWRWKHLUKLJKFRUUHODWLRQZLWK 
WKHWDUJHWYDULDEOH )LJ  

 


)LJ  5HVXOW RI 3HDUVRQ¶V &RUUHODWLRQ 7HVW RQ QXPHULFDO )LJ5HVXOWRI$129$)7HVWRQFDWHJRULFDOIHDWXUHV
IHDWXUHV

16 2023 13th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence)
Authorized licensed use limited to: Parul Institute of Engineering and Technology. Downloaded on March 28,2023 at 09:19:08 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 )($785(6&$/,1* 7KH UHVXOWV RI 'HFLVLRQ 7UHH UHJUHVVRU RQ WKH GDWDVHW DUH
 JLYHQEHORZ
)HDWXUH VFDOLQJLQYROYHVWKH XQLIRUPSURUDWLQJRIDWWULEXWHV 

LQ D SUHRUGDLQHG LQWHUYDO )HDWXUH VFDOLQJ LV GRQH RQ WKH


SUHVHQW GDWDVHW XVLQJ QRUPDOL]DWLRQ WHFKQLTXH ZKLFK VFDOHV 
WKH GDWD EHWZHHQ  7KH HTXDWLRQ IRU QRUPDOL]DWLRQ LV
JLYHQLQ(TXDWLRQ

%$**,1*5(*5(6625

 
  %DJJLQJ RU %RRWVWUDS $JJUHJDWLRQ LV DQ HQVHPEOHEDVHG
OHDUQLQJ WHFKQLTXH WKDW UHGXFHV WKH YDULDQFH LQ WKH GDWDVHW
ZKHUH
ZLWKRXWPDNLQJSUHGLFWLRQVELDVHG
PLQ [ PLQYDOXHRIWKHIHDWXUH
7KH UHVXOWV RI %DJJLQJ UHJUHVVRU RQ WKH GDWDVHW DUH JLYHQ
PD[ [ PD[YDOXHRIWKHIHDWXUH
EHORZ
[GDWDSRLQWWREHQRUPDOL]HG


0$&+,1(/($51,1*02'(/6 
 
7KHGDWDVHWLVILUVWO\WUDLQHGRQ5HJUHVVLRQDOJRULWKPVZKLFK '(&,6,2175((%$6('$/*25,7+06
LQFOXGH /LQHDU 5HJUHVVLRQ 6XSSRUW 9HFWRU 5HJUHVVRU . 
1HLJKERUV 5HJUHVVRU 'HFLVLRQ 7UHH 5HJUHVVRU DQG 'HFLVLRQ 7UHH LV D VXSHUYLVHG 0/ DOJRULWKP WKDW HYDOXDWH
%DJJLQJ 5HJUHVVRU 1H[W 'HFLVLRQ 7UHH DOJRULWKPV DUH PXOWLSOH LIHOVH VWDWHPHQWV DQG WKHQ PDNH D GHFLVLRQ EDVHG
DSSOLHG WR WKH GDWDVHW ZKLFK LQFOXGHV 5DQGRP )RUHVW RQZKHWKHUWKHVWDWHPHQWLV7UXHRU)DOVH
5HJUHVVRU ;* %RRVW 5HJUHVVRU /LJKW *UDGLHQW %RRVWHG 
0DFKLQH 5HJUHVVRU DQG ([WUD 7UHH 5HJUHVVRU /DVWO\ 5$1'20)25(675(*5(6625
$UWLILFLDO1HXUDO1HWZRUNVDUHDSSOLHGWRWKHGDWDVHW 
 5DQGRP)RUHVW5HJUHVVRULVDVXSHUYLVHG0/DOJRULWKPWKDW
5(*5(66,21%$6('$/*25,7+06 XVHVERRWVWUDSSHGDJJUHJDWLRQLQLWVLPSOHPHQWDWLRQ
 7KH UHVXOWV RI 5DQGRP )RUHVW UHJUHVVRU RQ WKH GDWDVHW DUH
/,1($55(*5(66,21 JLYHQEHORZ
 

,WLVDVXSHUYLVHG0/DOJRULWKPXWLOL]HGIRUDWWDLQLQJOLQHDU
FRUUHVSRQGHQFHEHWZHHQWZRFRQWLQXRXVYDULDEOHV 
7KH UHVXOWV RI OLQHDU UHJUHVVLRQ RQ WKH GDWDVHW DUH JLYHQ 
EHORZ
 ;*%22675(*5(6625

;*%RRVW LV D ERRVWLQJ DOJRULWKP ZKLFK LQYROYHV FUHDWLQJ

VHTXHQWLDOGHFLVLRQWUHHV
68332579(&7255(*5(6625 7KH UHVXOWV RI ;*%RRVW UHJUHVVRU RQ WKH GDWDVHW DUH JLYHQ
 EHORZ
6XSSRUW 9HFWRU 5HJUHVVLRQ LV D VXSHUYLVHG 0/ DOJRULWKP 
XVHGWRILQGWKHEHVWILWOLQHSDVVLQJWKURXJKWKHGDWDSRLQWV
UHIHUUHGWRDVWKHK\SHUSODQH 
7KH UHVXOWV RI 6XSSRUW 9HFWRU UHJUHVVRU RQ WKH GDWDVHW DUH
/,*+7*5$',(17%2267,1*0$&+,1(
JLYHQEHORZ
 5(*5(6625

/LJKW*UDGLHQW%RRVWLQJ0DFKLQH /LJKW*%0 LVDSDFNDJH
 XVHG WR DFFHOHUDWH WUDLQLQJ VLJQLILFDQWO\ DQG HQKDQFH
.1(,*+%2565(*5(6625 SUHGLFWLRQSHUIRUPDQFH
 7KHUHVXOWVRI/LJKW*%0UHJUHVVRURQWKHGDWDVHWDUHJLYHQ
.1HDUHVW 1HLJKERUV LV D VXSHUYLVHG 0/ DOJRULWKP ,W LV EHORZ
QRQSDUDPHWULFLQQDWXUH 

7KH UHVXOWV RI .1HLJKERUV UHJUHVVRU RQ WKH GDWDVHW DUH


JLYHQEHORZ 



(;75$75((5(*5(6625
 
 ([WUD 7UHHV LV DQ HQVHPEOH 0/ DOJRULWKP WKDW DJJUHJDWHV
'(&,6,2175((5(*5(6625 WKHSUHGLFWLRQVIURPQXPHURXVGHFLVLRQWUHHV
 7KHUHVXOWVRI([WUD7UHHUHJUHVVRURQWKHGDWDVHWDUHJLYHQ
'HFLVLRQ7UHH5HJUHVVRULVDVXSHUYLVHG 0/DOJRULWKPWKDW EHORZ
LVXVHGWRSUHGLFWDFRQWLQXRXVWDUJHWYDULDEOH

2023 13th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence) 17
Authorized licensed use limited to: Parul Institute of Engineering and Technology. Downloaded on March 28,2023 at 09:19:08 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 7KH GDWDVHW XVHG FRPSULVHV  GDWD SRLQWVVDPSOHV
DQG  IHDWXUHV ZLWK WKH IOLJKW SULFHV EHLQJ WKH WDUJHW
 YDULDEOH 7KH IHDWXUH VHOHFWLRQ WHFKQLTXHV HQIRUFHG RQ WKH
 GDWDVHWUHVXOWLQWKHDYHUDJHDLUIDUHPHDQDEVROXWHHUURURI

 $57,),&,$/1(85$/1(7:25.6
 7RWKHEHVWRIP\NQRZOHGJHDOLRQ¶VVKDUHRISULRUZRUNRQ
$11 $UWLILFLDO 1HXUDO 1HWZRUN  KDV LPSURYHG D PRGHO¶V WKLVWRSLFKDVERLOHGGRZQRQWKHXVHRIWUDGLWLRQDOVWDWLVWLFDO
HIILFLHQF\ LQ FRQVLGHULQJ WKH RXWSXW E\ WDNLQJ LQWR PHWKRGVZKLFKKDYHWKHLURZQVHWRIFRQIOLFWLYHHVWLPDWLRQV
FRQVLGHUDWLRQ QRQOLQHDU LQWHUUHODWLRQV LQ WKH GDWDVHW 7KHLU DQG SUHVXPSWLRQV 7KH PRGHO SURSRVHG LQ WKLV SDSHU
QHWZRUN DUFKLWHFWXUH FDQ EH HDVLO\ DGMXVWHG WR VROYH LOOXVWUDWHV WKH HIILFDF\ RI 0/ WHFKQLTXHV FRQWUDVWV WKH
SUREOHPVFRQVLGHULQJVWUXFWXUHGDQGXQVWUXFWXUHGGDWD RXWFRPHV RI YDULRXV 0/ UHJUHVVRUV DQG VHOHFWV WKH PRVW
 RSWLPXP WHFKQLTXH RI SUHGLFWLQJ WKH SULFH RI DLUIDUH E\
7KHUHVXOWVRI$UWLILFLDO1HXUDO1HWZRUNVRQWKHGDWDVHWDUH PDNLQJ XVH RI WKH GDWD IURP WKH GDWDVHW WKDW LV UHDGLO\
JLYHQEHORZ DYDLODEOH
 ,Q WKH IXWXUH WKH VXJJHVWHG PHWKRGRORJ\ FRXOG EH
HYHQWXDOO\H[SDQGHGWRHQFRPSDVVWKHLQIRUPDWLRQRQIOLJKW
WLFNHW WUDQVDFWLRQV ZKLFK FDQ JLYH PRUH VSHFLILFV DERXW DQ
LWLQHUDU\ D VHDW
V ORFDWLRQ FRYHUHG DX[LOLDU\ SURGXFWV HWF
,9 5(68/76$1'',6&866,21 7KLVZRXOGKHOSLQWKHIRUPXODWLRQRIDGDLO\RUHYHQKRXUO\
IOLJKW SULFH SUHGLFWLRQ PRGHO WKDW LV PRUH HIIHFWLYH DQG
$IWHUWUDLQLQJYDULRXVPRGHOVRQWKHGDWDVHWXVLQJGLIIHUHQW
FRPSOHWH
0/ DOJRULWKPV WKH UHVXOWV DUH IRUPXODWHG E\ FRPSDULQJ
$GGLWLRQDOO\ WKH DLUIDUH SULFHV PD\ EH LPSDFWHG E\ DQ
WKHLUSHUIRUPDQFH PHWULFV DV VKRZQLQ 7DEOH)URPWDEOH
XQH[SHFWHGO\KLJKYROXPHRIWUDYHOHUVEURXJKWRQE\FHUWDLQ
 LW FDQ EH LQIHUHQFHG WKDW WKH HQVHPEOH RI WKH $UWLILFLDO
VSHFLDO HYHQWV 7R VXSSOHPHQW WKH SUHGLFWLRQ PRGHO HYHQWV
1HXUDO 1HWZRUNV ;*%RRVW 5HJUHVVRU DQG /LJKW *UDGLHQW
GDWD IURP QXPHURXV VRXUFHV OLNH VRFLDO PHGLD SODWIRUPV
%RRVWHG 0DFKLQH 5HJUHVVLRQ PRGHOV JLYHV WKH OHDVW PHDQ
DQGQHZVRUJDQL]DWLRQVFRXOGEHDPDVVHG
VTXDUHHUURUDQGPHDQDEVROXWHHUURUEHVLGHVKDYLQJDKLJK
5VFRUH+HQFHWKHFRPELQDWLRQRIWKHVHDOJRULWKPVIRUPV 
WKHSURSRVHGPRGHO 5()(5(1&(6


>@ &.RRSPDQVDQG5/LHVKRXW³$LUOLQHFRVWFKDQJHV7RZKDWH[WHQW
DUHWKH\SDVVHGWKURXJKWRWKHSDVVHQJHU´-RXUQDORI $LU 7UDQVSRUW
0DQDJHPHQWYROSS±
 >@ 0'DL4/LXDQG.6HUIHV³,VWKHHIIHFWRIFRPSHWLWLRQRQSULFH
7$%/(  3HUIRUPDQFH PHWULFV RI WKH LPSOHPHQWHG 0/ GLVSHUVLRQ QRQPRQRWRQLF" HYLGHQFH IURP WKH XV DLUOLQH LQGXVWU\´
DOJRULWKPV 5HYLHZ RI (FRQRPLFV DQG 6WDWLVWLFV YRO  QR  SS ±
 
>@ $-RVKL+6LNDULD7'HYLUHGG\³3UHGLFWLQJ)OLJKW3ULFHVLQ,QGLD´
5HSRUWSS
>@ : *URYHV DQG 0 *LQL ³$Q DJHQW IRU RSWLPL]LQJ DLUOLQH WLFNHW
SXUFKDVLQJ´ WK ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH RQ $XWRQRPRXV $JHQWV
DQG0XOWLDJHQW6\VWHPV $$0$6 6W3DXO010D\
SS
>@ 7-DQVVHQ$OLQHDUTXDQWLOHPL[HGUHJUHVVLRQPRGHOIRUSUHGLFWLRQRI
DLUOLQHWLFNHWSULFHV%DFKHORU7KHVLV5DGERXG8QLYHUVLW\
>@ 55HQ<<DQJDQG6<XDQ³3UHGLFWLRQRI $LUOLQH7LFNHW3ULFH´
8QLYHUVLW\RI6WDQIRUGSS
>@ .7]LULGLV7.DODPSRNDV*$3DSDNRVWDVDQG.,'LDPDQWDUDV
³$LUIDUHSULFHVSUHGLFWLRQXVLQJPDFKLQHOHDUQLQJWHFKQLTXHV´,QWKH
WK ,((( (XURSHDQ VLJQDO SURFHVVLQJ FRQIHUHQFH  SS ±

>@ ( - 6DQWDQD 6 0 0DVWHOLQL DQG 6 %DUERQ -U ³'HHS 5HJUHVVRU
6WDFNLQJ IRU $LU 7LFNHW 3ULFHV 3UHGLFWLRQ´ LQ WKH ;,,, %UD]LOLDQ
V\PSRVLXP RQ LQIRUPDWLRQ V\VWHPV LQIRUPDWLRQ V\VWHPV IRU
SDUWLFLSDWRU\ GLJLWDO JRYHUQDQFH %UD]LOLDQ &RPSXWHU 6RFLHW\ 6%& 
SS±
>@ :DQJ7LDQ\L 3RX\DQIDU6DPLUD 7LDQ+DLPDQ 7DR<XGRQJ
$ORQVR0LJXHO /XLV6WHYHQ &KHQ6KX&KLQJ  $
)UDPHZRUN IRU $LUIDUH 3ULFH 3UHGLFWLRQ $ 0DFKLQH /HDUQLQJ
$SSURDFK ,Q ,((( WK ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH RQ ,QIRUPDWLRQ
 5HXVHDQG,QWHJUDWLRQIRU'DWD6FLHQFH ,5, SS
9 &21&/86,21$1')8785(6&23( >@ + 'UXFNHU &-& %XUJHV / .DXIPDQ $ 6PROD DQG 9 9DSQLN
6XSSRUWYHFWRUUHJUHVVLRQPDFKLQHV$GYDQFHVLQQHXUDOLQIRUPDWLRQ
 SURFHVVLQJV\VWHPVYROSS
,QWKLVSDSHUD0/IUDPHZRUNZDVGHYHORSHGWRSUHGLFWWKH >@ 9 1DLU DQG * ( +LQWRQ ³5HFWLILHG OLQHDU XQLWV LPSURYH UHVWULFWHG
DLUIDUHWLFNHWSULFHVEHWZHHQ0DUFKWR-XQH %ROW]PDQQ PDFKLQHV´ LQ WKH WK LQWHUQDWLRQDO FRQIHUHQFH RQ
PDFKLQHOHDUQLQJSS±


18 2023 13th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence)
Authorized licensed use limited to: Parul Institute of Engineering and Technology. Downloaded on March 28,2023 at 09:19:08 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen