$SSOLFDWLRQRI1HZ*HQHULF0RGHOVIRU39DQG

%DWWHU\6WRUDJHLQ6\VWHP3ODQQLQJ6WXGLHV
;LDRNDQJ;XSenior MemberIEEEDQG(GJDU&DVDOHSenior MemberIEEE
0DUWLQ%LVKRSSenior MemberIEEEDQG'RQQD*2LNDULQHQMemberIEEE
6 &(OHFWULF&RPSDQ\
)UDQNOLQ:,86$
[LDRNDQJ[X#VDQGFFRP

Abstract²7KLVSDSHUSUHVHQWVDQGGLVFXVVHVWKHDSSOLFDWLRQRI VWRUH H[FHVV VRODU HQHUJ\ PDLQWDLQ FRQVWDQW QHW VRODU SRZHU
WKHQHZJHQHULFG\QDPLFPRGHOVIRUUHQHZDEOHSODQWFRQWUROVDQG LQWR WKH JULG DQG SURYLGH DQFLOODU\ VHUYLFHV VXFK DV IDVW
EDWWHU\ HQHUJ\ VWRUDJH V\VWHPV 7KH SODQW OHYHO FRQWURO PRGHO UHVSRQVHIDVWUHJXODWLQJUHVHUYHRUYROWDJHFRQWURO7KH%(66
IXQFWLRQVDVDPDVWHUFRQWUROOHUWKDWLQWHUIDFHVZLWKGHYLFHVLQD
LV GHVLJQHG WR FRQWURO DQG FRRUGLQDWH ZLWK WKH 39 SODQW VXFK
39JHQHUDWLRQSODQWDQGDEDWWHU\HQHUJ\VWRUDJHV\VWHP%(66
ERWK RI ZKLFK IXQFWLRQ DV DX[LOLDU\ GHYLFHV ,Q WKLV SDSHU WKH WKDWWKHQHWSRZHULQWRWKHJULGIURPWKHSODQWLVPDLQWDLQHGWR
JHQHULFPRGHOVIRUWKHSODQWPDVWHUFRQWUROOHU%(66DQG39SODQW EH D VHW YDOXH LQ VWHDG\ VWDWH DQG G\QDPLF FRQGLWLRQV ,Q
KDYHEHHQFRQILJXUHGSDUDPHWHUL]HGDQGWXQHGIRUXVHLQDV\VWHP DGGLWLRQ WR D VLPXODWLRQ VWXG\ UHSRUW VKRZLQJ G\QDPLF
SODQQLQJ VWXG\ ,Q WKLV VWXG\ ERWK WKH 39 SODQW DQG %(66 DUH FDSDELOLW\ WKH SURMHFW LQWHUFRQQHFWLRQ QRUPDOO\ UHTXLUHV WKDW
FRRUGLQDWHG DQG FRQWUROOHG E\ WKH SODQW PDVWHU FRQWUROOHU WR WKHSURMHFWGHYHORSHUVXEPLWSODQWPRGHOVIRUV\VWHPSODQQLQJ
PDLQWDLQ D FRQVWDQW QHW SRZHU IORZ LQWR WKH JULG DQG WR PHHW
VWXGLHVWRWKHSRZHUV\VWHPRSHUDWRU
V\VWHPUHTXLUHPHQWVRIWKHUHQHZDEOHLQWHUFRQQHFWLRQDJUHHPHQW
'\QDPLF VWXGLHV VKRZ WKDW WKH FRQILJXUHG DQG SDUDPHWHUL]HG
PRGHOV IRU WKH PDVWHU FRQWUROOHU 39 SODQW DQG %(66 DUH
SHUIRUPLQJ DV H[SHFWHG IRU V\VWHP FRQWLQJHQF\ HYHQWV 7KHVH
WXQHGPRGHOVDUHEHLQJVXEPLWWHG WRWKHSRZHUV\VWHPRSHUDWRU
IRU V\VWHP SODQQLQJ VWXGLHV DQG IRU FRPSOLDQFH ZLWK WKH
LQWHUFRQQHFWLRQUHTXLUHPHQWVIRUWKH39%(66SODQW7KLVLVWKH
ILUVW VXEPLVVLRQ RI VXFK JHQHULF PRGHOV FRQILJXUHG DQG
SDUDPHWHUL]HG IRU D FRPELQHG 39%(66 SURMHFW +HQFH WKLV
SDSHUVKDUHVDQGSURYLGHVXVHIXOJXLGHOLQHVLQDSSO\LQJWKHVHQHZ
JHQHULF PRGHOV RI WKH SODQW PDVWHU FRQWUROOHU 39 SODQW DQG
EDWWHU\ VWRUDJH V\VWHP IRU V\VWHP SODQQLQJ VWXGLHV RQ RWKHU
VLPLODUSURMHFWV
Index Terms%DWWHU\VWRUDJHFRQWLQJHQF\HQHUJ\FXUWDLOPHQW
PDVWHUDX[LOLDU\ FRQWURO SRZHU FRQWURO UHQHZDEOH HQHUJ\ 39
V\VWHPSODQQLQJ

,,1752'8&7,21

6

2/$5HQHUJ\LVFOHDQUHQHZDEOHDQGZLGHO\GLVWULEXWHG,W )LJ6KDUHRIQHZ86JHQHUDWLQJFDSDFLW\DGGLWLRQV4>@
LVEHFRPLQJWKHWKLUGPRVWLPSRUWDQWUHQHZDEOHJHQHUDWLRQ 
VRXUFHLQWHUPVRIJOREDOO\LQVWDOOHGFDSDFLW\DIWHUK\GURDQG 7$%/(,(/(&75,&*5,'(1(5*<6725$*(6(59,&(6
&DWHJRU\ 'HVFULSWLRQ
ZLQG SRZHU *70 5HVHDUFK DQG 6RODU (QHUJ\ ,QGXVWULHV (OHFWULF(QHUJ\7LPHVKLIW$UELWUDJH
$VVRFLDWLRQKDYHUHSRUWHGWKDWWKHWRWDORSHUDWLQJ39FDSDFLW\ %XON(QHUJ\
(OHFWULF6XSSO\&DSDFLW\
6HUYLFHV
LQWKH86UHDFKHGDERXW*:E\WKHHQGRI>@,QWKDW $YRLGHG5HQHZDEOH&XUWDLOPHQW
)UHTXHQF\5HJXODWLRQ
VDPH\HDUIRUWKHILUVWWLPHHYHUVRODUVXUSDVVHGQDWXUDOJDV 6SLQQLQJ1RQVSLQQLQJDQG6XSSOHPHQWDO5HVHUYHV
FDSDFLW\DGGLWLRQVZLWKVRODUVXSSO\LQJDERXWRIDOOQHZ $QFLOODU\
9ROWDJH6XSSRUW
6HUYLFHV
JHQHUDWLRQFDSDFLW\EURXJKWRQOLQHLQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV)LJ %ODFN6WDUW
2WKHUUHODWHGXVHV
,QWHJUDWLRQRIODUJHDPRXQWVRIVRODUJHQHUDWLRQLQWRWKHSRZHU 7UDQVPLVVLRQ
7UDQVPLVVLRQ8SJUDGH'HIHUUDO
JULGSRVHVFKDOOHQJHVWRSRZHUV\VWHPRSHUDWLRQDQGFRQWURO ,QIUDVWUXFWXUH
7UDQVPLVVLRQ&RQJHVWLRQ5HOLHI
%DWWHU\HQHUJ\VWRUDJHV\VWHPV%(66DUHIUHTXHQWO\EHLQJ 6HUYLFHV
'LVWULEXWLRQ 'LVWULEXWLRQ8SJUDGH'HIHUUDO
H[DPLQHGRUDSSOLHGIRUYDULRXVSRZHUV\VWHPDSSOLFDWLRQVVHH ,QIUDVWUXFWXUH 9ROWDJH6XSSRUW
7DEOH ,>@2QHRIWKHPDQ\FDSDELOLWLHVRIEDWWHU\HQHUJ\ 6HUYLFHV 2XWDJH0LWLJDWLRQ
VWRUDJH V\VWHPV LV WKH DELOLW\ WR FRQWURO DQG FRRUGLQDWH ZLWK &XVWRPHU(QHUJ\
3RZHU4XDOLW\
3RZHU5HOLDELOLW\
UHQHZDEOHUHVRXUFHVVXFKDV39JHQHUDWLRQSODQWV 0DQDJHPHQW
5HWDLO(OHFWULF(QHUJ\7LPHVKLIW
7KLV SDSHU GLVFXVVHV D 39 SURMHFW WKDW XWLOL]HV D %(66 WR 6HUYLFHV
'HPDQG&KDUJH0DQDJHPHQW 


*UHHQWHFK0HGLD

‹,(((
 7KH VXEVHTXHQW VHFWLRQV GLVFXVV WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI WKH )LJ  VKRZV WKH EORFN GLDJUDP RI WKH QHZ JHQHULF PRGHO
FRQILJXUDWLRQ SDUDPHWHUV DQG ILQDO WXQLQJ RI QHZ JHQHULF
PRGHOVWRUHSUHVHQWWKHG\QDPLFSHUIRUPDQFHRIWKH39%(66
SODQW '\QDPLF FDVH VWXGLHV VKRZ WKDW WKH FRQILJXUHG DQG
SDUDPHWHUL]HG PRGHOV IRU WKH SODQW SHUIRUP DV H[SHFWHG IRU
V\VWHP FRQWLQJHQF\ HYHQWV  7R WKH EHVW NQRZOHGJH RI WKH
5((&B&>@>@IRUWKHEDWWHU\VWRUDJHHOHFWULFDOFRQWUROWKDW
UHSUHVHQWV WKH G\QDPLF SHUIRUPDQFH RI WKH 3&6 7KLV PRGHO
DFWV RQ DFWLYH DQG UHDFWLYH SRZHU UHIHUHQFHV IURP WKH SODQW
FRQWUROOHU PRGHO DQG SHUIRUPV DFWLYH DQG UHDFWLYH FRQWURO
UHVSRQVHV GXULQJ G\QDPLF V\VWHP HYHQWV )HHGEDFN IURP WKH
DXWKRUV WKLV LV WKH ILUVW DSSOLFDWLRQ RI WKHVH QHZO\GHYHORSHG
JHQHULFPRGHOVIRUG\QDPLFVLPXODWLRQIRUWKLVW\SHRISURMHFW
+HQFH WKLV SDSHU VKDUHV DQG SURYLGHV XVHIXO JXLGHOLQHV LQ
DSSO\LQJWKHVHQHZJHQHULFPRGHOVIRUV\VWHPSODQQLQJVWXGLHV
RQRWKHUVLPLODUSURMHFWV
EDWWHU\SRZHURXWSXWIRUPRQLWRULQJWKHVWDWHRIFKDUJH62&
RIEDWWHU\DQGVHWWLQJVIRUDSSURSULDWHDFWLYHFXUUHQWOLPLWVDUH
DOVRXVHGLQWKLVEORFN7KHPRGHOFDQEHVHWWRHLWKHU3SULRULW\
FRQWURO RU 4SULRULW\ FRQWURO EDVHG RQ SUDFWLFDO DSSOLFDWLRQ
QHHGV7KLVPRGHOSURYLGHVUHDODQGUHDFWLYHFXUUHQWFRPPDQGV
WR WKH JHQHUDWRUFRQYHUWHU PRGHO WR EH GLVFXVVHG LQ WKH QH[W
VHFWLRQ
,,1(:*(1(5,&02'(/62)7+(3/$17&21752//(5$1'
%$77(5<6725$*((/(&75,&$/&21752/
7R PHHW LQFUHDVLQJ LQGXVWU\ QHHGV :HVWHUQ (OHFWULFLW\
&RRUGLQDWLQJ &RXQFLO :(&& KDV UHFHQWO\ GHYHORSHG DQG
DSSURYHGQHZJHQHULFG\QDPLFPRGHOVRIWKHSODQWFRQWUROOHU
DQGEDWWHU\VWRUDJHHOHFWULFDOFRQWURO6 &(OHFWULF&RPSDQ\
LVDPHPEHURI:(&&¶V5HQHZDEOH(QHUJ\0RGHO7DVN)RUFH
DQG KDV SDUWLFLSDWHG LQ YDULRXV VWDJHV RI WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI
WKHVHQHZJHQHULFPRGHOV
 )LJVKRZVWKHEORFNGLDJUDPRIWKHQHZJHQHULFPRGHORI
WKHSODQWFRQWUROOHU5(3&B%>@>@7KLVPRGHOZDVGHVLJQHG
IRU FRQWURO DQG FRRUGLQDWLRQ ZLWK RWKHU JHQHULF PRGHOV IRU
YDULRXVHTXLSPHQWDQGGHYLFHVLQFOXGLQJ
 %DWWHU\HQHUJ\VWRUDJHV\VWHPV
 39LQYHUWHUV
 :LQGWXUELQHJHQHUDWRUV
 )$&76GHYLFHVHJ67$7&20RU69&DQG
 6\QFKURQRXVFRQGHQVHUV 
)LJ:(&&1HZJHQHULFSODQWFRQWUROOHUPRGHO5(3&B%EORFNGLDJUDP
,Q WKH GLDJUDP WKH SODQW FRQWUROOHU FDOOHG WKH ³PDVWHU´ 
FRQWUROOHULQWKLVSDSHUZLOOEHLQWHUIDFLQJDQGFRPPXQLFDWLQJ 3RZHU&RQYHUVLRQ6\VWHP3&6
ZLWKRQHRUPRUHRIWKHDERYHGHYLFHVFDOOHGWKH³DX[LOLDU\´
GHYLFH FRQWUROOHUV LQ WKLV SDSHU WR SHUIRUP YDULRXV FRQWURO ,QYHUWHU'&EXV&KRSSHU

IXQFWLRQV ,Q JHQHUDO WKH SODQW PDVWHU FRQWUROOHU PHDVXUHV

Batte
V\VWHP FRQGLWLRQV SURFHVVHV WDUJHW TXDQWLWLHV WKURXJK 3, %DWWHU\

FRQWUROOHUV DQG VHQGV FRQWURO VLJQDOV WR WKH DX[LOLDU\ GHYLFH

FRQWUROOHUVWRSHUIRUPRQHRUPRUHRIWKHIROORZLQJIXQFWLRQV
 )UHTXHQF\UHJXODWLRQ
 9ROWDJHUHJXODWLRQ $&ILOWHU

 $FWLYHSRZHUFRQWURO 8WLOLW\V\VWHP

 5HDFWLYHSRZHUFRQWURO )LJ6FKHPDWLFGLDJUDPRIDW\SLFDOEDWWHU\VWRUDJHV\VWHP
 3RZHUIDFWRUFRQWURO 
'HSHQGLQJRQWKHIHDWXUHVRIWKHDX[LOLDU\GHYLFHDQGFRQWURO
REMHFWLYHVHDFKRIWKHDX[LOLDU\GHYLFHVDUHGHVLJQHGWRUHFHLYH
D3FRPPDQGRUD4FRPPDQGRUERWKPo1, Po2 … PonWo1,
Wo2 … WonLQ)LJ0RUHRYHUWKHDX[LOLDU\LQSXWVVaux, Qaux
DQG PauxLQ)LJFDQEHXVHGIRULQWURGXFLQJDQ\VSHFLDOL]HG
FRQWUROVWKDWPD\EHXQLTXHWRVSHFLILFSURMHFWV
)LJLVDVFKHPDWLFGLDJUDPWRVKRZPDMRUFRPSRQHQWVLQD
W\SLFDO %(66 WKDW LQFOXGH D EDWWHU\ DQG DQ LQVXODWHGJDWH
ELSRODU WUDQVLVWRU ,*%7 EDVHG SRZHU FRQYHUVLRQ V\VWHP
3&6ZKLFKLQYHUWV'&SRZHUIURPEDWWHU\WR$&SRZHUWRWKH
JULGEDWWHU\GLVFKDUJLQJRUUHFWLILHV$&SRZHUIURPWKHJULG
WR'&SRZHUWRFKDUJHWKHEDWWHU\7KHFRQWURODQGPRQLWRULQJ
V\VWHPLVWKHNH\SDUWRIWKH3&67KH/&ILOWHULVLQWHQGHGWR
UHGXFH KLJK IUHTXHQF\ KDUPRQLFV IURP WKH SXOVH ZLGWK
PRGXODWLRQ3:0XVHGLQWKH3&6 
)LJ:(&&QHZJHQHULFPRGHO5((&B&EORFNGLDJUDPIRUEDWWHU\
VWRUDJHHOHFWULFDOFRQWURO

‹,(((
 7KH QHZ JHQHULF SODQW FRQWUROOHU DQG EDWWHU\ VWRUDJH UHQHZDEOH JHQHUDWRU XVLQJ WKH :(&& QG JHQHUDWLRQ JHQHULF
HOHFWULFDOFRQWUROPRGHOVKDYHEHHQLPSOHPHQWHGDQGWHVWHGLQ UHQHZDEOH V\VWHP PRGHOV LQFOXGLQJ WKH IROORZLQJ PRGXOHV
VHYHUDOZLGHO\XVHGSRZHUV\VWHPDQDO\VLVVRIWZDUHSURJUDPV >@
VXFKDV366Š(>@36/)Œ>@DQG3RZHU:RUOG6LPXODWRU>@  5(*&B$*HQHUDWRUFRQYHUWHUPRGXOH
)RU WKLV SDSHU RQO\ WKH ZRUN SHUIRUPHG XVLQJ 366Š( LV
SUHVHQWHGDQGGLVFXVVHG
,,,,03/(0(17$7,212)7+(1(:*(1(5,&02'(/6)257+(
393/$17$1'%$77(5<(1(5*<6725$*(6<67(0
7KHQHZJHQHULFPRGHOVIRUWKHSODQWFRQWUROOHUDQGEDWWHU\
VWRUDJHHOHFWULFDOFRQWURODVZHOODVRWKHUGHYLFHPRGHOVKDYH
 5((&B%39HOHFWULFDOFRQWUROPRGXOH
3DUDPHWHUV RI WKHVH JHQHULF UHQHZDEOH V\VWHP PRGHOV ZHUH
VHOHFWHG EDVHG RQ DFWXDO HTXLSPHQW FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RU W\SLFDO
HQJLQHHULQJ YDOXHV DQG WKHLU FRQWURO EORFN GLDJUDPV DUH
LQFOXGHGLQWKH$SSHQGL[RIWKLVSDSHU
7KH%(66ZDVPRGHOHGDVDUHQHZDEOHJHQHUDWRUXVLQJWKH
IROORZLQJPRGXOHV
EHHQFRQILJXUHGSDUDPHWHUL]HGDQGWXQHGIRUD39SODQWSURMHFW  5(*&B$*HQHUDWRUFRQYHUWHUPRGXOH
ZLWKDSODQQHG%(66EDVHGRQDFWXDOHTXLSPHQWFKDUDFWHULVWLFV  5((&B&%DWWHU\VWRUDJHHOHFWULFDOFRQWUROPRGXOH
7KHFRQILJXUHGDQGSDUDPHWHUL]HGPRGHOVDUHEHLQJVXEPLWWHG VHH)LJ
WR WKH SRZHU V\VWHP RSHUDWRU IRU FRPSOLDQFH ZLWK %RWKWKH39SODQWDQGWKH%(66FRQWUROPRGHOVDUHDSSOLHGDV
LQWHUFRQQHFWLRQUHTXLUHPHQWVRIWKHSURMHFW DX[LOLDU\ GHYLFHV XQGHU WKH FRQWURO RI WKH SODQW PDVWHU
FRQWUROOHU PRGHOHG XVLQJ WKH QHZ JHQHULF SODQW FRQWUROOHU
A. Description of the PV Plant Project PRGHO5(3&B%VHH)LJ7KHSODQWPDVWHUFRQWUROOHUZDV
)LJVKRZVDVLPSOLILHGVFKHPDWLFGLDJUDPRIWKH39SODQW VHWWRRSHUDWHLQD3FRQWUROPRGHZLWKYROWDJHUHJXODWLRQDQG
SURMHFW7KHSURMHFWLVFRQQHFWHGWRWKHN9EXVWKHSRLQW FRRUGLQDWH ZLWK DX[LOLDU\ GHYLFH FRQWUROOHU PRGHOV 5((&B%
RILQWHUFRQQHFWLRQRU³32,´WKURXJKLWVDVVRFLDWHGWUDQVIRUPHU DQG5((&B&WRPDLQWDLQWKHSRZHUIORZDQGYROWDJHDWWKH32,
DQG KDV D PD[LPXP RXWSXW RI DSSUR[LPDWHO\  0: 7R WREHZLWKLQDVSHFLILHGUDQJH7KH%(66ZDVVHWWR3SULRULW\
GHOLYHUDVWDEOH39SRZHUWRWKHJULGDQGSURYLGHJULGVHFXULW\ FRQWURO )LJ  VKRZV GDWD IORZ DQG LQWHUDFWLRQ RI WKH
VHUYLFHVHJIUHTXHQF\UHJXODWLRQD0:0:K%(66LV
GHVLJQHG WR FRQWURO DQG FRRUGLQDWH ZLWK WKH 39 SODQW 7KLV
%(66VWRUHVH[FHVVVRODUHQHUJ\GXULQJWKHGD\DQGGLVFKDUJHV
HQHUJ\EDFNWRWKHJULGGXULQJWKHQLJKW,QDGGLWLRQWKH%(66
DOVRSURYLGHVDQFLOODU\VHUYLFHVVXFKDVIDVWIUHTXHQF\UHVSRQVH
LQWHUFRQQHFWHG SODQW PDVWHU FRQWUROOHU DQG DX[LOLDU\ GHYLFH
PRGHOV3DUDPHWHUVRIWKHPRGHOV5(3&B%DQG5((&B&ZHUH
VHOHFWHGDQGWXQHGXVLQJHLWKHUDFWXDOHTXLSPHQWFKDUDFWHULVWLFV
RUW\SLFDOHQJLQHHULQJYDOXHV


IDVWUHJXODWLQJUHVHUYHDQGYROWDJHFRQWURO    


 
   5
7RUHVWRI
WKHV\VWHP 

'LHVHO


JHQHUDWRUV


 


    




  5

 
 

39SODQW
    



32,EUDQFK     +
 
   
 

%(66

      



    5
32,EXV



 


 
)LJ6FKHPDWLFGLDJUDPRIWKH39SODQWZLWKWKH%(66 )LJ366Š(RQHOLQHGLDJUDPRIWKH39%(66SURMHFW
349
0HDVXUHPHQWV
7KHFRQWUROV\VWHPIRUWKH39%(66SODQWLVFRQILJXUHGVXFK DWWKH32,
WKDW D SODQW PDVWHU FRQWUROOHU LV DSSOLHG WKDW DFFHSWV VLJQDO 3ODQW0DVWHU
RXWSXWV IURP ERWK WKH 39 SODQW DQG WKH %(66 2QH RI WKH &RQWUROOHU0RGHO
5(3&B% 349
FRQWUROUHTXLUHPHQWVLVWRPDLQWDLQDFRQVWDQWQHWSRZHUIORZ 5HIHUHQFHV

LQWR WKH JULG ZKHQ WKH 39 SURGXFWLRQ YDULHV $QRWKHU

UHTXLUHPHQWLVWRFXUWDLOWKH39RXWSXWZKHQWKH%(66WULSVGXH 3 4 3 4
&RPPDQGV
WRFRQWLQJHQF\HYHQWV &RPPDQGV

,QWKLVV\VWHPWKHUHDUHDOVRPXOWLSOHGLHVHOJHQHUDWRUVWKDW %(660RGHO 6RODU390RGHO

DUHRSHUDWLQJRQWKHLURZQH[FLWDWLRQDQGJRYHUQRUV\VWHPV 5((&B& 5((&B%
5(*&B$ 5(*&B$

B. Modeling of the PV Plant and the BESS

3 42XWSXWV 3 42XWSXWV
7KHV\VWHPPRGHOIRUWKHSURMHFWZDVLPSOHPHQWHGLQ366Š(
WRVLPXODWHRSHUDWLRQGXULQJG\QDPLFHYHQWV)LJVKRZVWKH
366Š( RQHOLQH GLDJUDP RI WKH LPSOHPHQWHG 39 SODQW DQG 1HWZRUN6ROXWLRQ
0RGHO
%(66ZKHUHWKHQXPEHUVUHSUHVHQWDFWLYH0:DQGUHDFWLYH 
09$USRZHUIORZVDQGEXVYROWDJHVERWKLQSHUXQLWSX )LJ,QWHUDFWLRQGLDJUDPRIWKHLQWHUFRQQHFWHGSODQWPDVWHUFRQWUROOHUDQG
DQGN9,QWKLVLPSOHPHQWDWLRQWKH39SODQWZDVPRGHOHGDVD DX[LOLDU\GHYLFHPRGHOVIRUWKH39%(66SODQW

‹,(((
 7KHGLHVHOJHQHUDWRUVDQGWKHUHPDLQGHURIWKHV\VWHPRQWKH 0: WKH EOXH OLQH LV WKH 0: IORZ RQ WKH 32, EUDQFK
JULG VLGH IURP WKH 32, ZHUH PRGHOHG DV FRQYHQWLRQDO
JHQHUDWRUV ZLWK H[FLWHUV DQG JRYHUQRUV ZLWK WKH SDUDPHWHUV
EDVHGRQDFWXDOHTXLSPHQWFKDUDFWHULVWLFV
,9'<1$0,&&$6(678',(6
RYHUODSSLQJWKHUHGOLQHDIWHUVHFRQGLQWKHILJXUHDQGWKH
JUHHQOLQHLVWKH%(66RXWSXWLQ0:,WFDQEHREVHUYHGLQWKH
ILJXUHWKDWIROORZLQJWKHGLVWXUEDQFHWKHSODQWPDVWHUFRQWUROOHU
DQGDX[LOLDU\GHYLFHVDUHUHVSRQGLQJDVH[SHFWHGWRFRQWUROWKH
0:IORZRQWKH32,EUDQFKWREHDWWKHSUHGLVWXUEDQFHYDOXH
7KHFRQILJXUHGDQGSDUDPHWHUL]HGPRGHOVGHVFULEHGLQWKH  0: DIWHU WKH G\QDPLF HYHQW DQG DOO DGMXVWPHQWV E\ WKH
SUHYLRXVVHFWLRQZHUHLPSOHPHQWHGWRUHSOLFDWHYDULRXVV\VWHP FRQWURO V\VWHPV )LJ  VKRZV WKH SRVWFRQWLQJHQF\ SRZHU
VFHQDULRVDQGG\QDPLFHYHQWVLQWKHV\VWHPSODQQLQJVWXG\)RU IORZRIWKHV\VWHPDIWHUWKH%(66WULSV 
LOOXVWUDWLYH SXUSRVHV RQO\ RQH V\VWHP VFHQDULR DQG WZR 

G\QDPLFHYHQWVDUHGLVFXVVHGKHUH Red=PVproductioninMW



,QWKLVV\VWHPVFHQDULRDVVKRZQLQ)LJWKH39SODQWLV 

SURGXFLQJ  0: LQ WKH VWHDG\ VWDWH FRQGLWLRQ 7KH QHW VRODU Blue=POIbranchflowinMW


3RZHU0:

SRZHU LQWR WKH JULG RU WKH 0: IORZ RQ WKH 32, EUDQFK LV 

UHTXLUHGWREHIL[HGDW0:WDUJHWYDOXH$VVXFKWKH%(66 

LVDEVRUELQJH[FHVVVRODUSRZHURI0:FKDUJLQJPRGH7KH Green=BESSoutputinMW





FRQWUROV\VWHPLVVHWWRFRQWUROWKHIORZRQWKH32,EUDQFKWREH 

WKDWWDUJHWYDOXHGXULQJG\QDPLFHYHQWV 




A. System Response to PV Production Variations           
7LPHVHFRQGV

,QWKLVFDVHWKH39SURGXFWLRQGURSVE\DERXW0:DW )LJ6LPXODWLRQUHVXOWVRIWKHSODQWPDVWHUFRQWUROOHU32,EUDQFKIORZDQG
VHFRQGLQWRWKHVLPXODWLRQHYHQWDQGULVHVEDFNWR0:DWWKH WKHDX[LOLDU\39DQG%(66RXWSXWVIROORZLQJWKHWULSSLQJRIWKH%(66
 VHFRQG SRLQW WR VLPXODWH FORXG FKDQJHV 7KH SODQW PDVWHU


FRQWUROOHU GHWHFWV WKLV GLVWXUEDQFH SURFHVVHV V\VWHP    


 

PHDVXUHPHQWV DQG VHQGV DSSURSULDWH 3FRPPDQGV WR WKH

   5
7RUHVWRI
WKHV\VWHP 
DX[LOLDU\39DQG%(66HOHFWULFDOFRQWUROPRGHOV)LJVKRZV 
'LHVHO


JHQHUDWRUV
WKHG\QDPLFVLPXODWLRQUHVXOWVDIWHUWKHGLVWXUEDQFHZKHUHWKH


 


UHG FXUYH LV WKH 39 SURGXFWLRQ LQ 0: WKH EOXH FXUYH LV WKH     



  5

0:IORZRQWKH32,EUDQFKDQGWKHJUHHQFXUYHLVWKH%(66  

 
RXWSXWLQ0:,QWKLVILJXUHLWFDQEHREVHUYHGWKDWIROORZLQJ
WKH GLVWXUEDQFH WKH SODQW PDVWHU FRQWUROOHU DQG DX[LOLDU\ 39SODQW

GHYLFHVDUHUHVSRQGLQJDVH[SHFWHGWRFRQWUROWKH0:IORZRQ
    



32,EUDQFK     /

WKH32,EUDQFKWREHDWWKHSUHGLVWXUEDQFHYDOXH0:7KLV

 
   
 

VLPXODWLRQLVUHSUHVHQWDWLYHRIDQDSSOLFDWLRQZKHUHWKH%(66
%(66
LVXVHGWRVPRRWKWKHRXWSXWRID39SODQW 
  




 
 32,EXV

  



  
Red=PVproductioninMW

)LJ3RVWFRQWLQJHQF\SRZHUIORZIROORZLQJWKHWULSSLQJRIWKH%(66

Blue=POIbranchflowinMW
3RZHU0:

9&21&/86,216


7KLVSDSHUKDVSUHVHQWHGDQGGLVFXVVHGWKHDSSOLFDWLRQRIWKH


 Green=BESSoutputinMW
 QHZJHQHULFG\QDPLFPRGHOVIRUWKHSODQWPDVWHUFRQWUROOHUDQG



EDWWHU\ VWRUDJH HOHFWULFDO FRQWURO 7KH SODQW PDVWHU FRQWUROOHU
 PRGHO FDQ EH XVHG WR FRQWURO DQG FRRUGLQDWH WKH RXWSXWV RI

           PXOWLSOH W\SHV RI GHYLFHV LQFOXGLQJ EDWWHU\ HQHUJ\ VWRUDJH
7LPHVHFRQGV 
)LJ5HVSRQVHVRIWKHSODQWPDVWHUFRQWUROOHU32,EUDQFKIORZDQGWKH
DX[LOLDU\39DQG%(66RXWSXWVIROORZLQJVRODUYDULDWLRQV
B. System Response to the Tripping of the BESS
,QWKLVFDVHDFRQWLQJHQF\HYHQWFDXVHVWKHWULSSLQJRIWKH
%(66DQGWKHRXWSXWJRHVWR]HURDWWKH%(66FRQQHFWLRQSRLQW
7KH39SODQWLVUHTXLUHGWRFXUWDLOSURGXFWLRQWRPDLQWDLQWKH
V\VWHPV 39 LQYHUWHUV DQGRU ZLQG WXUELQH FRQWUROV
V\QFKURQRXV FRQGHQVHUV DQG )$&76 GHYLFHV 7KH SDSHU
GHPRQVWUDWHGFRQILJXULQJSDUDPHWHUL]LQJDQGWXQLQJWKHQHZ
JHQHULFPRGHOVIRUWKHSODQWPDVWHUFRQWUROOHUEDWWHU\HQHUJ\
VWRUDJH V\VWHP DQG 39 SODQW IRU D SUDFWLFDO PDVWHUDX[LOLDU\
FRQWURODSSOLFDWLRQ,QWKLVDSSOLFDWLRQERWKWKH39SODQWDQG
EDWWHU\HQHUJ\VWRUDJHV\VWHPDUHFRRUGLQDWHGDQGFRQWUROOHGE\
0:IORZRQWKH32,EUDQFKDWWKHWDUJHWYDOXH0:7KH
SODQW PDVWHU FRQWUROOHU GHWHFWV WKH FRQWLQJHQF\ SURFHVVHV
V\VWHP PHDVXUHPHQWV DQG VHQGV DSSURSULDWH 3FRPPDQGV WR
WKH 39 HOHFWULFDO FRQWURO PRGHO WR FXUWDLO WKH 39 SURGXFWLRQ
IURP  0: WR  0: )LJ  VKRZV WKH VLPXODWHG UHVSRQVHV
DIWHUWKHGLVWXUEDQFHZKHUHWKHUHGOLQHLVWKH39SURGXFWLRQLQ
‹,(((
WKHSODQWPDVWHUFRQWUROOHUWRPDLQWDLQSRZHUIORZDWWKHSRLQW
RI LQWHUFRQQHFWLRQ WR PHHW V\VWHP UHTXLUHPHQWV RI WKH
LQWHUFRQQHFWLRQ DJUHHPHQW '\QDPLF 6LPXODWLRQV ZKLFK DUH
URXWLQHO\ SHUIRUPHG DV D SDUW RI WKH V\VWHP SODQQLQJ VWXG\
GHPRQVWUDWHG WKDW WKH FRQILJXUHG DQG SDUDPHWHUL]HG GHYLFH
PRGHOVIRUWKH39SODQWDUHSHUIRUPLQJDVH[SHFWHGIRUV\VWHP
FRQWLQJHQF\HYHQWV7KHVHWXQHGPRGHOVDUHEHLQJVXEPLWWHGWR  HOHFWULFLW\ VWRUDJH KDQGERRN LQ FROODERUDWLRQ ZLWK 15(&$
6$1'6DQGLD1DWLRQDO/DERUDWRULHV$OEXTXHUTXH10DQG
WKHSRZHUV\VWHPRSHUDWRUIRUV\VWHPSODQQLQJVWXGLHVDQGIRU /LYHUPRUH&$>2QOLQH@$YDLODEOH
FRPSOLDQFH ZLWK WKH LQWHUFRQQHFWLRQUHTXLUHPHQWV IRU WKH39 KWWSHQHUJ\JRYVLWHVSURGILOHVI(OHF6WRUDJH+QGENSGI
SODQW 7KLV LV WKH ILUVW VXEPLVVLRQ RI WKH QHZ JHQHULF SODQW >@ (OHFWULF 3RZHU 5HVHDUFK ,QVWLWXWH  1RYHPEHU 0RGHO
FRQWUROOHUDQGEDWWHU\VWRUDJHPRGHOVIRUD39SODQW+HQFHWKLV 6SHFLILFDWLRQ IRU +LJK/HYHO 3ODQW &RQWUROOHU 0HPRUDQGXP LVVXHG WR
:(&&5(07)DQG09:*(35,3DOR$OWR&$
SDSHUVKDUHVDQGSURYLGHVXVHIXOJXLGHOLQHVLQDSSO\LQJWKHQHZ >@ 3 3RXUEHLN ³8SGDWH RQ 5(3&B% 0RGHO´ SUHVHQWHG DW WKH :(&&
JHQHULFSODQWFRQWUROOHUDQGEDWWHU\VWRUDJHPRGHOVIRUV\VWHP 09:*0HHWLQJ6DOW/DNH&LW\870DUFK>2QOLQH@$YDLODEOH
SODQQLQJVWXGLHVRQRWKHUVLPLODUSURMHFWV KWWSVZZZZHFFEL]5HOLDELOLW\5(07)B8SGDWHB33SGI
>@ :(&& 0RGHOLQJ DQG 9DOLGDWLRQ :RUN *URXS :(&& 5HQHZDEOH
(QHUJ\ 0RGHOLQJ 7DVN )RUFH 5HSRUW  0DU $GKRF *URXS RQ
9,$&.12:/('*0(17 %(66 0RGHOLQJ :(&& HQHUJ\ VWRUDJH V\VWHP PRGHO ± 3KDVH ,, 6DOW
7KHDXWKRUVJUDWHIXOO\DFNQRZOHGJHWKHGLVFXVVLRQVIURP'U /DNH&LW\87>2QOLQH@$YDLODEOH
KWWSVZZZZHFFEL]5HOLDELOLW\:(&&$SSURYHG(QHUJ\
-D\ 6HQWKLO RI 6LHPHQV 3RZHU 7HFKQRORJLHV ,QWHUQDWLRQDO
6WRUDJH6\VWHP0RGHO3KDVH,,SGI
37, 'U -XDQ 6DQFKH]*DVFD RI *HQHUDO (OHFWULF >@ ; ;X 0 %LVKRS ' * 2LNDULQHQ DQG & +DR $SSOLFDWLRQ DQG
,QWHUQDWLRQDO ,QF DQG 'U -DPHV :HEHU RI 3RZHU:RUOG 0RGHOLQJRI%DWWHU\(QHUJ\6WRUDJHLQ3RZHU6\VWHPV&6((-RXUQDO
&RUSRUDWLRQZLWKUHJDUGVWRLPSOHPHQWDWLRQDQGWHVWLQJRIWKH RI3RZHUDQG(QHUJ\6\VWHPV9RO1R6HSWHPEHUSS
>2QOLQH@$YDLODEOH
QHZ JHQHULF SODQW FRQWUROOHU DQG EDWWHU\ VWRUDJH HOHFWULFDO
KWWSLHHH[SORUHLHHHRUJVWDPSVWDPSMVS"DUQXPEHU 
FRQWURO PRGHOV LQ WKHLU UHVSHFWLYH VRIWZDUH SODWIRUPV >@ PSS®E Revision 33.8 Program Operation Manual and Model Library.
'LVFXVVLRQV RQ WKHVH PRGHOV IURP WKH :(&& 0RGHOLQJ 6LHPHQV3RZHU7HFKQRORJLHV,QWHUQDWLRQDO37,6FKHQHFWDG\1<0D\
9DOLGDWLRQ:RUN*URXSDQG5HQHZDEOH(QHUJ\0RGHOLQJ7DVN 
>@ PowerWorld Simulator Manual Version 18 3RZHU:RUOG &RUSRUDWLRQ
)RUFHDUHDOVRDSSUHFLDWHG
&KDPSDLJQ,/6HSWHPEHU
>@ PSLF™ User's Manual Version 19.0_02*HQHUDO(OHFWULF,QWHUQDWLRQDO
9,,$33(1',; ,QF6FKHQHFWDG\1<$SULO
>@ :(&&5HQHZDEOH(QHUJ\0RGHOLQJ7DVN)RUFH0D\:(&&
 )LJDQG)LJVKRZVWKHEORFNGLDJUDPVRIWKH:(&& 6RODU 3ODQW '\QDPLF 0RGHOLQJ *XLGHOLQHV :(&& 0RGHOLQJ DQG
JHQHULF PRGHOV 5(*&B$ DQG 5((&B% IRU UHQHZDEOH 9DOLGDWLRQ:RUN*URXS6DOW/DNH&LW\87>2QOLQH@$YDLODEOH
KWWSVZZZZHFFEL]5HOLDELOLW\:(&&6RODU3ODQW'\QDP
JHQHUDWRUDQGVRODUHOHFWULFDOFRQWURO>@ LF0RGHOLQJ*XLGHOLQHVSGI


)LJ%ORFNGLDJUDPRIWKHJHQHULFUHQHZDEOHJHQHUDWRUPRGHO5(*&B$
GEGGEG ITK
 VWBILOW 
VW .TY
V7UY

ITO
LIVW VGLSRUVW !VXS VUHI
9ROWDJHBGLS 
HOVH
9ROWDJHBGLS  )UHH]HVWDWHLI iTLQM
9ROWDJHBGLS 
PF)ODJ VPD[ ITPD[
QPD[ VPD[
   VIODJ Q)ODJ 
PH î   ITPD[
V7S .TS .TL
V .YS .YL  
  ITFPG
pfDUHI WDQ   V
QPLQ VPLQ
VPLQ 
QH[W QJHQ ITPLQ
VWBILOW ITPLQ
)UHH]HVWDWHLI 
9ROWDJHBGLS 

· IPD[ &XUUHQW
V7LT
/LPLW
)UHH]HVWDWHLI /RJLF
9ROWDJHBGLS  PQflag
&XUUHQW/LPLW/RJLF
43ULRULW\PQIODJ 
PPD[ dPPD[
ISPD[ IPD[ITFPGISPLQ  ISPD[
ITPD[ IPD[ITPLQ ITPD[

33ULRULW\PQIODJ  3UHI · ISFPG
V7SRUG
ISPD[ IPD[ITPLQ 
ISPLQ =0
ITPD[ IPD[ISFPG2ITPLQ ITPD[ PPLQ dPPLQ
)UHH]HVWDWHLI V
WBILOW


9ROWDJHBGLS 


)LJ%ORFNGLDJUDPRIWKHJHQHULFVRODUHOHFWULFDOFRQWUROPRGHO5((&B%

9,,,5()(5(1&(6
>@ *705HVHDUFKDQGWKH6RODU(QHUJ\,QGXVWULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ-XQH
86 6RODU 0DUNHW ,QVLJKW ([HFXWLYH 6XPPDU\ 4  >2QOLQH@
$YDLODEOH
KWWSZZZVHLDRUJUHVHDUFKUHVRXUFHVVRODUPDUNHWLQVLJKWUHSRUW
T
>@ $$$NKLO*+XII$%&XUULHU%&.DXQ'05DVWOHU6%&KHQ
$/&RWWHU'7%UDGVKDZDQG:'*DXQWOHWW-XO'2((35,

‹,(((