MA2020 - Differential Equations

Assignment 5

1. Locate and classify the singular points of the following differential equations

(a) x2 (x + 2)y 00 + xy 0 − (2x − 1)y = 0

(b) (x − 1)2 (x + 3)y 00 + (2x + 1)y 0 − y = 0

(c) (2x + 1)x2 y 00 − (x + 2)y 0 + 2ex y = 0

2. Solve the following differential equations about x = 0, using Frobenius method,

(a) 4x2 y 00 + 4xy 0 + (4x2 − 1)y = 0, 0 < x < R

(b) 3xy 00 + (2 − x)y 0 − 2y = 0, 0 < x < R

(c) x2 y 00 − x(1 + x)y 0 + y = 0, 0 < x < R

(d) 4x2 y 00 + (1 − 2x)y = 0, 0 < x < R

(e) xy 00 − (3 + x)y 0 + 2y = 0, 0 < x < R

(f) x2 y 00 + x2 y 0 − 2y = 0, 0 < x < R

(g) xy 00 + y = 0, 0 < x < R

(h) 2xy 00 + 6y 0 + y = 0, 0 < x < R

1
 sin x cos x
Ans(2a.) y(x) = c1 √ + c2 √
x x
∞
" ∞
#
X (3n + 4)xn+1/3 X (n + 1)xn
Ans(2b). y(x) = c1 n n!
+ c2 1 +
n=0
4.3 n=1
2.5.8. · · · (3n − 1)
∞ ∞
X xn+1 X Hn xn+1
Ans(2c). y1 (x) = = x exp(x), y2 (x) = y1 ln x − ,
n=0
n! n=1
n!
1 1 1
Hn := 1 + + + ··· + .
2 3 n
∞ ∞
X xn+1/2 X Hn xn+1/2
Ans(2d). y1 (x) = , y2 (x) = y 1 ln x −
n=0
2n (n!)2 n=1
2n−1 (n!)2
∞
24(n − 3)xn
 
2 1 2 X
Ans(2e). y(x) = a0 1 + x + x + a4
3 6 n=4
n!
∞
(−1)n+1 (n − 2)xn−1
 
−1 1 X
Ans(2f). y(x) = a0 x − + a3
2 n=3
n!
∞ ∞
X (−1)n xn X (−1)n (Hn + Hn−1 )xn
Ans(2g). y1 (x) = ; y2 (x) = y1 ln x + 1 + x −
n=1
n!(n − 1)! n=2
n!(n − 1)!
∞ ∞
X (−1)n+1 xn−2 −2 1 −1 X (−1)n (Hn + Hn−2 )xn−2
Ans(2h). y1 = ; y2 (x) = y1 ln x + x + x +
n=2
2n n!(n − 2)! 2 n=2
2n n!(n − 2)!