Formula sheet

Series
∞
X xn
ex =
n=0
n!
∞
X (−1)n x2n+1
sin(x) =
n=0
(2n + 1)!
∞
X (−1)n x2n
cos(x) =
n=0
(2n)!
∞
1 X
= xn
1 − x n=0
∞
X xn
ln(1 − x) = −
n=0
n
∞
X α(α − 1)(α − 2) . . . (α − n + 1)
(1 + x)α = xn
n=0
n!
∞
π2 X 1
=
6 n=1
n2
∞
X (−1)n
G=
n=0
(2n + 1)2
Euler’s Formula

eix = cos x + i sin x

Weierstrass Substitution
x 2t 1 − t2 2dt
For t = tan , sin x = 2
, cos x = 2
and dx = .
2 1+t 1+t 1 + t2
Integral formulas
Z b Z b
f (x)dx = f (a + b − x)dx
a a
Z b ! Z
b
d ∂
f (x, t)dx = (f (x, t))dx.
dt a a ∂t