2장 연습문제 풀이

1 0 1 W
2.1-1 f (t ) =
2π ∫−W
[ jπ exp( jωt )]dω +
2π ∫ [− jπ exp( jωt )]dω
0

1 1 1
= [1 − exp(− jWt )] − [exp( jWt ) − 1] = (1 − cos Wt )
2t 2t t
2
2 sin (W 2)t
=
t
2.1-2 f (t ) = exp(− a t ) = exp(at )u (−t ) + exp(− at )u (t )
1 1 2a
∴ F [exp(at )u (−t ) + exp(−at )u (t )] = + = 2
a − jω a + j ω a + ω 2
2.1-3
∞ ∞
(a) F (0) = ∫−∞
f (t ) exp(− j 0)dt = ∫−∞
f (t ) dt

∞ ∞ ∞
(b) F (ω ) = ∫ −∞
f (t ) exp(− jωt )dt ≤ ∫
−∞
f (t ) exp(− jωt ) dt = ∫
−∞
f (t ) dt

2.2-1
∞ −∞
(a) ∫
−∞
e at u (−t )e − jωt dt = − ∫∞
e −aτ u (τ )e jωτ dτ (τ = −t )

∞ 1
= ∫ −∞
e − aτ u (τ )e jωτ dτ = F [e − aτ u (τ )]
ω → −ω
=
a − jω
(b) F [δ (t + T ) + δ (t − T )] = F [δ (t )]e jωT + F [δ (t )]e − jωT = e jωT + e − jωT = 2 cos ωT
(c) F [δ (t + T ) − δ (t − T )] = F [δ (t )]e jωT − F [δ (t )]e − jωT = e jωT − e − jωT = 2 j sin ωT
(d) f (t ) = sin πt[u (t + 1) − u (t − 1)]
sin πt = sin[π (t ± 1) m π ] = − sin π (t ± 1)
∴ f (t ) = − sin π (t + 1)u (t + 1) + sin π (t − 1)u (t − 1)
1 1
F [sin πtu (t )] = F [e jπt u (t )] − F [e − jπt u (t )]
2j 2j
1
F [e ± jπt u (t )] = + πδ (ω m π ) (변조 성질로부터)
j (ω m π )
1 1
F [sin πtu (t )] = F [e jπt u (t )] − F [e − jπt u (t )]
2j 2j
1  1 1 
=  + πδ (ω − π ) − − πδ (ω + π )
2 j  j (ω − π ) j (ω + π ) 
1  2π 
=  + πδ (ω − π ) − πδ (ω + π ) 
2 j  j (ω − π )
2 2

 ∴ F (ω ) = F [sin π (t − 1)u (t − 1) − sin π (t + 1)u (t + 1)]
e − jω − e jω  2π 
=  + πδ (ω − π ) − πδ (ω + π )
 j (ω − π )
2 2
2j 
 2π 
= − sin ω  + πδ (ω − π ) − πδ (ω + π )
 j (ω − π )
2 2

(e) f (t ) = cos πt[u (t + 1) − u (t − 1)]
여기서
cos πt = cos[π (t ± 1) m π ] = − cos π (t ± 1)
∴ f (t ) = − cos π (t + 1)u (t + 1) + cos π (t − 1)u (t − 1)
1 1
F [cos πtu (t )] = F [e jπt u (t )] + F [e − jπt u (t )]
2 2
1 1 1 
=  + πδ (ω − π ) + + πδ (ω + π )
2  j (ω − π ) j (ω + π ) 
1 2ω 
=  + πδ (ω − π ) + πδ (ω + π )
2  j (ω − π )
2 2

∴ F (ω ) = F [cos π (t − 1)u (t − 1) − cos π (t + 1)u (t + 1)]
e − jω − e jω  2ω 
=  + πδ (ω − π ) + πδ (ω + π )
 j (ω − π )
2 2
2 
 2ω 
= − j sin ω  + πδ (ω − π ) + πδ (ω + π )
 j (ω − π )
2 2


ω2 + 2
2.2-2 F (ω ) = (1 − jω ) + πδ (ω )
ω 4 + 3ω 2 + 2
ω2 + 2 1 − jω
= (1 − jω ) + πδ (ω ) = 2 + πδ (ω )
(ω + 2)(ω + 1)
2 2
ω +1
∞
(a) ∫−∞
f (t )dt = F (0) = 1 + πδ (0) = ∞

−1  2a 
(b) F  a 2 + ω 2  = exp(at )u (−t ) + exp(−at )u (t ) 이므로
 
−1  1 
F  ω 2 + 1 = 0.5 exp(t )u (−t ) + 0.5 exp(−t )u (t )
 

−1  jω  d
F  ω 2 + 1 = dt [0.5 exp(t )u (−t ) + 0.5 exp(−t )u (t )]
 
= 0.5 exp(t )u (−t ) − 0.5 exp(t )δ (t ) − 0.5 exp(−t )u (t ) + 0.5 exp(−t )δ (t )
= 0.5 exp(t )u (−t ) − 0.5δ (t ) − 0.5 exp(−t )u (t ) + 0.5δ (t )
= 0.5 exp(t )u (−t ) − 0.5 exp(−t )u (t )
 −1 1 − jω 
∴F  2 + πδ (ω )
 ω + 1 
= 0.5 exp(t )u ( −t ) − 0.5 exp(−t )u (t ) − 0.5 exp(t )u (−t ) + 0.5 exp(−t )u (t ) + 0.5
= 0 .5

2.2-3
(a) 척도 변화 원리에 의해
1  ω  1 (ω 2) 2 + j 4(ω 2) + 2 ω 2 + j8ω + 8
F [ f (2t )] = F  = =
2  2  2 − (ω 2) 2 + j 4(ω 2) + 3 − 2ω 2 + j16ω + 24
1 ω  ω 2 + j8ω + 8
(b) F [ f (1 − 2t )] = F [ f (−2(t − 1 2))] = F   exp(− j ω 2) = exp(− j ω 2)
2 2 − 2ω 2 + j16ω + 24
(ω + 1) 2 + j 4(ω + 1) + 2 ω 2 + 2ω (1 + j 2) + (3 + j 4)
(c) F [ f (t ) exp(− jt )] = F (ω + 1) = =
− (ω + 1) 2 + j 4(ω + 1) + 3 − ω 2 − 2ω (1 − j 2) + (2 + j 4)
jω 3 − j 4ω 2 + j 2ω
(d) F [ df (t ) dt ] = jωF (ω ) =
− ω 2 + j 4ω + 3
1 1 1 1
(e) F [ f (t ) cos πt ] = F [ f (t )e jπt ] + F [ f (t )e − jπt ] = F (ω − π ) + F (ω + π )
2 2 2 2
1  (ω − π ) 2 + j 4(ω − π ) + 2 (ω + π ) 2 + j 4(ω + π ) + 2 
=  + 
2  − (ω − π ) 2 + j 4(ω − π ) + 3 − (ω + π ) 2 + j 4(ω + π ) + 3 
ω 2 + j 4ω + 2
(f) F [ f (t ) ∗ δ (t − 2)] = F [ f (t − 2)] = F (ω ) exp(− j 2ω ) = exp(− j 2ω )
− ω 2 + j 4ω + 3
2
 ω 2 + j 4ω + 2 
(g) F [ f (t ) ∗ f (t )] = F (ω ) = 2


 − ω 2
+ j 4ω + 3 

 F (ω ) ω 2 + j 4ω + 2 2
f (τ ) dτ  =
t
(h) F
 ∫
−∞  jω
+ πF (0)δ (ω ) =
− jω − 4ω + j 3ω 3
3 2
+ πδ (ω )

2.2-4
sin t sin t
(a) f (t ) = ∗ δ (t ) =
t t
sin t sin 2t sin t sin 2t t  2t 
(b) f (t ) = ∗ = 0.5 ∗ = 0.5sinc  ∗ sinc 
t t t 2t π  π 
  t    2t 
F (ω ) = 0.5F sinc  × F sinc 
  π    π 
= 0.5 × πrect(ω 2) × 0.5πrect (ω 4) = 0.25πrect (ω 2)
 −1 1 t sin t
∴ f (t ) = F [0.25πrect (ω 2)] = 0.25π × sinc  = 0.25
π π  t

2.2-5
1  2ω 2 
(a) F [ f (−t )] = F (−ω ) = exp − 2 
ω 2 +1  ω + 1

(b) F [ f (t − 1) exp( j 2t )] = F (ω ) exp(− jω ) ω →ω − 2

 2(ω − 2) 2   2ω 2 − 4ω + 8 
exp − − j (ω − 2 )  exp − 2 − j (ω − 2)
 (ω − 2) + 1  ω − 4ω + 5
2
= = 
(ω − 2) + 1
2
ω 2 − 4ω + 5
j 4ω  2ω 2 
(c) F [4 df (t ) dt ] = j 4ωF (ω ) = exp − 2 
ω 2 +1  ω + 1
 F (ω ) 1  2ω 2 
f (τ ) dτ  =
t
(d) F
 ∫
−∞  jω
+ πF (0)δ (ω ) =
jω (ω 2 + 1)
exp − 2  + πδ (ω )
 ω + 1

2.2-6
sin t t
(a) f (t ) = = sinc  →
F
F (ω ) = πrect (ω 2)
t π
 
2
 sin t 
∞ π 2 ∞
∴ ∫
−∞ 
 t  dt = 2π

∫
−∞
rect 2 (ω 2)dt = π

1 1 1 1
(b) = × = f (t ) f ∗ (t ) → f (t ) =
a +t22
a + jt a − jt a + jt
1
exp(− at )u (t ) ←→
F
이므로 쌍대성에 의해
a + jω
1
←→
F
2π exp(aω )u (−ω )
a + jt

∞ 1 1 ∞
∴ ∫−∞ a + t 2
dt = 2
2π ∫
−∞
exp 2 (aω )u 2 (−ω )dω

1 0
=
2π ∫ −∞
exp(2aω )dω
0
1 1
= exp(2aω ) =
4 aπ −∞ 4 aπ

2a
(c) exp(− a t ) ←→
F
이므로 쌍대성에 의해
a +ω2
2
 2a
22
←→
F
2π exp(− a ω )
a +t
2 2
∞  1  1 π
∞ 
∴ ∫  2 2
−∞  a + t  dt =
2π ∫ 
−∞  a
exp(− a ω )  dω

π ∞
=
2a 2 ∫ −∞
exp(−2a ω )dω

π 
exp(2aω )dω + exp(−2aω )dω 
0 ∞
= 
2a  2 ∫ −∞ 0  ∫
π
=
2a 3

2.2-7
1
(a) f (t ) = exp(−t )u (t ), F (ω ) =
1 + jω
∞ ∞ 1
∫ ∫ exp(−2t )dt = 2
2
exp(−t )u (t ) dt =
−∞ 0

2 ∞
1 ∞ 1 1 ∞ 1 1 ∞ 1 1 1 π 1
2π ∫ −∞ 1 + jω
dω =
2π ∫ −∞ 1 + ω 2
dω =
π ∫
0 1+ ω 2
dω = tan −1 ω = × =
π 0 π 2 2
(b) f (t ) = u (t ) − u (t − 3),

 1  1 − exp(− j 3ω )
F (ω ) =  + πδ (ω )[1 − exp(− j 3ω )] =
 jω  jω
exp(− j1.5ω )[exp( j1.5ω ) − exp(− j1.5ω )]  2 sin 1.5ω 
= = exp(− j1.5ω ) 
jω  ω 
∞ 3
∫ ∫
2
u (t ) − u (t − 3) dt = 1dt = 3
−∞ 0

2
1 ∞ 2 sin 1.5ω 2 ∞ sin 2 1.5ω
∫ ∫
− j1.5ω
e dω = dω
2π −∞ ω π −∞ ω2
∞ sin 2 ω
∫
−∞ ω2
dω = π 이므로

2 ∞ sin 2 1.5ω 3 sin 2 1.5ω

∞ 3π
π ∫ −∞ ω2
dω =
π − ∞ ∫
(1.5ω ) 2
d (1.5ω ) =
π
=3

sin πt
(c) f (t ) = sin c(t ) = , F (ω ) = rect(ω 2π )
πt
∞ sin 2 πt
∞ 1 ∞ sin 2 πt
∫ ∫ ∫
2
sin c(t ) dt = dt = d (πt ) = 1
−∞ −∞ (πt ) 2 π −∞ (πt ) 2

1 ∞ 1 π
∫ ∫1dω = 1
2
rect(ω 2π ) dω =
2π −∞ π 0
 1 ∞ sin 2 ωt π
2.2-8 E=
2π ∫ −∞
A2T 2
(ωt ) 2
dt =
2π
= 0 .5

2.2-9
1 ∞
(a) E=
2π ∫ −∞
Λ2 (ω 2)dω

1 0 1 2
∫ (0.5ω + 1) 2 dω + ∫ (1 − 0.5ω ) dω
2
=
2π −2 2π 0

1 0 1 2
∫ (0.25ω 2 + ω + 1)dω + ∫ (0.25ω − ω + 1)dω
2
=
2π −2 2π 0

2
=
3π
1 0 1 ω1 1
∫ ω (0.25ω + ω + 1)dω + ∫ (0.25ω 2 − ω + 1)dω = ω13 − 6ω12 + 2ω1 =
2
(b)
2π − 1 2π 0 3π
∴ ω1 = 0.0545
2.2-10
A
(a) F [ Au (t )] = + πAδ (ω ) 이므로
jω

F [ A cos ω o tu (t )] = 0.5F [ A exp( jω o t )u (t )] + 0.5F [ A exp(− jω o t )u (t )]

0 .5 A 0 .5 A
= + 0.5πAδ (ω − ω o ) + + 0.5πAδ (ω + ω o )
j (ω − ω o ) j (ω + ω o )
ω
= − jA + 0.5πAδ (ω − ω o ) + 0.5πAδ (ω + ω o )
(ω + ω o2 )
2

 t −T 4 
(b) rect (t T )u (t ) = rect  이며
 T 2 

  t  T  ωT    t − T 4  T  ωT   ωT 
F rect  = sinc , F rect  = sinc  exp − j 
  T 2  2  4π    T 2  2  4π   4 

  t   AT  (ω − ω o )T   (ω − ω o )T 
∴ F  Arect  cos ω ot  = sinc  exp − j 
 T 2  4  4π   4 
AT  (ω + ω o )T   (ω + ω o )T 
+ sinc  exp − j 
4  4π   4 
∞ ∞
2.3-1 E1 = 2 A1 ∫
−∞
exp(−2 A1t )dt = 1, E2 = 2 A2 ∫ −∞
exp(−2 A2t ) dt = 1 ∴ 동일하다.

2 A1 2A
Ψ1 (ω ) = , Ψ2 (ω ) = 2 2 2
ω + A1
22
ω + A2
대역폭이 Ψ1 (ω ) 가 충분히 넓다. 따라서 에너지 스펙트럼의 크기는 Ψ2 (ω ) 가 훨씬 크다.
 ∞ ∞
2.3-2 F [ f (−t )] = ∫ −∞
f (−t ) exp(− jωt )dt = ∫−∞
f (τ ) exp( jωτ )dτ

∗
=  f (τ ) exp(− jωτ )dτ 
∞

 ∫
−∞ 
= F ∗ (ω )
2.3-3
∞
(a) E= ∫−∞
(cos t + 2 cos 2t ) 2 dt = ∞,

1 2π
P=
2π 0 ∫
(cos t + 2 cos 2t ) 2 dt

1 2π
=
2π 0 ∫
[0.5 + 0.5 cos 2t + 2 + 2 cos 4t + 4 cos t cos 2t ] dt

= 2 .5
∴ 전력 신호

FT (ω ) = F [{cos t + 2 cos 2t}rect (t T )]

 (ω − 1)T   (ω + 1)T   (ω − 2)T   (ω + 2)T 
= 0.5Tsinc  + 0.5Tsinc  + Tsinc  + Tsinc 
 2π   2π   π   π 
여기서 다음의 관계를 이용한다(문제 1.1-2의 풀이 참조).
2
1  x 
lim sinc  = δ ( x)
ε →∞ ε  ε 

그러면
2 2
1   ωT   1  ω  ω 
lim
T →∞ T
Tsinc 2π  = εlim ε sinc 2πε  = δ  2π  = 2πδ (ω )
   → ∞
    
따라서

1 2
S f (ω ) = lim FT (ω )
T →∞ T
2
1   (ω − 1)T   (ω + 1)T   (ω − 2)T   (ω + 2)T 
= lim 0.5Tsinc 2π  + 0.5Tsinc 2π  + Tsinc 2π  + Tsinc 2π 
T →∞ T        

= 0.5πδ (ω − 1) + 0.5πδ (ω + 1) + 2πδ (ω − 2) + 2πδ (ω + 2)
그리고
1 ∞
P=
2π − ∞ ∫
S f (ω )dω

1 ∞
=
2π − ∞ ∫
[0.5πδ (ω − 1) + 0.5πδ (ω + 1) + 2πδ (ω − 2) + 2πδ (ω + 2)]dω

= 0.5[0.5 + 0.5 + 2 + 2]
= 2 .5
 0 ∞
(b) E= ∫ −∞ ∫
exp(2t ) dt + exp(−2t )dt = 1
0

1
exp(−2t ) dt  = 0
0 T 2
P = lim
T →∞ T 
 ∫−T 2
exp(2t )dt + ∫
0 
∴ 에너지 신호
2
exp(− t ) ←→
F
이므로
1+ ω 2
4
∴ Ψ f (ω ) =
(ω + 1) 2
2

그리고
1 ∞ 1 ∞ 4 2 π
E=
2π ∫−∞
Ψ f (ω )dω =
2π ∫ −∞ (ω + 1)
2 2
dω = × = 1
π 2
∞
∫
2
(c) E= exp( j 2πt ) dt = ∞,
−∞

1 1
∫
2
P= exp( j 2πt ) dt = 1
1 0
∴ 전력 신호

 (ω − 2π )T 
FT (ω ) = F [exp( j 2πt )rect(t T )] = Tsinc 
 2π 
2
1   ωT  
lim
T →∞ T
Tsinc 2π  = 2πδ (ω )
  
따라서
2
1 2 1  (ω − 2π )T 
S f (ω ) = lim FT (ω ) = lim Tsinc  = 2πδ (ω − 2π )
T →∞ T T →∞ T
  2π 
그리고

1 ∞ 1 ∞
P=
2π ∫ −∞
S f (ω )dω =
2π ∫−∞
2πδ (ω − 1)dω = 1

∞ 0 ∞
(d) E= ∫ −∞
exp 2 (− t ) cos 2 2t dt = ∫ −∞
exp(2t ) cos 2 2t dt + ∫ 0
exp(−2t ) cos 2 2t dt

0 0 0
0.5 ∫
−∞
exp(2t ) cos 2 2t dt = 0.5 ∫ −∞
exp(2t ) dt + 0.5 ∫−∞
exp(2t ) cos 4t dt
0 0
= 0.25 + 0.25 ∫−∞
exp[(2 + j 4)t ] dt + 0.25 ∫−∞
exp[(2 − j 4)t ] dt
= 0 .3
∞
0.5 ∫
0
exp(−2t ) cos 2 2t dt = 0.3

∴ E = 0.6, P=0 (에너지신호)

 F (ω ) = F [exp(− t )cos2t ] =
1 1
+
(ω + 2) + 1 (ω − 2) 2 + 1
2

2
2  1 1 
∴ Ψ (ω ) = F (ω ) =  + 
 (ω + 2) + 1 (ω − 2) + 1
2 2

1  ωT  T  ωT 
2.3-4 FT (ω ) = F [ f (t )rect (t T )] = F (ω ) ∗ Tsinc = F (ω ) ∗ sinc 
2π  2π  2π  2π 
 Wt  W  Wt 
2.3-5 fW (ω ) = F −1
[F (ω )rect(ω W )] = f (t ) ∗ W sinc = f (t ) ∗ sinc 
2π  2π  2π  2π 
2.3-6
1 2π
(a) R f (τ ) =
2π ∫ (cos t + 2 cos 2t )[cos(t + τ ) + 2 cos(2t + 2τ )]dt
0

1 2π 1 2π
=
2π 0 ∫
cos t cos(t + τ )dt +
2π 0 ∫
2 cos 2t cos(t + τ )dt

1 2π 1 2π
+
2π 0 ∫
2 cos t cos(2t + 2τ )dt +
2π 0 ∫
4 cos 2t cos(2t + 2τ )dt

= 0.5 cos τ + 2 cos 2τ

∞
(b) ϕ f (τ ) = ∫
−∞
exp(− t ) exp(− t + τ )dt

∞
=∫ −∞
[exp(t )u (−t ) + exp(−t )u (t )][exp(t + τ )u ( −t − τ ) + exp(−t − τ )u (t + τ )]dt
∞ ∞
=∫ exp(t ) exp(t + τ )u (−t )u (−t − τ )dt + ∫ exp(−t ) exp(t + τ )u (t )u(−t − τ )dt
−∞ −∞
∞ ∞
+∫ exp(t ) exp(−t − τ )u (−t )u (t + τ )dt + ∫ exp(−t ) exp(−t − τ )u (t )u (t + τ )dt
−∞ −∞
∞ ∞
=∫ exp(τ ) exp(2t )u (−t )u (−t − τ )dt + ∫ exp(τ )u (t )u (−t − τ )dt
−∞ −∞
∞ ∞
+∫ exp(−τ )u (−t )u (t + τ ) dt + ∫ exp(−τ ) exp(−2t )u (t )u (t + τ )dt
−∞ −∞

τ≥0일 때:
−τ 0 ∞
ϕ f (τ ) = ∫ exp(τ ) exp(2t ) dt + ∫ exp(−τ )dt + ∫ exp(−τ ) exp(−2t )dt
−∞ −τ 0

= 0.5 exp(−τ ) + τ exp(−τ ) + 0.5 exp(−τ )

= [1 + τ ] exp(−τ )u (τ )

τ<0일 때:
0 −τ ∞
ϕ f (τ ) = ∫ exp(τ ) exp(2t )dt + ∫ exp(τ )dt + ∫ exp(−τ ) exp(−2t )dt
−∞ 0 −τ

= 0.5 exp(τ ) − τ exp(τ ) + 0.5 exp(τ )

= [1 − τ ] exp(τ )u (−τ )

∴ ϕ f (τ ) = [1 + τ ] exp(−τ )u (τ ) + [1 − τ ] exp(τ )u (−τ ) = [1 + τ ] exp(− τ )

 1 1 1
(c) R f (τ ) =
1 0 ∫
exp(− j 2πt ) exp( j 2πt + j 2πτ )dt = ∫ exp( j 2πτ )dt = exp( j 2πτ )
0

∞
(d) ϕ f (τ ) = ∫−∞
exp(− t ) exp(− t + τ ) cos t cos(t + τ )dt

∞ ∞
= 0.5 cos τ
1444−4 ∞ 4 ∫
42444444 3 14−4 ∞ 4444424444444 ∫
exp(− t ) exp(− t + τ )dt + 0.5 exp(− t ) exp(− t + τ ) cos(2t + τ ) dt
3
ϕ1 (τ ) ϕ 2 (τ )

여기서
∞
ϕ1 (τ ) = 0.5 cos τ ∫ exp(− t ) exp(− t + τ )dt = 0.5 cos τ [1 + τ ] exp(− τ )
−∞

그리고
∞
ϕ 2 (τ ) = 0.5∫ exp(− t ) exp(− t + τ ) cos(2t + τ )dt
−∞
∞
= 0.25 exp( jτ ) ∫
−∞
exp(− t ) exp(− t + τ ) exp( j 2t )dt
∞
+ 0.25 exp(− jτ ) ∫
−∞
exp(− t ) exp(− t + τ ) exp(− j 2t )dt

여기서
∞
ϕ 3 (τ ) ≡ ∫ exp(− t ) exp(− t + τ ) exp( j 2t )dt
−∞

로 하면
ϕ 2 (τ ) = 2 Re[0.25 exp( jτ )ϕ 3 (τ )] = 0.5 Re[exp( jτ )ϕ 3 (τ )]
τ≥0일 때:
−τ 0 ∞
ϕ 3 (τ ) = ∫ exp(τ ) exp[(2 + j 2)t ]dt + ∫ exp(−τ ) exp( j 2t ) dt + ∫ exp(−τ ) exp[(−2 + j 2)t ]dt
−∞ −τ 0

1 1 1
= exp[−(1 + j 2)τ ] + {exp(−τ ) − exp[−(1 + j 2)τ ]} + exp(−τ )
2 + j2 j2 2 − j2
1 1
= exp[−(1 + j 2)τ ] + exp(−τ )
2 − j2 2 + j2
∴ ϕ 2 (τ ) = 0.5 Re[exp( jτ )ϕ 3 (τ )]
 1 1 
= 0.25 Re  exp[(−1 − j )τ ] + exp[(−1 + j )τ ]u (τ )
1 − j 1+ j 
 1 
= 0.5 Re  exp[(−1 − j )τ ]u (τ )
1 − j 
1
= exp(−τ ) cos(τ − 45°)u (τ )
2 2
τ<0일 때:
0 −τ ∞
ϕ 3 (τ ) = ∫ exp(τ ) exp[(2 + j 2)t ]dt + ∫ exp(τ ) exp( j 2t )dt + ∫ exp(−τ ) exp[(−2 + j 2)t ]dt
−∞ 0 −τ
1 1 1
= exp(τ ) + {exp[(1 − j 2)τ ] − exp(τ )} + exp[(1 − j 2)τ ]
2 + j2 j2 2 − j2
 1 1  1 1
= −  exp(τ ) +  +  exp[(1 − j 2)τ ]
 2 + j2 j2   2 − j2 j2 
1 1
= exp[(1 − j 2)τ ] + exp(τ )
2 + j2 2 − j2
∴ ϕ 2 (τ ) = 0.5 Re[exp( jτ )ϕ 3 (τ )]
 1 1 
= 0.25 Re  exp[(1 − j )τ ] + exp[(1 + j )τ ]u (−τ )
1 + j 1− j 
 1 
= 0.5 Re  exp[(1 − j )τ ]u (−τ )
1 + j 
1
= exp(τ ) cos(τ + 45°)u (−τ )
2 2
이상으로
ϕ f (τ ) = ϕ1 (τ ) + ϕ 2 (τ )
1 1
= 0.5(1 + τ ) exp(− τ ) cos τ + exp(−τ ) cos(τ − 45°)u (τ ) + exp(τ ) cos(τ + 45°)u (−τ )
2 2 2 2
 1   1 
= 0.5 exp(−τ ) (1 + τ ) cos τ + cos(τ − 45°)u (τ ) + 0.5 exp(τ ) (1 − τ ) cos τ + cos(τ + 45°)u (−τ )
 2   2 
2.3-7
ωo π ωo
(a) R f (τ ) =
2π ∫πω
− o
sin ω ot sin(ω ot + ω oτ )dt

ωo π ωo ωo π ωo
=
4π ∫πω
− o
cos ω oτ dt −
4π ∫πω
− o
cos(2ω ot + ω oτ )dt

= 0.5 cos ω oτ
(b) S f (ω ) = F [ R f (τ )] = F [0.5 cos ω oτ ] = 0.5πδ (ω + ω o ) + 0.5πδ (ω − ω o )
또한

 (ω + ω o )T   (ω − ω o )T 
FT (ω ) = F [sin ω otrect (t T )] = j 0.5Tsinc  − j 0.5Tsinc 
 2π   2π 
2
1   (ω ± ω o )T 
lim 0.5Tsinc  = 0.5πδ (ω ± ω o )
T →∞ T
  2π 
1 2
∴ S f (ω ) = lim FT (ω ) = 0.5πδ (ω + ω o ) + 0.5πδ (ω − ω o )
T →∞ T

그리고
 P = R f (0) = 0.5
및

1 ∞ 1 ∞
P=
π ∫
0
S f (ω )dω =
π ∫ 0.5πδ (ω − ω )dω = 0.5
0
o

2.3-8
1 1 1 1
(a) P =
π ∫
0
S f (ω )dω =
π ∫ π [exp(− ω ) + δ (ω − 2) + δ (ω + 2)]dω
0

1
∫
= [exp(−ω ) + δ (ω − 2)]dω
0
= [1 − exp(−1)] + 1
= 1.632

1 1.01 1 1.01
(b) P =
π ∫ 0.99
S f (ω )dω =
π ∫
0.99
π [exp(− ω ) + δ (ω − 2) + δ (ω + 2)]dω `

1.01
= ∫
0.99
exp(−ω )dω
= 0.0074

1 2.01

π∫
(c) P = S f (ω )dω
1.99

2.01
= ∫
1.99
exp(−ω ) + δ (ω − 2)dω
= 1.0027

1 ∞
(d) P =
π ∫S 0
f (ω )dω

∞
∫
= exp(−ω ) + δ (ω − 2)dω
0

=2

2.3-9
(a) FT (ω ) = F [4 cos 20πtrect (t T )] + F [2 cos 30πtrect (t T )]

 (ω + 20π )T   (ω − 20π )T 
= 2Tsinc  + 2Tsinc 
 2π   2π 
 (ω + 30π )T   (ω − 30π )T 
+ Tsinc  + Tsinc 
 2π   2π 
 1 2
∴ S f (ω ) = lim FT (ω ) = 8πδ (ω + 20π ) + 8πδ (ω − 20π )
T →∞ T

+ 2πδ (ω + 30π ) + 2πδ (ω − 30π )

S f (ω )

8π 8π

2π 2π

− 30π − 20π 0 20π 30π

(b) P = (4 cos 20πt + 2 cos 30πt ) 2 = 8 + 2 = 10

1 ∞ 1 ∞
P=
π ∫
0
S f (ω )dω =
π ∫ 8πδ (ω − 20π ) + 2πδ (ω − 30π )dω = 10
0

1 2T
2.3-10 R f (τ ) =
2T 0∫
exp(− at )[u (t ) − u (t − T )] exp(− at − aτ )[u (t + τ ) − u (t − T + τ )]dt

1 2T
=
2T 0 ∫
exp(− aτ ) exp(−2at )[u (t ) − u (t − T )][u (t + τ ) − u (t − T + τ )]dt

1 T −τ exp(− aτ )
0≤τ≤T; R f (τ ) =
2T 0 ∫
exp(− aτ ) exp(−2at )dt =
4aT
[1 − exp(−2aT + 2aτ )]

τ>T; R f (τ ) = 0

1 T
−T≤τ<0; R f (τ ) =
2T
exp(− aτ ) ∫ τ exp(−2at )dt
−

exp(−aτ )
= [exp(2aτ ) − exp(−2aT )]
4aT
exp(aτ )
= [1 − exp(−2aT − 2aτ )]
4aT

τ<−T; R f (τ ) = 0

 exp(− a τ )
 [1 − exp(−2aT + 2a τ )], τ ≤ T
∴ R f (τ ) =  4aT
0, 2T ≥ τ > T

 ∞
2.3-11 R f (τ ) = ∫−∞
exp(− at 2 ) exp[−a (t + τ ) 2 ]dt

∞
=∫ −∞
exp[−2at 2 − 2aτt − aτ 2 ]dt
∞
=∫ exp[−2a (t + 0.5τ ) 2 − 0.5aτ 2 ]dt
−∞
∞
= exp(−0.5aτ 2 ) ∫−∞
exp[−2a(t + 0.5τ ) 2 ]dt
∞
= exp(−0.5aτ 2 )∫ exp(−2aλ2 )dλ
−∞

π
= exp(−0.5aτ 2 )
2a
2.3-12 f (t ) = A cos ω c t + Am cos ω mt cos ω c t
= A cos ω ct + 0.5 Am cos(ω c − ω m )t + 0.5 Am cos(ω c + ω m )t
FT (ω ) = F [ A cos ω ct + 0.5 Am cos(ω c − ω m )t + 0.5 Am cos(ω c + ω m )t ]

 (ω − ω c )T   (ω + ω c )T 
= 0.5 ATsinc  + 0.5 ATsinc 
 2π   2π 
 (ω − ω c + ω m )T   (ω + ω c − ω m )T 
+ 0.25 AmTsinc  + 0.25 AmTsinc 
 2π   2π 
 (ω − ω c − ω m )T   (ω + ω c + ω m )T 
+ 0.25 AmTsinc  + 0.25 AmTsinc 
 2π   2π 

1 2
S f (ω ) = lim FT (ω ) = 0.5 A2πδ (ω − ω c ) + 0.5 A2πδ (ω + ω c )
T →∞ T

+ 0.125 A2 m 2πδ (ω − ω c + ω m ) + 0.125 A2 m 2πδ (ω + ω c − ω m )

+ 0.125 A2 m 2πδ (ω − ω c − ω m ) + 0.125 A2 m 2πδ (ω + ω c + ω m )

−1
∴ R f (τ ) = F [ S f (ω )]
= 0.5 A2 cos ω cτ + 0.125 A2 m 2 cos(ω c − ω m )τ + 0.125 A2 m 2 cos(ω c + ω m )τ

f 2 (t ) = R f (0) = 0.5 A2 + 0.125 A2 m 2 + 0.125 A2 m 2 = 0.25 A2 (2 + m 2 )

2.3-13
∞
(a) R f (τ ) = ∫
−∞
exp(−at ) exp[−at − aτ ]u (t )u (t + τ )dt

∞
= exp(−aτ ) ∫−∞
exp(−2at )u (t )u (t + τ )dt

exp(−aτ ) ∞exp(−2at )dt , τ ≥ 0


=
0 ∫
∞

 − τ ∫
exp(−aτ ) exp(−2at )dt , τ < 0
 1
 2a exp(−aτ ), τ ≥ 0
=
 1 exp(aτ ), τ < 0
 2a
1
= exp(− a τ )
2a
1  1
∴ S f (ω ) = F [ R f (τ )] = F  exp(− a τ ) = 2
 a +ω
2
 2a
1
(b) F (ω ) = F [ f (t )] = F [exp(−at )u (t )] =
jω + a
2
2 1 1
∴ S f (ω ) = F (ω ) = = 2
jω + a a +ω2

2.4-1
t − a 2
(a) h(t ) = rect   = u (t ) − u (t − a)
 a 
h(t ) ∗ x(t ) = [u (t ) − u (t − a)] ∗ u (t − b)
= u (t ) ∗ u (t − b) − u (t − a) ∗ u (t − b)
= (t − b)u (t − b) − (t − a − b)u (t − a − b)
= (t − b)[u (t − b) − u (t − a − b)] + au (t − a − b)

  t − a 2   ωa   aω 
(b) H (ω ) = F rect    = asinc  exp − j 
  a   2π   2 
 1 
X (ω ) = F {u (t − b)} =  + πδ (ω ) exp(− jbω )
 jω 
 ωa   1    a 
H (ω ) X (ω ) = asinc  + πδ (ω ) exp − j  b + ω 
 2π   jω    2 
 a  ωa     a 
= sinc  + aπδ (ω ) exp − j  b + ω 
 jω  2π     2 
여기서

−1  a  ωa   t
−1   ωa   t
F  jω sinc 2π  + aπδ (ω ) =
   
∫−∞
F asinc 2π dτ =
   ∫
−∞
rect (τ a)dτ


0, t ≤ − a 2
 t
t 
∫ −∞ ∫
rect (τ a)dτ =  dτ = t + a 2 , t ≤ a 2
 −a 2
 a 2 dτ = a , t > a 2
∫
 − a 2
= (t + a 2)[u (t + a 2) − u (t − a 2)] + u (t − a 2)
 −1  a  ωa     a  
∴ y (t ) = F  sinc  + aπδ (ω ) exp− j  b + ω 
  jω  2π     2  
= (t + a 2 − b − a 2)[u (t + a 2 − b − a 2) − u (t − a 2 − b − a 2)] + u (t − a 2 − b − a 2)
= (t + a − b)[u (t − b) − u (t − a − b)] + u (t − a − b)
= (t − b)[u (t − b) − u (t − a − b)] + au (t − b) + (1 − a )u (t − a − b)

2.4-2
R R L R  R 
(a) H (ω ) = = ∴ h(t ) = exp − t u (t )
R + jω L R L + jω L  L 
R  R 
(b) y (t ) = h(t ) ∗ x(t ) = exp − t u (t ) ∗ rect (t T )
L  L 
R  R 
= exp − t u (t ) ∗ [u (t + T 2) − u (t − T 2)]
L  L 
R  R  R  R 
= exp − t u (t ) ∗ u (t + T 2) − exp − t u (t ) ∗ u (t − T 2)
L  L  L  L 
여기서

1
exp(− at )u (t ) ∗ u (t ) = [1 − exp(− at )]u (t )
a
를 이용하면
  R    R 
y (t ) = 1 − exp − (t + T 2) u (t + T 2) − 1 − exp − (t − T 2) u (t − T 2)
  L    L 
  R   R  
= rect(t T ) − exp − (t + T 2) u (t + T 2) − exp − (t − T 2) u (t − T 2)
  L   L  
(c) X (ω ) = F [rect (t T )] = F [u (t + T 2) − u (t − T 2)]
 1 
= + πδ (ω ){exp( j ωT 2) − exp(− j ωT 2)}
 jω 
R L  1 
H (ω ) X (ω ) =  + πδ (ω ){exp( j ωT 2) − exp(− j ωT 2)}
R L + jω  jω 
 R L 
= + πδ (ω ){exp( j ωT 2) − exp(− j ωT 2)}
 jω ( R L + jω ) 
 1 1 
= − + + πδ (ω ) {exp( j ωT 2) − exp(− j ωT 2)}
 R L + jω jω 

−1   1 1  
∴ y (t ) = F  − + + πδ (ω ){exp( j ωT 2) − exp(− j ωT 2)}
  R L + jω jω  
  R   R 
= − exp − (t + T 2) u (t + T 2) + exp − (t − T 2) u (t − T 2)
 L   L 
+ u (t + T 2) − u (t − T 2)
  R   R  
= rect (t T ) − exp − (t + T 2) u (t + T 2) − exp − (t − T 2) u (t − T 2)
  L   L  

2.4-3 x(t ) = u (t − 1) − u (t − 3), h1 (t ) = t[u (t ) − t (t − 1)], h2 (t ) = (1 − t )[u (t ) − t (t − 1)]

(a) y1 (t ) = x(t ) ∗ h1 (t ) = [u (t − 1) − u (t − 3)] ∗ t[u (t ) − u (t − 1)]
= tu (t ) ∗ u (t − 1) − tu (t ) ∗ u (t − 3) − tu (t − 1) ∗ u (t − 1) + tu (t − 1) ∗ u (t − 3)
= tu (t ) ∗ u (t − 1) − tu (t ) ∗ u (t − 3)
− (t − 1)u (t − 1) ∗ u (t − 1) − u (t − 1) ∗ u (t − 1) + (t − 1)u (t − 1) ∗ u (t − 3) + u (t − 1) ∗ u (t − 3)
여기서
u (t ) ∗ u (t ) = tu (t ), tu (t ) ∗ u (t ) = 0.5t 2u (t )
및
u (t − a ) ∗ u (t − b) = (t − a − b)u (t − a − b),
(t − a)u (t − a) ∗ u (t − b) = 0.5(t − a − b) 2 u (t − a − b)
를 이용하면

y1 (t ) = 0.5(t − 1) 2 u (t − 1) − 0.5(t − 3) 2 u (t − 3) − 0.5(t − 2) 2 u (t − 2) + 0.5(t − 4) 2 u (t − 4)

− (t − 1)u (t − 1) + (t − 4)u (t − 4)
= 0.5t 2 [u (t − 1) − u (t − 2) − u (t − 3) + u (t − 4)]
− t[ 2u (t − 1) − 2u (t − 2) − 3u (t − 3) + 3u (t − 4)]
+ 0.5[3u (t − 1) − 4u (t − 2) − 9u (t − 3) + 8u (t − 4)]
(a) y2 (t ) = x(t ) ∗ h2 (t ) = [u (t − 1) − u (t − 3)] ∗ (1 − t )[u (t ) − u (t − 1)]
= [u (t − 1) − u (t − 3)] ∗ [u (t ) − u (t − 1) − tu (t ) + tu (t − 1)]
= [u (t − 1) − u (t − 3)] ∗ [u (t ) − tu (t ) + (t − 1)u (t − 1)]
= u (t − 1) ∗ u (t ) − u (t − 3) ∗ u (t )
− tu (t ) ∗ u (t − 1) + tu (t ) ∗ u (t − 3)
+ (t − 1)u (t − 1) ∗ u (t − 1) − (t − 1)u (t − 1) ∗ u (t − 3)
= (t − 1)u (t ) − (t − 3)u (t − 3)
− 0.5(t − 1) 2 u (t − 1) + 0.5(t − 3) 2 u (t − 3)
+ 0.5(t − 2) 2 u (t − 2) − 0.5(t − 4) 2 u (t − 4)
= 0.5t 2 [ −u (t − 1) + u (t − 2) + u (t − 3) − u (t − 4)]
+ t[u (t ) − u (t − 3) + u (t − 1) − 2u (t − 2) − 3u (t − 3) + 4u (t − 4)]
− [u (t ) + 0.5u (t − 1) − 2u (t − 2) − 7.5u (t − 3) + 8u (t − 4)]
   t − to  
2.4-4 X (ω ) = F [Sa (t − to )] = F sinc  = πrect(ω 2) exp(− jωto )
  π 
2
Ψx (ω ) = X (ω ) π 2 rect (ω 2)

2
∴ Ψy (ω ) = H (ω ) Ψx (ω ) = π 2 Λ2 (ω 4)rect (ω 2)
π 2 Λ2 (ω 4), ω ≤ 1
=
0, ω > 1

Ψy (ω )

π2
π 2 Λ2 (ω 4)

0.5625π2

−1 0 1 ω

2.4-5
(a) Ψx (ω ) = 1
1 4 1 4 4
π∫ π∫
Ey = Ψx (ω )dω = 1dω =
0 0 π
1
(b) Ψx (ω ) =
ω + 16 2

4
1 4 16 4 1 ω 
4 4 π 
Ey =
π 0 ∫
Ψx (ω ) dω =
π 0 ω + 16
2
π ∫
dω = tan −1   =  − 0  = 1
 4 0 π  4 

1  ω  1  ω 
2.4-6 X (ω ) = F [sinc 20t ] = rect  ∴ Ψx (ω ) = rect 
20  40π  400  40π 
1 2π 1 2π  1  ω  1 1
π∫
(a) E y = Ψ (ω )dω = ∫
x  400 rect 40π   dω = × 2π =
0 π 0
   400π 200
1 10π  1  ω  1 1
π∫
(b) E y =  400 rect 40π  dω = × 10π =
0
   400π 40
1 20π  1  ω  1 1
π∫
(c) E y =  400 rect 40π  dω = × 20π =
0
   400π 20
1 30π  1  ω  1 20π 1
π∫ ∫
(d) E y =  400 rect 40π  dω = 1dω =
0
   400π 0 20
 100 1
2.4-7 = → ω c = 6.44
ω + 100
2
c 2
ω c 6.44
∴ B= = = 1.025 Hz
2π 2π

2000π 1 1
2.4-8 B = = 1000 Hz ∴ t r = = = 1 ms
2π B 1000 Hz

2a
2.4-9 F (ω ) =
ω + a2
2

2a 1
= ∴ B = ω c = 2.8284a − a 2
ω +a 2
2
c 2

2
2.4-10 H (ω ) =
jω + 2
1
(a) X (ω ) =
jω + 1
2 2 2
Y (ω ) = X (ω ) H (ω ) = = −
( jω + 1)( jω + 2) jω + 1 jω + 2
−1  2 2 
∴ y (t ) = F  jω + 1 − jω + 2  = 2[exp(−t ) − exp(−2t )]u (t )
 
2
(b) X (ω ) =
ω +1
2

4 23 2 43
Y (ω ) = =− + −
(ω + 1)( jω + 2)
2
jω − 1 jω + 1 jω + 2
−1  23 2 43  2 4
∴ y (t ) = F − jω − 1 + jω + 1 − jω + 2  = − 3 exp(t )u (−t ) + 2 exp(−t )u (t ) − 3 exp(−2t )u (t )
 
(c) X (ω ) = πδ (ω − 1) + πδ (ω + 1)

1 π π
Y (ω ) = [πδ (ω − 1) + πδ (ω + 1)] = δ (ω − 1) + δ (ω + 1)
jω + 2 j+2 − j+2

−1  π π  0.5 0.5
∴ y (t ) = F  j + 2 δ (ω − 1) + − j + 2 δ (ω + 1)  = j + 2 exp( jt ) + − j + 2 exp(− jt )
 
 0 .5   0.5  1
= 2 Re  exp( jt ) = 2 Re  exp( jt − j 26.6°) = cos(t − 26.6°)
 j + 2   5  5
1 1 1
(d) X (ω ) = × =−
1 − j ω jω + 2 ( jω − 1)( jω + 2)
 2 29 23 29
Y (ω ) = = − −
( jω − 1)( jω + 2) 2
j ω − 1 ( jω + 2) 2
jω +2
−1  29 23 29  2 2 2
∴ y (t ) = F  − −  = exp(t )u (−t ) − t exp(−2t )u (t ) − exp(−2t )u (t )
 jω − 1 ( jω + 2) jω + 2  9
2
3 9

jω
(e) X (ω ) =
jω + 1
jω 2 1
Y (ω ) = X (ω ) H (ω ) = = −
( jω + 1)( jω + 2) jω + 2 jω + 1
−1  2 1 
∴ y (t ) = F  jω + 2 − jω + 1 = [2 exp(−2t ) − exp(−t )]u (t )
 

1 1 0.347
2.5-2 exp(− aω c2 ) = → B = ω c = log e 2 =
2 a a

 ω 
2.5-3 H (ω ) = 2rect  exp(− jω )
 12π 
(a) h(t ) = 6sinc[6(t − to )] 이므로
t t
y (t ) = h(t ) ∗ 2u (t ) = 2 ∫−∞
h(τ )dτ = 12 ∫
−∞
sinc[6(t − to )]dτ

t t
∴ y (t ) = 12 ∫ −∞
sinc[6(t − to )]dτ = 12 ∫−∞
Sa[6π (t − to )]dτ
2
=1+ Si[6π (t − to )]
π
(b) X (ω ) = 10

 ω 
Y (ω ) = 20rect  exp(− jω ) ∴ y (t ) = 120sinc[6(t − 1)]
 12π 

jω + 100 9 8
2.5-4 H (ω ) = = −
( jω + 10)( jω + 20) jω + 10 jω + 20

−1  9 8 
∴ h(t ) = F  jω + 10 − jω + 20  = [9 exp(−10t ) − 8 exp(−20t )]u (t )
 

W W
2.5-5 H (ω ) = ≅ , ω >> W ∴ 적분기
W + jω jω
2.5-6
0, ω = 0

 1
(a) H (ω ) =  , ω =W ∴ 고역통과 필터
 2
1, ω = ∞

jω jω
(b) H (ω ) = ≅ , ω << W ∴ 미분기
W + jω W

2.5-7
(a) hLP (t ) = W exp(−Wt )u (t ) 라 하면
W
H LP (ω ) =
W + jω
따라서

H (ω ) = F [2hLP (t ) cos ω otu (t )]

= H LP (ω + ω o ) + H LP (ω − ω o )
W W
= +
W + j (ω + ω o ) W + j (ω − ω o )
(b) HLP(ω)는 대역폭이 W인 저역통과 필터이므로 이를 ±ωo만큼 이동한 H(ω)는 중심 주파
수가 ωo이며 대역폭이 2W인 대역통과 필터가 된다.

2.6-1 최대 주파수가 72 kHz이므로 표본 주파수는 fs≥144 kHz를 만족하여야 한다.

2.6-2 신호의 최대 주파수는 12.5 kHz를 넘을 수 없으므로

f o + 5 kHz ≤ 12.5 kHz → f o ≤ 7.5 kHz
∴ 5 kHz ≤ f o ≤ 7.5 kHz

2.6-3 신호의 최대 주파수가 12ωo이므로

2π π 2π
(a) Ts ≤ = , ωs ≥ = 24ω o ∴ ω s = 25ω o
24ω o 12ω o Ts
~ 1 ~
(b) F [ &x&Ts (t )] = F [δ Ts (t ) x(t )] = δ ω s (ω ) ∗ X (ω )
Ts
X (ω ) = πδ (ω + 10ω o ) + πδ (ω − 10ω o ) + πδ (ω + 11ω o ) + πδ (ω − 11ω o )
+ πδ (ω + 12ω o ) + πδ (ω − 12ω o )
∞ ∞
1 1
∴ F [ &x&Ts (t )] =
Ts ∑
n = −∞
X (ω + nω s ) =
Ts ∑ X (ω + 25nω )
n = −∞
o
 ∞
π
=
Ts
∑ [δ (ω + 10ω
n =−∞
o + 25nω o ) + δ (ω − 10ω o + 25nω o )]

∞
π
+
Ts
∑ [δ (ω + 11ω
n = −∞
o + 25nω o ) + δ (ω − 11ω o + 25nω o )]

∞
π
+
Ts
∑ [δ (ω + 12ω
n = −∞
o + 25nω o ) + δ (ω − 12ω o + 25nω o )]

π
= [δ (ω + 10ω o ) + δ (ω − 10ω o )]
Ts
π
+ [δ (ω + 11ω o ) + δ (ω − 11ω o )]
Ts
π
+ [δ (ω + 12ω o ) + 2δ (ω − 12ω o )]
Ts
π
+ [δ (ω + 13ω o ) + δ (ω − 13ω o )]
Ts
π
+ [δ (ω + 14ω o ) + δ (ω − 14ω o )]
Ts
π
+ [δ (ω + 15ω o ) + δ (ω − 15ω o )]
Ts
M

π π
(c) Y (ω ) = [δ (ω + 10ω o ) + δ (ω − 10ω o )] + [δ (ω + 11ω o ) + δ (ω − 11ω o )]
Ts Ts
π
+ [δ (ω + 12ω o ) + δ (ω − 12ω o )]
Ts
1
∴ y (t ) = [cos10ω o t + cos 11ω o t + cos 12ω o t ]
Ts
π
(c) Y (ω ) = [δ (ω + 10ω o ) + δ (ω − 10ω o )]
Ts

π
+ [δ (ω + 11ω o ) + δ (ω − 11ω o )]
Ts
π
+ [δ (ω + 12ω o ) + δ (ω − 12ω o )]
Ts
π
+ [δ (ω + 13ω o ) + δ (ω − 13ω o )]
Ts
π
+ [δ (ω + 14ω o ) + δ (ω − 14ω o )]
Ts

1
∴ y (t ) = [cos10ω ot + cos11ω ot + cos12ω ot + cos13ω ot + cos14ω ot ]
Ts
  ω 
2.6-4 X (ω ) = F [100sinc(1000t )] = 0.1rect 
 2000π 

 ω   ω   ω 
∴ G (ω ) = H1 (ω ) X (ω ) = 1 −  rect  × 0.1rect 
 2000π   4000π   2000π 
 ω   ω 
= 0.11 −  rect 
 2000π   2000π 
G (ω )

0.1

0.05

−1000π 0 1000π ω
(−500 Hz) (500 Hz)

∞ ∞
1
(b) Gs (ω ) =
Ts ∑ G(ω + nω ) = 10 ∑ G(ω + 2000nπ )
n = −∞
s
−3

n = −∞

Gs (ω )

10−4

−1000π 0 1000π ω
(−500 Hz) (500 Hz)
−4000π −2000π 2000π 4000π
(−2 kHz) (−1 kHz) (1 kHz) (2 kHz)

 ω 
(c) Y (ω ) = H 2 (ω )Gs (ω ) = X (ω ) = 0.1rect 
 2000π 

 ω   105 π   ω 
∴ H 2 (ω ) = 0.1Gs−1 (ω )rect =  rect 
 2000π   − 5 × 10 ω + π   2000π 
−4

H 2 (ω )

1.05 × 105

105

−1000π 0 1000π ω
(−500 Hz) (500 Hz)
2.6-5
2π π
(a) Ωo = =
4 2
∴ X [k ] = 1 × exp(− jkΩ o × 0) = 1
2π π
(b) Ωo = =
4 2
X [k ] = −1× exp(− jkΩ o ) + 1× exp(− j 3kΩ o )
= − exp(− jkΩ o ) + exp(− j 3kΩ o )
= − exp(− j 2kΩ o )[exp( jkΩ o ) − exp(− jkΩ o )]
= − j 2 sin( kΩ o ) exp(− j 2kΩ o )
= − j 2 sin( kπ 2) exp(− jkπ )
= j 2 × (−1) k +1 sin( kπ 2)
∴ X [0] = 0, X [1] = j 2, X [2] = 0, X [3] = − j 2
2π π
(c) Ωo = =
4 2
3 3
X [k ] = ∑
n=0
exp(− n) exp(− jkΩ o n) = ∑ exp[−(1 + jkΩ )n]
n=0
o

1 − exp[−(1 + jkΩ o )4] 1 − exp[−(1 + j kπ 2) 4]

= =
1 − exp[−(1 + jkΩ o )] 1 − exp[−(1 + j kπ 2)]
1 − exp(−4 − j 2kπ ) 1 − exp(−4)
= =
1 − exp(−1 − j kπ 2) 1 − exp(−1) exp(− j kπ 2)

1 − exp(−4) 1 − exp(−4)
∴ X [ 0] = = 1.553, X [1] = = 0.865 − j 0.318
1 − exp(−1) 1 + j exp(−1)
1 − exp(−4) 1 − exp(−4)
X [ 2] = = 0.718, X [3] = = 0.865 + j 0.318
1 + exp(−1) 1 − j exp(−1)

2π π
(d) Ωo = =
4 2
3
X [k ] = ∑ sin(n π
n=0
2) exp(− jkΩ o n)

= exp(− jkΩ o ) − exp(− j 3kΩ o )

= exp(− j 2kΩ o )[exp( jkΩ o ) − exp(− jkΩ o )]
= j 2 sin( kΩ o ) exp(− j 2kΩ o )
= j 2 sin( k π 2) exp(− jkπ )
∴ X [0] = 0, X [1] = − j 2, X [2] = 0, X [3] = j 2
2.7-1
1 1
(a) xˆ (t ) = δ (t ) ∗ =
πt πt
sin 2πt sin 2πt
(b) x(t ) = = 2π × = 2πsinc 2t
t 2πt
ω   j 4π , − 2π ≤ ω < 0
X (ω ) = 4πrect  → Xˆ (ω ) = 
 4π  − j 4π , 0 < ω ≤ 2π
1 0 1 2π
[ Xˆ (ω )] = ∫ ∫
−1
∴ xˆ (t ) = F [ j 4π exp( jωt )]dω + [− j 4π exp( jωt )]dω
2π − 2π 2π 0
2 2
= [1 − exp(− j 2πt )] + [1 − exp( j 2πt )]
t t
4
= (1 − cos 2πt )
t
8 sin 2 πt
=
t
sin 2πt
(c) x(t ) = cos 200πt = 2πsinc 2t cos 200πt
t
 ω + 200π   ω − 200π 
X (ω ) = πrect  + πrect 
 4π   4π 
 jπ , − 204π ≤ ω ≤ −202π
→ Xˆ (ω ) = 
− jπ , 202π ≤ ω ≤ 204π

1 −202π 1 204π
[ Xˆ (ω )] = ∫ ∫
−1
∴ xˆ (t ) = F [ jπ exp( jωt )]dω + [ − jπ exp( jωt )]dω
2π − 204π 2π 202π
1 1
= [exp(− j 202πt ) − exp(− j 204πt )] + [exp( j 202πt ) − exp( j 204πt )]
2t 2t
1 1
= [exp( j 202πt ) + exp(− j 202πt )] − [exp( j 204πt ) + exp(− j 204πt )]
2t 2t
1
= (cos 202πt − cos 204πt )
t
2 sin πt sin 203πt
=
t

sin 2πt
(d) x(t ) = sin 200πt = 2πsinc 2t sin 200πt
t
 ω + 200π   ω − 200π 
X (ω ) = jπrect  − jπrect 
 4π   4π 
 − π , − 204 π ≤ ω ≤ −202 π
→ Xˆ (ω ) = 
− π , 202π ≤ ω ≤ 204π
 1 −202π 1 204π
[ Xˆ (ω )] = ∫ ∫
−1
∴ xˆ (t ) = F [−π exp( jωt )]dω + [−π exp( jωt )]dω
2π − 204π 2π 202π
1 1
=− [exp(− j 202πt ) − exp(− j 204πt )] + [exp( j 202πt ) − exp( j 204πt )]
j 2t j 2t
1 1
= [exp( j 202πt ) − exp(− j 202πt )] − [exp( j 204πt ) − exp(− j 204πt )]
j 2t j 2t
1
= (sin 202πt − sin 204πt )
t
2 cos πt sin 203πt
=
t

A T 1
π∫
2.7-2 xˆ (t ) = dτ
0 t −τ
위의 컨벌류션은 다음의 그림과 같이 수행된다.

1 A
t −τ

0 t 2t T τ (a) 0 < t < T 2

1
t −τ

1
t −τ
A

0 2t−T t T τ (b) T 2 < t < T

1
t −τ
(a) 0 < t < T 2 ; 그림 (a)의 경우로서 0≤τ≤t의 면적과 t≤τ≤2t의 면적이 서로 상쇄되므로

A T 1 A A  −t  A  t 
π∫
xˆ (t ) = dτ = [ln(−t ) − ln(t − T )] = ln  = ln 
2t t − τ π π  t −T  π T −t 
(b) T 2 < t < T ; 그림 (b)의 경우로서 2t−T≤τ≤t의 면적과 t≤τ≤T의 면적이 서로 상쇄되므로

A 2t −T 1 A  t 
π∫
xˆ (t ) = dτ = ln 
0 t −τ π T −t 
(c) t < 0 또는 t > T ; 면적이 상쇄되는 부분이 없으므로
A T 1 A  t 
π∫
xˆ (t ) = dτ = ln 
0 t −τ π  t −T 
이상의 결과들을 종합하면
A t
xˆ (t ) = ln
π t −T
이며 다음의 그림과 같다.

xˆ (t )
A x(t )

0 T/2 T t