ეფტანაზია და ფეტუსის სისხლისსამართლებრივი დაცვის პრობლემები

avtoris stili daculia
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universiteti
iuridiuli fakulteti
Tamar sadraZe
evTanazia da fetusis sisxlissamarTlebrivi

dacvis problemebi
samecniero xelmZRvaneli:
asocirebuli profesori Nnona Todua
sadisertacio naSromi wardgenilia

samarTlis doqtoris akademiuri
xarisxis mosapoveblad
Tbilisi
2012
1
sarCevi
Sesavali........................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
Tavi 1. evTanaziis cneba, warmoSoba, arsi, mniSvneloba, saxeebi,

sistemebi da adgili sisxlis samarTalSi..........................................................11
1.1. evTanaziis cneba, warmoSoba, arsi, mniSvneloba ....................................................11
1.2. evTanaziis saxeebi......................................................................................................................................20
1.3. evTanaziis legalurad aRiarebuli sistemebi .......................................................... 25
1.4. sikvdili _ sicocxlis dasasruli Tu sicocxlis nawili .......................27
1.5. evTanazia da sicocxlis ufleba ............................................................................................. 34
Tavi 2. evTanaziis SedarebiT-samarTlebrivi daxasiaTeba ................................................. 38

2.1. qveynebi, sadac kanoniT akrZalulia evTanazia....................................................38
2.1.1. evTanazia ruseTis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT .......................................................... 39
2.1.2. evTanazia safrangeTis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT............................................45
2.1.3. evTanazia germaniis federaciuli respublikis kanonmdeblobis
mixedviT........................................................................................................................................................48
2.1.4. evTanazia didi britaneTis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT...............................54
2.1.5. evTanazia italiis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT.........................................................57
2.2. qveynebi, sadac kanoniT nebadarTulia evTanazia................................................62
2.2.1. evTanazia holandiis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT...................................................69
2.2.2. evTanazia belgiis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT.........................................................75
Tavi 3. evTanazia qarTuli kanonmdeblobis mixedviT..............................................................80
Tavi 4. evTanaziis zneobriv-eTikuri problemebi ......................................................................... 95

4.1. evTanaziasTan dakavSirebuli zneobriv-eTikuri
problemebis zogadi daxasiaTeba..............................................................................................95
4.2. evTanaziis problema eqimisa da pacientis urTierTobaSi......................102
4.3. paliatiuri mzrunveloba............................................................................................................118
4.3.1. paliatiuri mzrunvelobis arsi, mniSvneloba, daniSnuleba.................118
4.3.2. paliatiuri mzrunveloba ganviTarebul qveynebSi ........................................124
4.3.3. paliatiuri mzrunveloba saqarTveloSi ................................................................129
4.4. evTanaziis momxreTa da mowinaaRmdegeTa argumentebi................................135
4.4.1. evTanaziis momxreTa argumentebi.......................................................................................137
4.4.2. evTanaziis mowinaaRmdegeTa argumentebi ...................................................................148
2
Tavi 5. evTanaziis zogadsamarTlebrivi da socialuri problemebi ................... 161
Tavi 6. fetusis sicocxlis ufleba; fetusi, rogorc samarTlis

subieqti ............................................................................................................................................................... 173
6.1. fetusis cneba, arsi, mniSvneloba .......................................................................................... 173
6.2. fetusis sicocxlis ufleba abortis dros..............................................................180
6.3. fetusis sicocxlis ufleba, fetusis samarTlebrivi statusi
saerTaSoriso samarTlis mixedviT.......................................................................189
6.4. orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyvetis safuZvlebi da Sedegebi .................196
6.5. fetusi _ dedis sxeulis nawili, Tu damoukidebeli
sicocxle, daubadebeli adamiani.................................................................................203
Tavi 7. fetusis samarTlebrivi dacva da abortis ufleba

sazRvargareTis qveynebis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT......................................213
Tavi 8. fetusis sicocxlis ufleba da samarTlebrivi statusi

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis mixedviT........................................................................235
8.1. fetusis sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis aucilebloba, fetusis
sicocxlis uflebis dacvisTvis saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsSi cvlilebebis Setanis aucilebloba ...................................................... 265
Tavi 9. fetusis sicocxlis uflebis dacvis moralur-zneobrivi da

samarTlebrivi sakiTxebi................................................................................................................277
9.1. sasuliero pirTa Sexeduleba fetusis sicocxlis uflebaze..........277
9.2. fetusis sicocxlis uflebis dacvis samarTlebrivi
problemebi.............................................................................................................................................. 287
9.3. dedis Tavisuflebisa da fetusis sicocxlis uflebis
farglebi....................................................................................................................................................... 292
daskvna ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 300
bibliografia ..................................................................................................................................................................... 310
3
gamoyenebuli abreviatura:
ssk _ sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi

e.w. _ egreT wodebuli
e.i. _ ese igi
a.S. _ ase Semdeg
sxv. _ sxva
mag. _ magaliTad
ix. _ ixileT
Sead. _ SeadareT
Tb. _ Tbilisi
w. _ weli
ww. _ wlebSi
red. _ redaqtori
J. _ Jurnali
dasax. naSr. _ dasaxelebuli naSromi
dasax. statia _ dasaxelebuli statia
gamomc. _ gamomcemloba
aSS _ amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi
gaero _ gaerTianebuli erebis organizacia
janmo _ janmrTelobis msoflio organizacia
wm. _ wmida
J. _ Journal
М. _ Москва
Год _ Г
4
Sesavali
kvlevis aqtualoba:
sicocxlis ufleba adamianis fundamenturi uflebaa, romlis
gareSec adamianis yvela sxva ufleba yovelgvar azrsa da
dasabuTebas kargavs. am qveynad yvela cocxali arseba, sulieri Tu
usulo, emorCileba saerTo kanonzomierebas _ ibadeba, viTardeba,
berdeba da kvdeba. sikvdili arsebobis ukanaskneli stadiaa da
rogorc wesi, igi aravis surs, Tumca samwuxarod, aris შemTxveva,
roca adamiani araTu gaurbis, aramed cdilobs kidec daaCqaros
ukanaskneli etapi arsebobisa _ sikvdili. sicocxlis xelovnurad
damTavrebis erT-erTi saSualeba aris evTanazia _ mkvleloba
msxverplis TxovniT.
evTanazia erT-erT umniSvnelovanes sakiTxs warmoadgens
Tanamedrove msoflio sazogadoebisTvis, igi gulisxmobs
terminalur stadiaze myofi, ukurnebeli seniT daavadebuli
avadmyofobisTvis sicocxlis mospobas, misi fizikuri tanjvisagan
gaTavisuflebis mizniT.
evTanaziasTan dakavSirebiT jer kidev ar aris
Camoyalibebuli saboloo Sexeduleba, uamravi kiTxva ismis mis
garSemo. jer kidev ar arsebobs pasuxi kiTxvaze, evTanazia
danaSaulia, Tu mowyaleba, igi sayovelTaod dasjadad unda
gamocxaddes, Tu humanur aqtad.
,,sicocxlis ZiriTadi ufleba, icavs adamianis arsebobis im
biologiur da bunebriv safuZvels, romelic aucilebelia
ZiriTadi uflebebis katalogSi CamoTvlili adamianis sulieri,
ideuri, kulturuli da ekonomikuri ganviTarebis SesaZleblobaTa
realizaciisTvis”.1
,,adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao aRiareba da gancxadeba,
adamianuri civilizaciis udidesi kulturuli monapovaria, miT
ufro _ aRiareba adamianis uflebebis bunebiTi warmoSobisa“.2
,,adamianis bunebiTi uflebebi, dRes rom sayovelTaod aris
aRiarebuli, is uflebebia, romlebic adamianma savsebiT
marTlzomierad Tavisad igulva“.3 aseT bunebiT uflebas
warmoadgens sicocxlis ufleba, romelTanac pirdapir kavSirSia
evTanazia.
winamdebare naSromi or iseT ,,marTlzomierad nagulveb
uflebas“ Seexeba, romlebzec jer ar aris miRweuli erovnuli
(iSviaTi gamonaklisis garda) Tu saerTaSoriso konsensusi. kerZod,
evTanaziis uflebas da fetusis sicocxlis uflebas. simboluria,
1
kublaSvili k., statia, sicocxlis ufleba saqarTvelos konstituciis mixedviT,
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli standartebi da maTi gavlena saqarTvelos
kanonmdeblobasa da praqtikaze, statiaTa krebuli, korkelia k. redaqtori
(red.), Tbilisi (Tb.), 2006, 188.
2
gociriZe e., statia, sicocxlis dasawyisi da dasasruli: fetusisa da
evTanaziis uflebrivi sakiTxebi strasburgis iurispudenciis mixedviT,
statiaTa krebuli, adamianTa uflebaTa dacvis evropuli da erovnuli
sistemebi, korkelia k. (red.), Tb., 2007, 47.
3
iqve, 47-48.
5
rom orive maTgani ,,sicocxles“ ukavSirdeba, pirveli _ sicocxlis
dasasruls, meore _ sicocxlis dasawyiss“.4
warmodgenili naSromi mniSvნelovan samarTlebriv problemas
exeba, romelic udavod aqtualuria rogorc saqarTvelosTvis,
aseve msoflios qveynebisTvis.
,,sisxlis samarTlis mecnierebasa da praqtikaSi sakiTxi
msxverplis TanxmobiT misi sicocxlis mospobis Sesaxeb iyo da
dResac gansakuTrebiT sakamaToa. igi eTikur problemasTan aris
dakavSirebuli. arsebobs sxvadasxva mosazreba imis Taobaze,
SeuZlia Tu ara adamians gankargos Tavisi sicocxle ise, rogorc
surs“.5
,,evTanaziis sakiTxi kacobriobis civilizaciis
dasawyisidanve iyo msjelobis sagani da praqtikaSic
gamoiyeneboda, imis miuxedavad, iyo Tu ara igi akrZaluli. erTiani
sazogadoebrivi azri masze arasdros arsebobda“.6
evTanaziis sakiTxi aqtualuria rogorc Teoriuli, ise
praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT. AevTanaziis samedicino, samarTlebrivi,
filosofiuri, aqsiologiuri, eTikuri aspeqtebis Sesaxeb sakmao
raodenobis Sefasebebisa da daskvnebis miuxedavad, mraval arsebiT
sakiTxze ar arsebobs erTiani mosazreba. jer-jerobiT
pasuxgaucemelia kiTxva, valdebulia Tu ara adamiani, sxva
adamianis (ZiriTadad axlo naTesavis) xangrZliv da agoniur
tanjvas uyuros da araferi moimoqmedos misi tanjvisgan
gasaTavisufleblad; ,,valdebulia Tu ara eqimi, bolomde
ibrZolos adamianis sicocxlis SenarCunebisTvis da amasTan,
gaaxangrZlivos misi tanjva, Tu mas ufleba aqvs, gaaTavisuflos
adamiani tanjvisagan da mas ,,tkbili sikvdili“ aCuqos?“7 amiT eqimi
adamianis uflebis ganxorcielebas emsaxureba, Tu borotebis
aqts? am kiTxvebze yvela qveyana individualurad scems pasuxs imis
mixedviT, Tu rogoria maTi samarTlebrivi, sazogadoebrivi da
religiuri azrovneba.
evTanaziasTan mimarTebiT sakiTxi ver gadawydeba mecnierebis
sxvadasxva dargebTan, kerZod, iurisprudenciasTan kavSiris gareSe.
evTanazia, rogorc sicocxlis xelyofis Taviseburi forma,
gaazrebuli unda iqnas aseve msoflmxedvelobiT-filosofiuri da
religiuri TvalsazrisiT.
evTanaziis sakiTxi aqtualuria praqtikuli TvalsazrisiTac.
saqarTveloSi Ria, demokratiuli saxelmwifos mSeneblobisas,
dadga pirovnebis uzrunvelmyofeli pirobebisa da misi
demokratiuli uflebebis faqtobrivi realizaciis aucilebloba.
4
5
avtorTa koleqtivi, sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili, wigni I, meoTxe gamocema,
Tb., 2011, 52.
6
iqve, 50.
7
sayvareliZe f., statia, evTanazia _ mowyaleba Tu mkvleloba, Jurnali (J.)
Tavisufleba, Tb., 2003, 32.
6
am mimarTebiT adamianis uflebebi zogadad, kerZod ki, Tavisufali,
msubuqi sikvdilis ufleba, kidev met aqtualobas iZens. yalibdeba
cneba ,,ufleba sikvdilze“.
,,sicocxlis ufleba miekuTvneba uzenaes samarTlebriv
Rirebulebebs”.8 ,,ama Tu im uflebis mimarT erovnuli Tu
saerTaSoriso konsensusis aRiareba ki yovelTvis meoreulia,
radganac igi yovelTvis CamorCeba adamianis mier uflebaTa
aRmoCenis, aRqmis, gaTavisebis, dagulvebisa Tu dabevebis Sinagan
process. swored amiT gamoixateba adamianis uflebebis bunebiTi
warmoSobis aRiarebis kulturuli da samarTlebrivi fenomeni;
sayovelTao konsensusis arseboba ki ar aris da ver iqneba
sakmarisi dadastureba adamianis ama Tu im uflebis arsebobisa
sazogadod. ase rom ar iyos, adamiani uflebaTa samarTali
daxSuli, winaswarSemozRuduli, ganuviTarebadi mocemuloba
aRmoCndeboda da ara uflebaTa Semdgomi aRiarebisa da
gafarToebisken orientirebuli“. 9
bolo periodSi erT-erT yvelaze aqtualur sakiTxs
warmoadgens, aris Tu ara embrioni, fetusi uflebebis matarebeli
an ekuTvnis Tu ara mas specialuri dacva. abortTan
dakavSirebuli problemebi da fetusis dacva mraval qveyanaSi
sadavo sakiTxad iTvleba, maT Soris saqarTveloSi.
samecniero kvlevis sagani:
aRniSnuli naSromis samecniero kvlevis sagans warmoadgens
evTanazia, misi arsi da mniSvneloba, ZiriTadi aspeqtebi, evTanaziis
warmoSoba, misi saxeebi, evTanaziis adgili sisxlis samarTlaSi,
maT Soris saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTalSi, evTanaziasTan
dakavSirebuli zneobrivi, samarTlebrivi, religiuri problemebi
da sadao sakiTxebi; kvlevis sagani ganxilulia rogorc
istoriuli, ise SedarebiT-samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT;
ganxilulia evTanaziis sistemebi, mis momxreTa da mowinaaRmdegeTa
mosazrebebi da argumentebi, sazRvargareTis qveynebis
gamocdileba. naSromSi ganxilulia fetusi, misi arsi da
mniSvneloba, fetusis sicocxlis ufleba, misi samarTlebrivi
problemebi rogorc msoflios sxvadasxva qveynebis, ise
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis, aseve adamianis uflebaTa
saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiTac. ganxilulia sakiTxi
imasTan dakavSirebiT, aris Tu ara orsulobis xelovnuri Sewyveta
daubadebeli adamianis mimarT Cadenili danaSauli (daubadebeli
adamianis mkvleloba), Tu es dedis kanonieri uflebaa,
erTpirovnulad gankargos Tavisi sxeuli da janmrTeloba.
samecniero kvlevis mizani:
8
kublaSvili k., statia, sicocxlis ufleba saqarTvelos konstituciis mixedviT,
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli standartebi da maTi gavlena saqarTvelos
kanonmdeblobasa da praqtikaze, statiaTa krebuli, korkelia k. (red.), Tb., 2006,
188.
9
7
naSromis mizania farTod gaSuqdes evTanazia _ arsebobs Tu
ara ,,evTanaziis ufleba“, rogorc bunebiTi ufleba, ra
mimarTebaSia is adamianis uflebasTan sazogadod da ,,sicocxlis
uflebasTan“, ,,ramdenad marTlzomieria molodini da moTxovna
imisa, rom Tundac garkveul farglebSi da garkveuli pirobebis
dacviT, moxdes misi aRiareba“;10 aseve ganxilul iqnas fetusis
ufleba sicocxleze, rogorc bunebiTi ufleba, misi
samarTlebrivi regulireba. naSromis mizania, Tanmimdevrulad
moxdes fetusis sicocxlis uflebis ZiriTadი aspeqtebis ganxilva,
sakiTxis mimarT arsebuli sxvadasxva mosazrebebisa da
problemuri sakiTxebis gaanalizeba da Sesabamisi daskvnebis
gakeTeba.
samecniero siaxle:
mocemuli naSromi pirveli mcdelobaa, samecniero doneze
erTmaneTTan kavSirSi ganxiluliyo evTanaziisa da fetusis
sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis problemebi, adamianisa da fetusis
samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba. naSromSi dasmuli da pasuxgacemulia
kiTxva _ ratom SeiZleba fetusis ganadgureba kanoniT dadgenil
farglebSi, magram ar SeiZleba momakvdavis mokvdineba misi
daJinebuli Txovnis drosad ki.
naSromSi ganxilulia ,,sicocxlis uflebis“ Sinaarsi da
,,sikvdilis uflebis“ adgili sicocxlis uflebaSi.
kvlevis sagani detalurad aris ganxiluli eTikisa da
samarTlis WrilSi. warmodgenilia urTierTsapirispiro Sefasebebi
da maTi ganxilvis safuZvelze mocemulia daskvnebi da
rekomendaciebi.
naSromi urTierTkavSirSi ganixilavs evTanaziisa da abortis
marTlzomierebis sakiTxs, maT zneobriv da samarTlebriv
problemebs da qmedebis gamarTlebis xerxebs; warmoCenilia
evTanaziis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi, evTanaziis
legalizaciasTan da ganxorcielebis xerxebTan dakavSirebuli
mravali zneobrivi, samarTlebrivi da samedicino problemebi da
masTan dakavSirebuli gamousworebeli Sedegebi, aseve axleburad
aris ganxiluli fetusis sicocxlis ufleba da samarTlebrivi
statusi, dedis Tavisuflebisa da fetusis sicocxlis uflebis
farglebi, fetusis sicocxlis uflebis dacvis samarTlebrivi
problemebi.
naSromSi SedarebiT-samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT
ganxilulia sazRvargareTis qveynebis samarTlebrivi gamocdileba
evTanaziasTan da fetusis sisxlissamarTlebriv dacvasTan
mimarTebaSi da informaciul doneze warmodgenilia problemis
zogadi suraTi, ganxilulia saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mier
miRebuli konvenciebi da samarTlebrivi aqtebi, TiToeul
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ganxilulia magaliTebi, arsebuli
sasamarTlo praqtika, romlis saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobasTan da
10
8
sasamarTlo praqtikasTan SedarebiT, warmoCenilia saerTo da
ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi, gakeTebulia daskvnebi da SemoTavazebulia
rekomendaciebi.
naSromSi warmoCenilia sadisertacio kvlevasTan
dakavSirebuli samarTlebrivi problemebi, kanonmdeblobis
naklovanebebi da mocemulia rekomendaciebi, kerZod, evTanaziis
dakanonebis forma da pirobebi, misi detaluri mowesrigeba da
prevencia, aseve fetusis sicocxlis uflebis aRiarebis
aucilebloba da dedis Tavisuflebisa da fetusis sicocxlis
uflebis farglebi. dasabuTebulia saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi
cvlilebebis Setanis aucilebloba rogorc evTanaziasTan, ise
fetusis sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis kuTxiT, aseve
sagamonakliso SemTxvevebis detaluri aRwera.
naSromis praqtikuli mniSvneloba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom
masSi SemuSavebuli debulebebi, daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi
arsebiT wvlils Seitans evTanaziasTan da fetusis
sisxlissamarTlebriv dacvasTan dakavSirebuli sadavo sakiTxebis
gadawyvetaSi.
kvlevis Teoriul safuZvelsa da informaciul bazas
Seadgens qarTvel da ucxoel avtorTa fundamenturi kvlevebi,
samecniero naSromebi, statiebi da internet saitebze daculi
informacia.
kvlevis meTodologiuri safuZvlebi:
sadisertacio kvleva agebulia zogadsamecniero
meTodologiaze, romelic uzrunvelyofs naSromis arqiteqtonikis
struqturul organizacias da xels uwyobs misi ZiriTadi
miznebisa da amocanebis ganxorcielebas.
kvlevisas gamoyenebulia istoriuli, logikuri, dogmaturi,
SedarebiT-samarTlebrivi, sistemur-struqturuli, SedarebiT-
kriminologiuri, dialeqtikuri, hipoTezis wamoyenebis,
damuSavebisa da Semowmebis meTodebi.
kvlevisas aseve aqtiuradaa gamoyenebuli sxvadasxva
sociologiuri meTodika, romlebic iTvaliswinebs Seswavlis
obieqtisa da sagnis specifikas, kerZod:
 sistemuri midgomis meTodi, romelic danaSaulis
mravalferovnebisa da ierarqiulobis gaanalizebis
saSualebas iZleva;
 abstraqtul-logikuri meTodi, romelic kvlevisadmi
iseT midgomebs moicavs, rogoricaa: analizi da
sinTezi, deduqcia da induqcia, analogia, formaluri
logika da sxva;
 empiriuli meTodi, romelic aisaxa sociologiuri
gamokiTxvis Sedegebsa da saeqsperto daskvnebSi;
 statistikuri meTodi, ris safuZvelzec Seswavlil iqna
gansaxilveli danaSaulis ricxobrivi da xarisxobrivi
maCveneblebi da ganxorcielda SedarebiTi analizi
qronologiur da teritoriul WrilSi;
 monografiuli meTodi, romlis meSveobiTac vrclad da
detalurad iqna aRwerili evTanazia da fetusis
9
sicocxlis ufleba rogorc socialuri movlena da
SemuSavda saTanado rekomendaciebi.
naSromis struqtura:
naSromi Sedgeba Sesavlis, cxra Tavis, ocdaTormeti
paragrafisa da daskvnisagan. naSroms Tan erTvis gamoyenebuli
bibliografia.
10
Tavi 1. evTanaziis cneba, warmoSoba, arsi, mniSvneloba, saxeebi,
sistemebi da adgili sisxlis samarTalSi
1.1. evTanaziis cneba, warmoSoba, arsi, mniSvneloba
mosaxleoba Sedgeba garkveuli fizikuri organizaciisa da

biologiuri Tvisebebis mqone individebisagan, maT aqvT sxeuli,
romelTa normaluri funqciobisaTvis aucilebelia ori fexi, ori
xeli, ori Tvali, gamarTuli siaruli da a.S. isini cocxali,
mgrZnobiare arsebebi arian da swored aseTi arsebebisaTvis xdeba
autaneli gancda imisa, rom aRar arian sazogadoebis
srulfasovani wevrebi, rom maT dakarges qveynad yvelaze
mniSvnelovani faseuloba – janmrTeloba, gaxdnen invalidebi, Tan
zogierT maTgans awuxebs autaneli tkivilebi. swored amitom
samedicino dawesebulebaSi moxvedril ara erT adamians urCevnia,
tkivilebisagan gaTavisufleba da iRebs gadawyvetilebas –
daaswros sikvdils da Tavad moiswrafos sicocxle eqimis
daxmarebiT, anu eZebs e.w. àdvil sikvdils~, rac, ra Tqma unda,
garkveul samarTlebriv SedegebTanac aris dakavSirebuli.
,,evTanazia aris avadmyofobis bolo fazaSi myofi,
sasikvdilod ganwiruli adamianis mokvdineba sibralulis
motiviT, gausaZlisi fizikuri tanjvisagan misi gaTavisuflebis
mizniT. evTanaziad ganixileba zemoaRniSnuli motiviTa da mizniT
ganxorcielebuli sikvdilis daCqarebis yvela SemTxveva, rodesac
arsebobs avadmyofis moTxovna an Tanxmoba evTanaziis
ganxorcielebaze, an/da rodesac aseTi Tanxmobis miReba
SeuZlebelia avadmyofisgan, misi ugono mdgomareobaSi yofnis
gamo“.11
,,euTanazia warmoSobiT berZnuli sityvaa da pirdapiri
mniSvnelobiT gulisxmobs tkbil, msubuq, uSfoTvel, bednier
sikvdils, ,,igi Sedgeba ori nawilisgan _ ,,eu“ _ rac kargs niSnavs
da ,,Tanatos“ _ rac sikvdils niSnavs“. igi gulisxmobs adamianis
sikvdilis ganzrax daCqarebas an terminalur mdgomareobaSi myofi
mourCeneli avadmyofobisaTvis sicocxlis mospobas misi
tanjvisagan gaTavisuflebis mizniT“.12
evTanazia _ etimologiis Tanaxmad, wynari da gauwvalebeli
aRsasruli, ,,warmoqmnis konfliqts or uflebas Soris: erTia
momakvdavi adamianis sicocxlis ufleba da meore Tavad
momakvdavis sikvdilis survili“.13 erTia momakvdavis ufleba da
11
12
Tb., 2011, 52.
13
iqve, 52.
11
meore _ Tavad momakvdavis survili (an misi garemocvisa,
ganpirobebuli misdami sibraluliT).
,,evTanazia SeiZleba ganvmartoT, rogorc moqmedeba, romelic
iwvevs adamianis umtkivneulod mokvdinebas, raTa gaTavisufldes
tanjvisagan. is aZlevs adamians SesaZleblobas, ,,mSvidad da
advilad mokvdes“, rodesac is umZimesi da ukurnebeli seniT aris
daavadebuli da avadmyofobis ukanasknel stadiaze imyofeba“.14
,,evropuli civilizaciis qveynebSi, XX saukuneSi, samedicino
mecnierebaSi viTardeba azri ,,advili sikvdilis“ (evTanaziis)
Sesaxeb, Tumca evTanaziis idea didi xnis winaT daibada“.15
,,evTanaziis cneba ,,kargi sikvdili” jer kidev antikuri xanis
romaelebsa da berZnebs hqondaT gaazrebuli“16, rac umeteswilad
,,arasrulfasovani sicocxlis” Tvalsazriss ukavSirdeboda.
antikuri sazogadoeba sicocxles umaRles Rirebulebad ar
ganixilavda.17
,,termini ,,evTanazia“ pirvelad cnobilma ingliselma
filosofosma _ frensis bekonma (1561-1626 wlebi (ww.)) gamoiyena 1605
wels (w.) mSvidi, uSfoTveli, advili da umtkivneulo sikvdilis
aRsaniSnavad“.18
termini evTanazia sakmaod xSirad gamoiyeneba samedicino
sferoSi, sadac igi aRniSnavs avadmyofis umtkivneulo mokvdinebas.
samedicino enaze igi SeiZleba ganvmartoT rogorc avadmyofis
moTxovnis dakmayofileba, misi sikvdilis daCqarebis Sesaxeb ama
Tu im xerxiT, maT Soris sicocxlis xelovnuri xelSemwyobi
saSualebebis gamouyeneblobiTac.19
,,viwro mniSvnelobiT evTanazia momakvdavisaTvis tanjvis
Semamsubuqebeli iseTi saSualebis micemaa, romelic sikvdils ar
daaCqarebes. aseTi evTanazia eqimis movaleobaa. sxvagvari gagebiT,
esaa ukurnebeli seniT daaavadebuli da tkivilebiT gawamebuli
adamianisaTvis sibralulis motiviT iseTi saSualebis micema,
romelic ara marto gauyuCebs tkivils, aramed sicocxlesac
mouspobs”.20
msoflioSi ver SeTanxmdnen evTanaziis arsis Sesaxeb.
evTanaziis Sesaxeb sakmaod Rrma da mravalmxrivi naSromi aqvs
eqimsa da filosofoss, kaTolikuri eklesiis TvalsaCino
warmomadgenels, monsenior Jak sudos. misi naSromidan irkveva:
termini ,,advili sikvdili” gamoyenebulia evTanaziis Sesaxeb romis
14
Sengelia a., statia, evTanazia – danaSauli Tu adamianis ufleba sakuTari
sicocxlis nebasTan dakavSirebiT, marTlmsajuleba da kanoni, #3(30), 2011,
125-126.
15
Tb., 2011, 52.
16
tatulaSvili l., statia, mkvleloba msxverplis TxovniT (muxli 110-e)
evTanaziis ganviTarebis mokle istoriuli mimoxilva, evTanaziis cneba da
saxeebi, ornati #2, 2009, 62.
17
Романовский Г. Б., Право на жизнь и эвтаназия, Гносеология право на жизнь, 2003, 98.
18
qardava e., statia, evTanaziis problema sisxlis samarTalSi, J. samarTali,
mecniereba, publicistika, praqtika, Tb., 2001, 59.
19
ixileT (ix.) iqve, 59.
20
iqve, 59.
12
kaTolikuri eklesiis 1980 wlis 5 maisi deklaraciaSi, romlis
Tanaxmad, deklaraciaSi igulisxmeba nebismieri moqmedeba an
umoqmedoba, romelic Tavisi arsiT, ganzrax iwvevs sikvdils da
miznad isaxavs tkivilisa da tanjvis Tavidan acilebas, ese igi
(e.i.) Tavisi pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT, evTanazia aris ganzrax
mkvleloba im meTodis gamoyenebiT, romelic iwvevs nakleb
tkivils da tanjvas, ganxorcielebulia sibralulis gamo
imisTvis, rom bolo moeRos tanjvas an imisTvis, rom Tavidan iqnas
acilebuli sicocxlis gaxangrZliveba im tkivilebis
TanaarsebobasTan erTad, romelic miCneulia araadamianurad.21
deklaraciaSi dagmobilia rogorc aqtiuri, ise pasiuri evTanazia.
evTanaziis samgvari gageba arsebobs:
 viwro gageba _ momakvdavisaTvis tanjvis
Semamsubuqebeli iseTi saSualebis micema, romelic
sikvdils ar daaCqarebs;
 ukurnebeli seniT daavadebuli, avadmyofobis letalur
fazaSi myofi adamianisTvis, sibralulis motiviT iseTi
samedicino preparatis micema, romelic mas sicocxles
mouspobs.
 farTo gageba _ evTanazia fsiqikurad an fizikurad
,,arasrulfasovani sicocxlis’’ mospobaa evgenikuri
(keTilSobiluri) Tu socialuri mosazrebiT. aseTi
evTanazia SeuTavsebelia Tanamedrove civilizirebuli
kacobriobis zneobriv SexedulebebTan. faSistur
germaniaSi egreT wodebul ,,evTanaziis programas’’,
hitleris 1939 wlis 1 seqtembris brZanebis Sesabamisad,
farTod axorcielebdnen rogorc ,,arasrulfasovani
adamianebis’’, ise politikuri mowinaaRndegeebis,
tyveebis, ebraelebisa da ,,dabali rasis’’
warmomadgenelTa mimarT“,22 rac sabolood aRniSnuli
kategoriis masobrivi Jletis saSualebad iqca.
evTanaziis viwro gageba kritikas imsaxurebs, vinaidan Znelia
evTanaziad CaiTvalos moqmedeba, romelic arc sicocxlis
SenarCunebas da arc sikvdilis daCqarebas ar emsaxureba.
,,1980 wlis 5 maiss sarwmunoebis swavlebis kongregaciis mier
miRebuli dokumentis _ ,,deklaracia evTanaziis Sesaxeb”
ganxilvaze miRebul iqna evTanaziis Semdegi ganmarteba: ,,evTanazia
gulisxmobs yovel qmedebas an umoqmedobas, romelic Tavisi arsiT
da ganzraxviT iwvevs sikvdils, romlis mizanic tkivilisa da
tanjvis Tavidan acilebaa”23.
,,evTanaziis es gansazRvreba marTalia, Seicavs e.w. pasiur
evTanazias (umoqmedobiT gamowveul mokvdinebas), magram masSi ar
aris asaxuli diagnozi, pirovnebis Seuracxadoba, misi da
21
ix. Jerome Hamer, O.P., Declaration Of Euthanasia,
www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19800505_euthanasia_
en.html, mopovebis TariRi 02.11.2011.
22
wulaia z., danaSauli adamianis winaaRmdeg, Tb., 2000, 51.
23arCvaZe v., statia, evTanazia, Tanamedrove medicina, #1 noember-dekemberi, 2007,
19.
13
axloblebis neba, xolo tkivilis gamo avadmyofis mokvdinebis
sakiTxis dasma Tanamedrove farmakologiuri arsenalis pirobebSi
ki cota ar iyos gaugebaria“,24 vinaidan tkivili zogadi cnebaa da
igi yovelTvis ar aris dakavSirebuli avadmyofobis letalur
stadiasTan da mis Tanmxleb autanel fizikur tanjvasTan,
romelsac mudmivi xasiaTi aqvs. ,,medicinis doqtoris Jak sudos
komentari evTanaziaze aseTia: ,,Tavisi pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT
evTanazia aris winaswarganzraxuli mkvleloba“, im meTodis
meSveobiT, romelic yvelaze nakleb tkivilsa da tanjvas iwvevs da
sruldeba ,,sibralulis gamo adamianis mimarT, romlis autanel
tanjvasa da cxovrebiseul sirTuleebs unda moeRos bolo,
romelTa Rirsic TviT is adamiani ar aris“. mecnieris azriT,
terminologiuri abrakadabra evTanaziis momxreTaA mier
xelovnurad aris provocirebuli, raTa terminebi ,,vacaloT
sikvdili” (pasiuri evTanazia) da ,,davexmaroT sikvdilSi” (aqtiuri
anu WeSmariti evTanazia) erTmaneTTan gaigivebuli yofiliyo”.25
,,evTanaziis Sesaxeb deklaracia 1987 wels iqna miRebuli da
masSi pirdapir aris Cawerili, rom evTanazia araeTikuria, Tumca
ar gamoricxavs eqimis mxridan avadmyofis Txovnis mimarT
pativiscemas, romelic avadmyofobis terminalur fazaSia da
sikvdilis gardauval process tanjviT gadis“.26
sxvadasxva istoriul periodSi, imisda mixedviT, Tu ra
Rirebuleba hqonda adamianis sicocxles, evTanaziis sakiTxi
sxvadasxvagvarad wydeboda. AwarsulSi SemuSavda samarcxvino
cneba _ ,,arasrulfasovani adamiani“ da daisva misi sicocxlis
saWiroebis sakiTxi.
evTanazia siaxles ar warmoadgens msofliosTvis, misi
garkveuli saxiT gamovlinebebs adgili hqonda jer kidev uZveles
epoqaSi. spartas sinamdvileSi, sadac mxolod Zlieri aRnagobis
adamianis kulti batonobda, martivad wydeboda ,,arasrulfasovani“
adamianis bedi, maT mimarT damokidebuleba. aseT adamianebs
anadgurebdnen. spartaSi xocavdnen (kldidan yridnen) sust,
fizikuri an fsiqikuri naklis mqone bavSvebs, radganac miiCnevdnen,
rom maTgan ver dadgeboda Zlieri meomari, es ki spartelebisTvis
miuRebeli iyo, radgan Tvlidnen, rom aseT bavSvebs didi xnis
sicocxle mainc ar eweraT imdroindel sisxlismRvrel samyaroSi,
amitom am gziT, rogorc spartelebi miiCnevdnen,
,,aTavisuflebdnen“ maT sicocxlis momavali siZneleebisgan.
spartis Soriaxlo erTi klde mdebareobda, romlis cicabo
kalTa Rrma xevSi eSveboda. kldis gamonaSverze, rogorc cixe-
koSkis baqanze, spartanelebs is Svilebi miyavdaT, romlebic
qalaqis uxucesebis SefasebiT gamobrZmedil meomar-hoplitebad ar
ivargebdnen. am bavSvebs mSoblebis Tvalwin xramSi Cexavdnen.
spartanels ar unda hqonoda sibraluli. am qalaq-saxelmwifoSi,
24
arCvaZe v., dasaxelebuli statia (dasax. statia), 19.
25
iqve, 19.
26
Иванюшкин В.Я., Дубова Е.А., Правовые и Этические аспекты эвтаназии, Вестник АМН СССР,
№ 6, 1984, 72.
14
romelic samxedro banaki ufro iyo, sneulebs, sustebs da gonjebs
ar ecxovrebodaT.27
sparta ar iyo erTaderTi gamonaklisi, aseT SemTxveevbs sxva
qveynebSic hqonda adgili. MმagაliTad, iaponiaSi moxucebs,
romelTac aRar SeeZloT sakuTari Tavis movla da TavianT
naTesavebs ,,zedmet tvirTad“ awvnen, tovebdnen ukacriel adgilas,
raTa isini iq daxociliyvnen. romSi araerTxel hqonda adgili
SemTxvevas, roca patriciebi, romlebic politikuri TvalsazrisiT
gamouval mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndnen, TavianTi didebis dacemas
sikvdils arCevdnen da TavianTi monebis xeliT ixocebodnen.28
A aTenis udidesi filosofosi platoni, Tavisi drois
zneobriv SexedulebaTa Sesabamisad, evTanazias savsebiT
dasaSvebad Tvlida, misi azriT, sasamarTloc da eqimic unda
zrunavdes moqalaqeebze, romlebic srulyofilni arian suliTac
da xorciTac, xolo vinc aseTi ar aris, vinc suliTac mankieria
da xorciTac ukurnebeli _ is unda mokvdes.29
sul sxvagvari Sexedulebisaa am sakiTxze rogorc iudaizmi,
ise qristianuli religia. A,,maT sikvdil-sicocxlis erTaderT
gamgeblad RmerTi gamoacxades, xolo tanjva da wameba _
ganwmendisa da RmerTTan miaxloebis safasuri“.30 es ori
sarwmunoeba absoluturad krZalavda kacis mokvlas, ra mizniTac
ar unda momxdariyo es, Tundac avadmyofis tanjvisagan
ganTavisuflebis mizniT da misi Sebralebis motiviT. Aufro metic,
isini krZalavdnen TviT tanjvis Semsubuqebasac ki agoniis dros.
Sua saukuneebis saRvTismetyvelo azrovnebam gaaRviZa azri
adamianis, rogorc gansakuTrebuli, RmerTiseuli faseulobis
Sesaxeb. am azrma kiTxvis niSani dausva platonis Sexedulebis
siswores.31
,,aRsaniSnavia, rom aristotele da piTagorelebi mZimed
daavadebulTa mokvdinebis winaaRmdegni iyvnen. ,,bioeTikis
enciklopediis“ Tanaxmad, swored piTagorelTa Sexedulebebma
hpova asaxva hipokrates ficSi“.32
,,XVI saukuneSi renesansma uaryo spiritualisturi
Sexeduleba sicocxleze. Camoyalibda axali humanisturi
msoflmxedveloba, romelmac kacTmoyvareobis, Tavisuflebis,
samarTalmcodneobisa TanamSromlobis principebi adamianTa Soris
urTierTobebis normebad gamoacxada. iqmneba TavisTavadi adamianis
pirovnebis doqtrina. renesansis ideali ukve veRar Tavsdeba
saeklesio-astekuri moralisa da Sua saukuneebis tradiciebis
CarCoebSi. man gamoavlina RirebulebaTa Taviseburi gadafaseba.
27
ix. www.orthodoxy.ge/tserilebi/siskhli_gagadebs.htm, 11.08.2011.
28
ix. Платон, Сочинения, Москва (М.), 1971, 195.
29
ix. iqve, 195-196.
30
31
ix. iqve, 62.
32
mamulaSvili b., bioeTika, saxelmZRvanelo umaRlesi saswavleblis
studentebisTvis, gamomcemloba (gamomc.) universali, Tb., 2011, 119.
15
humanistebma daiwyes brZola adamianis moRvaweobisa da misi
azrebisadmi dawesebuli saeklesio kontrolis winaaRmdeg, rac
konkretulad gamoixateba Sua saukuneebis moralis iseTi
safuZvlebis kreditiT rogoricaa tradiciebi, dogmebi da a.S.
axalma anTroprocentristulma moZRvrebam samyaros centrad
miiCnia adamiani, rogorc bunebis yvelaze srulyofili qmnileba.
yoveli amis safuZvelze renesansma daasabuTa evTanaziis saWiroeba
sibralulisa da kacTmoyvareobis ideiT”.33
,,daaxloebiT asi wlis win religiurobis dacemisa da
evoluciuri Teoriis gavrcelebis pirobebSi vrceldeba
mosazrebebi nebayoflobiTi evTanaziis Sesaxeb _ pirovnebis
uflebaze daasrulos sakuTari sicocxle, rodesac ganukurnebeli
daavadeba sicocxles tanjvad aqcevs da axloblebisTvisac
veranairi sargebloba ver moaqvs. am dros inglissa da amerikaSi
ganixilavdnen avadmyofis uflebas _ mimarTos eqims TxovniT,
sikvdilis daCqarebisa da sicocxlis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb. amasTan,
eqimis roli ganisazRvreboda zusti diagnozirebis
aucileblobasa da momakvdinebeli preparatebis miwodebaSi”.34
,,Tanamedrove civilizebuli samyaro iZulebiTi evTanaziis
azrsac ki dasagmobad Tvlis. tragikuli SemTxvevebi, romelTac
adgili hqonda meore msoflio omis dros, naTlad adasturebs,
rom dauSvebelia adamianTa Tanacxovrebis elementaruli normebis
darRveva; aravis aqvs ufleba xelyos adamianis sicocxle mxolod
im safuZvliT, rom misi SenarCuneba sazogadoebas tvirTad awveba.
germanuli faSizmis e.w. evTanaziis programam Tavad moaxdina
evTanaziis ideis diskreditacia. amis damsaxurebaa is, rom
msoflio sazogadoebrivi azri evTanaziis problemas didi
sifrTxiliT ekideba”.35
,,XII saukunis ebraelma folosofosma, specialobiT eqimma,
moSe maimonidim aRiara adamianis sicocxlis mniSvneloba da
daasabuTa am Rirebulebisadmi uaryofiTi damokidebulebis
miuRebloba. igi uaryofda adamianis sicocxlis xelyofas da
adamianebs sicocxlis RvTaebrivi warmoSobis unikalurobaze
miuTiTebda“.36
iRwvoda ra idealuri saxelmwifos modelis asagebad,
ingliseli humanisti, Tomas mori ZiriTad SromaSi ,,utopia“
arkvevda saxelmwifoSi mcxovrebi adamianebis bed-iRbals,
miuTiTebda avadmyofebTan urTierTobaze, ukurnebeli seniT
daavadebulTa movlis, maTTvis fizikuri da zneobrivi tanjvis
Semsubuqebis saWiroebaze.37 ,,magram Tu ukurnebel sens, _
msjelobda Tomas mori, _ amave dros emateba autaneli tkivili...
33
tatulaSvili l., dasax. statia, 62.
34
studentebisTvis, gamomc. universali, Tb., 2011, 120.
35
Tb., 2011, 52-53.
36
gegeSiZe d., statia, evTanazia _ mowyaleba Tu danaSauli?!, samedicino eTika,
xecuriani r. (red.), Tb., 2003, 10.
37
ix. Томас Мор, Утопия, Харков, 1923, 111.
16
isini vinc rCevas daijereben, nebayoflobiT iklaven Tavs, anda maT
aZineben da isini SeumCnevlad gadadian sxva sicocxleSi“. 38 ase
logikurad Semoitana msjelobis sagnad evTanaziis problema
Tomas morma ,,idealur saxelmwifoSi“.
evTanaziis kategoriuli uaryofa moiTxova Sua saukuneebis
gamoCenilma Teologma Toma aqvinelma (1225-1274ww.),Amisi msjelobis
Tanaxmad, sicocxlis raime saxiT xelyofa RvTaebrivis
sawinaaRmdego qmedebaa.
adamianis, misi movaleobis, sikvdilis sazrisis sakiTxi Tavis
naSromebSi warmoaCina ingliselma filosofosma frensis bekonma
(1561-1626ww.). Sebralebis sababiT ,,uSfoTveli, tkbili sikvdilis“
Tema man bunebrivad CaTvala. ATviT cneba ,,evTanazia“-s
damkvidrebac, rogorc ukve aRiniSna, bekonis saxelTan aris
dakavSirebuli.39 A,,eseSi ,,sikvdilis Taobaze“ igi wers: ,,sikvdili
momxibvlelia tanjulTaTvis, visac autanel tvirTad daswolia
urva da borkilebi, da enatreba aRsasruli glaxak qristians _
bedis Carxi rom ukuRma dautrialda da amitomac suli misi
amboxebulia. aseTTaTvis sikvdili xsnaa, xolo samare _
sanatreli sareceli gansasveneblad“. bekonma aucilebel eTikur
moTxovnad wamoayena momakvdavisaTvis daxmareba“.40
,,XVIII saukuneSi Camoyalibda azri, rom e.w. ,,surviliT
mkvlelobis” faqtebi gaemijnos ganzrax mkvlelobaTa danaSaulis
sferos da am dros gamoyenebuli iyos SedarebiT msubuqi sasjeli,
magram es ar gaiziara rogorc evropis, ise anglo-saqsurma
samarTalma. XX saukunis dasawyisSi germanelma iuristma bindigma
da fsiqiatrma goSem wamoayenes winadadeba: evTanaziad CaTvliliyo
e.w. ,,arasrulfasovani“ sicocxlis mospoba, rac dasabuTebuli iyo
sazogadoebiTvis zedmeti tvirTvis ,,arasrulfasovani adamianebis”
mokvdinebis aucileblobiT“.41
XX saukunis pirvel naxevarSi (30-ian, 40-ian wlebSi)
faSistur germaniaSi evTanazia xorcieldeboda masobrivi
masStabiT (evTanaziis farTo gageba), boroti mizniT, ramac
SeaZrwuna imdroindeli samyaro. am periodis germaniaSi SeimuSaves
e.w. ,,evTanaziis programa“, romlis Sesaxebac ganacxades 1933 wlis
14 ivlisis dekretSi ,,erovnebis dacvis Sesaxeb“. evTanaziis
saxelmwifo politika ZaldatanebiT xorcieldeboda da igi
mimarTuli iyo imaT winaaRmdeg, vinc sazogadoebisaTvis
,,ekonomikur tvirTs“ warmoadgenda. mecnierebi da eqimebi
,,rasobrivi higienis“ farTo propagandas eweodnen. maTi
zegavleniT, hitlerma 1939 wels gamosca brZanebuleba im bavSvebis
registraciis Sesaxeb, romlebic daavadebulni iyvnen sxvadasxva
simaxinjiT, maTgan xuTi aTass Cautares evTanazia da
38
Томас Мор, Утопия, Харков, 1923, 111.
39
ix. bekoni f., sikvdilis Taobaze axali Targmanebi, Tb., 1992, 72.
40
iqve, 72.
41
berianiZe s., statia, evTanazia: ufleba sicocxleze Tu ufleba sikvdilze?
(samarTlebrivi da deontologiuri aspeqtebi), krebuli, saqarTvelos
socialur-ekonomikuri da samarTlebrivi ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi globaluri
gamowvevebis fonze, Tb., 2010, 97.
17
pentobarbitalis Warbi doza miaRebines. meore brZanebulebis
safuZvelze, evTanaziis mizniT, gazis kamerebSi moaTavses aTi
aTasobiT mozardi da ufrosi asakis adamiani gonebrivi
aSlilobiT.42
faSizmis damarcxebis Semdeg,Anacistebis mier Catarebuli
eqsperimentebi msoflio samedicino asociaciam dagmo.
sazogadoebrivma azrma mTel msoflioSi uaryo evTanazia, rogorc
humanurobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli qmedeba, magram 15-20 wlis
gasvlis Semdeg, evTanaziis sakiTxi isev aqtualuri gaxda, isev
daiwyo sazogadoebrivi moZraoba ,,ufleba Rirseul sikvdilze“.43
faSizmis dros ganxorcielebuli programa iTvaliswinebda
ganukurnebeli seniT daavadebuli avadmyofebis, fizikuri Tu
sulieri naklis mqone adamianebis, aratradiciuli seqsualuri
orientaciis mqone adamianebis, aseve e.w. ,,arasrulfasovani
erovnebis“ warmomadgenelTa masobriv ganadgurebas. programa 3
punqtisgan Sedgeboda:
1. ganukurneblebis daxocva;
2. e.w. gansakuTrebuli moqceviT ganadgureba (kerZod, maTze
samedicino eqsperimentebis Catareba, qirurgiuli da
preparatuli mkurnalobis cdebis Catareba);
3. sterilizacia.
nacisti eqimebi saavadmyofoebSi arCevdnen xalxs, romlebic
maTi azriT, ar eweodnen adamianisTvis Rirseul cxovrebas da
,,aTavisuflebdnen“ maT ,,tanjvisa da tkivilisgan“. es programa iyo
e.w. ,,generaluri repeticia“, rasac SemdgomSi mohyva sisxliani
,,speqtakli“ _ ebraelebis masobrivi ganadgureba.44
nacisti eqimebi ZiriTadad iyenebdnen gazis kamerebs. am
qmedebebs araviTari saerTo ar hqoniaT medicinasTan, samecniero
kvlevebTan. germaniis mosaxleoba male daupirispirda am
programas, misi xelmZRvanelebi ki iZulebulni gaxdnen farulad
da aralegalurad ganexorcielebinaT TavianTi sisxliani saqme.
swored amitom, evTanaziis sakiTxi Zalian mtkivneulia germaniaSi
da dResdReobiT evTanaziis mcdelobac ki dasjadia.45
germaniaSi moqmedma ,,evTanaziis centrebma” Tavisi Savbneli
saqmeebi Seasrules.Aniurnbergis procesma warmoaCina danaSauli
kacobriobis winaSe. Aes aisaxa kidec dokumentSi _ ,,niurnbergis
kodeqsi”, romelic adamianis uflebebisa da samedicino personalis
movaleobis saerTaSoriso dokumentia. masSi mTeli
kategoriulobiT naTqvamia, rom samedicino eqsperimentisaTvis
adamianis nebayoflobiTi Tanxmoba aucilebelia.46
,,evTanaziis mimarT qarTul sazogadoebriv cnobierebaSi
damkvidrebulia ZiriTadad uaryofiTi damokidebuleba, rac
ganpirobebulia saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis
42
ix. niurnbegis kodeqsi, bioeTika, Tb., 2001, 332-333.
43 ix. iqve, 332-333.
44 ix. iqve, 332-333.
45
ix. Scott Denham, Stories of Euthanasia in Germany, Issues in integrative Studies, No. 18,
2000, 9-10.
46
ix. niurnbegis kodeqsi, bioeTika, Tb., 2001, 332-333.
18
poziciiT, ZirZveli erovnuli tradiciebiT da wes-CveulebebiT,
romlis Tanaxmadac, evTanazia aSkara TviTmkvlelobaa, rac didi
codvaa. saeklesio pirTa pozicia Semdegia _ ,,evTanaziasTan eTikis
xseneba araeTikuria, rameTu rogorc macxovari gvaswavlis,
araferia saziaro naTelsa da bnels Soris. sityva ,,evTanazia”
berZnulidan rom vTargmnoT niSnavs ,,karg sikvdils”, xolo Cveni
qristianuli Rrma rwmeniT, aseT karg sikvdils ,,cudi ukvdaveba”
mosdevs jojoxeTSi. evTanaziis momxreebi ara imdenad aTeizms
amJRavneben, ramdenadac ufro metad satanizms“.47 eklesiis msaxurni
evTanazias TviTmkvlelobas adareben da acxadeben, rom ,,is, vinc
TviTmkvlelobis mosurne avadmyofs exmareba am codvis CadenaSi,
sxva ara aris ra, Tu ara kacismkvleli. kacismkvlelebi arian
avadmyofis axloblebic, romlebic Tavisi moyvasis
sasowarkveTilebisagan gamoyvanas ki ar cdiloben, aramed
ubiZgeben saukuno satanjvelisaken. ormagad scodavs eqimi,
romelic amas Cadis, radgan mas ficic ki aqvs dadebuli, izrunos
avadmyofis janmrTelobasa da sicocxleze“.48 eklesiis amgvarma
damokidebulebam, ara marto qarTul sazogadoebaze, aramed
kanonmdeblis gadawyvetilebazec moaxdina gavleba. maSin, roca
evTanazia, misi nebismieri formiT, marTlmadidebluri eklesiis
mier satanis msaxurebad aris gamocxadebuli, romelic sabolood
uspobs avadmyofs sinanulisa da cxonebis saSualebas, saxelmwifo
mis dekriminalizacias ver gabedavda.
,,qarTul istoriografiasa da iurisprudenciaSi
evTanaziisadmi interesi ganxilvis doneze XX saukuneSi
gamoikveTa. AsaqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi (ssk),
gasagebi mizezebis gamo, mTlianad imeorebda imdroindeli sabWoTa
kavSiris sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis muxlebs. pirvel xanebSi
kodeqsis Sesabamisi muxli evTanazias mkvlelobad miiCnevda,
magram gardacvlilis Txovnis da Sebralebis motivis
gaTvaliswinebiT sasjeli sagrZnoblad msubuqdeboda. am normis
xasiaTze didxans axdenda gavlenas rsfsr49-s 1922 wlis sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis 143-e muxlis SeniSvna, sadac miTiTebuli iyo,
rom aseTi danaSauli sruliad ar isjeba. Aam normam cota xans
imoqmeda. SemdgomSi mtkiced damkvidrda norma, romlis Tanaxmadac,
mkvleloba dazaralebulis TanxmobiT da Sebralebis motiviT,
oficialuri kanonmdeblobiT isjeboda rogorc Cveulebrivi
ganzraxi mkvleloba. sabolood evTanazia fasdeboda, rogorc
bralis Semamsubuqebeli zogadi garemoeba, Aam SemTxvevaSi
gaTvaliswinebuli iyo avadmyofis daJinebuli Txovna da
sibralulis motivi“. 50
47
interviu dekanoz arCil mindiaSvilTan,
www.orthodoxy.ge/skhva/evtanazia.htm, 10.07.2010.
48
iqve,
49
rsfsr _ ruseTis sabWoTa federaciuli socialusturi respublika.
50
lekveiSvili m., adamianis sicocxlis winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaulTa
zogierTi Tavisebureba axali sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis mixedviT,
J. samarTali #6-7, Tb., 2000, 80.
19
evTanaziis sakiTxi XXI saukuneSi Zalian mniSvnelovani da
aqtualuria, igi dakvirvebas da gaanalizebas moiTxovs.
sazogadoeba da saxelmwifo unda SeTanxmdes evTanaziis arsTan
dakavSirebiT, Tumca jer-jerobiT evTanazia dResac diskusiis
aqtiur sagnad rCeba.
1.2. evTanaziis saxeebi
evTanazia SeiZleba ganxorcieldes ,,pacientis TanxmobiT,

(nebayoflobiTi evTanazia), an Tanxmobis gareSe (iZulebiTi
evTanazia). nebayoflobiTi evTanaziis dros, pacienti Tavad
gamoTqvams sikvdilis survils. iZulebiTi evTanaziis dros ki,
pacienti uunaroa, rom miiRos gadawyvetileba da amas mis magivrad,
misi ndobiT aRWurvili pirebi akeTeben“.51 iZulebiTi evTanazia ar
niSnavs, rom pacienti gonebrivad CamorCenilia, aramed mas ar
SeuZlia miiRos gadawyvetileba an/da daamyaros komunikacia sxva
pirebTan. aseT viTarebaSi gadawyvetilebas iRebs ojaxis wevri _
meuRle, mSobeli, Svili, axlo naTesavi. aseTi piris ararsebobis
an xelmiuwvdomlobis SemTxvevaSi, aseve Tuki sasamarTlo miiCnevs,
rom msgavsi pirebidan aravis aqvs keTili zraxvebi pacientis
mimarT, gadawyvetilebis miRebis funqcia SeiZleba gadaeces
socialur muSaks, advokats an sxva oficialur pirs. keTili
zraxvebis arqona gulisxmobs, rom am pirebs avadmyofis mimarT
sibralulis grZnoba ar amoZravebT. saxezea angareba, qonebis
dapatronebis, usargeblo tvirTis moSorebis an sxva mizani.
sasamarTlo aseT gadawyvetilebas iRebs konkretuli situaciis
Sefasebis Sedegad, rac gulisxmobs informaciis gacnobas
pacientsa da mis naTesavebs Soris arsebuli damokidebulebis
Sesaxeb, pacientis naTesavebis damokidebulebis Sefasebas
pacientTan urTierTobaSi avadmyofobis letalur stadiamde da
mis Semdgom, pacientis naTesavebTan da megobrebTan gasaubrebas.52
erTmaneTisgan ganasxvaveben evTanaziis sam saxes:
1. aqtiur evTanazias;
2. pasiur evTanazias;
3. TviTmkvlelobas eqimis daxmarebiT.
,,aqtiuri nebayoflobiTi evTanazia gulisxmobs ukurnebeli
daavadebis terminalur stadiaze myofi avadmyofis mimarT iseTi
preparatis gamoyenebas, romelic aCqarebs sikvdils“53 (e.w.
,,Sevsebuli Spricis meTodi“). ,,aqtiuri evTanaziis dros, sikvdilis
daCqareba xorcieldeba movlenebis bunebrivad ganviTarebaSi
aqtiuri CareviT, magaliTad (mag.) avadmyofisTvis wamlis Warbi
51
sicocxlis nebasTan dakavSirebiT, marTlmsajuleba da kanoni, #3(30), 2011, 126.
52
ix. www.pregnantpause.org/euth/types.htm/Types of euthanasia/Posted 20 Nov 2001, 14.08.2011.
53
Tb., 2011, 53.
20
dozis micemiT an sxvagvarad“.54 ,,aqtiuria evTanazia, romelic
gulisxmobs aqtiuri Camrevi RonisZiebebiT avadmyofobis procesSi
ukve Camqrali sicocxlis Semoklebas“.55
,,pasiuri evTanazia gulisxmobs ukurnebeli seniT
daavadebuli pacientisTvis damxmare Terapiis Sewyvetas“ 56 (e.w.
,,gadadebuli Spricis meTodi“), rac Sedegad sikvdils iwvevs iseve,
rogorc aqtiuri evTanazia, Tumca am ukanasknelisgan gansxvavebiT,
pasiuri evTanazia sikvilis dadgomas ar aCqarebs. Sedegi dgeba
bunebrivad, samedicino daxmarebis Sewyvetis gziT. aseT dros
,,Careva“ mxolod mkurnalobis gagrZelebis SewyvetiT amoiwureba,
rac avadmyofs saSualebas aZlevs, bunebrivad daasrulos Tavisi
sicocxle“.57 ,,pasiuri evTanazia gulisxmobs uaris Tqmas
sicocxlis gamaxangrZlivebel Terapiaze, an ukve dawyebuli
Terapiis Sewyvetas“.58 A
pasiuri evTanaziis dros, ar xdeba xelovnuri Careva
sicocxlis SeCerebaSi, aramed ubralod, ukanasknel terminalur
stadiaze myofi pacientis mkurnaloba aRar grZeldeba, anu aRar
xdeba avadmyofisTvis medikamentebis miwodeba.
,,pasiuri evTanaziis tipuri magaliTia safrangeTis yofili
prezidentis _ miteranis sikvdili. avTvisebiani simsivniT
daavadebulma miteranma, mkurnal eqimebTan SeTanxmebis Semdeg,
Sewyvita wamlebis miReba (tkivilgamayuCebeli saSualebebis garda).
ramdenime dRis Semdeg prezidenti gardaicvala“.59
sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, aqtiuri evTanazia aris piris ganzrax
mkvleloba Sewyalebis motiviT, xolo pasiuri evTanazia niSnavs
sicocxlis xelSewyobis saSualebebis ganzrax Sewyvetas, ra
drosac bunebrivi sikvdili dgeba.
samedicino aparaturis gamorTviT, eqimi uars ambobs
pacientis mkurnalobaze. aq adgili aqvs ara moqmedebas, aramed
eqimis mier mkurnalobis gagrZelebaze uaris Tqmas, e.i.
umoqmedobas. Tu eqimi avadmyofs pirvelad samedicino daxmarebas
Seuwyvets, misi qmedeba Sefasdeba rogorc umoqmedoba, aseve
Sefasdeba eqimis mier aparatis gamorTva, vinaidan miuxedavad imisa,
rom eqimi garkveul moqmedebas axorcielebs, raTa samedicino
54
55
qardava e., statia, evTanaziis problema sisxlis samarTalSi, Jurnali
samarTali, mecniereba, publicistika, praqtika, Tb., 2001, 59.
56
Tb., 2011, 53.
57
58
qardava e., dasax. statia, 59.
59
21
aparati gamorTos, misi sxeulebrivi moZraoba iwvevs samedicino
daxmarebis Sewyvetas.60
,,TviTmkvleloba eqimis daxmarebiT gulisxmobs, avadmyofisve
TxovniT, misTvis sicocxlis momswrafveli preparatebis (rasac
Tavad avadmyofi iyenebs damoukideblad), an maT Sesaxeb
informaciis gadacemas“.61 eqimi uzrunvelyofs pacientisTvis
sicocxlis dasrulebis process, magram ar warmarTavs mas, mag: Tu
eqimi pacients morfinis sasikvdilo dozas ukeTebs, es aqtiuri
evTanaziaa, magram Tu eqimi pacientis sawolTan debs saineqciod
gamzadebul nemss, pacients ganumartavs, ras warmoadgens es nemsi
da amis Semdeg pacients marto tovebs, raTa man ineqcia Tavad
gaikeTos da pacienti asec iqceva _ TviTmkvlelobaSi daxmarebaa.62
Tuki eqimi pacients marto ar tovebs da mis mier ineqciis
gakeTebas eswreba, amiT igi pacientis mier sicocxlis dasrulebis
procesis warmmarTveli ar gaxdeba, vinaidan eqimi aRniSnuli
procesis mxolod da mxolod pasiuri damswre xdeba (iseve,
rogorc SesaZloa gaxdes avadmyofis ojaxis wevri) da sicocxlis
dasrulebis procesSi monawileobas ar iRebs. am SemTxvevaSi eqimi
gvevlineba rogorc avadmyofis mier sakuTari sicocxlis
dasrulebis pasiuri damswre.
,,TviTmkvleloba eqimis daxmarebiT SeiZleba ganvsazRvroT,
rogorc eqimis mier ganxorcielebuli qmedeba, romelic
uzrunvelyofs pacientis sikvdils“.63
aqtiuri evTanaziis sam saxes gamoyofen:
1- mkvlelobas TanagrZnobis gamo;
2- nebayoflobiT aqtiur evTanazas;
3- TviTmkvlelobas eqimis daxmarebiT.
pirvel SemTxvevaSi sicocxle, romelic pacientisaTvis
tanjvas warmoadgens, ase Tu ise wydeba meore adamianis, mag: eqimis
mier, amasTan ara aqvs mniSvneloba, es keTdeba Tu ara gatanjuli
pacientis TanxmobiT (roca pacienti ugonodaa). meore da mesame
SemTxvevaSi piriqiT, saxezea pacientis Tanxmoba, eqimi avadmyofs
xelSi gadascems saSualebas, an awvdis informacias sicocxlis
momswrafveli preparatebis Sesaxeb, rac mas daexmareba Tavis
mokvlaSi.64 ,,gansxvaveba evTanaziis am or formas Soris imaSi
mdgomareobs, rom meore SemTxvevaSi eqimi avadmyofis TxovniT
ukeTebs mas sasikvdilo ineqcias, maSin roca mesame SemTxvevaSi,
eqimi avadmyofs xelSi gadascems saSualebas, romelic mas
daexmareba Tavis mokvlaSi. aseTi saqmianobiT farTodaa cnobili
somxuri warmoSobis amerikeli eqimi jek gevorqiani _ „eqimi
60
ix. mWedliSvili-hedrixi q., sisxlis samarTali, zogadi nawili II, danaSaulis
gamovlinebis calkeuli formebi, gamomc. meridiani, Tb., 2011, 294-295.
61
sayvareliZe f., dasax. statia, 32.
62
63
www.pregnantpause.org/euth/compass.htm/Compassionate Death/ Posted 6 Sep 2000/Copyright 1998
by Dayton Right to Life, 14.08.2011.
64
ix. mamulaSvili b., bioeTika, saxelmZRvanelo umaRlesi saswavleblis
22
sikvdili“, romelmac am qveynidan bevri pacienti gaistumra swored
aseTi „gulmowyalebisa da humanuri mosazrebis“ gamo“.65
pasiuri evTanaziis problemasTan dakavSirebiT ganasxvaveben
disTanaziisa da orToTonaziis cnebebs. disTanaziis cnebaSi
igulisxmeba eqimis mier avadmyofis sicocxlis SemanarCunebeli
ZviradRirebuli saSualebebis SezRudva maSin, roca misi
avadmyofoba ganukurneblad iTvleba, xolo orToTonazia ewodeba
sicocxlis SesanarCuneblad saWiro zomebis (kerZod,
ZviradRirebuli saSualebebis) Sewyvetas, an mkurnalobis
ardawyebas, romelic iwvevs avadmyofis bunebriv sikvdils.66
disTanazia da orToTonazia ar gulisxmobs tkivilgamayuCebeli
preparatebis Sewyvetas, am dros xdeba mxolod avadmyofis
sicocxlis SemanarCunebeli ZviradRirebuli saSualebebis
SezRudva-Sewyveta, am saSualebebis dazogvis mizniT.
disTanazia da orToTonazia gansxvavdeba pasiuri
evTanaziisgan, vinaidan pasiuri evTanaziis dros xdeba
mkurnalobis mTlianad Sewyveta (magram aqac, rogorc wesi, ar
xdeba tkivilgamayuCebeli wamlebis Sewyveta), rac droTa
ganmavlobaSi avadmyofis gardacvalebas iwvevs, disTanazia da
orToTonazia ki pacients uzRudavs an uwyvets mxolod da
mxolod sicocxlis SemanarCunebel ZviradRirebul saSualebebs,
rac TavisTavad ar gulisxmobs, pacientis mkurnalobis
gagrZelebis Sewyvetas, mkurnaloba grZeldeba, magram ara
ZviradRirebuli, aramed mxolod iafi wamlebis gamoyenebiT.
eqimTa nawili orToTonazias, rodesac amowurulia yvela
reaminaciuli saSualeba da eqimi yvelanairad cdilobs avadmyofs
Seumsubuqos tanjva, gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi, humanur aqtad
Tvlis.67
,,miuxedavad imisa, rom orive SemTxvevaSi Careva sibralulis
motiviT xorcieldeba da miznad sikvdilis daCqarebas isaxavs,
gansxvavebuli obieqturi mxarisa da sikvdilis, an sakuTriv misi
daCqarebis faqtTan gansxvavebuli intensiurobis mqone mizezobrivi
kavSiris gamo, maTi marTlzomiereba gansxvavebulad fasdeba.
pasiuri evTanazia, ZiriTadad, ar ganixileba aramarTlzomier
aqtad, maSin, rodesac aqtiuri evTanazia mTel msoflioSi, iSviaTi
gamonaklisis garda, kanoniT aris akrZaluli“.68
aqtiuri evTanaziis dros, wamlis sasikvdilo dozis
avadmyofis venaSi Seyvana pirdapir mizezobriv kavSirSia
avadmyofis sikvdilTan, romelic am aqtidan Zalian mokle
periodSi dgeba da sikvdilos realurad iwvevs ara ukurnebeli
seni, aramed eqimis mier gakeTebuli preparatis Warbi doza.
65
66
ix. tatulaSvili l., dasax. statia, 66.
67
ix. iqve, 66.
68gociriZe e., statia, sicocxlis dasawyisi da dasasruli: fetusisa da
23
pasiuri evTanaziis dros ki xdeba mkurnalobis Sewyveta, romelic
avtomaturad ar iwvevs avadmyofis umal sikvdils, avadmyofoba
bunebriv ganviTarebazea miSvebuli da sikvdilic bunebrivad dgeba.
,,adamianTa mokvdinebis am specifikur kategoriaSi
,,aRmasrulebelTa” saxiT gamoyofili sxvadasxva jgufis subieqtTa
mixedviT, erTmaneTisgan ganasxvaveben medikur da aramedikur
evTanazias. medikuri evTanazia gulisxmobs mdgomareobas, rodesac
mokvdineba xdeba samedicino personalis (mag: eqimis, ferSalis)
mier. aramedikuri evTanazia gulisxmobs iseT mdgomareobas,
rodesac evTanaziis ganmaxorcielebeli subieqtis rolSi gamodis
arasaTanado specialobis piri“,69 mag: iuristi, pedagogi,
sportsmeni da a.S., Tumca axorcielebs igive qmedebas, rasac eqimi.
rogorc evTanaziis mravalsaukunovani praqtika gviCvenebs,
adamianTa mokvdineba xorcieldeboda da samwuxarod dResac
xorcieldeba sxvadasxva saSualebebis gamoyenebiT. amis mixedviT,
erTmaneTisgan ganasxvaveben medikametozur da aramedikametozur
evTanazias.
medikamentozuri evTanazia sicocxlis moswrafebisTvis
farmakologiuri an sxva samecniero saSulebebis gamoyenebas da
mis gamouyeneblobasac gulisxmobs (mag: venaSi sasikvdilo
ineqciis Seyvana, filtvebis savintilacio aparatis gamorTviT da
a.S.), aramedikamentozuri evTanaziis dros, sikvdili dgeba
arasamedicino saSualebis gamoyenebiT (mag: iaraRis gamoyenebiT).70
samedicino praqtikaSi evTanaziis sxvadasxva saxis
erTmaneTisgan ganmasxvavebel erTaderT safuZvels eqimis qmedebis
xasiaTi warmoadgens:
 aqtiuri evTanazia
 pasiuri evTanazia
 TviTSTagonebuli evTanazia
aqtiuri evTanaziis dros, eqims pacientis sxeulSi Sehyavs
preparatis letaluri doza, rac avadmyofis sikvdils aCqarebs.
pasiuri, anu negatiuri evTanazia aris maSin, roca eqimi wyvets
mkurnalobas misi uSedegobis gamo, anu igi aris umoqmedod.
ganasxvaveben pirdapir da arapirdapir evTanazias. pirdapiri
evTanazia saxezea, roca eqims gaaCnia pacientis sicocxlis
dasrulebis ganzraxva. arapirdapiria evTanazia, roca pacientis
sikvdili Cqardeba eqimis moqmedebiT, romelic mimarTuli iyo ara
evTanaziis, aramed sxva miznisken, kerZod, tkivilis gayuCebisaken.
aseT dros, rogorc wesi, adgili aqvs tkivilgamayuCebeli
saSualebis dozis gazrdas, rasac Sedegad pacientis gardacvaleba
mohyveba.71
arsebobs TviTSTagonebuli evTanazia, rac avadmyofis
nebisagan damoukideblad xorcieldeba. dadasturebulia, rom 40%
mokvdinebis SemTxvevebisa, dgeba TviT medikosebis
gadawyvetilebiT. maSin roca ,,evTanazias safuZvlad pacientis
69
70
ix. iqve, 65.
71
ix. Романовский Г. Б., Право на жизнь и эвтаназия, Гносеология право на жизнь, 2003, 103.
24
Segnebuli, nebayoflobiTi, gacxadebuli Tanxmoba udevs”.
TviTSTagonebuli evTanaziis klasikur magaliTs warmoadgens eqimi
jon krais SemTxveva, romelmac samuSaos damTavrebis Semdeg im
motiviT, rom 81 wlis momakvdav megobars verafriT exmareboda,
medicinis das dautova sami dozis momakvdinebeli saineqcio
saSualeba. ramdenime saaTis Semdeg momakvdavma samudamod
,,moisvena”, magram rodesac cnobili gaxda, Tu rogor gardaicvala
avadmyofi, eqimi daapatimres, Tumca veRar gaasamarTles, vinaidan
man Tavi moikla.72 aseT dros evTanaziis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebas
iRebs Tavad medicinis muSaki da ara pacienti.
1.3. evTanaziis legalurad aRiarebuli sistemebi
msoflioSi evTanaziis mimarT damokidebulebis TvalsazrisiT

legalurad arsebobs sami sistema:
1) Ppirvel jgufs Seadgenen qveynebi, romelTa kanonmdebloba
arad agdebs evTanazias imgvarad, rom mkvleli, romelic moqmedebs
TxovniT an gulmowyale mizniT, iTvleba Cveulebriv mkvlelad.
aseT qveyanaTa jgufs ganekuTvneba, magaliTad, safrangeTi,
inglisi da ruseTi.
franguli kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, aranairi gansxvaveba ar
aris Cveulebriv mkvlelsa (romelic ganzrax Cadis am danaSauls)
da evTanaziis ganxorcielebis subieqts Soris (romelic ganzrax
da Segnebulad Cadis qmedebas, magram misi mizani pirvelisgan
Zalian gansxvavebulia). Tuki mkvlelis msxverpli SeiZleba iyos
rogorc avadmyofi, ise sruliad janmrTeli adamiani, evTanaziis
dros qmedebis msxverpi yovelTvis avadmyofia, romelic ganicdis
autanel fizikur tkivilebs.73
2) rigi qveynebis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi
gaTvaliswinebulia evTanaziis CadenisaTvis Semamsubuqebeli
sasjelebi. aseT qveyanaTa jgufs ganekuTvneba: germania (sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis 216-e paragrafi), avstria (sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis 77-e muxli), sadac msgavsi danaSaulisTvis
gaTvaliswinebuli iyo samudamo patimroba, xolo dResdReobiT ki
gaTvaliswinebulia 5 wliani patimroba, Sveicaria (sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis 114-e muxli), sadac samudamo patimroba 3
wlianma patimrobam Secvala, portugalia (sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis 134-e muxli), sadac 20 wliani patimroba _ 3 wlianiT
72
ix. tatulaSvili l., statia, mkvleloba msxverplis TxovniT (muxli 110-e)
73
ix. pradeli J., SedarebiTi sisxlis samarTali, mokle kursi, niniZe T. (red.),
Tb., 1999, 128.
25
Seicvala74 da saqarTvelo (sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 110-e
muxli).
TandaTan msoflio sazogadoeba da masTan erTad sisxlis
samarTlis kanonmdebloba ufro nakleb borotebas xedavs
evTanaziaSi, vidre es iyo adre, zogma qveyanam XX saukuneSi
evTanaziis dekriminalizaciac moaxdina, mag: holandia. mecnierTa
garkveuli kategoria evTanazias ganixilavs ara rogorc
danaSauls, aramed piriqiT, momakvdavis winaSe gaweul sikeTes,
romlis saSualebiTac mas aTavisufleben saSineli tkivilebisgan.
erTni amtkiceben, rom evTanazia danaSaulia, xolo meoreni
sapirispirod amtkiceben, rom ,,wynari aRsasruli“ Sveba da sikeTea
momakvdavisTvis.75
3) ,,mesame jgufs Seadgens qveynebi, romlebmac
kanonmdeblobiT moaxdines evTanaziis dekriminalizacia, mag: 1924
wlis Semdeg perus sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT aRar isjeba piri,
romelic ,,altruistuli“ motivebiT daexmara momakvdavs
sikvdilSi“.76
dRevandel msoflioSi evTanaziis problema mwvaved dgas.
zog qveyanaSi igi mTlianad aris akrZaluli, zogan danaSaulis
Semamasubuqebel garemoebadaa miCneuli, zogan ki igi aRiarebulia
mag: holandia, belgia.77 Pam qveynebSi miCneul iqna, rom eqimis
valdebulebas warmoadgens ara mxolod pacientis mkurnaloba,
aramed misi tanjvisagan gaTavisufleba maSin, roca igi sikvdils
iTxovs, ganukurneli senis gamo autaneli tkivilebiT itanjeba, da
medicinac uZluria am daavadebisa da tkivilis winaSe. maTTvis
evTanaziaze uaris Tqma arahumanur aqtad CaiTvala da
kanonmdebelma aRiara adamianis ufleba, iTxovos kanonieri
sikvdili sxvisi xeliT.
74
ix. pradeli J., SedarebiTi sisxlis samarTali, mokle kursi, niniZe T. (red.),
Tb., 1999, 128-129.
75
ix. mamulaSvili b.,Fstatia, fsiqosocialuri toqsinebi da suicidi, bioeTika,
Tb., 2009, 120.
76
pradeli J., dasax. naSromi, 128.
77
ix. iqve, 128.
26
1.4. sikvdili _ sicocxlis dasasruli Tu sicocxlis
nawili
evTanaziis, rogorc sicocxlesa da sikvdils Soris arCevanis

mTavari problema imis gaazrebaa, Tu ra aris sikvdili da ra aris
sicocxle, aris Tu ara sikvdili sicocxlis dasasruli, Tu
sruliad damoukidebeli movlena.
sikvdili Tematurad uSualodaa damokidebuli sicocxlis
definiciasTan. sikvdilis mniSvneloba, misi Sefaseba dadebiTad Tu
uaryofiTad, azrianad Tu uazrod, misi aRqma, rogorc raRac
aucilebeli da savalalo Tu nebayoflobiTi da sasurveli,
SeiZleba ganisazRvros mxolod adamianis sicocxlesTan
damokidebulebiT. mocemul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT bevri
mniSvnelovani kiTxva Cndeba, mag: rogor gvesmis adamianis
sicocxle? vxedavT Tu ara sicocxleSi Tandayolil azrs, Tu
Tavad vZenT Cvens cxovrebas Cvenive sulieri Tvalsawieris
Sesabamisad mniSvnelobas? aris Tu ara sikvdili sicocxlis
Seuracxyofa Tu piriqiT? SeiZleba sikvdili aRqmul iqnas rogorc
gamosavali, Rirsebadakarguli mdgomareobidan? da sxv.78
,,sikvdili araa ubralod biologiuri cxovrebis Sewyveta,
sikvdilis azri unda veZioT ara mxolod religiur warmodgenebSi,
rogorc xorcieli samyarodan uxilav sameufoSi gadasvlis
processa Tu momentSi, aramed sikvdilis Tema aseve damokidebulia
imaze, Tu rogor gvesmis Rirsebis sakiTxi, ra aris adamianis
Rirseba, ra aris Rirseuli cxovreba da ra kavSirSia Rirseba
sikvdilTan. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom momakvdavi TviT ugono
mdgomareobaSic, uRrmes komaSic ki sulier procesebs gadis, rac
Zalian mniSvnelovania am pirovnebisTvis da am procesis
Zaladobriv Sewyvetas dauSveblad miiCneven”.79
,,zogadad sikvdilis definicia aseTia _ individi, romelSic
aRiniSneba Seuqcevadi procesi gulis, sisxlis mimoqcevis da
sunTqvis funqciis an tvinis funqciis moSlisa, aris mkvdari”.80
,,arc Tu didi xnis win guliscema iTvleboda sicocxlis
niSnad. Tanamedrove samedicino teqnologiis ganviTarebam
SesaZlebeli gaxada adamianis gacocxleba gulis an sunTqvis
gaCerebis SemTxvevebSi. Aaseve SesaZlebelia, rom tvinis Seuqcevadi
dazianebis SemTxvevaSi, sxva organoebi ganagrZobdnen
funqcionirebas”. 81
,,tradiciulad sikvdili ganisazRvreboda sunTqvisa da
sisxlis mimoqcevis Seuqcevadad gaCerebiT. gansaxilvel
problemaTa upiratesoba biomedicinis sferoSi momxdari
sameciero-teqnikuri progresis Sedegia. Tanamedrove medicinas
gaaCnia mZlavri saSualebebi xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi
78
ix. turabeliZe n., statia, evTanazia, bioeTika, gamomc. saqarTvelos
religiaTmcodneobaTa kavSiris biblioTeka, Tb., 2009, 51.
79
iqve, 51.
80
iqve, 51.
81
iqve, 51.
27
sicocxle SeunarCunos im pacients, romlis organizms samudamod
aqvs dakarguli aseTi amocanis damoukideblad gadawyvetis unari.
kerZod, medicinas SeuZlia ~daexmaros~ sunTqvisa da sisxlis
mimoqcevis procesebs, aseve moamaragos organizmi sakvebiTa da
wyliT, sicocxlis xelSemwyobi xelovnuri saSualebebis
wyalobiT, magaliTad - xelovnuri sisxlis mimoqcevisa da
filtvebis xelovnuri ventilaciis aparatebiT”.82
aRniSnulis gamo saWiro xdeba sicocxlisa da sikvdilis
axali definiciis dadgena. samedicino mecnierebis dargSi am
sakiTxze Sexedulebas savaraudod klasikuri saswavlo wignidan
komis Semdegi gansazRvreba warmogvidgens: ,,Tanxmoba, rom tvini da
adamiani erTi da igivea, mniSvnelovnad wyvets eTikur konfliqts,
romelic Cveulebriv adamianis Rirsebis mimarT sayovelTao
pativiscemidan gamomdinareobs”. am warmodgenas mivyavarT
rwmenamde, rom tvinis funqcionirebis gareSe arc suli arsebobs
da Sedegad personaluri cxovrebac SeuZlebeli xdeba. es
SavTeTri suraTi, romelic adamianis da tvinis gaigivebidan
warmoiSva, diskusiis sagani gaxda tvinis dazianebis gamo
vegetatiur mdgomareobaSi myofi adamianebis nevropaTologiuri
gamokvlevebis Suqze. am gamokvlevebma aCvena, rom Tavis tvinis
qerqis dazianebas xandaxan ar SeuZlia damakmayofileblad axsnas
pacientis ,,usulo qmedeba” sikvdilamde cota xniT adre. tvinis
sikvdili niSnavs mTeli tvinis totalur sikvdils, rodesac
nekrozdeba mTlianad Tavis tvini da zurgis tvini kisris pirveli
segmentis doneze. aseT SemTxvevaSi xdeba xelovnurad, aparaturis
meSveobiT filtvebis ventilacia da gulis cemis SenarCuneba da
pacients ,,gul-filtvis preparats” uwodeben.83
tvinis sikvdilis qveS moiazreba absoluturi arefleqsia,
gugebis reaqciis gaqroba, sunTqvis gaCereba, motoruli funqciis
arqona, arakontaqturoba. adamianis vegetatiuri mdgomareobis
umetesoba ki gamowveulia tvinis nawilis dazianebiT, roca mogrZo
tvini, mniSvnelovani centri, romelic zurgis tvins ukavSirdeba,
ar aris an mciredaa dazianebuli. am dros primitiuli refleqsebi
Senaxulia, sunTqva, Zil-RviZilis ritmi da sakvebis miRebis unari
SenarCunebulia, magram adamians dakarguli aqvT azrovnebis,
metyvelebis, gaxsenebis da sakuTari Tavis da garemos aRqmis unari
(dekortikacia). aseT mdgomareobaSi adamiani SeiZleba wlebi iyos.
am dros avadmyofs SenarCunebuli aqvs primitiuli refleqsebi:
mTqnareba, uazro grimasireba. am mdgomareobaSi avadmyofis
moqmedeba, qceva mniSvnelobis armqoned aris miCneuli
sayovelTaod. amitom ar aris gasakviri, rom bioeTikosebis,
filosofosebis da eqimebis nawili miiCnevs, rom sikvdilis
definicia unda gafarTovdes da masSi vegetatiuri mdgomareobac
unda Sevides. Tu es definicia iqneba miRebuli, bevri avadmyofi
ver daasrulebs Sinagan process, vinaidan vegetatiur
mdgomareobaSi suli da tvini erTi da igive ar aris. komaSi myof
82
mamulaSvili b., bioeTika, gamomc. universali, Tb., 2007, 132.
83
ix. turabeliZe n., statia, evTanazia, bioeTika, gamomc. saqarTvelos
religiaTmcodneobaTa kavSiris biblioTeka, Tb., 2009, 51-52.
28
adamianebTan muSaobam aCvena, rom tvinis mZime dazianebisas
cnobiereba metad aris gamoxatuli, vidre es aqamde iyo miCneuli.
fsiqologi, romelic wlebis ganmavlobaSi muSaobda komaSi myof
avadmyofebTan, aRniSnavs, rom avadmyofTa umravlesoba, tvinis
umZimesi organuli dazianebis mqone pacientTa gamoklebiT,
gamodian komidan da TavianT mZafr gamocdilebas gadmoscemen
verbalurad, xolo zogierTi pacienti, romelsac verbaluri
gadmocema ar SeuZlia, amas emociiT da mimikiT gamoxataven.84
fsiqolog arlond mindels Tavis wignSi ,,koma-gasaRebi
gamofxizlebisaTvis” aRwerili aqvs momakvdav avadmyofTan
muSaobis aseTi SemTxveva: 80 wlis moxuci 6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi
imyofeboda ugono mdgomareobaSi, mxolod uazrod yviroda da
daunawevrebel bgerebs gamoscemda, riTac sxva avadmyofebs
awuxebda. Mmas TiTqosda sikvdili ar SeeZlo. Ffsiqologma masTan
muSaoba daiwyo da Seecada, kontaqti daemyarebina avadmyofTan.
muSaobis Sedegad moxucis sityvebi gasagebi gaxda (am saubris
audio Canaweri arsebobs). moxucma fsiqologs uTxra, rom xedavda
gems, romelic mas eloda, is ki ver wyvetda, wayoloda Tu ara.
fsiqologis SekiTxvaze, vin arian gemze, pacientma upasuxa:
angelozebi. mocemul SemTxvevaSi fsiqologis muSaoba
mdgomareobda imaSi, rom daxmareboda am adamians mieRo
gadawyvetileba, rasac Tavisi daumTavrebeli sulieri procesebis
gamo, ver axerxebda. muSaobis damTavrebisas avadmyofi dawynarda
da cota xanSi gardaicvala.85
,,aqedan gamomdinare, SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom cnobiereba
SesaZlebelia, vidre sxeuli cocxalia. am daskvnas mivyavarT
momakvdavTa eTikasTan, momakvdavis filosofiasa da paradigmasTan:
1. aucilebelia Secvlili cnobierebis mqone adamianebTan
muSaobis meTodebis gaumjobeseba maTTvis daxmarebis
gawevisaTvis;
2. am adamianebs unda miecaT saSualeba, Tavad gaakeTon
arCevani sikvdilsa da sicocxles Soris. Tuki adamians
cnobiereba gaaCnia, an verbalurad, an emociurad, an
mimikiT ZaluZs, garSemomyofT gaagebinos sakuTari
survilis Sesaxeb”. 86
,,sikvdilis drois dadgenis prerogativa individs unda
daubrundes. es ar SeiZleba imaT xelSi iyos, vinc saavadmyofos
xarjebis gadaxdiT arian damZimebuli, an visac unari ar Seswevs,
aseT avadmyofTan komunikaciisa”.87
,,sicocxlis da sikvdilis dadgena yovel momentSi individis
mier xdeba. iulius koreini, niu-orkis universitetis medicinis
fakultetis nevrologiis profesori ambobda: ,,ar arsebobs
sikvdilis momenti, es mxolod iuridiuli konstruqciaa... aviRoT,
magaliTad, gulis gaCereba, guli Cerdeba da eqims ar esmis
guliscema. esaa sikvdilis momenti? samedicino kvlevebiT gulis
84
ix. turabeliZe n., dasax. statia, 52-53.
85
ix. iqve, 53.
86
iqve, 53.
87
iqve, 53.
29
gaCerebidan 40 wuTis merec xdeba eleqtruli aqtivobis
dafiqsireba. sikvdilis momenti fiqciaa”.88
dRes, rogorc arasdros manamde, zrunaven momakvdav
avadmyofebze hospisebSi, saavadmyofoebSi da saxlebSi siyvaruliT,
meditaciiT da locviT, uweven fsiqologiur daxmarebas.
miuxedavad amisa, gvisxlteba erTi nawili maTi uRrmesi Sinagani
SegrZnebisa. yoveli Cvengani, visac momakvdavebTan aqvs saqme,
iRwvis imdens, ramdenic SeuZlia, magram es mxolod saqmis
dasawyisia.89
sazogadoebas unda axsovdes, rom Secvlili cnobierebis
mdgomareobaSi myof adamianebs daxmareba esaWiroebaT, raTa
TavianTi maradiuli yofnis ganxorcieleba SeZlon. maT
esaWiroebaT Zalze guliTadi komunikacia. bevrisaTvis aseTi
daxmareba ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre siyvaruliT savse
mzrunveloba. am daxmarebis gareSe daikargeboda Zalze
mniSvnelovani momenti, rodesac suli, rogorc adidebuli mdinare,
Tavis gzaze aRelvebul zRvas uerTdeba.
,,Tanamedrove medicinas aqvs mZlavri saSualebebi, rom
xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi sicocxle SeunarCunos im
pacients, romlis organizms samudamod dakarguli aqvs aseTi
amocanis damoukideblad gadawyvetis unari. ibadeba kiTxva:
ramdenadaa moralurad gamarTlebuli aseTi pacientebis
sicocxlis SenarCunebis praqtika, kerZod, saWiroa Tu ara
vecadoT, gavuxangrZlivoT pacients sicocxle im SemTxvevaSi,
rodesac:
 misi cnobiereba Seuqcevadad dakargulia;
 kvdeba ra, igi ganicdis saSinel fizikur tanjvas da
eqmimebi iZulebuli arian, yovelgvari saSualebiT
SeinarCunon misi TiTqmis ugono mdgomareoba;
 pacienti axalSobilia, misi organizmis anatomiuri
defeqtebi totaluri da mouSorebelia“.90
zrdasrul pirTa da ganviTarebis seriozuli defeqtebiT
dabadebul axalSobilTa evTanaziis sakiTxis kompetenturi
ganxilva SeuZlebelia, Tu winaswar ar moxerxda ,,sikvdilis
cnebis“ da misi kriteriumis gansazRvra, evTanaziis samedicino
praqtikaSi SemoRebis eTikuri da iuridiuli safuZvlebis
garkveva.91
sikvdilis cnebis axleburi gansazRvris mizniT, saWiroa
ganxorcieldes ori kategoriis pacientis mdgomareobis
gaanalizeba:
 pirveli _ es aris avadmyofi, romlis tvins (qerqsa da
Reros) mTlianad Seuqcevadad aqvs dakarguli funqciuri aqtivoba,
pacienti permanentul komatozur (ugono) mdgomareobaSia, misi
88
turabeliZe n., dasax. statia, 53.
89
ix. iqve, 54.
90
mamulaSvili b.,Fstatia, fsiqosocialuri toqsinebi da suicidi, bioeTika, Tb.,
2009, 20-21.
91
ix. iqve, 21-22.
30
sunTqva da sisxlis mimoqceva mxolod da mxolod saTanado
aparaturis saSualebiT aris SenarCunebuli. pacientis amgvar
mdgomareobas, Cveulebriv, ,,tvinis mier sikvdils” uwodeben.
 meore _ pacientis tvinis Reroebi (magram ara qerqi)
inarCunebs funqciur aqtivobas, ris Sedegad sunTqva da gulis
moqmedeba SenarCunebulia, xolo cnobiereba dakargulia da misi
aRdgena SeuZlebelia. amgvar avadmyofs SeuZlia didi xnis
ganmavlobaSi darCes aseT mdgomareobaSi (iyos sicocxlisa da
sikvdilis zRvarze).92
,,istoriam mravali magaliTi icis, rodesac TiTqos mkvdari
adamiani ,,gacocxlebula”, maTgan yvelaze cnobilia poet
petrarkas SemTxveva, romelic sakuTar gasvenebamde ramdenime
saaTiT adre kubodan wamodga da Semdeg 30 weliwadi icocxla;
aseve sainteresoa XX saukuneSi momxdari faqti, roca niu iorkis
sacxedreSi 1964 wels gakveTis dawyebisas ,,gvami” gons movida da
yelSi swvda paTanatoms, romelsac iqve guli gauskda da
gardaicvala“.93
,,XX saukunis damdegs ingliselma mecnierebma
ganxorcielebuli kvlevis Sedegad gamoitanes daskvna, rom
inglisSi yovelwliurad cocxlad daaxloebiT 2,5 aTas kacs
marxaven, amis miuxedavad, mxolod 60-iani wlebis damlevs Seiqmna
londonSi pirveli aparati, romelic gulis sust eleqtronul
aqtivobas afiqsirebda. pirvelive gamocdis dros, sacxedreSi
moTavsebul gvamebs Soris aRmoCnda ,,cocxali” qaliSvili“.94
faqtia, rom arsebobs sikvdilis dadgomis sxvadasxva faza da
sruliad SesaZlebelia mkvdrad Seracxuli adamiani sulac ar
iyos gardacvlili. amiT pasuxi gaeca Semdeg kiTxvebs _ SeiZleba
Tu ara, ugono mdgomareobaSi myofi pacienti CaiTvalos cocxlad?
moraluri TvalsazrisiT dasaSvebia Tu ara ugonoTa sasicocxlo
Terapiis Sewyveta?
vinaidan arsebobs sul mcire SesaZleblobac imisa, rom
ugonod myofi avadmyofi mobrundes da sicocxle ganagrZos, Tuki
ar iqneba misi winaswari Tanxmoba, miuReblad mimaCnia misTvis
samkurnalo Terapiis Sewyveta mxolod im mizeziT, rom eqimebs an
ojaxis wevrebs mobezrdaT avadmyofis stabilurad unugeSo
mdgomareobis yureba.
zogierTi daavadeba, sicocxlesTan SeuTavsebeli travmebi
adamians autanel tanjvas hgvris, medicina ki ganviTarebis
Tanamedrove doneze zogjer ara marto uZluria, mTlianad
gankurnos adamiani, aramed misi xsna tkivilisaganac ki ar SeuZlia.
sikvdilis Tema gansazRvrulia filosofiaSi, medicinasa da
samarTalSi: medicina yovelTvis koncentrirebuli iyo sikvdilis
empiriul mxareze, filosofia eZebda mis arss, samarTali ki
sazRvravda damdgari sikvdilis iuridiul Sedegebs. eTika,
92
Tb., 2009, 22-25.
93
iqve, 25.
94
iqve, 25.
31
morali, filosofia, religia da samarTali erTiandeba, roca
koncentrireba xdeba evTanaziis problemaze.
evTanaziis momxreebi aigiveben mas gagebasTan – `sasiamovno,
martivi sikvdili”, mowinaaRmdegeebi – mkvlelobasTan. bunebisagan
CvenTvis moniWebuli ufleba sicocxlisa, rogorc Cans,
gadajaWvulia sikvdilis uflebasTan. evTanaziis momxreebi
amtkiceben, rom kanoni sruliad gaumarTleblad ar iTvaliswinebs
adamianis uflebas sikvdilze, maSin, rodesac sicocxlis ufleba
xelSeuxeblad xorcieldeba. ratom iTvleba gulmowyalebad
tanjvis Semsubuqeba adamianis amqveynad movlenis dros da
sawinaaRmdegod am qveynidan wasvlisas? anda ratom miiCneva
codvad da sisastiked sikvdilis xelovnurad moaxloeba
gaxangrZlivebuli autaneli tkivilisagan gasaTavisufleblad?95
sakiTxisadmi msgavsi midgoma arasworia, vinaidan rogorc
dauSvebelia mSobiarobis procesis xelovnurad daCqareba (garda
gamonaklisi SemTxvevisa), aseve dauSvebelia gardacvalebis
bunebrivi procesis daCqareba sxva piris mier, Tundac avadmyofis
daJinebuli TxovniT.
evTanaziis problemis masStaburi gaazrebisaTvis albaT
saWiroa adamianma gaarkvios sikvdilisadmi Tavisi
damokidebuleba.96
yovel adamians sikvdilTan damokidebulebis sakuTari
pozicia unda hqondes, daaxloebiT iseTi, romelsac aRmosavlurs
uwodeben. gamoCenili monRoli mwerali, lingvisti da filofosi,
akademikosi rinCeli werda, rom adamianma sicocxle unda
warmoidginos rogorc gza, romelsac aqvs dasawyisi da
dasasruli. maSin misi azrovneba iqiTken iqneba mipyrobili, Tu
rogor unda gaiaros es gza. swored aseTi midgomiT bevri
problema, romelic dasavleTSi Zalian garTulebulia da zogjer
paTologiuri gadaxris formiTac ki vlindeba, ubralod
gadawydeba. zneoba unda gvkarnaxobdes cxovrebis gzis arCevas,
sikeTis Tesvis aucileblobas, miuxedavad imisa, Tu ramden xans
gastans igi. imis gaTaviseba da gaazreba, rom sikvdili
gardauvalia, migvaniSnebs, rom mis mosvlas sruli sulieri
simSvidiT unda SevxvdeT. rodesac am azrebis avtors kibos
diagnozi dausves da amis Sesaxeb piradad moaxsenes, saqme exeba
Sors wasul SemTxvevas da araviTari gamosavali ar arsebobs, mas
sapasuxo werilSi arc erTi sityva ar dauweria misi amqveynidan
moulodneli wasvlis tragikulobis Sesaxeb da mTeli werili
nacionalur damwerlobaze mosazrebebs miuZRvna. morwmune
adamianebisaTvis amis gaazreba ufro advilia. maT imqveyniuri
cxovrebisa swamT. Tumca arseboben Zlieri adamianebi, romlebic
religiurebi ar arian, magram sikvdils, rogorc gardauval
95
ix. WeliZe q., statia, vis awyobs evTanazia,
www.ambioni.ge/?s=evTanazia, 06.01.2010.
96
Tb., 2009, 14.
32
fenomens, ise aRiqvamen da radgan sikvdilis vadebi Seucnobelia,
cxovreba mudam maRalzneobrivi unda iyos.97
evTanaziis problemis ganxilva adasturebs samedicino
eTikis filosofiur-aqsiologiur, anTropologiur xasiaTs,
radgan evTanazia exeba adamianis, rogorc Sesamecnebeli obieqtis,
Sinagan bunebas.98
,,arsebobs kidev erTi aspeqti, romelzec aravin laparakobs.
ramdenad moraluria evTanaziaze msjeloba da mis daSvebasa Tu
akrZalvaze kamaTi maSin, rodesac msoflioSi uamravi adamiani
ixoceba SimSiliT; rodesac indoeTSi arsebobs kasta ,,slami”,
romlis wevrebsac adamianebad arc ki Tvlian; rodesac uamravi
adamiani ufulobis gamo saerTod ver xvdeba saavadmyofoSi, an
rodesac gadaxdisuunaro pacients saxlSi uSveben _ msgavs
SemTxvevebSi evTanazia aravis axsendeba. swored amitom sakiTxi
globalur midgomas saWiroebs, raTa mTeli sigrZe-siganiT iqnas
gaazrebuli, vin aris adamiani, rom nebismieri adamianis sicocxle
fasdaudebelia da yoveli adamianis sicocxlisaTvis unda
vibrZoloT bolomde, amave dros Tavad am adamians mivceT
saSualeba da Tavisufleba, ganaxorcielos Tavisi Tavi bolomde,
daavadeba miiRos ara borotebad, romelic mas stanjavs, aramed
sicocxlis fazis Semadgenel nawilad, romlis movlinebaSic
aravis brali ar miuZRvis da SesaZloa, TviT Secvlili
cnobierebis pirobebSic ki, avadmyofs aRmoaCndes sakuTari
sicocxlis mimarT sakmarisi pativiscemis unari, raTa Rirseulad
gauZlos mkacr realobas”.99
yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, adamians Tavad unda
hqondes saSualeba, Tavisi sulieri procesi ganaviTaros da Tavad
gaakeTos arCevani sicocxlesa da sikvdils Soris da miRebuli
gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis pasuxismgeblobac Tavad itvirTos
(TviTmkvlelobiT daasrulos sicocxle, Tu pasiuri evTanaziiT,
Tumca aramc da aramc sxva, Tundac eqimi ar daavaldebulos, mis
mimarT aqtiuri evTanazia ganaxorcielos), vinaidan sikvdili
amqveyniuri, fizikuri sicocxlis dasasrulia, romelic
sicocxles mudmivad, misi gaCenis momentidan axlavs Tan.
miuxedavad amisa, sikvdili sicocxlis wiaRSi sruliad
damoukidebel statuss inarCunebs da sicocxlis uflebis
sikvdilis uflebasTan gaigiveba dauSvebelia.
97
Tb., 2009, 14-15.
98
ix. iqve, 16.
99
turabeliZe n., dasax. statia, 55.
33
1.5. evTanazia da sicocxlis ufleba
sicocxlis uflebis farTo ganmarteba moicavs iseT

umniSvnelovanes problemas, rogoricaa evTanazia _ uimedo, mZime
avamdyofis ufleba, tanjvis Sewyvetis mizniT, daaCqaros sikvdili.
evTanazia erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani samarTlebrivi
problemaa msoflio qveynebis sisxlis samarTlisTvis da mravali
saukunea, rac mwvave dapirispirebis sagania. gansaxilveli
danaSaulis obieqtia momakvdavi adamianis sicocxle. sisxlis
samarTlis kanoni mkvlelobad miiCnevs, roca sicocxlis mospoba
xdeba rogorc dazaralebulis TanxmobiT, aseve misi nebis
sawinaaRmdegod.
,,sicocxlis ufleba ueWvelad yvelaze ZiriTadia uflebaTa
Soris. yvela danarCeni ufleba mxolod garkveul xarisxs aniWebs
sicocxles da Tavis moqmedebaSi damokidebulia TviT sicocxlis
arsebobaze. adamianis uflebaTa komiteti moixseniebs mas, rogorc
uzenaes uflebas, romlis gauqmebac dauSvebelia saxelmwifoSi
gansakuTrebuli mdgomareobis arsebobis SemTxvevaSic ki. im
adamianebisTvisac ki, romlebic davoben uflebaTa ierarqiis
Sesaxeb, sicocxlis ufleba udavod am ierarqiis pirvel
safexurze dgas; imaTTvisac ki, vinc qadagebs fundamenturobis
universalurobaze da, aqedan gamomdinare, ierarqiis arsebobaze,
sicocxlis ufleba sruliad gamorCeulia imis gaTvaliswinebiT,
rom am uflebis darRvevisas SeuZlebelia raime gamosasworebeli
saSualebis gamonaxva“.100
,,sicocxlis ufleba adamianis yvelaze mniSvnelovani
fundamenturi uflebaa, romlis xelyofac SeuZlebels xdis
nebismieri sxva uflebis ganxorcielebas”.101 saxelmwifo
valdebulia, sicocxlis ufleba daicvas rogorc sakuTari
Tavisgan, aseve kerZo pirTa mxridanac. sicocxlis uflebis
darRveva ar SeiZleba gamarTlebul iqnes arc sazogado
keTildReobis dacvis motiviT. sicocxlis ufleba TiToeuli
adamianis ganuyofeli uflebaa. am uflebas icavs kanoni.
danaSauls sicocxlis winaaRmdeg nebismieri qveynis sisxlis
samarTlis kanonmdebloba gansakuTrebul adgils uTmobs, radgan
sicocxlis ufleba, es aris is uzenaesi Rirebuleba, romelic
aRiarebulia yvelaze naklebad ganviTarebuli qveynebis
kanonmdeblobiTac ki.
miuxedavad imisa, rom adamianis uflebaTa evropuli
konvenciis me-2 muxli sicocxles uzenaes Rirebulebad acxadebs,
igi garantirebulad ar acxadebs adamianis sicocxlis upirobo
dacvas. ,,yoveli adamianis sicocxlis ufleba kanoniT unda iyos
daculi. aravis sicocxle ar SeiZleba ganzrax iyos xelyofili.
100
smiti r. k. m., adamianis saerTaSoriso uflebebi, saxelmZRvaneli, meore
gamocema, 2005, 291.
101
papuaSvili s., statia, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis meore
muxlidan gamomdinare pozitiuri valdebulebebis buneba, statiaTa krebuli,
adamianTa uflebaTa dacvis evropuli da erovnuli sistemebi, Tb., 2007, 127.
34
sicocxlis xelyofa dasaSvebia mxolod sasamarTlos mier
gamotanili sasikvdilo ganaCenis aRsrulebis Sedegad, iseTi
danaSaulis CadenisaTvis, romlisTvisac kanoni iTvaliswinebs am
sasjels“, Tumca saxelmwifos mxridan TviTneburi sikvdiliT
dasja akrZalulia. ,,TviTneburad sikvdiliT dasja warmoadgens
pirovnebis mkvlelobas saxelmwifos warmomadgenlis an sxva piris
mier, romelic xelisuflebis saxeliT an misi xelSewyobiT, an
TanxmobiT moqmedebs, magram yovelgvari sasamarTlo procesis an
saTanado sasamarTlo procedurebis gareSe. sasamarTlos mier
sasikvdilo ganaCenis sisruleSi moyvana aseve CaiTvleba
TviTneburad sikvdiliT dasjad, Tuki ar aris daculi
garantirebuli samarTliani sasamarTlos ufleba“. 102
,,sicocxlis xelyofad aseve ar CaiTvleba qmedeba, Tu is
Sedegad mohyva Zalis gamoyenebas, romelic absoluturma
aucileblobam gamoiwvia:
 nebismieri piris dasacavad aramarTlzomieri
Zaladobisagan;
 kanonieri dakavebisaTvis an kanonierad dapatimrebuli
piris gaqcevis aRsakveTad;
 kanonier RonisZiebaTa ganxorcielebisas ajanyebis an
amboxebis CasaxSobad”.103
zemoaRniSnuli mowmobs, rom sicocxle aRiarebulia uzenaes
Rirebulebad, Tumca igi ar warmoadgens absoluturad dacul
samarTlebriv sikeTes, vinaidan arsebobs garemoebebi, romelTa
arsebobac sicocxlis uflebis xelyofis gamarTlebis uflebas
iZleva.
Tanamedrove msoflio socialuri praqtika icnobs iseT
SemTxvevebs, roca uimedo mdgomareobaSi myofi avadmyofebi
TxovniT mimarTaven eqimebs an kerZo pirebs, raTa daaCqaron maTi
sikvdili. aseTi pacientebis rolSi gamodian is pirebi, romlebic
ganicdian autanel tanjvas _ invalidebi, Rrmad moxucebuli
avadmyofebi da sxva, romelTac ar SeuZliaT izrunon sakuTar
Tavze, agreTve is mSoblebi, romelTa bavSvebsac aqvT umZimesi
Tandayolili simaxinje da romelTa gamojanmrTelebac ar
moxdeba.
evTanazia mravali saukunea rac ganixileba, Tumca mainc ver
moxerxda saerTo mosazrebis Camoyalibeba. mRvdelTmsaxurTa
pozicia masTan dakavSirebiT calsaxaa, isini uaryofen evTanazias.
rac Seexeba eqimebs, iuristebs, pedagogebs, fsiqologebs,
filosofosebs, maTi azri icvleba cxovrebis realuri pirobebis
gaTvaliswinebiT. ase magaliTad, Rrmad moxucebulTa gamokiTxvam
uCvena, rom maTi mniSvnelovani nawili dasaSvebad miiCnevs da
mxars uWers evTanazias; zogierTi eqimi Tavis praqtikul
saqmianobaSi mimarTavs ra evTanazias, miiCnevs, rom es aris
marTzomieri moqmedeba. sakanonmdeblo wesiT es sakiTxi calsaxad
102
adamianis uflebaTa monitoringis saxelmZRvanelo, profesiuli momzadebis
publikaciaTa seria #7, vibliani e. (red.), gamomc. S.p.s. petiti, 2010, 49-50.
103
papuaSvili s., dasax. statia, 128-129.
35
ver wydeba. TviT holandiaSi, romelsac yvelaze ufro
liberaluri pozicia uWiravs evTanaziis mimarT, arsebobs wesi,
rom prokuraturam unda aRZras sisxlis samarTlis saqme im
eqimebis mimarT, romlebmac pacientebs sicocxlidan wasvlis
survili Seusrules da maT mier ganxorcielebul qmedebaSi saeWvo
viTarebas hqonda adgili, Tumca ar aris dakonkretebuli, Tu ra
igulisxmeba am saeWvo viTarebaSi. saeWvo viTareba yoveli
konkretuli SemTxvevis mixedviT ganisazRvreba, amdenad, gamodis,
rom faqtobrivad es sakiTxi praqtikazea mindobili. sisxlis
samarTlis saqmis aRZvrisa da eqimis mxridan evTanaziis
ganxorcielebis mizezebis Zireuli kvlevis mizani isaa, rom ar
dairRves kanonis moTxovnebi da momavalSi evTanaziam ufro farTo
gavrceleba ar hpovos.104
miuxedavad evTanaziisadmi kritikuli damokidebulebisa,
dRes msoflios qveynebis tendencia Semdegia _ saxezea misi
garkveuli dekriminalizacia. holandiasa da avstriaSi
kanonmdeblisaTvis sakmaod didi xnis sakamaTo sagnad iqca
aRniSnuli problema, am saxis mkvleloba 2003 wlamde iTvleboda
dasjad qmedebad, magram 2003 wels gauqmda masze yovelgvari
sasjeli. 105
,,meoce saukunis 90-ian wlebSi amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi
namdvili sensacia gamoiwvia eqim-paTologanatomis,
,,eqimi-sikvdili“-s metsaxeliT cnobil jek gevorqianis saqmianobam,
romelic Tavs evTnaziis mxurvale momxred acxadebda. 1989 wels
man Seqmna e.w. ,,TviTmkvlelobis manqana“, (Memercitron) _ sistema,
romelic sakuTar sisxlSi toqsikuri preparatebis Seyvanis
saSualebas aZlevs im pacientebs, romelTac ar SeeZloT, an ar
surdaT TviTmkvleloba raime sxva saxiT. misi ,,daxmarebiT“, 130
adamiani gamoesalma sicocxles. is oTxjer warsdga sasamarTlos
winaSe asistirebuli suicidis braldebiT, magram oTxivejer
gaamarTles, 1999 wlis martSi ki jek gevorqians bralad dasdes
pacientis mkvleloba, rodesac man sasikvdilo seniT daavadebul
adamians toqsikuri nivTierebis letaluri doza Seuyvana da Tan
sikvdilis aqti videofirze Caiwera. mas 25 wliT Tavisuflebis
aRkveTa miusajes“.106 eqimi sasamarTlo procesebze acxadebda, rom
eqimTa umravlesoba mas ara Tu kicxavda, aramed eTanxmeboda
kidec, vinaidan sikvdili ar aris danaSauli, amitom mas aravis
winaSe ar miuZRvis brali.107 gevorqiani 79 wlis iyo, roca cixidan
vadaze adre gaaTavisufles, Tumca mas azri arc maSin Seucvlia
da kvlav acxadebda _ ,,msofliom icis, rom me kriminali ar var.
religiam da dogmebma xalxs azrovnebis unari daakargvina“.108
104
ix. Two Decades of Research on Euthanasia from the Netherlands. What Have We Learnt and What
Questions Remain?,
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2733179, 28.04.2011.
105
ix. dauTaSvili p., saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTali, kerZo nawili, Tb., 2008, 31.
106
107
ix. www.finalexit.org/dr_jack_kevorkian.html/Dr. Jack Kevorkian Free At Last, 15.09.2011.
108
www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/j/jack_kevorkian.html, 19.09.2011.
36
evTanaziis winaaRmdeg gamodian msoflios qristianuli
konfesiebi da sicocxlis damcveli organizaciebi. rac Seexeba
iuristebs, maTi nawili ,,sibraluliT” mkvlelobas didi
undoblobiT ekideba, rameTu ,,sibraluliT” mkvleloba SeiZleba
gaxdes mravali borotebis SeniRbvis saSualeba, mag.: mSoblebis an
axloblebis mkvleloba memkvidreobis miRebis gamo. amasTan,
werilobiTi Tanxmoba ,,msubuq sikvdilze” araviTari Zalis mqone
ar aris, rameTu is SeiZleba xelidan iyos gamoglejili
avadmyofis gauazrebeli an Tundac gaazrebuli mdgomareobis
dros.
,,adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis
klasifikacia xdeba misi miznebidan gamomdinare da Sinaarsobrivi
kriteriumebis gaTvaliswinebiT. klasifikaciis yvelaze
gavrcelebul formas warmoadgens maTi dayofa pirad, politikur
da socialur jgufebad. Cveni ganxilvis sagani warmoadgens piradi
uflebebis erTerT ZiriTad elements _ sicocxles. Ppiradi
uflebebis jgufi, SeiZleba iTqvas mTeli sistemis safuZvels
warmoadgens. piradi uflebebiT piri aRWurvilia mxolod imitom,
rom igi daibada, swored, rom adamianis dabadebasTan aris
dakavSirebuli sicocxlis ufleba, vinaidan sicocxlis sawyisad
iTvleba misi dabadeba”.109
2005 wels evTanaziis winaaRmdeg gamovida evrosabWos
saparlamento asambleac. asambleis mier dagmobilia adamianis
sicocxlis moswrafeba, magram evropelma parlamentarebma imis
SiSic gamoTqves, rom akrZalvis miuxedavad, zogierT samedicino
dawesebulebaSi evTanazias mainc mimarTaven. rogorc Cans, Tavad
evropaSi am sakiTxis mimarT erTnairi azri arc eqimebs da arc
evropel parlamentarebs ar gaaCniaT. amis miuxedavad kanonproeqti
evTanaziis Sesaxeb momzadebis stadiaSia msoflios ramdenime
wamyvan qveyanaSi.110
,,gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis (gaero) generaluri
asambleis 1948 wlis 10 dekembris adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao
deklaraciis III muxlSi naTqvamia: ,,yovel adamians aqvs sicocxlis,
Tavisuflebisa da piradi xelSeuxeblobis ufleba”, e.i. sicocxlis
ufleba warmoadgens umniSvnelovanes uflebas, rameTu sicocxlis
gareSe, ver iarsebebs verc erTi sxva ufleba“.111
ismis kiTxva – ramdenad SesaZlebelia aqtiuri evTanaziis
daSveba maSin, roca adamianis sicocxlis dacva grZeldeba mis
biologiur gardacvalebamde? Tuki, erTi mxriv, medicinis,
saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebis mizani sicocxlis dacva, misi
gaxangrZliveba da xarisxis gaumjobesebaa, xolo meore mxriv,
adgili eqneba erTi adamianisTvis uflebis miniWebas, aqtiuri
qmedebiT daasrulos meore adamianis sicocxle da aRniSnuli
109
xobelia d., statia, sicocxlis ufleba, perioduli samecniero Jurnali
aRmaSenebeli, Tb., 2010, 38.
110
111
xobelia d., dasax. statia, 39.
37
kanonierad gamocxaddeba, miviRebT sicocxlis uflebis, rogorc
uzenaesi Rirebulebis dakninebas. ar SeiZleba sicocxle
erTdroulad iyos uzenaesi Rirebulebac da kanonieri xelyofis
obieqtic. swored sicocxlis uzenaesobidan da unacvalgebobidan
gamomdinare, ar SeiZleba mxari daeWiros aqtiuri evTanaziis
dakanonebas, radgan am dros adamianis biologiuri sicocxle jer
araa dasrulebuli.
,,1997 wels saqarTvelos parlamentma sabolood gaauqma
sikvdiliT dasja, riTac aRiara sicocxlis uflebis uzenaesoba
da misi xelyofis dauSvebloba. samarTlianobis principi ar
mdgomareobs e.w. ,,talionis principSi“ _ Tvali Tvalis wil, kbili
kbilis wil“, aramed is vlindeba sasjelis gardauvalobaSi.
sicocxlis ufleba adamianisaTvis damcav uflebas warmoadgens,
xolo saxelmwifosaTvis valdebulebaa, anu saxelmwifo
valdebulia daicvas adamianis sicocxle, amisaTvis ki zogjer
aucilebelia sxva adamianis sicocxlis xelyofa. aseT SemTvevebs
adgens adamianis uflebaTa dacvis konvencia, romlis mixedviTac,
rodesac adamianis sicocxlis win aseve adamianis sicocxle dgas,
saxelmwifom unda gadawyvitos, romeli sicocxlisaTvis ibrZvis
is. aseTi arCevnis gakeTeba unda moxdes mxolod ukidures
SemTxvevaSi da mxolod sazogadoebrivi keTildReobisaken unda
iyos mimarTuli, magaliTad, saxelmwifo xelyofs damnaSavis
sicocxles im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac misgan momdinareobs sxvisi
sicocxlis realuri safrTxe“.112
sicocxlis ufleba mravalferovania da sxvadasxva qveyanaSi
sxvadasxvagvaradaa warmodgenili, im qveynebSi sadac gauqmebulia
sikvdiliT dasja Tvlian, rom adamianis sicocxlis xelyofa
dauSvebelia TviT saxelmwifos mierac ki, miuxedavad imis, Tu ra
saxis danaSauli Caidina man. sicocxlis uflebis aRiareba da
dacva mimarTulia iqiTken, rom TiToeuli piris ufleba daculi
unda iyos saxelmwifos mier TviTneburi xelyofisagan.
Tavi 2. evTanaziis SedarebiT-samarTlebrivi daxasiaTeba
2.1. qveynebi, sadac kanoniT akrZalulia evTanazia
evTanaziis aqtualobis miuxedavad, jer kidev ar aris

Camoyalibebuli saerTo mosazreba evTanaziis
kriminalizacia_dekriminalizaciis Sesaxeb.Aar iqna miRweuli
SeTanxmeba imasTan dakavSirebiT, aqtiuri evTanazia danaSaulad
unda iqnas aRiarebuli Tu ara da ra sikeTis motana SeuZlia mis
dakanonebasa Tu kriminalizacias.
,,evTanaziis praqtika zog qveyanaSi farTodaa danergili da
waxalisebuli saxelmwifos mier, rig qveynebSi evTanaziis
112
xobelia d., dasax. statia, 39.
38
SesaZleblobis TiToeul SemTxvevas sasamarTlo ganixilavs da
gascems an ar gascems Sesabamis nebarTvas. bevr qveyanaSi igi
kanonmdeblobiTaa akrZaluli, zogan ki saerTod ar arsebobs am
sakiTxis momwesrigebeli sakanonmeblo baza”.113
rigi qveynebisa evTanazias danaSaulad acxadebs, zogierTma
qveyanam ki misi legalizeba moaxdina.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdebloba evTanazias
gaumarTleblad miiCnevs da dasjadad acxadebs, Tumca igi Tavisi
mizezis da miznis gaTvaliswinebiT, Semamsubuqebel garemoebadaa
miCneuli. saqarTvelos msgavsad, evTanazia azerbaijanSic
privilegirebul danaSaulTa ricxvs miekuTxvena, amaze metyvelebs
sasjelis zoma, romelic evTanaziis SemTxvevaSi kanonmdeblobiT
aris gaTvaliswinebuli. azerbaijanis ssk-iT dasjad qmedebad aris
miCneuli da misi Camdeni piri isjeba gamasworebeli samuSaoTi an
Tavisuflebis aRkveTis vadiT 3 wlamde an Tanamdebobis dakavebis
an saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeviT.
rig qveynebSi, miuxedavad evTanaziss kriminalizaciisa,
sazogadoebam Tavad gamonaxa gamosavali, mag: ,,meqsikaSi,
zoomaRaziaSi iyideba wamali ,,pentobarbitali“, romelic Sinauri
cxovelebis evTanaziisaTvis gamoiyeneba. aRniSnuli wamlis miReba
adamianSic iwvevs umtkivneulo sikvdils, wamlis miRebidan erTi
saaTis ganmavlobaSi. ,,pentobarbitali“-s SesaZenad meqsikaSi
araerTi msurveli Cadis“.114
2.1.1. evTanazia ruseTis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT
,,evTanazia akrZalulia ruseTSi. ruseTis ssk-Si ar aris calke

gamoyofili muxli, romelic uSualod am sakiTxs Seexeba,
mkvleloba msxverplis TxovniT ganixileba rogorc Cveulebrivi
ganzraxi mkvleloba yovelgvari Semamsubuqebeli garemoebebis
gareSe, vinaidan ar arsebobs specialuri muxli. ruseTis kanonSi
,,moqalaqeTa janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb“ xazgasmulia, rom
evTanazia yovelmxriv dauSvebelia. samedicino personals
ekrZaleba aqtiuri evTanaziis ganxorcieleba, Tundac avadmyofis
gamudmebuli da daJinebuli TxovniT“.115
,,sabWoTa kavSiris dros kanondeblobaSi iyo aseTi SeniSvna,
rom Tuki aseTi mZime viTareba hqonda pirovnebas, igi
pasuxisgebisgan unda gaTavisuflebuliyo, anu mkvlelobisTvis
sasjeli ar ekisreboda. es ufleba Zalian bevrma borotad
gamoiyena, ris gamoc Semdeg gauqmda“.116
113
sayvareliZe f., statia, evTanazia _ mowyaleba Tu mkvleloba, J. Tavisufleba,
Tb., 2003, 33.
114
115
Росийское угаловное право, Особенная частъ, М., 1997, 131-132.
116
Бородин С. В., престурление против жизни, М., 2000, 21.
39
sabWoTa deontologia117 ukiduresad uaryofiTad afasebda
evTanazias. socialisturi humanizmi eqims ar aZlevda fizikuri
tkivilebiT datanjuli pacientisTvis iseTi saSualebis micemas,
rac mis sikvdils daaCqarebda.118
,,ruseTSi XX saukunis dasawyisSi Camoyalibda faruli
sazogadoebebi, romlebic medikamentozuri saSualebebiT
aCqarebdnen uimedo avadmyofebis sikvdils naTesavebTan
SeTanxmebis Semdeg. gamoCenili rusi advokati a.f. koni evTanazias
Semdeg pirobebSi miiCnevda dasaSvebad: ,,avadmyofis Segnebuli da
daJinebuli moTxovniT: Tu SeuZlebelia Seumsubuqo tkivilebi da
tanjva avadmyofs; Tu sicocxlis gadarCena SeuZlebelia da
arsebobs amis udavod damadasturebeli monacemebi, romelsac
eqimTa kolegia daadasturebs da Tu amis Sesaxeb winaswar
SevatyobinebT prokuraturas“.119
1922 wlis rsfsr-is sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 143-e
muxliT mkvleloba msxverplis TxovniT sruliad dausjelad
gamocxadda. muxlis redaqcia Camoyalibda Semdegnairad:
,,sibraluliT Cadenili mkvleloba moklulis daJinebuli TxovniT,
ar isjeba“, magram es norma cota xans moqmedebda, vinaidan eWvi
gamoiwvia aseTi normis mizanSewonilobam, romelic SesaZloa
gamoeyenebinaT boroti ganzraxvis gansaxorcieleblad. aRniSnuli
norma maleve gauqmda da kanonmdebelma msxverplis TxovniT
mkvleloba Cveulebriv ganzrax mkvlelobaTa jgufs miakuTvna.
rogorc profesori a. JiJilenko aRniSnavda, rom rsfsr-is 1922w.
kodeqsi erTi ukiduresobidan meore ukiduresobaSi Cavarda.120
evTanaziis problema arasodes yofila ruseTSi
sazogadoebis mier farTod gaSuqebuli, magram filosofosebis,
medikosebis, iuristebisa da sasuliero pirebis mier viwro wreSi
ganxilvis dros, mudam mwvave debatebsa da Seurigebel
winaaRmdegobebs iwvevda. yovelTvis arsebobdnen evTanaziis
momxreni da misi mowinaaRmdegeni. ivaneSkini uaryofda ra am
movlenis pozitiurobas, aRniSnavda, rom evTanaziis momxreTa
pozicia gaJRenTilia abstraqtuli SiSiT ,,tanjvis gareSe“,
romelic arRvevs arsebobis process da eqimebi mas SecdomiT
miiCneven humanizmad.121 gromovi da kotelnikovi, romelnic aseve
negatiurad iyvnen ganwyobilni evTanaziisadmi, acxadebdnen, rom
avadmyofebi, romelnic uimedod arian dasneulebulni da Zlieri
tkivilebisagan itanjebian, marTalia, sTxoven eqimebs sicocxlis
mospobas, magram maTi Txovna ar aris gulidan amoZaxili.122
117
deontologia _ moZRvreba medicinis muSakTa saqcielis, movaleobis, moralis,
eTikis Sesaxeb.
118
119
studentebisTvis, gamomc. universali, Tb., 2011, 120-121.
120ix. tatulaSvili l., statia, mkvleloba msxverplis TxovniT (muxli 110-e)
saxeebi, ornati #2, 2009, 62-63.
121
ix. Ардашева Н. А., Эвтаназия как метод искусственного прерывания жизни: правовые условия,
2004, 136.
122
ix. Бородин С. В., престурление против жизни, М., 2000, 24.
40
,,evTanaziis mowinaaRmdegeTa pozicia SemdegSi mdgomareobs:
tkivili, ra Tqma unda, arasasurvelia, magram ar SeiZleba
daveTanxmoT im mosazrebas, rom humanuri iqneba, Tu sicocxles
movuspobT adamians tkivilisa da tanjvis gamo.“.123
,,ruseTSi evTanazia dasjadi qmedebaa da mZime danaSaulTa
kategorias miekuTvneba. evTanazia ruseTis federaciis ssk-is
mixedviT, calke muxlad ar aris Camoyalibebuli da mas ssk-is
105-e muxli moicavs, romelic iTvaliswinebs pasuxismgeblobas
ganzraxi mkvlelobisTvis da sasjelis saxiT gaTvaliswinebulia
Tavisuflebis aRkveTa vadiT 6-dan 15 wlamde“.124
ruseTis ,,eqimis eTikis kodeqsSi“ aRniSnulia, rom evTanazia,
rogorc aqtiuri, ise pasiuri (mkurnalobis Sewyveta) dauSvebelia
rogorc pacientis, ise misi axlo naTesavis an kanonieri
warmomadgenlis TxovniT. amave kanoniT, evTanaziad ar CaiTvleba
iseTi medikamentebis gamoyeneba, romlebic umsubuqeben pacients
tkivils, Tumca arapirdapiri ganzraxviT aCqareben sikvdils.125
aRniSnuli imis dasturia, rom ruseTis ,,eqimis eTikis kodeqsi“
arapirdapir evTanazias scnobs.
ruseTis federaciis kanoni ,,uari samedicino Carevaze“,
kerZod ki misi 33-e muxli gvamcnobs: ,,qveynis moqalaqes an mis
kanonier warmomadgenels ufleba aqvs, uari ganacxados samedicino
Carevaze an moiTxovos, ukve gaweuli samedicino momsaxurebis
Sewyveta“126. mocemul SemTxvevaSi aRniSnuli survili avadmyofma
an misma kanonierma warmomadgenelma werilobiTi formiT unda
daafiqsiron, romelsac xels pacienti an misi kanonieri
warmomadgeneli da samedicino dawesebulebis uflebamosili piri
awers xels. pacientis mkurnali eqimi valdebulia, avadmyofs an
kanonieri warmomadgenels ganumartos mis mier miRebuli
gadawyvetilebis mosalodneli Sedegebi. 127 e.i. kanonmdebelma
garkveulwilad gza gamoZebna, raTa pasiuri evTanazia kanonis
farglebSi moeqcia, avadmyofisTvis ufleba mieca, ar daewyo an
aRar gaegrZelebina mkurnaloba, Tumca aRniSnuls uwoda ara
pasiuri evTanazia, aramed moqalaqis ufleba, uari Tqvas
samedicino Carevaze.
ruseTis kanonmdeblobiT, pacients SeuZlia nebismier dros
Sewyvitos mkurnaloba, evTanaziis ganxorcieleba ki akrZalulia.
am daTqmis miuxedavad, arsebobs iseTi garemoebebic, romlebic
gvafiqrebinebs, rom msgavsad saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobisa,
pasiuri evTanazia garkveulwilad, Sezruduli saxiT, magram mainc
dasaSvebia; kerZod, kanoni ar krZalavs, rom pirma rCeva misces
TviTmkvlels, an misces mas raime xerxi, saSualeba sikvdilis
dasaCqareblad. ufro metic, pacients SesaZlebloba aqvs TviTon
123
samarTali, mecniereba, publicistika, praqtika, Tb., 2001, 60-61.
124
Уголовное право России, Особенная частъ, Учебник под редаксии, А.И. Рагова, М., 1999, 158.
125
ix. iqve, 248.
126
Акопов В.И., Бова А.А, Сборник, докладов первой международной конференции, Общество,
медицина, закон, Кисловодск, 1999, 5-6.
127
ix. Бородин С. В., престурление против жизни, М., 2000, 26-27.
41
gadawyvitos, daTanxmdes Tu ara samedicino rCevas _ es misi
uflebaa. pacientis nebis gareSe dauSvebelia samedicino
momsaxurebis Catareba, Tundac maSin, roca eqimma icis, rom amis
gareSe pacientis sikvdili gardauvalia.
bolo wlebSi ruseTSi SeimCneva aqtiuri evTanaziis
mowinaaRmdegeTa gaaqtiureba. isini evTanazias Tvlian
ganukurnebel avadmyofTa ,,mkvlelobad mowyalebisaTvis” da
dauSveblad miiCneven ara marto imitom, rom gamoricxuli ar aris
saeqimo diagnostikuri Secdoma an Segnebuli boroti ganzraxva,
aramed imitomac, rom adamiani, vinc evTanazias Seasrulebs,
SemdgomSi mudam daitanjeba sindisis qenjniT daemuqros
,,raskolnikovis koSmari” an doqtor jon krais bedi. 128
,,ruseTis erT-erT satelevizio arxze popularul gadacemaSi
mowveuli eqimi mravalmilionian auditorias arwmunebda, rom
martoxela moxucTa maTive Txovnis safuZvelze sasikvdilo
ineqciiT mokvdineba, Tanac, winaswari gasamrjelos fasad, humanuri
aqtia da Tavadac amgvari saqmianobiT ,,regularulad aris
dakavebuli“.129 gadacema yovelgvari komentarisa da publikis
kritikuli gamosvlebis gareSe dasrulda, arc
samarTaldamcvelTa mxridan yofila raime reagireba, rac
miuRebelia, vinaidan eqimis mier naTqvami, rom igi amgvari
saqmianobiT regularulad aris dakavebuli metyvelebs imaze, rom
igi aqtiur evTanaziaze mxolod sakuTar mosazrebas ki ar
gamoTqvamda, aramed mas praqtikaSi mimarTavda, rac ruseTis
kanonmdeblobiT dasjadia.
2004 wels rostovis raionulma sasamarTlom ganixila
sisxlis samarTlis saqme ori arasrulwlovani gogonas _
kristina patrinas (16 wlis) da marTa Skermanovas (14 wlis) mimarT.
aRniSnuli ruseTis marTlmsajulebis istoriaSi evTanaziis
SemTxvevis pirveli saqme iyo. saqme exeboda 32 wlis qalbatonis _
natalia baranikovas survilis Sesrulebas sicocxlis dasrulebis
Taobaze. es ukanaskneli avtoavariis Sedegad paralizebuli gaxda
da Zlieri fizikuri tkivilebiT itanjeboda, sicocxlis survili
dakarga da gadawyvita, ori arasrulwlovani gogonas xeliT
gamoTxoveboda mas. qalbatonis daJinebulma Txovnam Sedegi
gamoiRo da gogonebma igi fexsacmlis TasmiT daaxrCves da
sanacvlod Zvirfaseuloba miiRes, rac mogvianebiT gainawiles.130
prokuroris moTxovna gogonebisTvis mkacri sasjelis
(Tavisuflebis aRkveTa Svidnaxevar wlamde) daniSvna iyo, rasac
igi im argumentiT asabuTebda, rom gogonebis mxridan ar yofila
msxverplis mimarT Secodeba da sibraluli, maT qali mxolod
gamorCenis mizniT mokles. am azris sapirispirod, dacvis mxare
128
129
arCvaZe v., statia, evTanazia, Tanamedrove medicina, #1 noember-dekemberi, 2007,
19.
130
ix. Court jails two teenage girls in Russia's first-ever euthanasia case, posted 09.12.2004,
www.english.pravda.ru/hotspots/crimes/09-12-2004/7481-euthanasia-0/, 12.11.2011.
42
acxadebda, rom gogonebma gaiTvaliswines n. baranikovas xvewna,
misi mdgomareoba, saSineli tkivilebi da misi survili Seasrules.
sasamarTlo procesze gardacvlilis meuRlem daadastura faqti,
rom mis meuRles sikvdili namdvilad surda, mas daJinebiT
iTxovda, rac bevri mcdelobis miuxedavad, ver gadaafiqrebina.131
sasamarTlom gogonebi damnaSved scno natalia baranikovas
ganzrax mkvlelobaSi da kristina patrinas 5 wliT, xolo marTa
Skermanovas 4 wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa miusaja.132
zemoaRniSnuli SemTxveva marTlac rom sibralulis motiviT
da uangarod ganxorcielebuliyo, Segedis misaRwevad gamoyenebuli
meTodi sruliad arahumanuri da miuRebelia. igi araa evTanaziis
ganxorcielebis meTodi. ruseTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi
mkvlelobas msxverplis TxovniT ar scnobs da qmedebis Camdens
asamarTlebs rogorc ganzrax mkvlelobis Camdens. ruseTis ssk-Si
aseTi muxli romc yofiliyo, mocemul SemTxvevaSi ver iqneboda
gamoyenebuli, vinaidan aSkara iyo gogonebis mxridan angareba, maT
qmedeba imitom ar CaudeniaT, rom avadmyofi tkivilebisgan
gaeTavisuflebinaT, aramed imisTvis, rom dapirebuli
Zvirfaseuloba mieRoT. ruseTis ssk-is 105-e muxli _ ganzrax
mkvleloba sasjelis saxiT 6-dan 15 wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTas
iTvaliswinebs. sasamarTlos mier gogonebisTvis Sefardebuli
sasjelis zoma metyvelebs, rom sasamarTlom mxolod maTi asaki
gaiTvaliswina da qmedebis Cadenis motivi da mizani ar Seafasa
rogorc msxverplis mimarT ganxorcielebuli humanuri aqti _ misi
autaneli tkivilebisgan gaTavisufleba.
aSkaraa, rom ganxorcielda metad arahumanuri gziT Cadenili
angarebiTi mkvleloba, romelic sasamarTlom daakvalificira
rogorc ganzrax mkvleloba, arada angareba ruseTis
kanonmdeblobiTac iZleva ara martivi mkvlelobis Semadgenlobas,
aramed mis damamZimebel garemoebas. sasamarTlos gogonebi
damnaSaved unda ecno mkvlelobaSi Cadenili damamZimebel
garemoebebSi (angarebiT), Sesabamisad, Sefardebuli sasjelic
ufro mkacri da Cadenili danaSaulis adekvaturi iqneboda.
2007 wels ruseTis federaciis sabWos zeda palataSi
socialuri politikis komitetis Tavmjdomarem, valentina
petrenkom warmoadgina iniciativa, gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi
evTanaziis garkveuli formiT legalizebis Taobaze, rac
gulisxmobda evTanaziis legalizebas terminaluri
pacientebisTvis, risTvisac savaldebulod unda dadgeniliyo
Semdegi wesebi:
 pacientma evTanaziis Taobaze eqims werilobiT unda
mimarTos, rac notariulad unda iqnas damowmebuli;
 eqim-eqspertebs ori Tve unda mieceT, pacientis daavadebis
srulyofili SeswavlisTvis, raTa daadginon, SesaZlebelia
131
ix. Court jails two teenage girls in Russia's first-ever euthanasia case, posted 09.12.2004,
132
ix. iqve,
43
Tu ara, mkurnalobis gagrZelebiT pacientis mdgomareobis
gaumjobeseba;
 dasasruls, pacientis samedicino cnoba unda ganixilos da
daamtkicos iseTma aRmasrulebelma organom, rogoric aris,
magaliTad, samxareo administracia, romelic
dakompleqtebul unda iqnas medikosebis, prokuraturis
Tanamdebobis pirebis, iuristebisa da sazogadoebrivi
organizaciebis warmomadgenlebisgan. 133
qalbaton petrenkos iniciativaSi ar daukonkretebia, Tu ra
pirobebSi mieniWeboda pacients evTanaziis moTxovnis ufleba. man
ubralod miuTiTa, rom evTanazia gamosavali unda gaxdes im
avadmyofebisTvis, romelTac gamojanmrTelebis Sansi aRar aqvT,
itanjebian da agoniis dasrulebas Tavad iTxoven.134 qalbaton
petrenkos ar miuTiTebia, Tu rogori samedicino Cveneba unda
hqondes pacients, raTa evTanaziis moTxovnis ufleba moipovos.
yvela avadmyofobis terminaluri stadia da moraluri tanjva ar
iwvevs autanel tkivilebs, Sesabamisad, evTanaziis moTxovnis
uflebas.
aRniSnul iniciativas moskovis sapatriarqos sagareo
saeklesio urTierTobis departamentis Tavmjdomaris moadgile,
dekanozi vsevolod Caplini gamoexmaura da ganacxada, rom
qristianuri TvalsazrisiT, sruliad amoraluria adamianis
TviTmkvlelobaSi daxmareba. iqve imedic gamoTqva, rom
,,nebayoflobiTi sikvdilis“ Taobaze debatebi religiuri da
samoqalaqo sazogadoebis warmomadgenelTa monawileobiT
ganxorcieldeba.135 ,,eqimebi, iuristebi da zogadad profesionalTa
erToba, am kanonis beds ver gadawyvets“136 _ ganacxada man.
dekanozis pozicias ruseTis samedicino mecnierebaTa akademiis
prezidentma, mixail davidovmac gaiziara. ruseTSi evTanaziis
legalizebis idea dumis sakanonmdeblo komitetis Tavmjdomarem,
pavel kraSeninikovmac gaakritika.137 aRniSnuli mowmobs, rom
marTlmadidebel ruseTSi eklesiis pozicia evTanaziasTan
mimarTebaSi iseTive Zlieri da angariSgasawevia, rogorc
saqarTveloSi.
rusma mecnierebma araerTxel gamoTqves SiSi, rom evTanaziis
legalizeba qveyanaSi adamianis organoTa trefikingisa da sisxlis
ukanonod mitacebis faqtebs gazrdis da evTanazia gaxdeba
samarTlebrivi gza am danaSaulebriv qmedebaTa dasafarad.138
133
ix. www.asianews.it/news-en/Orthodox-Church-and-scientists-against-euthanasia-9030.html,
07.11.2010.
134
ix. iqve.
135
ix. iqve.
136
iqve.
137
ix. iqve.
138
ix. Top Russian Scientist Warns Euthanasia Will Increase Human Organ Trafficking,
www.physiciansforlife.org/content/view/1358/33, 14.11.2011.
44
2011 wlis 22 noembers ruseTma miiRo kanoni sazogadoebrivi
jandacvis Sesaxeb, romelSic dafiqsirda, rom evTanazia
danaSaulia da misi Camdeni unda daisajos rogorc mkvleli.139
2012 wlis 7 ivniss gamoqveynda Catarebuli gamokiTxvis
Sedegebi. kvleva sazogadoebrivi azris fondma 2012 wlis 27 maiss
Caatara ruseTis 43 regionSi. kvlevam 1500 respodenti moicva.
gamokiTxulTa 32% evTanaziis legalizebis momxre aRmoCnda, 32% _
mowinaaRmdege, 36%-s ki pasuxi ar hqonda, aqedan evTanaziis
dakanonebas miemxro ganaTlebul respodentTa 37%, did qalaqebSi
mcxovrebTa _ 43% da mosaxleobis is nawili, romlis Semosavali
20 000 rubls aRemateboda _ 47%.140 mocemulma uaxlesma kvlevam
cxadyo, rom ruseTis moqalaqeebi evTanaziisadmi loialurebi
gaxdnen.
2.1.2. evTanazia safrangeTis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT
franguli kanonmdeblobiT evTanazia bolo dromde ikrZaleboda

rogorc aqtiuri, ise pasiuri formiT. safrangeTis ssk-Si
evTanazias calke muxli ar aqvs daTmobili, igi ganixileba
rogorc Cveulebrivi ganzrax mkvleloba, Tumca am ramdenime wlis
win safrangeTSi miRebul iqna kanoni, romelic exeba pasiur
evTanazias. am kanoniT ganukurnebeli seniT daavadebul avadmyofs
ufleba mieca uari Tqvas mkurnalobaze, amisTvis aucilebelia,
arsebobdes pacientis werilobiTi gancxadeba da mtkicebuleba
imisa, rom es gadawyvetileba nebayoflobiT da gacnobierebulad
aris miRebuli.141
safrangeTis kanonmdeblobis moTxovnis Tanaxmad, eqims
ufleba aqvs, avadmyofis moTxovniT, gamoiyenos
tkivilgamayuCeblebi, Tundac isini aCqarebdnen sikvdils142,
aqtiuri evTanazia ki yvela SemTxvevaSi dauSvebelia.
,,franguli kanonmdeblobiT, evTanazia dasjadia, Tumca 2005
wlidan aqtiuri debatebi mimdinareobs evTanaziis legalizebasTan
dakavSirebiT. evTanaziis momxreebma evTanaziis legalizaciis
kanonproeqtic ki moamzades da qveynis umaRles sakanonmdeblo
organoSi Seitanes, Tumca uSedegod, vinaidan kanonproeqtis
miRebaze senatma uari ganacxada“.143
,,safrangeTis qalaq reJSi 1962 wels ganxiluli iqna saqme
q.n. vendeputis mimarT, romelsac fizikuri naklis mqone bavSvi
139
ix. One-third of Russians want the right to euthanasia – poll,
www.interfax-religion.com/?act=news&div=9421, 02.07.2012.
140
ix. iqve,
www.interfax-religion.com/?act=news&div=9421, 02.07.2012.
141
ix. pradeli J., dasaxelebuli naSromi (dasax. naSr.), Tb., 1999, 138.
142
ix. www. euthanasia.com/beth315/415: Death, Dying and Euthanasia, French Perspectives on
Controversies at the beginning and end of life – Paris, France, start/html, 13.03.2011.
143
Sengelia a., dasax. statia, 127-128.
45
eyola _ Cvili uxelo iyo, Tanac ukana tanSi naklovaneba hqonda.
dedam rva dRis axalSobils sawamlavi misca, ris Sedegadac Cvili
gardaicvala. mosamarTlis SekiTxvaze, Tu ratom gaakeTa es, dedam
upasuxa: ,,es saSineleba iyo, Cems Svils mTeli cxovrebis
ganmavlobaSi unda hqonoda sikvdilis survili. me ar SemeZlo
mecqira misi mudmivi tanjvisaTvis, es adamianis Zalas aRemateba”,
xolo sasamarTlos Tavjdomares SeniSvnaze, rom patara gogona
SeeZlo moeTavsebina specialur dawesebulebaSi, dedam upasuxa: ,,es
iqneboda sakiTxis moxsna CemTvis da ara misTvis”. mocemul
SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom ganacxada, rom dedis mxridan evTanaziis
ganxorcielebis motivi iyo sibraluli, gamowveuli Svilis
fizikuri simaxinjiT. sasamarTlom deda pasuxismgeblobisgan
gaaTavisufla“.144
faqtia, rom q.n. vendeputis mier ganxorcielebuli qmedeba
aranairad ar jdeba evTanaziis sayovelTaod damkvidrebul
ganmartebaSi, romlis Tanaxmadac, evTanaziad iTvleba momakvdavi
an sxvagvarad daavadebuli adamianebisaTvis sicocxlis moswrafeba
autaneli fizikuri tanjvisagan gaTavisuflebis mizniT da
Sebralebis, TanagrZnobis motiviT. igi jdeba mxolod evTanaziis
farTo gagebaSi. gamodis, rom sasamarTlom moZebna gza, raTa
dedis qmedebisTvis gamarTleba moeZebna da igi ar daesaja
mxolod imitom, rom Cvili realurad fizikuri naklis mqone iyo.
mocemuli SemTxveva ar SeiZleba Sefasdes arc rogorc
saqarTvelos ssk-is 38-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli bralis
gamomricxveli sapatiebeli garemoeba. mocemuli muxli aerTianebs
bralis gamomricxvel sxvadasxva sapatiebel garemoebebs, maT
Soris iseT SemTxvevebs, ,,roca rogorc wesi, adgili aqvs
TanabarmniSvnelovan interesTa kolizias, romlis drosac
warmoiSoba konfliqti, romelSic gadawyvetileba unda iqnes
miRebuli erTi maTganis sasargeblod meore sikeTis
marTlsawinaaRmdego xelyofis xarjze. aseT SemTxvevaSi piri,
marTalia, axorcielebs qmedebis Semadgenlobis Sesabamis
marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebas (sisxlissamarTlebriv umarTlobas),
magram Seqmnili situacia imdenad eqstremaluria, rom mas ar
SeiZleba moeTxovos normis Sesabamisi moqmedebis Sesruleba, ris
gamoc bralis gamoricxvis gziT, uari unda iTqvas mis dasjaze“.145
oTar gamyreliZe marTebulad miuTiTebs, rom bralis
gamomricxveli sapatio garemoebis dros, sxvisi sicocxlis
xelyofa xdeba sakuTari sicocxlis gadarCenis xarjze, winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi ar arsebobs sapatiebeli, misatevebeli ukiduresi
aucilebloba.146
zemoaRniSnul magaliTSi dedis sicocxles araviTari
safrTxe ar emuqreboda, risi Tavidan acilebis saSualebac Cvilis
sikvdili SeiZleboda yofiliyo. man xelyo damoukidebeli
144
145
turava m., sisxlis samarTali, zogadi nawili, danaSaulis moZRvreba, Tb., 2011,
468.
146
ix. gamyreliZe o., saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis ganmarteba, meore
gamocema, Tb., 2008, 260.
46
sicocxle, romelic mokvdinebas ar iTxovda da arc sxvas uqmnida
raime safrTxes, Sesabamisad misi qmedeba ver Sefasdeba rogorc
bralis gamomricxveli sapatiebeli garemoeba, vinaidan saxezea
ganzrax mkvleloba winaswar SecnobiT umweo mdgomareobaSi
myofisa (vinaidan bavSvi mxolod 8 dRis iyo) Tumca sadavo araa,
rom mocemuli viTareba sasamarTlom mxedvelobaSi unda miiRos,
rogorc pasuxismgeblobis Semamsubuqebeli garemoeba sasjelis
daniSvnisas.
,,safrangeTSi pasiuri da aqtiuri evTanaziis Sefaseba
eyrdnoba samedicino deontologiis kodeqsis me-20 muxls (1979
wlis 28 ivnisis dekreti), romlis Tanaxmadac, ,,eqimi valdebulia
Seumsubuqos avadmyofs tanjva, magram mas ara aqvs sikvdilis
Zaldautanebeli provocirebis ufleba”, eqims ara aqvs ufleba,
zegavlena moaxdinos pacientze, raTa miaRebinos pasiuri
evTanaziis moTxovnis gadawyvetileba“.147
daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom franguli
kanonmdebloba aRiarebs pasiur evTanazias. safrangeTis
moqalaqeTa 99 procenti emxroba aqtiur evTanazias eqimis
meSveobiT (albaT imitom, rom igi yvelaze kvalificiuria
sikvdilSi daxmarebaSi, iseve rogorc sicocxlis SenarCunebaSi).148
rac Seexeba aqtiur evTanazias, sakiTxi erTmniSvnelovnad
uarofiTad aris gadawyvetili. aRniSnuli TvalsazrisiT friad
sainteresoa safrangeTis sasamarTlos mier 2008 wels ganxiluli
saqme, romelic aqtiuri evTanaziis nebarTvas exeboda. evTanaziis
nebarTvis TxovniT sasamarTlos 53 wlis frangma pedagogma
qalbatonma _ Cantal sebirem mimarTa. 2000 wels qalbatons kibos
iSviaTi formis diagnozi dausves _ esTesioneuroblastoma,
romlis mxolod 200 SemTxvevaa dafiqsirebuli mTels msofiloSi
ukanaskneli 20 wlis manZilze. Cantal sebirem uari ganacxada
Terapiul mkurnalobaze da qirurgiur Carevaze. mokle periodSi
simsivnem qalis saxis didi nawili moicva, ramac Sedegad saxis
Seucnobloba gamoiwvia. C. sebirem simsivnis zrdis gamo, dakarga
mxedveloba, gemosa da sunis SegrZneba.149
Cantal sebirem pirvelad farTo sazogadoebis yuradReba
2008 wlis TebervalSi miiqcia, roca man prezident nikolas
sarkozis sajaro TxovniT mimarTa, misTvis aqtiuri evTanaziis
nebarTvis miRebaSi daxmareboda.150 prezidentma sebires mimarT
TanagrZnoba gamoxata da ganacxada, rom sasurvelia safrangeTis
parlamentma miiRos kanoni, romelic ukurnebeli seniT datanjul
avadmyofs sicocxlisgan gaTavisuflebis kanonier uflebas
miscemda. 151 ,,qalbatoni sebire safrangeTis televiziiTac gamovida
da Tavisi autaneli mdgomareoba aRwera, maT Soris is, Tu rogor
147
www. euthanasia.com/beth315/415: Death, Dying and Euthanasia, French Perspectives on
Controversies at the beginning and end of life – Paris, France, start/html, 13.03.2011.
148
ix. Уголовное право зарубежних стран, обшая част, м., 2003, 256-257.
149
ix. www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantal_S%C3%A9bire, Chantal Sébire, 04.01.2012.
150
ix. iqve.
151
ix. www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1724062,00.html, Death Sets French Euthanasia Debate,
04.01.2010.
47
garbodnen bavSvebi, roca mas quCaSi xedavdnen. ,,cxovelic ar unda
vaiZuloT, gamoscados is, rac me gamovcade” _ acxadebda
C. sebire”.152
2008 wlis 17 marts safrangeTis sasamarTlom uari uTxra
Cantal sebires evTanaziis uflebis miniWebaze im motiviT, rom
safrangeTis kanonmdebloba uflebas ar aZlevs eqims, Tundac
ganukurneli seniT datanjul pacients sikvdilSi daexmaros.153
,,sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis Semdeg, q-ma sebirem ganacxada: ,,me
axla vici, rogor Cavigdo xelSi is, rac me mWirdeba da Tu amas
safrangeTSi ver viSovi, maSin sxvagan mainc viSovi”.154
2008 wlis 19 marts Cantal sebire sakuTar saxlSi
gardacvlili ipoves. autofsiis daskvniT, igi bunebrivi sikvdiliT
ar gardacvlila, mis sisxlSi aRmoCnda toqsikuri koncentrati _
narkotikuli saSualoeba ,,pentobarbitali”, romelic safrangeTis
afTiaqebSi ar aris xelmisawvdomi, Tumca msoflios sxvadasxva
qveyanaSi gamoiyeneba, rogorc TviTmkvlelobaSi daxmarebis
saSualeba.155
2.1.3. evTanazia germaniis federaciuli respublikis

kanonmdeblobis mixedviT
meore msoflio omis periodSi faSisturi germaniis mier

renesansis evTanaziis humanuri doqtrina borotad iqna
gamoyenebuli da 1939-1945 w. evTanaziis SeniRbviT ganxorcielebul
marTlsawinaaRmdego aqtebs, romelic SemdgomSi dakvalificirda,
rogorc adamianurobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSauli,
romelsac asi aTasobiT adamianis sicocxle Seewira. faSistebis am
barbarosul programas safuZveli 1920 wels gamoqveynebulma
iurist f. Bindigrisa da fsiqiatr a. hoxes erToblivma naSromma
,,usargeblo sicocxlis ganadgurebisaTvis Tavisuflebis micemam“
daudo. am naSromis avtorebi TavianTi saqmis (arasrulfasovanTa
sicocxlis ganadgurebis) ganmaxorcieleblad nacionalistebs
miiCnevdnen. maTi azriT, es iqneboda ara mkvleloba, aramed
ganadgureba, anu mospoba ,,carieli adamianis fitulisa”.156
arasrulfasovanTa sicocxlis mospobis nacisturi programa
naxsenebi iyo jer kidev 1933 wlis dekemberSi ,,eris janmrTelobis
dacva”, romlis qveS imaleboda ,,mxecuri eqsperimentebi” e.w. ,,eris
higiena”, ,,suliT avadmyofTa sterilizacia” da a.S. am moZraobam
gansakuTrebiT seriozuli xasiaTi daaxloebiT 6 wlis Semdeg
miiRo.
152
www.news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7305970.stm, 04.01.2012.
153
ix. www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantal_S%C3%A9bire, Chantal Sébire, 04.01.2012.
154
iqve.
155
ix. iqve.
156
48
1939 wlis 1 seqtembers hitlerma janmrTelobisa da higienis
komisars, mecnierebis doqtors karl brandtsa da biulers
saidumlod ubrZana, SeerCiaT eqimebi, romlebsac daevalebodaT,
viTomda humanuri mosazrebiT, daexocaT fsiqiurad daavadebuli
adamianebi. ,,evTanaziis programis“ ganxorcielebas
xelmZRvanelobda ,,saidumlo organizacia t 4“, romelic berlinSi
mdebareobda. adamianTa ganadgurebis centrebi iyo Semdeg
qalaqebSi: branderburgi, zoneStiani, grafuneki da avstriuli
patara qalaqi hartaimi. programas pirvel periodSi 1939 wlis
bolodan 1941 wlis zafxulis CaTvliT 100 000 adamianis sicocxle
Seewira.157 es unda momxdariyo sastiki saidumloebis dacviT.
Tavdapirvelad „evTanaziis programis“ mixedviT gazis kamerebSi
sicocxles uspobdnen marTlac suliT avadmyofebs da idiotebs,
magram axali saidumlo brZanebebis safuZvelze „evTanazia“
gavrcelda sakoncentracio banakSi moTavsebul patimrebze, Semdeg
ebraelebzec. „evTanaziis programis“ ganxorcielebis ukanasknel
statiebze sicocxles uspoben yvelas, vis mimarTac im daskvnamde
mividodnen, rom es piri SromisaTvis gamousadegaria, xolo sul
bolos yvela politikurad arasasurvel pirovnebas. amgvarad,
„evTanaziis programiT“ ramdenime aseul aTasobiT udanaSaulo
adamiani gaiJlita. karl barandti da misi ocdaori Tanamonawile
gaasamarTla amerikis pirvelma samxedro tribunalma. brandti da
misi eqvsi Tanamonawile sikvdiliT dasajes, danarCenebs ki
miusajes Tavisuflebis aRkveTa uvadod an xangrZlivi vadiT. es
evTanazia ki ara, aramed adamianurobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli
aqtebis mTeli seriis ganxorcieleba iyo. moralurad gasakicxia
iseTi SemTxvevebic, rodesac suliT avadmyofis an fizikuri
naklis mqone piris mkvleloba xdeba Tundac Sebralebis motiviT.
suliT avadmyofis an maxinji adamianis mkvleloba araviTar
iuridiul da zneobriv problemebs ar ayenebs. aseTi mkvleloba
Cveulebrivi mkvlelobaa da igi unda daisajos ise, rogorc sxva
saxis mkvleloba.158
,,mosaxleobis, msoflio sazogadoebisa da saeklesio
warmomadgenlebis protestma hitleri aiZula 1941 wlis agvistos
SeeCerebina gazis kamerebSi invalidebisa da suliT avadmyofTa
ganadgureba, magram adamianTa mokvdineba farulad mainc
grZeldeboda. Omisi damTavrebis Semdeg, 1945 wels sxvadasxva
eqspertebis monacemebiT ,,evTanaziis programis” msxverpli
germaniaSi 200 000-dan 300 000 adamians aRwevda”. 159
omis damTavrebis Semdeg, dRis wesrigSi dadga damnaSaveTa
dasjis sakiTxi. karl brandti da misi 22 Tanamonawile amerikis
pirvelma samxedro tribunalma gaasamarTla, romlis sxdomebi 1946
wlis 25 oqtombridan 1947 wlis 19 ivlisamde grZeldeboda.
brandti da misi 6 Tanamonawile sikvdiliT dasajes, danarCenebs ki
mudmivi, an xangrZlivi vadiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa miusajes.
aRsaniSnavia, rom am sasamarTlo procesamde 1945 wels zogierTma
157
158
ix. iqve, 63-65.
159
iqve, 63.
49
,,eqim-evTanazistma” TviTmkvlelobiT daamTavra sicocxle,
zogierTma ki moaxerxa, marTlmsajulebas gaqceoda.160
zemoaRniSnuli qmedebebi saqarTvelos ssk-is TvalsazrisiT
rom Sefasdes, maT araviTari kavSiri evTanaziasTan ar hqoniaT.
saxeze ar yofila fizikuri tkivilebiT tanjuli avadmyofis
daJinebuli Txovna. msxverplTa Tanxmobac rom yofiliyo, saxeze
arc marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli garemoeba iqneboda,
vinaidan ,,nebismieri individualuri samarTlebrivi sikeTis
dazianebaze ar aris sakmarisi am samarTlebrivi sikeTis
matareblis Tanxmoba, rom damzianeblis moqmedeba CaiTvalos
marTlzomierad. sxva piris mier sakuTari sicocxlis mosaspobad
micemuli Tanxmoba, pirs ar aZlevs uflebas, sicocxle mouspos
mas”.161
rac Seexeba evTanaziis sakiTxis ganxilvas bralis
gamomricxveli garemoebis WrilSi, upirveles yovlisa unda iTqvas,
rom ,,mxolod sakuTari sicocxlis gadarCenis argumentiT SeuZlia
sasamarTlom piris qmedeba CaTvalos arabraleulad, roca igi
adamianis sicocxles xelyofs sakuTari sicocxlis
gadasarCenad”.162
arsebobs bralis gamomricxveli sxvadasxva sapatiebeli
garemoeba, maT Soris tragikuli koliziis SemTxvevebi. es is
SemTxvevebia, roca saxezea TanabarmniSvnelovan interesTa
kolizia.
,,problematuri da sakamaToa SemTxveva, Tu ramdenad
warmoSobs sicocxlis raodenobrioba sapatiebeli tragikuli
koliziis mdgomareobas im SemTxvevebSi, Tu samarTlebriv sikeTeTa
gadasarCenad, xelyofen pirovnebis sicocxles, romelsac daRupva
ar emuqreboda. es is SemTxvevaa, roca xelyofil da gadarCenil
sikeTeTa Soris arsebobs raodenobrivi sxvaoba ise, rom
gadarCenili adamianebi raodenobrivad aSkarad metia, vidre maT
gadasarCenad xelyofis Sedegad gardacvlili an dazianebuli”. 163
,,ufro mcire raodenobis adamianTa mokvdileba gacilebiT
meti adamianis sicocxlis gadarCenis mizniT”,164 warmoadgens
sicocxlis kvantitatiur ukidures aucileblobas, rac Tavis
mxriv, aris sapatiebeli ukiduresi aucilebloba farTo gagebiT.
,,nacionalistur germaniaSi 1939 wlidan ganxorcielebuli
e.w. samedicino evTanaziis SemTxvevebis dros, hitleris brZanebiT,
eqimebma sicocxle mouspes aTasobiT suliT avadmyofs, Tumca am
moqmedebiT imavdroulad SeZles gadaerCinaT sxva uamravi maTi
pacienti, romlebic am brZanebiT aseve mokvlas eqvemdebarebodnen.
eqimebs uari rom eTqvaT brZanebis Sesrulebaze, maSin isini
160
161
397.
162
iqve, 252.
163
iqve, 489.
164
iqve, 486.
50
Seicvlebodnen ufro morCili iseTi eqimebiT, romlebic yvela
avadmyofs mouspobdnen sicocxles, visac ki brZaneba exeboda”.165
hans velcelis azriT, ,,samarTals ar SeuZlia amisTvis maTi
braleuli gakicxva, radgan ufro mcire umarTlobis CadeniT,
SeZles mZime umarTlobis aRkveTa”.166 ,,roqsini aRniSnavs, rom
eqimebis ,,evTanaziis” brZaneba aris iseTi SemTxveva, romelic
samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos pirobebSi ar ganmeordeba, ris gamoc
aseTi qmedebis sayovelTao Semwynareblobas ar uWers mxars,
radgan samarTlebriv usafrTxoebas xelyofs”.167
TinaTin wereTeli msgavs SemTxvevebs marTlwinaaRmdegobis
gamomricxvel garemoebad miiCnevs. misi azriT, ,,sxva adamianisaTvis
sicocxlis mospoba SeiZleba CaiTvalos ukiduresi aucileblobis
mdgomareobaSi Cadenilad mxolod maSin, rodesac es aucilebeli
iyo mravali adamianis sicocxlis gadarCenad”.168
merab turava aRniSnavs, rom ,,mxolod raodenobidan
gamomdinare, dauSvebelia, sapatiebel garemoebad CaiTvalos
adamianTa sicocxlis sxva iseTi adamianis sicocxlis xarjze
gadarCena, romelsac araviTari safrTxe ar emuqreboda.
sisxlissamarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT, erTi adamianis sicocxle
mravali adamianis sicocxlis tolfasia, ris gamoc, SeiZleba
saubari iyos mxolod sasjelis Semsubuqebaze”.169
dasaxelebul SemTxvevaSi realuri safrTxe emuqreboda
rogorc gadarCenil, ise moklul suliT avadmyofTa sicocxles,
radgan brZanebis mixedviT, yvela eqvemdebareboda daxocvas.
hitleris reJims Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, sarwmunoa mosazreba, rom
Tuki eqimebi brZanebas ar Seasrulebdnen, maTi sicocxlec
safrTxis qveS dadgeboda da maTac iseve gauswordebodnen,
rogorc yvela im pacients, romlis gadarCenac eqimebma SeZles. e.i.
adgili hqonda SemTxvevas, roca safrTxe yvelas emuqreboda da ar
momxdara adamianTa sicocxlis gadarCena sxva adamianTa xarjze,
romelTac safrTxe ar emuqrebodaT.
ver gaviziareb h. velcelis azrs umarTlobis Taobaze. ar
SeiZleba mcire umarTlobad CaiTvalos Tundac erTi adamianis
sicocxlis gawirva Tundac uamravi adamianis sicocxlis
gadasarCenad maSin, roca gawirul sicocxles safrTxe ar
emuqreboda, vinaidan sicocxle uzenaesi, unacvalgebo sikeTea,
romelic raodenobrivi kriteriumiT ar unda ganisazRvrebodes.
igive argumentiT ver daveTanxmebi aseve T. wereTlis mosazrebas.
sruliad viziareb mocemul sakiTxze roqsinisa da m. turavas
Sefasebebs, vinaidan obieqturad marTlac ar arsebobs imis SiSis
safuZveli, rom Tanamedrove msoflioSi SeiZleba arsebobdes
hitleris brZanebis analogiuri SemTxveva da misi Sesrulebis
gardauvali valdebuleba, Tumca amas aranairi gadamwyveti
165
486.
166
iqve, 487.
167
iqve, 487.
168
iqve, 491.
169
iqve, 490.
51
mniSvneloba ar aqvs im eqimTa qmedebis SefasebisaTvis, romlebmac
gadaarCines avadmyofTa nawilis sicocxle. dRevandeli viTareba
ver Secvlis maSindeli viTarebis arss da Tuki dRes eqimebs
msgavsi brZanebis Sesruleba ar mouxdebaT, ar gvaZlevs maSindeli
eqimebis qmedebis gakicxvis uflebas.
mimaCnia, rom danaSaulia, Tundac erTi udanaSaulo adamianis
sicocxlis mospoba, Tundac uamravi adamianis sicocxlis
gadarCenis sanacvlod. Tuki msgavs qmedebas gamarTlebas
movuZebniT, maSin sicocxlis, rogorc uzenaesi Rirebulebis
mniSvneloba gaufasurdeba da igi veRar iqneba moxseniebuli
rogorc uzenaesi Rirebuleba. aseTi qmedeba unda CaiTvalos
braleulad da gaTvalisiwnebul iqnas rogorc pasuxismgeblobis
Semamsubuqebeli garemoeba, Tumca gansaxilvel SemTxvevaSi adgili
hqonda adamianTa sicocxlis mospobas ufro meti sicocxlis
gadarCenis mizniT maSin, roca realuri da gardauvali safrTxe
erTnairad emuqreboda rogorc mospobil, ise gadarCenil
sicocxles. swored amitom eqimTa qmedeba ganpirobebuli iyo
gamouvali mdgomareobiT, ra drosac maT SeZles, adamianTa didi
nawilis sicocxlis gadarCena.
evTanaziis niRbiT, romelic ayvanili iyo saxelmwifoebriv
doneze, xorcieldeboda masobrivi ganadgureba faSisturi reJimis
politikuri mowinaaRmdegeebisa _ ,,dabali rasis”
warmomadgenlebis, moxucebis, fsiqikurad avadmyofTa da
invalidebis, e.i. adamianTa masobrivi ganadgureba politikuri,
rasistuli, ekonomikuri da evgenikuri motivebiT. es qmedebebi
saerTaSoriso samxedro tribunalma samarTlianad
daakvalificira, rogorc adamianurobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli
danaSauli. igi verc erTi parametriT ver jdeba evTanaziis
Tanamedrove cnebaSi, romlis legalizaciaze dRes mTeli
msoflio msjelobs.170
dResdReobiT germaniis kanonmdebloba dasjadad acxadebs
aqtiur evTanazias. germaniaSi pacients exmarebian tkivilis
gayuCebaSi, mas aqvs SesaZlebloba ,,Rirseulad sikvdilisa“, Tumca
evTanazia akrZalulia. germaniis kanonmeblobaSi evTanazia, anu
mkvleloba msxverplis TxovniT calke muxlad aris gamoyofili
da sakmaod detalurad aris mowesrigebuli.171 saqarTvelos
kanonmdebloba evTanaziasTan dakavSirebiT yvelaze metad
germanuls hgavs.
germaniis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis mixedviT, danaSaulad
iTvleba, Tuki momakvdavis TxovniT, eqimi aqtiuri CareviT,
,,aTavisuflebs“ mas tanjvisagan. amis erT-erTi mizezi
nacionalizmis wlebis gamocdilebaa. maSin aTiaTasobiT germaneli,
romelTac Tandayolili gonebrivi da fizikuri nakli
aReniSnebodaT, saxelmwifo programis _ ,,eris genofondis
gajanmrTeleba“ msxverpli gaxda. mas Semdeg ,,mowyalebis gaRebis
170
171
ix. Уголовное право зарубежних стран, обшая частъ, 2003, 256-257.
52
mizniT“ mkvleloba mWidrod daukavSirda TeTrxalaTiani
nacistebis TviTnebobas, romlebsac miaCndaT, rom Tavad hqondaT
imis gadawyvetis ufleba, Tu vis unda ecocxla da vis ara.172
,,germaniaSi pacients exmarebian tkivilis gayuCebaSi, Tumca
evTanazia akrZalulia. germaniis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 216-e
muxli, mkveleloba msxverplis TxovniT, gansazRvravs: ,,vinc klavs
pirs misive kategoriuli da daJinebuli Txovnis safuZvelze
dazaralebulis mxridan, gamoasalmos sicocxles, isjeba
Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT 6 Tvidan 5 wlamde“. normidan Cans, rom
evTanazia naklebad mZime danaSauladaa aRiarebuli“.173 miuxedavad
kanonis am moTxovnisa, 2008 wlis 12 dekembers 30 wlis moqalaqe
stefan dufori sasamarTlom udanaSaulod scno Tavisi biZis
mimarT ganxorcielebul evTanaziaSi. sasamarTlo procesze
duforma ganacxada, rom misi qmedeba biZis daJinebuli TxovniT
iyo provocirebuli, radgan man ver gauZlo, ramdenime Tvis
manZilze, biZis daJinebul mudaras, daxmareboda mas
TviTmkvlelobaSi.174 aRniSnuli metyvelebs, rom germaniaSi
evTanaziis mimarT TandaTan loialuri damokidebuleba yalibdeba
da sasamarTloc da sazogadoebac qmedebis Camdenis mimarT
SedarebiT Semwynarebeli xdeba.
rodesac eqimi Tavis Tavze iRebs pacientis mkurnalobas, igi
valdebulia, yvelaferi gaakeTos, rac maszea damokidebuli, raTa
SeinarCunos pacientis sicocxle, igi valdebulia imoqmedos
maSinac, rodesac sicocxlis ganmaxangrZlivebelma RonisZiebebma
SeiZleba ver SeunarCunos sicocxle da janmrTeloba pacients. im
SemTxvevaSi, rodesac pacients gaTviTcnobierebuli aqvs Tavisi
daavadebis ganviTarebis konkretuli aspeqtebi da Segnebuli aqvs,
rom operaciis gakeTeba an Terapia mas veRar uSvelis, mas SeuZlia,
eqims auwyos Terapiis Sewyvetis Taobaze. germaniis kanonmdeblobis
mixedviT, aseTi SemTxveva samarTlebriv Sedegs ar warmoSobs. Tu
mkurnalobis Sewyveta pacientis nebis Sesabamisad mimdinareobs,
maSin aq saqme gvaqvs pozitiur qmedebasTan. rogorc aRvniSneT,
aseTi qmedeba ar warmoSobs mniSvnelovan samarTlebriv Sedegs,
radgan igi pacientis samarTlebrivi TviTgamorkvevis uflebas
ukavSirdeba, kerZod, dakavSirebulia pirovnebis Tavisufali
mkurnalobis uflebasTan. 175
roca Terapiis Sewyvetaze Tanxmobas acxadebs mZime
tkivilebiT gatanjuli adamiani, maSin pacientis mxridan mxolod
nebis gamoxatva ar aris sakmarisi eqimisTvis, raTa man Txovna
daakmayofilos. garda nebis gamoxatvisa, unda arsebobdes
werilobiTi formiT axsna-ganmarteba am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT,
romelic TviT pacientma unda daweros. es gancxadeba erTgvari
172
ix. Scott Denham, Stories of Euthanasia in Germany, Issues in integrative Studies, No. 18, pp., 7-15
(2000), 7.
173
Уголовное право зарубежних стран, обшая частъ, 2003, 262.
174
ix. www.alexschadenberg.blogspot.com/2008/12/stephan-dufour-found-not-guilty-in-alma.html,
25.03.2011.
175ix. The cultural context of patient’s autonomy and doctor’s duty: passive euthanasia and advance
directives in Germany and Israel,

53
damcavi saSualebaa eqimisaTvis, romelic pacients Terapias
uwyvets. es gansakuTrebuli wesi exeba mxolod im avadmyofebs,
romlebic itanjebian tkivilebiT da axsna-ganmartebis micemis
aucilebloba swored imaSi mdgomareobs, raTa tkivilebiT
gatanjuli avadmyofis Tanxmoba Terapiis Sewyvetaze ar iyos cru
an/da iZulebiTi.176Kkanonis es moTxovna ki gamoricxavs Zlieri
tkivilis procesSi moTxovnis werilobiTi saxiT gamoxatvas.
germaniaSi aqtiuri evTanazia akrZalulia _ es imperatiulad
aris dadgenili da jer-jerobiT am normis Secvlas ar apireben.
,,germaniis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis Tanaxmad, sasjeli
gaTvaliswinebulia mxolod aqtiuri evTanaziisTvis. pasiuri
evTanazia germaniis kanonmdeblobiT danaSaulad aRar aris
miCneuli“,177 xolo aqtiuri evTanaziis mcdelobac dasjadia, rac
imiT aixsneba, rom germanias ukve hqonda gaumarTlebeli
,,eqsperimenti“ evTanaziasTan dakavSirebiT, ramac sruli kraxi
ganicada da rasac mravali adamianis sicocxle Seewira (saubaria
nacistebis ,,evTanaziis programaze“, romelic adamianTa umowyalo
xocva-Jletas warmoadgenda). germaniis swored am Savi laqiT
aixsneba kanonmdeblis aseTi kategoriuloba, Tumca arc
germaniaSia sakiTxi calsaxad gadawyvetili da es Semdegi
garemoebebidan gamomdinareobs, kerZod: germaniis kanonmdeblobiT
piri, romelic daexmareba sxva pirs sicocxlis moswrafebaSi ise,
rom aranairi angareba ar amoZravebs _ ar daisjeba. germaniaSi
ufro evTanaziis cnebis eSiniaT, vidre TviT evTanaziis.178
2.1.4. evTanazia didi britaneTis kanonmdeblobis

mixedviT
did britaneTSi evTanaziis legalizaciis problema XIX

saukunidan warmoiSva, magram am problemis Sesaxeb ZiriTadi
warmodgena XX saukunis dasawyisSi aRmocenda.
,,1935 wels, inglisSi Camoyalibda sxvadasxva sazogadoeba,
romelic mxars uWerda aqtiur evTanazias, Tumca, miuxedavad
aqtiuri mxardaWerisa, evTanaziis srulad dakanoneba ver
moxerxda”. 179
,,1936-1950 wlebSi inglisis sazogadoebam, romelic momxre iyo
nebayoflobiTi evTanaziisa, lordTa palataSi Seitana winadadeba
evTanaziis legalizaciis Taobaze. am winadadebam marcxi ganicada
da igi ar miiRes, magram 1969 wels, xangrZlivi diskusiebis Semdeg,
lordTa palataSi 60 xmis winaaRmdeg ukve 40 xma iyo momxre,
176
ix. The cultural context of patient’s autonomy and doctor’s duty: passive euthanasia and advance
directives in Germany and Israel,
177
Sengelia a., dasax. statia, 127.
178
ix. Scott Denham, Stories of Euthanasia in Germany, Issues in integrative Studies, No. 18, pp., 7-15
(2000), 13.
179Sengelia a., dasax. statia, 125.
54
mieRoT kanoni evTanaziis dakanonebis Sesaxeb“.180 miuxedavad imisa,
rom kanoni inglisis parlamentma mainc ar miiRo, evTanaziis
legalizebis momxreni mainc kmayofilni darCnen, vinaidan
evTanaziis dekriminalizaciis sakiTxze saxelmwifo doneze daiwyo
diskusia da droTa ganmavlobaSi ideam sul ufro meti momxre
SeiZina.181
did pritaneTSi evTanazia gagebulia, rogorc konkretuli
individis mier ganxorcielebuli letaluri mkurnalobis aqti
meore individis mimarT, mimarTuli am ukanasknelis sicocxlis
dasrulebisken.182 samarTalmcodneTa umravlesoba da sazogadoebis
didi nawili emxroba mosazrebas, rom im SemTxvevaSi, roca
Sembralebluri motivi aiZulebs da iwvevs eqimis gadawyvetilebas,
daasrulos pacientis sicocxle, es ar jdeba mkvlelobis
legalur klasifikaciaSi.183
didi britaneTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsma evTanazias
calke muxli ar dauTmo da evTanazia ganixileba rogorc
Cveulebrivi ganzraxi mkvleloba.184
did britaneTSi 1935 wels nebayoflobiTi evTanaziis
sazogadoeba daarsda da gaerTianebul samefoSi warmoadgenda
wamyvan kvleviT organizacias sikvdilSi daxmarebis sakiTxebze im
mimarTebiT, rom ganukurnebel an momakvdav avadmyofs, msgavsi
survilis SemTxvevaSi, miscemoda RirsebiT sikvdilis ufleba.
organizaciis mesveurTa mtkicebiT, mouqnelia samarTlebrivi
sistema, romelic aiZulebs ganukurnebel avadmyofs, itanjebodes
umZimesi tkivilisagan da gauZlos gaxangrZlivebuli sikvdilis
process sakuTari nebis sawinaaRmdegod. maT moiyvanes mizezebi, Tu
ratom iTxovdnen pirebi sikvdilSi daxmarebis aRmoCenas
(magaliTad, autaneli da sastiki tkivilebi, sikvdilis procesis
molodiniT gamowveuli daRliloba, piradi avtonomiis dakargva).
maTi gancxadebiT, gamayuCebeli mkurnaloba ver pasuxobda yvela
pacientis moTxovnas da ver agvarebda iseT problemebs, rogoricaa
piradi avtonomiis an organos nawilebze funqciuri kontrolis
dakargva. isini amtkicebdnen, rom, evropis sxva qveynebTan
SedarebiT, inglissa da uelsSi arsebuli sistema, romelic
absoluturi formiT krZalavda sikvdilis dadgomaSi daxmarebas,
evropaSi yvelaze mouqneli da SemzRudveli iyo.185
180
qardava e., dasax. statia, 61.
181
ix. iqve, 61.
182
ix. Suzanne Ost, Journal (J.) of Civil Liberties Vol.5.issue2, Conceptions of the euthanasia
phenomenon: a comparative discussion of the Law, individual rights and morality within three
jurisdictions,
www.heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/jcivl5&div=21&collection=journals&set_as_cursor
=29&men_tab=srchresults&terms=(euthanasia)&type=matchall#167, 09.06.2011.
183
ix. iqve,
184
ix. Smith A. M., Euthanasia: the law in the United Kingdom, 1996, 335.
185
ix. sicocxlis ufleba, saqarTvelos iuristTa asociacia, V _ sicocxlis
ufleba da evTanazia, friTi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, Tb., 2008, 147.
55
aRniSnulis sapirispirod inglisisa da uelsis kaTolike
episkoposTa konferenciam warmoadgina principebi da argumentebi,
romlebic Seesabameboda sxva kaTolike episkoposTa mier
konferenciaze gakeTebul gancxadebebs sxvadasxva wevr
saxelmwifoSi. organizacia xazgasmiT aRniSnavs Semdegs _ adamians
sicocxle mieniWa RvTisgan. nebismieri qmedeba, romelic miznad
isaxavs, sicocxles gamoasalmos sakuTari Tavi an sxva adamiani,
Tundac Tanxmobis pirobebSi, asaxavs adamianis Rirebulebis
damazianebel gaugebrobas. TviTmkvleloba da Sesabamisad
evTanazia, adamianis tanjvasa da sikvdilTan brZolis miuRebeli
formaa.186
did britaneTSi yuradRebis centrSi moeqca erTi SemTxveva,
rodesac eqimebma sasamarTlos mimarTes TxovniT, neba daerTo
aRar gaegrZelebinaT 11 Tvis pacienti gogonas mkurnaloba.
gogona naadrevad, orsulobis 26-e kviras daibada, naxevar
kilogramze cotaTi mets iwonida, sigrZeSi ki 12 santimetrs Zlivs
aRwevda.Ggogonas yvelaze metad respiratoruli sindromi
awuxebda, rac filtvebis normaluri funqcionirebis uunarobas
gulisxmobs.Ppacienti inkubatorSi imyofeboda da Jangbads
xelovnurad awvdidnen, miuxedavad amisa, gogonas sunTqva 5-jer
gauCerda.187
eqimebma sasamarTlos sTxoves, maTTvis neba mieca, ar
moexdinaT gogonas reanimacia sunTqvis meeqvsed gaCerebis
SemTxvevaSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom eqimebis moTxovnas pacientis
mSoblebi kategoriulad ar eTanxmebodnen, sasamarTlom sarCeli
daakmayofila.188
aRniSnuli faqti sazogadoebis gansjis sagnad iqca. zogi
miiCnevda, rom mocemul SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlom eqimebs
praqtikulad gogonas evTanaziis ufleba misca da Tavisi
gadawyvetilebiT sasamarTlom daadastura, rom problema
arsebobs, misi mogvareba aucilebelia da Tuki sisxlis samarTali
amas ver uzrunvelyofs, maSin sxva berketebi amoqmeddeba.189
miuxedavad msgavsi daskvnebis gakeTebisa, faqtia, rom
mocemul SemTxvevaSi adgili ar hqonia aqtiur evTanazias. gogonas
sikvdili bunebrivad dadga, mis mimarT samedicino daxmareba
gaweuli iyo, igi Jangbads xelovnurad iRebda, magram miuxedavad
amisa, fizikuri sisustis gamo, mas guli TavisiT uCerdeboda.
eqimebma sasamarTlosgan mxolod imis ufleba miiRes, rom aRar
moexdinaT gogonas reanimacia, Tuki mas guli kvlav gauCerdeboda,
rac srulebiT ar niSnavs aqtiur evTanazias, saxezea sicocxlis
SenarCunebis uSedego mcdelobebis Sewyveta, roca pacienti
fizikurad arasrulyofilia, rac mas bunebrivad uspobs
gadarCenis SesaZleblobas.
186
ix. sicocxlis ufleba, saqarTvelos iuristTa asociacia, V _ sicocxlis
ufleba da evTanazia, friTi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, Tb., 2008, 148-149.
187
ix. Уголовное право зарубежних стран, обшая част, м., 2003, 258.
188
ix. iqve, 258-259.
189
ix. iqve, 258-259.
56
did britaneTSi 2000 wels gamocemul iqna jandacvis
saministros mkacri wesebi, romlebic Seexeba pacientis mier
reanimaciaze uaris Tqmas, roca eqimi ar aris valdebuli, aamuSaos
misi guli an aRadginos misi sunTqva klinikuri sikvdilis
dadgomis SemTxvevaSi. es keTdeba imisTvis, rom pacienti aRar
Seawuxos gausaZlisma tkivilebma da rogorc wesi, gamoiyeneba
ganukurneblebis mimarT, maTive TanxmobiT.190 eqims SeuZlia iyos
umoqmedod, Tu pacientis neba dadasturebulia dokumentiT, Tu
pacients aranairi Sansi ar aqvs reanimaciis warmatebaze da Tu
pacientis sicocxle reanimaciis Semdeg wameba iqneba. e.i. evTanazia
didi britaneTSi akrZalulia, Tumca daSvebulia gamonaklisi, rac
gulisxmobs, rom qveyana cnobs pasiur evTanazias.191 inglisi,
rogorc msoflios qveyanaTa umravlesoba, aqtiuri evTanaziis
kriminalizacias axdens, xolo pasiur evTanazias daSvebulad
acxadebs.
2.1.5. evTanazia italiis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT
,,kaTolikur italiaSi sityva ,,evTanazia“ popularuli ar aris,

Tumca, diskusiebi am Temaze aqtiurad mimdinareobs rogorc
samedicino, ise sazogadoebriv wreebSi“.192
romis kaTolikuri eklesiis pozicia evTanaziis Sesaxeb
eyrdnoba kaTolizmis ramdenime mTavar kanons, romelic moicavs
adamianis sicocxlis siwmindes, adamianis Rirsebas, adamianis
ganuyrel uflebebs, sikvdilis gardauvalobas da TanagrZnobis
(mowyalebis) mniSvnelobas. eklesiis oficialuri pozicia aisaxa
1980 wels gamocemul deklaraciaSi evTanaziis Sesaxeb. aRniSnul
deklaraciaSi naTqvamia ,,...rodesac gardauvali sikvdili
moaxloebulia... nebadarTulia miRebul iqnas iseTi
gadawyvetileba, romelic uaryofs mkurnalobas, romelic mxolod
gamoiwvevs sarisko da mZime sicocxlis gaxangrZlivebas...“
deklaraciis mixedviT, eqimebi valdebulni arian samedicino
TvalsazrisiT daxmarebis garda, uzrunvelyon pacientebi
,,usazRvro sikeTiTa“ da ,,guliTadi mowyalebiT“.193
,,ramdenime wlis win turinSi Catarebuli evTanaziis
problemebisadmi miZRvnili simpoziumis monawile iuristebma
SeimuSaves sakamaTod saintereso dokumentis _ ,,biologiuri
anderZi“ proeqti, romlis mixedviTac, misi xelmowera SeeZloT
ganukurnebeli seniT daavadebul pacientebs. is aTavisuflebda
iuridiuli pasuxismgeblobisgan im medpersonals, romelic
190
ix. gociriZe e., statia, sicocxlis dasawyisi da dasasruli: fetusisa da
sistemebi, korkelia k. (red.), Tb., 2007, 51-52.
191ix. www. moznostvolby.sk/right to life and security of the person/dvr, 04.11.2010.
192
193
Sengelia a., dasax. statia, 130-131.
57
avadmyofebs ,,tkbil sikvdilSi“ daexmareboda. simpoziumis
monawileni xazs usvamdnen, rom evTanazia unda ganixilos, rogorc
adamianis fundamenturi ufleba. Seiqmna komiteti, romelsac
Sesabamisi kanonproeqti unda SeemuSavebina da gansaxilvelad
waredgina italiis parlamentisTvis, magram am ideam italiaSi
mxardaWera ver hpova. amis mizezia is Seurigebeli poziciaa,
romelic evTanaziis sakiTxebSi kaTolikur eklesias uWiravs“194.
romis papma, ioane pavle meorem Tavis droze namdvili
jvarosnuli omi gamoucxada evTanazias. ,,prezidentis da sxva
umaRlesi Cinovnikebisadmi mimarTvaSi papma misTvis uCveulod
mwvave formiT mosTxova xelisuflebas, mieRo zomebi ojaxis
dasacavad, abortebis da evTanaziis asakrZalad. amasTan, man
gaafrTxila xelisufleba, rom evTanaziis legalizaciis
nebismieri forma dauSvebelia“. 195 papma mouwoda eklesiis
msaxurebs, yvela saSualebiT ibrZolon evTanaziisa da
TviTmkvlelobaSi daxmarebis winaaRmdeg. ,,vinc pativs ar scems
sicocxles, gansakuTrebiT ki mis sisusteebs, unda SegaxseenoT,
rom is RvTis boZebulia da misi dacva yvelas movaleobaa“, _ Tqva
papma da xazi gausva, rom es valdebuleba gansakuTrebiT exeba
samedicino sferos muSakebs, romelTac hipokrates fici aqvT
dadebuli“.196
1889 wlis mdgomareobiT italiis sisxlis samarTali
evTanazias ganixilavda rogorc mkvlelobas. 1930 wlis
mdgomareobiT italiis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 579-e muxliT
evTanaziisTvis gaTvaliswinebuli iyo sasjeli _ Tavisuflebis
aRkveTa 6-da 15 wlamde.197
italiis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi evTanaziis
sakanonmdeblo definicia ar arsebobs. evTanaziis aqti SeiZleba
Sefasdes rogorc mkvleloba (italiis ssk-is 575-e muxli),
mkvleloba piris (dazaralebulis) TanxmobiT (ssk-is 579-e muxli)
an TviTmkvlelobaSi daxmareba (ssk-is 580-e muxli).198
italiis kanonmdeblobiT aqtiuri evTanazia akrZalulia da
am akrZalvis gauqmebas jer-jerobiT parlamenti ar apirebs,
vinaidan evTanazias, rogorc aqtiurs, ise pasiurs italiaSi
Zlieri mowinaaRmdege hyavs _ italiis kaTolikuri eklesia. rac
Seexeba pasiur evTanazias, es ufleba italiaSi aRiarebulia,
pacients ufleba aqvs, uari ganacxados nebismieri saxis, maT
Soris sicocxlis SemanarCunebel mkurnalobaze.199
194
195
iqve, 34-35.
196
iqve, 35.
197
ix. www.eubios.info/EJ112/EJ112F.htm, laws on euthanasia, 20.06.2011.
198
ix. Amedeo Santosuosso, END OF LIFE DECISIONS IN ITALY AND IN EUROPE, 41,
www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/law/st_org/lrp/santosuosso0607.pdf, 21.06.2011.
199
ix. www.news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7322520.stm#italy, 24.11.2011.
58
1980 wlidan italiis precedentulma samarTalma scno
ufleba mkurnalobis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb, rac italiis
konstituciis 32-e muxlSic aisaxa. 200
Zalian sainteresoa SemTxveva, romelmac italiis mTeli
sazogadoebis yuradReba miipyro. 1992 wels 21 wlis eluana
englaro (dabadebuli 25.11.1970w.) avtoavariis Sedegad, komaSi
Cavarda da mas xelovnurad kvebavdnen. miuxedavad imisa, rom
eluanas mdgomareoba uimedo iyo, misi diagnozi gamoricxavda
pacientis Zlieri fizikuri tkivilebisgan tanjvas. gogonas mamam,
bepino englarom avariidan maleve iTxova SvilisTvis
medikamentebisa da sakvebis miwodebis Sewyveta, raTa igi bunebrivi
sikvdiliT momkvdariyo, Tumca uSedegod. mamam Svilis ,,sikvdilis
uflebisTvis” aqtiuri brZola daiwyo, rac 2009 wlamde gagrZelda.
1999, 2005 da 2007 wlebSi eluanas mamam sasamarTlo procesebi
zedized waago. mamis motivacia Tavad eluanas survili iyo.
avtoavariamde erTi wliT adre, eluanas megobari (biWi) avariaSi
moyva, eluanas megobrebis TqmiT, eluanam maT uTxra, rom mTeli
Rame loculobda, raTa biWi mSvidad da uwvaleblad
gardacvliliyo, vidre ugonod da umiznod ecocxla mis umoqmedo
sxeuls. mogvianebiT eluanam mSoblebs piroba daadebina, rom
msgavsi ram Tu daemarTeboda, misTvis ar daekisrebinaT uazro
sicocxlis valdebuleba da bunebrivi sikvdilis ufleba miecaT.201
monazvnebma, romlebic eluanas 1994 wlidan patronobdnen,
mamas ganucxades, rom gogona daeviwyebina da misi bedi maTTvis
miendo, vinaidan mama Svils mkvdrad aRiqvamda maSin, roca
monazvnebi eluanas cocxlad Tvlidnen.202
2008 wlis 13 noembers italiis uzenaesma sasamarTlom
eluanas mamas ufleba misca, SvilisTvis xelovnuri kveba
Seewyvita, rac pasiuri evTanaziis (mkurnalobisa da kvebis
Sewyvetis gziT) uflebiT daasabuTa. sasamarTlom momCivans
xelovnuri kvebis Sewyvetis ufleba imitom misca, rom eluanas
sicocxle damokidebuli iyo ara medikamentebis, aramed metwilad
sakvebis miwodebaze. am gadawyvetilebam romis kaTolikuri
eklesiis risxva da kritika daimsaxura.203
2009 wlis 2 Tebervals eluanas xelovnuri kvebis mili
amouRes da sakvebisa da medikamentebis miwodeba Seuwyvites. 2009
wlis 6 Tebervals eluana englaro 38 wlis asakSi gardaicvala.
autofsiis daskniT, sikvdili sakvebis miwodebis Sewyvetam
gamoiwvia. autofsiam (gvamis gakveTam) aseve aCvena, rom eluanas
tvini dazianebuli iyo aRdgenis SesaZleblobis gareSe, rasac
samedicino enaze nervuli ujredebis gabneuli dazianeba ewodeba.
aseve dadginda, rom eluanas filtvebi gadagvarebuli hqonda.204
200
ix. Amedeo Santosuosso, END OF LIFE DECISIONS IN ITALY AND IN EUROPE, 46-47,
www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/law/st_org/lrp/santosuosso0607.pdf, 21.06.2011.
201
ix. www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eluana_Englaro, 24.11.2011.
202
ix. iqve.
203
ix. iqve.
204
ix. iqve.
59
,,eluanas gardacvalebam italiaSi didi xmauri gamoiwvia.
sxvadasxva rangis Tanamdebobis pirebi, samedicino muSakebi,
eklesiis msaxurni da ubralo moqalaqeebi sxvadasxva mosazrebebs
gamoxatavdnen momxdaris gamo. romis maSindelma merma, jani
alemanom ganacxada: ,,es iyo sicocxle, romelic unda
gadagverCina”, bioeTikosma iakob apelma ganacxada: ,,mowyalebiT
TavSekaveba, mowyalebiTi gulgrilobaa” da sinanuli gamoxata, rom
ojaxi iZulebuli iyo 17 weli dalodeboda, raTa Svilis survili
Seesrulebina. romis papis mrCevelma, enio cardinal antonelma ki
ganacxada, rom eluanas Rirseulad unda mopyrobodnen da ara ise,
TiTqos igi ,,bostneuli” yofiliyo“.205
italiis premier ministrma, silvio berluskonim
sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba gaakritika da sajarod ganacxada _
,,eluana bunebrivi sikvdiliT ar momkvdara, is mokles!”,206 Tumca
italiis prezidentma mas mxari ar dauWira da ganacxada, rom
italiis uzenaesi sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba damorCilebas da
pativiscemas imsaxurebda.207
evTanaziis mowinaaRmdegeni acxadebdnen, rom eluana
bunebrivze adre, kvebis Sewyvetidan 4 dReSi gardaicvala,
eqspertTa nawili ki acxadebda, rom sakvebis miuwodeblobis gamo
sikvdilis dadgomas 2 kvira mainc dasWirdeboda, Tumca es
mosazreba maT verafriT daadastures. evTanaziis mowinaaRmdegeebma
saprotesto aqciebis moawyves da ganacxades, rom eluanas
bunebrivi sikvdilic ar acales da mas sasikvdilo ineqcia
gaukeTes, mis mimarT aqtiuri evTanazia gamoiyenes. maT arc is
daviwyebiaT, rom eluanas daavadeba Zlier fizikur tanjvasTan ar
iyo dakavSirebuli. miuxedavad amisa, sazogadoebis didi nawilis
miiCnevda, rom 17 wliani komis Sedegad pacientis organizmi
gamofituli iyo, Sesabamisad, bunebrivad miiCnies misi 4 dReSi
gardacvaleba. isini acxadebdnen, rom eluanam mSvidi sikvdili
daimsaxura da sikvdili saukeTeso gamosavali iyo maSin, roca
arafris gakeTeba aRar SeiZleboda.208
mimaCnia, rom mocemul SemTxvevaSi, vinaidan sakiTxma udidesi
rezonansi gamoiwvia da sazogadoeba orad gaiyo, saxelmwifos
unda aeRo pasuxismgebloba, eluanas gvamisTvis Caetarebina
eqspertiza da daedgina, iyo Tu ara saxeze aqtiuri evTanazia,
romlis dadgenis SemTxvevaSic, unda dawyebuliyo gamoZieba da ra
Tqma unda, damnaSaves pasuxi unda ego.
eluana englaros SemTxveva gansxvavebuli iyo evTanaziis
sxva SemTxvevebisgan, vinaidan saubari iyo 17 wlian komaze,
romelic ara mxolod mkurnalobis, aramed sakvebis miwodebis
SewyvetiT dasrulda. ufro metic, autofsiis daskniT dadginda,
rom swored sakvebis miwodebis Sewyvetam gamoiwvia pacientis
205
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eluana_Englaro, 24.11.2011.
206
www.news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7881441.stm, Italy seeks clarity on euthanasia, 24.11.2011.
207
ix. www.02varvara.wordpress.com/2009/02/11/italian-euthanasia-murder-or-an-act-of-mercy,
24.11.2011.
208
ix. www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eluana_Englaro, 24.11.2011.
60
sikvdili. italiis mTavrobis mmarTveli gundi acxadebda, rom
civilizebul qveyanaSi adamiani SimSiliT ar unda kvdebodes.209
italiis uzenaesma sasamarTlom Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi
pasiuri evTanaziis uflebaze miuTiTa, romlis ganxorcielebis
uflebac mamas gaaCnda.
iseve rogorc yvela sxva terminaluri pacienti, eluana
englaros arseboba damokidebuli iyo samedicino preparatebisa da
sakvebis miwodebaze (mocemul SemTxvevaSi sakvebis xelovnur
miwodebaze). pacientis mdgomareoba ukeTesobisken ar
progresirdeboda da misi mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis Teoriuli
SesaZleblobac ar arsebobda, Tumca evTanaziis uflebis
mopovebisTvis aRniSnuli mTavari rodia. marTalia, ugono
mdgomareobis gamo, evTanaziaze eluanas Tanxmobis miReba
SeuZlebeli iyo, Tumca mxolod aRniSnuli pirobis arseboba ar
iZleva evTanaziis gamoyenebis kanonier safuZvels.
eluana englaros mimarT saxeze ar yofila:
 pacientis autaneli fizikuri tkivilebi (vinaidan
eluanas diagnozi gamoricxavda pacientis Zlieri
fizikuri tkivilebisgan tanjvas);
 pacientis daJinebuli Txovna sicocxlis dasrulebis
Taobaze;
 mamis mxridan qaliSvilis mZime fizikuri tanjvisagan
gaTavisuflebis mizani;
 sikvdilis dadgoma samedicino mkurnalobis Sewyvetis
gziT.
ibadeba kiTxva _ ramdenad SeiZleba pasiur evTanaziad
CaiTvalos sakvebisa da medikamentebis miwodebis Sewyveta. es
TavisTavad imis eWvs badebs, rom eluanas gardacvaleba
damokidebuli iyo umetesad ara medikamentebis, aramed sakvebis
miuwodeblobaze, e.i. misi sicocxlis SemanarCunebeli saSualeba
iyo sakvebi da ara medikamentebi. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom
sazogadoeba da politikosebic sakvebis miuwodeblobaze
amaxvilebdnen yuradRebas.
xSirad avadmyofs sakvebis damoukideblad miReba ar SeuZlia.
Tuki eluanas SemTxvevas pasiur evTanaziad SevafasebT, gamodis,
rom Tuki sxva avadmyofsac ar mivcemT sakvebs, es mkvleloba ar
yofila.
mimaCnia, rom italiis uzenaesma sasamarTlom arasworad
miuTiTa medikamentebisa da sakvebis miwodebis SewyvetiT pasiuri
evTanaziis uflebaze im motiviT, rom pacienti 17 weli itanjeboda.
evTanaziis ganxorcielebisTvis mkurnalobis (Tundac uSedegosi)
xangrZlivobas aranairi mniSvneloba ar aqvs. eluana englaro
autanel fizikur tkivilebs ar ganicdida. sakvebi yvelasTvis
aucilebelia, janmrTelisTvisac da avadmyofisTvisac. sakvebi ar
aris mkurnalobis Semadgeneli nawili. pasiuri evTanazia
209
ix. www.02varvara.wordpress.com/2009/02/11/italian-euthanasia-murder-or-an-act-of-mercy,
24.11.2011.
61
gulisxmobs ukve mimdinare mkurnalobis Sewyvetas, mkurnaloba ki
medikamentebis miwodebaa da ara sakvebisa.
aseve ar arsebobda mamis mxridan qaliSvilis mZime fizikuri
tanjvisagan gaTavisuflebis mizani, vinaidan eluana ubralod aseT
tanjvas ar ganicdida, igi ganukurneli avadmyofi iyo, Tumca
sikvdilis msurveli. pasiuri evTanaziis moTxovnisTvis argumentad
ar gamodgeba is, rom pacientis mama avadmyofi Svilis yurebiT
daiRala.
2.2. qveynebi, sadac kanoniT nebadarTulia evTanazia
,,saxelmwifoTa umravlesobaSi, adamianis sicocxlis xelyofa

danaSaulad aris miCneuli miuxedavad misi Tanxmobisa. aqedan
gamomdinare, evTanazia bevr saxelmwifoSi mkvlelobad aris
aRiarebuli. Tumca, gansakuTrebuli pirobebis arsebobis gamo,
rogoric aris adamianis ukurnebeli seniT daavadebis faqti,
momakvdavi adamianis daJinebuli Txovna, mis mier gamoxatuli nebis
namdviloba da Zlieri fizikuri tkivilebisagan gaTavisuflebis
mizani, es danaSaulebrivi qmedebis privilegirebul Semadgenlobad
aris miCneuli“.210
aqtiuri evTanazia gansazRvrul farglebSi da mkacrad
dadgenili pirobebiT daSvebulia holandiaSi, amerikis SeerTebul
StatebSi (aSS), kerZod, oregonis StatSi, avstraliaSi, belgiaSi,
SveicariaSi, argentinaSi, kolumbiaSi, iaponiaSi.
,,im qveynebSi, sadac evTanazia daSvebulia, igi eqvemdebareba
mkacr sazogadoebriv da sasamarTlo kontrols. rogorc wesi,
mkacrad aris gansazRvruli eqimis mier evTanaziis ganxorcielebis
pirobebi“.211
,,amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi samoqalaqo omis Semdgom,
advokatebma da eqimebis nawilma kvlav daayena sakiTxi evTanaziis
mxardaWeris Sesaxeb“.212
1977 wels kaliforniis StatSi, mravalwliani ganxilvebis da
referendumis Sedegad, msoflioSi pirvelad iqna miRebul kanoni
Semdegi saxelwodebiT _ ,,adamianis ufleba sikvdilze”, romlis
Tanaxmadac, ganukurneli seniT daavadebul avadmyofs SeuZlia
gaaformos dokumenti eqimis aqtiuri CareviT sicocxlis
Sewyvetaze, Tumca aRniSnuli kanoniT dRemde aravis usargeblia,
vinaidan evTanaziis uflebis mosapoveblad, aucilebelia
fsiqiatris daskvna pacientis SeracxaobasTan dakavSirebiT,
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis fsiqiatrTa asociacia ki Tavis
wevrebs msgavs procedurebSi monawileobas da aseTi tipis
daskvnebis gacemas ukrZalavs. amasTan, evTanaziis aqtis
210
211
212
62
ganxorcielebisas kanonis imperatiuli moTxovnaa, misi
ganxorcieleba eqimis mier, am sakiTxSic kategoriulia amerikis
medicinis asociacia, romelmac miiRo gadawyvetileba, wevr eqimebs
evTanaziaSi monawileoba aukrZalos Semdegi lozungis gamo: ,,eqimi
ar unda iyos jalaTi”.213
aSS-s oregonis StatSi evTanazia miCneul iqna rogorc
,,sikvdilis Rirseuli aqti“.214 am StatSi 1994 wlis noembris
kanoniT, nebadarTulia ,,TviTmkvleloba damswreTa TandaswrebiT”
ganukurnebeli seniT daavadebulTaTvis. mTavari piroba evTanaziis
ganxorcielebisa, aris pacientis mZime avadmyofoba, romelic
gardauvlad sikvdils iwvevs. mocemuli aqti Sedgeba im
SemTxvevaSi, rodesac pacients araumetes 6 Tvis sicocxle
darCenia da eqimis diagnozs sxva eqimic daadasturebs. amasTan,
pacientma Tavisi neba werilobiT unda daadasturos da unda
arsebobdes eqimTa daskvna misi fsiqikuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb.
pacientma 3 jer unda mimarTos eqims TviTmkvlelobis Sesaxeb
TxovniT, mesamed - werilobiT, da mowmeebis TandaswrebiT.
pirvel da meore Txovnas Soris unda gavides minimum 15 dRe, xolo
meore da mesame Txovnas Soris minimum 10 dRe. bolo momentSi
eqimma unda miuTiTos avadmyofs, rom mas SeuZlia uaryos Tavisi
gadawyvetileba. am pirobebis dacvis Semdeg, eqims SeuZlia
gaukeTos momakvdavs wamlis sasikvdilo doza. amasTan, unda
aRvniSnoT, rom Tavidan aRniSnulma kanonma TviT amerikaSi didi
mRelvareba gamoiwvia, rac namdvilad yuradsaRebi da
SemaSfoTebelia.215 oregonis Statis kanoniT, am qmedebas hqvia
,,TviTmkvleloba damswreTa TandaswrebiT“. mimaCnia, rom ufro
swori iqneboda SerCeuliyo Semdegi termini _ samedicino
TviTmkvleloba damswreTa TandaswrebiT, vinaidan aqtis
gansaxorcieleblad samedicino procedurebis gavla da eqimis
monawileoba savaldebuloa. TviTmkvleloba damswreTa
TandaswrebiT pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT ki ufro niSnavs, rom
adamiani sxvaTa TandaswrebiT axorcielebs TviTmkvlelobas da aq
eqimi da samedicino Cveneba araferSuaSia.
araerTi mcdeloba iyo sxva Statebis mxridanac, raTa maT
evTanaziis legalizeba moexdinaT, ase mag.: 1991 wlis ianvarSi
minesotas Statis saavadmyofom sasamarTlos mimarTa da
mkurnalobis Sewyvetis ufleba iTxova 87 wlisHhelga vanglis
mimarT, romelsac tvini hqonda dazianebuli. pacienti ZiriTadad
ugono mdgomareobaSi imyofeboda, Tumca gonze mosuls, araerTxel
daufiqsirebia, rom damxmare mkurnalobis Catareba surda, raSic
mas ojaxma erTmniSvnelovnad dauWira mxari. pacientisa da misi
ojaxis wevrebis amgvari gadawyvetilebis miuxedavad,
saavadmyofos pasuxismgebeli eqimebi avadmyofis mdgomareobas
gamousworeblad afasebdnen da miiCnevdnen, rom vinaidan
qalbatoni vanglis daavadebis progresirebis SeCereba SeuZlebeli
213
ix. Миллард Д.У., Проблема эвтаназии, Социальная и клиническая психиатрия, № 4, 1996, 101-
112.
214SeadareT (Sead.) www.experiencefestival.com/a/Euthanasia/id/1974119, 15.03.2010.
215
ix. sayvareliZe f., dasax. statia, 35-38.
63
iyo da igi tanjviT sikvdilisTvis iyo ganwiruli, umjobesi
iqneboda misi evTanazia. minesotas saavadmyofom sasamarTlo
procesi waago. aRniSnulis Taobaze bevri eqimi werda, rom es
SemTxveva pirveli mcdeloba iyo, Seeqmna precedenti, roca eqimebi
ewinaaRmdegebian pacientis survils, Tuki miiCneven, rom misi
sicocxlisunarianoba metismetad dabalia. msgavsi saqmeebi
jorjias, masaCusetisa da niu iorkis sasamarTloebSic
ganixileboda. 216
1946 wels amerikaSi, oregonis StatSi Seiqmna evTanaziis
sazogadoeba, romelmac warudgina sakanonmdeblo organoebs
kanonproeqti xelmowerili 1500 eqimisa da 54 pastoris
(protestantebis mRvdeli) mier, romelSic naTqvami iyo, rom 21
wlis asaks miRweul pirs, romelic daavadebulia ukurnebeli
seniT, ufleba aqvs moiTxovos mSvidi sikdili, xolo eqimebisa da
iuristebisagan Semdgarma komisiam unda gamoikvlios, SeiZleba Tu
ara am moTxovnis dakmayofileba.217 aseTive sazogadoebebi Seiqmna
inglisSi da isinic moiTxovdnen, rom jansaRi gonebis mqone
srulwlovan adamians, romelic metismetad itanjeba, neba daerTos
arCevani gaakeTos advil da mZime sikvdils Soris da am arCevanis
dros gamoiyenos samedicino saSualeba.218 erT-erT peticiaSi,
romelic evTanaziis momxreebma niu-iuorkis Statis xelisufalT
miarTves, ewera: „rodesac adamiani ukurnebeli daavadebis Sedegad
intensiur da xangrZliv tanjvas ganicdis, sicocxle misTvisac da
misi axloblebisTvisac yovelgvar fass kargavs. Cveni azriT,
sazogadoebam esoden gawamebul adamians unda misces sikvdilis
ufleba. amiT Cven adamianis mimarT iseTsave TanagrZnobas
gamoviCenT, rogorsac viCenT cxovelebis mimarT“.219
1976 wlis 11 ianvars nensi kruinlenis manqana gadatrialda
moyinul gzatkecilze. 25 wlis nensi gadmovarda manqanidan da
TaviT Cavarda TxrilSi. samedicino daxmareba movida sakmaod
swrafad imisaTvis, rom gadaerCinaT misi sicocxle, magram ara
imdenad swrafad, rom gadaerCinaT misi tvini. nensi kruinleni am
SemTxvevis Semdeg arasodes mosula gons. 7 wlis ganmavlobaSi igi
imyofeboda iseT mdgomareobaSi, romelsac uwodeben `mudmivi
zrdis~ (vegetaciis) mdgomareobas, igi sruliad ugonod iyo. misi
momvleli zogierTi medda acxadebs, rom nensis SeeZlo Sebruneba
im pirovnebisken, romelic mas esaubreboda, aseve acxadebdnen, rom
man ramdenjerme itira kidec. eqimebi ki amtkiceben, rom es mxolod
da mxolod refleqsuri xasiaTis pasuxi iyo. mis mkurnalobis
safasurs 130,000 aSS dolars wliurad saxelmwifo ixdida. eqimebis
varaudiT, mis gulsa da filtvebs kidev 30 weli SeeZloT muSaoba,
magram nensis mSoblebs surdaT misi aparatidan gamorTva, raTa mas
216
ix. www.pregnantpause.org/euth/whyin.htm/What's Wrong With Involuntary Euthanasia?/by David N.
O'Steen, Ph.D., and Burke J. Balch, J.D./ Posted 6 Sep 2000/Copyright 1995 by David O'Steen and Burke
Balch, 14.08.2011.
217
ix. www. euthanasia.com/ euthanasia essues in Netherlands, Belgium, Canada, Great Britain,Uunited
States, Colimbia Israel, html, 20.03.2011.
218
ix. iqve.
219
iqve.
64
mSvidad ganesvena. am TxovniT maT Seitanes TavianTi gancxadeba
uzenaes sasamarTloSi. 1983 wels kruinlenis mSoblebs niu jersis
uzenaesma sasamarTlom neba darTo gamoerToT igi respiratoridan.
es iyo pirveli SemTxveva niu jersis sasamarTlos istoriaSi,
roca pacientis mSoblebma pasiuri evTanaziis ufleba miiRes.220
,,1997 wels aSS-Si uzenaesma sasamarTlom daadgina, rom
oregonis Statis kanoni ,,eqimis daxmarebiT TviTmkvlelobis
akrZalvis Sesaxeb“, ar ewinaaRmdegeboda qveynis konstitucias,
Tumca imave gadawyvetilebidan gamomdinareobs, rom arc misi
daSvebaa konstituciis sawinaaRmdego. kaliforniisa da niu-iorkis
StatebSi, agreTve, samxreT afrikis respublikaSi momzadebulia
(1997-1999ww.) da dResac ganxilvis procesSia kanonproeqtebi
evTanaziis daSvebis Sesaxeb“.221
aSS-Si, oregonis StatSi, evTanaziis aqtis gamoyenebis
iuridiuli safuZvlebi unda daiyos obieqturad da subieqturad.
obieqturi safuZvlebia:
 roca adamiani daavadebulia sicocxlesTan
SeuTavsebeli seniT;
 avadmyofi ganicdis autanel fizikur da fsiqikur
tanjvas;
 eqimebis mier gamoyenebulia mkurnalobis yvela meTodi,
magram medicinis miRwevebi avadmyofs verafriT
exmareba.
subieqtur safuZvlebs ganekuTvneba:
 avadmyofma zustad icis avadmyofobis diagnozi, misi
ganviTarebis etapebi da saboloo rezultati;
 informirebulia Catarebuli mkurnalobis kursisa da
misi uSedegobis Sesaxeb;
 ganicdis autanel tkivilebs, romlebsac ver ayuCebs
veranairi wamali, anda ayuCebs, magram Zalian cota
xniT;
 daavadebisagan ganicdis fsiqologiur da fizikur
diskomforts;
 im mdgomareobaSi, romelSic pacienti imyofeba,
sikvdili mxolod Svebaa da tanjvisagan gaTavisufleba.
am bolo pirobis dasadgenad, aucilebelia eqimTa
komisiis gadawyvetileba, rom pacientis fizikuri
tkivilebi Znelad gasayuCebelia da igi tanjvas ganicdis,
Tumca im SemTxvevaSi, roca pacienti ukve veRar grZnobs
tkivilebs (aseTi iSviaTi SemTxvevebic arsebobs), aqtiuri
evTanaziis gamoyeneba ar daiSveba.222
220
ix. www.wrtl.org/legislation/courtcases/assistedsuicide.aspx/Nensi/case, 03.04.2010.
222
ix. Marshall, Crowned with Glory and Honor (Human Rights in the Biblical Tradition), Pandora Press
US, Telford, Pennsylvania, 2001, 29.
65
aRsaniSnavia, rom evTanaziis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia
mxolod gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi, yvela subieqturi da obieqturi
faqtoris arsebobisas. Txovna evTanaziaze unda modiodes Tavad
avadmyofisagan daavadebis periodSi. amasTan, aucilebelia, rom:
a) avadmyofi iTxovdes aqtiuri an pasiuri evTanaziis
gamoyenebas, rogorc sicocxlis xelovnurad Sewyvetis
saSualebas;
b) evTanaziis Sesaxeb Txovnas gamoTqvamdes saR azrze myofi,
sruli qmedunarianobiT;
g) Txovnas imeorebdes araerTgzis;
d) moqmedebdes nebiT da ara iZulebiT;
e) Txovnis mizezi unda iyos misi tkivilis gancda da ara
sxva faqtorebi. evTanaziis aqtis ganxorcielebaze uaris Tqma
SeiZleba nebismier dros.223
amerikis zogierT StatSi SesaZlebelia gancxadebis wardgena
evTanaziis uflebis gamoyenebaze, agreTve sasamarTlos wesiT
moTxovna mkurnalobis Sewyvetisa da Sesabamisad, pasiuri
evTanaziis gamoyeneba. 224
,,ukanasknel xans aSS-Si mkveTrad gaizarda calkeuli
sazogadoebrivi moZraobebis aqtiuroba, romlebic evTanaziis
legalizaciis dakanonebas moiTxoven. amerikaSi moqmedebs
sazogadoeba ,,xemloki“, romelic qveynis sxvadasxva StatebSi
kanonmdeblobis Secvlis agitacias eweva im mizniT, rom eqimebs
neba darTon, TviTmkvlelobis dros, daxmareba gauwion pacients.
sazogadoebas miznis miRwevaSi ori dabrkoleba uSlis xels _
amerikis samedicino asociacia, romelic kategoriulad ukrZalavs
eqimebs TviTmkvlelobisaTvis xelSewyobas da amerikis fsiqiatrTa
asociaciis analogiuri pozicia“.225
aSS-Si evTanaziis yvelaze gavrcelebuli meTodi
dResdReobiT pacientisTvis preparatis sasikvdilo dozis sakvebis
an sasmelis saxiT miwodebaa. aseve Zalian xSiria evTanaziis
ganxorcieleba pacientisTvis sakvebisa da siTxis miwodebis
SewyvetiT. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, pacienti SimSiliT kvdeba.
aRniSnuli pasiur evTanaziad aris miCneuli maSin, roca sxva
garemoebebSi msgavsi qmedeba ganzrax mkvlelobad iqneboda
miCneuli.226 bolo gamokiTxvebiT, amerikelTa 75% evTanaziis
momxrea.227
evTanazia zogadad mZime da Znelad Sesaguebeli aqtia, Tumca
sruliad miuReblad mimaCnia terminaluri pacientisTvis
sicocxlis dasrulebis mizniT, misTvis sakvebisa da siTxis
miwodebis Sewyveta. es Cveulebrivi martivi mkvleloba ufroa,
vidre romelime saxis evTanazia.
223
US, Telford, Pennsylvania, 2001, 29-30.
224
ix. iqve, 26.
225
226
227
ix. www.cureltd.blogspot.com/Life Matters, 14.08.2011.
66
2002 wlidan ,,momakvdavebs SveicariaSic ,,exmarebian“, aq
,,tkbili sikvdili“ afTiaqSic ki iyideba, Tumca receptiT da
mxolod qveynis moqalaqeebze“.228 evTanaziis ganxorcielebisTvis
daculi unda iyos kanoniT daTqmuli formalobebi. Sveicariis
ssk-is mixedviT, eqims ufleba aqvs, sasikvdilo ineqcia gaukeTos
avadmyofs, Tu pacienti axlosaa tanjviTa da wamebiT aRsavse
sikvdilTan.
,,SveicariaSi evTanaziis legalizacia gaxda imis mizezi, rom
gaizarda am qveyanaSi evTanaziis ganxorcielebis msurvelTa
raodenoba. adamianebi, romlebsac evTanaziis survili hqondaT,
Cadiodnen SveicariaSi, raTa sisruleSi moeyvanaT TavianTi
survili, aRniSnulma ki, mniSvnelovnad gazarda im klinikebis
Semosavali, romlebic evTanazias axorcielebdnen. amis gamo,
evTanazia SevicariaSi biznesis keTebis saSualebad iqca. aqedan
gamomdinare, Sveicariis federaluri sabWo gamovida evTanaziis
maregulirebeli kanonmdeblobis gamkacrebis iniciativiT. erT-
erTi cvlilebis Tanaxmad, evTanaziis ganmaxorcielebel pirs
daekisreboda sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba, Tu
garkveuli pirobebi ar iqneboda dakmayofilebuli. evTanaziis
msurvel pirs damoukideblad unda gamoexata survili, amis Semdeg,
mas mosafiqreblad garkveuli dro eZleoda. mas aseve unda
warmoedgina ori damoukidebeli samedicino eqspertis daskvna
janmrTelobis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, romelic daadasturebda, rom
daavadebis gankurneba SeuZlebeli iyo“.229
friad sayuradReboa, rom ,,2011 wlis maisSi SveicariaSi,
kerZod, ciurixSi Catarda referendumi evTanaziis akrZalvasTan
dakavSirebiT. referendumis Sedegad, mosaxleobis 85%-ma mxari
dauWira evTanaziis akrZalvas“.230
CrdiloeT avstraliis Statis q. darvinSi 1966 wlis
oqtomberSi moxda evTanaziis legalizacia. adgilobrivma
xelisuflebam mizanSewonilad miiCnia misi daSveba. avstraliis
mcxovrebTa didi nawili Caeba diskusiaSi _ umravlesoba
evTanaziis legalizaciis gauqmebas moiTxovda, faqtobrivad ki
evTanaziis araerTi faqtia dafiqsirebuli.231
iaponiis mTavrobas evTanaziis statusTan dakavSirebiT
oficialuri kanonebi ar miuRia da iaponiis uzenaes
sasamarTlosac am sakiTxze arasodes umsjelia. metic, dRemde
iaponiis politika evTanaziasTan mimarTebaSi gansazRvrulia ori
adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis sasamarTlo saqmiT, romlebic 1962
wels nagoiaSi da 1995 wels tokais universitetSi momxdari
incidentis Semdeg Catarda. pirveli saqme pasiur evTanazias, xolo
meore aqtiur evTanazias exeboda. gadawyvetilebebi am saqmeebze
ayalibebs samarTlebriv CarCoebsa da pirobebs, romelTa
arsebobisas, orive, pasiuri da aqtiuri evTanazia kanonierad
miiCneva. miuxedavad amisa, am orive konkretul saqmeSi eqimebi cnes
228
229
230
iqve, 125.
231
ix. iqve, 125.
67
damnaSaved am pirobebis darRvevaSi, rodesac maT Tavisi
pacientebis sicocxle daasrules.232
amJamad iaponiaSi evTanaziis gansaxorcieleblad
miaxloebiTi samarTlebrivi CarCoebi arsebobs. pasiuri evTanaziis
SemTxvevaSi, sami piroba unda dakmayofildes:
1. pacienti ganukurnebeli avadmyofobiT unda iyos
daavadebuli da avadmyofobis ukanasknel stadiaSi
yofnis gamo mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba naklebad
savaraudo unda iyos;
2. pacientma mkurnalobis Sewyvetaze aSkara Tanxmoba
unda gamoxatos da es Tanxmoba miRebuli da
SenarCunebuli unda iyos gardacvalebamde. Tu pacients
aSkara Tanxmobis micema ar SeuZlia, misi Tanxmobis
dadastureba SesaZlebelia winaswar Sedgenili
werilobiTi dokumentis, rogoricaa anderZi
sicocxlis Sesaxeb, an ojaxis wevrTa werilobiTi
Cvenebis safuZvelze;
3. pacients SeiZleba Cautardes pasiuri evTanazia
samedicino mkurnalobis, qimioTerapiis, dializis,
xelovnuri respiraciis, sisxlis gadasxmis, me-4
kategoriis wveTovnis da sxvaTa SeCerebis gziT.233
aqtiuri evTanaziisas, oTxi piroba unda iqnes
dakmayofilebuli, kerZod:
1. pacienti gausaZlisi fizikuri tkivilisgan unda
itanjebodes;
2. sikvdili unda iyos gardauvali da axlovdebodes;
3. pacientis mxridan unda arsebobdes evTanaziis
ganxorcielebis moTxovna (pasiuri evTanasiisgan
gansxvavebiT, sicocxlis Sesaxeb anderZebi da ojaxis
Tanxmoba ar iqneba sakmarisi);
4. eqimma (uSedegod) unda amowuros tkivilisgan
gasaTavisuflebeli yvela sxva saSualeba.234
evTanaziis problemaSi yvelaze rTuli sakiTxia is, Tu vin
ganaxorcielebs am aqts, ukve dakanonebulsa da samarTlebliv
formaSi moyvanils. zogierTi eqimi uars ambobs am aqtis
Catarebaze da mas jalaTis mier damnaSavisaTvis sicocxlis
moswrafebas adarebs; zogierTi eqimi ki Tanxmdeba amaze, magram
ganicdis danaSaulis grZnobas. aRsaniSnavia, rom aSS-Si
damkvidrebuli praqtikis mixedviT, eqims Seyavs preparati
avadmyofis wveTovanSi, xolo pacients aZlevs pults, romelze
daWeris SemTxvevaSic dgeba sikvdili. Sesabamisad, pirovneba Tavad
wyvets Tavisi sikvdil-sicocxlis sakiTxs.235
232
ix. Katsunoki K., Euthanasia and death with Dignity in Japanese Law,
www.waseda.jp/hiken/jp/public/bulletin/pdf/27/ronbun/A02859211-00-000270001.pdf, 27.02.2010.
233
ix. iqve.
234
ix. iqve.
235
68
2.2.1. evTanazia holandiis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT
pirveli qveyana, romelmac evTanazia daakanona, holandia iyo.

holandiaSi evTanazia araformalurad faqtoberivad 1993 wlidan
arsebobda, aRniSnuli faqti qveynis umaRlesi warmomadgenlobiTi
organos mier aRiarebul iqna. droTa ganmavlobaSi araformaluri
evTanaziis SemTxvevebma imata, Tanac sul ufro mcirdeboda
evTanaziis mowinaaRmdegeTa raodenoba, ramac ganapiroba is, rom
2000 wlis 28 noembers holandiis parlamentSi Sevida iniciativa,
evTanaziis legalizebis Sesaxeb. 2001 wels parlamentma aRniSnuli
kanoni miiRo da evTanazia kanonierad gamoacxada.236
,,niderlandebma 1993-1994 wlebSi miiRo sakmaod originaluri
sistema. sasamarTlo kontrolis mizniT, eqimi valdebuliა
ganacxados ,,wynari aRsrulebisaTvis“ xelSewyobis Sesaxeb
formularis meSveobiT. formulari egzavneba municipalur
kanonmdebels, romelic mas ugzavnis adgilobriv prokuraturas. am
ukanasknelis xelmZRvaneli Tavisi Sexedulebisamebr am SemTxvevis
Sesaxeb acnobs generalur prokurorTa asambleas an Tavad afasebs
mas da gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba“.237 amgvari centralizmis mizania
Tavidan iqnas acilebuli sakiTxis TviTneburi gadawyveta.
mocemuli kanoni qristian-demokratebsa da socialistebs Soris
miRweuli kompromisis Sedegia. pirvelni Tvlian, rom evTanazia
danaSaulia, meoreni amtkiceben, rom ,,wynari aRsasrulis“
SemTxveva, rac winaswar cnobili gaxdeba xelixuflebisaTvis, ar
unda daisajos.238 es praqtika marTlac arsebobda niderlandebSi
da kanonmdeblobam mxolod daadastura 1990 wlidan arsebuli
praqtika, im dros tribunalebi saqmis ganxilvisas argumentad
iSveliebdnen evTanaziis aucileblobis motivs. 239
holandiis parlamentis definicia _ ,,evTanazia ewodeba
yovel qmedebas, romelic mimarTulia ama Tu im piris sicocxlis
misive surviliT Sewyvetisaken da sruldeba aradainteresebuli
piris mier” 2001 wels iqna miRebuli. vfiqrob, am ganmartebis
nebismieri sityva SemaZrwunebelia da SeuZlebelia misi kritikis
gareSe miReba. ,,yoveli qmedeba“ _ srulebiT daukonkretebelia,
qmedeba ki moicavs rogorc moqmedebas, ise umoqmedobas (es
ukanaskneli ki e.w. ,,pasiuri evTanaziis” safuZvelia). ,,ama Tu im
piris” misive surviliT mokvdinebaze saubrisas definiciaSi ar
figurirebs, rom piri aris pacienti (avadmyofi, romelmac mimarTA
eqims), rom misi seni ara Tu ukurnebeli da araoperirebadia,
aramed mZime fizikuri tanjvis momtania, daavadeba ki terminalur
236
ix. Jochesmen Henk , Legalization of Euthanasia in the Netherlands,
www.heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/ilmed16&div=27&collection=journals&set_as_cur
sor =0&men_tab=srchresults&terms=(euthanasia)&type=matchall#301, 18.11.2011.
237
pradeli J., SedarebiTi sisxlis samarTali, mokle kursi, niniZe T. (red.), Tb.,
1999, 128-129.
238
sor =0&men_tab=srchresults&terms=(euthanasia)&type=matchall#302, 18.11.2011.
239
ix. pradeli J., dasax. naSr., 128-129.
69
fazaSia. Mmetad sainteresoa ,,aradainteresebuli piris” figura,
romelic qonebrivi interesebis mqone (memkvidreobis an dazRvevis
Tanxis miRebis surviliT anTebuli) piris amgvari ,,qmedebisagan”
CamoSorebis mizniT gakeTebuls waagavs, Torem avadmyofis
mdgomareobis SemsubuqebiT udavoa yvela erTnairad unda iyos
dainteresebuli, samedicino personali ki am SemTxvevaSi
naxsenebic ar aris. amrigad, evTanaziis xsenebuli gansazRvrebiT,
,,esa Tu is piri”, sulac ar aris aucilebeli rom avad iyos,
sakmarisia, rom hqondes sikvdilis survili da amaze
,,aradainteresebuli piri” daiTanxmos. 240 definiciaSi sityvebi _
„ama Tu im piris sicocxlis misive surviliT Sewyveta“ metyvelebs,
rom survilis ganmcxadeblis sicocxlezea saubari. yvelaze
SemaSfoTebeli aris definiciis nawili, romelic acxadebs _
,,evTanazia ewodeba yovel qmedebas“, gamodis, rom ar konkretdeba,
Tu ra saxis qmedeba unda iyos gamoyenebuli evTanaziis
ganxorcielebis dros, rac, Tavis mxriv, niSnavs, rom iaraRic rom
iqnas gamoyenebuli an sxva arahumanuri saSualeba, qmedeba mainc
evTanaziad Sefasdeba. E
,,holandiis parlamentma miiRo dadgenileba ,,Txovnis
safuZvelze sicocxlis Sewyvetisa da TviTmkvlelobis
xelSewyobis“ Sesaxeb, romelic 2002 wlis pirvel aprils Sevida
ZalaSi. am dadgenilebiT, evTanazia garkveul SemTxvevebSi
kanonierad aris miCneuli. amasTan, kanoni iTvaliswinebs, rom ar
unda dadges im eqimis samarTlebrivi devnis sakiTxi, romelmac
evTanazia gamoiyena Semdeg SemTxvevebSi:
 pacientis tanjva autanelia da mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis
perspeqtiva ar arsebobs;
 pacienti Tavad, garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi unda
iTxovdes evTanazias (sxvaTa zegavlenis an wamlebis
zemoqmedebis gareSe); Tumca kanoni arafers ambobs, rogor
SeiZleba dadgindes, pacienti sxvaTa zegavlenis qveS moeqca
Tu ara;
 pacients sruli informacia unda hqondes Tavisi
mdgomareobis, SesaZleblobebisa da arCevanis Sesaxeb; misi
informirebuloba eqimis valdebulebaa, Tumca ar arsebobs
specialuri samsaxuri, romelic valdebuli iqneba,
Seamowmos, aris Tu ara pacienti srulyofilad
informirebuli. aqedan gamomdinare, pacientis
informirebulobis dadgena SesaZlebelia mxolod pacientisa
da misi axloblebis gamokiTxviT;
 saWiroa mkurnali eqimis mxridan minimum erT damoukidebel
eqimTan konsultacia, romelic daamtkicebs, rom zemoT
xsenebuli situacia realurad arsebobs;
 sikvdili unda moxdes medicinaSi miRebuli meTodiT, eqimis
an pacientis mier da amasTan, unda eswrebodes eqimi;
240
ix. arCvaZe v., statia, evTanazia, Tanamedrove medicina, #1 noember-dekemberi,
2007, 19.
70
 pacienti unda iyos sul mcire Tormeti wlis (Tormetidan
Teqvsmet wlamde pacients sWirdeba mSoblebis Tanxmoba)“.241
Tu arsebobs evTanaziis zemoaRniSnuli pirobebi, regionis
sazedamxedvelo komisia gansazRvravs sicocxlis Sewyvetis, Tu
moTxovnili TviTmkvlelobis nebis darTva ramdenad sworad
warimarTa. Sedegebis mixedviT, an daixureba saqme eqimis mimarT, an
Tu zemoT CamoTvlil SemTxvevebs situacia ar Seesabameba, saqme
gadaecema saxalxo prokurors.
kanonmdebeli aseve, iTxovs, rom dadasturebuli iyos
survilis gamomxatveli oficialuri dokumentis namdvilobac.
amgvari oficialuri dokumenti SesaZlebelia gamoyenebul iqnes
maSinac, rodesac avadmyofi komaSia an maSinac, rodesac avadmyofs
damoukideblad survilis gamoxatva ar SeuZlia.242
kanonmdeblis zemoaRniSnuli moTxovna kritikas ver uZlebs.
rogor SeiZleba namdvili iyos survilis gamomxatveli dokumenti
maSin, roca survilis gamomTqmeli piri komaSia an msgavsi
survilis gamoxatva ar SeuZlia? orive SemTxvevaSi pacienti
uunaroa, daafiqsiros sakuTari neba da aRniSnuli funqcia mis
axlo naTesavebze gadadis. dauSvebelia evTanaziis mgrZnobiare
sakiTxze kanonmdeblis moTxovnas mxolod formaluri datvirTva
hqondes, realurad misi ganxorcieleba ki obieqturad SeuZlebeli
iyos.
,,evTanazia danaSaulebriv qmedebad iTvleba, Tu is
ewinaaRmdegeba kanoniT dadgenil pirobebs. gansakuTrebuli
SemTxvevebis gamonaklisis garda, ar arsebobs kanoniT SezRudvis
saWiroeba. Kkanonierad iTvleba iseTi samedicino
gadawyvetilebebi, rogoric aris:
 Sewyvito an ar daiwyo samedicino TvalsazrisiT, uazro
(fuWi) mkurnaloba;
 Sewyvito an ar daiwyo mkurnaloba pacientis moTxovnis
safuZvelze;
 daaCqaro sikvdili, rom pacienti tanjvisagan ixsna“.243
holandiaSi evTanazia 12 wlamde dauSvebelia. 12-dan 16
wlamde unda arsebobdes mSoblebis werilobiTi Tanxmoba, xolo
16 wlidan evTanazia daSvebulia. kanoni vrceldeba mxolod
holandiis moqalaqeebze.
holandiis ssk-is Tanaxmad, ,,imisTvis, rom evTanaziis aqti
ganxorcieldes, aucilebelia 3 piroba:
 ganukurnebeli avadmyofoba;
 autaneli fizikuri tkivilebi;
 gacnobierebuli da nebayoflobiTi Tanxmoba”.244
241
242
ix. iqve, 127.
243
iqve, 127.
244
sayvareliZe f., statia, evTanazia _ mowyaleba Tu mkvleloba, Jurnali
71
,,holandiaSi daSvebulia evTanazia, magram kanoniT
gansazRvrulia aucilebeli moTxovnebi, romelTa arsebobac
aucilebelia da mxolod maTi dacvis SemTxvevaSi aris
nebadarTuli evTanazia, romelic mxolod eqimis meSveobiT
SeiZleba ganxorcieldes“.245
oficialuri procedurebi Semdegia: pirveli _ Tavad
pacientma unda gamoTqvas am qveynidan nebayoflobiT wasvlis
survili, razec is avsebs Sesabamis anketas. Tu pacients anketis
Sevseba fizikurad ar SeuZlia, anketas misi karnaxiT ojaxis wevri
an eqimi avsebs ojaxis wevris (wevrebis) TandaswrebiT; meore _
pacientis Txovna yovelmxriv unda ganixilos ara marto mkurnalma
eqimma, aramed damoukidebelma specialistebmac; mesame _ Tavad
pacientma ramdenjerme unda daadasturos eqimis winaSe, rom mas
evTanazia namdvilad surs da ar arsebobs SesaZlebloba, rom man
gadawyvetileba sicocxlis sasargeblod Secvalos. pacientis
moTxovnis araerTgzisoba eqimisa da pacientis naTesavebis an
mzrunveli piris mier dasturdeba (Tuki pacientze ara naTesavi an
ojaxis wevri, aramed sxva piri zrunavs).
evTanaziis ganxorcielebisas aucileblad unda iqnas
daculi Semdegi pirobebi:
1. Txovna evTanaziis Taobaze unda iyos nebayoflobiTi da
unda momdinareobdes mxolod im pacientisgan, romelic
autaneli tkivilebiT itanjeba, gamojanmrTelebis imedis
gareSe. gadawyvetileba evTanaziis Sesaxeb unda miiRos
erTze metma eqimma da avadmyofic da eqimebic unda
mividnen im daskvnamde, rom evTanazia erTaderTi
gonivruli gamosavalia;
2. evTanaziis yvela SemTxveva unda Seafasos komitetma,
romlis SemadgenlobaSic Sedian rogorc iuristebi, ise
eqimebi da eTikos-filosofosebi;
3. evTanazia unda ganxorcieldes im eqimis mier, romelic
yvela mosamzadebel proceduras ganaxorcielebs da
evTanaziis Taobaze moxsenebas moamzadebs koroneris _
Zaladobrivi mkvlelobisa da uecari sikvidis saqmeebis
gamomZieblis saxelze;
4. koroneri evTanaziis saqmes ugzavnis prokurors, romelic
evTanaziis nebarTvas mxolod mas Semdeg gascems, rac
gamoZiebis Sedegad, danaSaulis niSnebi ar gamovlindeba;
5. pacientebi, romelTa asakobrivi jgufi 12-dan 16 wlamdea,
evTanaziaze nebarTvas mSoblebis Tanxmobis oficialuri
dokumentis wardgenis Semdeg moipoveben.246

246
www.heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/ilmed16&div=27&collection=journals&set_as_curs
or =0&men_tab=srchresults&terms=(euthanasia)&type=matchall#301, 18.11.2011.
72
evTanaziis gamoyeneba ar SeiZleba, Tu avadmyofi ar itanjeba.
mwvave debatebi mimdinareobda imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ras
niSnavs tanjva _ mxolod fizikur tkivils, Tu sulier an
gonebriv moSlilobebsac. gadawyvites, rom amis gadawyveta
eqimebisaTvis miendoT. am proceduras asrulebs eqimTa erToblivi
gancxadeba, romlebmac am ukiduresi zomis ganxorcieleba
gadawyvites. kanonis mowinaaRmdegeebma mxolod erTs miaRwies _ 12-
16 wlis mozardebi mxolod mSoblebis TanxmobiT SeZleben
evTanaziaze moTxovnis uflebis miRebas. garkveul pirobebSi
maTTvis sasikvdilo ineqciis Seyvanis Sesaxeb.247
holandiaSi eqimi, romelmac ganaxorciela evTanazia, ar
daeqvemdebareba sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas, Tu:
 darwmunda, rom pacientis gadawyvetileba iyo
nebayoflobiTi, kargad gaazrebuli da saboloo;
 darwmunda, rom pacientis satanjveli iyo autaneli
(gausaZlisi) da usaSvelo;
 man auxsna pacients misi mdgomareoba da perspeqtiva;
 patientTan erTad gamoitana mkacri daskvna, rom mis
mdgomareobaSi ar arsebobda sxva gonivruli,
alternatiuli gadawyveta (gamosavali);
 konsultacia miiRo, sul mcire, erTi sxva
damoukidebeli eqimisagan, romelmac gamoikvlia
pacientis mdgomareoba da Seadgina Tavisi daskvna,
romlSic dadasturebulia zemoT miTiTebuli ,,a“ da
,,d“ pirobebis daculoba;
 pacientis sicocxlis Sewyveta ganaxorciela Sesatyvisi
samedicino meTodiT.
evTanazia unda ganxorcieldes samedicino TvalsazrisiT
Sesabamisi xerxiT.248
,,evTanazia dasaSvebia im SemTxvevaSi, Tu avadmyofi
ganukurnebeli seniT aris avad da ganicdis autanel fizikur
tkivils. komisiis mier wardgenil dokumentTa Soris aucileblad
unda iyos pacientis gacnobierebuli werilobiTi gancxadeba, aseve
saWiroa ganmeorebiTi samedicino daskvna. dadebiTi
gadawyvetilebis miRebis SemTxvevaSi, avadmyofs eZleva evTanaziis
aqtis ganxorcielebis ufleba“.249
Tuki ukurnebeli seniT daavadebul holandiis moqalaqes
aqvs sami damoukidebeli da miukerZoebeli eqimis daskvna, rom misi
daavadebidan gamomdinare, mtanjveli tkivilebiT sikvdili
gardauvalia, igi xels awers kanonier suicidis aqts da iZens
mSvidad mokvdinebis uflebas. am momentidan mas aqvs ufleba, rom
247
ix. sayvareliZe f., dasax. statia, 33.
248
ix. iqve, 33-35.
73
wavides sicocxlidan, specialuri preparatebis meSveobiT. erT-
erTi aseTi preparati, abi sul raRac 10 kanaduri dolari Rirs.250
holandiis kanonmdeblobiT, eqimi ar aris valdebuli,
pacientis moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi, aucileblad ganaxorcielos
evTanazia, mas ufleba aqvs, uari ganacxados evTanaziaze
konkretuli pacientis mimarT an zogadad da saqme Sesasruleblad
im kolegas gadasces, romelic evTanaziis ganxorcielebas
daTanxmdeba.251
,,marto 1999 wels sasikvdilo ineqciebi 2216 adamians
gaukeTda. sikvdilis saerTo SemTxvevebidan 3,5% evTanaziaze modis.
holandiis evTanaziis sazogadoeba ki 25 wlis win Seiqmna. dRes am
sazogadoebaSi 100 000 wevria gaerTianebuli. yovelwliuri sawevro
Sesatani 35 guldenia (daaxloebiT 15 dolari). gawevrianebis
msurveli avsebs sam sxvadasxva feris anketas. romelSic gascems
gankargulebas misi im qveynad gadasvlis wesebis Sesaxeb.
magaliTad, uars ambobs mkurnalobaze mZime avtokatastrofis
SemTxvevaSi, an moiTxovs momakvdinebeli preparatis Seyvanas
qronikuli, ganukurnebeli daavadebis SemTxvevaSi”.252
,,2003 wels, niderlandebSi oficialurad dafiqsirda
evTanaziis 1626 SemTxveva. ZiriTadad, amgvari sikvdili gamowveuli
iyo Zlieri (10 grami) barbiturate sawamlavis miRebiT“.253
eqimi valdebulia pacientis evTanazias daeswros ori
mizezis gamo:
1. raTa darwmundes, rom sawamlavi SemTxveviT sxva adamianma ar
miiRos, (anda ar moxdes sxva adamianis mxridan pacientisTvis
gankuTvnili wamliT TviTmkvleloba, an Tundac mkvleloba);
2. raTa akontrolos procesi da SeZlos Seasrulos saWiro
procedurebi.254
aRsaniSnavia, rom or SemTxvevaSi, eqimma miiRo sayveduri imis
gamo, rom ar eswreboda im moments, rodesac pacientma miiRo
wamali. 2000 wels, 649 pacients, romelsac evTanazias ukeTebdnen
CautardaT kvleva. aRmoCnda, rom pacientebis 14%-s hqondaT
sxvadasxva saxis garTulebebi, ris gamoc maT SesaZloa wamali
damoukideblad ver mieRoT. 32%-s im pacientebisa, romlebsac
fizikurad daexmarnen TviTmkvlelobaSi hqondaT iseTi tipis
garTulebebi, rom 18%-saTvis saWiroc gaxda, rom eqims aqtiuri
evTanaziisaTvis miemarTa. Aაm kvlevebma aCvena, rom evTanaziis
50%-is SemTxvevaSi, mkurnali eqimebi adgilze ar imyofebodnen.
amis mizezi eqimis uyuradReboba da moucleloba dasaxelda.
eqimTa nawilma ganmarta, rom maTi fizikurad daswreba saWiroebas
250
ix. www. dxm.h1.ru/psycho/eftanasia.shtml, Последний диагноз, 20.12.2009.
251
or =0&men_tab=srchresults&terms=(euthanasia)&type=matchall#303, 18.11.2011.
252
Tavisufleba, Tb., 2003, 33-34.
253
254
ix. iqve, 127.
74
ar warmoadgenda, vinaidan pacientma kargad icoda, ra rogor unda
gaekeTebina. Cans, rom eqimebi kargad ar icnobdnen kanonis
moTxovnas da CaTvales, rom daswreba maTi uflebaa da ara
movaleoba, Tumca am darRvevis gamo, arc erTi eqimis
pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi ar dasmula, maTma mxolod umniSvnelo
nawilma zepiri gafrTxileba da instruqcia miiRo. 255
,,evTanaziis legalizacias didi mxardaWera aqvs
holandielebisagan, romlebic sicocxlis xangrZliobiT
xasiaTdebian. arsebobs sawinaaRmdego mosazreba, romelic
upiratesobas aniWebs Semamsubuqebel mkurnalobas da moiTxoven
evTanaziis proceduris arakanonierad cnobas. Hholandielebis
mier Sedgenil iqna protokoli venismieri evTanaziis Sesaxeb.
venismieri evTanazia yvelaze swrafia, amitomac yvelaze metad aris
rekomendebuli“.256
,,yoveli ocdamexuTe ukurnebeli seniT daavadebuli
holandieli, romelic saxlSi xvdeba sikvdils, samedicino
daxmarebis am ukidures formas mimarTavs. saavadmyofoebSi ki ase
iqceva yoveli samocdameTxuTmete“.257 Cans, rom evTanaziis
legalizebam garkveulwilad waaqeza avadmyofi, aRar eZios
mkurnalobis sxva xerxebi da pirdapir evTanazias mimarTos. aseT
pirobebSi Zalian Znelia imis srulyofili kontroli, iyo Tu ara
evTanazia erTaderTi gamosavali.
evTanaziis SemTxvevaTa ricxvi holandiaSi dRiTidRe
matulobs da albaT asec gagrZeldeba momavalSi, vinaidan
mosaxleoba mieCvia im azrs, rom damoukideblad SeuZlia sakuTari
bedis gansazRvra.258
2.2.2. evTanazia belgiis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT
,,meore qveyana, sadac 2002 wels daSvebul iqna evTanazia, iyo

belgia. evTanaziaze ufleba aqvs belgiis moqalaqes 18 wlidan
eqimis meSveobiT, ganmeorebiTi da nebayoflobiTi werilobiTi
moTxovnis safuZvelze. Tu avadmyofs wera ar SeuZlia, sxva
srulwlovans unda daawerinos, rac eqimis meTvalyureobiT
xorcieldeba. belgiis universitetis xelmZRvanelobis
gadawyvetilebiT, evTanazia saswavlo kursis saxiTac ki iswavleba
samedicino fakultetis studentebisTvis, raTa maT SeZlon,
normalurad da minimaluri riskis farglebSi ganaxorcielon
evTanazia“.259
255
ix. Sengelia a., dasax. statia, 127.
256
iqve, 127.
257
Tavisufleba, Tb., 2003, 33-34.
258
ix. iqve, 36.
259
pradeli J., dasax. naSr., 128-129.
75
1996 wlis ianvarSi belgiaSi Camoyalibda ,,belgiis mrCevelTa
komiteti bioeTikaSi“260 (B.A.C.B.)261, romelmac evTanaziis Semdegi
definicia Camoayaliba _ ,,pacientisve moTxovniT, sxva piris an
eqimis ganzrax Careva avadmyofis sicocxlis dasrulebaSi“.262
komitetis SemadgenlobaSi Sedian ara mxolod evTanaziis
momxreni, aramed mowinaaRmdegenic, vinaidan misi mizani iseTi
samarTlebrivi sistemis Seqmna iyo, romelic orive banakis
warmomadgenelTaTvis SedarebiT misaRebi iqneboda.
evTanaziis es definicia araa misaRebi, vinaidan masSi
saubaria ubralod pacientze da ara ukurnebeli seniT daavadebul
pacientze, aseve ar aris saubari gausaZlis fizikur tkivilebze,
romelic aris evTanaziis moTxovnis mizezi. aseve miuRebelia
eqimTan erTad, sxva pirisTvis evTanaziis ganxorcielebis uflebis
miniWeba, vinaidan am SemTxvevaSi ar arsebobs garantia, rom es sxva
piri avadmyofis interesebis Sesabamisad imoqmedebs da ara
gamorCenis, angarebis an sxva qvenagrZnobiT.
evTanaziis moraluri mxare komitetis wevrTa azrTa
sxvadasxvaobis mTavari mizezi gaxda. zogi evTanazias gamouvali
situaciis gamarTlebis saSualebad aRiqvamda, sxvani mas adamianis
pirad avtonomiad afasebdnen, komitetis garkveuli nawilisTvis ki
evTanazia principulad miuRebeli darCa im motiviT, rom igi
sicocxlis xelSeuxebel faseulobas xelyofs. gansxvavebuli
poziciis miuxedavad, mxareebi SeTanxmdnen, rom zogierT
SemTxvevaSi, gamonaklisis saxiT, evTanazia moralurad
gamarTlebulia da mTavaria misi nebarTvis TiToeuli
gadawyvetileba mkacri normebis dacviT iqnas miRebuli.263
vinaidan evTanaziis dakanonebis saWiroeba qveyanaSi
realurad arsebobda, komitetma miiRo evTanaziis regulirebis
ramdenime savaldebulo piroba:
1. evTanaziis dekriminalizacia _ aRniSnuli piroba
damyarebulia ideaze, rom demokratiul sazogadoebaSi
samarTalma ar unda akrZalos qmedeba, romelic ar
xelyofs sxva adamians an sazogadoebas. komitets ar
gauTvaliswinebia is, rom evTanazia moralis
sawinaaRmdegoa, 264 SesaZloa miCneul iqna, rom adamianis
ufleba, damoukideblad gankargos sakuTari sicocxle,
260
bioeTika _ eTikis is sfero, romelic Seiswavlis sicocxlis bunebriv
msvlelobaSi adamianis xelovnuri Carevis Sedegad warmoSobil moralur
problemebs.
261
B.A.C.B. _ Belgian Advisory Committee on Bioethics.
262
Herman Nys, News and Views, Advice of the Federal Advisory Committee on Bioethics concernin
Legalisation of Euthanasia,
www.heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/eurjhlb4&div=51&collection=journals&set_as_cur
sor=39&men_tab=srchresults&terms=(euthanasia)&type=matchall#399, 19.11.2011.
263
ix. Herman Nys, News and Views, Advice of the Federal Advisory Committee on Bioethics concernin
264
ix. iqve,
76
gacilebiT mniSvnelovania, vidre moraluri
postulatebi.265
2. evTanaziis proceduris regulireba da gadawyvetilebis
erToblivad miReba eqimisa da pacientis mier _ rac
holandiuri sistemis msgavia. am dros unda moxdes
pacientis mier evTanaziis ganxorcielebaze sakuTari nebis
araerTgzis dafiqsireba, pacientis gamouvali
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb samedicino komisiis mier daskvnis
dadeba, pacientis mimarT adekvaturi evTanaziis aqtis
ganxorcieleba.266
3. yvelaze mniSvnelovani samedicino gadawyvetilebis _
sicocxlis dasrulebis, proceduruli regulireba,
kolegebis konsultaciis CaTvliT. komitetSi Semavali
evTanaziis momxre specialistTa mosazrebiT, evTanazia
yvelaze misaRebi da kulturuli gadawyvetilebaa yvela
pacientisTvis, roca sicocxle dasasruls tanjviT
uaxlovdeba. eTikur evolucias samarTalSi axali
faqtobrivi aspeqtebi Semoaqvs, amitom aucilebelia yvela
gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi, Sesaferisi meTodis
moZebna. 267
aRniSnuli principis mizania, samarTlebrivad moawesrigos
sicocxlis dasasruli, romlis drosac pasuxismgebloba unda
gadanawildes eqimebsa da pacients Soris, aseve aucilebelia
avadmyofis ojaxTan konsultacia.268
am principis ZiriTadi ideaa, samarTlebrivma da samedicino
dawesebulebebma prioriteti sicocxlis uflebas mianiWon da
tkivilis winaaRmdeg individualurad paliatiuri mzrunveloba
gamoiyenon.
am SemoTavazebis mxardamWrni TavianT frTxil
damokidebulebas Semdeg faqtorebze amyareben:
a. SiSoben, rom evTanaziis proceduruli regulireba, gzas
uxsnis sisxlis samarTlis damokidebulebis Secvlas
adamianis sicocxlis, rogorc uzenaesi Rirebulebis
mimarT.
b. ,,aucileblobis viTarebas“ isini miiCneven, rTul
movlenad. aRniSnuli obieqturad or valdebulebas
afasebs, sicocxlis valdebulebas da tkivilis moTmenis
265
postulati _ mtkiceba, romelic aRiarebulia raime Teoriis amosaval
debulebad dasabuTebis gareSe.
266
267
ix. iqve,
268
ix. iqve,
77
valdebulebas, Tumca Tanxmdebian, rom moralurad
tanjvis evolucia arsebiTad subieqturia.
g. evTanaziis proceduruli regulirebisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli, eqimisTvis ganusazRvreli Zalauflebis
micema, gaakeTos arCevani sikvdilsa da sicocxles Soris.
d. evTanaziiT mokvdineba saxifaTo gaxdeba, vinaidan
adamianebs ufleba eZlevaT, Tavad gadawyviton amqveynidan
wasvlis sakiTxi.269
komiteti aRiarebs, rom CamonaTvali ar aris sakmarisi,
problemisa da debatebis gadasaWrelad, vinaidan TviT komitetSic
iyvnen iseTni, vinc arc erT SemoTavazebas (pirobas) ar daeTanxma.
zogi maTganis azriT, samarTlebrivi regulireba da realoba
SeiZleba arc Tu ise axlos aRmoCndes erTmaneTTan.270
dResdReobiT belgiis mTavroba Tvlis, rom evTanaziis
praqtikasTan dakavSirebiT, mniSvnelovani problemebi ar arsebobs,
vinaidan belgiaSi sicocxlis xarisxi mniSvnelovania da evTanazia
aris is, rac xalxs surs, politikosebi ki ganixilaven, Tu ra
saxiT miawodon igi sazogadoebas. miuxedavad amisa, bevri iziarebs
mosazrebas, rom debatebi evTanaziaze belgiaSi ar
dasrulebula. 271
profesor pier fransis lateres TqmiT, aucilebelia
saevTanazio narkotikebis gayidvis monitoringi da afTiaqebis
Semowmeba. yvela msgavsi narkotiki unda Sevides erTian nusxaSi da
letaluri narkotikis gamouyenebeli nawili iმ afTiaqebs unda
daubrundes, romelmac igi gasca, sxva SemTxvevaSi, darCenili doza
SesaZloa sxva adamianis mkvlelobisTvis iqnas gamoyenebuli, risi
magaliTic holandiaSi ukve iyo.272 pier fransis ar dausaxelebia
samsaxuri an organo, romelic zemoaRniSnul process mkacrad
gaakontrolebda, Tumca bunebrivia, msgavsi monitoringis dawesebis
SemTxvevaSi, misi makontrolebeli organoc Camoyalibdeboda.
2005 wlidan belgiaSi asobiT afTiaqma daiwyo saevTanazio
narkotikis legaluri gasaReba (RirebulebiT 60 evro) im
pacientebisTvis, romlebic evTanaziis saxlSi ganxorcielebas
amjobineben.273 pacienti afTiaqs warudgens dokuments, romlis
269
270
ix. iqve,
271
ix. Raphael Cohen-Almagor, D. Phil., Euthanasia Policy and Practice in Belgium,
or=16&men_tab=srchresults&terms=(euthanasia)&type=matchall#223, 19.11.2011.
272
ix. iqve,
273
ix. iqve,
78
ZaliTac mas preparatis SeZenis ufleba aqvs, Tumca am preparats
igi eqimis gareSe ver moixmars.274
,,amave wels belgiis afTiaqebSi gamoCnda 60 evrod Rirebuli
kompleqtebi, sadac moTavsebuli iyo sawamlaviT savse erTjeradi
nemsebi. aRniSnuli kompleqtis SeZena SesaZlebeli iyo mxolod
eqimis SekveTiT“.275 SeZenili preparatis gamoyenebis instruqcia
Tavad preparats axlavs, Tumca misi gamoyeneba xdeba mxolod
eqimis mier.
marTalia, saevTanazio preparatebs gamoyenebis instruqcia
aqvT, magram maTi gamoyenebis SezRudva, rac gulisxmobs
gamoyenebas eqimis mier, erTgvari dazRvevaa, raTa preparati
gamoyenebul iqnas swored rom pacientis mier da ara sxva piris
mier, Tumca ar arsebobs kontrolis meqanizmi, rom ukve SeZenili
preparati sxva piris xelSi ar moxvdes. kanonmdebeli eyrdnoba im
mosazrebas, rom terminaluri pacienti, romelsac evTanazia surs
da eqimisgan Sesabamis dokumentsac miiRebs, sxvas ar dauTmobs e.w.
,,mSvidi sikvdili“-s uflebas.276
,,belgiis kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, evTanaziis aqti SeiZleba
ganxorcieldes mxolod eqimis mier“.277
,,evTanaziis legalizebis Semdeg, evTanaziiT gardacvlilebi
qveyanaSi gardacvalebulTa saerTo raodenobis 2 procents
Seadgenen, rac weliwadSi daaxloebiT 2 000 gardacvlils
udris.278
2006 wels belgiis farmacevtulma asociaciam daasrula
muSaoba gzamkvlevze, romelSic detalurad aRwera, Tu rogor
unda gamoiweros letaluri narkotiki, rogor unda moxdes misi
adgilze mitana da gamouyenebeli nawilis afTiaqSi dabruneba.
aseve mocemuli iyo informacia, Tu rogor unda momxdariyo
afTiaqis mxridan produqtis SekveTa da misTvis fasis dadeba.279
gzamkvlevi 2006 welsve amoqmedda. am movlenad daamtkica, rom 2006
wlamde es sakiTxi ar iyo mowesrigebuli da qaosurad
mimdinareobda, rac aseve mkacrad gasakicxi da yovlad miuRebelia,
Tundac sazogadoebis SekveTa iyos evTanaziis ganxorcielebis
wesis gamartiveba.
274
ix. Sengelia a., statia, evTanazia – danaSauli Tu adamianis ufleba sakuTari
275
iqve, 128.
276
ix. Raphael Cohen-Almagor, D.Phil, Euthanasia Policy and Practice in Belgium: Critical Observations
and Suggestions for Improvement, 192-193,
www.ieb-eib.org/nl/pdf/euthanasia-practice-in-belgium.pdf, 17.12.2010.
277
Warning to Britain as almost half of Belgium's euthanasia nurses admit to killing without consent,
www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1285423/Half-Belgiums-euthanasia-nurses-admit-killing-consent.html,
31.03.2012.
278
iqve,
www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1285423/Half-Belgiums-euthanasia-nurses-admit-killing-consent.html,
31.03.2012.
279
79
Tavi 3. evTanazia qarTuli kanonmdeblobis mixedviT
evTanaziis mimarT qarTul sazogadoebriv cnobierebaSi

damkvidrebulia ZiriTadad uaryofiTi damokidebuleba, rac
ganpirobebulia saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis
poziciiT, ZirZveli erovnuli tradiciebiT da wes-CveulebebiT,
romlis Tanaxmadac, evTanazia aSkara mkvleloba da
TviTmkvlelobaa, e.i. didi codvaa.
evTanazia warmoSobs interesTa konfliqts or uflebas
Soris: erTi es aris adamianis ufleba da meore momakvdavi piris
sikvdilis survili. 1995 wlis 24 agvistos miRebuli saqarTvelos
konstituciis me-15 muxli miuTiTebs: ,,sicocxle adamianis
xelSeuvali uflebaa da mas icavs kanoni“, rac imas niSnavs, rom
adamianis sicocxle aRniSnuli konstituciiT daculia misi
warmoSobis momentidan gardacvalebamde. amitom adamianis
sicocxlis mospobis daCqareba ara marto ubralod
samarTaldarRvevaa, aramed danaSaulia, rac daculia
konstituciis me-15 da dasjadia sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT (maT
Soris ssk-is 110-e muxliT).
,,saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdebloba aqtiur
evTanazias absoluturad miuReblad miiCnevs, radgan eqimma arc
erT SemTxvevaSi ar unda mouswrafos sicocxle adamians da Tanac
safrTxe ar unda Seuqmnas medikosis profesiis zneobriv
safuZvels“.280
saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba evTanazias ganixilavs rogorc
ganzrax mkvlelobas, Cadenils Semamsubuqebel garemoebebSi da
sasjelic Sesabamisad msubuqia, vidre Cveulebrivi ganzraxi
mkvlelobisTvis. farTo mniSvnelobiT, evTanazia fsiqikurad an
fizikurad ,,arasrulfasovani sicocxlis“ mospobaa
keTilSobiluri mosazrebiT. swored amitom, kanonma sasamarTlos
ufleba misca, mxedvelobaSi miiRos sibralulis motivi, rogorc
pasuxismgeblobis Semamsubuqebeli garemoeba.
adamiani Casaxvis momentidanve xdeba sicocxlis
ganusxvisebeli uflebis mflobeli, Tumca dabadebuli
adamianisgan gansxvavebiT, fetuss ar gaaCnia Tavisufleba, ufro
metic, namdvili Tavisufleba maSin iwyeba, rodesac adamians
SeuZlia gaacnobieros sakuTari ,,me” da Segnebuli gadawyvetileba
miiRos.
Tavisufleba Tavis TavSi gulisxmobs uflebas, adamianma
Tavad gadawyvitos, Tu rogor surs cxovreba da sakuTari
SesaZleblobebis realizacia, oRond kanoni mainc zRudavs mas
imiT, rom dauSveblad acxadebs pirovnebis moRvaweobis iseT
aspeqtebs, romlebic sxvaTa uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs
ewinaaRmdegeba. es arcaa gasakviri, radganac demokratiuli
sazogadoebis arsebobis mTavari sayrdeni swored es debulebaa.
280wulaia z., danaSauli adamianis winaaRmdeg, Tb., 2000, 50.
80
filosofiis eniT rom gamovxatoT, adamiani Tavisufalia, Tu
igi moqmedebs sakuTari nebiT – nebayoflobiT, da ar aris
Tavisufali, Tu moqmedebs sxvisi nebiT, iZulebiT. gadawyvetileba,
romelsac adamiani iRebs, alternativaTa gacnobierebas emyareba,
amitom igi arCevans Segnebulad akeTebs.281
nebis Tavisufleba araa absoluturi. yvelaferi, maT Soris
adamianis uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi kanonzomierebas emorCileba,
kanonzomiereba ki niSnavs kanonebisadmi Tanxmobas. kanonzomierebas
axasiaTebs determinirebuloba. ,,kanonzomiereba aris wesrigi,
romelic determinirebulia Sesabamisi pirobebiT da garemoebebiT.
arakanonzomiereba aris uwesrigoba, qaosi, romelic
aradeterminirebulia da xdeba TviTneburad”. 282
samyaroSi yvela movlena kanonzomieria. TviTneburad,
SemTxveviT araferi xdeba, e.i. yvelaferi determinirebulia.
,,determinizmi aris Teoria, romelic amtkicebs kanonzomierebis
obieqturad arsebobas. ... indeterminizmi ki aris Teoria, romelic
kanonzomierebis obieqturad arsebobas uaryofs da amtkicebs, rom
yvelaferi, rac samyaroSi xdeba, TviTneburi da SemTxveviTia”.283
arsebobs mecnieruli da aramecnieruli determinizmi.
mecnieruli determinizmi kanonzomierebis safuZvlad
samyarosaTvis damaxasiaTebel Sinagan da obieqtur kavSirs
miiCnevs, rac kanonebSi gamoixateba, xolo aramecnieruli
determinizmi kanonzomierebis safuZvlad zebunebriv Zalas, mag:
bedisweras, gangebas miiCnevs.284
mecnieruli determinizmis ZiriTadi Taviseburebaa ,,samyaros
kanonzomierebis axsna da dafuZneba TviT masSi moqmedi kanonebis
meSveobiT. mecnierebis mizanic sxva araferia, Tu ara am kanonebis
aRmoCena da maT safuZvelze cnobil movlenaTa axsna da ucnob
movlenaTa winaswarmetyveleba”.285
arsebobs aseve dinamikuri da statistikuri determinizmi.
pirveli kanonzomierebas gardauvalobasTan aigivebs da
gamoricxavs SemTxveviTobas, albaTobas da Tavisuflebis
obieqturobas, xolo meore kanonzomierebas aRiqvams rogorc
aucileblobisa da SemTxveviTobis erTianobas, romelic uSvebs
SesaZleblobas, albaTobas da Tavisuflebis obieqturobas.286
,,dinamikuri determinizmis mier movlenaTa axsna da
winaswarmetyveleba absoluturad utyuaria da ueWvelia, xolo
statistikuri determinizmis mier _ mxolod albaTuri”.287
rac Seexeba SemTxveviTobas, igi aramizezobrivi
determinaciis formaa, romelic mizezobriobis miRma dgas. hegeli
aRniSnavs _ ,,SemTxveviToba aucileblobis Cena, gamovlenis formaa.
es niSnavs, rom yoveli movlena SemTxveviTad gamoiyureba,
281
ix. erqomaiSvili v., filosofia, gamomc. kvari, Tb., 1996, 120.
282
iqve, 83.
283
iqve, 86.
284
ix. iqve, 86.
285
iqve, 87.
286
ix. iqve, 87.
287
iqve, 87.
81
gveCveneba, Torem Tavis safuZvelSi aucilebelia. ra gind
SemTxveviTad ar unda mogveCvenos movlena, Tu mas detalurad
gavaanalizebT da mis ZirSi CavalT, maSin aRmoCndeba, rom igi
aucilebelia da ara SemTxveviTi”.288 gamodis, rom SemTxveviToba
aucileblobis formaa, oRond formiT SemTxveviTi.
zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, kanonzomieria piris
daavadeba ganukurneli seniT, aseve kanonzomieria misi nebis
Tavisufleba sicocxlis gankargvasTan (dasrulebasTan)
dakavSirebiT, aseve kanonzomieria TviTmkvlelobac misi mxridan.
aseTi mosazreba SeiZleba iyos mecnieruli da ara religiuri. aqve
unda iTqvas, rom kanonzomierebas scildeba adamianis nebis
Tavisuflebis absoluturad gamocxadeba da sxva adamianisaTvis
evTanaziis uflebis miniWeba an davaldebuleba.
adamianis avtonomia mxolod mis uflebebsa da
Tavisuflebebze vrceldeba. adamianis nebis Tavisufleba ar
niSnavs yvela sxva adamianisTvis sakuTari wesebis karnaxs da am
sxvaTa valdebulebas, Seasrulos nakarnaxevi. adamianis nebis
Tavisufleba SeboWilia kanoniT, romelic am SeboWviT sxva
adamianTa uflebebs icavs. adamiani sakuTari sicocxlis
ganmkargavia, Tumca am gankargvis procesSi ar unda daaviwydes
kanonzomiereba, romelic kanonSi gamoixateba, rac imas niSnavs,
rom adamianis qmedeba kanonTan TanxvedraSi unda modiodes.
,,kacobrioba uZvelesi droidan eZebs adamiansa da
saxelmwifos Soris urTierTobis, maTi interesebis Sexamebis
optimalur formas. aseTi urTierTdamokidebulebis Sesaxeb
idealisturi warmodgena Camoyalibda, rom adamianis interesebi
yovelTvis unda idges pirvel adgilze, xolo saxelmwifosaTvis
uzenaesi interesi sazogadoebis keTildReobaa. saxelmwifos mier
adamianis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis, rogorc uzenaesi
faseulobebis aRiareba, sulac ar niSnavs, rom saxelmwifos arc
erT SemTxvevaSi ar SeuZlia adamianis moqmedebis SezRudva”.289
kanonzomiereba aris samyaros, saxelmwifos kanonebSi
gamoxatva da ara nebis Tavisuflebis absoluturoba.
kanonzomiereba imaSia, rom kanonma, icavs ra adamianis nebis
Tavisuflebas, ar dauSvas meore adamianis uflebebisa da
Tavisuflebebis Selaxva.
yovelive zemoTTqmuli imaze metyvelebs, rom momakvdavis
avtonomia vrceldeba mxolod mis uflebebze da Tavisuflebebze
da misi nebis Tavisufleba ar niSnavs imas, rom man sakuTari neba
ukarnaxos sxvebs da moiTxovos maTgan aqtiuri evTanaziis
ganxorcieleba. momakvdavis nebac SeboWilia kanoniT.
adamianma gaacnobiera sikvdilis gardauvaloba da igi
Tavisufali iqneba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mas miiRebs nebayoflobiT,
rogorc misTvis sasurvels, movlenas, romelic mas unda. es qceva
aris Tavisufali da ara iZulebiTi.
288
erqomaiSvili v., filosofia, gamomc. kvari, Tb., 1996, 101.
289
marinaSvili m., statia, ZiriTad uflebaTa realizaciis SezRudvis cneba da
saxeebi, marTlmsajuleba da kanoni #2(21), Tb., 2009, 66.
82
saqarTvelos ssk-is 110-e muxlis Tanaxmad, dasjadia
mkvleloba msxverplis TxovniT da misi namdvili nebis
Sesabamisad, Cadenili momakvdavis Zlieri fizikuri tkivilisagan
gaTavisuflebis mizniT. qmedeba isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTis
vadiT oridan xuT wlamde.
sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdebloba mkvlelobad miiCnevs
qmedebas, roca sicocxlis mospoba xdeba rogorc adamianis nebis
sawinaaRmdegod, ise dazaralebulis TanxmobiT, ufro metic, misi
TxovniTac. Tanxmoba ar aTavisuflebs pirs pasuxismgeblobisgan,
igi pasuxs agebs ganzrax mkvlelobisTvis. evTanazia
dakvalificirebulia rogorc mkvleloba Cadenili Semamsubuqebel
garemoebaSi da sasjeli Sesabamisad msubuqia, vidre Cveulebrivi
ganzraxi mkvlelobisTvis.
sabWoTa kavSiris dros, evTanazia ganixileboda, rogorc
Cveulebrivi ganzraxi mkvleloba, Tumca mosamarTles SeeZlo
mxedvelobaSi mieRo mkvlelobis motivi _ sibraluli, mowyaleba,
Secodeba da Seemsubuqebina damnaSavisTvis pasuxismgebloba.
saqarTvelos ssk-is Tanaxmad, gansaxilveli danaSaulis
sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis obieqtia momakvdavi adamianis
sicocxle. mocemul SemTxvevaSi sityva ,,momakvdavi“-Si igulisxmeba
ara ubralod sikvdilis piras myofi pirovneba, arc ukurnebeli
seniT daavadebuli pacienti, aramed ukurnebeli seniT
daavadebuli, avadmyofobis bolo stadiaze myofi avadmyofi,
romelic autanel fizikur tkivilebs ganicdis.
daJinebuli Txovna gulisxmobs pacientis mier mudmiv, uwyvet,
araerTgzis, dabejiTebul Txovnas, gamoxatuls ZiriTadad ojaxis
wevrebis an/da eqimis mimarT, raTa maT evTanaziis aqtiT, autaneli
fizikuri tkivilebisagan gaaTavisuflon igi.
erTmaneTisgan unda ganvasxvavoT araerTgzis Txovnas da
daJinebul Txovnas. pacientis mxridan araerTgzis Txovnas maSin
aqvs adgili, roca igi sakuTar survils aSkarad gamoxatavs da
aranakleb orgzis. daJinebuli Txovnis dros ki saxezea
ganuwyveteli moTxovna, romelic Semawuxebeli da fsiqologiurad
damTrgunvelic ki aris garSemomyofTaTvis. igi umetesad
konkretuli piris mimarTaa ganxorcielebuli, gamoirCeva
permanentulobiT da erTaderTi SinaarsiT, rom pacients tanjuli
sicocxle mouswrafdes.
evTanaziis dispoziciis Tanaxmad, adgili aqvs msxverplis
daJinebul Txovnas, riTac igi garkveul fsiqikur zemoqmedebas
axdens sxva adamianze, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom fsiqologiurad
aiZulebs kidec Caidinos aRniSnuli qmedeba, vinaidan avadmyofs
sruliad aRar gaaCnia yofiTi sitkboebis grZnoba, Sesabamisi
emociebi da autanel wamebaSi imyofeba. yovelive es ganapirobebs
gadawyvetilebis miRebas _ sikvdiliT ixsnas igi tanjvisagan da es
gadawyvetileba aris dazaralebulis nebis Sesabamisi. nebis
Sesabamisi niSnavs imas, rom dazaralebuls namdvilad ar unda
sicocxle, amoewura yovelgvari imedi da surs, Cqara dadges
aRsasruli. es namdvili neba unda iyos da ara moCvenebiTi,
ubralod, sityviT gamoTqmuli dazaralebulis mier.
83
,,es Txovna unda gamoxatavdes momakvdavis namdvil nebas. igi
unda iyos iseT mdgomareobaSi, rom srulad SeeZlos kontroli
gauwios da uxelmZRvanelos Tavis moqmedebas, Tu msxverpls amis
SesaZlebloba ara aqvs, misTvis sicocxlis mospoba ukve
Cveulebrivi mkvlelobaa, cxadia, Tu ar arsebobs sxva
damamZimebeli garemoeba“.290
,,qmedebas evTanaziis kvalifikacia rom mieces, Txovna unda
momdinareobdes mxolod avadmyofisgan, gamoTqmuli unda iyos
gacnobierebulad, saRi gonebiT, ganmeorebul unda iqnas
araerTgzis (ramdenjerme), avadmyofi unda moqmedebdes iZulebis
gareSe. sikvdilis survilis Sesaxeb Txovnis safuZveli unda iyos
avadmyofobiT gamowveuli Zlieri fizikuri tkivili, tanjva da ara
sxva faqtorebi, mag: materialuri, ojaxuri da sxva xasiaTis“.291
msxverplis namdvili neba niSnavs, rom mis mier evTanaziis
moTxovna, SemTxveviTi situaciidan gamomdinare gamoTqmuli
survili an droebiTi akviateba ki ar aris, aramed mis mier
miRebuli myari da uryevi gadawyvetileba, romelic man sruliad
damoukideblad, sxvaTa zegavlenis, waqezebis da Carevis gareSe
miiRo.
obieqturi mxriv es danaSauli gamoixateba msxverplis
(momakvdavis) daJinebul Txovnis da misi namdvili nebis
Sesabamisad, STagonebuli braldebulis mier msxverplisTvis,
ganukurnebeli seniT Sepyrobili adamianisTvis sicocxlis
mospobaSi.
danaSauli gamoixateba aqtiur moqmedebaSi, pacientis
organizmSi xdeba preparatis sasikvdilo dozis Seyvana, rac
dazaralebulis gardacvalebas iwvevs.
,,danaSauli damTavrebulad iTvleba msxverplis TxovniT
mkvlelobis momentidan, e.i. evTanaziis ganxorcielebis
momentidan“.292
Tuki qmedeba ganxorcielda, Tumca Sedegi ver dadga
(preparatis arasakmarisi dozis gamo, an imis gamo, rom evTanaziis
ganxorcielebaSi sxva pirma xeli SeuSala), saxeze iqneba
evTanaziis mcdeloba da pasuxismgebloba dadgeba saqarTvelos
ssk-is 19,110-e muxliT.
mocemuli danaSaulis Semadgenloba materialuria, e.i.
aucilebelia mizezobrivi kavSiris arseboba piris qmedebasa da
damdgar Sedegs Soris. aqtiuri evTanaziis dros, piris moqmedeba,
avadmyofis organizmSi wamlis sasikvdilo dozis Seyvana, pirdapir
kavSirSia damdgar SedegTan _ dazaralebulis gardacvalebasTan.
pasiuri evTanaziis dros, ki mkurnalobis Sewyveta an sasunTqi
aparatis gamorTva pirdapir kavSirSia imasTan, rom pacientis
sicocxle ar gaxangrZlivda da igi bunebrivad dasrulda. aq
aqtiuri evTanaziisgan gansxvavebiT, saxeze ar aris sikvdilis
290avtorTa koleqtivi, sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili, wigni I, meoTxe

291
iqve, 55.
292
wulaia z., sisxlis samarTali, kerZo nawili, (saqarTvelos axali sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis mimoxilva), tomi I, Tb., 2000, 84.
84
daCqareba, saxezea mxolod mkurnalobis Sewyveta da movlenebis
bunebrivad ganviTarebaze miSveba, anu pasiuri evTanazia
iuridiulad uTanabrdeba im SemTxvevas, roca avadmyofis nebiT
mkurnaloba saerTod ar dawyebula. swored amitom saqarTvelos
kanonis ,,pacientis uflebebis Sesaxeb“, 24-e muxli pasiuri
evTanaziis uflebas legalurad aRiarebs.
samedicino aparaturis gamorTviT, xdeba eqimis mier
mkurnalobis gagrZelebaze uaris Tqma, e.i. umoqmedoba. umoqmedobad
unda Sefasdes eqimis mier rogorc pirveladi samedicino
daxmarebis Sewyveta, ise aparatis gamorTva, vinaidan misi moqmedeba
iwvevs samedicino daxmarebis Sewyvetas.293
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 110-e muxlis
Tanaxmad, gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis subieqtad gvevlineba
rogorc saerTo subieqti 14 wlis asakidan, aseve specialuri
subieqti, mag: mkurnali eqimi.294
,,saqarTvelos ssk-is 110-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli
mkvlelobis swori kvalifikaciisaTvis gadamwyveti mniSvneloba
eniWeba damnaSavis moqmedebis subieqtur Semadgenlobas“.295 qmedeba
xorcieldeba pirdapiri ganzraxviT _ subieqts avadmyofis
organizmSi Sehyavs nivTiereba da icis, rom amiT misi sicocxle
ganadgurdeba. amasTan, aucilebelia specialuri mizani _
gaaTavisuflos msxverpli Zlieri fizikuri tkivilisgan. qmedeba
,,nakarnaxevia momakvdavis daJinebuli TxovniT, raTa avadmyofi
gaTavisufldes Zlieri fizikuri tkivilisagan, magaliTad,
brZolis velze mZimed daWrili im meomris mokvla, romlis
transportirebac SeuZlebelia da sxva araviTari saSualeba ar
arsebobs mis gadasarCenad, mebrZolebi ki ukan ixeven“.296
zemoaRniSnuli magaliTi evTanaziad aris miCneuli, Tumca
mimaCnia, rom daWrili jariskacis mimarT ganxorcielebul
qmedebas, saerTo ar aqvs evTanaziasTan, vinaidan saxeze ar aris
ukurnebeli seniT daavadebuli pacientis avadmyofobis bolo
stadia, saxezea mxolod mZimed daWrili jariskaci. aseve arsad
Cans avadmyofis mier ganxorcielebuli daJinebuli Txovna, rac
droSi unda iyos gawelili. omis reJimSi Zalian rTulia imaze
msjeloba da damajerebeli daskvnebis gakeTeba, daWrili
jariskaci namdvilad sasikvdilod iyo daWrili an/da misi
gadarCenis SesaZlebloba ar arsebobda. is, rom jariskacis
transportireba SeuZlebeli iyo, ar niSnavs, rom igi ver
gadarCeboda.
ganxiluli magaliTi SesaZloa bralis gamomricxvel,
misatevebel garemoebad, tragikuli koliziis SemTxvevad iqnas
miCneuli (ssk-is 38-e muxli) da ara evTanaziad, vinaidan igi ver
293
gamovlinebis calkeuli formebi, gamomc. meridiani, Tb., 2011, 294-295.
294
ix. wulaia z., sisxlis samarTali, kerZo nawili, (saqarTvelos axali sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis mimoxilva), tomi I, Tb., 2000, 83-84.
295
avtorTa koleqtivi, sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili, wigni I, meoTxe
296
iqve, 55.
85
akmayofilebs evTanaziisTvis dawesebul aucilebel pirobebs _
avadmyofobis terminaluri stadia, avadmyofis mdgomareobis
uaresobisken progresireba, autaneli fizikuri tkivilebi,
daJinebuli, araerTgzisi Txovna sicocxlis dasrulebaze,
romelic xorcieldeba garkveuli periodis manZilze, sikvdilis
gardauvaloba, mizani _ avadmyofis autaneli fizikuri
tkivilebisgan gaTavisufleba. ssk-is 38-e muxli ,,aerTianebs
bralis gamomricxvel sxvadasxva sapatiebel garemoebebs,
romelTac pirobiTac SeiZleba ewodoT tragikuli koliziis
SemTxvevebi“.297
,,tragikuli koliziis SemTxvevebi es is SemTxvevebia, roca,
rogorc wesi, adgili aqvs TanabarmniSvnelovan interesTa
kolizias, romlis drosac warmoiSoba konfliqti, romelSic
gadawyvetileba unda iqnes miRebuli erTi maTganis sasargeblod
meore sikeTis marTlsawinaaRmdego xelyofis xarjze“.298
mkvleloba dazaralebulis sulieri tkivilisagan
gaTavisuflebis mizniT, zemoaRniSnuli danaSaulis Semamsubuqebel
garemoebas ar qmnis. sikeTe, romelsac xelyofs damnaSave, aris
ganukurnebeli seniT daavadebuli adamianis sicocxle. aseTi
viTareba unda momdinareobdes ganukurneli daavadebis letaluri
stadiidan, rac aucileblad avadmyofSi autanel fizikur
tkivilebs da amiT gamowveul tanjvas unda iwvevdes. Tuki
fizikuri tanjva gamowveulia sxva piris an pirTa
marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebiT an sayofacxovrebo travmiT, rac
gankurnebadia, an cxovrebis mZime pirobebiT, msgavsi viTareba
evTanaziis SemadgenlobaSi ar jdeba.
,,qmedebis erTaderTi motivi sibraluli unda iyos da miznad
isaxavdes momakvdavis Zlieri fizikuri tkivilisagan
gaTavisuflebas“. 299 mizani saqarTvelos ssk 110-e muxliT
gaTvalisiwnebuli danaSaulis subieqturi Semadgenlobis
aucilebeli elementia.
qmedeba rom dakvalificirdes saqarTvelos sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis 110-e muxliT, aucilebelia Semdegi pirobebis
arseboba:
1. qmedebis amsruleblis STagoneba dazaralebulis mier;
2. momakvdavis daJinebuli Txovna (Txovna gameorebul
unda iqnes araerTgzis);
3. dazaralebulis nebis Sesabamisoba (Txovna unda
Seesabamebodes msxverplis namdvil nebas);
4. momakvdavis mier gancdili Zlieri fizikuri tkivili;
5. sikvdilis survilis Sesaxeb Txovnis safuZveli unda
iyos avadmyofobiT gamowveuli Zlieri fizikuri
tkivili da tanjva;
297
turava m., sisxlis samarTali, zogadi nawilis mimoxilva, merve gamocema, Tb.,
2010, 243.
298
iqve, 243.
299
86
6. momakvdavi Txovnis momentSi unda iyos normalur
fsiqikur mdgomareobaSi, acnobierebdes misi Txovnis
Sedegs;
7. mkvleloba miznad unda isaxavdes momakvdavis Zlieri
fizikuri tkivilebisagan gaTavisuflebas.
CamoTvlili komponentebi ganapirobebs am ganzraxi
mkvlelobis Semamsubuqebel xasiaTs. ,,momakvdavis daJinebuli
Txovna, rom mouspon tanjuli, gawamebuli sicocxle, sibraluls
iwvevs subieqtSi”300, garkveul zemoqmedebas axdens masze da am
ukanasknels uCndeba survili gaaTavisuflos momakvdavi autaneli,
araadamianuri wamebisgan, misces SesaZlebloba mSvidi sikvdilisa.
damnaSave ganzrax klavs avadmyofs, magram es ganzraxva,
survili dazaralebulisagan aris STagonebuli da aRZruli.
,,dispoziciaSi moxsenebuli msxverplis daJinebuli Txovna
misi nebis Sesabamisad, gvevlineba iseT faqtorad, rac STagonebis
aRmocenebis safuZvelia. es ukanaskneli gulisxmobs pirovnebaze
iseT zemoqmedebas (Zlier fsiqologiur wnexs), rodesac mas
sakuTari survilisa da ganzraxvis gareSe, zogjer ki mis
sapirispirod, uyalibdeba survili, ganaxorcielos iseTi
moqmedeba, rac misi principebidan ar gamomdinareobs, piriqiT,
xandaxan am principebs ewinaaRmdegeba kidec. STagonebis saSualeba
mocemul SemTxvevaSi aris momakvdavis daJinebuli Txovna
braldebulze, rom am ukanasknelma mas mouspos sicocxle.
STagoneba gansxvavdeba TviTSTagonebisagan, am dros STagonebis
msgavsi efeqti miiReba TviT pirovnebis mier Tavis Tavze
garkveuli zemoqmedebiT (mag: ganwyobis SeqmniT, TviTrwmenis
ganmtkicebiT da a.S.)”301
momakvdavis daJinebuli Txovna, rom mouspon tanjuli,
gawamebuli sicocxle, sibraluls iwvevs subieqtSi, garkveul
zemoqmedebas axdens masze da am ukanasknels uCndeba survili,
gaaTavisuflos momakvdavi autaneli, araadamianuri wamebisgan,
misces SesaZlebloba mSvidi sikvdilisa.302 miuxedavad yovelive
amisa, saxezea sazogadebrivad saSiSi qmedeba, sxva adamianis
mkvleloba da igi ver ganixileba marTlwinaaRmdegobis
gamomricxvel garemoebad. mkvleloba, STagonebuli momakvdavis
daJinebuli TxovniT, sruliadac ar warmoadgens pasuxismgeblobis
Sewyvetis safuZvels.
sisxlis samarTlis kanoni mkvlelobad miiCnevs iseT
SemTxveevbs, roca sicocxlis mospoba xdeba rogorc
dazaralebulis TanxmobiT, aseve misi nebis sawinaaRmdegod.
Tanamedrove msoflio socialuri praqtika icnobs iseT
SemTxvevebs, roca uimedo mdgomareobaSi myofi avadmyofebi
TxovniT mimarTaven eqimebs an kerZoO pirebs, raTa daaCqaron
maTi sikvdili. aseTi pacientebis rolSi gamodian is pirebi,
romelnic ganicdian autanel fizikur tanjvas; invalidebi, Rrmad
300
wulaia z., sisxlis samarTali, kerZo nawili, (saqarTvelos axali sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis mimoxilva), tomi I, Tb., 2000, 85-86.
301
wulaia z., danaSauli adamianis winaaRmdeg, Tb., 2000, 51-52.
302
ix. www. euthanasia.com/ arguments against euthanasia.html, 21.03.2011.
87
moxucebuli avadmyofebi, romelTac ar SeuZliaT izrunon sakuTar
Tavze; is mSoblebi, romlTa bavSvebsac aqvT umZimesi Tandayolili
simaxinje da romelTa gamojanmrTelebis Sansic ar arsebobs.303
CamoTvlilTagan mxolod is pacientebi akmayofileben ssk-is 110-e
muxlis moTxovnebs, romlebic autanel fizikur tanjvas ganicdian.
miuxedavad yovelive amisa, saxezea sazogadebrivad saSiSi
qmedeba, sxva adamianis sicocxlis mospoba da igi ver ganixileba
marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxvel garemoebad, vinaidan yvelaze
axlos evTanazia SeiZleba marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxvel
zekanonur garemoebasTan iyos, Tumca ver akmayofilebs am
ukanasknelisTvis aucilebel moTxovnebsac, vinaidan evTanaziis
dros, ar arsebobs dazaralebulis Tanxmoba, rac gulisxmobs
piris winaswar Tanxmobas im samarTlebrivi sikeTis mimarT, rac
am piris gankargvis sferoSia. adamianis sicocxle aris
absoluturi samarTlebrivi sikeTe da piris Tanxmoba mis
mokvdinebaze ar gamoricxavs qmedebis marTlwinaarmdegobas. aseve
saxeze araa dazaralebulis savaraudo Tanxmoba da movaleobaTa
kolizia. evTanazia arc bralis gamomricxvel romelime garemoebas
warmoadgens.
,,qmedebis sazogadoebrivi saSiSroeba (sicocxlis naadrevad,
ZaliT mospoba) mdgomareobs imaSic, rom pirovnebas SeuZlia
sicocxle mouspos adamians, amitom, sicocxlis xelyofa, Tundac
dazaralebulis daJinebuli TxovniT da TanxmobiT, ver ganixileba
am qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxvel da socialurad
misaReb garemoebad. aseT viTarebaSi Cadenili qmedeba
winaaRmdegobaSia mTeli sazogadoebis interesebTan da igi Zirs
uTxris sxvisi sicocxlis xeluxleblobis sayovelTaod
aRiarebul princips“.304 aucilebeli mogeriebis drosac xdeba
sxvisi sicocxlis naadrevi, ZaliT mospoba, Tumca es sxva
Tavdamsxmelia, romlisganac Tavdamcveli Tavisi an sxvisi
samarTlebrivi sikeTis dacvas cdilobs, evTanaziis dros ki
avadmyofi qmedebis ganmaxorcieleblis an sxva pirisaTvis
safrTxes ar warmoadgens.
,,saqarTvelos ssk-ma mkvleloba msxverplis TxovniT
privilegirebul SemadgenlobaTa jgufs miakuTvna, vinaidan
sakiTxi exeba ara marto mkvlelobas dazaralebulis TanxmobiT,
aramed mZime momakvdavi adamianis daJinebul Txovnas misi fizikuri
tanjvisagan gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb“.305
danaSauli ZiriTadad xorcieldeba imis gamo, rom damnaSave
darwmunebulia dazaralebulis senis ganukurnelobaSi, romelic
sastiki tkivilebiT tanjavs avadmyofs da aTavisuflebs
wamebisagan, magram yuradRebas ar aqcevs imas, rom yvelaze
sanukvarisagan _ sicocxlisagan aTavisuflebs mas, rac
danaSaulia.
303
304surgulaZe l., sisxlis samarTali, Tb., 2005, 282.
305
88
amrigad, aqtiuri evTanazia saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT
akrZalulia.
saqarTvelos kanonSi ,,pacientis uflebebis Sesaxeb“,
xazgasmiT aris aRniSnuli, rom evTanazia samedicino personals
ekrZaleba da yovelmxriv dauSvebelia, Tumca amave kanonis 24-e
muxli pasiuri evTanaziis uflebas legalurad aRiarebs. ,,kerZod,
24-e muxlSi Cawerilia: ,,saqarTvelos moqalaqes ufleba aqvs
winaswar werilobiT gamoxatos neba (Tanxmoba an uari), ugono
mdgomareobaSi aRmoCenisas an gacnobierebuli gadawyvetilebis
miRebis unaris dakargvisas misTvis sareanimacio, sicocxlis
SemanarCunebeli an paliatiuri mkurnalobis Catarebis Sesaxeb, Tu
miTiTebuli garemoebebi gamowveulia: ukurnebeli daavadebis
terminaluri stadiiT“.306 e.i. pacients eZleva gadawyvetilebis
miRebis SesaZlebloba, Caitaros Tu ara mkurnaloba da
gaixangrZlivos Tu ara sicocxle. anu am kanonis mixedviT,
calkeul SemTxvevebSi eqims aqvs ufleba, pacientis namdvili nebis
Sesabamisad, gamourTos mas sunTqvis aparati, Seuwyvitos uSedego
mkurnaloba, rac sabolood, pacientis bunebriv sikvdils
gamoiwvevs, magram rogorc ukve aRiniSna, ar aCqarebs mas.
saqarTvelos kanoni ,,pacientis uflebebis Sesaxeb“ calkeuli
pirobebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, uSvebs pasiur evTanazias. faqtia,
rom saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba pasiur evTanazias cnobs, rac
aucileblad unda aisaxos saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsSi.
saqarTvelos kanoni ,,pacientis uflebebis Sesaxeb“
vrceldeba:
 mxolod saqarTvelos moqalaqeze;
 mxolod ganukurneli seniT daavadebul avadmyofze;
 pirze, romelsac iseTi daavadeba sWirs, rac mis
invalidobas gamoiwvevs;
amasTan, ,,daculi unda iyos nebis gamovlenis forma da
gansazRvruli unda iyos nebis ganmaxorcielebeli pirebi, kerZod:
 pirma neba saR gonebaze yofnis dros unda gamoxatos;
 nebis aRmasrulebeli SeiZleba iyos mxolod
specialuri subieqti _ eqimi“.307
qmedeba, romelic CamoTvlil pirobebs ar akmayofilebs,
scildeba kanonis am normis moqmedebis sferos da misi
kvalifikacia saqarTvelos ssk-is 110-e muxliT moxdeba.
im SemTxvevaSi, roca saxeze araa ganukurneli avadmyofis an
misi axlo naTesavis moTxovna aparatis gamorTvasTan
dakavSirebiT da pacienti ar aris ugono mdgomareobaSi, eqimis
mier aparatis gamorTva da Sedegad pacientis gardacvaleba,
dakvalificirdeba ssk-is 108-e muxliT da ara ssk-is 109-e muxlis
me-2 nawilis ,,b“ qvepunqtiT _ ganzrax mkvleloba damnaSavisaTvis
306
307
89
winaswar SecnobiT umweo mdgomareobaSi myofisa, vinaidan eqims
pacientis umweo mdgomareoba danaSaulis Cadenis gasaadvileblad
ar gamouyenebia. pacienti sicocxlisaTvis saSiS mdgomareobaSi
ukve rom ar yofiliyo, mas aparatidan gamorTviT ver moklavdnen.
,,janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis 148-e
muxlis Tanaxmad:
1. terminalur stadiaSi myof qmedunarian, gacnobierebul
gadawyvetilebis miRebis unaris mqone avadmyofs ufleba aqvs,
uari ganacxados sareanimacio, sicocxlis SemanarCunebel an
paliatiur mkurnalobaze an/da paliatiur mzrunvelobaze;
2. terminalur stadiaSi avadmyofis ugono mdgomareobaSi
yofnis SemTxvevaSi avadmyofis naTesavs an kanonier
warmomadgenels ufleba aqvs momakvdavi adamianis Rirsebis
dacviT da misi (pacientis) pirovnuli Sexedulebebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, uari ganacxados sareanimacio, sicocxlis
SemanarCunebel an paliatiur mkurnalobaze an/da paliatiur
mzrunvelobaze.
sicocxlis gamaxangrZlivebeli saSualebebis gamoyenebaze
uaris Tqmis procedura, pacientisa da eqimis urTierTobis
informirebuli Tanxmobis modelis principebi detaluradaa
mowesrigebuli ,,pacientis uflebebis Sesaxeb“ kanonis 23-26-e
muxlebiT, romelTa Sesabamisad:
a) qmedunarian da gacnobierebuli gadawyvetilebis miRebis
unaris mqone pacients ufleba aqvs, mkurnalobis nebismier etapze,
uari ganacxados samedicino momsaxurebaze, sicocxlis
gamaxangrZlivebeli aparatis gamorTvis CaTvliT.
b) Tu pacienti imyofeba ugono mdgomareobaSi, aRniSnul
uflebas axorcielebs avadmyofis naTesavi an misi kanonieri
warmomadgeneli.
g) ,,eqimis upiratesoba samarTlebriv sferoSi“ mxolod
pacientis naTesavis an misi kanonieri warmomadgenlis
gadawyvetilebas exeba.Aam SemTxvevaSi igi situacias afasebs
pacientis janmrTelobis interesebidan gamomdinare.
rodesac pacienti ugono mdgomareobaSia da mas esaWiroeba
samedicino momsaxureba, romlis ganxorcielebis gareSec
gardauvalia pacientis sikvdili, dainvalideba an janmrTelobis
sxvagvari gauareseba da pacientis naTesavis an kanonieri
warmomadgenlis moZebna ver xerxdeba, an Tu aseTi piri samedicino
momsaxurebis winaaRmdegia, maSin eqimi valdebulia pacientis
interesebidan gamomdinare imoqmedos Tavisi Sexedulebisamebr.
aqedan gamomdinare, eqimi valdebulia, ixsnas pacienti
sikvdilisagan, roca amas ewinaaRmdegeba pacientis naTesavi an misi
kanonieri warmomadgeneli, xolo TviTon pacients survilis
dafiqsirebis SesaZlebloba ar aqvs (ugonodaa), aseT dros
ivaraudeba, rom pacienti mkurnalobis gagrZelebis momxre
iqneboda, vinaidan uaryofiTi pasuxi mxolod maSin ganixileba,
rogorc gasaTvaliswinebeli realoba, roca aRniSnuli winaswar
werilobiT aris dafiqsirebuli Tavad pacientis mier, Tumca eqims
ar aqvs ufleba aqtiurad daexmaros pacients sikvdilSi, roca
90
arsebobs Tundac orives _ pacientis da misi naTesavis an
kanonieri warmomadgenlis Tanxmoba. pacients aqvs SesaZლebloba,
Tavad Tqvas uari da aRar gaagrZelos mkurnaloba, magram arc
eqims da arc sxva romelime pirs (naTesavs, megobars da a.S.) ar
aqvs ufleba, daexmaros pacients sikvdilis daCqarebaSi.
amdenad, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT daSvebulia pasiuri
evTanazia, magram akrZalulia aqtiuri evTanazia, rac mkvlelobis
privilegirebul saxed ganixileba (muxli 110-e).
,,sadavod iTvleba sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, eqimis mier
gadarCenis Sanss moklebuli pacientisTvis samedicino aparatis
gamorTva moqmedebad iTvleba Tu umoqmedobad. qmedebis moqmedebad
an umoqmedobad aRiarebis ZiriTadi kriteriumi, problematur
SemTxvevaSi aris ara is, iyenebs Tu ara piri sxeulebriv Zalas,
aramed am qmedebis socialuri mniSvneloba. eqimis qmedebis
Sefasebisas gadamwyvetia is, rom igi aparaturis gamorTviT uars
ambobs pacientis mkurnalobaze. aq adgili aqvs ara moqmedebas,
aramed eqimis mier mkurnalobis gagrZelebaze uaris Tqmas, e.i.
umoqmedobas“.308
,,literaturaSi paralels avleben dasaRupad ganwiruli
pirisaTvis eqimis mier yovelgvari teqnikis gareSe
ganxorcielebul pirveladi samedicino daxmarebis Sewyvetasa da
aparatis gamorTvas Soris. Tu eqimi pirvelad samedicino
daxmarebas Sewyvets, misi qmedebis socialuri arsi umoqmedobaa.
aseve unda Sefasdes eqimis mier daxmarebis Sewyveta iq, sadac
gadamrCeni mizezobriobis jaWvSi teqnikaa CarTuli, miuxedavad
imisa, rom eqimi, an misi davalebiT samedicino personali am
qmedebis ganxorcielebisas energias Zabavs, qmedeba mainc
umoqmedobad unda CaiTvalos misi normatiuli mniSvnelobidan
gamomdinare, radgan sxeulebrivi moZraoba _ aparatis gamorTva,
samedicino daxmarebis Sewyvetas iwvevs“.309
sainteresoa sakiTxi, rogor kvalificirdeba qmedeba _
moqmedebiT Tu umoqmedobiT, roca aparats gamorTavs ara eqimi,
aramed sxva piri, is, visac aparati ar CaurTavs.
,,amasTan dakavSirebiT sworad unda CaiTvalos literaturaSi
gamoTqmuli mosazreba, rom Tu aparats gamorTavs ara eqimi, aramed
mag: pacientis axlobeli, adgili aqvs moqmedebas, radgan pacientis
axlobels misi samedicino momsaxureba ar avalia. igi amiT sxva
piris mier dafuZnebul gadamrCen mizezobriobas uSlis xels. mZime
avadmyofi pacientisTvis aparatis gamorTvis gamo pacientis
axloblis sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis gamoricxva
bralis (gasakicxaobis) ararsebobis safuZvelzea SesaZlebeli“310,
mag: piri Tavis ganukurnebeli seniT daavadebul mamas, romelic
ramdenime dRe ugono mdgomareobaSia, aparats gamourTavs, radgan
icis, rom mamamiss ugono mdgomareobaSi yofnas sikvdili erCia.
mocemul SemTxvevaSi piri mkvlelobisTvis ar daisjeba, magram
308
mWedliSvili-hedrixi q., sisxlis samarTali, zogadi nawili II, danaSaulis
gamovlinebis calkeuli formebi, gamomc. meridiani, Tb., 2011, 294.
309
iqve, 294-295.
310
iqve, 295.
91
Tuki piri samedicino aparats gamourTavs mZime avadmyof mamas,
radgan mas memkvidreobis swrafad miReba surs, amjerad brali
(gasakicxaoba) ar gamoiricxeba da igi pasuxs mkvlelobisTvis
agebs.311 am SemTxvevaSi saxezea mkvleloba angarebiT (ssk-is 109-e
muxli). aRniSnuli midgoma marTebulia, vinaidan obieqturad
qmedebaSi brals udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba, aseve imas, Tu ra
mizniT ganaxorciela pirma moqmedeba, avadmyofis tanjvisgan
gaTavisuflebis mizniT, Tu sxva qvena grZnobiT.
guram naWyebia miuTiTebs, rom ,,brali sazogadod aris
pasuxismgeblobis pozitiuri da negatiuri Aaspeqtebis kavSiris
forma. pozitiuri pasuxismgebloba bralis, rogorc
upasuxismgeblobis sinonimis logikuri safuZvelia, radgan
,,pasuxismgebloba“ rom ara, arc ,,upasuxismgebloba“ iqneboda
SesaZlebeli. brali, Tavis mxriv, negatiuri pasuxismgeblobis
safuZvelia, radgan subieqti negatiuri wesiT pasuxs agebs Tavisi
upasuxismgeblo qmedebisTvis“.312 igi brals Semdegnairad
gansazRvravs _ ,,brali aris normatiulad dadgenili
valdebulebisadmi subieqtis upasuxismgeblo damokidebuleba,
rogorc antisazogadoebrivi qmedebis subieqturi mizezi, romelic
negatiuri pasuxismgeblobis safuZvelia“.313
ganxilul magaliTSi Svilis upasuxismgeblo
damokidebuleba gamovlinda mamis sicocxlisadmi maSin, roca man
angarebiT mamas samedicino aparati gamourTo, riTac Svilma
Caidina antisazogadoebrivi qmedeba, ramac samarTliT daculi
sikeTe (mamis sicocxle) xelyo da rac, Tavis mxriv, Svilis
negatiuri pasuxismgeblobis safuZvelia, vinaidan Cadenili
upasuxismgeblobisTvis igi pasuxs agebs kanonis winaSe.
,,avstriis da germaniis sisxlis samarTlis literaturaSi
gamoTqmulia sxvagvari mosazreba. rogorc eqimi, aseve
arasamedicino personali samedicino mowyobilobis gamorTvisa da
pacientis sikvdilis daCqarebisas axorcieleben ara umoqmedobas,
aramed moqmedebas. dasjadobis sakiTxi aris ara moqmedebisa da
umoqmedobis erTmaneTisagan gamijvnis, aramed qmedebis socialuri
adekvatobisa da araadekvatobis, e.i. amkrZalavi normis sazRvris
da dakisrebuli movaleobis xelyofis sakiTxi. aparatis
gamorTvisas piri ar daisjeba imis gamo, rom misi es
gadawyvetileba pacientis interesebidan gamomdinareobs. Tu ar
dgindeba, pirma moqmedebiT ganaxorciela danaSauli Tu
umoqmedobiT, man umoqmedobisTvis unda agos pasuxi“. 314
qarTulma kanonmdeblobam Sualeduri pozicia airCia, Tumca
vTvli, rom evTanaziasTan mimarTebaSi kanoni arasrulyofilia.
faqtia, rom evTanaziis garkveuli saxiT dekriminalizacia
msoflios tendenciaa, XXI saukuneSi zogma qveyanam aqtiuri
311
gamovlinebis calkeuli formebi, gamomc. meridiani, Tb., 2011, 295.
312
naWyebia g., sisxlis samarTali, zogadi nawili, saxelmZRvanelo, Tb., 2011, 362.
313
iqve, 362.
314
mWedliSvili-hedrixi q., dasax. naSro., 295-296.
92
evTanazia legalurad gamoacxada, qveyanaTa didi nawili ki dResac
aqtiuri msjelobis reJimSia, moaxdinos Tu ara evTanaziis
dekriminalizacia.
saqarTveloSi evTanaziis sasamarTlo praqtika ar arsebobs.
dRemde ssk-is 110-e muxliT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna ar
yofila dawyebuli da arc ganaCeni arsebobs.
saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba praqtikulad scnobs pasiur
evTanazias, vinaidan saqarTvelos kanoni ,,pacientis uflebebis
Sesaxeb“ calkeuli pirobebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, uSvebs pasiur
evTanazias. saqarTvelos ssk-is 110-e muxlSi saubaria zogadad
evTanaziaze, kerZod, mkvlelobaze momakvdavis daJinebuli TxovniT,
rogorc dasjad qmedebaze, aqtiur da pasiur evTanaziaze
pirdapiri miTiTebis gareSe. iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom evTanaziis
nebismieri saxe dasjadad aris gamocxadebuli, rac pirdapir
ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos kanons ,,pacientis uflebebis Sesaxeb“
da saqarTvelos kanons ,,janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb“ (kerZod
mis 148-e muxls).
aqedan gamomdinare, aucilebelia, dazustdes saqarTvelos
ssk-is 110-e muxlis redaqcia. kerZod, masSi unda Caiweros, rom
akrZalulia ara zogadad evTanazia, aramed aqtiuri evTanazia.
ssk-is 110-e muxlis Sinaarsi Semdegnairad SeiZleba Camoyalibdes _
,,aqtiuri evTanazia, mkvleloba msxverplis daJinebuli TxovniT da
misi namdvili nebis Sesabamisad, momakvdavis Zlieri fizikuri
tkivilisgan gaTavisuflebis mizniT, Cadenili avadmyofis
organizmSi wamlis sasikvdilo dozis SeyvaniT“.
Sors var im azrisgan, rom am muxlis zemoaRniSnuli
redaqcia srulyofilia, Tumca mizani aSkaraa: ssk-is 110-e muxlSi
pirdapir unda Candes, rom dasjadia aqtiuri evTanazia, xolo
pasiuri evTanazia kanonmdeblis mier dekriminalizebulia.
aseve aucileblad mimaCnia, kanonmdeblis mier pasiuri
evTanaziis SeZlebisdagvarad srulyofili regulireba. kanonSi
zedmiwevniT zustad da Tanmimdevrulad unda gaiweros kanonieri
pasiuri evTanaziis ganxorcielebis wesi da procedura:
 ganukurnebeli seniT daavadebuli pacientis neba,
pasiur evTanaziasTan (mkurnalobis Sewyvetastan)
dakavSirebiT, werilobiT unda dafiqsirdes;
 pasiuri evTanaziis aqti dokumenturad unda gaformdes;
 dokuments xeli Tavad avadmyofma unda moaweros.
aRniSnulis SeuZleblobis SemTxvevaSi, dokuments xeli
pacientis ojaxis wevrma an kanonierma warmomadgenelma
unda moaweros;
 mkurnalobis Sewyvetas unda daeswros aranakleb 2
srulwlovani mowme (aRniSnuli mizanSewonilia maSin,
roca xdeba sasunTqi aparatis gamorTva);
 pasiuri evTanaziis faqtis mowmed yofna, mowmeTa
xelmoweriT unda dadasturdes.
saxelmwifos pasuxismgebelma dawesebulebam mkacrad unda
gaakontrolos pasiuri evTanaziis ganxorcielebis TiToeuli
SemTxveva, raTa kanoniT nebadarTuli qmedeba danaSaulis
93
dasafarad ar iqnas gamoyenebuli. Bbunebrivia, aRniSnuli exeba
ukve dawyebuli mkurnalobis Sewyvetas, vinaidan dauwyebel
mkurnalobas saxelmwifo ver gaakontrolebs, aseve ver
daavaldebulebs avadmyofs, rom jer mkurnaloba daiwyos da
Semdeg saxelmwifos kontroliT Sewyvitos igi.
saqarTveloSi Catarda gamokvleva, romlis mizani iyo
mosaxleobis sxvadasxva fenisa da asakobrivi jgufis
damokidebulebis garkveva evTanaziis legalizaciisadmi. am mizniT
kvleva nawarmoebi iqna 1995 wlidan. kvlevis meTods anketuri
gamokiTxva warmoadgenda. gamokiTxul iqna 3000-mde moqalaqe.
respodentTa daaxloebiT 90%-s Tbilisis saxelmwifo samedicino
universitetis studentebi warmoadgendnen, 7%-s praqtikosi eqimebi,
3%-s arasamedicino ganaTlebis mqone moqalaqeni. gamokiTxulTagan
aqtiur evTanazias mxari dauWira 7,5%-ma, xolo pasiur evTanazias
23,7%-ma. evTanaziis momxreTa ricxvi ufro meti iyo studentTa
Soris, xolo yvelaze dabali _ arasamedicino ganaTlebis mqone
adamianTa Soris. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia 70 wels
gadacilebul respodentTa azri: isini saerTod uaryofen
evTanaziis daSvebis SesaZleblobas.315
,,aqtiuri evTanaziis momxreTa raodenoba mkveTrad maRalia,
roca saqme exeba seriozuli defeqtiT daavadebul axalSobilebs.
am SemTxvevaSi aqtiuri evTanaziis momxreTa ricxvi daaxloebiT
22%-s Seadgens, pasiuri evTanaziis _ 35%-s, winaaRmdegi ki 43%-ia.
gamokiTxul eqimTa 44% evTanaziis momxrea, Tu saqme gvaqvs ,,tvinis
sikvdilTan“, roca cnobiereba Seuqcevadad dakargulia da
adamiani, rogorc socialuri arseba faqtobrivad aRar
arsebobs“. 316
Tavi 4. evTanaziis zneobriv-eTikuri problemebi
4.1. evTanaziasTan dakavSirebuli zneobriv-eTikuri problemebis

zogadi daxasiaTeba
315
316
iqve, 125-126.
94
,,adamianis sicocxlis xelSeuxebloba pirvelad 1215 wels,
inglisis mefis mier xelmoweril Tavisuflebis diad qartiaSi
dafiqsirda“.317
,,uflebebi, romelTac sxvagvarad pozitiur uflebebsac
uwodeben, gulisxmobs xelisuflebis aqtiur movaleobebs Tavisi
TiToeuli moqalaqis mimarT“.318 ,,sicocxlis ufleba, am sityvis
pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT, TiTqos unda niSnavdes saxelmwifos
movaleobas, aCuqos Tavis moqalaqeebs ukvdaveba, magram esec rom
moaxerxos, TviTmkvlelobas xom ver aukrZalavs? sinamdvileSi
sicocxlis uflebis amgvari gageba imas gulisxmobs, rom
saxelmwifo valdebulia, daexmaros Tavis ToToeul moqalaqes
sicocxlis SenarCunebaSi“.319 gamodis, rom sicocxle sworedac
rom adamianis ufleba yofila.
sicocxlis ufleba adamianis ZiriTad uflebas
warmoadgens. ,,ZiriTadi uflebebi, upirveles yovlisa,
saxelmwifosagan adamianis damcavi uflebebia. isini icaven
adamianebs saxelmwifos mxridan maTi cxovrebisa da saqmianobis
sxvadasxva sferoSi Carevisagan da amiT uzrunvelyofen
adamianebisaTvis cxovrebis (saxelmwifosagan) Tavisufal sferoebs.
ZiriTadi uflebebi boWavs saxelmwifos, saxelmwifo
xelisuflebas da gamoricxavs imas, rom xelisuflebas yvelafris
ufleba hqondes“.320
,,Tavisuflebebi, romelTac negatiur uflebebsac uwodeben,
saxelmwifos pasiurobas gulisxmobs“.321 ,,sicocxlis uflebis
amgvari gageba niSnavs, rom adamianis sicocxle TviTon adamianis
xelSia da misi warTmevis ufleba aravis aqvs, sxva danarCeni ki
pirovnebis sazrunavia. amgvarad, sicocxle Tavisuflebac
yofila“. 322 es mosazreba gasaziarebelia, radgan ufleba ufro
farToa, vidre Tavisufleba, e.i. ufleba moicavs Tavisuflebasac.
arsebobs sxvagvari gagebac _ ,,sicocxlis ZiriTadi uflebebidan
gamomdinare, adamians ar aqvs sakuTari sicocxlis gankargvis
ufleba da saxelmwifos SeuZlia Sesabamisad asaxos ZiriTadi
uflebis es moTxovna kanonmdeblobaSi“.323
sicocxlis uflebis dacva gulisxmobs xelisuflebis
aqtiur movaleobebs Tavisi TiToeuli moqalaqis mimarT, Tumca
saxelmwifo moqalaqes TviTmkvlelobas ver aukrZalavs.
saxelmwifo sxvas ukrZalavs piris mokvdinebas misi Tanxmobis
SemTxvevaSic ki. sicocxlis ufleba ar niSnavs maradiulad
amqveyniuri cxovrebis uflebas. es unda gavigoT ise, rom aravis
ara aqvs sxvisi sicocxlis arabunebrivad Sewyvetis ufleba, Tu
317
318
iqve, 31.
319
iqve, 31.
320
kublaSvili k., ZiriTadi uflebebi, gamomc. jisiai, Tb., 2003, 39.
321
322
iqve, 31.
323
95
saxeze araa marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli garemoeba.
sinamdvileSi sicocxlis uflebis amgvari gageba imas gulisxmobs,
rom saxelmwifo valdebulia, daexmaros Tavis TiToeul moqalaqes
sicocxlis SenarCunebaSi.324 gamodis, rom sicocxle sworedac rom
adamianis ufleba yofila.
,,adamianis uflebaTagan upirvelesi sicocxlis uflebaa,
magram aqtiuri evTanaziis momxreni adamianis prerogativebs
sikvdilis uflebasac miakuTvneben, romlis gamoyenebis sakiTxi
WeSmaritad adamianisaTvis Rirseuli arsebobis (kontaqtisa da
urTierTobis pirobebSi) Sewyvetisas wamoiWreba“.325
,,brZenis sikvdili uSiSrad sikvdilia da umecrulia mokvde
sikvdilis SiSiT _ uTqvams senekas. samecniero-teqnikuri progresi
adamians arnaxul SesaZleblobebs aniWebs, magram imavdroulad
aranaklebi masStabiT zneobriv-eTikuri problemebis winaSe
ayenebs“.326
miuxedavad mravali mcdelobisa, saerTo azri evTanaziasTan
dakavSirebiT jer ar Camoyalibebula da uaxloes momavalSi ar
Cans amis perspeqtiva, arada sazogadoeba orad aris gayofili,
zogisTvis evTanazia misasalmebelia, zogisTvis miuRebeli, amitom
aucilebelia sakiTxis sabolood gadawyveta, unda iqnas Tu ara
aRiarebuli evTanazia mTlianad, an misi romelime forma (aqtiuri
an pasiuri) legalurad.
evTanaziasTan dakavSirebiT Tavs iCens filosofiuri,
samarTlebrivi, sazogadoebrivi, samedicino, religiuri aspeqtebi.
mas hyavs rogorc momxreebi, ise mowinaaRmdegeebi.
urTierTsapirispiro mosazrebebi arsebobs imasTan dakavSirebiT,
rogor unda ganvixiloT igi, rogorc sicocxlis ufleba Tu
rogorc sicocxlis movaleoba; rogorc mkvleloba Tu daxmareba
TviTmkvlelobaSi?
aqve unda iTqvas, rom ,,sicocxlis ufleba aris damcavi
ufleba. igi icavs adamianis sicocxles da ukrZalavs saxelmwifos
adamianis mokvlas“,327 ,,imavdroulad avaldebulebs mas, aqtiurad
daicvas adamianis sicocxle. saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos
sicocxlis efeqtiani dacva“.328
,,zogierTi samedicino qmedeba, romelic xSirad hgavs pasiur
evTanazias, ar ganekuTvneba am ukanasknels, vinaidan misi mizani
avadmyofis sicocxlis moswrafeba ar aris; ase magaliTad,
reaminaciuli RonisZiebis ar Catareba, rodesac cxadia misi
araefeqturoba, an azris dakargvis SemTxvevaSi, reaminaciuli
RonisZiebis Sewyveta; an avadmyofisaTvis narkotikebis maRali
dozis daniSvna, rodesac riskis miuxedavad, es sruliad
aucilebelia _ ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos evTanaziis formebad,
radgan gavrcelebuli saeqimo praqtikaa“329, magram igi Segnebuli
324
325
arCvaZe v., dasax. statia, 20.
326
iqve, 21.
327
328
iqve, 125.
329
96
qmedebaa, romelsac Tavisi mizani aqvs, kerZod, tkivilis gayuCebis
mizani, roca sxva saSualeba araa.
RvTisgan boZebuli sicocxlea da ara sikvdil_sicocxlis
arCevani, mag: TviTmkvleloba miutevebeli codvaa, magram
samarTlebrivad ar isjeba. adamians (avadmyofs, pacients) ufleba
aqvs, uari Tqvas ara mxolod romelime proceduraze (magaliTad,
sisxlis gadasxmaze), aramed saerTod mkurnalobaze. es misi
gadasawyvetia da nebismieri iZuleba daarRvevs misi fizikuri
xelSeuxeblobis uflebas da ganixileba rogorc Zaladoba.
eTikuri TvalsazrisiT ismeba kiTxva _ xom ar aris
evTanaziis nebismieri gamovlineba mkvlelobis kanoniT
nebadarTuli forma? zogi adamiani, romlis Tvalwin axlobeli
nel-nela iRupeba da mis autanel fizikur tanjvas bolo ar uCans,
Tvlis, rom, roca momakvdavi TviTon iTxovs misi tanjvisaTvis
bolos moRebas, moralze laparaki zedmetia. Tuki am adamianis
sicocxle mSvenieri iyo, aseTive unda iyos misi sikvdilic _
amboben evTanaziis momxreebi.330
holandiaSi sazogadoebrivi azris yovelwliuri gamokiTxvebi
aCvenebs, rom evTanazia ar ganixileba, rogorc adamianis
sicocxlis xelyofa. gamokiTxulTa 80-90 procenti swored ase
fiqrobs. rodesac romis papma, ioane pavle meorem sajarod dagmo
evTanazia, evTanaziis momxre holandielTa ricxvi 5 procentiT
gaizarda. romis papis gancxadebam, romelic mTeli evropis
masStabiT aqtiurad gavrcelda, imis nacvlad, rom dadebiTi
Sedegi gamoeRo, uaryofiTad imoqmeda holandiis sazogadoebaze.331
mimaCnia, rom msgavsi uaryofiTi reaqcia (Tu marTlac aseTs hqonda
adgili), SesaZloa ganpirobebuli iyos holandiis moqalaqeTa
nawilis aTeisturi an ufro mZime, satanisturi ganwyobiT. aba sxva
ras unda mivaweroT romis papis gancxadebisadmi dapirispireba?
evTanaziasTan dakavSirebuli sasamarTlo procesebi
holandiaSi iSviaToba ar aris. 1999 wels holandiuri qalaqis
leovarentis sasamarTlom 6 TviT pirobiTi sasjeli miusaja eqims,
romelmac ineqciis fataluri doza Seuyvana mZime avadmyofs ise,
rom sxva eqimebs ar moTaTbirebia da ar ucnobebia advokatisaTvis.
sayuradReboa, sasamarTlom mis qmedebaSi boroti ganzraxva ver
aRmoaCina, ris gamoc mxolod pirobiTi sasjeliT dakmayofilda.332
dRes samedicino teqnika da intensiuri Terapiis meTodebi
imdenad ganviTarda, rom aparatebs, romlebic organizmis yvela
sasicocxlod mniSvnelovan funqcias asruleben, praqtikulad
SeuzRudavad SeuZliaT, gadaswion sikvdilis dadgomis momenti.
gaCnda problema, romelic pasiur evTanazias ukavSirdeba da is
sakanonmdeblo gziT unda mogvarebuliyo, amitom germaniaSi
Sewyvites im pacientTa intensiuri Terapia, romlebic didi xnis
ganmavlobaSi imyofebodnen komis mdgomareobaSi, gamojanmrTelebis
realuri Sansebis gareSe. am SemTxvevebSi eqimebi eyrdnobodnen im
mosazrebas, rom Tavad pacientic ar iqneboda eqimis am
330
ix. www. euthanasia.com/ arguments against euthanasia .html, 21.03.2011.
331
ix. sayvareliZe f., dasax. statia, 35-36.
332
ix. iqve, 35-36.
97
gadawyvetilebis winaaRmdegi, sakuTari azris gamoTqma rom
SesZleboda.333 e.i. mocemul SemTxvevaSi eqimebi eyrdnobian
dazaralebulis savaraudo Tanxmobas, rac saqarTvelos
kanondeblobis Tanaxmad (ssk-is 32-e muxli), marTlwinaaRmdegobis
gamomricxvel zekanonur garemoebas warmoadgens.
,,dazaralebulis Tanxmobis dros, aucilebeli pirobaa, rom
Tanxmobis mimcemi TviT unda iyos dasazianebeli samarTlebrivi
sikeTis matarebeli“,334 aseve ,,Tanxmoba miRebuli unda iyos
qmedebis Cadenamde“.335 rac Seexeba dazaralebulis savaraudo
Tanxmobas, igi ,,maSin SeiZleba gvqondes, roca, marTalia,
dazaralebuls ar gamouxatavs Tavisi neba, radgan es SeuZlebeli
iyo, magram arsebobs imis dasabuTebuli varaudi, rom igi
Tanxmobas gamoTqvamda, amis SesaZlebloba rom hqonoda“.336
yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, germaneli eqimebis
qmedeba, qarTuli kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, Sefasdeba rogorc
marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli zekanonuri garemoeba _
dazaralebulis savaraudo TanxmobiT ganxorcielebuli
mkurnalobis Sewyveta, vinaidan eqimebs pacientebis sikvdili ar
dauCqarebiaT, maTi sikvdili bunebrivad dadga, anu praqtikulad
ganxorcielda pasiuri (da ara aqtiuri) evTanazia dazaralebulis
savaraudo TanxmobiT, Sesabamisad aq ar gamodgeba miTiTeba imisa,
rom ,,piris mier sakuTari sicocxlis mosaspobad micemuli
Tanxmoba, sxva pirs ar aZlevs uflebas, sicocxle mouspos mas“.337
evTanazias uamravi momxre Tu mowinaaRmdege hyavs. rogor
unda gadawydes misi legalizaciis problema? rogori pasuxi unda
gaeces kiTxvas: evTanazia mowyalebaa Tu danaSauli? am kiTxvebze
calsaxa pasuxis gacema Znelia. Arogorc evTanaziis legalizaciis
momxreebs, aseve mis mowinaaRmdegeebsac TavianTi mosazrebis
sisworis dasabuTebisaTvis yuradsaRebi argumentebi aqvT. zogadi
kriteriumis SerCevis sakiTxs amZimebs TiToeuli pirovnebis,
avadmyofis unikaluroba, misi individualuroba, midrekilebebi,
survilebi, religiuroba, eTno-fsiqologiuri saxe, tradiciebi,
wes-Cveulebebi da a.S.
rogorc ukve iTqva, aqtiuria evTanaziisas xdeba winaswar
ganzraxuli CareviT pacientis sicocxlis Sewyvetis mizniT, mag:
medikamentebis gamoyeneba, romelic letalur efeqts iZleva.
pasiuri evTanziis dros sicocxlis SemanarCunebeli mkurnalobis
Sewyveta xdeba an saerTod ar iwyeben mkurnalobas. pasiur
evTanaziad unda ganvixiloT yvela SemTxveva, roca avadmyofs
samkurnalo dawesebulebidan weren, rogorc uimedos da
ganukurnebels, imisda miuxedavad, es pacientis nebiT xdeba Tu
samedicino personalis iniciativiT. aseTi SemTxvevebi ki sakmaod
xSiria samedicino praqtikaSi.
333
334
2010, 214.
335
iqve, 214.
336
iqve, 215.
337
iqve, 214.
98
evTanaziis yoveli SemTxveva eTikisa da samarTlis
poziciidan unda Sefasdes. kanoni imdenadaa progresuli,
ramdenadac zneobrivia.
evTanaziis momxreni orgvari xasiaTis argumentebs mimarTaven
da imisda mixedviT, Tu rogoria maTi argumentebi, evTanaziis
cneba sxvadasxva Sinaarss iZens. avtorTa erTi nawili evTanaziis
dasabuTebisas mxedvelobaSi iRebs avadmyofis interesebs. maTi
azriT, ar SeiZleba adamians, romelic metismetad itanjeba,
wavarTvaT ufleba gaakeTos arCevani wamebul sicocxlesa da am
wamebisagan mxsnel sikvdils Soris da is eqimi an sxva adamiani,
vinc daexmareba aseT avadmyofs, sicocxlis xelovnurad SewyvetiT,
gadadgas nabiji yofnidan aryofnisaken, ar SeiZleba
gavasamarTloT rogorc mkvleli, radgan qmedebis motivatori
avadmyofis tanjuli sicocxlisgan gaTavisuflebaa maSin, roca es
sicocxle Tavad avadmyofs aRar surs.338
evTanaziis yvelaze dramatuli magaliTebi agoniur
evTanazias miekuTvneba. agoniuri evTanaziis magaliTebs vxvdebiT
gansakuTrebiT im qveynebSi, sadac kanonmdebloba ar iTvaliswinebs
dazaralebulis Tanxmobas, rogorc bralis Semamsubuqebel
garemoebas da amitom evTanaziis SemTxvevebs ganixilavs rogorc
Cveulebriv ganzrax mkvlelobas, romelic metad mZime sasjels
iwvevs. ufro demonstarciul SemTxvevebSi, rodesac adamianis
sindisi ver urigdeba im adamianTa sastik dasjas, visac mxolod
da mxolod sibralulis motivi amoZravebda, sasamarTloebi
iZulebuli arian aseTi „sibraluliT mkvlelebi“-is
gasamarTleblad metad xelovnur iuridiul argumentacias
mimarTon; ase magaliTad, 21 wlis studentma tyviis gasroliT
mokla ukurnebeli seniT (kiboTi) daavadebuli mama, romelic did
tanjvas ganicdida. sasamarTlom studenti pasuxismgeblobisagan
gaaTavisufla im motiviT, rom mamis siyvarulma da sibralurma mas
mkvleloba demenciisa da depresiis mdgomareobaSi Caadenina.339
analogiuria SemTxveva, sadac mkvlelis rolSi ukve eqimi
gamovida. eqimma Sebralebis mizniT (motiviT) gaukeTa ineqcia
(venaSi haeri SeuSva) Tavisi kolegis cols, romelic kiboTi
daavadebis ukanasknel stadiaSi araadamianur tanjvas ganicdida.
eqims Tavisi saqcieli ar daumalavs. piriqiT, avadmyofobis
istoriaSi man Cawera: „dasamali araferi maqvs. me arc danaSauli
Camidenia da arc codva. vici, rom Cemi moqmedeba kanons
ewinaaRmdegeba, magram vTvli, rom moralurad amis ufleba mqonda“.
sasamarTlom eqimi gaamarTla, magram mis gasamarTleblad is
motivi moiyvana, rom tkivilebiT gawamebuli avadmyofi faqtiurad
ukve mkvdari iyo da eqimma ar SeiZleba pasuxi agos
mkvlelobisaTvis, radgan gvamis mokvla SeuZlebelia.340
338
ix. www.pregnantpause.org/euth/liberty.htm, Euthanasia: a case of individual liberty?, by Jay
Johansen, posted September 6, 2000, 15.08.2011.
339
ix. www.pregnantpause.org/euth/tipes.htm, tipes of euthanasia, posted November 20, 2004,
15.08.2011.
340
ix. www.pregnantpause.org/euth/tipes.htm, tipes of euthanasia, posted November 20, 2004,
15.08.2011.
99
sazogadod evTanazia, gamowveuli sibralulis grZnobiT,
SeiZleba moxdes rogorc TviT avadmyofis TxovniT, ise
uTxovneladac. misi faqtiuri Semsrulebeli eqimic SeiZleba iyos
da sxva piric. aRniSnul garemoebebs garkveul mniSvnelobas
aniWeben evTanaziis momxreni evTanaziis marTlzomierebis
pirobebis gansazRvris dros.341
sxvisi sicocxlis mospoba sibralulis motiviT SeiZleba
gamowveuli iyos sibralulis grZnobiT ara marto maSin, rodesac
sibralulis obieqti momakvdavia, aramed maSinac, rodesac misi
obieqtia fsiqikurad daavadebuli an fizikurad maxinji adamiani.
mag: dedas maxinji bavSvi eyola, axalSobils dedam sawamlavi
misca, ramac Cvilis gardacvaleba gamoiwvia. am SemTxvevaSi bavSvis
mokvlis motivi namdvilad sibraluli iyo, Tumca gansjis sagania,
ramdenad samarTliania dedis qmedebis evTanaziad miCneva. saxeze
ar yofila agoniuri avadmyofis daJinebuli Txovna, ixsnan igi
mtanjveli sicocxlisgan. sazogadoebam SesaZloa dedis qmedebis
gamarTlebisTvis ,,gamosavali“ evTanaziaSi ipovnos da dedis
qmedebas, romelmac sazogadoeba kidev erTi potenciurad
arasrulfasovani adamianisgan gaaTavisufla, erTgvari gamarTleba
mouZebnos, Tumca evTanaziisTvis aucilebeli maxasiaTeblidan arc
erTi ar yofila saxeze, Sesabamisad, dedis qmedeba ver iqneba
miCneuli evTanaziad, vinaidan igi damamZimebel garemoebebSi
Cadenil ganzrax mkvlelobas warmoadgens (ssk-is 109-e muxlis me-2
nawilis ,,b“ qvepunqti).
ara marto evTanaziis, aramed bioeTikuri problemebis
umravlesobis ganxilvisas, saWiroa imis gaTvaliswinebac, rom
adamianebisaTvisac da medicinisaTvisac dawesebuli zRvris
TviTneburi gadasvla, rac adamianis sicocxlis sakiTxis Cveni
Sexedulebisamebr, RvTis nebis gauTvaliswineblad gadawyvetas
gulisxmobs, xels uwyobs adamianis sicocxlisadmi zedapiruli,
utilitaruli damokidebulebis Camoyalibebas, samedicino
mkvlelobebis gamarTlebas (evTanazia, organoTa gadanergva,
embrionul Rerovan ujredTa transplantacia, fetaluri Terapia,
defeqtur bavSvTa mokvdineba da a.S.).342
,,Tu sazogadoeba humanurobis grZnobebidan gamomdinare
daadgeba samedicino mkvlelobebis gamarTlebis gzas, igi advilad
gadava aseTi ,,mowyalebis“ mizanSewonilobis ganxilvaze.
sazogadoebaSi, samwuxarod, advilad gaCndeba socialuri da
ekonomikuri mizanSewonilobis, rasobrivi sisufTavis, klasobrivi
politikisa da sxva ideebis saxeliT mravali adamianis mokvdinebis
aucilebloba. es antiqristianuli, RvTis sawinaaRmdego ideebi,
moiTxoven adamianTa msxverpls da sakuTari Tavis sibralulis
grZnobaSic ki siamayiT Sepyrobili adamianebi, romlebic floben
civilizaciis yvela samecniero-teqnikur miRwevas, advilad
341
342
Tb., 2009, 28.
100
,,gaamarTleben“ TavianT moyvasTa farTo masStabiT daxocvis
aucileblobas ,,ukeTesi momavlisaTvis“, ,,umaRlesi miznebisaTvis“,
,,mTeli kacobriobis keTildReobisaTvis“.343
,,sibralulis motiviT Cadenil (Tu Catarebul) evTanaziazec
SeuZlebelia erT proeqciaSi msjeloba. Tavad sibraluli,
rogorc mkvlelobis motivi did argumentacias ar saWiroebs, roca
saqme dasaxiCrebul da sasikvdilod ganwirul cxensa Tu ZaRls
exeba. dasaSvebia ki adamianisa da misi wili satanjvelis igive
WrilSi ganxilva, Tundac imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom somaturi
tkivili da tramvuli Soki sazogadod ZuZumwovrebSi msgavsi
paTogenezuri rgolebisagan Sedgeba? es dauSvebelia, metic,
Tanamedrove teqnokratuli da momxmarebluri sazogadoebis
zneobrivi degradaciis gaTvaliswinebiT, SesaZloa, xSir
SemTxvevaSi TviT sibralulis siwrfelec dadges eWvqveS.
profesor J. sudos azriT, xSirad pacientis Txovnis _ ,,momkali!“
_ ukan uCumari mudara _ ,,gaiziare Cemi tkivili da damexmare!“ _
imaleba. aqedan gamomdinare, evTanaziis Sedegad zogjer pacientis
gulqva axlobelma ufro SeiZleba Sveba igrZnos, vidre
mokvdinebulma. SesaZloa, terminaluri mdgomareoba
TavmdgmurisaTvis ufro amazrzeni da damTrgunveli sanaxaoba
iyos, Tumca arc momdevno sakiTxis ugulebelyofa iqneba
marTebuli“.344
xSirad e.w. „arasrulfasovani sicocxlis“ evTanazias misi
momxreebi evgenikuri an ekonomikuri mosazrebebiT asabuTeben.
aseTi saxis evTanazia savsebiT Segnebulad xorcieldeboda
faSizmis dros. nacistebma evTanazias miakuTvnes mkvleloba iseTi
adamianebisa, romlebic „sicocxlis Rirsni ar iyvnen“. nacistebis
am barbarosuli aqtebis ganxorcielebas niadagi ideologiurad
Seumzades pirveli msoflio omis Semdeg germaniaSi gamosulma
iuristebisa da fsiqiatrebis Sromebma, romlebic asabuTebdnen
„arasrulfasovani sicocxlis“ mospobis marTlzomierebas, erTi
mxriv, areuli rasis siwmindis dacviT, xolo meore mxriv, im
mosazrebiT, rom auarebeli suliT avadmyofi da sxva ukurnebeli
seniT daavadebuli adamianebi TiTqos mZime tvirTad awva omis
Sedegad ekonomikurad dasustebul sazogadoebriv organizms da
aseTi evTanazia am organizmis gamojanmrTelebis saSualeba
iqneboda. hitleris xelisuflebam es ideebi realurad
ganaxorciela da rogorc es mas sCveoda maSin, rodesac saqme
adamianTa gaJletas Seexeboda, ganaxorciela fantastikuri
masStabiT.
4.2. evTanaziis problema eqimisa da pacientis
urTierTobaSi
,,principi àr avno~ iseve Zvelia, rogorc TviT medicina. am

343
2009, 28.
344
arCvaZe v., dasax. statia, 20.
101
princips jer kidev hipokrates `ficSi~ mniSvnelovani adgili
hqonda mikuTvnebuli. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom principi àr avno~,
antikuri medicinidan moyolebuli, yovelTvis iyo samedicino
personalis moqmedebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi da ganmsazRvreli.
albaT, momavalSic aseTad darCeba. es gasakviri ar unda iyos, Tu
gaviTvaliswinebT, rom sxva adamianisaTvis vnebis miyenebis
moraluri ufleba ara Tu medikoss, aramed sxva profesiis
warmomadgenelsac ar aqvs”.345
evTanaziis problema eqimisa da pacientis urTierTobas
asaxavs. es urTierToba mravalferovania. ukanasknel wlebSi
aqtualuri xdeba saeqimo gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi,
pacientis monawileobis sakiTxi. am problemis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva,
xSir SemTxvevaSi urTierTsapirispiro mosazrebebi aris
gamoTqmuli. ,,pacientisa da eqimis urTierTobaTa principebidan
gamomdinare, erTni moiTxoven, saeqimo gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi
pacientis uflebebis gazrdas. meore jgufi sakiTxis amgvarad
dasmas arasworad miiCnevs, radgan rogorc wesi, gadasawyvetia
sakmaod rTuli da upirveles yovlisa, specifikuri (saeqimo)
problemebi. maTi msjelobis Tanaxmad, arCevanis ufleba mxolod
eqimebs unda mieceT, pacientis movaleoba ki is aris, rom
daemorCilos eqimis mier miRebul gadawyvetilebas“.346
hipokrates fici, romelsac saeqimo saqmianobis
ganxorcielebis win yvela eqimi debs, Semdegnairia: ,,...Cemi Zalebisa
da codnis sruli gamoyenebiT vmkurnalob avadmyofs, davicav mas
yovelgvari vnebisa da usamarTlo mopyrobisagan. veravin miiRebs
Cemi xelidan momakvdinebel saSualebas da arc aravis vaswavli
gzebs avi ganzraxvis gansaxorcieleblad. yovel mxriv
SevewinaaRmdegebi abortis gakeTebis mcdelobas. spetakad da
uzadod warvmarTav Cems cxovrebas da srulvyof Cems
xelovnebas“.347
,,saintereso monacemebi gamoaqveyna msoflio jandacvis
organizaciam. socialuri gamokiTxvebiT, romelic bevr qveyanaSi
Catarda, adasturebs, rom evTanaziis legalizacias eqimebi da
samedicino personali ufro negatiurad afasebs, vidre mTlianad
mosaxleoba. aseTive gansxvavebaa axalgazrda eqimebsa da Zvel
Taobas Soris. axalgazrdebi ufro dasaSvebad miiCneven evTanazias,
vidre ufrosebi“.348
aRniSnuli ganpirobebulia Semdegi garemoebebiT:
 eqimebs pirdapiri Sexeba aqvT ganukurneli seniT
daavadebul pacientebTan da profesionalur doneze
ician, ras niSnavs aqtiuri evTanazia;
345
346
xecuriani r. (red.), 2003, 33.
347
21.
348
102
 samedicino personali zustad acnobierebs, ras
gulisxmobs evTanazia maSin, roca mosaxleobis
garkveuli nawili mocemul sakiTxze arasodes
dafiqrebula;
 Zveli Taobis eqimebi didi xnis ganmavlobaSi iseT
sazogadoebaSi cxovrobdnen, sadac aqtiuri evTanazia
danaSaulad iyo gamocxadebuli, Sesabamisad, isini
wlebis ganmavlobaSi SeCveulni iyvnen azrs, rom
evTanazia danaSaulia; swored amitom sakiTxisadmi
Tanamedrove midgoma maTi nawilisTvis jer isev Znelad
Sesaguebelia;
 axalgazrda eqimebs didi xania im garemoSi uwevT
cxovreba, roca pasiuri evTanazia dekriminirebulia,
xolo aqtiuri evTanazia sul ufro xSirad ganixileba,
rogorc adamianis ufleba.
 aseve SesaZloa iyos sxva garemoebebi, romlebic wminda
individualur xasiaTs atareben.
,,roca avadmyofis sicocxlis SenarCuneba xelovnurad xdeba,
rodemde SeiZleba amis gagrZeleba? Tu aparatis gamorTvis Semdeg,
avadmyofi mokvdeba, ra aris es _ Cveulebrivi mkvleloba, Tu
evTanazia? specialur literaturaSi Tvlian, rom tvinis
disocialuri kvdomis SemTxvevaSi reanimators unda hqondes
aparatis gamorTvis ufleba, Tuki aparatis gareSe, damoukideblad
sicocxlis aRdgena SeuZlebelia. iuridiulad aq arc
evTanaziasTan da arc zogadad mkvlelobasTan gvaqvs saqme.
amrigad, eqims ufleba aqvs Tavisi mecnieruli rwmenis safuZvelze
gamorTos aparati, roca xelovnurad xdeba sicocxlis
SenarCuneba“. 349
,,rogoria eqimis amocana ukurnebeli daavadebis bolo
stadiaze myofi avadmyofis mkurnalobisas – mxolod tkivilis
gayuCeba, Tu gardauvali sikvdilis daCqareba? aqvs Tu ara ufleba
avadmyofs, mis naTesavebs an eqims, tanjvis dasrulebis mizniT
Sewyvitos arasasurveli sicocxle? eqimebs Soris dominirebs azri
imis Sesaxeb, rom isini valdebulni arian, yovelmxriv gamoiyenon
axali samecniero da teqnikuri miRwevebi, magram borotad ar unda
isargeblon amiT. eqims ufleba ara aqvs, avadmyofs advili
sikvdilis ufleba waarTvas, Tavisi profesiuli mowodebis
calmxrivi gagebiT, vinaidan sicocxlis xelovnuri, TiTqmis ZaliT
SenarCuneba xSirad niSnavs ara sicocxlis gaxangrZlivebas, aramed
sikvdilis gaWianurebas.”350 am mosazrebasTan dakavSirebiT unda
iTqvas, rom Tuki sicocxlis bunebrivi dasruleba avadmyofis
survilia, mas udavod unda mieces mkurnalobis Sewyvetis ufleba
(pasiuri evTanazia), Tumca eqimis ufleba an amocana ar SeiZleba
iyos sicocxlis moswrafeba.
349
gamocema, Tb., 2011, 53-54.
350
iqve, 53.
103
evTanaziis ganxilvisas dgeba sakiTxi, misaRebia Tu ara igi.
erTi mxriv aris adamiani, romelic Zlieri tkivilisagan itanjeba
da misi ,,Svela“ SesaZlebelia, magram aq arsebobs ramdenime
garemoeba, rodesac adamiani itanjeba gausaZlisi tkivilisagan
aris ki namdvilad misi gadawyvetileba saRi azrovnebis da
namdvili nebis Sedegi, Tu mainc tkivilis gamo araadekvaturi
azrovnebis Sedegad aris miRebuli aseTi gadawyvetileba, rogoria
eqimis moraluri mxare, romlis movaleobaa gankurnos adamianebi
an Seumsubuqos mas tanjva, faqtobrivad klavs mas, exmareba
adamians sikvdilis dadgomaSi.
,,sayuradReboa azri, romlis Tanaxmadac, raime, erTxel da
samudamod mocemuli standartuli mdgomareobis Camoyalibeba,
erTiani „receptis“ gamowera ar SeiZleba, zogierT SemTxvevaSi
avadmyofobis sirTulisa da specifikurobis, sxva SemTxvevaSi misi
gamomwvevi mizezebis polikauzalurobis gamo. swored es
momentebia asaxuli 45-e msoflio samedicino asambleis (budapeSti,
1993 wlis oqtomberi) mier miRebul debulebaSi ,,pacientis
uflebebisa da konfidencialurobis dacvis Sesaxeb“, romelSic
kategoriuladaa moTxovnili Semdegi: medicinis muSakebis eTikuri
da profesiuli valia, nebismier SemTxvevaSi imoqmedon pacientis
uzenaesi interesebis Sesabamisad“.351
aRniSnuli sakiTxebi sruladaa asaxuli deklaraciaSi
„evropaSi pacientTa uflebebisaTvis xelSewyobis Sesaxeb“. es da
misi analogiuri saerTaSoriso dokumentebi evTanaziis
legalizaciis winaaRmdegia.
eqimisa da pacientis urTierToba msoflio standartebis
Sesabamisad, oTxi SesaZlo modelis saxiT aris warmodgenili,
esenia: paternaluri, informaciuli, interpretaciuli da
saTaTbiro modeli.
1) ,,paternalur models, xSirad pacient-eqimis „mSobliur“
damokidebulebas imitom uwodeben, rom eqimi, mas Semdeg, rac
dawvrilebiT gaecnoba anamnezis352 ZiriTad monacemebs, daadgens
paTologiuri procesebis stadias, Caatarebs yvela samedicino
gamokvlevas, gaiTvaliswinebs konkretuli SemTxvevebisaTvis
damaxasiaTebel niSnebs, miiRebs saTanado gadawyvetilebas,
romelic tkivilis gayuCebis, daavadebis gamomwvevi mizezebis
kvlevis, daavadebisagan gankurnebisaTvis iqneba saWiro. amis
Semdeg, igi saqmis kursSi ayenebs avadmyofs, acnobebs miRebuli
gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb, rom procedurebis Catarebisa Tu sxva
saxis moqmedebebze daiTanxmos igi. aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi,
eqimi „aiZulebs“ avadmyofs, rom miiRos eqimis rCeva“.353
es modeli iseTi samedicino kriteriumis arsebobas
iTvaliswinebs, romelic avadmyofis gajansaRebisTvis
351
xecuriani r. (red.), Tb., 2003, 33.
352
anamnezi _ cnobebi avadmyofis cxovrebis pirobaTa Sesaxeb daavadebamde da
avadmyofobis ganviTarebis istoria; adgens eqimi avadmyofis an misi axloblebis
CvenebaTa mixedviT.
353
gegeSiZe d., dasax. statia, 32-34.
104
aucilebelia. igi gulisxmobs eqimis absolutur damoukideblobas
_ ,,pacientis survilebi obieqturia da identificirebulia TviT
eqimisa da avadmyofis mier, eqimi valdebulia pacientis winaswari
ganwyobis miuxedavad, miaRwios misTvis sargeblianobas, pacienti
valdebulia daemorCilos obieqtur moTxovnilebebs“354, eqimi
gamodis mzrunvelis rolSi, eqimi avadmyofis Caurevlad irCevs
mkurnalobis meTodebs, e.i. am SemTxvevaSi pacientis uflebebi da
misi aqtiuri monawileoba gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi SezRudulia.
sxvagvarad Tu vityviT, avtonomia gagebulia, rogorc eqimis
mier gamotanil daskvnebisadmi Tanxmoba, avadmyofis survilebisa
da Sexedulebebis gareSe.
2) paternaluri modelisagan gansxvavebiT, informaciul
models mecnieruls, sainJinros da momxmareblurs uwodeben,
radgan mis Tanaxmad, eqimis upirvelesi movaleobaa ganaxorcielos
pacientis survili, gaiTvaliswinos mis mier miRebuli
gadawyvetileba. am mizniT, igi avadmyofs acnobs mdgomareobas,
Casatarebeli SesaZlo procedurebis saWiroebas, risks da
esaubreba sargeblianobaze. avadmyofobis Sesaxeb miRebuli
informaciis Semdeg, pacienti TviTon irCevs mkurnalobis
meTods.355
,,informaciul modelSi pacientis survili gasnazRvrulia,
ucvlelia, gamokveTilad gaformebulia; eqimi valdebulia
relatiuri faqtobrivi informacia misces avadmyofs da
ganaxorcielos mis mier arCeuli Careva, pacienti uflebamosilia
damoukideblad gadawyvitos samedicino daxmarebis saxis arCeva da
kontroli ganaxorcielos mkurnalobis msvlelobaze, eqimi
gamodis kompetenturi eqspert-profesionalis rolSi”. 356
informaciuli meTodi iTvaliswinebs obieqtur monacemebsa
da pacientis uflebebs Soris gansxvavebis arsebobis
SesaZleblobas. pacientis mier arCeuli meTodis araadekvaturobis
miuxedavad, igi ucvleli rCeba. am SemTxvevaSi gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba aqvs eqimis xelovnebasa da unars auxsnas pacients
paTologiis obieqturi suraTi da aqedan gamomdinare, Sedegi.
amitom, erTi SexedviT, eqimis roli am modelSi meorexarisxovania,
magram sinamdvileSi, gamoiyenebs ra klinikuri muSaobis
gamocdilebasa da srulyofil informacias, pacients aZlevs imis
saSualebas, rom mkurnalobis yvelaze misaRebi da swori meTodi
SearCios.357
,,am modelis mixedviT, eqimi-pacientis urTierTobaSi
pacientis roli sagnobrivia, Tavad eqimisa ki _ SesamCnevi”.358
3) ,,interpretaciul modelSi pacientis survilebi
winaaRmdegobrivia, saWiroebs dazustebas da gansazRvras, eqimi
354
355
ix. gegeSiZe d., dasax. statia, 33.
356
357
ix. gegeSiZe d., dasax. statia, 32-34.
358gegeSiZe d., dasax. statia, 33.
105
valdebulia daazustos da interpretacia gaukeTos avadmyofis
survilebs, romlis relatiuroba damokidebulia mis
informaciulobaze, ganaxorcielos avadmyofis mier arCeuli
Careva, pacientma unda gaigos relatiuri samedicino daxmarebis
aucilebloba, eqimi gamodis konsultantis, an eqimis rolSi”.359
,,interpretaciul modelSi asaxulia pacientisa da eqimis
urTierTobis Semdegi SesaZlo saxeebi:
 daavadebis xasiaTis axsna;
 SesaZlo samedicino moqmedebaTa variantebis garCeva;
 am moTxovnebis maqsimaluri efeqtiT realizacia“.360
,,sainformacio modelis msgavsad, am modelSic eqimis
movaleobaa pacients misi daavadebis, Catarebuli saeqimo
manipulaciebis, riskis da Cvevebis Sedegebis Sesaxeb rac SeiZleba
srulyofili informacia miawodos. monacemebis gacnobisa da
eqimis rCevebis Semdeg, pacienti irCevs mkurnalobis meTods, iRebs
saboloo gadawyvetilebas“.361
gasagebi mizezebis gamo, am SemTxvevaSic, pacientis mier
miRebuli gadawyvetileba yovelTvis ver iqneba obieqturi da
safuZvliani, radgan misi arCevanis kriteriumi araprofesiulia.
amitom, eqimis movaleobaa, Seqmnili situaciis axsna da
avadmyofobisaTvis swori gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi daxmarebis
gaweva. saWiroa eqimma icodes adamianis fsiqologiis safuZvlebi,
raTa uzrunvelyos avadmyofis mier anamnezis aramarto swori
gageba, aramed miaRwios pacientis ndobas eqimis
gadawyvetilebisadmi. eqimma ar unda ugulebelyos pacientis
moTxovnebi. pacientma TviTon unda miiRos gadawyvetileba imis
Sesaxeb, Tu rogori mkurnalobaa misTvis misaRebi. eqimis amocanaa,
daexmaros mas swori arCevanis miRebaSi. pacientebs ufleba aqvT
miiRon amomwuravi informacia sakuTari janmrTelobis
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, konkretuli samedicino monacemebis
CaTvliT, ganzraxuli samedicino Carevebisa, TiToeuli
proceduris SesaZlo riskisa da mosalodneli efeqtis Sesaxeb,
diagnozis, prognozisa da samkurnalo procesebis mimdinareobis
Sesaxeb. am urTierTobaSi gaTvaliswinebulia isic, rom
gamonaklisis saxiT pacients SeiZleba ar miewodos informacia, Tu
arsebobs dasabuTebuli eWvi, rom es informacia mas seriozul
zians miayenebs da aSkara dadebiTi Sedegi mosalodneli ar
aris.362
,,eqimi, mocemul modelSi gvevlineba rogorc mrCeveli,
pacientis aucilebeli informaciiT mommaragebeli, amxsneli imisa,
rom mkurnalobis es saSualeba Seesabameba mis mdgomareobas da
ara romelime sxva. aRniSnul mdgomareobaSi eqimi moqmedebs
rogorc pacientis megobari da maswavlebeli, moTminebiT uxsnis
mas saqmis viTarebas, acnobs gadawyvetilebis SesaZlo variantebs,
iTvaliswinebs pacientis codnis dones, mis profesias da
359iqve, 33.
360
iqve, 33-34.
361iqve, 33-34.
362
ix. iqve, 34-35.
106
sabolood rekomendacias uwevs mas, miiRos yvelaze ukeTesi da
sasargeblo gadawyvetileba. pacients aqvs SesaZlebloba airCios
eqimis mier daxasiaTebუli yvela alternatiuli variantidan
saukeTeso, gansazRvros misi optimaluroba. mniSvnelovania, rom
nebismier konkretul SemTxvevaSi SerCeul iqnas yvelaze misaRebi
da sasargeblo modeli“.363
maSasadame, interpretaciul modelSi pacientis uflebebis
gafarToeba ara marto mkurnalobis meTodis arCevaSi mdgomareobs,
aramed im argumentebis axsnaSic, romlebic swori arCevanis
upiratesobas asabuTebs.
informaciul modelSi pacienti Tavad iRebs
gadawyvetilebas, xolo eqimi am gadawyvetilebas axorcielebs,
pacientis survilisa da gadawyvetilebis dazustebisa da sakuTari
interpretaciis gareSe. pacientis survili gansazRvrulia,
ucvlelia da gamokveTilia, swored pacienti damoukideblad
irCevs misTvis misaReb mkurnalobis meTods, xolo
interpretaciul modelSi pacients myari da dazustebuli
gadawyvetileba ar aqvs miRebuli, misi survilebi
winaaRmdegobrivia, saWiroebs dazustebas da gansazRvras, rasac
eqimi axorcielebs. eqimi azustebs da interpretacias ukeTebs
pacientis survils, monacemebs acnobs pacients da sabolood
eqimsa da pacients Soris ganxorcielebuli konskultaciis Semdeg,
pacienti iRebs saboloo gadawyvetilebas da irCevs mkurnalobis
meTods.
4) saTaTbiro modelSi eqimi aqtiurad exmareba pacientis
im moTxovnebis SerCevaSi, romelic misTvis yvelaze sasargeblo da
misaRebia klinikuri situaciis gaTvaliswinebiT. eqimma
srulyofilad unda miawodos pacients samedicino informacia,
ganumartos mas mkurnalobis romeli meTodis gamoyenebaa ukeTesi,
amasTan, sakuTari Tvalsazrisi ar unda moaxvios Tavs. Tanxmoba
urTierTSeTanxmebis da saerTo gansjis Sedegad unda iqnes
miRweuli.364
saTaTbiro modelSi pacientis survilebi gaxsnilia da
gadasinjva srulyofisaTvis da sando pრocesSi, eqimisa da
avadmyofis gansjadobis sagans warmoadgens; eqimi valdebulia,
Seqmnil situaciaSi gamoavlinos pacientis rwmenis SedarebiT
azrobrivi damokidebuleba, ganaxorcielos avadmyofis mier
arCeuli Careva; pacientma unda gaiziaros relatiuri samedicino
mkurnalobis aucilebloba, eqimi gamodis maswavleblis rolSi.365
aRniSnul modelSi eqimi moqmedebs rogorc pacientis
megobari da maswavlebeli, moTminebiT uxsnis mas saqmis viTarebas,
acnobs gadawyvetilebis SesaZlo variantebs, iTvaliswinebs
pacientis codnis dones, mis profesias da sabolood
363gegeSiZe d., dasax. statia, 36-37.

364
ix., iqve, 34.
365
saxeebi, ornati #2, 2009, 66-67.
107
rekomendacias uwevs mas, miiRos yvelaze ukeTesi da sasargeblo
gadawyvetileba.
saTaTbiro modelis arsi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom pacients
aqvs SesaZlebloba, airCios eqimis mier daxasiaTebeli yvela
alternatiuli variantidan saukeTeso, gansazRvros misi
optimaluroba.
gansxvavebul evTanaziur situacias gansxvavebuli modeli
Seesabameba. mkurnalobis procesSi erTma SeiZleba Secvalos
meore, magram mniSvnelovania rom nebismier konkretul SemTxvevaSi
SerCeul iqnas yvelaze misaRebi da sasargeblo modeli, mag:
eqstremalur situaciaSi, rodesac realuria sikvdilis riski,
informirebuli SeTanxmebisaTvis dro ar rCeba, dayovneba
avadmyofs gamousworebel zians miayenebs. aseT pirobebSi mxolod
paternatuli modeli muSaobs, is aris viTarebis Sesatyvisi.366
evTanaziis dros, zemoaRniSnuli modelebis gamoyenebas didi
mniSvneloba eniWeba, vinaidan mxolod pacientis mier
dafiqsirebuli survili, aRar ganxorcieldes misi mkurnaloba, an
aqtiuri CareviT, moxdes misi sicocxlis dasruleba, ar SeiZleba
sakmarisi iyos mis mimarT pasiuri an aqtiuri (im qveynebSi, sadac
aqtiuri evTanazia dakanonebulia) evTanaziis gamoyenebisTvis.
nebismier SemTxvevaSi eqimi, rogorc sicocxlis samsaxurSi myofi
profesionali, hipokrates ficis Semsrulebeli, valdebulia
eZebdes pacientisTvis misaReb da efeqtur gzas, raTa am
ukanasknels mdgomareoba Seumsubuqdes da radikaluri
gadawyvetilebis miRebisgan xeli aiRos. eqimma pacients unda
daanaxos, rom gamosavali arsebobs.
im SemTxvevaSi, roca pacienti evTanazias iTxovs, xolo eqimma
zustad icis, rogor Seumsubuqos mas mdgomareoba da gauyuCos
tkivili, eqimi mimarTavs paternalur meTods, ris Sedegadac
pacients aRar eqneba evTanaziis survili.
roca eqimi ar aris darwmunebuli, rom SeZlebs pacientis
tkivilis gayuCebas, Sesabamisad, ver mimarTavs paternalur
models, igi irCevs informaciul models, pacients srulyofilad
miawvdis informacias arsebuli mdgomaorebis Sesaxeb, mkurnalobis
efeqturobisa da tkivilis marTvis SesaZleblobaze, ris
Sedegadac avadmyofi Tavad iRebs gadawyvetilebas, romel xerxs
mimarTos, imkurnalos, Tu moiTxovos aqtiuri evTanazia (ra Tqma
unda, Tuki qveyanaSi aqtiuri evTanazia dakanonebulia).
maSin, roca pacientma zustad ar icis ra surs, raa misTvis
umjobesi, mkurnaloba Tu tkivilisgan evTanaziis daxmarebiT
gaTavisufleba, eqimi mimarTavs internpretaciul models _
avadmyofis survilsa da mizans azustebs, uxsnis mdgomareobis
kontrolis xerxebs, afrTxilebs mosalodneli saSiSroebisa da
riskebis Sesaxeb da exmareba mkurnalobis proceduris arCevasa da
dagegmvaSi. am gziT eqims SesaZlebloba eZleva, ganaviTaros
pacientis azrovneba, miaxvedros, rom arsebobs alternativebi da
ar aris aucilebeli avadmyofma situaciidan gamosavali mxolod
366
ix. gegeSiZe d., dasax. statia, 37.
108
aqtiur evTanaziaSi eZebos, radgan am ukanasknels SesaZlebloba
aqvs, mimarTos mkurnalobis iseT xerxs, romelic mis mdgomareobas
yvelaze metad Seesabameba. es wesi eqimisa da pacientis
urTierTobis msoflio standartebis Sesabamisad, mxolod im
qveynebisTvis aris dadgenili, sadac aqtiuri evTanazia
legalizebulia.
maSin, roca pacientis mdgomareoba imgvaria, rom misTvis
konkretuli mkurnalobis rekomendacia SeuZlebelia, es
ukanaskneli ki evTanazias iTxovs, eqimi iyenebs saTaTbiro models
da pacients aZlevs srulyofil samedicino konsultacias, acnobs
evTanaziis alternatiul mkurnalobis sxvadasxva variantebs da
sabolood pacients miandobs gadawyvetilebis miRebas.
eqims ar SeuZlia, pacients sicocxlis sasargeblod
gadawyvetilebis miReba daaZaloს an raime aukrZalos, Tumca
Sesaferisi meTodis gamoyenebiT, eqimi cdilobs, pacienti
srulyofilad informirebuli gaxados avadmyofobisa da
mkurnalobis gzebis Sesaxeb, daanaxos, rom arsebobs sxva
gamosavali, ufro advili, vidre evTanazia (vinaidan es
ukanaskneli, marTalia, ufro swrafad aTavisuflebs avadmyofs
fizikuri tkivilebisgan, Tumca moralurad eqimisTvisac da
pacientisTvisac evTanaziis ganxorcielebis gadawyvetilebis
miReba da misi aRsruleba metad mZime tvirTia) da Seecados,
zustad gaarkvios pacientis survili da mas SesaZlebloba misces,
uari Tqvas aqtiur evTanaziaze, miiRos misTvis yvelaze Sesaferisi
mkurnaloba, xolo Tuki pacienti mainc evTanaziis sasargeblod
miiRebs gadawyvetilebas, mas gacnobierebuli eqneba sakuTari
pasuxismgebloba, rom hqonda arCevani da evTanaziis alternativa,
romelzec sakuTari surviliT Tqva uari. amiT eqimi darwmundeba,
rom man yvela Rone ixmara, raTa pacientis realuri survili
garkveuliyo da evTanaziis gadawyvetileba pacientis akviateba ar
aris.
eqimsa da pacients Soris urTierTobis zemoaRniSnuli
meTodebi metad progresulia, vinaidan ra mosazrebac ar unda
hqondes adamians evTanaziaze, Tundac mtkiced sjerodes, rom mas
sikvdilis ufleba aqvs, gaazrebuli aqvs, rom aqtiuri evTanaziis
aqtiT igi Svebas miiRebs da amisTvis Rirs yvela sxva
Rirebulebaze uaris Tqma, aucileblad saWiroebs profesionalur
midgomas da daxmarebas.
Tu aucilebeli ar aris gadaudebeli Careva, xolo pacients
eZneleba gadawyvetilebis miReba, aseT SemTxvevaSi yvelaze metad
misaRebad unda CaiTvalos interpretaciuli modeli. magaliTad, 65
wlis avadmyofi mkurnalobda leikozis winaaRmdeg. recidivis
SemTxvevaSi igi qimioTerapiaze uars acxadebda. situacia imiT
mZimdeboda, rom mas unda SesZenoda SviliSvili. amitom undoda
scodnoda, qimioTerapiis SemTxvevaSi icocxlebda Tu ara
SviliSvilis gaCenamde. swored aseT SemTxvevaSi optimaluri
iqneba interpretaciuli modelis gamoyeneba.367
367
ix. gegeSiZe d., dasax. statia, 33-34.
109
,,rogorc profesori a. zelbergi aRniSnavs ,,medicina aris
ara marto mecniereba, aramed xelovneba eqimsa da avadmyofs Soris
urTierTanamSromlobis miRwevisa”.368 urTierTTanamSromlobis
saxeebia swored zemoT CamoTvlili eqimisa da pacientis
urTierTobis modelebi, raTa pacientma da eqimma konkretuli
viTarebis Sesabamisad, konkretuli gza airCion, romelic yvelaze
swori da adekvaturi iqneba miznis misaRwevad, raTa moxdes
avadmyofis mdgomareobis Semsubuqeba, gaumjobeseba an
stabilizacia.
,,Tanamedrove medicinaSi gabatonda pacientsa da eqims Soris
urTierTobis modeli. frangi advokatis TqmiT: ,,eqimis amocanaa
SesTavazos, xolo avadmyofs daeTanxmos an uaryos es SeTavazeba”.
amrigad, Tanxmobis miRebis eTikuri wesi gvTavazobs eqimisa da
avadmyofis urTierTobis axal models, romelic upirveles
yovlisa, efuZneba ganuwyvetel TanamSromlobas, imformaciis
srul da jerovan gacvlas“.369
,,liberalurad moazrovne eqimebi miiCneven rom msgavsi
,,daxmareba“ ar ewinaaRmdegeba eTikis Tanamedrove gagebas, Tumca
maTi konservatorulad ganwyobili kolegebi evTanaziis
winaaRmdeg gamodian. maTi azriT, adamianisaTvis sicocxlis
moswrafeba ewinaaRmdegeba medicinis umniSvnelovanes princips,
romelic hipokrates ficSia moxseniebuli: ,,arc erT mTxovnels
sasikvdilo saSualebas ar mivcem da am Canafiqris ganxorcielebis
gzebsac ar vaswavli“.370 amerikaSi arsebobs sakmaod
mravalricxovani evTanaziis sazogadoebebi, romlebic Tvlian, rom
21 wlis yovel amerikels, romelic daavadebulia ukurnebeli
seniT, ufleba unda hqondes, evTanazias mimarTos.
amerikaSi arsebobs sakmaod mravalricxovani evTanaziis
sazogadoebebi, romlebic Tvlian, rom 21 wlis yovel amerikels,
romelic daavadebulia ukurnebeli seniT, ufleba unda hqondes,
evTanazias mimarTos.
amgvari xasiaTis mosazrebaTa safuZvelze Seqmnili
evTanaziis sazogadoebebi, agreTve kerZo pirebi, romelTac sjeraT
evTanaziis marTlzomiereba, adgenen evTanaziis dausjelobis
sxvadasxva gegmas. yvela am gegmaSi evTanaziis aRsasruleblad
Semdegi mTavari moTxovnebia wamoyenebuli:
a) ganukurnebeli seni da misi ukanaskneli stadia;
b) avadmyofobis survili _ mokvdes;
g) „sasikvdilo ganaCenis“ aRsruleba eqimis mier mas Semdeg,
roca avadmyofis mdgomareobas Seamowmebs sxva eqimi (an eqimebi).
ganvixiloT es argumentebi saTiTaod:
a) unda iTqvas, rom eqimis diagnozi ganukurnebel senze
SeiZleba araswori aRmoCndes. gamoricxuli ar aris, rom eqimebi
Secdnen da is, rac agoniad moeCvenaT, sinamdvileSi krizisi iyo.
amave dros dResac, rodesac adamianis reanimacias axerxeben,
rodesac sazRvari sikvdil-sicocxles Soris TiTqmis waSlilia,
368
369
iqve, 64.
370
iqve, 63.
110
sikvdilis piras myofi avadmyofic ki SeiZleba gamobrundes.
mravali seni, romelic ganukurneblad iTvleboda, daZleulia,
SeiZleba miRweul iqnas ganukurnebeli, mtanjveli da evTanaziis
safuZvlis mimcemi senis radikalur mkurnalobas. ra sindisis
qenjna unda igrZnon eqimma da avadmyofis axloblebma, romlebmac
evTanazias mimarTes?! amas isic unda davumatoT, rom Cvens droSi
tkivilis gamayuCebeli da sxvagvari wvalebis Semamsubuqebeli
imdeni saSualeba arsebobs, rom sjobs am saSualebebs mimarTos
eqimma da maT srulyofaze izrunos medicinam.
b) avadmyofis Tanxmoba SesaZloa misi namdvili nebidan ar
gamomdinareobdes. SesaZloa avadmyofze zegavlena moaxdinon
axloblebma, romlebsac mobezrdaT misi movla, an SeiZleba Tavad
avadmyofs aRar surdes axloblebis Sewuxeba.
g) davuSvaT erTi wuTiT, rom eqims oficialurad mieces
ufleba agoniaSi myofi, ganukurnebeli seniT daavadebuli
avadmyofis mokvlisa, Tundac misi daJinebuli TxovniT da
mudariT. ra ndoba iqneboda xalxis TvalSi aseT eqims, romelmac
hipokratis fics uRalata da avadmyofis mdgomareobis
Semsubuqebis nacvlad sicocxlis isedac daTvlili wuTebi
Seumokla pacients? avadmyofs SeeSindeboda aseTi eqimis xelSi
moxvedra.
d) mxedvelobaSi misaRebia Semdegic isic, rom marTalia,
evTanaziis momxreni moraluri motivebiT xelmZRvaneloben, maT
mxolod is surT, rom eqimma gauadvilos sulTmobrZavs, romelic
sikvdilis mijnazea misuli, am mijnis umtkivneulod gavla, magram
maT aviwydebaT, rom roca adamians momakvdinebel iaraRs aZlev
xelSi, amiT yovelTvis SeiZleba isargeblos arakeTilsindisierma
pirma da evTanazia borotad gamoiyenos.
e) mTavari argumenti is aris, rom adamianis sicocxle
absolutur Rirebulebas warmoadgens da daculia dedis saSodan
dabadebis momentidan gardacvalebamde; dabadebuli sicocxlis
dacvisTvis araviTari mniSvneloba ar aqvs adamianis
srulfasovnebas an misi cxovrebis xarisxs.
,,1999 wels ,,saqarTvelos bioeTikis da jandacvis
samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis Semswavlelma sazogadoebam” Caatara
mcire moculobis sociologiuri kvleva samedicino personals
Soris (100 respodenti). kiTxvarSi Setanili iyo kiTxvebi, romelTa
mizani iyo Seefasebina eqimebis damokidebuleba momakvdavi
pacientis mkurnalobis sakiTxebisadmi. kvlevam sakmaod
araerTgvarovani suraTi warmoaCina. aRmoCnda, rom gamokiTxul
eqimTa mxolod 27% gaiTvaliswinebda gacnobierebuli
gadawyvetilebis unaris mqone, daavadebis terminalur stadiaze
myofi pacientis mier gacxadebul uars sicocxlis SemanarCunebel
mkurnalobaze, 28% aRniSnul situaciaSi upirobod gaagrZelebda
mkurnalobas, xolo 42% gadawyvetilebis miRebas pacientis
naTesavebs daakisrebda. amrigad, gamokiTxuli eqimebis 70 procenti
faqtobrivad ar eTanxmeboda im droisTvis ukve moqmed
kanonmdeblobas, romelic samedicino personals ukrZalavs
111
gacnobierebuli gadawyvetilebis unaris mqone pacientis nebis
winaaRmdeg sicocxlis SemanarCunebeli mkurnalobis Catarebas”.371
aRniSnuli kvlevis mizani iyo, samedicino personalis
informirebulobis donis Semowmeba, imis garkveva, ramdenad ician,
an sworad ician Tu ara kanonis moTxovna da ramdenad mzad arian
Seasrulon kanoni im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca mkurnalobis Sewyvetas
avadmyofis ojaxis wevrebi da naTesavebi ewinaaRmdegebian. kvlevam
aCvena, rom gamokiTxuli samedicino personalis umravlesoba ar
icnobs kanons da urCevnia, gadawyvetilebis miRebis
pasuxismgebloba pacientis naTesavebma ikisron, rac SesaZloa
ganpirobebuli iyos imis SiSiT, rom pacientis survilis
dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi, SesaZloa pacientis naTesavebma
uCivlon.372
sainteresoa ,,eqimi reanimatologis, saqarTvelos bioeTikis
erovnuli sabWos wevris vaxtang axalaZis mosazreba evTanaziis
Sesaxeb, romelic asaxulia mis publikaciaSi àvadmyofobis
aqsiologiuri arsi~. ,,igi kategoriulad uaryofs evTanaziis
daSvebis ideas. amasTan, sainteresoa da mxedvelobaSi misaRebi v.
axalaZis mosazreba, rom èvTanaziis ideologiis~ SesaZlo
damkvidrebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi mizezad Cvens qveyanaSi SeiZleba
socialuri siduxWire iqces. iseTi realobis fonze, rodesac arc
saxelmwifos da arc mosaxleobas ar gaaCnia avadmyofi adamianis
movlisa da mkurnalobis SesaZlebloba, saxelmwifo, jandacvis
sistema da mTlianad mosaxleoba advilad egueba èvTanaziur
ideologias~. amrigad, sazogadoebis nawili SeiZleba fiqrobdes,
rom sikvdilze samedicino nebarTva da sicocxlis gamosalmebac
ki ufro Rirseulad gamoiyureba, vidre tanjvis gaxangrZliveba
uimedo avadmyofisa, romelze zrunva sazogadoebas ar ZaluZs.
avtori evTanaziis legalizaciis nebismier mcdelobas
danaSaulebriv qmedebad da borotebad miiCnevs sazogadoebisa da
RvTis winaSe. misi azriT, rom evTanazia Tavisi arsiT an
mkvlelobaa (Tu igi xorcieldeba eqimebis gadawyvetilebis an
naTesavebis moTxovnis safuZvelze), an TviTmkvlelobaa (Tu igi
pacientis moTxovniT xorcieldeba), an erTisa da meoris aRrevis
formaa”.373
vaxtang axalaZes publikaciaSi àvadmyofobis aqsologiuri
arsi~, detalurad aqvs CamoTvlili ,,is SesaZlo negatiuri
Sedegebi, romelic SeiZleba mohyves evTanaziis legalizacias, maT
Soris is moixseniebs Semdegs:
 adamianis sicocxlis gaufasurebis tendenciebis gaRrmaveba,
aqedan gamomdinare sulier-zneobrivi krizisuli situaciis
masStaburobis gazrdiT;
 janmrTelobis dacvis sistemisadmi mosaxleobis ndobis
dakargva;
371
javaSvili g., kiknaZe g., daavadebis terminalur stadiaze pacientis
mkurnalobisa da movlis samarTlebrivi safuZvlebi, statiaTa krebuli,
dasabuTebuli medicina _ ganaTleba da debatebi, Tb., 2003, 74.
372
ix. iqve, 74-75.
373
iqve, 75.
112
 medicinis kriminalizacia;
 saeqimo profesiis daniSnulebis gaukuRmarTeba;
 eqimisadmi ndobisa da eqimis Rirsebis gaqroba sazogadoebaSi
da sxva”.374
,,amrigad, avtors evTanazia zneobrivad miuRebel aqtad
miaCnia da uaryofiTi damokidebuleba aqvs yovelgvari
sakanonmdeblo normis proeqtis mimarT, romelic cdilobs
iuridiulad gaaformos evTanazia da amiTi sazogadoebis
cnobierebaSi daamkvidros mkvlelobis an TviTmkvlelobis
ganxorcielebis SesaZlebloba medicinis xelSewyobiTa da
monawileobiT”.375
evTanaziis momxre medikosTa erT-erTi argumentia
ekonomikuri gamarTleba. profesorma linda peerom ganacxada, rom
1987 wlis gazafxulze erT adamians sikvdilSi ,,daexmara” _
,,miuxedavad imisa, rom es faqti yvelasTvis cnobili gaxda, aravis
wavuyvanivar sasamarTloSi. piriqiT, me damajildoves amisTvis. am
faqtma Cemi profesiuli reputacia gazarda, radgan me moviqeci
ise, rogori qcevac mosalodneli iyo kargi eqimisgan, me davzoge
naxevari milioni dolari. samedicino eTikis gaTvaliswinebiT,
linda peeros saqcieli ,,kargi eqimis“ saqcielad ver Sefasda.
eqimi, romelic ar saubrobs sibralulis motivze, imaze, Tu
rogor itanjeboda avadmyofi da aqcents akeTebs mxolod misi
reputaciis gazrdaze da naxevari milioni dolaris dazogvaze.
proevTanazistebi amboben, rom ar SeuZliaT avadmyofebs miawodon
ZviradRirebuli wamlebi imisTvis, rom mxolod ramdenime TviT
gauxangrZlivon mas sicocxle, radgan ukeTesia fuli ufro
sasargeblo rameebze daxarjon. ufro uaresi argumentia is, rom
unda ganadgurdnen ,,zedmeti“ adamianebi, radgan dedamiwa isedac
gadatvirTulia.376
mocemul SemTxvevaSi saubaria pasiur evTanaziaze, vinaidan
moxda pacientisTvis wamlebis miuwodebloba, Tumca sakiTxavia,
iyo Tu ara saxeze Tavad pacientis survili, misi Txovna,
SeewyvitaT sicocxlis SemanarCunebeli mkurnaloba. aRniSnulze
linda peero arafers ambobs da samwuxaroa, rom mas aseTi kiTxva
aravin dausva. iqedan gamomdinare, rom profesori peero
yuradRebas amaxvilebs naxevari milioni dolaris dazogvaze da
arafers ambobs pacientis Txovnaze, uflebas maZlevs vivaraudo,
rom aseT survilsa Tu moTxovnas pacientis mxridan adgili
saerTod ar hqonia (arc pacientis ojaxis wevrebis pozicia Cans)
da eqimma mxolod ekonomikuri gaTvlebiT ganaxorciela
pacientisTvis wamlebis miwodebis Sewyveta. faqtia, rom
profesoris mxridan arc sibraluls da pacientis fizikuri
tanjvisagan gaTavisuflebis survils hqonia adgili, gamodis, rom
374javaSvili g., kiknaZe g., dasax. naSr., 75.

375iqve, 75.
376
ix. berianiZe s., statia, evTanazia: ufleba sicocxleze Tu ufleba sikvdilze?
(samarTlebrivi da deontologiuri aspeqtebi), krebuli, saqarTvelos
socialur-ekonomikuri da samarTlebrivi ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi globaluri
gamowvevebis fonze, Tb., 2010, 100-101.
113
linda peerom Caidina ganzrax mkvleloba umweo mdgomareobaSi
myofis mimarT, Tumca gamarTleba imaSi ipova, rom naxevari
milioni dolaris dazoga, rac sxvebs moxmarda da igi arc aravis
gaukicxavs, e.i. mis gadawyvetilebas usityvod da gaprotestebis
gareSe daeTanxmnen, ramac mas imis fiqris ufleba misca, rom
sworad moiqca.
,,proevTanaziuri argumentia ekonomikuri gamarTleba. am
mxriv, sainteresoa holandieli eqimis SemTxveva: man erT qals
simsivnis diagnozi dausva, paraskev saRamos saavadmyofoSi
moaTavsa da mkurnaloba dauwyo. SabaTs pacients ukve
gaumjobeseba daetyo, kviras eqimi imediT savse iyo, rom pacienti
gamojanmrTeldeboda. orSabaTs, roca saavadmyofoSi mivida,
pacientis sawolSi sxva adamiani daxvda. kiTxvaze, Tu sad
waiyvanes igi saavadmyofos personalma upasuxa, rom mas RamiT
ineqcia gaukeTes, radgan sawoli sWirdebodaT“.377 aRniSnuli
evTanaziad CaiTvala, Tumca sruliad aSkara da udavoa, rom
mocemul SemTxvevaSi saxeze iyo ara evTanazia, aramed mkvleloba.
saxeze ar yofila avadmyofis daJinebuli Txovna, moeswrafebinaT
misi sicocxle, ar yofila daculi kanonis regulaciebi, rasac
garkveuli dro sWirdeboda da misi dacva erT an or dReSi
gamoricxulia; saxeze iyo mxolod daujereblad banaluri mizezi
_ sawolebis arasakmarisi raodenoba. rac ar unda gasakviri iyos,
am qmedebisTvis aravin dasjila, rac kidev erTxel adasturebs, Tu
ramdenad saxifaToa aqtiuri evTanaziis legalizacia.
,,ar SeiZleba sicocxle Sefasdes imiT, Tu ramdeni aparatia
masze mierTebuli. ekonomika ar aris yvelaferi, risTvisac Cven
vcocxlobT _ ekოnomikis mizani unda iyos adamianis sicocxlis
xelSewyoba da ara adamianis sicocxlis mizani ekonomikis
xelSewyoba. invalidi Tu Rrmad moxucebuli adamiani ar aris
nakleb mniSvnelovani, vidre janmrTeli da axalgazrda adamiani.
is faqti, rom isini ekonomikas naklebad mateben rames, ar niSnavs
imas, rom maT sicocxles fasi ar aqvs. dResdReobiT samedicino
teqnikis ganviTareba iZleva imis saSualebas, rom dRes
SeuZlebeli xval SesaZlebeli gaxdes“.378
evTanaziis problema urTulesia. am cnebaSi igulisxmeba
movlenaTa farTo wre, romlis yvela aspeqti saTanado Sefasebas
saWiroebs. TiToeuli avadmyofi biologiurad da socialurad
damoukidebeli erTeulia. mas sakuTriv misTvis damaxasiaTebeli
fsiqologia aqvs, garemosTan urTierTobis individualuri xasiaTi.
pirovnebaTa, am SemTxvevaSi avadmyofTa, aseTi diferenciacia eqims
karnaxobs, rom TviTonac diferenciuli iyos maTTan
urTierTobisas. zogadi kriteriumis SerCevis sakiTxs amZimebs
TiToeuli pirovnebis, avadmyofis unikaluroba, maTi
individualuri Tvisebebi, midrekilebebi, survilebi, religiuroba,
sicocxlesTan damokidebulebis aqsiologiuri gadawyvetis
mravalferovneba, tradiciebi da a.S.. aseT situaciaSi gamosavali
377
berianiZe s., dasax. statia, 101-102.
378
iqve, 101-102.
114
imaSia, rom, erTi mxriv, zedmiwevniT iqnes Seswavlili obieqturi
pirobebi da, erTi mxriv, moxdes wamyvani qarTveli eqimebis, pirvel
rigSi, klinicistebis, reaminatologebis, transplantologebis
mosazrebebis Sejereba, maTi gamocdilebis gaziareba.379
aseve saWiroa samedicino eTikisa da sasamarTlos
urTierTobis garkveva. is, rom eTikuri regulirebis done ufro
maRalia, vidre samarTlebrivis, mtkicebas ar moiTxovs. kanoni
imdenadaa progresuli, ramdenadac zneobrivia. amave dros unda
gaviTvaliswinoT, rom eqimisaTvis pacientis ganadgurebis
davaldebuleba uzneobaa. aseTi ufleba, potenciur formaSic ki,
sazogadoebrivi moralis destruqcias, medicinisadmi ndobis
dakargvas gamoiwvevs, sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis SinaarsSi
medicinis deformacias moaxdens.380
aseTi saxis saSiSroeba rom sruliad realuria, amas
adasturebs am ideis winaswari ganxilvac. ,,mosakvdinebelTa Soris
asaxeleben gonebasustebs, defeqtebis mqoneT da sxva ,,arasaWiro”,
,,unayofo”, ,,uperspeqtivo” adamianebs. aq ki unda SevniSnoT, rom
,,sazogadoebrivi moralis sazomad yovelTvis iTvleba maTi
damokidebuleba sulier avadmyofebTan da fsiqikurad
aranormalur adamianebTan, anu im tvirTTan damokidebuleba,
romlis tarebasac sazogadoeba nebayoflobiT da usasyidlod
iRebs Tavis Tavze, roca maT arsebobas uzrunvelyofs”,381 Torem
evTanaziuri agresia gadaylapavs qronikulad daavadebulebs,
araSromisunarian pirebs, moxucebs, invalidebs da saerTod
sazogadoeba SeiZleba mivides aseTi saxis ,,balastis” mospobis
ideamde. da maSin es iqneba misi moraluri degradaciis naTeli
dadastureba. cnobili frangi fsiqologi Sutcenbergi
statistikuri monacemebis safuZvelze asabuTebs, rom rTuli,
specialurad damuSavebuli samedicino-fsiqologiuri sistemebis
zemoqmedebis Sedegad, SesaZlebelia uimedo onkologiur
avadmyofTa daaxloebiT 13%-is gamojanmrTeleba, xolo
daaxloebiT 43% SesaZlebelia gamoumuSavdes seriozuli,
xangrZlivi remisia. es meTodebi gamoiyeneba amerikis SeerTebul
StatebSi, safrangeTsa da SvedeTSi.382
,,adamianis sicocxlis umaRlesi Rirebulebidan gamomdinare,
eqimi da sazogadoeba valdebulia, yvelaferi iRonos adamianis
sicocxlisa da janmrTelobis SenarCunebisTvis. imis mtkiceba, rom
sazogadoebam ar unda gaiRos didi xarji sruliad uperspeqtivo
avadmyofebis sicocxlis gasaxangrZliveblad, imis maniSnebelia,
rom sazogadoebis finansuri interesebi dominirebs mis zneobriv
normebze, rasac saboloo jamSi, SeuZlia gamoiwvios kacobriobis
379
ix. mamulaSvili b., statia, fsiqosocialuri toqsinebi da suicidi, bioeTika,
Tb., 2009, 32.
380
ix. Ginger Kazay, arguments against euthanasia,
www.helium.com/items/65133-arguments-against-euthanasia, 14.06.2011.
381
382
115
mier saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi SemuSavebuli eTikuri normebis
kraxi”.383
aSS-is yvela saavadmyofoSi Seqmnilia eTikuri komisiis
instituti, romelic moralis sferoSi asrulebs im funqcias,
rasac sasamarTlo _ samarTlebriv sistemaSi. CvenTan aseTi ram
jerjerobiT ar arsebobs.384
aRsaniSnavia, rom kolorados Statis gubernatorma, riCard
lamma ganacxada: ,,SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mZime avadmyofebs akisriaT
sikvdilis movaleoba, raTa sxvebs dauTmon gza”. gamodis, rom
sikvdilis ufleba sikvdilis movaleobad iqceva. proevTanazistebi
rogorc wesi, mas piradi Tavisuflebis gamoxatulebad miiCneven.
roca adamiani gadawyvets sikvdils, es, ra Tqma unda, cudi
gadawyvetilebaa, magram ra ufleba gvaqvs, Cven davuSaloT mas amis
gakeTeba _ kiTxuloben isini.385 Tu yvela ise ifiqrebs, rogorc
kolorados gubernatori, maSin gamodis, rom adamians vakisrebT
sikvdilis valdebulebas. Tuki adamianis sicocxle da mkurnaloba
ar surs, mas amas veravin daaZalebs, Tumca roca igi sxva piris
moqmedebiT iTxovs sicocxlis mospobas, es ukve ar SeiZleba
ganxilul iqnas piradi Tavisuflebis gamoxatulebad, vinaidan am
SemTxvevaSi moxdeba eqimTan uflebebis darRveva, vinaidan isini
kanoniT iZulebulni iqnebian, ganaxorcielon qmedeba, rac
SesaZloa maT survils ewinaaRmdegeba.
miuxedavad imisa, rom bevri eqimi aqtiur evTanazias emxroba,
mainc arian iseTi eqimebi, romelTac ar SeuZliaT daexmaron sxvas
sikvdilSi. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu moxdeba evTanaziis legalizeba,
yvela eqimi gaxdeba movale, Seasrulos pacientis moTxovna. am
valdebulebis dakisrebiT, bunebrivia, ilaxeba maTi uflebebi,
rasac SesaZloa eqimebSi mZime fsiqikuri travmebi mohyves.
swored amitom piradi Tavisufleba ar unda gavigoT, rogorc
sxvaze raime valdebulebis dakisrebis ufleba. yvelas aqvs
ufleba, sakuTar Tavs moeqces ise, rogorc Tvlis saWirod da
amiT gamoxatos piradi Tavisufleba, Tumca aseTi qcevis sxvisTvis
valdebulebad gadaqceva, im sxvisi uflebebis darRvevaa.
,,garda amisa, sul ufro popularuli xdeba medicinaSi
adamianis organoTa transplatacia, evTanaziis momxre eqimebma egeb
skandalurad cnobili amerikelis ,,doqtor sikvdilad“ wodebuli
jek gevorqianis nacistur praqtikasac mibaZon da axlad
evTanazirebuli adamianis Sinagani organoebiT vaWroba moaxdinon,
metadre sxvisi sicocxlis gadasarCenad. iqneb maSin saxelmwifo
programaSic iqnas Setanili evTanazia da transplataciebiT

vaWroba“.386
383
studentebisTvis, gamomc. universali, Tb., 2011, gv. 129.
384
385
ix. www.wrtl.org/legislation/assistedsuicide.aspx/Richard/Lamm, 03.04.2010.
386
116
saqarTveloSi evTanazia kanonmdeblobiT nebadarTuli ar
aris. ,,gamokiTxul medikosTa 70% misi kategoriuli winaaRmdegia.
samedicino wreebSi, am bolo dros gacxovelebuli diskusia
daiwyo sikvdilisadmi damokidebulebis sakiTxze, rac organoTa
transplantaciis ramdenime warmatebuli operaciiT aris
ganpirobebuli. organoTa gadanergva ki TavisTavad iTxovs am
sakiTxebis zneobriv da iuridiul gadawyvetas“.387
21-e saukuneSi namdvilad arsebobs uamravi samedicino
preparati, romelic ukiduresad mwvave tkivilebsac ayuCebs. Tuki
am preparatis gamoyenebas, axlobelTa mzrunvelobas, adamianur
TanagrZnobasa da siTbos davumatebT, Seiqmneba swored is
pirobebi, rom momakvdavma adamianma Tavi usargeblod ar igrZnos,
piriqiT, unda darwmundes, rom misi amqveynidan wasvla
sazogadoebis tvirTisgan gaTavisufleba ki ara, aramed
mniSvnelovani da sayvareli adamianis dakargvaa, amiT avadmyofic
valdebuli xdeba, pativi sces RvTisgan naboZeb yvelaze did
sikeTes _ sicocxles.
ukanaskneli sami aTeuli wlis ganmavlobaSi pacient-eqimis
urTierTobis diskusiaSi aqcenti gamaxvilebulia pacientis
uflebebisa da konfidencialurobis dacvis Semdgom gafarToebaze,
paralelurad ki jansaRi profesiuli saeqimo azris prioritetis
mniSvnelobazec. am Tvalsawieridan evTanaziis problemis
gadawyveta unda moxdes erovnuli tradiciebisa da ZirZveli wes-
Cveulebebis gaTvaliswinebiTac.
4.3. paliatiuri mzrunveloba
387
2009, 28.
117
4.3.1. paliatiuri mzrunvelobis arsi, mniSvneloba,
daniSnuleba
,,XXI saukunis damdegi aRiniSna mosaxleobis globaluri

daberebiT, onkologiur sneulebaTa ricxvis zrdiT, Sidsis
gavrcelebiT, qronikuli progresirebadi daavadebebis raodenobis
matebiT. yovelive amis Sedegad yalibdeba im inkurabelur
avadmyofTa didi jgufi, romlebic daavadebiT gamowveuli
mtanjveli simptomebis gamo, adekvatur kompleqsur samedicino-
socialur mzrunvelobas saWiroeben. swored am saqmes emsaxureba
sazogadoebrivi jandacvis axali mimarTuleba _ paliatiuri
mzrunveloba“.388
,,Tavisi SinaarsiT es termini gulisxmobs iseT avadmyofTa
movla-mzrunvelobas, romelTa mimarTac medicinas mxolod
paliatiuri mizani amoZravebs. eseni arian pacientebi, romlebic
daavadebulni arian simsivnis bolo stadiiT, alcheimeris,
parkinsonis, filtvebis, gulis, nervuli sistemis qronikuli
paTologiebiT, Tirkmlis ukmarisobiT, SidsiT da sxv”.389
dResdReobiT avadmyofobis letalur stadiaze myofi
adamianisTvis mdgomareobis Semsubuqeba swored paliatiuri
mzrunvelobiT aris SesaZlebeli.
paliatiuri mzrunveloba medicinis SedarebiT axali
mimarTulebaa da ,,gulisxmobs aqtiur da yovelmxriv
mzrunvelobas pacientebze, romelTa daavadeba aRar eqvemdebareba
mkurnalobas. is moicavs momsaxurebaTa mTel cikls da uadvilebs
inkurabelur390 pacientebsa da maTi ojaxis wevrebs avadmyofobis
dadgenidan gardacvalebamde periods“.391
,,termini ,,paliatiuri” warmoiSva laTinuri sityvisagan
,,pallium”, rac ,,niRabs” an ,,labadas” niSnavs. swored es aris
paliatiuri mzrunvelobis arsi _ ukurnebeli daavadebis
gamovlinebaTa SeniRbva, Serbileba, dafarva. paliatiuri
mkurnaloba evTanaziis alternativas warmoadgens“.392
paliatiuri mkurnaloba gulisxmobs ,,samedicino
momsaxurebas, romliTac radikalurad ar umjobesdeba pacientis
mdgomareoba, ar icvleba arakeTilsaimedo prognozi da romlis
mizania pacientis mdgomareobis droebiTi Semsubuqeba“.393
,,paliatiuri mzrunveloba ar amoiwureba mxolod klinikuri
SinaarsiT, igi moicavs rogorc mkurnalobis, aseve momakvdavi
pacientebisaTvis daxmarebis gawevis axal socialur-organizaciul
388
paliatiuri mzrunvelobis saqarTvelos erovnuli asociaciis, saqarTvelos
eqimTa asociaciis da medikos studentTa deklaracia, 9 oqtomberi, hospisisa da
paliatiuri mzrunvelobis msoflio dRe, 2010, 2.
389
390
inkurabeluri _ uimedo.
391
www.parliament.ge/files/1005_15713_392287_Paliatiurimzrunveloba.pdf, 20.11.2011.
392
paliatiuri mzrunvelobis saqarTvelos erovnuli programa, 2011-2015 wlebis
samoqmedo gegma, 4.
393
saqarTvelos kanoni pacientis uflebebis Sesaxeb, me-4 muxlis ,,g” qvepunqti,
2000.
118
formebs, moraluri problemebis axlebur gadawyvetas da
samedicino saqmis axal filosofias”.394
paliatiur mzrunvelobaSi igulisxmeba ,,aqtiuri,
mravalprofiluri mzrunveloba, romlis upirvelesi amocanaa
tkivilisa da sxva paTologiuri simptomebis moxsna, avadmyofTa
socialuri da fsiqologiuri daxmareba, sulieri Tanadgoma. igi
vrceldeba im pacientebze, romelTa daavadeba mkurnalobas aRar
eqvemdebareba; aseTi mzrunvelobiT SesaZlebelia avadmyofebisa da
maTi ojaxebis cxovrebis xarisxis gaumjobeseba“.395
,,dReisaTvis yvelaze misaRebad iTvleba msoflio jandacvis
organizaciis ganmarteba romlis mixedviTac: „paliatiuri
mzrunveloba aumjobesebs sicocxlisTvis saSiSi seniT
daavadebul pacientTa (inkurabeluri pacientebis) da maTi ojaxis
wevrebis cxovrebis xarisxs. es gulisxmobs avadmyofobis adreul
stadiaze dadgenas, tkivilisa da avadmyofobiT gamowveuli
gancdis Semsubuqebas; avadmyofTa socialur, fsiqologiur da
sulier mxardaWeras”.396
,,1970-ian wlebSi msoflio jandacvis organizaciis egidiT
eqspertTa mcire jgufi paliatiuri mzrunvelobis ganviTarebis
mizniT, iwyebs moZraobas 40-ze met saxelmwifoSi, romelTa Soris
wamyvanebi arian: Sveicaria, aSS, didi britaneTi, kanada, holandia,
belgia, safrangeTi da avstralia. paliatiur mzrunvelobas dRes
gaaCnia oficialuri statusi, agreTve, iuridiuli, meToduri,
klinikuri, akademiuri, samecniero da organizaciuli
standartebi”.397
,,mTel msoflioSi avTvisebiani simsivneebiT avadobis swraf
zrdasTan dakavSirebiT, janmrTelobis msoflio organizaciam
(janmo) 1990 wels ganacxada, rom saWiroa Seiqmnas jandacvis axali
mimarTuleba da Camoayaliba paliatiuri mzrunvelobis
gansazRvreba. am gansazRvrebis Tanaxmad, paliatiuri ewodeba
,,aqtiur, mravalprofilur mzrunvelobas im pacientebze, romelTa
daavadeba mkurnalobas aRar eqvemdebareba”.398
evropis qveynebSi paliatiuri mzrunvelobis ganviTareba
1990-iani wlebis bolodan daiwyo. paliatiuri mzrunvelobis
programebSi medicinis sferos mravali arasamTavrobo organizacia
(maT Soris: jandacvis msoflio organizacia _ WHO399, paliatiuri
mzrunvelobis evropuli asociacia _ EAPC400 da sxv.) monawileobs.
am organizaciebis moRvaweoba ukve gascda ganviTarebuli qveynebis
sazRvrebs da TiTqmis mTeli msoflio moicva. maTi saqmianoba
iTvaliswinebs paliatiuri mzrunvelobis erTiani qselis Seqmnas,
394
395
saqarTvelos kanoni pacientis uflebebis Sesaxeb, me-4 muxlis ,,l” qvepunqti,
2000.
396
www.who.int/cancer/palliative/definition/en, 20.11.2011.
397
samoqmedo gegma, 4.
398
iqve, 4.
399
WHO – World Health Organization.
400
EAPC – European Association for Palliative Care.
119
rac gaaadvilebs am sferoSi informaciis gacvlas da
uzrunvelyofs paliatiuri mzrunvelobis xarisxis amaRlebas.401
,,paliatiuri mzrunvelobis ori mTavari amocanaa:
 avadmyofis mdgomareobis Semsubuqeba avadmyofobis
mTeli periodis ganmavlobaSi;
 avadmyofisa da misi ojaxis wevrebis samedicino,
socialuri, sulieri da fsiqologiuri mxardaWera
sicocxlis ukanasknel TveebSi, dReebsa da saaTebSi“.402
,,paliatiuri medicina miznad isaxavs ganukurnebeli
daavadebiT Sepyrobili avadmyofisaTvis maqsimaluri komfortis
Seqmnas sicocxlis bolo periodSi da tanjvis minimumamde
Semcirebas gardacvalebis momentSi. es ki, Tavis mxriv, xels
uwyobs aqtiur evTanaziaze sazogadoebis moTxovnis Semcirebas.
mkurnali eqimis mxridan am dros, pirvel rigSi, mniSvnelovania
pacientis yuradRebiT gamokiTxva imis gasarkvevad, avadmyofis
Civilebi dakavSirebulia Tavad daavadebasTan Tu daavadebis
mkurnalobasTan, mag: wamlebis gverdiT efeqtebTan. polifarmacia
xSiria, gansakuTrebiT moxucebSi. eqimebma unda daaTvalieron
preparatebi da daniSnulebidan amoiRon arasaWiro an Seuferebeli
medikamentebi. aseTi zomebi xSirad aumjobesebs avadmyofis
mdgomareobas da Tavidan aridebs mas damatebiT mkurnalobas“.403
arsebobs mosazreba, romlis Tanaxmadac, aqtiuri evTanazia
mxolod im SemTxvevaSi unda iqnas nebadarTuli, roca paliatiuri
mkurnalobac uZluria tkivilis winaaRmdeg.404
paliatiuri mkurnalobis mxardamWerebi paliatiuri
mkurnalobis evTanaziisgan (mokvdinebaSi daxmarebisgan) mkveTr
gamijvnas moiTxoven. paliatiuri mkurnalobis upirvelesi amocanaa
tkivilisa da sxva paTologiuri simptomebis moxsna da avadmyofTa
socialuri, fsiqologiuri da sulieri mxardaWera. ,,paliatiuri
mzrunvelobis mizania avadmyofebisa da maTi ojaxebis cxovrebis
ukeTesi xarisxis miRweva”405 da ara avadmyofis sicocxlisagan
,,martivad gaTavisufleba”.
evTanaziisgan gansxvavebiT paliatiuri mzrunveloba აRiarebs
sicocxles da ganixilavs sikvdils, rogorc gardauval process;
ar gulisxmobs sicocxlis gaxangrZlivebas da arc aCqarebs
sikvdils; amsubuqebs tkivilsa da sxva mZime simptomebs; aerTianebs
pacientze zrunvis fsiqologiur da sulier aspeqtebs.406
paliatiur mzrunvelobaSi mniSvnelovan rgols warmoadgens
e.w. tkivilis marTva. dReisaTvis arsebobs mkurnalobis farTod
401
ix. www.parliament.ge/files/1005_15713_392287_Paliatiurimzrunveloba.pdf, 20.11.2011.
402
403
www.modernpublishing.ge/view_post.php?id=1&pub=16&year=2010, 15.11.2011.
404
405
samoqmedo gegma, 4.
406
ix. www.who.int/cancer/palliative/definition/en, 20.11.2011.
120
aprobirebuli, xelmisawvdomi da mecnierulad dasabuTebuli
saSualebebi, romlebic tkivils umsubuqebs inkurabelur
pacientebs. ,,umetes SemTxvevaSi (95%) tkivili, mwvave onkologiuri
tkivilis CaTvliT, SesaZlebelia kontrols daeqvemdebaros.
rodesac msubuqi gamayuCeblebi aRar moqmedebs, gamoiyeneba
morfini da misi sinTetikuri Semcvlelebi _ opioidebi“.407
bevri pacienti da aseve eqimic opioidebis gamoyenebas
sifrTxiliT ekideba. Tumca, praqtika gviCvenebs, rom avadmyofobis
periodSi maTi swori gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi pacienti ar xdeba am
saxis medikamentebze mijaWvuli. samedicino personalma Tavad unda
gansazRvros opioidebis gamoyenebis doza da sixSire. amisaTvis
saerTaSoriso organizaciebma, romlebic medicinis sferoSi
aqtiurad moRvaweoben, eqimebisTvis SeimuSaves tkivilis marTvisas
opioidebis gamoyenebis standartebi da meTodebi. samedicino
personals periodulad utardeba Sesabamisi treningebi.408
,,paliatiuri mzrunvelobis mravali forma arsebobs.
sxvadasxva qveyanaSi es formebi gansxvavebulia, radganac TiToeul
maTganSi es mimarTuleba damoukidebeli gegmiT viTardeba.
janmrTelobis msoflio organizaciis rekomendaciebis Sesabamisad,
paliatiuri mzrunvelobis organizaciis formebi SeiZleba or
ZiriTad jgufad davyoT: paliatiuri mzrunveloba binaze da
stacionarSi“.409
,,paliatiuri mzrunvelobis stacionaruli dawesebulebebia
e.w. damoukidebeli hospisebi410 (specialuri klinikebi ukurnebeli
seniT daavadebulTaTvis), ambulatoriuli momsaxurebis centrebi,
onkologiuri da zogadi profilis saavadmyofoebis, dispanserebis,
agreTve, socialuri dacvis sistemis stacionarebis bazaze
arsebuli paliatiuri mzrunvelobis ganyofilebebi (palatebi)“.411
pirveli hospisi XIX saukunis bolos inglisSi Camoyalibda.
1891 wels bankirma da qvelmoqmedma uiliam xorma onkologiuri
pacientebisTvis hospisi daaarsa. moZraobam msoflio mniSvneloba
baronesa sesili sonderzis meSveobiT SeiZina, romelmac 1967 wels
wm. kristoferis saxelobis hospisi gaxsna.412
,,imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom avadmyofTa umravlesobas
(gamokiTxulTa 80%-ze mets, maT Soris saqarTveloSi) surs,
saxlSi gaataros sicocxlis ukanaskneli dReebi da saxlSive
407
Neeta Kumar, WHO Normative Guidelines on Pain Management Report of a Delphi Study to determine
the need for guidelines and to identify the number and topics of guidelines that should be developed by
WHO , Geneva, June 2007, 5.
408
ix. iqve, 5-6.
409
410
hospisi _ specialuri klinika ukurnebeli seniT daavadebulTaTvis.
411
412
121
daasrulos sicocxle, paliatiuri mzrunveloba umTavresad binaze
xorcieleba“.413
,,garda amisa, saavadmyofoebSi paliatiuri mzrunvelobis
programis farglebSi muSaoben konsultantTa jgufebi, moqmedebs
satelefono konsultaciebis servisi da Seqmnilia specialuri
jgufebi pacientTa binaze momsaxurebisTvis“.414
paliatiuri mkurnalobis arsia avadmyofisTvis tanjvisa da
tkivilis Semsubuqeba. igi mkurnalobis erT-erTi Zviri sferoa,
vinaidan saWiroebs specialur momzadebas, aRWurvilobas da
medikamentebs, romelTa SemadgenlobaSic narkotikebicaa.
paliatiuri mkurnaloba:
1. ,,SesaZleblobis farglebSi uzrunvelyofs pacientis
aqtivobis SenarCunebas sicocxlis bolomde;
2. uzrunvelyofs pacientis ojaxis daxmarebas avadmyofobis
periodSi da misi gardacvalebis Semdeg;
3. aumjobesebs avadmyofis cxovrebis xarisxs da rig
SemTxvevebSi iwvevs avadmyofobis simptomebis Semsubuqebas;
4. daavadebis adreul stadiaze gamoiyeneba sxva saxis
mkurnalobasTan erTad, romelic sicocxlis gaxangrZlivebas
emsaxureba _ mag. sxivuri (radio) Terapia, qimioTerapia da
operacia. aseve moicavs gamokvlevebs, romelic saWiroa
savalalo klinikur garTulebebSi ukeT garkvevisa da maTi
marTvisTvis.“415
,,paliatiuri da hospisuri mzrunvelobis efeqturobis
umniSvnelovanesi pirobaa kvalificiuri personalis momzadeba da
maTi uwyveti daxelovnebis uzrunvelyofa. paliatiuri
mzrunveloba sakmao dros saWiroebs, amitomac, mniSvnelovania,
sakmarisi raodenobiT samedicino da arasamedicino personalis
arseboba“.416
kvalificiuri paliatiuri samedicino daxmarebis aRmosaCenad
aucilebelia codnisa da Cvevebis aTviseba Semdegi
mimarTulebebiT:
1. avadmyofisaTvis sicocxlis dasasruls daxmarebis gawevis
winaswar dagegmva;
2. avadmyofebTan da maTi ojaxis wevrebTan urTierTobis
fsiqologiuri Taviseburebani; rogor mivawodoT
avadmyofs ,,cudi ambavi”;
3. diagnozisa da prognozis Sesaxeb. depresiis, SeSfoTebis,
deliriumis (bodva, romelsac Tan sdevs xSiri
(umTavresad mxedvelobiTi) halucinaciebi) moxsna;
4. adekvaturi gautkivareba jandacvis msoflio organizaciis
mier mowodebuli tkivilis gayuCebis samsafexuriani sqemis
413
samoqmedo gegma, 5-6.
414
www.health24.com/medical/Condition_centres/777-792-820-3507,36832.asp, 24.05.2011.
415
www.eapcnet.eu/Themes/Clinicalcare/Spiritualcareinpalliativecare/tabid/1520/Default.aspx,
07.05.2011.
416
samoqmedo gegma, 7.
122
mixedviT da sxva paTologiuri simptomebis kontroli
samedicino mecnierebis ukanasknel miRwevaTa Sesabamisad;
5. sicocxlis SemanarCunebeli Terapiis daniSvnisa da
moxsnis wesebi da midgomebi; sicocxlis dasasruls
avadmyofisaTvis parenteraluri kvebisa da siTxeebis
Seyvanis mizanSewoniloba, Cvenebebi da ukuCvenebebi;
6. avadmyofis sikvdilis Semdeg axloblebisaTvis
fsiqologiuri daxmarebis aRmoCena (axlobeli adamianis
dakargvis gamo Cveulebrivi da araadekvaturi reaqciis
dros) da sxv.417
,,minda daveTanxmo doqtor J. sudos. ,,saWiroa sicocxle TviT
sikvdilamde mivaciloT“, raTa momakvdavma Tavi eulad ar igrZnos.
Cemi azriT, sicocxlis miwuruls aseTi pacientebi iseTive movlas
saWiroeben, rogorc keTil-saimedo prognozis mqoneni, oRond meti
yuradRebiT, TanagrZnobiTa da adamianuri siTboTi. maTi drama xom
imaSi mdgomareobs, rom Tavs aramarto eqimisagan, aramed
naTesavebisagan mitovebulad grZnoben. sabednierod, amgvari
koncefciis gzas msoflios mravali samedicino dawesebuleba
adgas, rac imedis momcemia“.418
4.3.2. paliatiuri mzrunveloba ganviTarebul

qveynebSi
417
ix. paliatiuri mzrunvelobis saqarTvelos erovnuli programa, 2011-2015
wlebis samoqmedo gegma, 6-7.
418
21.
123
,,1990 wels janmo-m mimarTa wevr qveynebs, maT Soris saqarTvelos,
rom paliatiuri mzrunveloba Sesuliyo janmrTelobis dacvis
arsebul sistemaSi. mimarTvaSi naCvenebi iyo, rom paliatiuri
mzrunveloba warmoadgens kibos kontrolis oTxi ZiriTadi
komponentidan erT-erTs. amasTanave, sxvadasxva simsivnis
SemTxvevaSi, aRniSnuli komponentebis xvedriTi wili
sxvadasxvaa“, 419 Tumca paliatiuri mzrunveloba yvela SemTxvevaSi
aucilebeli da Seucvlel komponentad rCeba.
aRniSnuls qvemoT moyvanili sqema da cxrilic mowmobs,
romlis gaTvaliswinebam mravali qveynis sazogadoebrivi
jandacvis modelSi xeli Seuwyo swored paliatiuri
mzrunvelobis samsaxuris danergvis organizaciul da finansur
xelSewyobas sazogadoebrivi jandacvis yvela rgolSi da
Sesabamisad, sazogadoebis yvela fenaSi. 420
prioritetebi msoflioSi cxra

yvelaze
gavrcelebuli simsivnisaTvis
mzrunveloba
diagnostika
mkurnaloba
paliatiuri
pirveladi
prevencia
adreuli
kibo
filtvis ++ - - ++
kuWis + - - ++
+ + + ++
kolo-eqtaluri
ZuZus - ++ ++ ++
++ ++ ++ ++
saSvilosnos
yelis
++ ++ ++ ++
piris Rrus/xaxis
saylapavis - - - ++
RviZlis ++ - - ++
2003 wels evrosabWom gamosca

dokumenti ,,evrosabWos ministrTa komitetis 24 rekomendacia
evrosabWos wevrqveynebSi paliatiuri mzrunvelobis organizaciis
419
420ix. iqve, 2.
124
Taobaze”, rogorc saxelmZRvanelo, qveynis politikuri,
jandacvisa da socialuri sferos xelmZRvnelobisaTvis.
amerikis samedicino asociacia (AMA)421 ukve didi xania
cnobilia, rogorc evTanaziis winaaRmdeg Tanmimdevrulad
mebrZoli organizacia. organizacias mtkice pozicia gaaCnia
evTanaziasTan mimarTebaSi, igi acxadebs _ evTanaziis
ganxorcieleba eqimis sandoobasa da adamianurobas ayenebs eWvqveS,
eqimis movaleobaa Seasrulos yvela saWiro aqti, rac sicocxlis
gadarCenisTvisaa aucilebeli, xolo imaT mimarT, visi gadarCenac
ukve SeuZlebelia, unda CautardeT paliatiuri mkurnaloba,
romelic evTanaziis yvelaze misaRebi da rac mTavaria humanuri
alternativaa.422
paliatiuri mkurnalobis xelis Sewyobisa da ganviTarebis
mizniT, Seiqmna amerikis ,,profesionaluri paliatiuri
423
mzrunvelobis centri” (CAPC ), romelic qveynis mTeli masStabiT
axorcielebs paliatiuri mzrunvelobis zedamxedvelobas da
ganviTarebis xelSewyobas. centris Tanamedrove samedicino
instrumentebiTa da aRWurvilobiT amaragebs paliatiuri
mzrunvelobis obieqtebs mTels qveyanaSi,424 amasTan, rogorc
paliatiur mzrunvelobaSi qveynis umTavresi organizacia, amerikis
profesionaluri paliatiuri mzrunvelobis centri Tavis Tavze
iRebs samedicino personalis momzadebas, seminarebisa da audio
konferenciebis Catarebas, xels uwyobs hospisebis gamravlebas da
maTSi momsaxurebis gaumjobesebas.425
amerikis profesionaluri paliatiuri mzrunvelobis centri
paliatiuri mzrunvelobis Semdeg fundamentur Rirebulebebs
aRiarebs:
1. TiToeuli adamianis, rogorc avtonomiuri da ganumeorebeli
individis Rirebulebebs;
2. sicocxlis Rirebulebas da sikvdilis procesis bunebriobas;
3. pacientisa da misi ojaxis uflebas hqondeT tanjvis
Semsubuqebis, molodinebis da aucilebeli moTxovnilebebis
dakmayofilebis saSualeba;
4. rom mzunveloba unda aumjobesebdes pacientebis cxovrebis
xarisxs da maT mier iyos gansazRvruli;
5. rom mzrunveli, romelic Terapiulad mkurnalobas utarebs
pacients, mas da mis ojaxs Rirseulad da keTilsindisierad
unda eqceodes;
6. rom pacientma gadawyvitos vis gauziaros informacia;
7. rom pacientma miiRos monawileoba gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi;
8. rom mzrunveloba pacientisken unda iyos mimarTuli da
ojaxze fokusirebuli;
421
AMA - American Medical Association.
422
ix. www.pregnantpause.org/euth/amagomez.htm/AMA:Anti-Euthanasia, Pro-Pain Control/Posted 9
Sep. 2000, Copyright 1997 by Life Issues Institute, 06.08.2011.
423
CAPC – Center to Advance Palliative Care.
424
ix. blogs.bmj.com/spcare/2011/11/15/us-project-aims-to-integrate-palliative-care-and-emergency-
medicine, 19.10.2011.
425
ix. www.capc.org/about-capc, 12.12.2011.
125
9. rom mzrunvelobis yvela aspeqti unda Sesruldes ise rom
misaRebi iyos pacientisa da misi ojaxisaTvis, maTi
kulturuli da religiuri RirebulebebisTvis, maTi
mdgomareobisaTvis;
10. rom mzrunveloba Catardes mxolod pacientis mzaobis
dadasturebis SemTxvevaSi;
11. rom saavadmyofoSi paliatiuri mzrunveloba diskriminaciis
gareSe iyos xelmisawmdomi yvelasTvis.426
amerikis samedicino asociaciis mizania, wevrTa 10 procenti
(rac daaxloebiT 20.000 eqimia) specialuri codniTa da
gamocdilebiT aRWurvos, paliatiuri mkurnalobisTvis moamzados
da hospisebSi gaanawilon. aRniSnuli proeqtis xelmZRvaneloba
harvardis universitetis bioeTikis profesors, linda emanuels
daevala. paliatiuri mkurnalobis 2 wlis programa 2 milioni aSS
dolaris grantiT robert vud jonsonis fondis mier
dafinansda. 427
,,aRniSnuli proeqtis ufrosi konsultanti, virjiniis
medicinis skolis profesori, medicinis doqtori karlos gomesi
acxadebs: ,,evTanazias ucodinroba da SiSi iwvevs. Cveni mizania,
rac SeiZleba bevri eqimi aRvWurvoT specialuri codniT, raTa maT
ganukurneli seniT daavadebuli pacientebis mimarT, mkurnalobis
alternatiuli, Tanamedrove da progresuli meTodi gamoiyenon”. 428
igi Tvlis, rom 20.000 eqimis gawvrTna ,,ambiciuri wamowyebaa”,
Tumca darwmunebulia, rom roca evTanaziis mosurne momakvdav
pacients evTanaziis gonivrul alternativas da paliatiuri
mkurnalobis kurss SesTavazeben, igi uars ityvis evTanaziaze.
profesorma gomesma mravali treningi Caatara Temaze ,,tkivilis
kontroli” da kolegebs paliatiuri mkurnalobis efeqturoba
daumtkica. misi mtkicebiT, tkivilis kontroli SesaZlebelia, Tuki
eqimi maRalkvalificiuria da icis Sesabamisi mkurnalobis
meTodi.429
tkivilis marTvisa da paliatiuri mzrunvelobis
profesionalTa ricxvis gazrdis mizniT, dawesebulia
saerTaSoriso stipendia tkivilis politikaSi (International Pain Policy
Fellowship - IPPF). 2008 wlidan saqarTvelosac hyavs Tavisi
stipendianti _ fati ZoweniZe.430
hospisSi mkurnaloba pacientisTvis xelmisawvdomia
avadmyofobis bolo TveebSi. didi Zalisxmeva ideba imaSi, rom
hospisis pacientebma Tavi komfortulad igrZnon. aq didi
yuradReba eTmoba pacientis sulieri da emociuri stabilurobis
SenarCunebas. hospisebis gamravleba evTanaziisgan ixsnis im
426
ix. www.parliament.ge/files/1005_15713_392287_Paliatiurimzrunveloba.pdf, p. 7, 20.11.2011.
427
Sep. 2000, Copyright 1997 by Life Issuesf Institute, 06.08.2011.
428
iqve.
429
ix. iqve.
430
wlebis samoqmedo gegma, 29.
126
avadmyofebsac, romlebic Tvlian, rom sikvdiliT ojaxis wevrebs
zedmeti tvirTisgan gaaTavisufleben.431
amerikis samedicino asociacia acxadebs, rom maT holandiis
realobis amerikaSi ganmeoreba ar surT, vinaidan holandiis
magaliTma aCvena,432 rom ,,Tu eqimi erTxel daTanxmda imas, rom man
adamianis sicocxle daasrula, Semdeg veranairi wesi da
regulacia ver daicavs sazogadoebas am eqimis qmedebisagan”.433
amerikulma arasamTavrobo organizaciebma kvlevis Sedegad
ganacxades, rom holandiaSi ganukurnebeli seniT daavadebuli
adamianebisTvis evTanaziis ganxorcielebis gverdiT, aseve xocaven
axalSobilebs da hospitalizebul SedarebiT mozrdil bavSvebs,
romelTa sicocxlis xarisxi dabali maCvenebliT aris Sefasebuli.
igive xdeba SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebis mimarTac.434
paliatiuri mzrunveloba aSS-Si 70-ian wlebis dasawyisSi
Camoyalibda. axla iq ukve 4500 hospisia. erTaderTi Stati, sadac
aqtiuri evTanazia daSvebulia, aSS-s oregonis Statia, Tumca am
StatSi, mas mere, rac paliatiuri mzrunveloba dainerga da
ganviTarda, sicocxle evTanaziiT mxolod da mxolod 20-ma
adamianma daasrula. mosaxleobis 70 procenti ki paliatiuri
mzrunvelobis humanuri servisiT sargeblobs. espaneTma ki
SeimuSava paliatiuri mzrunvelobis gegma, romelic iTvaliswinebs
upiratesad sazogadoebriv dafinansebaze myofi, pacientis
saWiroebebze dafokusebuli paliatiuri mzrunvelobis
SeTavazebas; jandacvis sxvadasxva dones Soris koordinaciis
xelSewyobas; Tanasworobis uzrunvelyofas, xarisxis,
efeqturobisa da qmediTobis gaumjobesebas; saxelmwifo gegmis
mizania, xeli Seuwyos: sxvadasxva seqtorebs (ara mxolod
jandacvis sferos) Soris interdisciplinur da koordinaciul
muSaobas; yuradRebis gamaxvilebas paliatiuri mzrunvelobis iseT
yvelaze gavrcelebul formaze, rogoricaa binaze movla;
gaidlainebisa da standartebis SemuSavebas; profesionalebisa da
ojaxis wevrebis ganaTlebas. ganaTlebasTan mimarTebaSi gegma
ganasxvavebs sawyis, Sualedur da umaRlesi ganaTlebis
aucileblobas, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu jandacvis sistemis
romel doneze xdeba medikosisa da pacientis komunikacia. espanuri
gegma aseve moicavs am diferencirebuli ganaTlebis mkafio
aRwerilobas da kompetenciebs.435
ungreTSi, ,,1997 wlis jandacvis kanoni moicavs paliatiuri
mzrunvelobis detalurad SemuSavebul rekomendaciebs, romlebic
oficialurad aniWebs pacientebs simptomebis marTvisa da
axloblebis garemocvaSi cxovrebis moTxovnis uflebas. kanonSi
431
ix. www.pregnantpause.org/euth/compass.htm/Compassionate Death/ Posted 6 Sep 2000/Copyright
1998 by Dayton Right to Life, 14.08.2011.
432
Sep. 2000, Copyright 1997 by Life Issues Institute, 06.08.2011.
433
iqve.
434
435
127
mkafiod aris aRwerili ojaxis wevrebisa da naTesavebis
daxmarebis da sulieri mxardaWeris sakiTxebi. ungreTis jandacvis
saministrom, ormocdaTeqvsmetma hospisis gamaerTianebelma fondma
da paliatiuri mzrunvelobis asociaciam dabeWda da gaavrcela
profesionaluri saxelmZRvaneloebi (gaidlaini)”.436
,,1999 wels, irlandiaSi, janmrTelobisa da bavSvTa
saministrom daaarsa paliatiuri mzrunvelobis erovnuli
sakonsultacio komiteti, romelmac gamoaqveyna paliatiuri
mzrunvelobis politikis ganzogadebuli rekomendacia, romelic
exeba dafinansebasa da saorganizacio sakiTxebs. aRniSnul
rekomendaciaSi paliatiuri mzrunveloba saxelmwifo dafinansebis
calke sferod aris gamoyofili. paliatiuri mzrunvelobis
centrebis raodenoba da momsaxurebis saxeebi evropis qveynebSi
Semdegia“:437
stacionar ambulat paliat. mzrunv. binaze konsulta
uli oruli sakonsultacio momsaxu cia
qveyana centrebis hospise paliatiur momsaxur momsaxureba reba telefoni
bi i eba saavadmyofoebS T
raodenoba mzrunvelo i
bis
centrebi
avstria 7 2 4 1 1 1 5
belgia 10 2 1 3 2 5 5
kviprosi 5 1 - - 4 - -
dania 5 4 2 3 1 4 4
fineTi 5 3 3 3 1 3 3
safrangeTi 13 - 5 9 10 - 11
germania 9 - 7 6 5 6 7
saberZneTi 8 - 1 5 1 6 3
islandia 7 - 3 3 2 5 2
irlandia 8 4 - 4 5 6 8
israeli 4 1 1 2 1 3 1
italia 10 2 3 7 6 7 5
luqsemburgi 1 - 1 1 - - -
holandia 6 3 2 2 - - 4
norvegia 4 - 2 4 2 1 3
portugalia 3 - 2 1 1 2 2
rumineTi 5 2 - 1 2 3 2
espaneTi 10 - 5 6 5 5 8
SvedeTi 7 5 1 3 - 5 3
Sveicaria 6 1 3 3 3 - 2
britaneTi 10 5 3 8 6 3 5
sul 143 35 49 75 54 69 83
4.3.3. paliatiuri mzrunveloba saqarTveloSi
436
samoqmedo gegma, 13.
437
www.parliament.ge/files/1005_15713_392287_Paliatiurimzrunveloba.pdf, 20.11.2011.
128
saqarTveloSi paliatiuri mzrunvelobis praqtikuli
ganxorcieleba, piloturi proeqtis saxiT, 2004 wlidan daiwyo.
programa xorcieldeba saqarTvelos pirveli ledis - sandra
elisabed rulovsis patronaJiT. saqarTvelos janmrTelobis
dacvis sistemaSi es axali mimarTuleba (paliatiuri mzrunvelobis
hospisi) fondi ,,Ria sazogadoeba saqarTvelo”-s iniciativiT
gaCnda.438
paliatiuri mzrunvelobis ganviTarebaSi msoflio masStabiT
miRweuli progresis miuxedavad, misi daniSnuleba da Sinaarsi
sazogadoebis umravlesobisTvis ucnobia. saqarTveloSi
Catarebulma gamokiTxvam uCvena, rom gamokiTxulTa 83 procents ar
esmoda paliatiuri mzrunvelobis mniSvneloba da roli jandacvis
erovnul sistemaSi saerTod.439 ,,aRniSnuli ganpirobebuli iyo
imiT, rom didi xani ar aris, rac Cveni qveynis janmrTelobis
dacvis sistema paliatiuri mzrunvelobasac moicavs. mravali wlis
manZilze CvenSi im pirebisaTvis, romlebic paliatiuri
mzrunvelobas saWiroebdnen, maT Soris, terminalur stadiaze
myofi pacientebisaTvis, ar arsebobda adekvaturi resursebi. dRes
pacientebisaTvis garkveul farglebSi ukve xelmisawvdomia
paliatiuri mzrunveloba, rogorc binaze movlis, ise stacionarSi
(saavadmyofoSi) gaweuli samedicino momsaxurebis saxiT“.440
saqarTveloSi bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi paliatiuri
mzrunvelobis, rogorc sistemis safuZvlebis Seqmna da misi
praqtikuli amoqmedeba saqarTvelos pirveli ledis _ sandra
elisabed rulovsis patronaJiTa da ,,saqarTvelos parlamentis
(jandacvis da socialur sakiTxTa komitetis), saqarTvelos
Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros,
jandacvis da socialuri programebis saagentos, q. Tbilisis
meriis jandacvisa da socialur sakiTxTa departamentis,
onkologiis nacionaluri centris, fond ,,Ria sazogadoeba _
saqarTvelo”-s, saqvelmoqmedo fond ,,SOCO”-s, paliatiuri
mzrunvelobis saqarTvelos erovnuli asociaciis, ,,onkoprevenciis
centri”-s, onkoprevenciisa da paliatiuri medicinis institutis,
aseve Ria sazogadoebis institutis (niu-iorki, aSS), san diegos
hospisisa da paliatiuri medicinis institutis (kalifornia, aSS),
ungreTis hospisTa fondisa da centraluri evropis hospisis
(budapeSti, ungreTi), evropis medikos onkologTa sazogadoebis
(ESMO) da sxvaTa finansuri da meToduri mxardaWeriT,
saerTaSoriso eqspertebis - meri kalaveis, frank ferisisa da
karen raianis (aSS), ian strjernsvordis (SvedeTi), xavier gomeS
438
439
ix. iqve, 7.
440
paliatiuri mzrunveloba da pacientis uplebebi, ganmartebebi da rCevebi
pacientebisTvis, fondi Ria sazogadoeba saqarTveloSi, 2.
129
batistes (espaneTi), katalin muzbekis (ungreTi) da sxvaTa
xelSewyobiT ganxorcielda“.441
,,amis dadasturebaa:
 ,,paliatiuri mzrunvelobis” qarTulenovani saswavlo-
meToduri masalebis gamocema;
 ,,paliatiuri mzrunvelobis” saswavlo programis Seqmna
da implementacia umaRles da saSualo profesiul
saswavleblebSi;
 ,,paliatiuri mzrunvelobis” usg akreditebuli
programebis Seqmna da implementacia;
 paliatiuri mzrunvelobis qarTveli saerTaSoriso
eqspertebis momzadeba;
 sazogadoebis informirebisa da gaTviTcnobierebisaTvis
video-rgolebis da beWdviTi masalis momzadeba da
gavrceleba presiTa da televiziiT;
 binaze paliatiuri mzrunvelobis mobiluri gundebisa
da paliatiuri mzrunvelobis stacionaruli centrebis
Camoyalibeba da maTi dafinanseba saxelmwifos mier;
 SidsiT daavadebulTa paliatiuri mzrunvelobis
programis dawyeba (,,globaluri fondis” dafinansebiT);
 paliatiuri mzrunvelobis saqarTvelos erovnuli
programis Seqmna;
 saqarTvelos parlamentis janmrTelobis dacvisa da
socialur sakiTxTa komitetTan ,,paliatiuri
mzrunvelobis erovnuli koordinatoris ofisis” Seqmna;
 saqarTvelos parlamentis mier cvlilebebisa da
damatebebis miReba saqarTvelos oTx kanonSi;
 saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobis da socialur
dacvis ministris da Sinagan saqmeTa ministries mier
Sesabamisi kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqtebis gamocema
da paliatiuri mzrunvelobis instruqciis
damtkiceba”. 442
paliatiuri mzrunveloba warmoadgens ,,onkologiaSi
saxelmwifo politikis” Semadgenel nawils. evropis sabWos
rekomendaciebi, romelic exeba paliatiur mzrunvelobas, aseve
janmo-s rekomendaciebi ukve Targmnilia qarTul enaze, Tumca is
jer araa ganxiluli saxelmwifos janmrTelobaze pasuxismgebeli
Sesabamisi organoebis mier.443
,,arsebobs sami mTavari winaaRmdegoba, romelic xels uSlis
paliatiuri mzrunvelobis msoflioSi arsebuli gamocdilebis
danergvas da imsaxurebs gansakuTrebul yuradRebas. esenia:
441
paliatiuri mzrunvelobis msoflio dRe, 2010, 2-3.
442
iqve, 3.
443
ix. stjernsvordi ian, paliatiuri mzrunvelobis erovnuli programa
saqarTveloSi, saangariSo moxseneba, Tb., 2005, 7.
130
arasakmarisi adamianuri resursebi, instituciuri
infrastruqturis nakleboba da arasakmarisi dafinanseba“.444
qveyanaSi paliatiuri mzrunvelobis danergvisas gamoikveTa
mravali samizne jgufi, e.i. konkretuli profesiiT momuSaveTa
kategoria, romelTac codnis gasaRrmaveblad da ukurnebeli seniT
daavadebul pacientebTan damokidebulebis Sesacvlelad
sWirdebaT paliatiur mzrunvelobasTan dakavSirebiT codnis
amaRleba da gamocdilebis gaziareba. es exeba rogorc
profesionalebs, ise pacientebsa da maTi ojaxis wevrebs,
pedagogebs, medias, sasuliero pirebs da mTels sazogadoebas.
saerTaSoriso gamocdileba did mniSvnelobas aniWebs paliatiuri
mzrunvelobis eqspertebis momzadebas, maTTvis specialuri
programis SemuSavebasa da maTi statusis oficialurad aRiarebas.
es eqspertebi, SemdgomSi daakompleqteben ra maRali standartebis
erovnul centrebs, uzrunvelyofen praqtikosebs konsultaciebiTa
da ganaTlebiT. saqarTeloSi, amJamad san diegos paliatiuri
medicinis institutisa da hospisis specialistTa daxmarebiT
momzadebulia paliatiuri mzrunvelobis ori saerTaSoriso
specialisti.445
hospisSi myof yvela avadmyofs sruli informacia aqvs, maTi
janmrTelobis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, garda im SemTxvevisa, roca
informaciis miwodebam SesaZlebelia avadmyofs ziani miayenos.446
qarTuli saxelmwifo mxolod onkologiur da SidsiT
daavadebul avadmyofebs afinansebs da es adamianebi arian
hospisSi, Tumca dafinanseba imdenad mwiria, rom verc erTi hospisi
ver uzrunvelyofs sneulTa saerTo raodenobis 20 procentis
mkurnalobasac ki.447
miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTveloSi paliatiuri
mzrunveloba avadmyofze mzrunvelobis axali da SedarebiT
auTvisebeli sferoa, mimaCnia, rom gaumarTlebelia saxelmwifos
pasiuri roli mis ganviTarebaSi. faqtia, rom saqarTvelos ar
gaaCnia sakmao raodenoba hospisebisa, romelic Tavis funqcias
srulyofilad da Seuferxeblad Seasrulebda da pacientTa
hospisSi moTavseba imaze aRar iqneboda damokidebuli, romeli
maTgani mimarTavs hospiss sxvaze adre da daikavebs
gamoTavisuflebul adgils.
,,saqarTveloSi paliatiuri mzrunvelobis sferoSi amJamad
mimdinare ZiriTadi proeqtebi“448
444
stjernsvordi ian, paliatiuri mzrunvelobis erovnuli programa
saqarTveloSi, saangariSo moxseneba, Tb., 2005, 19.
445
446ix. iqve, 35.
447ix. iqve, 89.
448iqve, 97.
131
pacientTa momsaxureba
paliatiuri ganxorcielebis ganxor- ganmaxorcielebeli dakavebuli dafinansebis

mzrunvelobis adgili cielebis organizacia adamianuri wyaro
programis vadebi resursebi
dasaxeleba
q. TbilisSi, q. Tbilisi 2010 paliatiuri 26 kaci saxelmwi
quTaissa da q. quTaisi weli mzrunvelobis fo
Telavis Telavis saqarTvelos biujeti
municipalitetSi municipaliteti erovnuli
inkurabelur asociacia
pacientTa binaze
paliatiuri
mzrunveloba
mobiluri gundis
mier
q. TbilisSi q. Tbilisi 2010 a/o 24 kaci saxelmwi
onkoinkurabelur weli “onkoprevenciis fo
pacientTa centri” biujeti
stacionaruli onkologiis
paliatiuri erovnuli centri
mzrunveloba
àiv q. Tbilisi 2008-2010 paliatiuri 42 kaci globalu
infeqcia/SidsiT q. quTaisi ww. mzrunvelobis ri
avadmyofTa (da imereTis saqarTvelos fondis
gadarCenis regioni) erovnuli dafinans
maCveneblebisa da q. zugdidi asociacia ebiT
sicocxlis (da samegrelos (SidsiT
xarisxis regioni) SepyrobilTa
gaumjobeseba" q. baTumi daxmarebis fondis
(binaze (da aWaris TanamonawileobiT)
paliatiuri regioni)
mzrunveloba)
àiv q. Tbilisi 2008-2010 a/o 22 kaci globalu
infeqcia/SidsiT q. quTaisi ww. “onkoprevenciis ri
avadmyofTa (da imereTis centri” fondis
gadarCenis regioni) dafinans
maCveneblebisa da q. zugdidi ebiT
sicocxlis (da samegrelos
xarisxis regioni)
gaumjobeseba" q. baTumi
(stacionaruli (da aWaris
paliatiuri regioni)
mzrunveloba)
binaze q. Tbilisi 2007-2010 Sin zrunvis 8 kaci fond
paliatiuri ww. koalicia ,,kordeid
mzrunveloba (a/o is”
“onkoprevenciis dafinans
centris” ebiT
TanamonawileobiT)
,,miRweuli Sedegebis miuxedavad, samwuxarod, unda aRiniSnos,

rom saqarTveloSi paliatiuri mzrunveloba xorcieldeba
calkeuli iniciativebis da piloturi programebis saxiT da ara
rogorc sistema; ar aris CarTuli jandacvis erovnul programaSi,
132
rogorc misi ganuyofeli (organizaciulad, meTodurad,
finansurad) nawili _ faravs paliatiuri mzrunvelobis
saWiroebis mqone kontingentis daaxloebiT 10-12 %-s”;449 amis erT-
erTi mniSvnelovani mizezia is, rom ar arsebobs paliatiuri
mzrunvelobis erovnuli programa, romelic Seavsebs paliatiuri
mzrunvelobis mniSvnelobis Sedegebisa da xarjefeqturobis
Taobaze informaciis deficits da xels Seuwyobs xelisuflebis
mier Sesabamisi politikuri gadawyvetilebis miRebasa da
implementacias; warmoadgens paliatiuri mzrunvelobis
ganviTarebisa da qveynis jandacvis sistemaSi yvela doneze
etapobrivi inkorporaciis gegmas.450
saqarTvelos jandacvis erovnuli gegma saerTod ar moicavs
paliatiuri mkurnalobas. tkivilis Semsubuqeba da paliatiuri
mzrunveloba ar aris Setanili eqimebis, eqTanebis, farmacevtebisa
Tu socialuri muSakebis diplomamdeli ganaTlebis programebSi.
ar arsebobs erTiani politika aucilebeli medikamentebis
nebadarTulobis (xelmisawvdomobis) TvalsazrisiT.451
aseve sayuradReboa, rom saqarTveloSi saerTod ar
xorcieldeba Semdegi saxis paliatiuri mkurnaloba:
1. bavSvTa paliatiuri mzrunveloba;
2. gerontologiuri452 paliatiuri mzrunveloba;
3. nevrologiur pacientTa paliatiuri mzrunveloba;
4. tuberkulozis rezistentuli foremebiT daavadebulTa
paliatiuri mzrunveloba.
aRniSnuli naklovaneba rac SeiZleba swrafad unda
aRmoifxvras, vinaidan aSkaraa paliatiuri mzrunvelobis saWiroeba.
saqarTvelos mosaxleoba 4,5 milionia, weliwadSi aRiniSneba 42 000
sikvdilis SemTxveva, gardacvlilTa daaxloebiT 60 procenti, anu
25 000 adamiani ama Tu im xangrZlivobiT saWiroebs paliatiur
mzrunvelobas da tkivilis Semsubuqebas, maT Soris iseTi
opioidebis gamoyenebiT, rogoricaa morfini. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT,
rom terminalur stadiaSi myof pacients mzrunvelobas uwevs
ojaxis minimum ori wevri, yovelwliurad paliatiuri
mzrunvelobis daxmarebiT SesaZlebeli gaxdeba daaxloebiT 75 000
adamianis sicocxlis xarisxis mniSvnelovnad gaumjobeseba.453
,,saqarTveloSi adamianTa umetesoba upiratesobas aniWebs
ojaxSi sikvdils _ es maTi tradiciiT gamtkicebuli neba da
uflebaa. saqarTveloSi sadac yovelwliurad aRiniSneba kibos
449
450
451
ix. stjernsvordi ian, paliatiuri mzrunvelobis erovnuli programa
saqarTveloSi, saangariSo moxseneba, Tb., 2005, 7-8.
452
gerontologia _ mecniereba sicocxlis gaxangrZlivebis Sesaxeb. medicinisa da
biologiis dargi, romelic Seiswavlis cocxali organizmebis (maT Soris
adamianis) daberebis process.
453
133
7000-8000 axali SemTxveva, daavadebuli pacientebis umravlesobas
pirveli diagnozi esmeba sakmaod dagvianebiT, ris gamoc es
kontingenti miekuTvneba unkurnebel kategorias. amrigad, kiboTi
Sepyrobili avadmyofebis umetesobisTvis tkivilis Semsubuqeba da
paliatiuri mzrunveloba warmoadgens yvelaze humanur Carevas”.454
am miznebisTvis unda Seiqmnas paliatiuri mzrunvelobis erovnuli
programa, romelic xelmisawvdomi iqneba am mzrunvelobis
saWiroebis mqone yvela adamianisTvis.
imisTvis, rom qveyanaSi paliatiuri mkurnaloba damkvidrdes,
rogorc mkurnalobisa da mzrunvelobis srulyofili sistema,
aucilebelia misi dafinanseba saxelmwifo biujetiT ganisazRvros
da sazogadoebis yvela fenisTvis unda gaxdes xelmisawvdomi, aseve
unda moxdes paliatiuri mzrunvelobis Sesaxeb sazogadoebis
srulyofili informireba, paliatiuri mzrunvelobis mniSvnelobis
Sesaxeb sazogadoebis codnisa da informaciulobis xarisxis
amaRleba; ,,eqimebis, eqTanebis, farmacevtebisa da socialuri
muSakebis umaRlesi ganaTlebis programebSi ,,tkivilis marTvisa”
da ,,paliatiuri mzrunvelobis” kursebis CarTva; ukve moqmedi
eqimebis praqtikuli da Teoriuli codnis gaRrmaveba mTeli
qveynis masStabiT Catarebuli saswavlo kursebis daxmarebiT,
romelSic gamoyenebuli iqneba Tanamedrove video da multi-
mediuri saswavlo masalebi, aseve paliatiuri mzrunvelobis
integracia saqarTveloSi arsebul samive onkologiur centrSi
(Tbilisi, baTumi, quTaisi)”455 da sxv.
paliatiuri mzrunvelobis sistemis sayovelTaobis
uzrunvelsayofad, aucilebelia ara mxolod saxelmwifos da
jandacvis organizaciebis, aramed mTeli sazogadoebis Zalisxmeva.
upirveles yovlisa, sazogadoebam unda Seignos, rom
adamianis sicocxle, Tundac sasikvdilod ganwirulis, yvelaze
maRali faseulobaa, rac ki odesme arsebula da adamianuri
sicocxlis nebismieri faza (Tundac momakvdavi) am sicocxlis ara
anomaliuri, aramed bunebrivi nawilia, romelic TiToeuli
individisTvis unikaluri formiT dgeba.
paliatiuri mzrunvelobis saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi (sakuTari
TavisTvis, ojaxis wevrisTvis an axloblisTvis), moqalaqe unda
dainteresdes da gaecnos paliatiuri mzrunvelobis arss da
mniSvnelobas da imis nacvlad, rom ukurnebeli seniT daavadebuli
adamianis Tavidan moSorebaze an mis evTanaziaze izrunos,
paliatiuri mzrunvelobis centrebs unda mimarTos daxmarebisTvis,
raTa pacientma sicocxlis ukanaskneli dReebi profesionalTa
meTvalyureobasa da axloblebis zrunvaSi gaataros.
454
samoqmedo gegma, 82.
455
stjernsvordi ian, paliatiuri mzrunvelobis erovnuli programa
saqarTveloSi, saangariSo moxseneba, Tb., 2005, 21-22.
134
4.4. evTanaziis momxreTa da mowinaaRmdegeTa
argumentebi
evTanaziis sakiTxi kacobriobis civilizaciis dasawyisidanve iyo

msjelobis sagani da praqtikaSi gamoiyeneboda imis miuxedavad, iyo
Tu ara igi akrZaluli. erTiani sazogadoebrivi azri masze
arasdros arsebobda. mas momxrec bevri hyavs da mowinaaRmdegec.
cnobilia, rom platoni mxars uWerda mas, magram qristianobam igi
uaryo.456
evTanazia _ es aris konfliqti sakuTriv sicocxlesa da
sicocxlis xarisxs Soris. igi rTuli movlenaa, romelic Semdgom
Seswavlas da gamokvlevas kvlav saWiroebs. mravlad arian
rogorc am movlenis momxreni, ise mowinaaRmdegenic, romelTac
TavianTi argumentebi gaaCniaT. TiToeuli maTganis msjeloba
sayuradReboa da WeSmaritebis marcvali orive mxaris msjelobaSi
moipoveba.
,,evTanaziis ufleba dRes msoflio diskusiis sagania,
vinaidan is erT-erTi sakamaTo samedicino, religiuri, iuridiuli
Tu eTikuri xasiaTis sakiTxia. evTanazia dakavSirebulia
principuli xasiaTis konfliqtebTan. am dros warmoiSoba
konfliqti ZiriTad uflebebs Soris _ erTi mxriv, sicocxles,
rogorc faseulobasa da meore mxriv, TiToeuli adamianis
uflebas Soris, avtonomiurad miiRos gadawyvetileba sakuTari
sicocxlis Sesaxeb“.457 individualuri avtonomiis principi
individis mier damoukidebeli gadawyvetilebis miRebaa sikvdilsa
da sicocxles Soris.458 individs marTlac aqvs ufleba, arCevani
gaakeTos sikvdilsa da sicocxles Soris, swored amitom
msoflios arc erTi qveynis kanonmdebloba TviTmkvlelobas
danaSaulad ar miiCnevs, Tumca individualuri avtonomiis principi
ar SeiZleba gagebul iqnas, rogorc piris ufleba sikvdilze,
romelic warmoSobs meore piris valdebulebas, ganaxorcielos
evTanazia.
amasTan, gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom kvlevam aCvena, rom im
adamianTa 95%, romlebmac TviTmkvleloba ganaxorcieles an
iTxovdnen mas, klinikurad depresiulni iyvnen. maTgan yoveli
ocidan mxolod erTs hqonda gavlili konsultacia fsiqiatrTan.
gamodis, rom xSir SemTxvevaSi saxezea profesionalis daxmarebis
miRebis survilis ar arseboba.459
456
ix. korkelia k., mWedliZe n., nalbandovi al., saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis
Sesabamisoba adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciisa da misi oqmebis
standartebTan, 2003, 50.
457
458
ix. Suzanne Ost, Journal of Civil Liberties Vol.5.issue2, Conceptions of the euthanasia phenomenon: a
comparative discussion of the Law, individual rights and morality within three jurisdictions,
www.heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/jcivl5&div=21&collection=journals&set_as_curso
r=29&men_tab=srchresults&terms=(euthanasia)&type=matchall#158, 09.06.2011.
459
135
,,cxovrebaSi gvxvdeba mZime SemTxvevebi, rodesac axloblebs
uxdebaT jer kidev saRi azrovnebis mqone sayvareli adamianis
wamebis yureba. es saSineli mdgomareoba zogjer Tveebi da wlebi
grZeldeba. risTvis? ratom unda daamTavros adamianma sicocxle
da wavides am qveynidan sicocxlis siZulviliT? Tuki adamians
aqvs sicocxlis ufleba, ratom ar unda hqondes sikvdilis
ufleba? sad aris sazRvari humanurobasa da mkvlelobas Soris?“
ra ufro humanuria _ reanimacia pacientisa, romelic droebiT
mova gons da tanjvaSi iqneba, Tu evTanziis ganxorcieleba? Aam
kiTxvebze pasuxi scildeba samedicino eTikis farglebs da
moiTxovs samarTlebriv Sefasebas“.460
evTanaziis sakiTxi sakmaod mwvaved dgas mraval qveyanaSi,
rogorc sakanonmdeblo, ise socialur sferoSi.
evTanazias uamravi momxre Tu mowinaaRmdege hyavs. maT
TavianTi mosazrebis sisworis dasabuTebisaTvis yuradsaRebi
argumentebi aqvT. zogadi kriteriumis SerCevis sakiTxs amZimebs
TiToeuli pirovnebis, avadmyofis unikaluroba, misi
individualuroba, midrekilebebi, survilebi, religiuroba, eTno-
fsiqologiuri saxe, tradiciebi, wes-Cveulebebi da a.S.
dRes bevri iziarebs im azrs, rom evTanazia aris ara
,,mkvleloba“, aramed adamianis ,,ufleba sikvdilze“. inglisis
sisxlis samarTlis erT-erTi saxelmZRvanelos avtorebis azriT
,,miuxedavad akrZalvisa, samedicino praqtikaSi arc Tu iSviaTia
msgavsi SemTxvevebi,… rac Seexeba sazogadoebriv azrs, mas
ZiriTadad avadmyofis axlo naTesavebi da/an megobrebi gamoxataven
da isini amaSi verafers amoralurs ver xedaven, piriqiT, Tvlian,
rom es ukanaskneli orive mxarisTvis fizikuri da moraluri
Svebis momtania, miuxedavad imisa, rom yvela udides pativs scems
adamianis sicocxles“.461
1989 wels amerikis samedicino asociaciam moawyo eqimTa
anonimuri gamokiTxva evTanaziis mizanSewonilobis Sesaxeb.
gamokiTxulTa 60-ze metma procentma mxari dauWira evTanazias.
momdevno wlebSi dasavleTis zogierTi qveynis medikosTa
gamokiTxvis Sedegebic daaxloebiT aseTi iyo. gansxvavebuli
suraTia aRmosavleT evropis, kerZod, yofili socialisturi
qveynebis banakis saxelmwifoebSi. Aaq evTanaziis mowinaaRmdegeTa
ricxvi sadReisod bevrad sWarbobs mis momxreebs.462
socialuri gamokiTxvebi, romelic bevr qveyanaSi Catarda,
adasturebs, rom evTanaziis legalizacias eqimebi da samedicino
personali ufro negatiurad afasebs, vidre mTlianad mosaxleoba.
evTanaziasTan dakavSirebiT sazogadoebrivi azri or
nawilad aris gayofili _ evTanaziis momxreebad da
mowinaaRmdegeebad. TviT saxelganTqmul holandiaSi, e.w.
,,evTanaziis qveyanaSi“, sadac mosaxleobis 90 procenti evTanaziis
460
461
462
136
momxrea, adgili hqonda mowinaaRmdegeTa gamosvlebs im periodSi,
rodesac kanons iRebdnen. amitom erTsulovnad pirovnulad es
sakiTxi arsad ar aris gadawyvetili.
miuxedavad azrTa sxvadasxvaobisa, evTanazias aTasobiT
adamiani mimarTavs. araerTma gamoCenilma adamianma daasrula
evTanaziis gziT sicocxle.
,,cnobilma avstrielma fsiqiatrma da fsiqologma zigmund
froidma, romelic avTvisebiani simsivniT iyo daavadebuli, sTxova
Tavis megobars da pirad eqims daxmareboda mas evTanaziis
ganxorcielebaSi, eqimma mas sammagi morfinis doza gaukeTa, ris
Sedegadac zigmund froidi gardaicvala“.463
,,gamoCenili belgieli poeti, mwerali da reJisori hugo
klausi, romelic alchgeimeris daavadebiT iyo Sepyrobili da
gardaicvala evTanaziis gziT mis mierve SerCeul dRes“.464
,,cnobili mezRvauri ramon sampedro, avtokatastrofis
Sedegad 30 wlis ganmavlobaSi iyo paralizebuli. mezRvauri didi
xnis ganmavlobaSi cdilobda evTanaziis uflebis mopovebas.
sabolood sasamarTlom misca mas evTanaziiis ganxorcielebis
ufleba, igi gadayvanil iqna kamerebiT aRWurvil specialur
oTaxSi, sadac man dalia sawamlavnarevi wyali, ris Sedegadac
gardaicvala. mezRvaurze da mis cxovrebaze SemdgomSi filmic ki
iqna gadaRebuli“.465
4.4.1. evTanaziis momxreTa argumentebi
,,1623 wels frensis bekonma wamoWra evTanaziis problema da

Seecada mis ganxilvas. igi werda: eqimis movaleoba ara mxolod is
aris, rom gamoajanmrTelos avadmyofi, aramed Seumsubuqos mas
tanjva da tkivili, magram es man unda ganaxorcielos ara mxolod
maSin, rodesac arsebobs raime Sansebi avadmyofis gadarCenisa,
aramed maSinac, rodesac avadmyofis gamojanmrTeleba praqtikulad
SeuZlebelia da rCeba mxolod imis SesaZlebloba, rom sikvdili
gaadvildes“.466
udidesi filosofosi, platoni evTanazias savsebiT
dasaSvebad Tvlida. misi azriT, sasamarTloc da eqimic unda
zrunavdnen moqalaqeebze, romlebic srulyofilni arian suliTac
da xorciTac, xolo vinc aseTi ar aris, vinc suliTac mankieria
da xorciTac ukurnebeli _ is unda mokvdes.467
463
sicocxlis nebasTan dakavSirebiT, marTlmsajuleba da kanoni, #3(30), 2011,
131-132.
464
iqve, 132.
465
iqve, 132.
466
467
ix. Платон, Сочинения, М., 1971, 195-196.
137
fridrix nicSec erT-erTi maTgania, vinc emxroba evTanazias.
igi werda _ ,,nuTu ar aris mimzidveli datovo wuTisofeli
gaazrebulad da nebayoflobiT, sakuTar problemebze dayrdnobiT
arCio sikvdili Tavisufali da gacnobierebuli SemTxveviTobisa
da moulodnelobis gareSe?“468
adaminis, misi movaleobis, sikvdilis sazrisis sakiTxi Tavis
naSromebSi warmoaCina ingliselma filosofosma frensis bekonma,
romelsac Rrmad swamda, rom ,,tkbili sikvdili“ yvelaze
saukeTeso gamosavalia maSin, roca medicina da religia uZluria
daavadebis progresirebis winaSe.
evTanazia, ,,es e.w. ,,sikvdilis Tavisufleba” efuZneba
mosazrebas, rom sikvdili aris adamianis bunebrivi arsebobis
Semadgeneli nawili”.469 ,,evTanazia individis Tavisuflebaa. ,,Tuki
adamiani gadawyvets, rom mas surs sikvdili, SeiZleba Tqven an me
ar vifiqroT, rom es kargi gadawyvetilebaa, magram ra ufleba
gvaqvs, vuTxraT mas, rom mas amis gakeTeba ar SeuZlia?”470
aRniSnul mosazrebaze dayrdnobiT, evTanaziis momxreni amtkiceben,
rom evTanazia adamianis uflebaa, vinaidan mas aqvs Tavisufleba,
arCevani gaakeTos sicocxlesa da sikvdils Soris, Tumca
aviwydebaT, rom es ufleba mxolod TviTmkvlelobiT
Semoifargleba, vinaidan aqtiuri evTanaziis dakanonebis
SemTxvevaSi, igi eqimis movaleoba gaxdeba, gamodis, rom erTis
sikvdilis uflebisTvis meore iZulebuli iqneba sicocxlis
mospobis valdebuleba ikisros, rac xelyos mis uflebas, ar
gaxdes sxvisi sikvdilis survilis aRmsrulebeli.
evTanaziis momxrebi miiCneven, rom Tu adamians aqvs ufleba
sicocxleze, maSin ratom ar unda hqondes mas ufleba Rirseul
sikvdilze? kanonmdeblobaTa umravlesoba adamians sikvdilis
uflebas ar aZlevs, rac ganuyofelia sicocxlis uflebisgan.
adamiani Tavad unda iyos sakuTari sicocxlis mflobeli da
ganmkargavi. ganukurnebeli seniT daavadebul avadmyofs, romelsac
sul cota xnis sicocxleRa darCenia da itanjeba autaneli
tkiviliT, unda mivceT ,,bednieri“ sikvdilis ufleba. arCevani man
unda gaakeTos. ufro didi codvaa adamianis dausrulebeli
tanjvis yureba, vidre misi am tanjvisgan gaTavisufleba, Tundac
amas adamianis sicocxlis mospoba erqvas. evTanazia ki amisTvis
saukeTeso gzaa.471
evTanaziis momxreebi aqcents akeTeben im faqtze, rom
arCevani warmoadgens libelaruli demokratiebisa da Tavisufali
sabazro sistemebis fundamentur princips. garda amisa, tkivili da
468
469
kublaSvili k., statia, sicocxlis ufleba saqarTvelos konstituciis
mixedviT, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli standartebi da maTi gavlena
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobasa da praqtikaze, statiaTa krebuli, korkelia k.
(red.), Tb., 2006, 193.
470
www.pregnantpause.org/euth/liberty.htm/Euthanasia: A Case of Individual Liberty? Posted 6 Sep
2000/Copyright 1995 by Jay Johansen, 14.08.2011.
471
ix. www.ethicalrights.com/submissions/euthanasia/92-arguments-in-support-of-euthanasia.html,
28.06.2011.
138
tanjva, romelsac adamiani avadmyofobis stadiaSi ganicdis,
tkivilis Semamsubuqebeli saSualebebis fonzec ki ar aris aRqmadi
im adamianisTvis, visac es piradad ar gamoucdia.472
evTanaziis momxreebi mas ,,TanagrZnobis aqtad“ ganixilaven
da amitom sruliadac ar miaCniaT, rom igi qristianul morals
ewinaaRmdegeba. garda amisa, maTi azriT, evTanaziis akrZalva
ewinaaRmdegeba adamianis Tavisuflebas, mis avtonomiurobas da
Rirsebas, arRvevs eqimisa da pacientis pirad urTierTobas. isini
miiCneven, rom adamianis dabadeba da gardacvaleba piradi,
personaluri movlenaa da ara sajaro (sazogadoebrivi) da
sikvdilis ufleba ar ewinaaRmdegeba sazogadoebriv interesebs.
isini evTanaziis problemas ganixilaven individualuri da
sazogadoebrivi interesebis dapirispirebis WrilSi da miaCniaT,
rom sakiTxi individis realuri interesebis mixedviT unda
gadawydes.473 ,,isini evTanazias ganukurnebeli seniT daavadebuli
adamianis mimarT ganxorcielebul ,,sikeTis aqtad“ miiCneven. ,,am
dros saxezea ,,ukontrolo tkivili“ da dResdReobiT arc erT
samedicino teqnikas ar SeuZlia, marTos tkivili praqtikulad
yvela viTarebaSi“.474
,,isini, vinc evTanaziis legalizacias uWeren mxars, TavianT
pozicias Semdegi argumentebiT asabuTeben:
1. adamians unda hqondes TviTgamorkvevis ufleba, anu mas
unda hqondes SesaZlebloba, gaakeTos arCevani, gaagrZelos
sicocxle Tu Sewyvitos is.
2. adamiani daculi unda iyos mtkivneuli da arahumanuri
mkurnalobisgan.
3. adamians aqvs ufleba iyos altruisti, Tavidan aacilos
axloblebs da ojaxis wevrebs tanjva, uazro finansuri
xarjebi da Sroma, romlis Sedegic nulia. amave dros
SesaZlebelia es resursebi gamoyenebul iqnas sxva
adamianisaTvis, visi gadarCenac namdvilad SeiZleba.
4. arsebobs ekonomikuri argumentic. zogjer amtkiceben, rom
ganwirulTa mkurnaloba da movla-patronoba
sazogadoebas did tvirTad awevs, romlis gamoyenebac
SesaZlebeli iqneboda ufro racionalurad, Tu evTanazia
dakanondeboda“.475
evTanaziis momxreTa Rrma rwmeniT, ,,TiToeul adamians Tavad
aqvs sakuTari sikvdil-sicocxlis sakiTxis gadawyvetis ufleba. es
RvTis mier boZebuli arCevanis uflebaa. swored amitom, adamians
(avadmyofs, pacients) ufleba aqvs, uari Tqvas ara mxolod
romelime proceduraze (magaliTad, sisxlis gadasxmaze), aramed
472
ix. www.religioustolerance.org/euth7.htm, 02.04.2010.
473
474
www.pregnantpause.org/euth/why.htm/What's Wrong With Making Assisting Suicide Legal? Posted 6
Sep 2000/Copyright 1995 by National Right to Life Committee, 14.08.2011.
475
139
saerTod mkurnalobaze. es misi gadasawyvetia da nebismieri
iZuleba daarRvevs misi fizikuri xelSeuxeblobis uflebas da
ganixileba, rogorc Zaladoba“,476 vinaidan veranairi morali ver
daupirispirdeba momakvdavi pacientis sicocxlidan wasvlis
survils.477
aRniSnuli mosazreba pasiur evTanazias exeba, rac
aRiarebulia. bunebrivia, ar SeiZleba arsebobdes sicocxlis
iZuleba, Tumca sikvdil-sicocxlis arCevani ar SeiZleba Sefasdes,
rogorc RvTis mier boZebuli arCevanis ufleba, vinaidan RvTis
mier boZebuli sicocxlea da ara sikvdil-sicocxlis arCevani,
amqveynad, movlineba adamianis arCevaniT ar momxdara da
logikurad arc amqveynidan wasvla unda iyos misi asarCevi
ufleba, miT umetes iseT pirobebSi, roca qristianuli religia
adamianis dabadebas da gardacvalebas uflis erTpirovnul nebad
aRiarebs da kategoriulad gamoricxavs adamianis Carevas uflis
saqmeSi.
,,evTanaziis momxreTa argumentebs kidev erTi rakursi
gaaCniaT _ arsebobs ,,cxovreba, rodesac sicocxle Rirs“ _
axalgazrda, janmrTeli, lamazi, bednieri, kmayofili, Wkviani da
sazogadoebisaTvis saWiro individebis yofa. maSasadame arsebobs
sicocxlec, romelic ,,arRara Rirs arca Cirad“ _ sneulTa,
xeibarTa, sazogadoebisaTvis umaqnisTa da ,,keTrovanTa“
sicocxle“. 478
evTanaziis momxreTa mtkicebiT, Tanamedrove msoflio
socialuri praqtika icnobs iseT SemTxvevebs, roca uimedo
mdgomareobaSi myofi avadmyofebi TxovniT mimarTaven eqimebs an
kerZo pirebs, raTa daaCqaron maTi sikvdili (aqtiuri evTanaziis
moTxovna). es saqcieli maTi xangrZlivi agoniis Sedegia da aravis
ar aqvs ufleba, es agonia usasrulod gaaxangrZlivos.479
mimaCnia, rom aqtiuri evTanaziis akrZalva sulac ar aris
avadmyofis agoniis gaxangrZliveba, miT umetes iseT pirobebSi,
roca pasiuri evTanazia daSvebulia. pacients sruliad
Tavisuflad SeuZlia uari Tqvas Terapiul Tu sicocxlis
gamaxangrZlivebel mkurnalobaze, ris safuZvelzec misi
mkurnaloba Sewydeba da garkveuli drois Semdeg sikvdili
dadgeba. is faqti, rom pasiuri evTanaziis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi,
SesaZloa Sedegi myisierad ar dadges da pacients lodini
mouwios, sanam misi sasicocxlo Zalebi ar amoiwureba da ar
gardaicvleba, ar gamodgeba aqtiuri evTanaziis moTxovnis
dasabuTebad. pasiuri evTanazia pacientis nebis morCilebaa maSin,
roca aqtiuri evTanazia mkvlelobaa pacientis moTxovniT.
476
477
ix. Hallvard Lillehammer, Voluntary euthanasia and the logical slippery slope argument,
www.heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/camblj61&div=77&collection=journals&set_as_cu
rsor=10&men_tab=srchresults&terms=(euthanasia)&type=matchall#564, 14.11.2011.
478
20.
479
ix. www.ethicalrights.com/submissions/euthanasia/92-arguments-in-support-of-euthanasia.html,
28.06.2011.
140
arseboben adamianebi, romelTac sicocxle sxvadasxva
mizeziT aRar undaT, mag: mZime depresiaSi myofebs, seriozuli
fsiqologiuri problemebis mqoneT, imedgacruebulebs, imaT, vinc
Tvlis, rom ojaxis tvirTad iqcnen, realurad maT sikvdili ar
surT, maTi saSveli im problemebis gadalaxvaSia, rac maT awuxebT.
maTi daxmareba fsiqologebsa da socialur muSakebsac ki
SeuZliaT.480 ,,zogjer ki sakmarisia, maT gaigonon sityvebi _ ,,ar
mokvde, imitom, rom gviyvarxar”; ,,dagexmarebiT, oRond Senc
moindome.”481 did britaneTSi Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegad
dadginda, rom TviTmkvlelTa 94 procenti fsiqikuri aSlilobiT
iyo daavadebuli. msgavsi adamianebis Svela fsiqiatriuli da
socialuri momsaxurebiT aris SesaZlebeli, rac kvlevebmac
daadastura, kerZod, britanTSi Catarebulma kvlevam aCvena, rom 886
pacientidan, romelTac TviTmkvlelobis survili amoZravebdaT,
profesiuli daxmarebis aRmoCenis Semdeg, 5 wlis gasvlis Semdeg,
mxolod 3,84 procentma daasrula sicocxle TviTmkvlelobiT.482
msgavsi daxmareba nakleb Sedegiania ganukurnebeli seniT
daavadebuli avadmyofisTvis, romelsac fsiqologiuri problemა
ki ar awuxebs, aramed seni, romelic gamudmebiT stanjavს da
wvalebiT klavს. maT Soris arian mZime komaSi myofi pirebi,
romlebic elementarul funqciebsac (Wama, sma, sunTqva) ki ver
asruleben damoukideblad.483
,,evTanaziis momxreebi amboben: adamians aqvs arCevanis ufleba.
Tu is sicocxliT daiRala, maSin eqimebi mas unda ,,daexmaron“,
umtkivneulod mokvdes. maTi azriT, es ufleba kanonmdeblobiT
unda iyos ganmtkicebuli“.484 maTi mtkicebiT, ,,adamiani Casaxvis
momentidan xdeba mflobeli sami ZiriTadi ganusxvisebeli
uflebisa, esenia: sicocxle, Tanasworoba, Tavisufleba.
Tavisufleba Tavis TavSi gulisxmobs uflebas, adamianma Tavad
gadawyvitos, Tu rogor surs cxovreba. adamiani Tavisufalia, Tu
igi moqmedebs sakuTari nebiT _ nebayoflobiT da ar aris
Tavisufali, Tu moqmedebs sxvisi nebiT, iZulebiT. igi arCevans
Segnebulad akeTebs _ adamianma gaacnobiera sikvdilis
gardauvaloba da igi Tavisufali iqneba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mas
miiRebs nebayoflobiT da ar iqneba valdebuli, maSin, roca
sicocxle aRar surs, icocxlos mxolod imitom, rom kanonma mas
yvelaze bunebiTi _ sicocxlis gankargvis ufleba waarTva“.485
am mosazrebis sawinaaRmdegod unda iTqvas, rom bunebiTi
ufleba sicocxlis uflebaa da ara sicocxlis gankargvis ufleba.
480
481
ix. iqve.
482
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483
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484
WeliZe q., statia, vis awyobs evTanazia,
485
Лунеев В.В., Преступность ХХ века: Мировой криминопогический анализ, М., 1997, 203-204.
141
es ukanaskneli gulisxmobs adamianis mier sakuTari sicocxlis
bedis gadawyvetas sxvaTa Caurevlad. sicocxlis uflebisa da misi
gankargvis Tavisuflebis SezRudva maSin iqneboda, Tuki pirs
TviTmkvlelobis an mkurnalobaze uaris Tqmis (pasiuri evTanaziis)
ufleba kanonis mier warTmeuli eqneboda. maSin, roca es ori
ufleba kanonis mier aRiarebuli da pativcemulia, arasworia
adamianis sicocxlis gankargvis uflebis SezRudvaze apelireba,
vinaidan aqtiuri evTanazia mxolod pacientis uflebas rodi exeba.
Tuki kanoni eqims aqtiuri evTanaziis ganxorcielebas
daavaldebulebs, eqimTa nawili iZulebuli gaxdeba, sakuTar
Sinagan rwmenas, morals, Tundac religiur mosazrebebs
daupirispirdes da sakuTari nebis sawinaaRmdegod, iZulebiT
ganaxorcielos evTanazia, an uari Tqvas eqimis profesiaze. es
yvelaferi ki uflebrivad avadmyofis Tanaswori sxva adamianis
uflebebis darRvevaa, rac kidev erTi faqtoria imisTvis, rom
kanonmdebelma ar ganaxorcielos diskriminaciuli midgoma da
Tavi Seikavos aqtiuri evTanaziis dekriminalizaciisgan.
,,saxelmwifo adamians evTanaziis uflebas ar aZlevs, romelic
tkbil, uSfoTvel sikvdils niSnavs. Tuki saxelmwifos ar moucia
CemTvis sicocxlis ufleba, maSin ra ufleba aqvs mas SezRudos
sicocxlis SeCerebis ufleba. anu, gamodis, rom saxelmwifo
,,sicocxlis movaleobas makisrebs“, magram ra ufleba aqvs
saxelmwifos daawesos sicocxlis movaleoba, rodesac sicocxlis
ufleba misi dadgenili ar aris, es aris bunebiTi ufleba?“486 _
acxadeben evTanaziis momxreebi, Tumca maT aviwydebaT, rom
sicocxlis ufleba arc adamianis dadgenilia, vinaidan sicocxle
adamianma sakuTari nebisgan damoukideblad, ukiTxavad miiRo ise,
rom arCevanis ufleba ar hqonia, bunebrivad, sxvaTa Caurevlad
sikvdilic, iseve rogorc sicocxle adamianis nebisgan
damoukideblad modis. Sesabamisad, adamians ar aqvs imis ufleba,
saxelmwifos mosTxovos sikvdilis uflebis aRiareba, rac Tavis
mxriv eqimisTvis aqtiuri evTanaziis valdebulebas warmoSobs.
,,evTanaziis momxreTa sxva argumenti Semdegnairadaa
motivirebuli: pirs aqvs saSineli, sasikvdilo daavadeba,
saavadmyofos sawolSi isea, rogorc xafangSi, SeerTebuli aqvs
uamravi samedicino aparatura, ar SeuZlia arc moZraoba da arc
gadaadgileba. mas ar SeuZlia, wavides saxlSi da uwindeburad
icxovros, eqimi ki mas simSvidis mopovebaze uars eubneba. nuTu
pacients ar aqvs imis ufleba, gadawyvetileba Tavad miiRos,
icocxlos Tu ara? rogor SeiZleba kanonma mas aukrZalos
sicocxlis gankargva, roca sicocxle misTvis kanons ar
miuniWebia?“487 A
am mosazrebis sawinaaRmdegod aseve unda iTqvas Semdegi:
sicocxlis ufleba adamiansac ar miuniWebia sakuTari TavisTvis,
Sesabamisad, sicocxlis gankargvis uflebis Tavisad dagulvebis
486
487
142
dros, man unda gaacnobieros, rom Tavisuflad SeuZlia gankargos
igi, Tumca aramc da aramc imis xarjze, rom sxva piri iyos
valdebuli, ganaxorcielos adamianis gadawyvetileba sicocxlis
dasrulebaze. aravin davobs imaze, rom yvelas aqvs ufleba, Tavad
gadawyvitos, icocxlos Tu ara, Tumca mocemul SemTxvevaSi
evTanaziis momxreni yuradRebas ar amaxvileben im faqtorze, rom
aqtiuri evTanaziis legalizebis SemTxvevaSi, pacientis uflebas
mohyveba eqimis valdebuleba. savaraudod maT es faqtori
ganxiluli aqvT, Tumca Tuki mas aRiareben, maSin imis aRiarebac
mouwevT, rom aqtiuri evTanaziis dakanonebis moTxovna araswori
saqcielia imaT mimarT, vinc valdebuli iqneba aRasrulos igi.
,,sakuTari sicocxlis gankargvis dros, adamianis erT-erTi
umTavresi avtonomiuri ufleba, arCevanis uflebaa. gadawyvetileba,
daasrulos sicocxle, adamianis kerZo arCevania, romelSic Carevis
ufleba sazogadoebas da kanons ar aqvs“.488
aqac unda iTqvas, rom verc sazogadoeba da verc kanoni ver
aiZulebs pirs, uari Tqvas sicocxlis dasrulebis
gadawyvetilebaze maSin, roca gadawyvetilebas Tavad misi mimRebi
piri aRasrulebs.
,,romSi 1950 wlis 4 noembers miRebuli konvenciis meore muxli
pirdapir gveubneba, rom yoveli adamianis sicocxlis ufleba
kanoniT aris daculi. am sakiTxze yvelaze didi davaa, Tu ras
niSnavs sicocxlis ufleba. upirveles yovlisa, unda vicodeT, rom
es aris bunebiTi ufleba, romelic saxelmwifos mier ar aris
mocemuli, anu Tandayolilia. dilema swored amaSia, rom Tuki
adamians aqvs sicocxlis ufleba, aseve gaaCnia sxva uflebebi,
rogoricaa Rirsebisa da pativis ufleba. aq aris koliziuri
viTareba. adamians ufleba aqvs icxovros iseT garemoSi, romelic
misi pativisa da Rirsebis Semlaxveli ar iqneba“,489 yvelaferi es
imas niSnavs, rom aravis ar aqvs piris pativisa da Rirsebis
Selaxvis ufleba, ris sadarajozec saxelmwifo dgas da Tu aseT
qmedebas eqneba adgili, saxelmwifo qmedebis Camdens kanonis winaSe
pasuxs agebinebs. magram is faqti, rom adamiani avadaa, es
saxelmwifos brali araa, vinaidan saxelmwifos ar Cauyenebia piri
aseT mdgomareobaSi. amasTanave avadmyofoba araa subieqti, raTa
adamianis tanjvisTvis saxelmwifom igi dasajos. saxelmwifos
valdebulebaa mxolod izrunos piris janmrTelobis mdgomareobis
gaumjobesebaze da isic avadmyofis an misi kanonieri
warmomdgenlis Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi.
kanonis valdebuleba adamianisa da misi uflebebis dacvaa,
Tumca kanons aramc da aramc ar aqvs ufleba, pirovnebas
aukrZalos sikvdilis ufleba maSin, roca kanoni sicocxlis
mimniWebeli ar aris, amitom kanonma adamiani dabadebidan
gardacvalebamde periodSi unda daicvas, sxva danarCeni ki
pirovnebis gadasawyvetia. am azrs bevri iziarebs, mag: holandiaSi
488
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489
143
sazogadoebrivi azris yovelwliuri gamokiTxvebi aCvenebs, rom
evTanazia ar ganixileba rogorc adamianis sicocxlis xelyofa.
gamokiTxulTa 90 procenti swored ase fiqrobs.
,,evTanaziis momxreebi Tvlian, rom arCevanis gakeTeba aris
fundameturi ufleba liberaluri demokratiisa da Tavisufali
sabazro sistemis pirobebSi. tkivili da tanjva, romelsac adamiani
ganicdis avadmyofobis periodSi, Tundac tkivilis Semsubuqebis
dros, SeiZleba miuRebeli iyos mxolod iseTi pirovnebisaTvis,
romelsac es ar gamoucdia. pacientebisaTvis, romlebsac aRar
SeuZliaT damoukideblad cxovrebis gagrZeleba, Znelia emociuri
tkivilis daZleva. miuxedavad Tanamedrove preparatebis
arsebobisa, uimedo avadmyofisaTvis Znelia imis SegrZneba, rom
tanjviT aRmoxdeba suli. evTanaziis momxreebi Tvlian, rom
eqimebis energia da saavadmyofoebSi palatebi gamoyenebul unda
iqnes im pacientebisaTvis, romelTa sicocxlis gadarCenac
SesaZlebelia. evTanaziis mowinaaRmdegeTa argumentebi SeiZleba
gamoyenebul iqnas sazogadoebis mier, rogorc erTgvari
fsiqologiuri wnexi im adamianebze, romlebsac surT mimarTon
evTanazias. aseTi fsiqologiuri zemoqmedebis Sedegia, rom
adamianebi (pacientebi), romlebsac ar surT sicocxlis
gagrZeleba, mimarTaven iseT mtkivneul da sarisko proceduras,
rogoric aris Tavis CamoxrCoba“.490
evaTanaziis momxreebs eWvi ar eparebaT, rom arcTu Soreul
momavalSi evTanazia eTikuri TvalsazrisiT jer misaRebi gaxdeba,
xolo Semdeg mraval qveyanaSi samarTlebriv safuZvelsac SeiZens.
Tuki es marTlac ase moxdeba, maSin dadgeba Zalian rTuli
sakiTxi _ vin unda gaakeTos es? am sakiTxze specialistebs Soris
didi davaa. erTni fiqroben, rom es funqcia eqimma unda
Seasrulos (yovel SemTxvevaSi, samedicino personalma), meoreni ki
amis winaaRmdegi arian. maTi azriT, eqimi araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar
SeiZleba iyos pacientis mkvleli, radgan es ewinaaRmdegeba
hipokrates fics.491
maTi mosazrebiT, mas Semdeg, rac evTanaziis Sesaxeb miRebul
iqneba Sesabamisi iuridiuli kanoni, misi Sesruleba unda
daevalos ara samedicino personals, aramed vinme sxvas, miT
umetes, rom es raime teqnikur siZnelesTan ar iqneba
dakavSirebuli. amasTan, kanoni evTanaziis Sesaxeb araviTar
SemTxvevaSi ar unda Seexos suliT avadmyofebsa da gonebrivad
arasrulfasovan adamianebs.492
evTanaziis momxreTa mosazrebiT, ,,sicocxle, romelic ar
sWirdeba avadmyofs, roca sicocxle mas stanjavs, xolo sikvdils
misi am tanjvisgan xsna SeuZlia, maSiნ misi arseboba ,,sicocxlis
490
491
492
ix. iqve, 28.
144
ufleba“ ki ara, ,,sicocxlis movaleoba“ gamodis“.493 aRniSnuli
midgoma sruliad uaryofs religias da uflis rols adamianis
cxovrebaSi. evTanaziis momxreTa msgavsi midgoma evTanaziis
ideisadmi tolerantulad moazrovne adamianebisTvis gadamdebia da
isini iviwyeben RmerTsac da amqveyniur gansacdelsac da ijereben,
rom maT marTlac aqvT ufleba, moiTxovon mokvdineba sxvisi
xeliT.
evTanaziis momxreni amtkiceben, rom ,,im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac
pacients ar SeuZlia Tavisi nebis gamoxatva, Tanamedrove
samedicino teqnika ki mas mxolod xelovnurad ugrZelebs
sicocxles da ar moaqvs arc Sveba da arc gamojanmrTeleba, mas
aqvs sikvdilis ufleba“.494 ,,amaze xom ar Rirs dafiqreba _
kiTxuloben isini, SeiZleba Tu ara, amgvar mdgomareobas daerqvas
sicocxle? unda ki sicocxle avadmyofs, romelic wlobiT
imyofeba reaminaciaSi, gaxveulia aTasgvar sxadasxva sadenSi da
mierTebulia sxvadasxva aparaturasTan da Tanac imis umciresi
Sansic ki ara aqvs, rom erTxel mainc movides gonze? eqimisaTvis,
Tavis profesiidan gamomdinare, Znelia danebeba, magram arc erT
eqims ar aqvs ufleba, usasrulod gaaxangrZlivos avadmyofis
tanjva mxolod imis safuZvelze, rom es teqnikurad SesaZlebelia.
yovel adamians aqvs ara marto Rirseuli sicocxlis ufleba,
aramed sikvdilis dros sakuTari Rirsebis SenarCunebis uflebac,
Tundac amisaTvis saWiro gaxdes sxva piris davaldebuleba,
ganaxorcielos aqtiuri evTanazia“.495 Tuki adamiani gawamebul
sicocxles uwvaleblad sikvdils amjobinebs, yvela sxvam mis
gadawyvetilebas pativi unda sces da kanonma eqimi unda
daavaldebulos kidec, rom aRasrulos pacientis survili, roca
eqims, rogorc mkurnals, ukve aRar SeuZlia avadmyofis Svela.496
,,evTanaziis momxreebs swamT, rom maTi upirvelesi
movaleobaa SeinarCunon da gaixangrZlivon sakuTari da sxvebis
sicocxle, magram garkveul SemTxvevebSi, maTi azriT, sicocxles
azri ekargeba da bunebrivia, rom aseT viTarebaSi adamianebs unda
hqondeT imedi, rom rodesac es dro dadgeba, SeeZlebaT mSvidad
da Rirseulad mokvdnen. adamianma tanjva da tkivili mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi unda aitanos, Tu arsebobs Sansi sabolood
gankurnebisa. sxva SemTxvevaSi, Tu ukurnebeli senis ukanasknel
stadiasTan gvaqvs saqme tanjvis gaZleba yovlad uazroa. maTi
azriT, cxovreba mxolod maSin aris RvTis wyaloba, rodesac mas
aqvs adamianuri forma. tanjva-wamebis formiT sicocxlis
SenarCuneba gaumarTlebelia da amasTan, uSedegod daxarjul did
finansebTan aris dakavSirebuli“.497
493
sayvareliZe f., statia, evTanazia _ mowyaleba Tu mkvleloba, J. Tavisufleba,
Tb., 2003, 36.
494
iqve, 36.
495
iqve, 36-37.
496
ix. Лунеев В.В., Преступность ХХ века: Мировой криминопогический анализ, М., 1997, 206.
497
145
mimaCnia, rom zogadad cxovreba da sicocxlis uflebis
RvTisgan miReba nebismier SemTxvevaSi RvTis wyalobaa. garda
fizikuri tanjvisa, arsebobs aranakleb mtkivneuli sulieri
tanjva, cxovrebis mier adamianisTvis miyenebuli mouSuSebeli
Wrilobebi da xSirad es yvelaferi gacilebiT autanelia, vidre
mxolod fizikuri tkivili. zemoT ganxiluli midgomiT Tu
vimsjelebT, tanjvis moTmena araRvTiuria, maSin cxovreba RvTis
wyaloba ki ara, RvTis sasjeli gamodis im adamianTaTvis, visac
ukiduresad mZime pirobebSi uwevT cxovreba da yvela amqveyniur
sikeTes moklebulni arian.
Tuki fizikuri tanjvis dros sicocxle uazrobaa, ratom
bunebrivad ar kvdeba adamiani, ratom uSvebs RmerTi misi
gardacvalebis droSi gaWimvas? Tuki es pirebi sakiTxs religiuri
kuTxiT svamen, maSin am kiTxvebze ras ityvian? saqmec imaSia, rom
evTanaziis momxreebs msgavs kiTxvebze pasuxi ar gaaCniaT, swored
amitom acxadeben, rom sikvdilis ufleba adamianis bunebiT
uflebaTagania da sikvdilis droisa da misi ganxorcielebis
xerxis arCevani adamians ekuTvnis da ara RmerTs.
,,evTanaziis momxreebi urCeven im adamianebs, romlebic
maTsaviT fiqroben, rom rodesac isini janmrTel mdgomareobaSi
imyofebian, xeli moaweron ,,sicocxlis nebas“, sadac cxadad
gamoxataven TavianT molodins, rom maTi sikvdilis ufleba maTi
survilisamebr iqneba daculi. aseTi adamianis ojaxis wevrebi,
megobrebi, aseve, piradi mkurnali eqimi misi am survilis Sesaxeb
informirebuli unda iyos da unda hqondes am dokumentis asli. Tu
piradi eqimi uars ganacxadebs misi survilis Sesrulebaze, maSin
sxva eqimi unda SeirCes“.498
evTanaziis momxreebi acxadeben, rom sicocxlis ufleba,
sikvdilis uflebasTan unda iyos dakavSirebuli, amitom
kanonmdebloba sruliad aramarTebulad uaryofs uflebas
sikvdilisas maSin, roca mkacri zomebiT icavs sicocxlis
uflebas.499 maTi mtkicebiT, sicocxlis ufleba adamianis bunebiTi,
Tandayofili uflebaa, romelic saxelmwifos mier ar aris
moniWebuli. Tuki saxelmwifos adamianisTvis ar miucia sicocxlis
ufleba, maSin mas ar aqvs ufleba, daawesos sicocxlis SeCerebis
uflebis SezRudva. evTanaziis kriminalizaciiT, saxelmwifo
adamians ,,sicocxlis movaleobas“ akisrebs.500 arsebobs SezRudvebi,
ramdenad SegviZlia individis cxovrebaSi CaverioT, Tumca
sruliad calsaxaa, rom aravis ar unda hqondes ufleba, sxvas
SeuzRudos sakuTari sicocxlis Taobaze gadawyvetilebis miRebis
ufleba. visac sikvdili namdvilad unda, xeli ar unda SevuSaloT
– acxadeben isini.501 saxelmwifo aravis uSlis sikvdils sakuTari
498
499
ix. Ардашева Н. А., Эвтаназия как метод искусственного прерывания жизни: правовые
условия, 2004, 133.
500
501
ix. www.pregnantpause.org/euth/liberty.htm/Euthanasia: A Case of Individual Liberty? Posted 6 Sep
146
xeliT. visac sikvdili unda, miuxedavad mizezisa, SeuZlia Tavad
gadawyvitos rodis, sad, ra saSualebiT da ra viTarebaSi
daasrulos sicocxle, Tumca gaumarTlebeli iqneba, moTxovnis
SemTxvevaSi, erTi adamianis sicocxlis dasruleba meore adamianis
movaleobad aqcios kanonma.
evTanaziis momxreebi acxadeben, rom ,,evTanazia daSvebuli
unda iyos, radgan umowyaloba da araadamianoba aris ara is, rom
davexmaroT momakvdavs, rom mokvdes, aramed is, rom ubralod
vuyuroT, Tu rogor itanjeba avadmyofi da araferi gavakeToT
imisTvis, rom rogorme SevumsubuqoT mas ukanaskneli tanjva“.502
aRniSnulis gacxadebisas, evTanaziis momxreebs aviwydebaT, rom
eqimic da saxelmwifoc pacientis tanjvis Sesamsubuqeblad yvela
saWiro zomas iRebs da dResdReobiT, Tanamedrove samedicino
preparatebiT, xSir SemTxvevaSi axerxeben kidec tkivilis
kontrols.
evTanaziis momxreTa mtkicebiT, roca adamians autaneli
tkivilebi stanjavs da roca am tkivils sazRvari aRar aqvs,
adamians urCevnia, miiRos damoukidebeli gadawyvetileba, daaswros
tkivils da Tavad moiswrafos sicocxle eqimis daxmarebiT, raTa
ipovos ,,advili sikvdili“.503 amasTan ,,Tanamedrove medicina mraval
ugonod myof avadmyofs maTi axloblebis fulis gaflangvis
xarjze wlobiT uxangrZlivebs sicocxles, romelic mxolod da
mxolod mcenareuli formiT arsebobaSi gamoixateba. aseTi
adamiani SesaZloa saSinlad itanjebodes, magram an mis ojaxis
wevrebs ar yofniT gambedaoba bolo mouRon maT tanjvas, an
kanoniT ekrZalebaT mgavsi qmedeba“.504
es ukanaskneli, sadac saubaris sicocxlis gaxangrZlivebaze,
pasiur evTanazias gulisxmobs, rac dResdReobiT problemuri
sakiTxi ar aris, vinaidan kanonmdeblobiT nebadarTulia,
Sesabamisad, misi ganxorcieleba pacientis an misi ojaxis nebazea
damokidebuli, raSic saxelmwifo ver Caereva. evTanaziis momxreni
pasiur evTanazias aqtiuri evTanaziis gverdiT aqtiurad imitom
ganixilaven, raTa gaaigivon es ori ufleba da amtkicon, rom is,
rac adre danaSaulad iTvleboda (igulisxmeba pasiuri evTanazia),
dRes nebadarTulia, vinaidan kanonmdebelma miiCnia, rom es
adamianis uflebaa da swored msgavsad undaT Sefasdes aqtiuri
evTanaziac, rac maTi azriT, mocemul problemas sabolood
aRmofxvris.
kanonmdeblobaTa umravlesoba adamians sikvdilis uflebas
ar aZlevs, rac ganuyofelia sicocxlis uflebisgan. adamiani
Tavad unda iyos sakuTari sicocxlis mflobeli da ganmkargavi.
ganukurnebeli seniT daavadebul avadmyofs, romelsac sul cota
xnis sicocxleRa darCenia da itanjeba autaneli tkiviliT, unda
mivceT ,,bednieri“ sikvdilis ufleba. arCevani man unda gaakeTos.
ufro didi codvaa adamianis dausrulebeli tanjvis yureba, vidre
502
www. euthanasia.com/suicide mercy-killing right-to-die physician assisted/html, 20.03.2011.
503
ix. Лунеев В.В., Преступность ХХ века: Мировой криминопогический анализ, М., 1997, 206.
504
gonglaZe T., statia, momkali nazad,
www.imediajournal.blogspot.com/2009/07/blog-post.html, 27.12.2011.
147
misi am tanjvisgan gaTavisufleba, Tundac amas adamianis
sicocxlis mospoba erqvas. evTanazia ki amisTvis saukeTeso gzaa505
_ ase asabuTeben TavianT pozicias evTanaziis dekriminalizaciis
mxardamWerebi, Tumca verafriT asabuTeben, Tu ratom aris
sikvdilis ufleba ganuyofeli sicocxlis uflebisgan. es ori
erTmaneTisgan sruliad damoukidebeli movlenaa da isini
erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebuli formiT vlindeba, Sesabamisad, maTi
gaigiveba arasworia. sicocxlesa da sikvdils Soris saerTo is
aris, rom dRemde orive maTgani amoucnobi fenomenia, rac
ZiriTadad RvTiuri saswauliT aixsneba.
holandiaSi eqimebma moiTxoves evTanaziis asakis daweva 12
wlamde. erT-erTma saavadmyofom ganacxada, rom unda daSvebuliyo
gonebrivi naklis mqone axalSobilTa evTanazia. msgavs 4 faqts
ukve hqonda adgili.506 Tu ase gagrZelda, msgavsad spartelebisa,
yvela fizikuri Tu fsiqikuri naklis mqone adamiani evTanaziis
meSveobiT gamoesalmeba sicocxles, maT Soris ,,usargeblo”
moxucebi, romelTac TavianTi Tavis movla aRar SeeZlebaT.
4.4.2. evTanaziis mowinaaRmdegeTa argumentebi
,,evTanaziis mowinaaRmdgeTa erTsulovan azrs saTaveSi

qristianuli eklesia udgas. mRvdelTmsaxurTa pozicia calsaxaa,
igi kategoriulad uaryofs evTanazias da acxadebs, rom ,,mcneba
,,ara kac kla“ da „giyvardes Tavi Seni“ _ is umTavresi zneobrivi
postulatebia, razec qristianuli moralia agebuli, es ki
sakmarisi safuZvelia imisaTvis, raTa evTanazia amoralur da
ukanono aqtad iqnes miCneuli. evTanaziis mowinaaRmdegeTa azriT,
avadmyofis mier evTanaziis moTxovna nakarnaxevia surviliT, rom
Tavisi ojaxi da sazogadoeba gaaTavisuflos finansuri da
moraluri tvirTisagan. miuTiTeben, rom eqimis mier evTanaziis
ganxorcieleba ewinaaRmdegeba hipokrates fics da Zirs uTxris
eqimis profesiisadmi xalxis ndobas sazogadod“.507 rac Seexeba
eqimebs, iuristebs, pedagogebs, fsiqologebs, filosofosebsa da
a.S., maTi azri icvleba cxovrebis realuri pirobebis
gaTvaliswinebiT. ase magaliTad, Rrmad moxucebulTa gamokiTxvam
uCvena, rom maTi mniSvnelovani nawili dasaSvebad miiCnevs da
mxars uWers evTanazias. zogierTi eqimi Tavis praqtikul
505
ix. www. euthanasia.com/ assisted suicide, living wills and mercy killing/html, 20.03.2011.
506
ix. www. euthanasia.com/ arguments against euthanasia/html, 21.03.2011.
148
saqmianobaSi mimarTavs ra evTanaziis gamoyenebas, miiCnevs, rom es
aris marTlzomieri moqmedeba.508
samyaro Tavisi urTulesi movlenebiTa da faqtebiT ise
srulyofilad Seqmna yovlisSemZle ufalma, rom masSi Carevisa da
raimes Secvlis uflebas qristianuli religia sastikad krZalavs.
cxovrebaSi arsebobs iseTi sfero, sadac adamianebs erTmaneTis
mimarT aqvs gegma, dauwereli kanoni da Tu adamiani ereva masSi, es
imas niSnavs, rom mas surs uzenaesis adgili daikavos da amiT
gautoldes mas. amitomac qristianuli SexedulebebiT evTanazia
arRvevs RvTiur wessa da kanonebs, sicocxle adamians swored
RmerTma uboZa da arc erT mokvdavs ufleba ara aqvs waarTvas is
vinmes, Tundac es saTanado mizezebiT iyos ganpirobebuli, ar
arsebobs aranairi mizezi da viTareba, romelic amarTlebs
mkvlevobasa Tu TviTmkvlelobas.509
iudaizmi, iseve rogorc qristianuli religia, adamianis
sicocxles RvTis wyalobad miiCnevs, amitom Tavidanve gamovida
TviTmkvlelobisa da evTanaziis winaaRmdeg. tanjva gaazrebuli
iyo, rogorc individis xvedri, romelic adamianma unda miiRos
Rirseulad, gmirulad.510
,,ebraelTa Soris debatebi evTanaziis Sesaxeb 1970 wlidan
daiwyo. ebraelTa nawili ewinaaRmdegeboda nebayoflobiT
evTanazias da es winaaRmdegoba xSirad Zalian mkacr xasiaTsac
atarebda, Tumca iyvnen iseTebic, romlebic garkveul mxardaWeras
ucxadebdnen pasiur evTanazias“.511
,,protestantuli eklesiis midgoma evTanaziisa da sikvdilis
xelSewyobis Sesaxeb sxvadasxvagvaria. 1970 wlidan, evangelisturi
eklesia TanamSromlobs kaTolikur eklesiasTan im sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT, romelic gulisxmobs adamianis sicocxlis
siwmindes. miuxedavad imisa, rom liberal-protestantebma uaryves
evTanazia, am ukanasknels mainc hqonda samoqalaqo sazogadoebis
mxridan mxardaWera. maT ricxvSi gaerTianda protestantuli
samRvdeloebis nawilic. isini samarTlebriv mxardaWeras
ucxadebdnen sikvidilis fizikurad xelSewyobas“. 512
,,islamuri sarwmunoeba kategoriulad krZalavs yvela saxis
TviTmkvlelobas da yvela im qmedebas, romelic exmareba sxvas
Tavis mokvlaSi.MmuslimanebisaTvis akrZalulia, rom dagegmon, anda
sakuTari nebis mixedviT winaswar gansazRvron sikvdilis dro“.513
,,rac SeexebaT budistebs, maT Soris, evTanaziasTan
dakavSirebiT sxvadasxva mosazrebebi arsebobs.Bbudizmis
mimdevarTa erTi nawili acxadebs, rom valdebulni arian Tavi
508
509
ix. www.firstthings.com/blogs/secondhandsmoke/2010/06/05/legalizing-euthanasia-in-belgium-
unleashes-nurses-to-do-doctor-ordered-non-voluntary-killing, 14.07.2011.
510
511
512
iqve, 131.
513
iqve, 131.
149
aaridon cocxali arsebis ganadgurebas. MmagaliTad, monastrul
kanonTa krebulSi naTqvamia, ,,Tu romelime budisti beri mouspobs
sicocxles adamians, anda Seuqebs sikvdilis upiratesobas, anda
msgavsad amisa waaqezebs adamians sikvdilisaken _ ,,Cemo megobaro
ra azri aqvs uferul cxovrebas SenTvis, sikvdili xom mas bevrad
ajobebs“, an am imediT ganzraxuli sxvadasxvagvarad daanaxebs
sikvdilis sikarges, an waaqezebs, rom mokvdes“, aseTi kaci
TviTonve iqneba damarcxebuli. aseTi beri budisturi samonazvno
sazogadoebidan gandevnili iqneba. sikvdilis xelSewyobaSi
igulisxmeba aramxolod qmedeba mimarTuli sicocxlis fizikurad
xelyofisken, aramed sityvac, romelic ,,kargi sikvdilis“
survils gauCens momakvdav avadmyofs“. 514
marTlmadidebluri da kaTolikuri eklesia sastikad
ewinaaRmdegeba evTanazias. ,,marTlmadidebluri eklesiis azri
aseTia _ dauSvebelia evTanaziis orive saxe, rogorc pasiuri, ise
aqtiuri“,515 es ukanaskneli faqtobrivad TviTmkvlelobaa, ufro
sworad, misTvis xelis Sewyoba, xolo TviTmkvleoba ki yvelaze
didi codvaa. adamians aqvs ufleba sicocxleze, xolo TviT
sicocxle da misi warTmevis ufleba mas ar ekuTvnis. mxolod
ufals aqvs ufleba, rogorc mianiWos, ise waarTvas sicocxle,
xolo evTanaziis meSveobiT adamiani ereva uflis saqmeSi, es ki
aris adamianis gauazrebeli, qvecnobieri ocneba _ gauTanabrdes
RmerTs, rac yovlad dauSvebelia. evTanaziiT adamiani sxva
adamians sicocxles arTmevs.
marTlmadidebluri eklesia calsaxad acxadebs, rom
evTanazia mkvlelobaa da ,,evTanaziis moTxovniT gardacvlili ver
daimkvidrebs sasufevels, radgan igi TviTmkvlelia. mkvlelia
eqimi, romelic aseve ver daimkvidrebs sasufevels“.516 rac Seexeba
damoukidebel arCevas, aseTi arCevani adamians mxolod suicidis
dros gaaCnia.517
,,aTi mcnebisaTvis _ ara kac hkla _ ucxoa ,,Semamsubuqebeli“
garemoebani (damnaSaveTa sikvdiliT dasja, Tavdacva da axloblis
dacva, samSoblos samarTlian omSi dacva _ rasakvirvelia calke
Temebia), evTanazia ki am kanonis pirdapiri darRvevaa“.518
,,evTanazias ,,sikvdilis kultura“ uwodes. es aris ara
mxolod ideebisa da Sexedulebebis gansakuTrebuli erToba,
romelic amarTlebs mkvlelobas, aramed es aris dasavluri
civilizaciis mier Sobili azrovnebis gansakuTrebuli tipi,
mentaliteti, romlis safuZvelSic Tavisuflebis cru gageba devs.
514
515
516
517
518
21.
150
WeSmariti Tavisufleba ufalTan yofnaa“519 _ acxadeben eklesiis
mesveurni.
,,terminologiurad evTanazias or nawilad yofen: negatiur,
anu pasiur evTanaziad – ,,davacadoT sikvdili“ da aqtiur, anu
namdvil evTanaziad – ,,davexmaroT sikvdilSi“. es dayofa arcTu
ise uwyinaria. igi eqimebs ayenebs cru dilemis winaSe: an Tqven
xarT humanuri, TanaugrZnobT moyvass da aqedan gamomdinare unda
gadaabijoT SeuZlebels da moklaT, an arada Tqven adamianis
TanagrZnobaze ufro maRla ayenebT abstraqtul dogmebs da
gulgrilad uyurebT mis xangrZliv tanjvas“.520
,,evTanaziis kategoriuli winaaRmdegi iyo Toma aqvineli (1225-
1274ww.). is Tvlida, rom TviTmkvleloba da evTanazia bunebis
kanonebis, sazogadoebrivi keTildReobis, qristianuli tradiciis
sawinaaRmdegoa da arRvevs RmerTis suverenul uflebas, ganagos
adamianis sicocxle“.521
mama konstantine giorgaZe (wm. ioane RvTismetyvelis taZris
mRvdelmsaxuri) fundameturad exeba evTanaziis sakiTxs da
acxadebs _ ,,modiT, ganvixiloT am satanuri procedurisadmi
marTlmadidebluri midgoma. ratom uSvebs RmerTi adamianis
tanjvas? ra azri devs masSi? es saWiroa adamianis saukuno
sicocxlisaTvis mosamzadeblad. roca sxva araferi aRar
moqmedebs tkivilma da gansacdelma SeiZleba gamoasworos
adamiani, miiyvanos sinanulamde da aRsarebamde. tkivili da
gansacdeli, gansakuTrebiT sikvdilis win, wmends adamians
codvebisgan da amdablebs mas. ra xdeba maSin, roca eqimi klavs
avadmyofs? suli midis am qveynidan moumzadebeli da Tu avadmyofi
TviTon Tanxmdeba evTanaziaze, TviTmkvlelobis codviTac mZimdeba,
xolo eqimi, ra Tqma unda, am dros jalaTia“. Tanamedrove
sazogadoeba Tavisi arsiT antitragikuli gaxlavT, is gaurbis
yovelgvar laparaks sikvdilTan dakavSirebiT. cdilobs,
miaCumaTos wameba da sikvdili TviT qristesic ki. magram sikvdili
xom usaWiroesi, cxovrebis arsTan damakavSirebeli elementia.
sikvdilis xsovna sibrZnea da misi moaxloeba adamianis Tavis
TavTan dabrunebas niSnavs, e.i. adamians aqvs ufleba, Seicnos
Tavisi gardacvaleba. sikvdilis etapi SeiZleba daitvirTos
sulisTvis sasargeblo moulodneli SemecnebebiT, romelTac Tan
moaqvT sinanuli, miteveba, moyvasTan da mtrebTan Serigeba, mTeli
gasuli cxovrebis gadafaseba da RvTis winaSe aRsareba. aqedan
gamomdinare evTanazia RvTis im mcnebis darRvevaa, sadac weria:
,,ara kac kla", rac adamians ar aZlevs cxonebis da gadarCenis
saSualebas, Tan Seuracxyofs uflisgan dadgenil mcnebas
sicocxlisa da sikvdilis Sesaxeb. vis awyobs evTanazia? sulieri
gaazrebiT evTanazia demons sWirdeba adamianis sulebis dasaRupad.
519
520
iqve,
521
151
aqedan gamomdinare, evTanaziis momxreTa saqmianoba satanizmia.
materialuri TvalsazrisiT ki evTanaziis miRma dgas sadazRvevo
kompaniaTa msxvili kapitali. adamiani mTeli Tavisi sicocxle
ixdis dazRvevaSi fuls da kompania valdebulia, avadmyofobis
dros mas samedicino daxmareba gauwios. sadazRvevo Senatanebi
didi fulia. daskvna naTelia“.522
mama konstantine pasuxs scems erT-erT yvelaze xSirad
dasmul kiTxvas, romelic exeba pacientis marTvadi sunTqvis
aparatidan gamorTvas _ ,,xSirad svamen kiTxvas, aris Tu ara
evTanazia adamianis marTvadi sunTqvis aparatidan gamorTva. im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu adamianis tvini ukve mkvdaria da es dasturdeba
samedicino konsiliumis gamokvlevis SedegiT da araviTari Sansi
ar arsebobs adamianis gadarCenisa, am SemTxvevaSi aparati unda
gamoirTos da es codva ar aris“.523
moZღvris ganmartebidan sruliad naTlad Cans eklesiis
damokidebuleba da is, Tu rogor aRiqvams eklesia adamianis
gardacvalebis faqts. maSin, roca adamiani pirovnebis funqcias
ver asrulebs, igi veRar gamova mdgomareobidan, misi tvini
mkvdaria, xolo gulis cema xelovnurad aris SenarCinebuli,
niSnavs, rom adamiani gardacvlilia da sasunTqi aparati mxolod
gvamis impulsur arsebobas axangrZlivebs, Sesabamisad aseTi
pacientis aparatidan gamorTva codvad ar iTvleba, Sesabamisad,
ukanonodac ar unda CaiTvalos.
marTlmadidebluri eklesia evTanazias satanis msaxurebad
aRiqvavs, romelic sabolood uspobs avadmyofs sinanulisa da
cxonebis SesaZleblobas. moZRvarTa absoluturi umravlesoba
daufaravad gmobs mas da mrevlis gasagonad ganmartavs, rom
aranairi gamarTleba ar aqvs evTanazias, ramdenadac adamianis
ukvdavi suli Seudareblad maRla dgas yovelTvis miwier
faseulobasa da Sexedulebaze. gadawyvetileba evTanaziaze
ubralod avadmyofis sasowarkveTilebis Sedegia. evTanaziis
dakanoneba sabolood dascems adamianTa isedac Seryeul zneobas. 524
,,sasuliero pirebi xorcieli tanjvis atanis valdebulebas
Semdegi argumentebiT amarTleben:
1. mxolod RmerTs aqvs ufleba wagvarTvas sicocxle. adamiani
uflis nebiTaa Seqmnili da mas unda emsaxurebodes;
2. tkivili da tanjva ar unda iyos sakmao safuZveli
TviTmkvlelobisaTvis. tkivilic da tanjvac RvTis mieraa
movlenili da misi Tavidan acileba SeuZlebelia;
3. adamians gansacdels RmerTi mxolod misi codvebisTvis
uvlens;
4. ufali adamians mxolod imden satanjvels mouvlens, risi
atanac mas SeuZlia;
522
523
iqve,
524
ix. interviu dekanoz arCil mindiaSvilTan,
152
5. sicocxle RvTis saCuqaria da amitom misi warTmevis
uflebac mxolod RmerTs aqvs“.525
eklesia amqveyniuri cxovrebis yvela dabrkolebis saTaves
adamianis SecodebaSi xedavs da mrevls mouwodebs, imis nacvlad,
rom adamianma ioli gza eZebos, umjobesia Seurigdes movlenil
gansacdels, amaRldes sulierad, fizikuri tanjviT gamoisyidos
Secodebani da uflis winaSe pirnaTeli warsdges. maRali rangis
sasuliero pirebis pozicia aseTia, ,,evTanazia, esaa satanis
msaxureba, romelic sabolood uspobs avadmyofs sinanulisa da
cxonebis saSualebas. aranairi gamarTleba ara aqvs evTanazias,
ramdenadac adamianis ukvdavi suli Seudareblad maRla dgas
yovelTvis miwier faseulobasa da Sexedulebaze, evTanaziis
dakanoneba sabolood dascems adamianTa isedac Seryeul zneobas,
vinaidan rodesac adamians esmis, Tu ratom isjeba avadmyofobiT
da igi madlobiT cdilobs aitanos Tavisi codvebiT movlenili
gansacdeli, amiT mas aqve, miwazeve umsubuqdeba codvebi da Tu igi
mimarTavs wm. eklesias da aRsarebaSi moinaniebs codvebs da
ziarebiT SeuerTdeba macxovars, sabolood mieteveba Cadenili
Secodebani“.526
evTanaziis mowinaaRmdegeTa mtkicebiT, advili sikvdilis
Ziebam SeiZleba miutevebeli codva Caadeninos rogorc sneuls, ise
eqims, vinaidan ,,tkivili da gansacdeli, gansakuTrebiT sikvdilis
win, wmends adamians codvebisgan da amdablebs mas“527 evTanaziis
aqtis SemTxvevaSi ki ,,suli midis am qveynidan moumzadebeli da Tu
avadmyofi TviTon Tanxmdeba evTanaziaze, TviTmkvlelobis codviT
mZimdeba, xolo eqimi, ra Tqma unda, am dros jalaTia“.528
,,mowyalebis yalb saburvelSi gaxveuli evTanazia aris ara
adamianis ufleba, Tavad gaakeTos arCevani sikvdil-sicocxles
Soris, anu misi sikvdilis ufleba, aramed is mkvlelobis
uflebaa. adamianis sicocxlis moswrafeba ,,keTilSobiluri“
miznebiT farisevlobaa“.529 ,,TanagrZnoba da Rrma simpaTia aris im
adamianTaTvis WeSmariti mowyaleba, vinc itanjeba“530 _ aseTia
evTenaziis mowinaaRmdegeTa verdiqti.
,,srul Wkuaze myofma pirmac SeiZleba ganacxados Tanxmoba
evTanaziaze, Tuki Tavs sazogadoebisaTvis ,,zedmet tvirTad“
aRiqvams. aseTi fsiqologiuri wnexis qveS myofi piri involuciuri
cvlilebebis fonze misTvis mZime gadawyveitlebas iRebs, Tavadac
codvas idebs da misi nebis Semsrulebelsac codvaSi agdebs.
yovlad dauSvebelia evTanazia agoniis fonze, mxolod
525
526
527
528
iqve,
529
530
iqve, 38.
153
axloblebis Tanxmobis safuZvelze, vinaidan yvelas rodi ZaluZs
iliaseuli aforistuli simaRlidan gadmoxedva: ,,Cemi msajuli
Cemi tvinia da is patara RmerTi, romelsac sindiss eZaxian“. 531
swored moraluri mxare gaxda safuZveli, rom evTanazia
saqarTveloSi kanoniT dasjadad gamocxadda. garda amisa,
mowinaaRmdegeebi miiCneven, rom Tu dakanondeba evTanazia, amas
SeiZleba fataluri Sedegebi mohyves, man SeiZleba masobrivi
xasiaTi miiRos, ris SemaSfoTebel magaliTsac ukve adgili aqvs
holandiaSi, sadac yovelwliurad daaxloebiT 2000 moqalaqe
asrulebs sicocxles evTanaziiT. ibadeba kiTxva _ xom ar
SeiZleba adgili hqondes pacientis nebis sawinaaRmdegod mis
mkvlelobas? amis saSiSroeba ki namdvilad arsebobs, rac
gamoiwvevs imas, rom evTanaziiT SeiniRbeba Cveulebrivi mkvleloba.
amasTan, SeiZleba droTa ganmavlobaSi Semsubuqdes kanoniT
dadgenili moTxovnebi, amas ki mohyveba nebis sawinaaRmdego
qmedebis saSiSroebis gazrda. amis naTeli magaliTia is, rom
holandiaSi warmodgenil iqna kanonproeqti eqimebis mier, romlis
Tanaxmadac, evTanaziaze ufleba unda miniWebodaT pacientebs 12
wlis asakidan, romelTac SeeZloT Tavad gadaewyvitaT miemarTaT
evTanaziis aqtisTvis eqimis meSveobiT. sakiTxi ufro Sorsac
wavida, erT-erTma saavadmyofom ganacxada, rom adgili unda
hqonoda gonebrivi naklis mqone axalSobilebis evTanazias,
romlis Sesaxebac gadawyvetilebas Tavad eqimi miiRebda, xolo
mSoblebis roli metad SezRuduli iqneboda. araoficialurad
dadasturda, rom am saavadmyofoSi 4 aseT faqts ukve hqonia
adgili. Tu ase gagrZelda, Tuki kanoni eqims daavaldebulebs, rom
man pativi unda sces da daemorCilos pacientis survils
evTanaziis Sesaxeb, maSin gamodis, rom eqimi valdebuli gaxdeba,
moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi, evTanazia ganaxorcielos fizikuri
tanjviT daRlili pacientis mimarT.532
evTanaziis mowinaaRmdegeebs, TavianTi poziciis sisworis
dasabuTebisaTvis Semdegi argumentebi mohyavT:
1. avadmyofTa umravlesobisagan nebayoflobiTi sikvdilis
moTxovna ZiriTadad motivirebulia autaneli tkivilebiT,
e.i. es moTxovna gamowveulia iZulebiT da ara obieqturi
mdgomareobiT. medicinis istoriaSi mravali faqti
arsebobs, rodesac daWrilebi da dasaxiCrebulebi
kidurebis amputaciis dros kategoriulad iTxovdnen
momakvdinebeli saSualebebis miRebas. isic cnobilia Tu
rogor SeunarCunda sicocxle, fexi, xeli da a.S.
aTasobiT adamians;
2. medicinis ganviTarebis tempebi, axali teqnologiebi da
saSualebebi avadmyofTa gadasarCenad adasturebs, rom
bevri daavadeba, romelic ganukurneblad iTvleboda,
531
20.
532
154
dRes eqvemdebareba mkurnalobas, amitom evTanazia am
motiviT dauSvebelia;
3. evTanaziis dakanoneba miuRebelia zneobrivi
TvalsazrisiT. adamianis sicocxlis unikalurobis gamo,
eqimi valdebulia bolo wuTebamde yvela saSualebiT
ibrZolos mis SesanarCuneblad. Tanamedrove samedicino
saSualebebi avadmyofs, eqimis gamamxnevebel saubarTan
erTad, imeds usaxavs, imedi ki naxevrad
gamojanmrTelebaa;
4. gamoricxuli araa Secdoma diagnozSi. is, rac dRes
ganukurnebel senad iTvleba, xval SeiZleba gankurnebadi
gaxdes;
5. SesaZloa evTanazia gamoyenebul iqnas boroti
miznebisaTvis (igulisxmeba winaswar gamiznuli
mkvleloba an organoTa transplantaciisaTvis nebarTvis
miReba), risi SemTxvevebic sakmaod arsebobs.533
6. ,,evTanazia dauSvebelia iuridiuli TvalsazrisiT, radgan
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac eqimi kiboTi daavadebul uimedo
avadmyofs momakvdinebel nemss ukeTebs, obieqturad
sikvdils iwvevs ara TviT avadmyofobiT gamowveuli
paTologiuri cvlilebebi, aramed tkivilis gamo
miRebuli gadawyvetileba“; 534
7. ,,gamoricxuli araa eqimis xelmrudoba, rac SesaZlebelia
evTanaziis motiviT daifaros. evTanazia SeuTavsebelia
eqimis profesiul da sazogadoebriv funqciasTan, ndobis
atmosferosTan, romelic unda sufevdes eqimsa da
pacients Soris“;535
8. ,,evTanazia saerTod miuRebelia religiuri mosazrebiT.
qristianobam adamianebi RmerTis mier ukvdavad Seqmnilad
gamoacxada, magram misi winapris, adamis Cadenili codvis
gamo RmerTma adamiani _ ukvdavad Seqmnili arseba _
mokvdavi gaxada. Aase damkvidrda Sua saukuneebis e.w.
,,Tanatocentrizmis”, romelTanac principul
winaaRmdegobaSia humanizmiT gamsWvaluli samedicino
morali“.536
am TvalsazrisiT, aRsaniSnavia 1987 wlis deklaracia
evTanaziis Sesaxeb (espaneTi), romlis Tanaxmadac, evTanazia
araeTikuria. Tumca es ar gamoricxavs im faqts, rom eqimi
asrulebs ra avadmyofis moTxovnas, mkurnalobis SewyvetiT
(pasiuri evTanazia), avadmyofobis terminalur fazaSi myof
pacients SesaZleblobas aZlevs, bunebrivad dadges sikvdili.
espaneTSi 1992 wels miRebul iqna deklaracia
,,TviTmkvlelobisas eqimTa daxmarebis Sesaxeb”, romlis mixedviTac,
533
534
wereTeli T., evTanazia, rogorc zneobrivi da samarTlebrivi problema,
sabWoTa samarTali, #6, Tb. 1976, 52.
535
iqve, 52-53.
536
iqve, 53.
155
eqimTa daxmareba TviTmkvlelobisas aseve realuria, Tumca Tu
avadmyofi uars ambobs mkurnalobaze, mas amis ufleba aqvs da es
unda iyos gaTvaliswinebuli.
kvlevebiT dadasturebulia, rom ebraul da qristianul
saavadmyofoebSi pacientTa 99 procenti sicocxles ebRauWeba da
evTanaziaze uars acxadebs. naklebad religiur saavadmyofoebSi ki
pacientTa 90-idan 95 procentamde irCevs sicocxlis gagrZelebas,
miuxedavad fizikuri tkivilebisa. im avadmyofTa umravlesoba,
romlebic sikvdilis survils gamoTqvamen, amas tanjvis SiSiT
akeTeben.537
piris ufleba, mis mimarT ganxorcieldes evTanazia,
avtonomiur uflebaTa ricxvs ganekuTvneba, Tumca aRniSnuli
mxolod pasiuri evTanaziis TvalsazrisiT SeiZleba gaxdes
misaRebi.538
,,evTanaziis mowinaaRmdegeTa azriT, evTanazia aris
mkvlelobis erT-erTi forma, xolo nebayoflobiTi evTanazia _
TviTmkvleloba.Aaseve, uaryofil iqna evTanazia Teologebis mier.
isini aRniSnaven, rom evTanazia es aris Zaladoba sicocxleze“.539
,,SeiZleba evTanazia borotad gamoiyenon, gansakuTrebiT
umweobaSi myofi pirebis mimarT“,540 rac gansakuTrebiT
sayuradReboa im pirobebSi, roca ,,specialistebi amtkiceben, rom
dedamiwis mcxovrebTa naxevari Zaladobis Sedegad iRupeba“.541
medicinas axsovs aseve SemTxvevebi, roca uimedo pacientis
mkurnaloba Sewyda, Tumca swored am dros daubrunda igi
sicocxles, amis naTeli magaliTia saqarTveloSi momxdari
TiTqmis daujerebeli SemTxveva, romelic avariis Sedegad mZimed
daSavebul zaza zurabiSvils exeboda _ ,,rodesac eqimebs z.
zuraSvilis gadarCenis imedi gadaewuraT, maT gadawyvites mZime
avtoavariis msxverpli agoniisgan exsnaT da xelovnuri sunTqva
Seuwyvites. Tumca, medikosebiTvis moulodnelad, sikvdilis piras
myof avadmyofs sunTqva damoukidebelad aRudga da gulis cemac
ganuaxlda. msgavsi SemTxvevebi kidev ufro aRvivebs kamaTs
evTanaziis avkargianobis Sesaxeb“.542
kiTxvaze, Tu „ras pirdeba medicinasa da saerTod
kacobriobas evTanaziis dakanoneba”, mama konstantine giorgaZe
pasuxobs _ bevrisaTvis cnobilia avstrieli franc Stanglis
537
538
ix. Suzanne Ost, Journal of Civil Liberties Vol.5.issue2, Conceptions of the euthanasia phenomenon: a
539
540
541
Лунеев В.В., Преступность ХХ века: Мировой криминопогический анализ, М., 1997, 199-200.
542
gonglaZe T., statia, momkali nazad,
www.imediajournal.blogspot.com/2009/07/blog-post.html, 27.12.2011.
156
magaliTi: Tavdapirvelad f. Stangli „Cveulebrivi veneli
policieli da kargi moqalaqe iyo“. hitleris mier avstriis
anSlusis Semdeg igi daniSnul iqna moxucebulTa, invalidTa da
gonebasustTa saavadmyofoebis oficrad. Tavisi „moRvaweoba“ imiT
daiwyo, rom ukurnebelad daavadebulebsa da fsiqopatebs xvedrs
„umsubuqebda gulmowyale sikvdiliT“, anu evTanaziiT.
Tavdapirvelad misma Tanamedroveebma es Seafases, rogorc
„erTaderTi SesaZlo Rirseuli gadawyvetileba“, TumcaRa franc
Stangelma imiT daasrula, rom poloneTSi faSisturi
sakoncentracio banakis treblinkis komendati gaxda da
organizacia gauwia 900 000 adamianis ganadgurebas.543 moZRvari
hgmobs evTanazias, miT umetes 21-e saukuneSi _ ,,es veluri,
barbarosuli wesi meoce saukuneSi sicocxlisunariani xdeba,
Tanac amas adgili aqvs ara amazonisa da afrikis junglebSi,
aramed ,,civilizebul’’ dasavleTSi. pirvelad evTanazia meoce
saukunis faSistur germaniaSi iqna SemoRebuli, axla ki
oficialurad holandiaSi gamoiyeneba. ukve sakanonmdeblo doneze
miiRes avstraliaSic da albaT male sxva qveynebSic
dakanondeba”544 _ acxadebs igi.
yuradsaRebia mRvdeli daviT qvliviZis sityvebi: ,,sicocxle
adamians RmerTma mianiWa da manve ganusazRvra amqveynad mosvlis
misia sikvdilis Semdeg samoTxeSi moxvedris, anu cxonebis saxiT.
absoluturad uimedo situaciebSi cnobierebadakarguli
adamianisaTvis marTviTi sunTqvis aparatis gamorTva (pasiuri
evTanazia), misTvis cxonebis ukanaskneli Sansis warTmevas niSnavs
..... ganwiruli avadmyofisaTvis sasikvdilo ineqciis gakeTeba ki
mkvlelobis tolfasia, radgan uflis mier naboZebi sicocxlis
warTmevis ufleba aravis aqvs. Tavad aseTi pacienti evTanaziaze
TanxmobiT, TviTmkvlelobas Cadis, xolo misi survilis
Semsrulebeli adamiani, iqneba igi eqimi, Tu sxva piri, Cveulebrivi
mkvleli xdeba“.545
rogorc Cans, eklesiis mesveurnic ki ar arian saerTo azris
pasiuri evTanaziis mimarT. mama konstantine giorgaZis ukve
ganxiluli mosazreba pasiur evTanaziaze (im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
adamianis tvini ukve mkvdaria da es dasturdeba samedicino
konsiliumis gamokvlevis SedegiT da araviTari Sansi ar arsebobs
adamianis gadarCenisa, am SemTxvevaSi aparati unda gamoirTos da
es codva ar aris) pirdapir ewinaaRmdegeba mRvdel daviT
qvliviZis zemoaRniSnul pozicias. gamodis, rom
cnobierebadakarguli adamianisaTvis marTviTi sunTqvis aparatis
gamorTvas erTi codvad ar afasebs, meore ki cxonebis Sansis
warTmevad racxavs, maS rogor ganvsazRvroT, romeli poziciaa
swori da gasaTvaliswinebeli da romeli ara? mama konstantine
543
544
iqve,
545
18.
157
iseT viTarebas gulisxmobs, roca adamianis arc tvini
funqcionirebs da gulis funqciac aparats aqvs aRebuli, roca
misi kveba zondirebiTac veRar xerxdeba da aparatis gamorTva
pacientis umal gardacvalebas gamoiwvevs, saxezea ukve gvamis
mdgomareobis SenarCunebis mcdeloba, miiCneva, rom adamiani
gardacvalebis process ganicdis, Tumca iqedan gamomdinare, rom
qarTuli marTlmadidebeli eklesia evTanaziis orive formis
mimarT Seuwynarebelia da gmobs maT, mama konstantines sityvebi
mis pirad poziciad unda CaiTvalos da ara eklesiis poziciad.
dekanozi arCil mindiaSvili ambobs _ ,,TiToeul adamians
aqvs Tavisufali neba da aqedan gamomdinare SeuZlia, gaiaros
mkurnaloba, an uari Tqvas masze, magram aqvs mniSvneloba imasac,
ra mosazrebis safuZvelze ambobs uars”.546 zogi sakuTari
religiuri Sexedulebisamebr Tvlis, rom umjobesia sxeuli
daitanjos, raTa suli amaRldes, zogisTvis ki ubralod
sikvdilia sasurveli. rac Seexeba sakiTxs, unda iqnas Tu ara
samedicino aparatze SeerTebuli pacienti, romlis guls da tvins
ukve funqcia aqvs dakarguli, an gamarTlebulia Tu ara, aseTi
pacientis mkurnalobis Sewyveta da aparatidan gamorTva sadavoa
da specialur codnas moiTxovs. jer-jerobiT eklesias
oficialuri pasuxi am kiTxvebze ar gaaCnia.
rac Seexeba aRmosavlur religiebs _ indiuzmsa da budizms,
isini nakleb mniSvnelobas aniWeben nebayoflobiTi sikvdilis
eTikurobas. am problemasTan dakavSirebiT aseTi gulgriloba
aixsneba imiT, rom budizms da induizms sul sxvagvarad esmis
sikvdilis fenomeni, mocemuli religiebi aRiareben miwieri
arsebobis ganmeorebiTobas anu mravalgzis gardacvalebas,
adamians mouwevs mravaljer dabadeba da mravaljer sikvdili.
yovelive axali sicocxle ganixileba, rogorc mZime gamocda,
romelic unda Rirseulad Caabaro, raTa sulma miaRwios
siwmindes, gamoeyofa daxSul cikls da mas ar mouwevs kvlav
dabadeba da kvlav sikvdili. reinkarnaciis ideis mixedviT
nebayoflobiTi sikvdili _ uazrobaa, radgan bediswera gaimeorebs
analogiur situacias da garemoebas.547
evTanazia exeba ara mxolod pacients, aramed, eqimebs,
pacientis ojaxis wevrebs da mTels sazogadoebas, saxelmwifos,
swored amitom, kanonmdebelma am yvela subieqtis interesebis
gaTvaliswinebiT unda moawesrigos evTanaziis kriminalizacia-
dekriminalizaciis sakiTxi.
dRes vrceldeba Sexeduleba imis Sesaxeb, rom eqimi unda
gamoTavisufldes evTanaziis aRmasruleblis funqciisagan, rom es
unda gaakeTos sxva pirma. magram is aviwydebaT, rom
gadawyvetilebis miReba eqimis gareSe ver moxerxdeba. nuTu imas
aqvs mniSvneloba, Tu teqnikurad vin ganaxorcielebs am sazarel
546
547
ix. Tread Carefully When You Help to Die, Assisted Suicide Laws Around the World,
www.assistedsuicide.org/suicide_laws,future_of_right-to-die_movement.html, 09.02.2011.
158
qmedebas: vin gaakeTebs ineqcias, an vin daaWers TiTs gamSvebi
meqanizmis Rilaks, an gamorTavs xelovnuri sunTqvis aparats.548
yvela maTgans, iqneba is eqimi Tu teqnikuri personali,
emuqreba mkvlelis gansacdeli: raskolnikovis koSmari an
bioeTikis klasikad aRiarebuli SemTxveva _ tragedia doqtor jon
kraisa, romelmac megobris evTanaziuri sikvdilis ganxorcielebis
Semdeg Tavi moikla. sxvebi e.w. ,,gevorqianis epidemiis” msverplni
SeiZleba gaxdnen.549
klinikaSi diuSenis miopaTiiT (es memkvidruli daavadeba
xasiaTdeba kunTebis progresirebadi dambliT, rac 18-25 wlis
asakSi sasunTq kunTebsac aRwevs da viTardeba sunTqvis
ukmarisoba, riTac es avadmyofebi iRupebian kidec) daavadebuli 18
wlis giorgi moaTavses. pacienti xelovnur sunTqvaze iyo
gadayvanili, Tumca Tavisi mxneobiT, vaJkacobiT, gamZleobiT
(miuxedavaT SedarebiTi uimedobisa da sasowarkveTilebis
periodebisa) eqimebs saSulebas aZlevda, bolomde SeesrulebinaT
eqimis movaleoba. misi tkivilebi Zlierdeboda, uWirda wolac,
awuxebda sasunTqi milic, iZulebiTi mdgomareobac... da am
tanjviTa da tkiviliT savse sivrceSi arsad iyo adgili
evTanaziisa. misi SesaZlo adgili siyvaruls amoevso, im
siyvaruls, romelsac giorgis aZlevdnen deda, bebia, axloblebi,
deidaSvilebi, eqTnebi, eqimebi...…igi yvelasaTvis axlobeli
gamxdariyo da miuxedavad imisa, rom iqneb yvelaze saukeTeso
movla-patronoba rodi iyo dedamiwis zurgze, misi sicocxle mainc
grZeldeboda.550
,,...da vis SeuZlia Tqvas, rom es ar iyo amqveynad adamianTa
mier gandidebuli mravali admianis sulze bevrad maRali, bevrad
Zvirfasi da, SesaZloa, yvelaze Zvrfasi sicocxlec ki uflis
TvalSi? vin gabedavs, mohyves imis mtkicebas, rom uimedo da
ganukurnebeli pacientebi evTanazias unda daeqvemdebaron?“551
ojaxis wevrebi didi siyvaruliT uvlidnen am saocar biWs,
xorcieli sikvdilisaTvis ganwirul arsebas, romelSic
cocxlobda adamianis ulamazesi, ukvdavi suli... es iyo sakuTar
sxeulSi qristesaviT jvarcmuli suli da es ukvdavi suli,
davanebuli ususur sxeulSi, garemoculi iyo gansakuTrebuli
zrunviT. adamianebs giorgisaTvis SeZlebisdagvarad marto
kacobriobis ki ara, RmerTis siyvarulic mihqondaT. da es iyo
kacobriobis erTaderTi SesaZlebeli, usaTuod swori pasuxi ama
soflis yvela gansacdelsa da tanjvaze: aCuqo siyvaruli... ase
cxaddeba problema sicocxlis sazrisis, adamianis arsebobis
miznisa evTanaziologiur diskursSi.552
548
ix. tukvaZe x., saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba abortis Sesaxeb, bioeTika,
saqarTvelos religiaTmcodneobaTa kavSiris biblioTeka, Tb., 2009, 47.
549
ix. iqve, 47.
550
Tb., 2009, 32.
551
iqve, 32.
552
ix. iqve, 33-34.
159
marTlac rom SeuZlebelia kanonmdebelma gverdi auaros
adamianur moments da pragmatulad daavaldebulos nebismieri
profesiis adamiani, gansakuTrebiT ki eqimi (romelsac hipokrates
fici aqvs dadebuli), aqtiurad Caerios RvTiur da bunebriv
procesSi, rasac adamianis gardacvaleba hqvia da amiT daarRvios
dedamiwaze sicocxlis gaCenisa da dasasrulis auxsneli procesi,
romelSic wvlili adamians ar miuZRvis.
mimaCnia, rom aqtiuri evTanazia yovlad gaumarTlebelia.
marTalia, erTi mxriv, Znelia, adamians aiZulo misi nebis
sawinaaRmdegod sicocxle, magram meore mxriv, unda gvaxsovdes,
rom avadmyofoba sasjeli ar aris da moTmineba unda gamoviCinoT.
აqtiuri evTanazia miuRebelia zneobrivi TvalsazrisiTac.
yoveli adamianis sicocxle unikaluri da ganumeorebelia da eqimi
movalea bolo wuTamde, yvela saSualebis gamoyenebiT ibrZolos
misi gadarCenisaTvis. adamianebis mizani erTmaneTis daxmareba unda
iyos da ara erTmaneTis sikvdilSi monawileobis miReba.553
rac ar unda bevri vamtkicoT evTanaziis sikeTe da misi
dadebiTi mxare adamianis mier sakuTari nebiT amqveynidan
wasvlaSi, es mainc ver gadaswonis im moralur-religiur
Rirebulebebs, romlebic sicocxlis yovel gamovlinebas
araamqveyniur, sapativcemulo movlenad aRiareben da im
samarTlebriv problemebs, romlebic evTanaziis nebismieri formis
dekriminalizacias aucileblad axlavs Tan.554
Tanamedrove adamians, romelmac kosmosis dapyroba SeZlo,
albaT uWirs Tavisufali nebis SezRudvis marTebuloba, Tumca
upriania aseTi adamiani kanonis boWviT vaiZuloT, aRiaros
sicocxlis uflebis uzenaesoba, vidre mas survilis
ganxorcielebis Tavisufali asparezi mivceT.
mimaCnia, rom sicocxlis uflebasa da sikvdilis uflebas
Soris arCevanis gakeTebisas, msoflio sazogadoebam arCevani
sicocxlis sasargeblod unda gaakeTos. sikvdilTan TamaSis
dros, yoveli daSvebuli Secdoma sabediswero da
gamousworebelia, amitomac sjobs vaRiaroT sicocxlis
uzenaesoba da xelSeuxebloba da tanjul adamians davexmaroT
yvelafriT, rac SesaZlebelia, magram aramc da aramc ar SevexoT
mis sicocxles, romelic misTvis arc erT mokvdavs ar miuniWebia.
553
ix. wereTeli T., statia, sicocxlis dasawyisi da dasasruli, fetusisa da
evTanaziis uflebrivi sakiTxebi, qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia, tomi IV, Tb.,
1977, 104.
554
ix. iqve, 109.
160
Tavi 5. evTanaziis zogadsamarTlebrivi da socialuri
problemebi
ar SeiZleba samarTali sruliad moswydes religias,

gansakuTrebiT saukunovani religiuri tradiciebis mqone qveyanaSi
(maT Soris saqarTveloSi, sadac marTlmadidebluri eklesiis
gansakuTrebuli roli qveynis istoriul ganviTarebaSi
aRiarebulia konstituciis me-9 muxliT). Tumca arc is aris
realuri vTqvaT, rom qveynis kanonmdebloba saeklesio samarTliT
unda iyos nakarnaxevi, gansakuTrebiT XXI saukuneSi, sadac
pirovnebis Tavisuflebis kultia da adamiani mieCvia azrs, rom
sakuTari cxovrebis baton-patroni mxolod Tavad aris.
gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom qristianuli eklesiis pozicias
bolomde arc saerTaSoriso organizaciebi iziareben.
saerTaSoriso deklaraciis Tanaxmad, aqtiuri evTanazia miCneulia
araeTikurad, Tumca faqtobrivad misi pasiuri saxe daSvebulia,
vinaidan am dros gaTvaliswinebulia avadmyofis neba. aseve
gasarkvevia ,,rogoria sisxlis samarTlis pozicia tkivilis
momxsneli nemsis mimarT (aqtiuri evTanazia). mxedvelobaSia iseTi
SemTxveva, roca eqimi avadmyofs aZlevs wamlis sasikvdilo dozas
ara tkivilis gasayuCeblad, aramed sasikvdilo xsnisTvis, Tavad
avadmyofis an misi axloblebis TxovniT“.555
,,evTanaziis problema mWidrod ukavSirdeba samarTlebriv,
socialuri, moralur, bioeTikur, samedicino, religiur da
filosofiur sakiTxebs, amitom igi kompleqsur xedvas moiTxovs
da mxolod imis mixedviT ar unda gadawydes, Tu romeli uflebaa
sazogadod ufro mniSvnelovani“556.
evTanazia _ am sityvam dRevandeli msoflio
sazogadoebriobis TvalSi araerTgvarovani popularoba moixveWa.
diskusiebi mis irgvliv ar wydeba da darwmunebiT SeiZleba iTqvas,
rom arc Sewydeba erTi mizeziT _ es mizezi msoflio
sazogadoebriobis Seuqcevadi sekularizaciaa _ xolo misi
Sedegia is, rom pluralistulma da demokratiuli idealebisadmi
aragulwrfelad midrekilma kacobriobam Tanamedrove medicinaSi
qristianuli Rirebulebebis adgili ar datova.557
bunebrivad ibadeba kiTxva: ramdenad aucilebelia amgvari
diskusiebi saqarTveloSi im samarTlebriv fonze rodesac
saqarTvelos kanoni ,,janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb” (muxli 151)
acxadebs, rom ,,samedicino personals, agreTve, nebismier sxva pirs
555
556
557ix. mamulaSvili b.,Fstatia, fsiqosocialuri toqsinebi da suicidi, bioeTika,
Tb., 2009, 12.
161
ekrZaleba evTanaziis ganxorcieleba an am ukanasknelSi
monawileobis miReba”.
erTi sityviT aqtiuri evTanazia akrZalulia! magram ideebis
akrZalva SeuZlebelia, miT umetes, rom mavanni yovelTvis
Seecdebian am ideebis gavrcelebisaTvis xelis Sewyobas Cvens
qveyanaSi sxva mravali ideologiuri agresiis kvaldakval Cveni
indiferentulobis an arajansaRi dainteresebis pirobebSi.
rogorc uaxlesi warsulis gamocdileba gviCvenebs, amgvar
viTarebaSi kanonmdeblobis transformacia uaryofiTi fenomenebis
damkvidrebis mimarTulebiT advilad xdeba, Tu mas ar
daupirispirda Camoyalibebuli saxelmwifoebrivi, erovnuli,
sazogadoebrivi ideologia da cnobiereba. swored am amocanas
unda emsaxurebodes dRevandeli da sxva msgavsi samecniero
forumebi, romlebic Tavisi SinaarsiT, SegaxsenebT, bioeTikuria.558
diskusiaSi evTanaziis Sesaxeb wina planze umetesad
konkretuli problemebi da dilemebia gamotanili: _ ratom ar
unda mivceT avadmyofs Rirseuli sikvdilis ufleba? _
gvekiTxebian evTanaziis momxreebi, _ ratom ar unda daesvas
wertili adamianis tanjvas, Tuki igi ganukurnebeli seniTaa
Sepyrobili? ratom unda daixarjos amdeni medikamenti da mocdes
samedicino aparatura uimedo sneulTa mkurnalobisaTvis?559
dasmul kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemamde imis gaTvaliswinebaa
saWiro, rom diskusiა evTanaziis Sesaxeb unda iwyebodes
refleqsiiT evTanaziis arsis Sesaxeb, anu imiT, Tu ra aris
evTanazia... arada TiTqos yvelaferi naTelia. aravis epareba eWvi
imaSi, rom kargad icis, Tu ra aris da ra ar aris evTanazia.
evTanazias ganmartaven, rogorc:
 uimedo pacientebis umtkivneulo mokvdinebas,
 sxva adamianis mokvdinebas mis sasargeblod misive
TanxmobiT,
 avadmyofis sikvdilis moaxloebas misive TxovniT,
ganxorcielebuls raime moqmedebiT an saSualebiT, maT
Soris sicocxlis SemanarCunebeli xelovnuri
RonisZiebebis Sewyvetis gziT da a.S.
gasarkvevia, Tu ramdenad marTlzomieria avadmyofis
moTxovna evTanaziaze, aqvs Tu ara adgili ,,sikvdilis uflebas“
,,sicocxlis uflebaSi“.
sakiTxis garSemo bevri kiTxva Cndeba:
1. ,,sicocxlis ufleba“ bunebiTi uflebaa, rac imas
niSnavs, rom saxelmwifos arc miniWeba SeuZlia misi da
arc CamorTmeva; magram ramdenad Seesabameba
zemoaRniSnuli debulebis logikas saxelmwifos
(saxelmwifoTa jgufis) ufleba, daadginos ,,sicocxlis
uflebis“ Sinaarsobrivi farglebi da am gziT Tavad
gansazRvros, Tu ra aris is, romlis arc miniWeba
558
Tb., 2009, 14.
559
ix. iqve, 16.
162
SeuZlia mas da arc CamorTmeva? arsebobs Tu ara
saerTod ,,sicocxlis uflebis“ ganmartebis
eqskluziuri kompetencia vinmesaTvis?“ 560
2. ,,sicocxle“ uzenaesi Rirebulebaa, magram SeiZleba Tu
ara sicocxlis, rogorc Rirebulebis xarisxobrivi
diferenciacia? arsebobs Tu ara gansxvaveba, obieqturi
Tu subieqturi TvalsazrisiT, adamianur (srulfasovan)
sicocxlesa da vegetatiur sicocxles Soris? aris Tu
ara ,,arasrulfasovani sicocxle“ mainc uzenaesi
Rirebuleba?“561
3. ,,sicocxle“ mxolod ganyenebuli cneba ar aris. mis
uzenaes Rirebulebad miCneva emyareba TiToeuli
sicocxlis ganumeoreblobas da amis gamo, igi,
uwinaresad, im individisTvisaa yvelaze didi
Rirebuleba, visac is ekuTvnis, magram aqvs Tu ara mas
ufleba gankargo es sicocxle? Tuki misi gankargvis
ufleba ar aqvs adamians, maSin arsebobs Tu ara
,,sicocxlis movaleoba?”562
sicocxle adamianis bunebiTi ufleba, uzenaesi Rirebulebaa,
rac imas niSnavs, rom igi adamianis dabadebidan Cndeba da
saxelmwifos Tu sxva adamians am uflebis arc miniWeba SeuZlia da
arc CamorTmeva. ,,adamianis ZiriTad uflebebs pativi unda scen ara
mxolod maT, vinc valdebulia (sajaro xelisuflebam), aramed
TviT am uflebebiT aRWurvilma adamianebmac“.563 aqedan unda
gavakeToT daskvna, rom yvela adamians aqvs ufleba, saxelmwifosa
da sxva adamianTa Carevis gareSe imoqmedos sakuTari bunebiTi
uflebebis sferoSi. saxelmwifo ver daawesebs pasuxismgeblobas
piris mier bunebiTi uflebis sferoSi, sakuTari TavisTvis zianis
miyenebis SemTxvevaSi, rac imas gulisxmobs, rom mas sakuTari
sicocxlis gankargvis ufleba aqvs, Tumca es imas ar niSnavs, rom
SeiZleba arsebobdes sxva adamianis, igive bunebiTi uflebebis
matareblis valdebuleba, Seasrulos meore adamianis moTxovna
sicocxlis dasrulebis Taobaze.
rac Seexeba ,,arasrulfasovan sicocxles“ aRniSnuli
Sefasebis kategoriaa da miuxedavad imisa, adamiani mas
arasrulfasovnad TvliT Tu ara, uzenaes Rirebulebad rCeba.
erT-erTi mTavari orientiri imis sworad Sefasebaa, aris Tu
ara evTanaziis moTxovna bunebrivi, adamianis mier marTlzomierad
nagulvebi ufleba.
,,sicocxlis ufleba“ ,,Tavisuflebis uflebaTa“ kategorias
miekuTvneba. mas ,,negatiuri statusi“ aqvs, igi individis
560
561
iqve, 57.
562
iqve, 58.
563
163
Tavisuflebis gansazRvruli sivrcea, romelic boWavs yvela
gareSes, saxelmwifosac da sxva adamianebsac“.564
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-2 muxlis
ZiriTadi mizania, daicvas adamianebi sicocxlis Zaladobrivi
xelyofisgan da sicocxlisTvis saSiSi sxva safrTxeebisgan
teqstSi mocemuli ori ZiriTadi elementis meSveobiT: pirvel
punqtSi sicocxlis uflebis ,,sakanonmdeblo gziT“ dacvis zogadi
valdebulebis dadgeniT da me-2 punqtSi im amomwuravi garemoebebis
CamoTvliT, romlis drosac saxelmwifo moxeleebis mier
sicocxlis xelyofa marTlzomieria. aqedan gamomdinare,
saxelmwifos valdebuleba daicvas sicocxlis ufleba moicavs sam
ZiriTad aspeqts:
 valdebuleba Tavi Seikavos mis moxeleTa xeliT
sicocxlis xelyofisgan (negatiuri valdebuleba);
 valdebuleba miiRos zomebi sicocxlis
dasacavad, kerZod, sicocxlis mospobis Tavidan
asacileblad (aseve sxva pozitiuri valdebulebebi,
romlebic gulisxmobs gonivruli zomebis miRebas); da
 valdebuleba gamoiZios saeWvo viTarebaSi
sicocxlis mospobis faqtebi (me-2 muxlis e.w.
,,procesualuri aspeqti“, pozitiuri valdebulebis
kidev erTi magaliTi).
1999 wlidan 2005 wlis bolomde, sicocxlis uflebis
materialuri aspeqtis darRveva dadginda 53 gadawyvetilebiT,
xolo 87 gadawyvetilebaSi miTiTebul iqna, rom mopasuxe
saxelmwifoebma daarRvies sicocxlis mospobis faqtze efeqturi
gamoZiebis warmoebis valdebuleba. TumcaRa es gadawyvetilebebi
mxolod TiTze CamosaTvlel saxelmwifoebs exeboda: kerZod,
bulgareTs (am periodSi 9 gadawyvetileba), gaerTianebul samefos
(8) da ruseTs (7), Tumca saxelmwifo, romlis mimarTac yvelaze
meti darRvevaa dadgenili, aris TurqeTi (140 darRvevidan 109).565
strasburgis adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso
sasamarTloSi ganxilul iqna saqme _ qalbatoni friTi (Pretty v
United Kingdom) gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg (ganacxadi
#2346/02, strasburgi, 2002 wlis 29 aprili).566 momCivani iyo 43 wlis
qalbatoni, romelsac sWirda samoZrao neironebis daavadeba, rac
ganukurnebeli iyo da iwvevda xel-fexis ukiduresad daZabunebas,
sasunTqi kunTebis sistemis moSlas da saboloo jamSi _ sikvdils.
misi avadmyofoba sul ufro progresirdeboda, organizmi
mTlianad paralizebuli gaxda, magram igi sruliad inarCunebda
gonebis sicxadesa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis unars. vinaidan

565
ix. sicocxlis ufleba adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis Tanaxmad (me-2
muxli), saxelmZRvanelo iuristebisTvis, Tb., 2009, 10-11.
566
ix. sicocxlis ufleba, saqarTvelos iuristTa asociacia, V - sicocxlis
ufleba da evTanazia, friTi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, Tb., 2008, 146.
164
avadmyofobis bolo etapebi dakavSirebuli iyo tanjvasTan da
avadmyofis damamcirebel mdgomareobaSi yofnasTan, momCivanma
gamoTqva survili, TviTonve gadaewyvita, Tu ra gziT
aResruleboda da TviTonve daeTqva sicocxlesTan ganSorebis
dro. vinaidan TviTmkvlelobis ganxorcieleba damoukideblad ar
SeeZlo, meuRlis daxmarebiT gadawyvita ganexorcielebina
TviTmkvleloba. man TxovniT mimarTa uflebamosil saxelmwifo
organos, konkretulad ki sajaro devnis samsaxuris ufross, aeRo
valdebuleba, ar aReZra devna momCivnis meuRlis mimarT, Tu igi
daexmareboda TviTmkvlelobis ganxorcielebaSi. Txovna ar
dakmayofilda. qalbatonma uari strasburgis adamianis uflebaTa
evropul sasamarTloSi gaasaCivra, momCivnis azriT, saxelmwifom
daarRvia misi sicocxlis ufleba. manve daayena adamianis
uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-3, me-8, me-9, me-14 muxlebiT
gaTvaliswinebuli uflebebis darRvevis sakiTxi.567
,,evropulma sasamarTlom ase dasva sakiTxi _ SeiZleboda Tu
ara, sicocxlis ufleba ganmartebuliyo imgvarad, rom masSi
nagulismebi yofiliyo sicocxleze uaris Tqmis uflebac”. 568
gakeTda daskvna, rom sicocxlis ufleba ar SeiZleba
interpretirebuli iyos rogorc sikvdilis uflebac, radgan
,,sicocxlis uflebisgan“ diametrulad gansxvavdeba ,,sikvdilis
ufleba“, amitom sasamarTlom daasabuTa, rom sicocxlis ufleba
ar niSnavs piris sikvdilis uflebas, amitomac qalbatonis mimarT
ar darRveula kanoni.569
miuxedavad araerTi sadavo saqmisa, TviT strasburgis
sasamarTlosac ar aqvs Camoyalibebuli sakiTxisadmi erTiani
midgoma da yvela konkretul SemTxvevas, individualurad
asabuTebs. aqedan gamomdinare, igi ver SeZlebda ekarnaxa
sxvadasxva samarTlebrivi sistemisa da tradiciebis mqone
qveynebisTvis sakiTxis daregulirebis erTiani sistema. sakiTxi
sasamarTlom Riad datova da pozicia Semdegnairad daafiqsira _
,,yvela saxelmwifom Tavisi Sexedulebidan gamomdinare,
kanonmdeblobaSi unda Cados, aqvs Tu ara ufleba moqalaqes,
sicocxle xelovnuri gziT Seimoklos”.570 aSkaraa, rom evTanaziis
samarTlebrivi sakiTxi mxolod calkeuli saxelmwifoebis
problemas ar warmoadgens. TviT strasburgis sasamarTlosac arა
aqvs Camoyalibebuli myari samarTlebrivi pozicia, romelic
evTanaziis sadavo sakiTxebs erTmniSnvelovani pasuxis gacemis
SesaZleblobas miscemda.
aRniSnuli saxelmwifoebs udides pasuxismgeblobas akisrebs
sakuTari moqalaqeebis mimarT, amitomac ar aris gasakviri,
567
568iqve 54.
569ix. iqve, 54-55.
570
165
evTanaziis dros, SecdomiT mospobili Tundac erTi sicocxle
sakmarisi gaxdes, raTa kanonmdebelma uari ganacxados evTanaziaze.
amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi evTanaziis momxreebs saTaveSi
edga eqimi jek gevorqiani, romelsac mogvianebiT ,,sikvdilis eqimi“
uwodes. man evTanazia daaxloebiT 100 adamians Cautara. igi
moiTxovda daSvebul yofiliyo evTanazia, rodesac eqimi avadmyofs
verafriT daexmareba, sicocxlis gagrZelebad ki ar Rirs tanjva.
gevorqians bevri ukanasknel imedad da erTaderT mxsnelad
miiCnevda, Tumca mogvianebiT misi idea uaryofil iqna, mas
CamoerTva licenzia, igi gaasamarTles da daumtkices, rom mis mier
gakeTebuli evTanaziis msxverplTagan 75% ar iyo sasikvdilod
avad, xolo 5% saerTod araferi sWirda.571 miuxedavad amisa, didi
xnis ganmavllobaSi amerikuli kanonmdebloba uZluri iyo mis
winaaRmdeg, risi dasturic aris is faqti, rom eqimma ori wlis
ganmavlobaSi sami sasamarTlo procesi moigo.
eqimi, romelic RmerTs Seejibra da bevri moqalaqisTvis
RmerTic iyo, aRmoCnda, rom Cveulebrivi mkvlelia, romelic ise
gaitaca axalma ampluam, rom pacientebis 80 procenti ise
gamoasalma sicocxles, rom safuZvliani gamokvlevac ar
Cautarebia, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi gaarkvevda, rom maTi daavadeba
sasikvdilo ar iyo, xolo maTgan 5 procents, romelsac gamoZiebis
dasvniT, sasikvdilo araferi sWirda, SesaZloa mxolod depresia
sWirda (rac fizikur tanjvas gamoricxavs), ramac maT sicocxlis
gagrZelebis survili daakargvina, xolo ,,sikvdilis ostatma“ maT
imqveynad wasvlis neba martivad Seusrula.
ruseTSic hqonda adgili evTanaziis sakmaod cnobil faqts,
rodesac eqimma 12 piris mimarT ganaxorciela evTanazia,
romelTaganac 2 qals sasikvdilo araferi sWirda.572
aqedan keTdeba daskvna, rom evTanaziis Camdeni eqimebi
imdenad Sevidnen eSxSi, rom veRar mozomes TavianTi qmedeba da
Cveulebriv mkvlelebad gadaiqcnen, rasac gamousworebeli
Sedegebi mohyva.
aRniSnulis naTeli magaliTia ruseTSi momxdari SemTxveva,
sadac Jurnalistma konfidencialurobis dacvis garantiiT,
interviu Cawera 23 wlis momaval eqimTan, romelic erT-erT
saavadmyofoSi Ramis cvlaSi muSaobda. interviuSi detalurad
aris aRwerili, Tu ratom da rogor ganaxorciela man evTanazia
ori pacientis mimarT.
pirveli SemTxvevis msxverpli gaxda pacienti, romelic ukve
4 Tve ugonod iwva. mis mdgomareobas axalgazrda Semdegnairad
aRwers _ pacienti mudam gaunZrevlad iwva, kuWs sakvebs
kaTeteriT awvdidnen, ZiriTadad kvebavdnen bavSvis piureTi,
herkulesis an xilis kompotiT danamuli qaTmis katleliT. dReSi
erTxel mas oynas ukeTebdnen, ris Semdeg, misi sundo sanitar qals
sirbiliT mihqonda sapirfareSisken, Tan Tavs gverdze abrunebda
da Rebinebis SegrZnebas ebrZoda. pacients sunTqvac ar SeeZlo, mis
571
ix. www. euthanasia.com/ euthanasia essues in Netherlands, Belgium, Canada, Great
Britain,U.S,Columbi, Israel. html, 20.03.2011.
572
ix. www. euthanasia.com/suicide mercy-killing right-to-die physician assisted.html, 20.03.2011.
166
nacvlad, mili sunTqavda, romelic mis filtvebTan iyo
mierTebuli. baliSis qveS mas wmida (wm.) panteleimonis xati hqonda
amodebuli. misi gadarCenis aranairi imedi aRar iyo da yovel dRe
pacientic da med-personalic mis tanjvas uyurebda da masTan
erTad itanjeboda, misi usicocxlo sxeulis momsaxurebiT.573
avadmyofisTvis morfinis letaluri dozis gakeTeba
axalgazrdas mkurnalma eqimma daavala, romelmac CaTvala, rom 23
wlis momaval eqims, mourCeneli avadmyofis imqveynad gastumreba
unda SesZleboda da amas nel-nela unda Sehgueboda, Tumca arc
axalgazrda iyo am davalebis Sesrulebis winaaRmdegi. uyurebda
ra avadmyofis ususurobas, mis yoveldRiur, dausrulebel
tanjvas, avadmyofis movla-patronobiTa da momsaxurebiT
Sewuxebul eqimebsa da eqTnebs, Tvlida, rom avadmyofi ukve aRar
iyo pirovneba, is ubralod adamianis ,,narCeni“ iyo, romelic ukve
yvelas aRizianebda da romlis movlac yvelas Zalian mobezrda.
swored amitom SuaRamisas axalgardam ukve gamocdili eqimis
miTiTeba zusTad Seasrula da sul ramodenime wuTSi pacientis
sikvdili dafiqsirda.574
23 wlis momavali eqimi sruliadac ar Tvlida, rom man rame
daaSava, arc kiTxvebs usvamda sakuTar Tavs da arc cud xasiaTze
iyo. erTaderTi, rac mas xandaxan axsendeboda iyo is, Tu rogor
Sehyavda mas morfinis gadaWarbebuli doza avadmyofis venaSi.
axalgazrdas moewona is manamde gamoucdeli SegrZneba, rac man
morfinis Warbi dozis Seyvanis dros ganicada, swored amitom igi
mudam mzad iyo, gaemeorebina evTanazia.575
erTi weli gavida da msgavsi SemTxveva ar ganmeorebula,
Tumca Zalian male man msxverpli Tavad aarCia da am arCevanSi arc
pacientis mkurnali eqimi da arc sxva piri Careula. erT Rames mas
qirurgiul ganyofilebaSi mouwia morigeoba, sadac moTavsebuli
iyo avadmyofi, romlis mdgomareobac ukiduresac mZimed iyo
Sefasebuli, rac misi mravalTviani ugono mdgomareobiT iyo
ganpirobebuli. momavalma eqimma gadawyvita, mZime pacients
,,daxmareboda“. am mizniT man ganizraxa, pacientis venaSi Seeyvana
insulinis uzarmazari doza, romelic gardauvlad sikvdils
iwvevs. insulini sxeulSi Cqara moZraobs, Sedegic Cqara dgeba da
sikvdilidan 40 saaTis Semdeg, gardacvlilis sisxlSi misi kvalis
aRmoCena SeuZlebelia.576
23 wlis momaval eqims 15 wuTze cota naklebi dasWirda
sasikvdilo ineqciis mosamzadeblad da gasakeTeblad _ aqedan 5
wuTi Spricis aRebisTvis, Spricis insuliniT SevsebisTvis da mis
kaTeterSi SerWobisTvis, cxranaxevari wami mofiqrebisTvis da 10
wami Spricis SigTavsis venaSi SeyvanisTvis.577
sul raRac 15 wuTSi erTma adamianma meore adamianis
sikvdil-sicocxlis sakiTxi gadawyvita da Cadenils evTanazia
573
ix. www.dxm.h1.ru/psycho/eftanasia.shtml, последний диагноз, 09.06.2011.
574
ix. iqve.
575
ix. iqve.
576
ix. iqve.
577
ix. iqve.
167
uwoda, Tumca saxeze arc pacientis autaneli fizikuri tanjva iyo,
arc misi gauTavebeli vedreba, moespoT gawamebuli sicocxle da
arc sibraluli da TanagrZnoba eqimis mxridan. piriqiT, saxezea
daufaravi zizRi da siZulvili sneulisadmi. momxdari ufro
cxoveluri aqtia, sadac Zlieri anadgurebs sustsa da usargeblos.
miuxedavad imisa, rom aRniSnuli faqti gamJRavnda, ar
damdgara axalgazrdis sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis
sakiTxi. arc aravis mouTxovnia misTvis sajarod an
samarTaldamcavi organoebisTvis axsna-ganmartebis micema, raTa
danaSaulebrivi qmedeba aRkveTiliyo. faqtia, rom ruseTSic ar
arsebobs gamarTuli samarTlebrivi sistema, romelic evTanaziis
SemTxvevebs aRkveTs.
eqimis profesia mowodebulia, yvelgan da yovelTvis ecados,
gadaarCinos sicocxle, Tumca am mowodebas ver emsaxureba eqimi,
romelic Tundac erTxel gaxdeba adamianis mokvdinebis
Tanamonawile.
is, rasac 23 wlis axalgazrda eqimma evTanazia uwoda,
sinamdvileSi mkvlelobaa, msxverplis umweo mdgomaorebis
gamoyenebiT. ibadeba kiTxva _ rogor unda umkurnalos am 23 wlis
axalgazrdam momavalSi pacientebs, roca is ukve mowamlulia
sicocxleze ZalauflebiT? is xom potenciuri mkvlelia, romelic
Tvlis, rom ufleba aqvs, sxvisi ,,usargeblo“ sicocxle
daasrulos.
sayuradReboa, rom eqimma sikvdilis dasadgomad
mizanmimarTulad insulini gamoiyena da ara sxva alternatiuli
saSualeba, vinaidan kargad icoda, rom sikvdilidan 40 saaTis
Semdeg, gardacvlilis sisxlSi am preparatis kvals veravin
aRmoaCenda. e.i. man Tavi daizRvia, vinaidan kargad acnobierebda,
rom danaSauls sCadioda. gamodis, rom eqimma zustad icoda, rasac
akeTebda, surs amis gakeTeba, Tumca sityva ,,mkvleloba“ ar
moswonda da Cadenils ,,evTanazia“-s uwodebda. kanonmdeblobis
xarvezad SeiZleba CaiTvalos, roca evTanaziis zogierTi SemTxveva
dausjeli rCeba da saxelmwifoc problemisTvis gverdis avlas
cdilobs. erTxel da samudamod unda Camoyalibdes midgoma, aris
Tu ara aqtiuri evTanazia danaSauli da mis aRsakveTad Sesabamisi
samarTlebrivi berketi unda amoqmeddes.
zogi eqimi TviT evTanaziis faqts tragikulad ar aRiqvams,
mxolod misi gaxmaurebis Sedegebia miuRebeli da mtkivneuli. am
mxriv, sainteresoa gamocdili amerikeli klinicistis, 81 wlis jon
krais magaliTi. roca eqimi krai darwmunda, rom ver uSvelida
ganukurnebeli seniT Sepyrobil Tavis pacientsa da Zvel megobars,
frederik vagners, samuSao dRis damTavrebis Semdeg man medicinis
das sammagi doza insulini dautova. Aam preparatis miRebis Semdeg,
avadmyofma samudamod ,,daisvena“. roca faqti gaxmaurda,
naxevarsaukunovani umwkivlo samedicino praqtikis mqone eqimi jon
krai daapatimres winaswarganzraxuli mkvlelobis braldebiT.
erTi kviris Semdeg igi TavdebiT gaaTavisufles sapatimrodan. ori
168
kviris Semdeg eqimma kraim, raTa Tavidan aecilebina sasamarTlo
procesi da Sercxvena, TviTmkvlelobiT daasrula sicocxle.578
evTanaziis momxreebi miiCneven, rom evTanazia daSvebuli unda
iyos, radgan am SemTxvevaSi gamovdivarT pacientis interesebidan.
maTi azriT, umowyaloba da araadamianoba aris ara is, rom
davexmaroT momakvdavs, rom mokvdes, aramed is, rom ubralod
vuyuroT, Tu rogor itanjeba avadmyofi da araferi gavakeToT
imisTvis, rom rogorme SevumsubuqoT mas ukanaskneli tanjva.
vilniusis prokuraturaSi aRZruli iyo erT-erTi saqme,
romelSic saubari iyo dedis (profesiiT eqimis) mier 19 wlis
Svilis (biWis) evTanaziaze, romelsac saxis Termuli damwvrobis
Semdeg gaukeTda sasunTqi gzebisa da orive xelis amputacia. saxis
Zvlebi saerTod ver ifareboda. BbiWi mTlianad dabrmavda,
ganicdida autanel tanjvas. igi gamudmebiT sTxovda dedas
moeswrafebina misTvis sicocxle. ramdenime wlis Semdeg, dedam mas
gaukeTa ineqciis sasikvdilo doza. mogvianebiT dedam TviTonac
scada Tavis mokvla, magram gadarCa. saqme aRZruli iyo winaswar
ganzrax mkvlelobis muxliT, magram maleve Sewyda braldebulis
fsiqikuri mdgomareobis gamo.579
evTanazias miiCneven rogorc sikeTis aqts ganxorcielebuls
ganukurnebeli seniT daavadebuli adamianis mimarT, romelsac
tanjviT sikvdili uweria. Tumca evTanazia arasodes unda gaxdes
danaSaulis dafarvis saSualeba, risi magaliTic aris 1998 wels
qalaq belaia kalitvaSi momxdari evTanaziis aqti. saqme exeboda
Svilis mier paralizebuli dedis mkvlelobas. Tavdapirvelad man
Tanxmoba miiRo momakvdavi dedisgan, Semdeg dedam gadaifiqra,
magram Svilma mtkiced gadawyvita avadmyofi dedis Tavidan
moSoreba, igi Seecada mis daxrCobas xeliT, magram roca amiT
verafers gaxda, daniT ramdenjerme miayena Wriloba gulSi, ris
Sedegadac avadmyofi gardaicvala. gansasjelma sasamarTloze
ganacxada, rom gamoiyena evTanazia.580
sasamarTlom Svilis qmedeba daakvalificira mkvlelobiT,
radgan misi qmedeba aSkarad ukiduresad arahumanuri iyo da masSi
Cans ,,usargeblo arsebis“ Tavidan moSorebis cxoveluri survili.
aq sibraluls da TanagrZnobaze zadmetia saubari.
mimaCnia, rom evTanaziis gziT adamianis mokvdineba Tavisi
azriT an mkvlelobaa, evTanaziis aRmasrulebel pirTa mier
Cadenili, an TviTmkvleloba pacientisa, romelic iTxovs amgvari
sicocxlis finals, an am variantTa Serwyma.
rac Seexeba ganzraxvas, gavaTavisufloT tkivilebisa da
tanjvisagan avadmyofi adamiani, an momavali cxovrebiseuli
gansacdelebisagan _ mucladmyofi an ukve dabadebuli bavSvi, _
igi yovelTvis rodia gulwrfeli.
ZiriTadi argumenti, rom es avadmyofis survilia _
sakmarisze metad ususuria, vinaidan dauZlurebuli, avadmyofi
adamianis Zaxili, misi yvirili, roca igi Svelas iTxovs, roca igi
578
579
ix. iqve, 65.
580
ix. iqve, 65.
169
iTxovs bolo moeRos mis tanjvas, roca igi sikvdils iTxovs, es
evTanaziis moTxovna rodia. es aris Sexseneba imisa, rom isini
saWiroeben met siyvaruls, ukeTes mkurnalobas, zrunvas,
TanagrZnobas, Tanalmobas, Tanagancdas, rasac isini xSirad
yvelaze axlobeli adamianebisaganac ki ver Rebuloben. amitomac
maT, visac ase gamaxvilebuli aqvs sulieri gancdebi da grZnobebi
ukiduresi xorcieli tanjvis dros, midian azramde, rom isini
sxvebisaTvis zedmet tvirTs warmoadgenen, rom Svelas versaidan
Rebuloben da xSirad amgvar azrs niRbaven e.w. Rirseuli
sikvdilis moTxovnis uflebiT, sinamdvileSi ki es
sasowarkveTilebis gamoxatulebaa.581
zemoT xsenebulis dasturia is faqti, rom rodesac
evTanaziis legalizaciis moTxovnaTa pirveli talRa agorda,
pirvelTa Soris, vinc protesti gamoTqva, iyvnen invalidebi,
sawols mijaWvulni, moxucebulTa TavSesafrebis mkvidrni, mZime
avadmyofni, romelTac maSinve gaicnobieres is saSiSroeba, rac
yvela maT dReSi myofs moelis evTanaziis legalizaciis
SemTxvevaSi _ sakanonmdeblo safuZveli zedmeti adamianebisagan
gasaTavisufleblad.582
yovel adamians aqvs sicocxlis Tandayolili ufleba. es
ufleba kanoniTaa daculi, igi ar SeiZleba Seilaxos maSinac ki,
rodesac safrTxe Tundac mTels saxelmwifos emuqreba, mag:
saomari moqmedebebis dros. veravin daadanaSaulebs pirs sakuTari
sicocxlis gadarCenaSi, Tundac saTanado viTarebaSi sakuTari
sicocxlis gadasarCenad ganxorcielebulma misma qmedebam sxva
adamianis sicocxle imsxverplos.
sicocxlis ufleba sicocxlis valdebulebas ar
gulisxmobs, swored amitom yvelas aqvs ufleba, ise moeqces
sakuTar sicocxles, rogorc surs, Tumca samarTlebrivad ar
SeiZleba sicocxlis gankargvis uflebis ganxorcieleba sxva piris
samarTlebriv valdebulebad vaqcioT, an sxva adamians imis
ufleba mivceT, rom zemoqmedeba moaxdinos sxvis sicocxleze.
,,evTanaziis sakiTxis ganxilva ar iqneba sruli, Tu ar
SevexebiT ganviTarebis seriozuli defeqtebis mqone axalSobilTa
evTanaziis problemas, rasac biosamedicino literaturaSi
saTanado yuradReba eqceva. axalSobilTa Tu mozardTa evTanaziis
sakiTxze gansxvavebul Sexedulebebs vxvdebiT. bevri avtori
axalSobilTa sicocxlis xelyofas didi xnis win damkvidrebuli
praqtikis _ pasiuri, iZulebiTi evTanaziis gamovlenad miiCnevs“.583
,,evTanaziis momxreTa nawili axalSobilTa pasiur evTanazias
moralurad gamarTlebulad Tvlian mxolod da mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi, rodesac aSkaraa, rom bavSvis Semdgom cxovrebas
araviTari azri ara aqvs. imave azrs sxvani Taviseburad
gadmoscemen. kerZod, isini miuTiTeben, rom bavSvi ar aris
pirovneba (am sityvis viwro gagebiT), amitom axalSobilis
581
Tb., 2009, 16.
582
ix. iqve, 16.
583iqve, 34.
170
evTanazia eTikurad dasaSvebia, Tu ar arsebobs araviTari imedi
imisa, rom ganviTarebis procesSi is pirovnebad iqceva“.584
,,am sakiTxze sxva Tvalsazrisic arsebobs, romelic eklesiis
mesveurebma gaaxmovanes, romlis mixedviT, bavSvs, romelsac
dabadebidanve Tandayolili seriozuli defeqtebi aRmoaCndeba,
iseve unda movepyraT, rogorc sxva ,,Cveulebriv” bavSvebs, vinaidan
axalSobili warmoadgens pirovnebas, romelsac sicocxlis ufleba
aqvs. am TvalsazrisiT, axalSobilTa evTanazia yovelTvis
amoraluria, xolo ojaxis, samedicino personalisa da
sazogadoebis interesebis gaTvaliswinebis aucileblobaze
miTiTeba aradamajereblad JRers“.585
evTanazia organulad ukavSirdeba Tanamedrove medicinis sxva
problemebsac. aq am kavSiris mxolod erT mxareze mivuTiTebT. mas
Semdeg, rac evTanazia dakanondeba, gaCndeba axali, Tanac metad
mwvave problema _ momakvdavi adamianis sxeulis jansaRi nawilebis
gadanergvis sakiTxi meore adamianisaTvis. imis analogiurad,
rodesac sruliad janmrTeli adamianis winaswari ganzraxviT
saTanado iuridiuli xelSekrulebis safuZvelze Tanxmobas
acxadebs sakuTari ConCxis gayidvaze, SeiZleba aqtiuri evTanaziis
momxre adamianmac ganacxados survili Tavisi sxeulis nawilebis
gayidvaze. rac, cxadia, axal eTikur da samarTlebriv problemebs
warmoSobs.586
SesaZloa medikosTa da sazogadoebis garkveuli kategoria
miiCnevdes, rom sjobs uimedi da tkiviliT gawamebul adamians
mivaniWoT e.w. ,,advili sikvdili“ da misi janmrTeli organoebi
gamoyenebul iqnas im adamianisTvis, romelsac sicocxle swyuria,
rac, erTi mxriv, ganukurneli seniT daavadebul da tkivilebisgan
datanjul adamians gaaTavisuflebs am autaneli tanjvisgan da
meore mxriv, srulfasovani da janmrTeli cxovrebis Sanss miscems
meores, Tumca msgavsi pozicia metad ususuria da samarTlebrivad
Znelad dasasabuTebeli, rodesac saubaria yvelaze uzenaesze _
sicocxleze. rac ar unda humanur miznebs emsaxurebodes organoTa
transplantacia, yovlad dauSvebelia sazogadoebam da
saxelmwifom dasaSvebad miiCnos aqtiuri evTanazia im motiviT, rom
amiT meore adamians uzrunvelyofs saWiro organoTi. sicocxle
unacvalgebo samarTlebrivi sikeTea da yvela sakiTxi, romelic
mis xelyofas ukavSirdeba maRali pasuxismgeblobiTa da
sifrTxiliT unda gadawydes rogorc saxelmwifos, ise
sazogadoebis mier. erTi adamianis normaluri cxovrebisTvis
organos gaReba veranairad ver gaamarTlebs meore adamianis
mokvdinebas, Tundac sikvdili am ukanasknelis azriT erTaderTi
Sveba iyos. amasTan, SeuZlebelia vamtkicoT, rom Secdomas an
angarebas an kidev sxva qvenagrZnobas adgili ar eqneba.
pasiuri evTanaziis dros, organoTa transplantaciis sakiTxi
araaqtualuria, vinaidan mocemul SemTxvevaSi sikvdili bunebriv
584mamulaSvili b.,Fstatia, fsiqosocialuri toqsinebi da suicidi, bioeTika, Tb.,

2009, 34.
585iqve, 35.
586
ix. iqve, 28-29.
171
procesSi samedicino personalisa da medikamentebis Caurevlad
dgeba, Sesabamisad, organoTa transplantacia pacientis
gardacvalebamde ar moxdeba. Tumca aqac gamoricxuli araa eqimma
borotad gamoiyenos pacientis ufleba pasiur evTanaziaze, kerZod,
waaxalisos igi am uflebis gamosayeneblad, raTa moaxdinos misi
romelime organos transplantacia. aseTi qmedeba Zneli
gamosavlenia misi kargad SeniRbulobis gamo.
aqtiuri evTanaziis legalizebis SemTxvevaSi, misi
ganxorcielebis dros, organoTa transplantaciis nebis darTva,
TiTqmis adamianis ganzrax mkvlelobis an aqtiuri evTanaziis
waqezebis tolfasia. TiTqmis SeuZlebelia imis srulyofili
kontroli, rom aqtiuri evTanaziis mosurne pacienti, romelic
organoTa transplantaciaze Tanxmobas acxadebs, aRniSnul
gadawyvetilebas Zaldatanebis gareSe iRebs an motyuebiT ar
awerineben xels msgavsi qmedebis ganxorcielebisTvis saWiro
dokumentze da adgili ar aqvs sxva piris mxridan
ganxorcielebul danaSaulebriv qmedebas, rac Sorsaa humanuri
miznebisgan da metwilad gamorCenis mizniT SeiZleba
ganxorcieldes.
sibraluli tanjuli avadmyofis mimarT da siyvaruli
gadasanergi organos momlodine pacientis mimarT _ ai, ra
SeiZleba gaxdes evTanaziis ara marto xSirad gamoyenebiს, aramed
misi biznesad qcevis mizezi.
swored aseTi ,,sibralulisa“ da ,,siyvarulis“
identifikaciaa SeuZlebeli. swored esaa saSiSi prognozulad,
radgan roca amgvar logikas mivyvebiT, maSin marTldeba abortebiც
imis gamo, rom dRes CvenSi xelsayreli ekonomikuri pirobebi ar
aris, an kidev mravali sxva mizeziT, marTldeba Tandayolili
mankebiT, simaxinjeebiTa da mZime daavadebebiT dabadebul
axalSobilTa evTanaziac.
amgvarma logikam miiyvana medicina pernataluri diagnostikis
imgvar metamorfozamde, rodesac igi aRiqmeba rogorc sasikvdilo
ganaCeni jer kidev ardabadebuli sicocxlis mimarT. am
ukanasknels Cven savsebiT samarTlianad vuwodebT pernatalur anu
dabadebamdel evTanazias.
sruliad calke dgas sakiTxi sinjarebSi ebrionis
mokvdinebisa preimplantaciuri diagnostikis Sedegad aRmoCenili
daavadebis mizeziT. evTanaziis amgvar saxesxvaobaze albaT
reproduqciuli teqnologiebis ideebis avtorebic ki ar
fiqrobdnen.587
yvela am viTarebaSi, aqtiuri evTanaziis legalizebiT,
sakuTar Tavze viRebT adamianis sikvdil-sicocxlis sakiTxs,
riTac vcildebiT im zRvars, rac adamianisTvisac da
medicinisTvisac aris dawesebuli.
587ix. mamulaSvili b.,Fstatia, fsiqosocialuri toqsinebi da suicidi, bioeTika,

Tb., 2009, 32.
172
Tavi 6. fetusis sicocxlis ufleba; fetusi, rogorc samarTlis
subieqti
6.1. fetusis cneba, arsi, mniSvneloba
,,evTanaziisa da fetusis sicocxlis uflebebi mWidrod emijneba

samarTlebriv, socialur, eTikur, religiur, samedicino da
filosofiur sakiTxebs da amdenad, kompleqsur gaazrebas
moiTxovs. am uflebaTa ganxorcieleba, rogorc wesi,
dakavSirebulia RirebulebaTa mwvave konfliqtebTan da Zalze
delikatur sakiTxebTan. yovelive es ganapirobebs im garemoebas,
rom maT Sesaxeb sruliad gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebi arsebobs
msoflioSi da arc saerToevropuli konsensusi moiZebna
jerjerobiT. Zalian didia samarTlebrivi gaurkvevlobis xarisxi
da misgan gamomdinare sxvadasxvagvari sirTuleebi Tu
Seusabamobani“. 588
,,sicocxlis ZiriTad uflebas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba
eniWeba orsulobis Sewyvetis samarTlebrivi mowesrigebis
sakiTxSi. saerTod, msoflios bevr qveyanaSi abortTan
dakavSirebuli problemebi xSirad qceula mwvave sajaro
diskusiisa da polemikis sagnad, radgan isini moicaven rogorc
moralur, politikur, religiur da janmrTelobasTan
dakavSirebul, ise konstituciur-samarTlebriv sakiTxebs“.589
sakiTxi problemuria imdenad, ramdenadac aq nayofis sicocxlis
ZiriTadi ufleba upirispirdeba qalis uflebas, SezRudvebis
gareSe gadawyvitos orsulobis sakiTxi orsulobis nebismier
stadiaze, aseve Tavad miiRos gadawyvetileba sakuTari
janmrTelobis Sesaxeb.
21-e saukuneSi kvlav davis sagania, romeli ufro
mniSvnelovania, ukve zrdasruli, sazogadoebis aqtiuri wevris _
qalis abortis ufleba, Tu embrionis/fetusis sicocxlis ufleba?!
arc samedicino da arc samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT, pasuxi ar
aris gacemuli kiTxvaze _ aris Tu ara embrioni adamiani; unda
iyos Tu ara misi uflebebi iseve daculi kanonis mier, rogorc
ukve dabadebuli adamianis?! Tumca yvela Tanxmdeba imaze, rom
,,imis miuxedavad, Tu ra statusi aqvs mas, ueWvelia, rom igi
588
589
(red.), Tb., 2006, 196.
173
imsaxurebs samarTlebriv dacvas“.590
aris Tu ara embrioni/fetusi uflebebis matarebeli an
ekuTvnis Tu ara mas specialuri dacva, am bolo wlebSi erT-erT
yvelaze aqtualur sakiTxs warmoadgens.
,,sazogadoeba nakleb mzrunvelobas iCens udidesi madlis _
sicocxlis mimarT. materializmi da egoizmi marTavs adamianis
cxovrebas, is mowyurebulia batonobas RmerTis gareSe: ,,cxovreba
Cemia da me vwyvet, rogor unda vicxovro“, anu ar unda gaCndes
adamiani, romelic me xels miSlis. erebi berdebian imitom rom
iwyoben Tavis saqmes arSobili Svilebis sicocxlis fasad.
abortebis problema Cveni dakvirvebiT nawilobriv dakavSirebulia
imasTan, rom dedebisa da eqimebis umravlesoba ar scnobs bavSvs
dedis muclad yofnisas srulfasovan adamianad, romelsac
SeuZlia igrZnos abortiT miyenebuli tkivili“.591
mecnierebisa da teqnologiebis warmoudgeneli progresi
dRes mkurnalobis procesSi efeqturad Carevis da adamianis
sicocxlis SenarCunebis saSualebas iZleva.
,,amave dros axali aTaswleulis gariJraJze garkveuli
ideebi, romlebic Tavis droze uaryofili iyo rogorc mcdari,
dRes sazogadoebis mier miRebulia, mxardaWeras iRebs aseve
mecnierebisa da inteleqtualebis mxridan, riTac xelmZRvaneloben
politikosebi im usamarTlobis gamarTlebisTvis, rac mosdevs
prოcess abortidan evTanaziamde”.592
,,fetusis/embrionis statusSi moiazreba misi daxasiaTeba,
romelic gansazRvravs embrionis pozicias:
 fetusis yofierebasTan _ ontologiuri statusi;
 movaleoba-pasuxismgeblobasTan _ eTikuri statusi;
 kanonTan mimarTebaSi _ iuridiuli statusi”.593
,,embrionis ontologiuri statusis Sesaxeb sakiTxis dasma
niSnavs, daisvas kiTxva ,,vis an ras warmoadgens embrioni” Tavis
yofierebasTan dakavSirebiT _ is nivTia, cxovelia, pirovnebaa Tu
kidev raRac sxva. embrionis eTikuri statusi aris pasuxi kiTxvaze,
,,Tu ra pasuxismgebloba gaqvs Cven embrionis mimarT? dasasruls,
iuridiuli statusi pasuxobs kiTxvaze ,,rogor unda
aregulirebdes sazogadoeba Tavis moqalaqeobriv damokidebulebas
embrionis mimarT?”594
es sami aspeqti urTierTkavSirSia, radganac pasuxi pirvel
kiTxvaze gavlenas axdens meore kiTxvis pasuxze: Cveni
damokidebuleba embrionis mimarT pirvel rigSi damokidebulia
imaze, Tu rogor gvesmis Cven embrionis buneba, aris Tu ara masSi
590
591
nebieriZe n., statia, embrionis statusi – vin aris embrioni?, bioeTika, gamomc.
592iqve, 38.
593iqve, 38.
594
iqve, 38.
174
sicocxlis adamianuri forma. pasuxi mesame kiTxvaze
damokidebulia meore kiTxvis pasuxze, ramdenadac embrionis
iuridiuli statusi miuTiTebs masTan dakavSirebul sakiTxze _
mieniWa mas uflebebi Tu ara da es gadaaqcevs eTikur statuss
socialurad savaldebulo normativad socialur doneze.595
fetusi Casaxvis momentidan SezRuduli uflebebis
matarebeli potenciuri adamiania, romelic jer ar gamxdara
srulyofili adamiani da pirovneba. sazogadoebas fetusis mimarT
erTi konkretuli pasuxismgebloba gaaCnia _ igi miiRos zustad
iseTi, rogoric aris, ar uaryos misi adamianuri sawyisi, masTan
dakavSirebiT iyos Semwynarebeli da gaiazros, rom fetusi aramc
da aramc ar aris dedis sxeulis uuflebo, ufunqcio nawili,
romelic damoukidebeli arseba mxolod dabadebis Semdeg xdeba.
sazogadoebis cnobierebaSi unda gaCndes ukve Casaxuli axali
sicocxlisadmi zrunva da SeZlebisdagvari pativiscema
adamianurobis sawyisisadmi. rac Seexeba fetusisadmi samarTlis
damokidebulebas, is ufro progresuli unda gaxdes, vinaidan 21-e
saukuneSi didi xania damtkicebulia, rom fetusi marTlac rom
sulieri arsebaa, damoukidebeli sicocxlea, romelic
ganviTarebis garkveul etapze sazogadoebis srulfasovani wevri
xdeba, es etapi ki aucileblad orsulobis sruli vadis (cxra Tve)
gasvlis Semdeg ar dgeba, zogjer ki gacilebiT adre (eqvsi, Svidi,
rva Tve), zogjer ki warmoudgenlad adre (xuTi Tve) dgeba. swored
amitom sazogadoebam da saxelmwifom tolerantuli
damokidebuleba unda Camoayalibon im sicocxlis mimarT, romelic
zogjer daujereblad mcire asakisac ki sicocxlisunariania da
unda vaRiaroT, rom fetuss aqvs dabadebis ufleba.
sagulisxmoa, rom ,,fetusis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli
samarTlebrivi definicia ar arsebobs. umravlesi evropuli qveyana
aseT definicias saerTod ar icnobs (belgia, dania, fineTi,
safrangeTi, saberZneTi, italia, luqsemburgi, holandia, SvedeTi),
zogierT qveyanaSi arsebobs fetusis definicia (avstria, germania,
espaneTi, gaerTianebuli samefo), magram es definiciebi
gansxvavebulia”.596 avstriis kanonmdebloba fetuss moixseniebs
Semdegnairad _ ,,ganviTarebuli ujredebi“, rac gansazRvrulia
rogorc ganayofierebuli sakvercxe da misgan ganviTarebuli
ujredebi.597 germaniaSi fetusis Semdegi definiciaa damkvidrebuli
_ adamianis ganayofierebuli kvercxujredi, romelsac ujredTan
Serwymis momentidan SeuZlia ganviTareba. espaneTis kanonmdebloba
mniSvnelobas aniWebs ganayofierebuli kvercxujredis asaks da
595
ix. nebieriZe n., dasax. statia, 39.
596
597
ix. Dr. Davor Solter, Embryo Research in Pluralistic Europe, p. 114,
www.books.google.ge/books?id=2gy7_nXRcIkC&pg=PA113&lpg=PA113&dq=definition+of+fetus+in+
austria&source=bl&ots=8Vw7mjOCpk&sig=f6G5B67OS6-N6xZ_x2M7-YIfcN4&hl=ka&sa
=X&ei=iMqbT-SGFdH2sga638xS&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=definition%20of
%20fetus%20in%20austria&f=false, 29.04.2010.
175
fetussa da embrions gansazRvravs Semdegnairad _ embrionamdeli
mdgomareoba, e.i. fetusi aris bunebrivad an xelovnurad
ganayofierebuli kvercxujredi ganayofierebidan 14 dRemde;
embrioni _ ganayofierebuli kvercxujredi ganayofierebidan 14
dRis Semdeg ornaxevar Tvemde. didi britaneTis kanonmdebloba
fetusis, embrionis Semdeg or ganmartebas axdens _
,,ganayofierebis procesSi myofi kvercxujredi“ da ,,cocxali
adamianis embrioni, sadac ganayofiereba dasrulebulia“, e.i.
saxezea zigota _ spermatozoidiT ganayofierebuli
kvercxujredi. 598
,,adamianis fetuss samecniero-teqnikurma progresma aramyari
samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba Seuqmna da amitom gansakuTrebiT
aucilebelia misi biologiuri da samarTlebrivi statusis
gansazRvra”.599
,,embrionaluri statusis sakiTxebi aris adamianis moqmedebis
ganmsazRvreli embrionis mimarT, roca saubaria abortze,
diagnozze da prenatalur600 Terapiaze, sinjaraSi ganayofierebaze,
embrionis Senaxva-gamoyenebaze da eqsperimentebze“.601
,,kiTxvaze, Tu vin aris embrioni? unda vupasuxoT:
 embrioni adamianis sicocxlis formaa;
 es adamianuri sicocxle aris individualuri;
 mas aqvs pirovnuli buneba”.602
,,am sami nabijis gavlisTvis gamoviyenebT monacemebs,
romlebsac gvawodebs embrionologia da kaTolikuri eklesiis
avtoritetuli swavleba, gansakuTrebiT 1974 wlis deklaracia
orsulobis Sewyvtis Sesaxeb, sicocxlis madli 1987 weli da
enciklika, 1995 weli”.603
,,pirveli nabiji: ebrioni ar aris raRac biologiuri obieqti,
aramed arsebobis pirvelive momentidan adamianis sicocxlis
embrionuli formaa, genetikuri memkvidreobiT, diferencirebuli
dinamikiT, bioqimiuri da metaboluri xasiaTiT, rac mxolod
adamianis maxasiaTebelia”.604
,,ebrioni _ ara mxolod adamianis sicocxlis forma, aramed
adamianis saxeobis individia. es mtkiceba dafuZnebulia genetikuri
memkvidreobis, xasiaTis gansakuTrebulobasa da unikalurobaze.
misi metaboluri procesebis avtonomiaze dedasTan mimarTebaSi,
598
ix. Dr. Davor Solter, Embryo Research in Pluralistic Europe, p. 114,
www.books.google.ge/books?id=2gy7_nXRcIkC&pg=PA113&lpg=PA113&dq=definition+of+fetus+in+
austria&source=bl&ots=8Vw7mjOCpk&sig=f6G5B67OS6-N6xZ_x2M7-YIfcN4&hl=ka&sa
=X&ei=iMqbT-SGFdH2sga638xS&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=definition%20of
%20fetus%20in%20austria&f=false, 29.04.2010.
599
bavSvTa uflebebis Sesaxeb evropuli qartiis Sesaxeb evropuli sabWos
saparlamento asambleis rekomendacia 1046, 1986.
600
prenataluri _ rac dakavSirebulia mSobiarobis wina periodTan.
601
602
iqve, 39.
603
iqve, 39.
604
iqve, 39.
176
aseve im faqtze rom is flobs Sinagan mimarTulebas Tavisi
ganviTarebis sisrulis miRwevisaken”.605
,,kaTolikuri eklesiis swavleba emxroba pozicias sawyis
individualobaze. bioeTikis wignSi vkiTxulobT, romelic
citirebas axdens deklaraciidan orsulobis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb:
,,kvercxujredis ganayofierebis momentidan iwyeba axali sicocxle,
romelic ar aris dedis sicocxle, arc mamis, magram aris axali
adamianis sicocxle Tavisi sakuTari ganviTarebiT. is verasodes
ver gaxdeboda adamianuri sicocxle Tu ar iqneboda aseTi
dasawyisidanve. Tanamedrove mecniereba genetika, mkafiod
adasturebs yovelive imas, rac yovelTvis naTeli iyo, sulis
STabervis momentis Sesaxeb diskusiebidan damoukideblad. is
miuTiTebs imaze, rom ukve pirveli momentidan Cadebulia, rogori
iqneba es cocxali arseba: adamiani, individumi, misTvis
damaxasiaTebeli yvela niSnebiT, romlebic ukve sabolood
gansazRvrulia”.606
,,rac Seexeba marTlmadideblur swavlebas, misTvis fetusi
Casaxvis momentidan damoukidebeli sicocxlea, romlis xelyofa,
miuxedavad asakisa da ganviTarebisa, mkvlelobis tolfasia”.607
marTlmadideblobisTvis embrionis biologiur ganviTarebas
evoluciis procesTan kavSiri ar aqvs _ forma, zoma, ganviTarebis
sxvadasxva etapze fetusis saxecvlileba da msgavsi biologiuri
movlenebi miiCneva, rogorc fetusis ganviTarebis bunebrivi,
RvTiuri procesi, romelSic Careva da fetusis ZaliT dedis
sxeulidan gamodevna daubadebeli, Tumca mainc adamianis
mkvlelobaa. sainteresoa isic, rom marTlmadidebloba,
ganviTarebis etapebis mixedviT, nayofs fetusad da embrionad ar
hyofs, vinaidan misTvis Casaxvis momentidan nayofi axali
sicocxlea. fetusis biologiur ganviTarebaze saqarTvelos
sapatriarqos mier gaJRerebuli informacia Semdegnairia _
,,adamianis embrioni Tanmimdevrulad met-naklebad Tevzs,
wyalxmeleTa amfibiebs, cxovelebs, qvewarmavlebs da bolos
ZuZumwovrebs hgavs. ganviTarebis adreul etapze embrions aqvs
Tevzis msgavsi layuCebi, rac mxolod garegnuli da erTob
zedapiruli msgavsebaa, e.w. ,,layuCebi” jer ardabadebul bavSvSi
ar asruleben sunTqvis funqcias, rogorc es TevzebTan gvxvdeba.
adamianis embrioni Jangbads plancetis meSveobiT iRebs.
sinamdvileSi es layuCebi sxva araferis, Tu ara qsovilis fenebi,
romlisganac sxvadasxva organoebi viTardeba. rogorc Cans, es
sxeulis gansazRvruli nawilebis ganviTarebis saukeTeso
saSualebaa.” 608 ,,Casaxvis momentSive bavSvis Canasaxi ukve adamiania,
605
606
iqve, 40.
607
ix. abortis kriminalizaciis Sesaxeb,
www.orthodoxy.ge/samartali/aborti.htm, 08.11.2010.
608
xobrinki b., statia, qristianuli Sexeduleba samyaros warmoSobaze, Canasaxis
ganviTareba,
www.orthodoxy.ge/metsniereba/evolutsia_6.htm, 28.04.2012.
177
misi ganadgureba adamianis mkvlelobaa. amas unda SevxedoT
pirdapir da seriozulad, am viTarebaSi araviTari patieba ar
arsebobs. aborti an adamianebis aRviraxsnilobis Sedegia, an
metyvelebs adamianis sicocxlis mimarT srul ugrZnobelobaze.
eklesiis TvalTaxedviT, saxarebis TvalTaxedviT, an ubralod,
saRad moazrovne kacobriobis TvalTaxedviT es danaSaulia“.609
Zalzed sayuradReboa, rom 21-e saukuneSi embrionma
damatebiTi funqcia SeiZina, ,,Tanamedrove medicinis miRwevebis
Sedegad, abortirebuli nayofis qsovilebi farTod gamoiyeneba
Terapiis (medikamentebis damzadeba), transplantaciisa Tu
samecniero kvlevis mizniT. abortirebuli nayofis qsovilebs an
mTlianad, gegmiuri abortis Sedegad miRebul 150-480 gr. embrions
efeqturad iyeneben transplantaciaSic“.610 abortirebuli nayofis
gamoyeneba warmatebulia aseve parkinsonis daavadebisa da diabetis
mkurnalobaSi.611 abortirebuli fetusis gamoyenebiT aris
damzadebuli zogierTi vaqcina, mag: rubella, HepA, RAB-HDC, VAR,
ZOS,612 romlebic sxvadasxva daavadebis vaqcinaciis dros
gamoiyeneba, maT Soris bavSvebSi, vinaidan fetusis sxeulis
nawilebi adreul asakSi gamovlenili daavadebebis samkurnalo
bunebriv nivTierebebs Seicavs.613 es preparatebi Zalzed
deficituri, Tumca aseve Zalzed efeqturi samkurnalo-medicino
saSualebebia.
,,yovel adamians SeuZlia hkiTxos sakuTar Tavs: ,,rodis
daviwye arseboba? SevecadoT vupasuxoT am kiTxvas. adamianis ,,me”-s
mTavari komponenti aris misi sxeuli. amitom is (Cveni ,,me”)
arsebobas iwyebs maSin, roca dasawyisi aqvs Cvens sxeuls.
aRniSnuli ganpirobebulia imiT, rom adamians adamianurobis
gancda sakuTari sxeulis sxva adamianis sxeulTan msgavsebiT
uCndeba da xvdeba, rom is adamianis msgavsia da ara sxva romelime
sulieri arsebis. qvecnobieris mier sakuTari ,,me”-s adamianad
aRqmis Semdeg, adamiani iwyebs imis Ziebas, Tu rodis da rogor
moxda misi sxeulis gaadamianureba”.614
,,pirveli kiTxva, romelzec pasuxi unda veZeboT aris _ ,,sad
daiwyo Cemi sxeuli?”. adamianis embrionis biologiuri arsobis
mecnierulma gamokvlevam naTlad daamtkica, rom Casaxvis
momentidan gametebis SerwymisTanave dedis falopis milebSi,
adamianis embrions aqvs adamianis individumis yvela maxasiaTebeli.
rogorc ki kvercxujredi da spermatozoidi _ ori ujredovani
sistema urTierTqmedeben erTmaneTTan, dauyovnebliv iwyeba axali
sistema:
609
abortis kriminalizaciis Sesaxeb,
610
kvaWaZe m., Tanamedrove medicinis zogierTi samarTlebrivi aspeqti,Tb., 1996, 64.
611
ix. www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3564200?uid=3738048&uid=2&uid=4&sid=56291375023,
16.12.2011.
612
ix. www.empr.com/are-vaccines-made-from-fetal-tissue/article/176604, 15.12.2011.
613
ix. McGovern C., The Abortion Connection,
www.vaccinetruth.org/fetal_tissue.htm, 11.12.2011.
614
178
 axali da specifikuri biologiuri arseba Tavisi
sicocxlis ganviTarebis programiT;
 Sinagani dinamizmiT, gansazRvruli da marTuli
genomiT, mimarTuli TandaTanobiT ganviTarebisaken
zrdasruli admianis formirebamde;
 arsebobs damoukidebeli organizmis saxiT, romelic
moqmedebs da mravldeba mkacrad gansazRvruli
TanmimdevrobiT;
 axali sistema es aris ara ubralo ori sistemis jami
aramed kombinirebuli sistema, romelic iwyebs
moqmedebas rogorc axali erTianoba, Tu mas saWiro
pirobebs SevuqmniT is aRwevs Tavis specifikur
saboloo formas. aqedan gamomdinare, gvaqvs
terminologia ,,erTujredovani embrioni“;
 axorcielebs Tavisi genetikuri programis
TviTkontrols;
 yvela am gamokvlevidan daskvna aris Seuqcevadi
dasturi imisa, rom adamianis embrions gaaCnia
adamianuri, pirovnuli Rirseba: is rac iqneba
zrdasruli adamiani, ukve mTlianad Cadebulia
embrionSi da faqtiurad mzad aris srulad
gamovlindes, maSin roca mTlianad realizebuli iqneba
nayofis geniT“.615
,,am axali biologiuri erTianobis centri an
koordinirebuli struqtura aris axali genomi. es molekuluri
procesebi aamoqmedeben da inaxaven ise, rogorc mexsierebaSi
mkafiod dadgenil proeqts aucilebeli da mudmivi ,,informaciiT“,
mocemuli procesis TandaTanobiTi da avtonomiuri
realizaciisaTvis. es ,,genomi“ axdens erTujredovani embrionis,
rogorc biologiurad ,,adamianis“ identifirebas da axasiaTebs mis
individualurobas. ,,genomi“ embrions aZlevs warmoudgenel
morfogenul Tvisebebs, romlebsac Tavad embrioni TandaTan
aamoqmedebs Tavisi ganviTarebis etapze garemosTan mudmivi
urTierTqmedebiT“.616
615nebieriZe n., statia, embrionis statusi – vin aris embrioni?, bioeTika, gamomc.
saqarTvelos religiaTmcodneobaTa kavSiris biblioTeka, Tb., 2009, 40-41.
616
iqve, 41.
179
6.2. fetusis sicocxlis ufleba abortis dros
,,demokratiulobisa da humanurobis principidan gamomdinare

eWvgareSea sicocxlis uflebis primati sakanonmdeblo sferoSi.
mTeli rigi deklaraciebi, saerTaSoriso paqtebi da qveynis
konstituciebi cdiloben sicocxlis uflebis samarTlebrivi
dacvis mizniT mis formulirebasa da realizacias“.617
,,rodesac sicocxleze vsaubrobT, SeuZlebelia ar aRiniSnos
am sityvis definiciasTan dakavSirebuli mosazrebebisa da
diskusiebis simravlis Sesaxeb. rogorc aRvniSneT, eWvs ar badebs
sicocxlis uflebis arsebobis aucilebloba, Tumca samecniero
literaturasa da iuridiul praqtikaSi arcTu ise iSviaTad
ibadeba kiTxva: rodis iwyeba sicocxlis ufleba da aris Tu ara
am uflebis subieqti embrioni? aRniSnuli sakiTxi sakmaod
problemuri Temaa da am kiTxvebze pasuxi dResac, miuxedavad
mravali samecniero da iuridiuli praqtikisa, amomwuravi ar aris.
imisaTvis, rom Tavidan iqnes acilebuli qalis janmrTelobisa da
Tavisuflebis konfliqti daubadebel arsebas _ potenciur
adamians Soris, saWiroa sakanonmdeblo sivrcis gafarToeba da
iseTi aRmkveTi RonisZiebebis gatareba, romelic SeZlebs am ori
ukiduresobis mowesrigebas. dRes, rogorc jon t. nunani aRniSnavs
xdeba ise, rom ,,erTi adamianis ufleba _ gaikeTos aborti aris
meore adamianis sicocxlis uflebis darRveva“.618
sityva ,,aborti” laTinuri warmoSobisaa (abortus) da muclis
mowyvetas, moSlas niSnavs, rac Tavis mxriv, orsulobis naadrev
Sewyvetas gulisxmobs, saSvilosnodan nayofis gamoZevebiT.619
aborti istoriis furclebze odiTganve aris moxseniebuli.
wyaroebis Tanaxmad, praqtikaSi mis mimarTATanadgomac arsebobda,
magram amasTan isic unda aRiniSnos, rom umravles SemTxvevaSi
abortis gakeTeba gadaWriT iyo dagmobili.
,,aborti ganekuTvneba samedicino eTikis, filosofiis,
iurisprudenciisa da Teologiis uZveles problemas. hipokrates
ficis Tanaxmad, eqims ekrZaleba orsulobis Sewyveta (àr mivce
arc erT qals muclis mosaSleli pesariumi~). amasTanave
aristotele aborts dasaSvebad miiCnevda. aristoteles poziciaSi
yuradRebas imsaxurebs ori momenti: masTan abortebis
aucilebloba efuZneboda demografiul miznebs (Sobadobis
regulirebas): amasTan, igi aborts dasaSvebad Tvlida manam, sanam
CanasaxSi Camoyalibdeboda `mgrZnobeloba~ da àqtiuroba
moZraobisaTvis~.620
berZnuli samarTlis mixedviT, muclis moSlisTvis qalis
617
griSikaSvili l., statia, konfliqti qalis Tavisuflebasa da fetusis
sicocxlis uflebas Soris, J. kromonologi, Tb., 2009, 129.
618
iqve, 129.
619
ix. aborti, Tavisufali qarTulenovani enciklopediidan,
www.ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1
%83%98, 06.12.2011.
620
180
mimarT gamoiyeneboda eqsoria, anu gaZeveba, romelic damnaSavis
mfarvelobis gareSe datovebas gulisxmobda.621 ,,gaZevebuli piris
mokvlisTvis aravin agebda pasuxs da amasTan, aravis hqonda
ufleba, misTvis TavSesafari aRmoeCina”.622
,,berZnuli samarTlis mixedviT, Tu dedakacisTvis muclis
mosaSlelad wamlis micemas orsuli qalis sikvdili mohyveboda,
wamlis mimcemi sikvdiliT isjeboda. analogiuri saxis sasjeli
gamoiyeneboda im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac qalis sikvdilis mimarT
damnaSaves gaufrTxileblobiTi damokidebuleba gaaCnda”.623
,,Zvel romSi, aborti samarcxvinod ar iTvleboda da farTod
gamoiyeneboda praqtikaSi. imperiis dacemis epoqaSi SeZlebul
moqalaqeebs ar surdaT arc ojaxi da arc Svilebi”.624
mxiTar goSis samarTlis mixedviT, Tuki qali nayofs
moiSlida wamliT an sxva saSualebiT, SesaZloa sikvdiliTa
dasjiliyo.625
,,Tavdapirvelad romis samarTalSi Canasaxi ganmartebuli iyo,
rogorc dedis sxeulis nawili (pars viscerum), amitom qals ar
sjidnen nayofis mokvlis an muclidan misi mocilebs gamo.
mogvianebiT embrions (nasciturus _ `dabadebis uflebis mqone~) mieniWa
zogierTi samoqalaqo ufleba. xelovnur aborts ganmartavdnen,
rogorc danaSauls mSoblebis uflebaTa winaaRmdeg, Tuki vinme
Seecdeboda am gziT mieRwia qonebrivi uflebebisaTvis”.626
,,embrionis, rogorc Rirebulebis gaazreba dakavSirebulia
qristianobis warmoSobasTan. ukve adreuli qristianul epoqaSi
aborti gaigivebuli iyo adamianis mkvlelobasTan. mama basil didi
werda: `muclad Casaxuli nayofis ganzrax mokvdineba iseTive
gakicxvas imsaxurebs, rogorc mkvleloba~. abortTan mimarTebiT
qristianul tradiciaSi mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs sulis
Casaxvis sakiTxs, roca embrioni iZens ukvdav suls, anu roca xdeba
misi gasuliereba. Tu adre qristianebSi miTiTebuli iyo meormoce
dRe vaJebisaTvis da meoTxmoce dRe gogonebisaTvis, Sua
saukuneebis RvTismetyvelni da filosofos-sqolastikosebi ukve
ar asxvavebdnen sqess da uTiTebdnen xan meormoce, xan ki
meoTxmoce dReze. es debulebebi moulodnelad èxmianeba~
Tanamedrove kanonmdeblobas abortis Sesaxeb, rac bevr qveyanaSia
miRebuli da romelic xSir SemTxvevaSi dasaSvebad Tvlis abortis
Sewyvetas orsulobis pirvel trimestrSi (12 kviramde). Sua
saukuneebSi, roca eklesia amtkicebda, rom mucladyofnis
ganviTarebis gansazRvrul momentSi embrioni ukvdav suls iZens,
aborti mkacrad isjeboda. germanul kanonTa krebul `karolinas~
Tanaxmad (XVI saukune), abortis-cocxali (sulieri) nayofis
621
ix. cqitiSvili T., statia, ukanono aborti _ ganzrax mkvleloba Tu safrTxis
Semqmneli deliqti?, samarTlisa da politikuri azrovnebis istoriis narkvevebi,
wigni I, Tb., 2010, 520.
622
iqve, 520.
623
iqve, 523.
624
625
ix. cqitiSvili T., dasax. statia, 520.
626
mamulaSvili b., bioeTika,. gamomc. universali, Tb., 2007, 248.
181
ganadgurebis SemTxvevaSi deda sikvdiliT isjeboda. abortisaTvis
sikvdiliT dasja ruseTSic SemoiRes 1649 wels da gauqmda erTi
saukunis Semdeg”.627
,,xelovnuri abortis qirurgiuli teqnika (saSvilosnos
RruSi samedicino instrumentebis Setana) cnobilia daaxloebiT
1750 wlidan. Tumca Tavidan maRali riskis mizeziT am operacias
diplomirebuli eqimebi Zalze iSviaTad mimarTavdnen da Tu es
meTodi mainc gamoiyeneboda im wlebSi, mas mxolod ukanono
praqtikosi mkurnalebi iyenebdnen. im drois samedicino praqtikaSi
diplomirebuli eqimebi or momentze amaxvilebdnen yuradRebas:
jer erTi, isini arcTu gulwrfelad Tvlidnen, rom profesiuli
eTikis erTgulni rCebodnen (orsulobis faqtis dadgena misi
mimdinareobis pirvel naxevarSi SeuZlebeli iyo): meorec, im
wlebSi samedicino praqtikaSi gavrcelebuli iyo saeWvo Teoria,
romlis Tanaxmadac, Sxamiani nivTierebebis doza, romelsac
SeuZlia Canasaxis mokvdineba da abortis gamowveva, dedisaTvis
sazianod ar iTvleboda”.628
,,pirveli saxelmwifo, romelmac `pacientis moTxovniT
aborti~-s legalizeba moaxdina, sabWoTa kavSiri iyo. jandacvis
sabWoTa sistemis erT-erTma Semoqmedma z. p. soloviovma
`dokumenti~ uwoda 1920 wlis 18 noembris jandacvis saxalxo
komisariatis istoriul dadgenilebas, romelSic naTqvami iyo:
`dasaSvebia orsulobis xelovnuri Sewyvetis operaciis ufaso
Catareba sabWoTa saavadmyofoebis pirobebSi, sadac
uzrunvelyofilia misi maqsimaluri usafrTxoeba~. es RonisZieba
pirvel rigSi mimarTuli iyo kriminaluri abortebis, rogorc
borotebis winaaRmdeg”.629
Tanamedrove medicina qals abortis Semdeg tipebs sTavazobs:
 qirurgiuli aborti,
 vakuumuri (mini) aborti,
 medikamenturi aborti.
samedicino qirurgiuli aborti tardeba orsulobis gvian
vadebSi, roca orsulobis vada 5 Tves aRemateba, keTdeba mxolod
specializebul samedicino dawesebulebaSi, gamocdili qirurgis
mier, zogadi narkoziT.630
vakuumuri (mini) aborti tardeba im SemTxvevaSi, roca
orsulobis vada 5 kviras ar aRemateba. igi tardeba vakuumuri
aspiraciiT, ultrabgeriTi gamokvlevis kontroliT. misi
xangrZlivoba Seadgens 5-7 wuTs, xolo Sexorcebis procesi
sakmaod swrafad da TiTqmis umtkivneulod mimdinareobs.
vakuumuri aborti tardeba samedicino dawesebulebaSi eqimis mier
winasawri konsultaciisa da gamokvlevis Semdeg.631
medikamenturi aborti gulisxmobs orsulobis Sewyvetas
abebiT, igi tardeba orsulobis adreul vadebSi da praqtikulad
627
mamulaSvili b., bioeTika,. gamomc. universali, Tb., 2007, 248-249.
628
iqve, 250.
629
iqve, 255.
630
ix. www.oxford-med.ge/WomanHealth.asp?ID=50, 12.08.2011.
631
ix. iqve.
182
usafrTxoa dedisaTvis. medikamenturi aborti keTdeba samedicino
preparatis meSveobiT da ar warmoadgens qirurgiul Carevas. aseTi
meTodis gamoyenebiT, infeqciis riski gacilebiT dabalia, vidre
sxva saxis abortebis SemTxvevaSi,632 anu igi SedarebiT usafrTxoa,
vinaidan medikamentozuri Careva minimaluria (vinaidan, rogorc
wesi, preparatis erTxel miRebaa sakmarisi sasurveli Sedegis
misaRwevad), xolo qirurgiuli Careva saerTod ar xorcieldeba.
aborti SeiZleba iyos spontanuri, anu TavisTavadi da
xelovnuri. spontanuri aborti viTardeba qalis organizmze an
nayofze uSualo zemoqmedebis gareSe. misi gamomwvevi mizezebia
fizikuri da fsiqologiuri travmebi (simZimis aweva, dacema,
muclis daSaveba, mZime gancda da a.S.) da TviT nayofis daavadebani.
spontanuri abortis xelSemwyob mizezebs warmoadgens _
saSvilosnosa da sakvercxeebis ganuviTarebloba, saSvilosnos
simsivne, sasqeso organoebis anTeba, orsulTa toqsikozi, mwvave da
qronikuli infeqciuri daavadebebi, gulis mZime manki, hipertonuli
daavadeba, intoqsikacia, dedisa da nayofis sisxlis SeuTavsebloba
(gansakuTrebiT rezus faqtoris mixedviT) da sxva.633
spontanur aborts ganviTarebis ramdenime stadia aqvs:
1. mosalodneli aborti iwyeba susti SeteviTi xasiaTis
tkiviliT muclis qvemo nawilSi da mcireodeni
sisxliani gamonadeniT;
2. dawyebiTi abortis dros, tkivili da sisxldena
matulobs.
3. dasrulebuli abortis dros, sanayofo kvercxi
TavisTavad mTlianad gamoiyofa saSvilosnodan,
sisxldena wydeba da saSvilosno ikumSeba. 634
qalis organizmze an nayofze uSualo zemoqmedebiT
(wamleulis miReba, saSvilosnoSi instrumentuli Careva an raime
nivTierebis Seyvana) gamowveul aborts xelovnuri aborti ewodeba.
mocemul dros, saSvilosnos yels xsnian da saSvilosnos kedlebs
fxeken specialuri sameano instrumentiT, anda uaryofiTi wnevis
aparatiT xdeba saSvilosnodan nayofis gamowova
(vakuumaspiracia)635, xolo Tuki nayofi ukve didia, xdeba
specialuri makratliT saSvilosnoSi Sesvla, fetusis
saSvilosnoSive danawevreba da nawil-nawil misi gareT
gamodevna. 636
632
ix. www.oxford-med.ge/WomanHealth.asp?ID=50, 12.08.2011.
633
%83%98, 06.12.2011.
634
ix. iqve,
%83%98, 06.12.2011.
635
ix. iqve,
%83%98, 06.12.2011.
636
ix. simarTle abortis da Casaxvis sawinaaRmdego saSualebebis Sesaxeb,
www.orthodox.ge/index.php?id=aktualuri_temebi/rtuli_kitxvebi.php, 10.08.2011.
183
me-20 saukunis meore naxevridan msoflios mravali qveynis
midgoma Seicvala abortis mimarT. 1948 wlidan aborti
legalizebulia iaponiaSi, 1950 wlidan _ aRmosavleT evropaSi da
CineTSi, rasac dasavleT evropis qveynebi da aSS 1960-1970 wlebSi
SeuerTda. 1980 wlidan uwyvetad SeimCneoda aRniSnuli tendenciis
zrda.637
,,msoflio masStabiT, qveyanaTa 98%-Si aborti nebadarTulia
qalis sicocxlis gadarCenis mizniT, 62%-Si misi fizikuri an
fsiqikuri janmrTelobis SenarCunebis mizniT, 42%-Si Tu
orsuloba mohyva gaupatiurebas an incests, 40%-Si _ Tu nayofi
seriozuli defeqtis mqonea, 29%-Si ekonomiuri da socialuri
mizezebiT da mxolod 21%-Si TxovniT“.638
,,ruseTSi moqmedebs erT-erTi yvelaze liberaluri kanoni _
àborti TxovniT~ nebadarTulia orsulobis meTormete kviramde,
samedicino Cvenebis mixedviT _ orsulobis vadis miuxedavad:
socialuri maCveneblebiT _ 22 kviramde. socialuri maCveneblebis
sia moicavs: orsulobisas qmris sikvdili, qalis an misi qmris
yofna Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi, dedobis uflebis
CamorTmeva, mravalSvilianoba (3 an meti Svili), ganqorwineba
orsulobis dros, orsuloba gaupatiurebis Semdeg, umuSevari
qali an misi qmari, ojaxis erT sulze sayofacxovrebo minimumze
naklebi Semosavali, qalisaTvis sakuTari sacxovreblis uqonloba
(saerTo sacxovrebelSi cxovreba)”.639
,,SveciaSi orsuli qali Tavad wyvets abortis sakiTxs, asakis
miuxedavad (e.i. mocemuli samedicino Carevisas konfidencialoba
prioritetulad iTvleba): safrangeTSi ki aseTi ufleba qals
eniWeba 18 wlis asakidan. ruseTSi mocemul sakiTxs kanoni
pirdapir ar wyvets, Tumca `moqalaqeTa janmrTelobis dacvis
Sesaxeb kanonmdeblobis safuZvlebidan~ (st. 32. Tanxmoba
samedicino Carevaze) gamomdinareobs, rom pacientis
uflebamosileba mocemul SemTxvevaSi 15 wlis asakidan iwyeba”.640
abortTan dakavSirebuli problemebi da fetusis dacva
mraval qveyanaSi sadavo sakiTxad iTvleba. miuxedavad amisa,
arseboben qveynebi, romelTac abortis mimarT Camoyalibebuli
mkacri pozicia ar SeucvliaT, mag: avstriaSi sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis miRebamde (igi imperator ioseb II_s dros 1787 wlis 13
ianvars iqna miRebuli), abortis mkeTebeli, iseve rogorc
gamkeTebeli, sikvdiliT isjeboda. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis
miRebis Semdegac kodeqsis 144-e muxlis Tanaxmad, aborti kvlav
dasjadad aris gamocxadebuli. avstriaSi abortis mimarT kanonis
637
ix. Teenage Pregnancy,
www.books.google.ge/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Vayy1oxHPbAC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=teenage+pregnanc
y&ots=G4u_2_x4DR&sig=mjdFOhCAXOJnAPD_jRjCSPqFqck&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=TEENAG
E-PREGNANCY-reon.php, p.3, 27.04.2010.
638
639
iqve, 286-287.
640
iqve, 288.
184
damokidebuleba Sua saukuneebidan moyolebuli (qristianobis
miRebis Semdeg) dRemde, ar Secvlila.641
qristianobis miRebis Semdeg, Sua saukuneebidan moyolebuli
dRemde, moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, italiis mraval
regionSi nebayoflobiTi aborti mZime danaSaulad iTvleba.
hipokrate, ,,Tanamedrove medicinis mama“ da soranosi,
uZvelesi xanis udidesi ginekologi, abortis winaaRmdeg
gamodiodnen. hipokrates fici, romelic Camoyalibda Cven
welTaRricxvamde 400 wels, aSkarad krZalavs aborts.
,,hipokrates fici kargad iyo cnobili Tavisi pirobebiT _
,,aravis ar mivcem momakvdinebel wamals da moTxovnis miuxedavadac
ar SevTavazeb mas. Sesabamisad, ar mivcem qals abortisTvis abs.
gaWirvebasa da lxinSi davicav sicocxlesa da Cems xelovnebas“.
Cveni welTaRricxviT I saukuneSi am avtoritetuli gancxadebis
zegavlenis qveS moqceuli mravali eqimi imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom
,,medicina valdebulia SeinarCunos is, rac bunebam Seqmna“, abortis
gakeTebaze yvelas uariT istumrebda. soranosi ki aborts mxolod
im SemTxvevaSi akeTebda, rodesac fexmZimobis garTulebas qalis
janmrTelobis an sicocxlis safrTxeSi Cagdeba SeiZleba
gamoewvia”. 642
Bbunebrivia, ibadeba kiTxva, rodis iwyeba adamianis

sicocxle? samedicino gamokvlevebma cxadyo, rom sicocxle iwyeba
misi CasaxvisTanave, magram kanonmdebloba sicocxlis dawyebis
moments cota sxvagvarad uyurebs, igi sicocxlis dasawyebad
Tvlis dabadebas, xolo dabadebad _ bavSvis dedis sxeulidan
ganSorebis dawyebis process miiCnevs. saqarTvelos sisxlis
samarTlis kanonmdeblobiT dasjadia mxolod ukanono aborti anu
orsulobis xelovnuri Sewyveta mxolod araspecilizirebul
dawesebulebaSi an specialur dawesebulebaSi da araspecialistis
mier an kanonis sxva moTxovnis daucvelad.
albaT, ufro samarTliani iqneboda, Tuki qarTuli
kanonmdebloba aRiarebda, rom sicocxle CasaxvisTanave iwyeba da
igi am momentidan unda iyos daculi, miT umetes maSin, roca
samoqalaqosamarTlebrivi uflebaunarianoba warmoiSoba nayofis
dedis mucelSi yofnisTanave, xolo misi realizacia, ra Tqma unda,
damokidebulia bavSvis dabadebaze, rac savsebiT bunebrivia. Tu
bavSvi cocxali ver daibada, misi uflebebis realizaciaze
saubaric ki zedmetia, magram mas aqvs dabadebisa da sicocxlis
ufleba. swored rom sicocxlis ufleba unda iyos jer
ardabadebuli bavSvis amqveynad movlinebis garanti ,,eTikuri”
TvalsazrisiT abortis akrZalvis gziT da aseTi akrZalvis
sakanonmdeblo ganmtkicebiT. magaliTad, germaniis federaluri
sakonstitucio sasamarTlo avaldebulebs saxelmwifos,
sakanonmdeblo wesiT akrZalos orsulobis sakanonmdeblo
Sewyveta garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac orsuloba safrTxes uqmnis
641
ix. Erhard Mock, in Dennis Campbell, ed., Abortion Law and Public Policy. Martinus Nijhoff
Publishers, 1984, 19.
642
WeliZe l., sicocxlis ufleba fetusisTvis, krebulSi: adamianis uflebaTa
dacva erovnul da saerTaSoriso samarTalSi, korkelia k. (red.), Tb., 2002, 255.
185
dedis sicocxles da janmrTelobas. irlandiaSi orsulobis
Sewyveta saerTod akrZalulia da es moTxovna konstituciis
donezea ganmtkicebuli. evropis adamianis uflebaTa konvenciam
1978 wels gamocemuli konvenciis ganmartebaSi daadgina, rom
nayofis sicocxlis aRiareba ewinaaRmdegeba konvenciis miznebs,
konvencia ar miuTiTebs Casaxvis momentidan sicocxlis
uflebaze. 643
unda gvaxsovdes, rom aRniSnuli dadginda 34 wlis win da mas
Semdeg kacobriobam mniSvnelovani nabijebi gadadga adamianis
uflebaTa dacvis sakiTxebSi, dRes medicinam ukve yovelgvari eWvis
gareSe daadgina, rom adamianis sicocxle iwyeba misi
CasaxvisTanave, da swored am momentidanve unda xdebodes misi
dacva, miTumetes, rom evropis mraval qveyanaSi, romlebic arian
mowinaveni adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvaSi,
arsebobs akrZalvebi nayofis xelovnur moSlaze. orsulobis
xelovnuri Sewyveta aris jer ardabadebuli adamianis sicocxlis
xelyofa _ mkvleloba. aseTi Careva orsulobaSi da misi Sewyveta
SesaZlebeli unda iyos mxolod dedis sicocxlisa da
janmrTelobisaTvis realuri safrTxis arsebobisas da aseTi
qmedeba gamarTlebuli unda iyos bralis gamomricxavi iseTi
garemoebiT, rogoricaa tragikuli kolozia.644
sazogadoebisa da saxelmwifos damokidebuleba abortis
mimarT, sxvadasxva periodSi icvleboda, rac damokidebuli iyo
ekonomikur, politikur da socialur faqtorze.645 sxvadasxva
qveynebis adamianebs, gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebis mqone sxvadasxva
xalxs, garkveuli saerTo principebi aqvT. adamianTa Tavisufali
neba iyos morwmune an urwmuno, aTeistebsac aqvT ufleba, hqondeT
TavianTi Sexeduleba. civilizebul samyaroSi, es sindisis
Tavisuflebaa.646
,,yvela Tanxmdeba, rom adamianis sicocxle bunebis yvelaze
didi saCuqaria“,647 Tumca Tanamedrove sazogadoebisTvis
damaxasiaTebelia uzneoba, uxeSi da daufaravi Zaladobis normebi,
romlebic bunebrivad da progresulad aris gamocxadebuli. 648
adamiani SeeCvia, rom mas bevris ufleba aqvs, igi naklebad xedavs
uflis xels amqveynad mimdinare procesebSi, rac Tavis mxriv, mis
RvTisadmi uSiSrobasa da urwmunobaze aisaxeba. dRevandel
msoflioSi mTavari fuli da Zalauflebaa. ,,didma britanelma
botanikosma, Carlz darvinma cocxali bunebis evoluciuri
ganviTareba ,,daasabuTa”, romelic exeba adamians da mis
garemomcvel samyaros. misi mTavari daskvnis Tanaxmad, samyaroSi
643
ix. xobelia d., statia, sicocxlis ufleba, perioduli samecniero J.
aRmaSenebeli, Tb., 2010, 40-41.
644
ix. iqve, 40-41.
645
ix. Силуянова И.В., Этика врачевания: современная медицина и православие, М., 2001, 103.
646
ix. baRaTuria g., zneoba Tu aRviraxsnili egoizmi?,
www.orthodoxy.ge/apologetika/evolutsionizmi.htm, 22.08.2010.
647
Лаврин А., Хроники Харона, Энциклопедия смерти, М., 1995, 11.
648
ix. baRaTuria g., zneoba Tu aRviraxsnili egoizmi?,
186
uwyvetad mimdinareobs brZola arsebobisaTvis da am daundobel
brZolaSi imarjvebs uZlieresi, is, romelic ukeT Seegueba
arsebul pirobebs. brZola arsebobisaTvis da bunebrivi SerCeva –
evoluciis mamoZravebeli Zalaa“.649
,,Zlier rasebs arsebobisaTvis brZolis kanoni TiTqos
avaldebulebs kidec, ZaliT ibatonon sxva danarCen rasebze, Tu
saWiroa, unda gaanadguron kidec isini“.650 ,,arsebobisaTvis brZola
Tavdacvis instinqtiTaa ganpirobebuli, zneobrivi kategoriebis
TvalsazrisiT igi damyarebulia yvelaze ufro farTomasStabian
da aRvirasxnil egoizmze, maT Soris jgufur egoizmzec: unda
gadarCnen mxolod Zlierebi, romlebic kacobriobis progresis
damamuxruWebel sustebs anadgureben; adamianuri urTierTobebi
unda aigos sisxlis samarTlis damnaSaveTa samyaros kanonebiT _
,,adamiani adamianisTvis mgelia”.651
,,adamiani bunebrivad Rebulobs srul damoukideblobas da
uflebas, Taviseburad dagegmos sazogadoebrivi da kerZo
cxovreba, miuxedavad gareSe SezRudvebis, anu RmerTis mcnebebisa.
amrigad, ufasurdeba zneobrivi normebi, xolo TviT adamianis
cxovreba kargavs Tavis wmida daniSnulebas, adamians eZleva
cxovrebasTan nebismieri urTierTobebis neba, is rac adre
mkrexelobad iTvleboda da absoluturad dauSvebeli iyo, dRes
SeiZleba normad CaiTvalos. amis Sedegia ase gavrcelebuli
abortebi, evTanazia, sqesis Secvla, adamianis xelovnuri Casaxva
sinjaraSi, klonireba da a.S.”652
kiTxvaze _ aris Tu ara fetusi adamiani da unda daicvas Tu
ara kanonma misi sicocxlis ufleba _ pasuxi jer kidev ar aris
gacemuli.
,,Tanamedrove medicinis mixedviT, dabadebis momentad iTvleba
nayofis gamoyofa dedis saSvilosnodan”653. arsebobs mosazreba,
rom adamianis sicocxle iwyeba im momentidan, roca bavSvi
gamoyofas iwyebs dedis sxeulidan, anu mSobiarobis dawyebis
momentidan, xolo Canasaxis mospoba aranairad ar aris
danaSauli. 654 ,,rasakvirvelia, es arseba adamiania, magram Cven ara
varT valdebuli, mivceT mas sicocxlis viza“655 _ acxadeben
649
baRaTuria g., zneoba Tu aRviraxsnili egoizmi?,
650
iqve,
651
iqve,
652
iqve,
653
(red.), Tb., 2006, 190.
654
655
dvaliSvili n., statia, sulsa da mkvdreTiT aRdgomaze,
www.orthodoxy.ge/skhva/aborti, 18.08.2010.
187
eqimebi, romlebic fetuss damoukidebel adamianad ar Tvlian da
romelTaTvis aborti Cveulebrivi operaciaa, romlis gakeTebac
pacientis survilzea damokidebuli.656
,,cnobilia, rom adamiani dabadebamde ar aris samarTlis
subieqti. miuxedavad amisa, sisxlis samarTalsa da samoqalaqo
samarTalSi arSobil adamians sxvadasxva statusi gaaCnia.
samoqalaqo samarTliT daculia Casaxuli embrionis qonebrivi
uflebebi, romelic realizebuli iqneba bavSvis dabadebis Semdeg.
kanoni iTvaliswinebs momavali memkvidris uflebebis dacvas.
arSobili bavSvis interesebis dacva Semoifargleba misi
memkvidreobis wilis dacviT. Tuki bavSvi daibada mkvdari, is
memkvidreobas ver miiRebs. amgvari moTxovna Tavis asaxvas poulobs
sxvadasxva qveynebis kanonmdeblobaSi, magaliTad, germaniis
kanonmdeblobiT, is vinc memkvidreobis gaxsnamde ar dabadebula,
magram manamde iyo Casaxuli, iTvleba memkvidred“.657
,,dReisaTvis samedicino muSakebis umetesoba mxars uWers
embrionis sicocxlis uflebis samarTlebriv dacvasa da
saxelmwifos mxridan masze reagirebas. sainteresoa, rogor
afasebs amerikeli eqimi paul rokvali 8 kviriani Canasaxis
abortis gakeTebis process: ,,14 wlis win pacients gamovuwere
saanesTezio saSualeba saSvilosnos gareTa orsulobis
sawinaaRmdegod. Canasaxi 2 Tveze metis iyo. planceta xelSi aviRe
da davinaxe yvelaze patara adamianuri sxeuli, rogorsac odesme
Sexebia adamiani. nuStis siTxeSi sakmaod swrafad dacuravda
mikroskopuri adamianuri arseba, mamakacis sqesi, 5 diumis sigrZe.
es mikroskopuli adamiani sruliad Camoyalibebuli gaxldaT,
grZeli, konusismagvari TiTebiT... Cvili aqtiurobda, dacuravda
erTi wre erT wamSi siCqariT, rogorc namdvili mocurave. rogorc
ki planceta gaskda mikroskopulma adamianma dakarga sicocxle da
miiRo kargad nacnobi am asakis Canasaxis Sesaxedaoba gaqvavebuli
kidurebiT... iseTi GgrZnoba dameufla, rom mkvdar zrdasrul
adamians vuyurebdi...“658
medicina upiratesobas aniWebs nayofis sicocxlis uflebas,
SesaZloa es imiTac aris ganpirobebuli, rom maT uSualod uwevT
im rTul procesTan Sexeba, romelic abortis gakeTebas sWirdeba.
asec rom ar iyos, saqarTvelos kanoni ,,janmrTelobis dacvis
Sesaxeb“, misi 139-e muxlis pirveli nawili miuTiTebs, rom ,,qalTa
janmrTelobis dacva abortebis Semcirebis gziT, saxelmwifos
prioritetuli amocanaa“, rac xazs usvams im faqts, rom
kanonisTvis upirvelesi dedis sicocxle da janmrTelobaa, Tumca
amave muxlis me-2 nawilis ,,b“ qvepunqti gvamcnobs, rom orsulobis
nebayoflobiTi Sewyveta nebadarTulia, Tu ,,orsuls samedicino
dawesebulebaSi Cautarda winaswari gasaubreba da gasaubrebidan
operaciamde gasulia sami dRis mosafiqrebeli vada. gasaubrebis
656
ix. www.pregnantpause.org/euth/jamagrow.htm/Euthanasia Not Common Yet But Increasing/ Posted 6
Sep 2000/ Copyright 1999 by Life Issues Institute, 14.08.2011.
657
Wanturia l., Sesavali samoqalaqo samarTlis zogad nawilSi, Tb., 1997, 133.
658
188
dros eqimma upiratesoba unda mianiWos nayofis sicocxlis
dacvas“. gamodis, rom samedicino muSaki valdebulia, gasaubrebis
dros, umTavresi mniSvneloba mianiWos embrionis sicocxlis
uflebas da yvelanairad ecados daarwmunos qali, SeinarCunos
nayofi. aqedan gamomdinare, cxadia, rom saqarTvelos
kanonmdeblobiT daculia ara marto qalis ufleba, aramed
momavali adamianis uflebac (rogorc ara ZiriTadi, magram
rogorc damatebiTi obieqti). Tumca ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom
ZiriTadi mainc aris qalis uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi, radganac:
a) kanoni saboloo sityvas mainc dedas aniWebs da b) ukanono
abortisas sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis ZiriTadi obieqti aris
qalis sicocxle da janmrTeloba. amdenad, kanoni saTanado
pirobebis arsebobisas qals aniWebs abortis uflebas. winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi, rogorc praqtikam uCvena, ufro rTul situaciaSi
aRmoCndeboda rogorc abortis msurveli qali, aseve saxelmwifo.
kerZod, moimatebda latenturi danaSaulis raodenoba, vinaidan,
miuxedavad samarTlebrivi boWvisa, iarsebebda imis albaToba, rom
qalebi mimarTavdnen TviTnebur xerxs abortis gasakeTeblad, rac
gacilebiT saSiSia qalis janmrTelobisaTvis. Ggarda amisa,
rodesac rTuli socialuri da ekonomikuri pirobebis fonze qals
uwevs Svilis gaCena, xSirad es mTavrdeba axalSobilis
mkvlelobiT (saqarTvelos ssk-is 112-e muxli). dResdReisobiT
Zalze aqtualuria dedis mier Svilis mitoveba an sruli am
sityvis mniSvnelobiT misi ,,gadagdeba“. amitom, rodesac mecnierebi
Tu samedicino muSakebi cdiloben kritikis qarcecxlSi gaataron
abortis gamkeTebeli qalebi, maT unda gaiTvaliswinon, Tu ra
rTul da gamouval Sedegebamde migviyvans abortis
kriminalizaciis sakiTxi...659
yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas,
rom sakmaod problemuri Temaa nayofis xelovnurad moSoreba. mas
iseve, rogorc momxreebi, hyavs mowinaaRmdegeebic. maT Soris
dRemde didi polemika da diskusia mimdinareobs.
6.3. fetusis sicocxlis ufleba, fetusis samarTlebrivi statusi

saerTaSoriso samarTlis mixedviT
,,adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi universaluri saerTaSoriso

samarTlebrivi aqtebiT, romlebsac regionuli aqtebi emyareba,
fetusis sicocxlis ufleba uzrunvelyofili ar aris. adamianis
uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis (1948w.) me-3 muxlis Tanaxmad,
,,yvelas aqvs sicocxlis, Tavisuflebisa da usafrTxoebis ufleba“,
magram masSi fetusis sicocxlis ufleba ar igulisxmeba. am
garemoebas isic adasturebs, rom deklaraciis momzadebis dros,
659
ix. griSikaSvili l., statia, konfliqti qalis Tavisuflebasa da fetusis
189
uaryofil iqna me-3 muxlis iseTi proeqti, romelic
iTvaliswinebda sicocxlis uflebas Casaxvis momentidan.
samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqtze (1996w.)
muSaobis dros, aseve uaryofil iqna idea, rom paqts sicocxlis
ufleba Casaxvis momentidan daecva“.660
1989 wlis 20 noembers gaeros generalurma asambleam miiRo
,,bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia“. ,,konvenciaSi daubadebeli bavSvis
sicocxlis uflebaze konkretuli miTiTeba ar aris, magram misi
debulebis mixedviT, bavSvTa dacvis sakiTxebi moicavs rogorc
dabadebamde, ise dabadebis Semdgom periods“.661 ,,konvenciis
preambulaSi naxsenebia bavSvis dacva dabadebamde, ramac garkveuli
gaurkvevloba gamoiwvia. ,,bavSvs, misi fizikuri da gonebrivi
moumwifeblobis gamo, sWirdeba specialuri dacva da mzrunveloba,
maT Soris saTanado samarTlebrivi dacva, rogorc dabadebamde,
ise dabadebis Semdeg“.662 sayuradReboa, rom konvenciis preambula
ar warmoadgens saxelSekrulebo valdebulebebis oficialur
nawils da igi savaldebulod Sesasruleblad xasiaTs ar atarebs.
Tumca unda iTqvas, rom konvenciis avtorTa mosazreba am sakiTxze
calsaxad gamokveTilia, ramac momavalSi SeiZleba Tavisi asaxva
hpovos Sesabamis kanonmdeblobaSi. rodesac konvenciis muSaobis
periodSi, abortis sawinaaRmdego muxlis SeTavazeba
ganxorcielda, igi uaryves, Sesabamisad, konvencian ver moaxdina
fetusis uflebebis dacva bavSvis uflebebis farglebSi.
konvenciam fetusis dacvis sxva gza airCia imiT, rom
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba mianiWa fexmZime qalis dacvas.663
,,fetusis sicocxlis uflebas gamokveTilad icaven adamianis
uflebaTa amerikuli konvencia (misi me-4 muxli) da adamianisa da
xalxis uflebaTa afrikuli qartia (misi me-4 muxli). am aqtebiT
sicocxlis ufleba daculia Casaxvis momentidan. Tumca aqve unda
aRiniSnos, rom interamerikuli regionuli sistemis sasamarTlo
praqtika ar uzrunvelyofs fetusis sicocxlis absolutur
dacvas“.664 adamianis uflebaTa amerikuli konvencia ,,acxadebs
sicocxlis uflebas yvelasTvis zogadad, Casaxvis momentidan“.665
,,adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis
evropuli konvenciis mixedviT, ,,sicocxlis ufleba“ ar aris
660
dacva erovnul da saerTaSoriso samarTalSi, korkelia k. (red.), Tb., 2002, 257-
258.
661
662
hambargeri T., bavSvebi, ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuli uflebebi,
eide a., krauze k., rosa a. (red.), 418.
663
ix. iqve, 418.
664
665
gamocema, 2005, 294-295.
190
absoluturi. igi uflebaTa im kategorias miekuTvneba, romelic
sxva kanonieri interesebis dasacavad SeiZleba SeizRudos“. 666
,,fetusis uflebis aRiareba gavlenas axdens fexmZime qalis
uflebebze, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-2 muxlis
imgvarad ganmarteba, rom aRiarebul iqnes fetusis sicocxlis
ufleba, iqneba Careva qalis reproduqciul janmrTelobasa da
avtonomiaSi“.667
miuxedavad me-2 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli uflebis
mniSvnelobisa, mainc arsebobs garkveuli bundovani aspeqtebi.
konvencia dums imis Taobaze, Tu rodis iwyeba sicocxle da
SeiZleba Tu ara fexmZimobis Sewyveta. iseve, rogorc evTanazia, es
sakiTxic moicavs socialuri eTikisa da piradi moralis
dapirispirebas. evropuli konvenciis me-2 muxlSi mocemulia
debuleba ,,yoveli adamianis sicocxlis ufleba daculia”. vin
moiazreba sityva yvelaSi? gulisxmobs Tu ara es sityva nayofs,
daubadel bavSvs? aris Tu ara aborti adamianis uflebaTa dacvis
evropuli konvenciis darRveva?
,,sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, vrceldeba Tu ara konvenciis me-2
muxliT daculi sicocxlis ufleba Canasaxis sicocxleze,
wamoiWreba xolme iseT saqmeebSi, romlebic abortis Sesaxeb
kanonmdeblobas exeba. konvencia ar iZleva araviTar gansazRvrebas
imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ra momentidan iwyeba sicocxlis ufleba.
am niSan-Tvisebas iziarebs bevri sxva saerTaSoriso
xelSekrulebac, rac metyvelebs imaze, rom ar arsebobs araviTari
zogadi SeTanxmeba Canasaxis sicocxlis ,,uflebasa“ da abortis
kanonierebaze. es ki Tavis mxriv gulisxmobs imas, rom es sakiTxebi
rCeba adgilobrivi xelisuflebis diskreciis sferoSi, anu
warmoadgens saxelmwifoTa ,,Sefasebis sagans“. TiTqmis ar arsebobs
precedentuli samarTali am kuTxiT erovnuli kanonmdeblobis me-2
muxlTan Sesabamisobis sakiTxze. marTlac, rogorc adamianis
uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom daadgina saqmeSi, vo
safrangeTis winaaRmdeg (Vo v France, 2004 wlis 8 ivlisi), ,,amJamad ar
aris arc sasurveli da arc SesaZlebeli, pasuxi gavceT im
abstraqtul SekiTxvas, aris Tu ara daubadebeli bavSvi adamiani
konvenciis me-2 muxlis miznebisTvis“.668 sasamarTlom ganacxada,
rom daubadebeli bavSvi ar aris ,,piri”, romelic pirdapir
sargeblobs konvenciis me-2 muxlis dacviT da im SemTxvevaSic ki,
Tu daubadebel nayofs aqvs sicocxlis ufleba, igi SezRudulia
dedis uflebebiTa da interesebiT.669 saqme exeboda saeqimo
666
gociriZe e., statia, ,,absoluturi aucilebloba“ _ myari kriteriumi Tu
kompromisuli pirobiToba? (adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-2
muxlis ganmartebisaTvis), korkelia k. (red.), adamianis uflebaTa dacvis
Tanamedrove gamowvevebi, statiaTa krebuli, Tb., 2009, 98.
667
farsadaniSvili n., statia, legalizebuli mkvleloba, konstantine korkelia k.
(red.), adamianis uflebaTa dacvis Tanamedrove gamowvevebi, statiaTa krebuli,
Tb., 2009, 223.
668
sicocxlis ufleba adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis Tanaxmad (me-2
669
ix. The Right To Life Under The European Convention On Human Rights (Article 2), Interights
Manual For Lawyers, 2008, 8.
191
Secdomas, roca 1991 wels konsultaciisTvis misuli safrangeTis
moqalaqe, warmoSobiT vietnameli vo eqims sxva pacientSi aeria.
franguli enis arcodnis gamo, vom komunikacia ver daamyara
eqimTan dasmul kiTxvaze ver upasuxa. eqimma ivarauda, rom
pacients kontraceptivis _ spiralis amoReba surda. eqimis
daudevrobis Sedegad vos 6 Tvis progresirebadi orsuloba
xelovnurad iqna Sewyvetili da sicocxlisunariani, janmrTeli
Canasaxi daiRupa. eqimis mimarT aRiZra sisxlis samarTlis saqme
Canasaxis gaufrTxileblobiT mkvlelobisa da dedis
janmrTelobisaTvis gaufrTxileblobiT zianis miyenebisTvis.
safrangeTis sakasacio sasamarTlom daadgina, rom, vinaidan
safrangeTSi orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyveta nebadarTuli iyo,
nayofi ar SeiZleboda miCneuliyo gaufrTxileblobiT mkvlelobis
msxverplad.670 adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTloSi
mocemul saqmeze ,,ganmcxadebeli Cioda, rom ar arsebobda
sisxlissamarTlebrivi sasjeli samedicino personalis
gaufrTxileblobiT fexmZimobis aranebayoflobiTi SewyvetisTvis.
am saqmeSi ganmcxadebeli iZulebuli iyo gaekeTebina Terapiuli
aborti samedicino Secdomis gamo. ivaraudeboda, rom misi
daubadebeli Svili sicocxlisuunaro iqneboda. Tumca
safrangeTis kanonmdebloba ar iZleoda gaufrTxileblobiT
mkvlelobisTvis eqimTa sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis
SesaZleblobas, vinaidan, aseT SemTxvevebSi, Canasaxi ar miiCneoda
potenciur msxverplad. ganmcxadeblis saCivarma wamoWra kiTxva:
warmoadgenda Tu ara Canasaxis gaufrTxileblobiT ganadgurebis
sisxlissamarTlebrivi wesiT dausjeloba saxelmwifos mier
sicocxlis uflebis sakanonmdeblo doneze dacvis valdebulebis
darRvevas. sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom ,,sakiTxi ar gadawyvetila
TviTon xelSemkvreli saxelmwifoebis umravlesobaSi... da ar
arsebobs konsesusi evropis qveynebs Soris sicocxlis dasawyisis
mecnieruli da samarTlebrivi gansazRvrebis Sesaxeb“. Tumca,
sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom ,,Canasaxis sicocxle ganuyofladaa
dakavSirebuli dedis sicocxlesTan da SesaZloa am ukanasknelis
meSveobiT iyos daculi“. sasamarTlom aseve daadastura
saxelmwifoebis pozitiuri valdebuleba, uzrunvelyon saTanado
regulaciebis arseboba pacientTa sicocxlis dasacavad da
efeqturi samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebis arseboba damnaSave
pirTa pasuxisgebaSi misacemad. meore mxriv, sasamarTlom miiCnia,
rom saamisod aucilebeli ar iyo sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis
saSualebis arseboba pacientTa gaufrTxileblobiT daRupvis
dros da rom am valdebulebas igivenairad akmayofilebda
samoqalaqo, samarTlebrivi an Tundac disciplinuri zomebi. am
viTarebaSi me-2 muxlis darRveva ar dadginda, vinaidan erovnuli
samarTali iZleoda zianis anazRaurebis SesaZleblobas da
ganmcxadebelma ar isargebla am SesaZleblobiT“.671 ,,amdenad,
sasamarTlom kidev erTxel Tqva uari SesaZleblobaze mkveTrad
670
ix. www.moznostvolby.sk/eslp.htm, 14.12.2011.
671
192
gamoexata azri konvenciis mixedviT Canasaxis samarTlebrivi
statusis Sesaxeb, rac mizanSewonili da sasurvelic iqneboda“.672
,,moicavs Tu ara termini ,,yvela“ daubadebel Canasaxs, iribad
wamoiWreba zogierT saqmeSi, magaliTad, iseTSi rogoricaa oufen
dor (Ria kari) da dablin vel vimen irlandiis winaaRmdeg (Open
Door and Dublin Well Woman v Ireland, 1992w.), romelic exeboda abortTan
dakavSirebuli informaciis miRebisa da gavrcelebis uflebas, rac
Sedis konvenciis me-10 muxliT daculi gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis
sferoSi. am saqmeSi sasamarTlom uari Tqva daedgina, rom
gamoxatvis Tavisuflebaze dawesebuli SezRudvebi gamarTlebuli
iyo ,,sxvaTa uflebebis“ dacvis motiviT“.673 saqmeSi brugermani da
Soiteni germaniis winaaRmdeg (Brüggemann and Scheuten v Germany, 1976w.)
adamianis uflebaTa evropulma komisiam daadgina, rom piradi
cxovrebis pativiscema ar unda yofiliyo ganmartebuli ise,
TiTqos fexmZimoba an misi Sewyveta mxolod dedis piradi
cxovrebis Semadgeneli sakiTxi iyos.674
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli komisiis mier ,,jer arcerT
saqmeSi ar ganxilula sakiTxi: xelyofs Tu ara abortis gakeTebis
SezRudva, Tundac im SemTxvevebSi roca qalis sicocxles an
janmrTeloba riskis qveS dgas, qalis uflebebs“.675
rig saqmeebSi ganmcxadeblebi pirdapir apelirebdnen me-2
muxlis darRvevaze. yoveli maTgani exeboda momavali mamebis davas
abortTan dakavSirebiT zedmetad liberaluri kanonmdeblobis
Sesaxeb. es mamebi aprotestebdnen dedis absolutur uflebas
nayofze da miaCndaT, rom abortis gakeTebis gadawyvetilebis
miRebis dros, maTi nebac unda yofiliyo gaTvaliswinebuli, magram
arcerTi moTxovna ar dakmayofilda, vinaidan komisia uciloblad
uTiTebda ,,Tavisufali Sefasebis farglebze“. saqmeSi X
gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg (X v United Kingdom, 1980w.) komisiam
daadgina, rom Canasaxs ar hqonda me-2 muxliT daculi sicocxlis
absoluturi ufleba, imsjela ra, rom ,,Canasaxis sicocxle
ganuyofladaa dakavSirebuli fexmZime qalis sicocxlesTan da ar
SeiZleba misgan gancalkevebiT ganvixiloT. Tuki CavTvlidiT, rom
me-2 muxli vrceldeba Canasaxze da mis mier garantirebuli dacva
raime calsaxa SezRudvis ararsebobis pirobebSi aris
absoluturi, aborti unda miCneuliyo akrZalulad maSinac ki,
Tuki fexmZimobis gagrZeleba safrTxes uqmnis fexmZime qalis
sicocxles. es ki Tavis mxriv migviyvanda daskvnamde, rom Canasaxis
,,daubadebeli sicocxle“ ufro maRali Rirebulebis mqonea, vidre
fexmZime qalis sicocxle“. komisia miiCnevs, rom amgvari
interpretacia konvenciis miznebsa da amocanebs ewinaaRmdegeba. 676
komisiam ganacxada, rom fetusis sicocxle mWidrod aris
672
Pichon J., Does the Unborn Child Have a right to Life? The Insufficient Answer of the European Curt
of Human Rights in the Judgment Vo v. France, German Law Journal, Vol. 7, 2006, 444.
673
muxli), saxelmZRvanelo iuristebisTvis, Tb., 2009, 24.
674
ix. iqve, 24.
675
iqve, 24.
676
ix. iqve, 24-25.
193
dakavSirebuli orsuli qalis uflebebTan da ar SeiZleba misi
calke ganxilva.677
,,Tumca, saqmeSi h. norvegiis winaaRmdeg (H. v Norway, 1992w.)
komisiam ganacxada, rom garkveul SemTxvevebSi me-2 muxli SeiZleba
gamoyenebuliyo CanasaxTan mimarTebaSi. komisia miiCnevs, rom igi ar
aris valdebuli imsjelos imaze, sargeblobs Tu ara Canasaxi me-2
muxliT garantirebuli dacviT... magram ar gamoricxavs, rom
zogierT SemTxvevaSi es swored ase SeiZleba iyos miuxedavad im
azrTa sxvadasxvaobisa, rac xelSemkvrel saxelmwifoebSi arsebobs
imasTan dakavSirebiT, icavs Tu ara me-2 muxli daubadebel
sicocxles“.678
igive pozicia daiWira sasamarTlom saqmeSi boso italiis
winaaRmdeg (Boso v Italy, 2002w.), man kidev erTxel aarida Tavi
pirdapiri pasuxis gacemas da Riad datova sakiTxi, unda
isargeblos Tu ara fetusma konvenciis me-2 muxliT, Tumca
aRniSnuli konvencia ar gamoricxavs imis SesaZleblobas, rom
calkeul viTarebaSi‚ konkretuli faqtobrivi garemoebebis
arsebobisas me-2 muxliT garantirebuli ufleba SesaZloa
gavrceldes jer kidev daubadebel bavSvzec.679
is faqti, rom sasamarTlo arc erT SemTxvevaSi ar asaxelebs
garemoebas/garemoebebs, romlis arsebobis SemTxvevaSic
SesaZlebeli iqneboda konvenciis me-2 muxlis fetusis sicocxlis
dasacavad gamoyeneba, metyvelebs, rom jer-jerobiT Tanamedrove
msoflio mzad ar aris fetusis dasacavad qmediTi nabijebi
gadadgas.
igive pozicia aqvT evropul sasamarTlosa da evropul
komisias. evropulma sasamarTlom da evropulma komisiam miiCnies,
rom evropuli konvenciis me-8 muxlis miznebidan gamomdinare,
abortis regulacia, iqneba Careva qalis pirad cxovrebaSi.
,,adamianis uflebaTa evropuli komisiis sityvebiT, ar arsebobs
sicocxlis absoluturi ufleba misi Casaxvis dRidan“.680 abortTan
dakavSirebul erT-erT adreul saqmeSi, romelic aRmoCnda
evropuli komisiis winaSe, ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom
germaniis federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlos
gadawyvetileba, romelic Seexeboda fexmZimobis 12 kviris Semdeg
abortis gakeTebis danaSaulebrivad aRiarebis Sesaxeb kanons,
arRvevda evropuli konvenciis me-8 muxls. komisia gancxadebas
daeTanxma da daadgina, rom xsenebuli kanoni arRvevda qalis
pirad interesebs. komisiis mier aRniSnuli dadgenamde
umravlesoba mxars uWerda mas, vinaidan miiCnevda, rom
arasasurveli fexmZimobis xelovnurad Sesawyvetad dawesebuli
677
Manual For Lawyers, 2008, 7-8.
678
muxli), saxelmZRvanelo iuristebisTvis, Tb., 2009, 25.
679
Manual For Lawyers, 2008, 8.
680
gamocema, 2005, 295.
194
yvela SezRudva ar iyo Careva qalis pirad cxovrebaSi, evropuli
konvenciis me-8 muxlTan mimarTebiT. saboloo gadawyvetilebis
miRebamde, imasTan dakavSirebiT, germaniis kanoni arRvevda Tu ara
me-8 muxls, komisiam Seiswavla kanonis konkretuli muxlebi, maT
Soris isini, romlebic abortis nebas rTavda im SemTxvevebSi,
rodesac qalis sicocxles safrTxe emuqreboda. komisiis
mosazrebiT, abortis absoluturi akrZalva yovlad dauSvebeli
Carevaa pirad uflebebSi, me-8 muxlis miznebidan gamomdinare.
evropulma komisiam da sasamarTlom aRiares fexmZime qalis
ufleba abortze, me-8 muxlidan gamomdinare.681
evropulma komisiam da sasamarTlom did britaneTSi,
norvegiasa da italiaSi abortis saqmis ganxilvaze ganacxada, rom
fetusis bedis ganmsazRvreli dedaa da sxvas, Tundac mamas, arა
aqvs kanonieri ufleba, qals abortis gakeTeba aukrZalos. samive
SemTxvevaSi saqme Seicavs mamis mtkicebas imasTan dakavSirebiT,
rom me-8 muxli icavda aseve mis pirad uflebas fetusTan
dakavSirebiT, rodesac cols surda fexmZimobis Sewyveta. komisiam
uaryo es mtkiceba da daadgina: ,,piradi cxovrebis pativiscema
fexmZime qalisa, romelzec uSualod aris damokidebuli
fexmZimobis gagrZeleba an Sewyveta, ufro maRla mdgomia, vidre
mamis nebismieri ufleba.”682
rogorc aRiniSna, evropuli komisiisa da evropuli
sasamarTlos praqtika aRiarebs fexmZime qalis uflebas, Sewyvitos
orsuloba, Tu is zians ayenebs mis sicocxles an janmrTelobas.
komisiam daadgina, rom fetusis sicocxlis ufleba ganuyofladaa
dakavSirebuli fexmZime qalis sicocxlesTan da, rom fexmZime
qalis sicocxle da janmrTeloba ufro maRla dgas, vidre
fetusisa.
,,aqve unda gavixsenoT msoflio samedicino organizaciis
Jenevis deklaracia (1948w.), romelic eqimis ficis Tanamedrove
variantad aris miCneuli. Tu hipokrates ficSi naTqvamia: àr mivce
arc erT qals muclis mosaSleli pesariumi”, Jenevis deklaracia
hipokrates ficisgan gansxvavebiT, akonkretebs, Tu ratom ar unda
misces eqimma qals `muclis mosaSleli pesariumi”, anu azustebs,
Tu vis mimarT arsebobs dacvis valdebuleba, ganamtkicebs ra
Teziss: `pativi eci adamianis sicocxles misi CasaxvisTanave”,683 e.
i. sicocxlis sawyisad is ara dabadebis, aramed Casaxvis moments
acxadebs.
fetusis sicocxlis uflebas ,,mTeli rigi qveynebisa
samarTlebrivi berketebiT icavs. 1989 wlis 20 noembers gaeros
generalurma asambleam miiRo ,,bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia“,
romlis preambulis me-9 abzacSi naTqvamia: ,,viTvaliswinebT ra
bavSvis uflebaTa deklaraciaSi aRniSnuls, bavSvi, misi fizikuri
da gonebrivi moumwifeblobis gamo, saWiroebs specialur dacvasa
da zrunvas, rogorc dabadebamde, aseve dabadebis Semdgom
681
ix. www. moznostvolby.sk/the laws of member states of the council of europe/bruggemann and
scheuten/comm/ehrr, 04.11.2010.
682
www. moznostvolby.sk/right to life and security of the person/dvr, 04.11.2010.
683
iqve.
195
periodSi“. aRniSnulma definiciam didi debatebi gamoiwvia
delegatTa Soris. konvenciis 1-li muxlis Sesabamisad ,,bavSvi“
gulisxmobs 18 wels miuRwevel pirs, aqedan gamomdinare
saxelmwifoebs SeuZliaT gansazRvron, rom bavSvobis periodi
iwyeba ara dabadebis, aramed Casaxvis momentidan. Tumca, rogorc
samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqtis
daTqmaSia aRniSnuli, saxelmwifos ar SeuZlia Casaxvis momentis
gansazvra da aqedan gamomdinare ar SeuZlia daiwyos fetusis
sicocxlis dacva“.684
SesaZloa sworic iyo mosazreba, rom fetuss bavSvis statusi
muclad yofnis dros ar mieniWos, Tumca faqtia, rom dabadebamde
fetusi arsebobs, rogorc damoukidebeli sicocxle, ara
sazogadoebaSi, aramed dedis sxeulSi. mimaCnia, rom Tuki fetuss
bavSvis statusi ar mieniWeba, amiT mas araviTari ziani ar miadgeba,
vinaidan igi ukve sargeblobs ori statusiT _ fetusi da embrioni.
umTavresi is aris, rom misi dacva dedis sxeulSive moxdes.
Tuki mxolod Casaxvis momentis gansazRvraa problema,
gamodis, rom mas Semdeg, rac igi ganisazRvreba, fetusi iseve
iqneba daculi rogorc dabadebuli bavSvi? mimaCnia, rom
aRniSnuli ver ganxorcieldeba, vinaidan fetusi dabadebamde ar
aris sazogadoebis wevri da mas kanoni ver daicavs zustad ise,
rogorc ukve dabadebuls.
saerTaSoriso organizaciebi da qveynebi unda SeTanxmdnen,
Tu rogor daicvan fetusis sicocxlisa da normaluri
ganviTarebis ufleba efeqturad ise, rom qalis piradi interesebi
naklebad Seilaxos. amasTan, unda moxdes qalTa ufaso
konsultacia da kontracefcia, raTa xelmokle qalbic daculni
iyon arasasurveli orsulobisgan, raTa usaxsroba ar gaxdes maTi
kontracefciaze uaris Tqmis, arasasurveli orsulobisa da
abortis gakeTebis mizezi.
6.4. orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyvetis safuZvlebi

da Sedegebi
orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyvetis dasaSvebobis safuZvlebi

sxvadasxva qveyanaSi gansxvavebulia. yvelaze ufro xSirad
orsulobis Sewyvetis samarTlebrivi safuZvelia samedicino da
socialuri Cvenebebi. samedicino CvenebaSi igulisxmeba SemTxveva,
rodesac orsuloba saSiSia qalis sicocxlisa da
janmrTelobisTvis, roca aucilebelia orsulobis Sewyveta qalis
sicocxlisa janmrTelobisTvis seriozuli safrTxis Tavidan
asacileblad. socialuri Cvenebis mixedviT, orsulobis Sewyvetis
survili ganpirobebulia nayofis mSoblebis mZime ekonomiuri
684
196
mdgomareobiT, rac SeuZlebels xdis Svilis normalur gazrdas
da misi janmrTelobis uzrunvelyofas.685
saqarTvelos kanonis ,,janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb“ 140-e
muxlis me-2 nawili acxadebs, rom ,,Tormet kviraze meti
xangrZlivobis orsulobis SemTxvevaSi, aborti nebadarTulia
mxolod samedicino da socialuri Cvenebebis mixedviT. samedicino
Cvenebebis CamonaTvals adgens saqarTvelos janmrTelobis dacvis
saministro. socialuri Cvenebebi ganisazRvreba saqarTvelos
kanonmdeblobiT“.
saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis
ministris 2007 wlis 28 Tebervlis brZaneba №67/n abortis
samedicino Cvenebad Semdeg daavadebebs acxadebs:
1. infeqciuri da parazituli daavadebebi;
2. axalwarmonaqmnebi;
3. endokrinuli sistemis daavadeba;
4. sisxlisa da sisxlmbadi organoebis daavadeba;
5. fsiqikuri aSlilobani;
6. nerviuli sistemis da mgrZnobelobis organoebis
daavadebebi;
7. sisxlis mimoqcevis sistemis daavadebebi
8. sunTqvis organoebis daavadebebi;
9. saWmlis momnelebeli organoebis daavadebebi;
10. Sardsasqeso organoebis daavadebebi;
11. orsulobis, mSobiarobis da mSobiarobis Semdgomi
periodis garTulebebi;
12. kanisa da kanqveSa ujredisis daavadebebi;
13. ZvalkunTovani sistemis da SemaerTebeli qsovilis
daavadebebi;
14. Tandayolili anomaliebi.686
mocemuli CamonaTvalis qveS, TiToeuli maTgani zustad
gansazRvrul daavadebaTa CamonaTvals Seicavs, romelTa arsebobis
SemTxvevaSic, mdgomareoba miCneulia, rogorc Tormet kviraze meti
xangrZlivobis orsulobis dros, kanonieri abortis samedicino
Cvenebad.
saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis
ministris 2007 wlis 28 Tebervlis brZanebiT №67/n (danarTi #3)
gansazRvrulia Tormet kviraze meti xangrZlivobis orsulobis
xelovnurad Sewyvetis arasamedicino CvenebaTa CamonaTvali,
romelic kavSirSi ar aris samedicino mdgomareobasTan, esenia:
a. orsuloba, sasamarTlos mier dadgenili
gaupatiurebis Sedegad;
b. Tu qalis asaki ar aRwevs 15 wels;
685
ix. kublaSvili k., ZiriTadi uflebebi, gamomc. jisiai, Tb., 2003, 127-128.
686
ix. saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis ministris 2007
wlis 28 Tebervlis brZaneba №67/n, Tormet kviraze meti xangrZlivobis
orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyvetis samedicino Cvenebebis CamonaTvalis
damtkicebis Sesaxeb, saqarTvelos janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis
ministris 2000 wlis 13 martis №30/o brZanebaSi cvlilebebis Setanis Taobaze,
danarTi #1.
197
g. Tu qalis asaki gadacilebulia 45 wels.
,,samedicino da socialuri Cvenebebis arsebobisas, Tundac
Tormet kviraze meti xnis orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyvetis
SemTxvevaSi, gamoiricxeba sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebis
Semadgenlobis da ara marTlwinaaRmdegobis ararsebobis gamo,
vinaidan saqarTvelos ssk-iT ,,ukanonoba“ 133-e muxliT
gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis Semadgenlobis niSania“, 687 xolo
zemoT xsenebuli normatiuli aqtebi iZlevian abortis kanonierad
gakeTebis SesaZleblobebs.
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis didi nakli is aris, rom
arsad ar aris mocemuli abortis socialuri Cvenebis CamonaTvali.
gamodis, rom kanonmdebeli aRiarebs abortis uflebas samedicino
da socialuri Cvenebebis arsebobisas, Tumca arsad ar miuTiTebs,
Tu ra SeiZleba miCneul iqnas socialur Cvenebad, rac
aucileblad gamosasworebelia.
,,aRsaniSnavia, rom zogierT qveyanaSi orsulobis Sewyvetis
damatebiTi safuZvelia agreTve e.w. eTikuri da evgenikuri Cvenebebi.
eTikuri Cveneba niSnavs, rom orsuloba warmoSobilia
danaSaulebrivi Carevis (gaupatiurebis) Sedegad, evgenikuri
Cvenebis dro ki arsebobs avadmyofi, fizikuri an gonebrivi naklis
mqone bavSvis dabadebis saSiSroeba“.688
saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba ar scnobs orsulobis Sewyvetis
eTikur da evgenikur Cvenebebs imgvarad, rom maT calke ar
gamoyofs. eTikuri Cveneba moqceulia orsulobis xelovnurad
Sewyvetis arasamedicino CvenebaTa CamonaTvalSi, xolo evgenikuri
Cveneba abortis samedicino CvenebaTa CamonaTvalSi moisazreba.
,,samwuxarod, dResac arseboben adamianebi, romlebic
miiCneven, rom aborti gacilebiT iolia, vidre arasasurveli
orsulobisgan Tavis dacva“.689
msoflios yvela qveyanaSi qalebi cdiloben Sewyviton
orsuloba, Tuki darwmunebulni arian, rom es erTaderTi
gamosavalia. kvlevis monacemebi miuTiTeben, rom abortis gakeTebis
gadawyvetilebis miReba didad aris damokidebuli tradiciebze,
religiaze, abortis samarTlebriv statusze an samedicino
riskebze. gasuli aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi gaizarda im qveyanaTa
ricxvi, sadac gaazrebul iqna, rom orsulobis xelovnurad
Sewyvetis winaaRmdeg efeqturad SeiZleba iqnas gamoyenebuli
ojaxis dagegmvis Sesaxeb informaciisa da momsaxurebis
SeTavazeba, rac imas gulisxmobs, rom saxelmwifo Tavis Tavze
iRebs valdebulebas, ufaso konsultaciiT uzrunvelyos
dainteresebuli wyvili, an erT-erTi meuRle, indiviluarulad
moaxdinos maTi ojaxuri mdgomareobis Seswavla, Semosavlisa da
xarjebis daTvla da ojaxis suladobis optimaluri variantis
687
cqitiSvili T., statia, ukanono aborti _ ganzrax mkvleloba Tu safrTxis
wigni I, Tb., 2010, 537.
688
689
www.medea.ge/abort.htm, 15.04.2011.
198
SeTavazeba, im sakiTxebis ganxilva, Tu ramdeni Svilis rCenisa da
aRzrdis potenciali aqvs ojaxs da msgavs sakiTxebze
rekomendaciebis micema, aseve ufaso ojaxis fsiqologis
momsaxurebis SeTavazeba, romelic konkretul wyvilze
individualurad imuSavebs wyvilis fsiqologiuri problemebis
gamovlinebisa da winaaRmdegobebis daZlevis mizniT. bevrma qveyanam
aRniSnuli mimarTulebiT Zalian kargi Sedegebi aCvena.690
gansakuTrebiT sagangaSoa abortebis raodenoba e.w.
Tineijeruli asakis mqone gogonebSi. bolo wlebSi msoflios
masStabiT Zalzed gaizarda im mozardTa raodenoba, romlebsac
sqesobrivi aqtis gamocdileba 16 wlamde aqvT. 16 wlamde mozard
gogonaTa naxevars da 19 wels miRweulTa 80%-s sqesobrivi
cxovrebis sakmao gamocdileba aqvT.691
,,uZlieresi stresi, romelsac aborti hqvia, axdens
organizmSi susti wertilebis, qvemwvaved mimdinare daavadebebis
provocirebas da gamovlinebas. adamianis organizmi erTiani
SeTanxmebuli sistemaa, romlis erTi komponentis dazianebac
(abortis dros ki bevri ram ziandeba), aucileblad azianebs sxva
danarCenebsac“.692
,,aborti garTulebebis gareSe ar arsebobs. Zlieri,
janmrTeli adamiani, mtkice fsiqikiT, tkivilis atanis unariTa da
kargi genetikiT maSinve ver grZnobs yvelafers. uaryofiTi
Sedegebi yovelTvis saxezea, ubralod isini SeiZleba gvian
gamovlindes Tanac winaswari Civilebis gareSe – sasurveli
Svilis gaCenis uunarobiT“.693
jandacvis msoflio organizaciis (WHO)694 bolo monacemebiT,
dedaTa sikvdilianobis daaxloebis 1/4, 1/3 ukanono abortis
Sedegad ganviTarebulma garTulebebma gamoiwvia, rac daaxloebiT
150 000 gardacvlils Seadgens. gardacvlilTa didi umravlesoba
im qveynebze modis, sadac kanoni Zalian mkacria abortis
gamkeTeblis mimarT. gamodis, rom kanonmdeblis mxridan represiebi
abortis gakeTebis mimarT, xels ar uSlis abortis gakeTebas,
ufro metic, zrdis ukanono abortiT daRupulTa ricxvs,
aRniSnuli midgoma mxolod usafrTxo abortis winaaRmdeg muSaobs
690
691
ix. Kristin Luker, Dubious Conceptions, the policy of teenage pregnancy,
www.http://books.google.ge/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Vayy1oxHPbAC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=teenage+pre
gnancy&ots=G4u_2_x4DR&sig=mjdFOhCAXOJnAPD_jRjCSPqFqck&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=teen
age%20pregnancy&f=false, 29.04.2011.
692
simarTle abortis da Casaxvis sawinaaRmdego saSualebebis Sesaxeb,
693
iqve,
694
WHO - World Health Organization.
199
da aborts qalTa mTavar mkvlelad aqcevs.695
im qveynebSi, sadac aborti nebadarTulia, abortis Sedegad
sikvdilianoba 100 000 proceduraSi 1 procentze naklebia. es
aixsneba Semdegi faqtorebiT:
 aborts axorcielebs eqimi da ara arakvalificiuri
praqtikosi;
 gamoiyeneba saTanado da aprobirebuli samedicino
aRWurviloba;
 eqimebi daxelovnebulni arian operaciis CatarebaSi;
 momsaxureba qalebisTvis xelmisawvdomia, rac
ganapirobebs qalebis mxridan abortis orsulobis
adreul stadiaze gakeTebas;
 saTanado informaciis miwodeba qalebisTvis, rac maT
operatiulad da adekvaturad moqmedebaSi daexmreba.696
realurad saTanado pirobebis arsebobisas, aborti
imwuTierobis TvalsazrisiT Zalian usafrTxo operaciaa. swored
rom pirobebis dacvis SemTxvevaSia SesaZlebeli abortiT
gardacvlil qalTa ricxvi _ 150 000, Semcirdes 250-mde, rac
niSnavs 5 SemTxvevas milioni operaciidan.697 marTalia, mocemuli
pirobebis arseboba, SesaZloa ganapirobebdes abortis imwuTierad
usafrTxoebas, Tumca ar arsebobs kvleva an raime monacemi,
romelic miuTiTebda, rom kargad da profesionalurad gakeTebuli
aborti usafrTxoa samomavlo Sedegebis TvalsazrisiT. imis
gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu ramdeni fiziologiuri garTuleba Tu
daavadeba SeiZleba gamoiwvios abortma, imis gacxadebis uflebas
gvaZlevs, rom Tavisi SinaarsiT da samedicino CvenebiT, ar
arsebobs garantirebulad usafrTxo aborti, arc imwuTierad da
arc samomavlo Sedegebis TvalsazrisiT.
cxadia, abortis gakeTebis SemTxvevaSi, gacilebiT did
riskTan aris dakavSirebuli misi gakeTeba araprofesionalis mier,
arasaTanado pirobebSi da arasaTanado aRWurvilobiT, Tumca
aRniSnuli abortis propagandas rodi niSnavs. is faqti, rom
kanoni qalebs mainc ver aiZulebs, uari Tqvan ukanono abortze, ar
niSnavs, rom qalTa sikvdilianobis Semcirebis mizniT, kanonma
abortis sruli legalizeba unda moaxdinos. jandacvis msoflio
organizaciis monacemebi samagaliTo unda iyos msoflios im
qalebisTvis, romlebmac ver Seignes, rom aborti mxolod fetusis
mospoba ar aris da Tuki isini mainc gadawyveten abortis
695
696
ix. iqve,
697
ix. iqve,
200
gakeTebas, Canafiqri im fetusis Casaxvis adreul etapze
ganaxorcielon, sanam fetusi sisxlissamarTlebrivi regulirebis
sferoSi moeqceva.
arsebobs mosazreba, rom qalTa sikvdilianoba ukanono
abortis dros gacilebiT didia, vidre kanonieris dros. msgavsi
mosazreba dausabuTebelia, vinaidan realuri suraTi sxvagvaria.
oficialuri monacemis Tanaxmad, 1972 wels aSS-s mTels
teritoriaze ukanono abortis Sedegad mxolod 39 qali daiRupa,
gamodis, rom qveyanaSi ar ganxorcielebula bevri kanonieri
aborti, an yvela kanonieri aborti saocrad usafrTxo iyo.
sinamdvileSi aRniSnul wels legalurad gakeTebuli abortis
Sedegad kidev 25 qali daiRupa, Tumca mocemuli cifrebi sruliad
araseriozulia da miznad problemis realuri suraTis dafarvas
isaxavs.698
abortis dros dafiqsirebuli gardacvalebis faqtebi
mxolod aisbergis mwvervalia. gacilebiT gavrcelebulia
janmrTelobis sxvadasxva seriozuli garTulebebi, maT Soris
mudmivi unayofoba.699
eqimebis praqtikulma dakvirvebebma cxadyo, rom abortTan
asze meti fizikuri garTulebaa dakavSirebuli. maT Soris aris:
infeqcia, sisxldena, saSvilosnos yelisa da sxvadasxva Sinagani
organos dazianeba, saSvilosnos performacia, muclis arisa da
Tavis tkivili, Tavbrusxveva da Trombi. praqtikaSi isic
gamoikveTa, rom rig SemTxvevebSi, dRevandelma e.w. ,,usafrTxo da
legalurma“ abortebma SeiZleba gamoiwvios sikvdili.700
,,nayofi saSvilosnos kedelze placentiTaa mimagrebuli da
misi iZulebiT agleja iwvevs sakmaod Zlier sisxldenas, rac
SeiZleba sicocxlisaTvis saxifaTo aRmoCndes. sisxldena abortis
Semdeg aris niSani sanayofe kvercxis arasruli mocilebisa an
saSvilosnoSi warmoqmnili Wrilobisa“.701
,,embrionis mocilebis Semdeg, saSvilosnoSi aucileblad
Cndeba zedapiruli Wriloba, xolo sisxli saukeTeso area
mikrobTa gamravlebisaTvis. amitom abortis yvelaze ufro xSiri
da saxifaTo garTuleba aris infeqcia da saSvilosnos anTeba –
endometriti. jer mwvave, Semdeg qronikuli. ar aris gamoricxuli
sefsisis ganviTarebac. ra Tqma unda sefsisi SedarebiT iSviaTia,
magram qronikuli endometriti praqtikulad garantirebuli a.
obieqturad Civilebi saerTodac rom ar gqondeT (temperatura,
698
699
ix. iqve,
700
%83%98, 06.12.2011.
701
www.medea.ge/abort.htm, 15.04.2011.
201
tkivili, gamonadeni), nebismieri Wrilobis Sexorceba mudam
anTebaa, xolo abortis dros saSvilosnoSi mikrobebi yovelTvis
xvdebian saSodan. rogori sterilobac ar unda daicvas eqimma,
saSo TavisTavad arasteriluria“.702
rac Seexeba grZelvadian fizikur garTulebebs, am
ukanasknels miekuTvneba: unayofoba, mkvdari bavSvebis dabadeba,
muclis xSiri moSla da naadrevi mSobiaroba, ramac mravali
garTuleba SeiZleba gamoiwvios axalSobilebSi.
xelovnuri aborti Zalzed uaryofiTad moqmedebs qalis
janmrTelobaze, mis fsiqikaze, nervul sistemaze, xSirad iwvevs
garTulebas, sasqeso organoebis anTebas, hormonuli funqciisa da
menstrualuri ciklis moSlas, naadrev siberesa da uSvilobas,
rac zogadi statistikiT, qalis uSvilobis yvela mizezis 30%-s
Seadgena. gansakuTrebiT mavne da sariskoa aborti pirveli
orsulobis dros.703
dRes msoflioSi mosaxleobis 20 procentSi, romlebic
cxovroben 49 qveyanaSi, aborti akrZalulia im SemTxvevebis garda,
rodesac saqme exeba qalis sicocxles. 40 procenti cxovrobs 23
qveyanaSi, sadac aborti legaluria, magram mxolod da mxolod
Sesabamisi socialuri da samedicino Cvenebebis mixedviT.
,,statistikuri monacenebis Tanaxmad, msoflioSi abortebis 93%
keTdeba iseTi mizezebiT, rogoricaa ,,Sobadobis kontroli“,
,,arasasurveli bavSvi“ da a.S., xolo 7% sisxlis aRrevis, dedis
janmrTelobis mkveTri gauaresebisa da gaupatiurebis
SemTxvevebSi“.704 gamodis, rom abortis udidesi umravlesoba
gacilebiT banalur safuZvels emyareba, vidre umciresoba.
sazogadoeba TanagrZnobiT imsWvaleba gaupatiurebis msxverplis
mimarT da garkveulwilad Tvals xuWavs mis mier ZaladobiT
Casaxuli fetusis mokvdinebaze, rac SesaZloa ufro misaRebi da
gasaziarebelia, vidre sxva mizezebi, mag: abortiს gakeTebis
mizezad imis dasaxeleba, rom dedas ukve hyavs ori Svili da
mesamis gazrda mas problemebs Sematebs, sruliad gaumarTleblad
JRers. sqesobrivi aqtis dros, dedis upasuxismgeblobis gamo
(Tavis daucveloba) Casaxuli fetusis bedi isev am dedis xelSia,
romelic igive upasuxismgeblobiTa da sruli gulgrilobiT
iSorebs mas, rogorc usargeblo, gamousadegar da problemebis
momtan sagans. fetusis aRqma, rogorc sagnis, adamianurobis
sawyisis uaryofaa, rac arc sazogadoebam da arc samarTalma ar
unda dauSvas.
702
aborti, Tavisufali qarTulenovani enciklopediidan,
%83%98, 06.12.2011.
703
ix. iqve,
%83%98, 06.12.2011.
704
www.pregnantpause.org/Aida Torres and Jacqueline Darroch Forrest, Why Do Women Have
Abortions?FPP No.4, 13.08.2011.
202
sagulisxmoa, rom mamakacTa umravlesoba mxars uWers da
eTanxmeba qalis gadawyvetilebas abortis gakeTebis Taobaze. 705
isinic fetuss albaT dedis sxeulis nawilad Tvlian da qalis
uariT wyeninebas, ukve Casaxuli Svilis mokvdinebas amjobineben.
aRniSnuli ganpirobebulia imiT, rom mamakacTa udidesma
umravlesobam ar icis, rom fetusi Tavkombala ki ara, aramed
sruliad unikaluri genis matarebeli axalia axamiania.
vinaidan msoflios mraval qveyanaSi ukanono abortebis
ricxvi sakmaod maRalia da miuxedavad kanonis akrZalvisa, qalebi
mainc midian amgvar riskze, rodi niSnavs imas, rom problemis
gadawyveta abortis legalizebis gziT unda moxdes. msoflios
yvela kompetenturma saerTaSoriso organizaciam da qveynis Sida
struqturebma yvelaferi unda iRonon, raTa sazogadoebis
informirebiT, sazogadoebriv azrze zemoqmedebiTa da
samarTlebrivi berketebiT moaxerxon ukanono abortebis ricxvis
maqsimalurad Semcireba. rac Seexeba kanonier abortebs, mimaCnia,
rom fetusi, rogorc adamianis sicocxlis sawyisi, potenciur
adamianad unda iqnas aRiarebuli, Sesabamisad, kanoniT dadgenili
sagamonakliso SemTxvevebis garda (rac mkacrad unda
gakontroldes Sesabamisi samsaxurebis mxridan), aborti dasjadad
unda gamocxaddes da danaSaulis Cadenis SemTxvevaSi unda
daisajos rogorc eqimi, ise fetusis mkvleli deda.
dedis pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi sadavo da problemuria da
masze qcemoT meqneba saubari.
6.5. fetusi _ dedis sxeulis nawili, Tu damoukidebeli

sicocxle, daubadebeli adamiani
erTi mxriv, ,,sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu rodis iwyeba ,,sicocxle“,

aris Tu ara embrioni, fetusi ,,adamiani“ da saerTod, rogoria misi
moraluri da samarTlebrivi statusi, SesaZloa sadavo iyos; meore
mxriv, imis miuxedavad, Tu ra statusi aqvs mas, udavoa, rom igi
imsaxurebs samarTlebriv dacvas“.706
problemis sirTules is ganapirobebs, rom iseve, rogor
evTanaziisas, fetusis moraluri, samarTlebrivi statusis sakiTxi,
erTdroulad ukavSireba biologiur, samedicino, eTikur,
religiur da filosofiur problemebs da amitom zogjer
upirispirdeba dedis uflebebs, maT Soris _ mis sicocxlis
uflebasac.
rodesac abortis kriminalizaciasa da qalis uflebebze
vsaubrobT, unda gaviTvaliswinoT is, rom am sakiTxTan
705
ix. www.guttmacher.org/media/nr/2011/08/29/index.html, August 29, 2011, The world at seven
billion: Helping women achieve their desired damily size is the micro-level solution to a macro-level
challenge, 03.05.2011.
706
Сергей Тасаков, уголовно-право, искусственное прерывание беременности (аборт), уголовно-
правовые аспекты, 2004, 67.
203
mimarTebaSi erTmaneTs ebrZvis iuridiuli, religiuri da
samedicino aspeqtebi. maSin, rodesac kanonmdeblisaTvis aborti
nebadarTuli movlenaa, qristianuli sarwmunoeba sastik codvad
da uRirsobad miiCnevs orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyvetas.
,,iuridiul literaturaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom
adamianis sicocxlis sawyis moments fiziologiuri mSobiarobis
dawyebis procesi warmoadgens”.707 abortis momxreebis SexedulebiT
embrioni, fetusi dedis sxeulis nawilia im dromde, sanam igi ar
daibadeba. ,,evoluciuri TvalTaxedviT adamianis daniSnuleba da
zneobrivi normebi yovelgvar azrs kargavs, radgan gamodis, rom
adamiani nadiria, romelsac, bunebrivia, esaWiroeba ara maRali
idealebi, aramed Cvevebis gawvrTna-gaxedvna”.708 ,,abortebi
rekapitulaciis Teoriis gamoCenamde yvelgan ganixileboda,
rogorc mkvleloba. magram hegelma ,,daamtkica”, rom adamianis
Canasaxi mxolod evolucionirebadi Tevzi an Tavkombalaa, amitom
misi mkvleloba arafers niSnavs. es codna saSinelia Tavisi
masStabebiT da siadviliT. arc erT sakoncentrancio banakebs da
omebs ar wauRia imdeni sicocxle, ramdenic – abortebma”.709 ,,unda
vaRiaroT, rom Casaxvidan garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi,
fetusi adamians ar waagavs. SesaZlebelia, Zneli iyos emociurad
ganewyo im arsebis mimarT, romelic dabadebul bavSvs ar
gvagonebs“710, Tumca 21-e saukuneSi sakmarisad bevri informacia
arsebobs imis sacodnelad, rom dedam gaiazros, rom mis sxeulSi
axali adamiani izrdeba da fetusi misi organizmis erTi
Cveulebrivi nawili, organo ar aris. faqtia, rom fetusi mxolod
garkveuli droiT (9 TviT) rCeba dedis sxeulSi da sxeulis sxva
organoebisgan gansxvavebiT, igi Cndeba, viTardeba, icvleba,
izrdeba, dedis sxeuls tovebs da am momentidan damoukideblad
agrZelebs arsebobas. Sesabamisad, imis mtkiceba, rom fetusi
mxolod dedis sxeulis ubralo nawilia, araa safuZvliani.
,,1979 wels eTikis mrCevelTa sabWos mier aSS-Si
SemoTavazebul iqna embrionis adamianis individumad aRiarebis 14
dRiani periodi. sabWom daasabuTa faqtiT, rom swored me-14 dRe
Seesabameba nayofis saSvilosnoSi implantaciis dros“.711
1984 wels ueleris komisiam avstraliaSi gaimeora: ara umetes
14 dRisa, radgan am stadiis Semdeg formirdeba pirveladi xazi da
gamokveTili xdeba embrionis diferenciacia. Maklarenma, uornokis
komitetis wevrma Tavis statiaSi daamtkica: momenti, romelSic
SeiZleba vilaparakoT axal individumze mTeli sisruliT,
707
kvaWaZe m., adamianis uflebaTa dacvis sakiTxebi Tanamedrove medicinaSi
(saerTaSoriso-samarTlebrivi da Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi samarTlis aspeqtebi),
avtoreferati iuridiul mecnierebaTa doqtoris xarisxis mosapoveblad, Tb.,
1999, 21.
708
709
iqve,
710
www.abort73.com/abortion/prenatal_development, 18.07.2011.
711
204
ekuTvnis embrionis formirebis pirveladi xazis stadias.
pirveladi xazis warmoqmna unda CavTvaloT imis mtkicebulebad,
rom embrionis formirebisTvis daniSnuli ujredebi
diferencirdebian ujredebisagan, romlebic warmoqmnian
placentur da damcav qsovilebs.712
,,maklarenis Tanaxmad, embrionis ganviTarebis pirveli 14 dRe
,,momzadebis periodia, romlis drosac formirdeba yvela damcavi
da mkvebavi sistema, aucilebeli embrionis Semdgomi sicocxlis
uzrunvelyofisTvis da mxolod roca awyobilia uzrunveyofis
sistemebi, embrions SeuZlia ganviTardes, rogorc individualuri
yofieri“.713
zogierTi avtoris azriT, adamianis individualuri
sicocxle iwyeba implantaciis momentidan. ganayofierebuli
kvercxujredis implantacia xdeba me-6 da me-7 dReebs Soris da
mTavrdeba me-9 dRes: me-14 dRes ukve warmoiqmneba endometriumis
garsi implantirebuli embrionis irgvliv. Aamitom avtorebis
azriT adamianis sicocxle iwyeba Casaxvidan mxolod me-6 dRes.
zogierTebi ki embrionis ganviTarebis safuZvlad Tvlian
nervuli sistemis formirebas da tvinis muSaobis dawyebas: anu
adamianis sicocxle unda ganvixiloT tvinis muSaobis dawyebidan
saSvilosnoSi (orsulobis me-8 kviraSi) da tvinis sikvdilamde
SualedSi.714
,,am avtorebis azriT, CasaxvisTanave nayofs statusi da
adamianis pirovnuli Rirseba ar gaaCnia. am SemTxvevaSi saubaria
adamianis pirovnulobaze mxolod potenciaSi, an adamianis yofis
SesaZleblobaze, romelsac jer ara aqvs miniWebuli adamianuri
ganviTarebuli Segneba. sxvebisTvis gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs im
faqts, rom ,,am potenciur” adamianur qmnilebas jer ara aqvs
goneba anu mas ara aqvs unari Tavisufali, mizanmimarTuli
moqmedebisken da ar SeuZlia Tavis gamoxatva azrebiTa da
metyvelebiT: maTi azriT ,,imas, rasac ar gaaCnia TviTSegneba ar
SeuZlia igrZnos Tavisi ganadgureba, amitom ar SeuZlia tanjva
roca mas anadgureben, radgan tanjvisTvis aucilebelia
sicocxlis faseulobis gansazRvra, misi dapirispireba
,,usicocxlobasTan” da amitom ar aris saWiro gancda, roca misi
Tavidan mocilebaa aucilebeli”.715
zemoaRniSnuli mosazreba upasuxismgeblo da zerele
mimaCnia. tkivilis SegrZnebas TviTSegneba ar sWirdeba. TviTSegneba
gonebasust adamiansac ar aqvs, Tumca mas tkivilis unari da
gancda gaaCnia. abortisas embrioni yvelanairad cdilobs, gaeqces
samedicino instruments, pirs aRebs da uxmod yviris, rac imis
dasturia, rom fetusi mosalodnel safrTxes grZnobs, an
ubralod ufrTxis misTvis ucxo obieqts (samedicino instruments),
yvelanairad cdilobs Tavis gadarCenas, zustad imgvarad aRebs
pirs, rogorc dabadebuli adamiani yvirilis dros. imaT, visac
712
ix. nebieriZe n., dasax. statia, 42.
713
iqve, 42.
714
ix. iqve, 42.
715
iqve, 43.
205
aRniSnulSi eWvi epareboda, yvelanairi eWvi gaufanta bernard
naTansonis filmma ,,uxmo yvirili”716. igi iziarebda Sexedulebas
imis Taobaze, rom ganayofierebis momentidan axali sicocxle
warmoiSoba. man Seiswavla embrionis sicocxle da gamoarkvia, Tu
rodis iwyebs is arsebobas. man gamoiyena iseTi samedicino
teqnikuri saSualebebi, rogorebicaa: ultrabgera, embrioskopia,
embrionis gulis eleqtronuli monitoringi, histeroskopia,
radiobiologia da sxva. gamokvlevebi asabuTebs, rom Canasaxi
damoukidebeli adamiania da es mecnieruli WeSmaritebaa.717
,,mravali mecnieri, romlebic Tavdapirvelad abortis
momxreni iyvnen, TandaTanobiT, xangrZlivi gamokvlevebis Sedegad,
mividnen in daskvnamde, rom Casaxuli bavSvi aris cocxali arseba,
Cveulebrivi adamiani, xolo aborti _ adamianis mkvleloba. aseT
mecnierTa ricxvs miekuTvneba cnobili amerikeli mean-ginekologi,
doqtori bernard naTansoni. swored man gadaiRo msoflioSi
sayovelTaod cnobili filmi ,,uxmo yvirili“718, sadac
dafiqsirebulia kadrebi, romlebic savsebiT adastureben
embrionis sicocxlisunarianobas“.719 filmSi aRbeWdilia 12 kviris
fetusis mdgomareoba abortis dros. ,,filmSi abortis procesia
gadaRebuli. masSi aSkarad Cans, rogor cdilobs Canasaxi, ukve
savsebiT Camoyalibebuli, oRond jer dedis saSoSi myofi pawawina
adamiani, aicilos mis mosaklavad momarTuli iaraRi“. 720 filmis
msvlelobisas eqimi naTansoni acxadebs, rom abortis dawyebamde
nayofi mSvidad grZnobda Tavs, abortis procesis dawyebis
momentidan ki fetusma swrafi moZraoba daiwyo, gulis cema
auCqarda 140-dan 200-mde, nayofi farTod aRebda pirs da uxmod
yviroda. es yvelaferi sruliad saocari da moulodneli movlena
iyo misTvis da ramac igi daarwmuna, rom fetusi grZnobs da
ganicdis aborts. filmis dasrulebisas b. naTansoni acxadebs, rom
abortis msxverpli aris ara marto nayofi, aramed dedac, vinaidan
qalebisTvis jer aravis uCvenebia realuri faqtebi, Tu ras niSnavs
sinamdvileSi aborti. amitom igi acxadebs, rom misi filmi da
msgavsi filmebi savaldebulo wesiT unda aCvenon yvela qals,
vidre isini aborts gaikeTebs, raTa zustad icodnen, Tu risTvis
imeteben daubadebel Svils.721
,,engelgardi Tvlis, rom: yvela adamianuri arseba ar aris
pirovneba. gamodis, rom Canasaxi, Cvili, gonebrivad CamorCenilebi
da isini vinc komaSi imyofebian, arian magaliTi ara pirovnuli
adamianebisa. es arsebebi arian adamianuri modgmis wevrebi, magram
716
filmis oficialuri saxelwodebaa ,,Silent Scream“ da mas TargmanSi ixsenieben
Semdegnairad _ uxmo yvirili, Cumi yvirili, mdumare yvirili.
717
ix. WeliZe l., sicocxlis ufleba fetusisTvis, krebulSi: adamianis uflebaTa
718
filmis sruli versia ix. www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4gQ6Yug4Js.
719
720
721
ix. iqve,
206
ara aqvT statusi zneobriv sazogadoebaSi, isini ar monawileoben
zneobriv aqtebSi”.722
adamiani, iqneba igi gonebrivad da fizikurad ganviTarebuli
Tu ganuviTarebeli, dedis sxeulSi myofi Tu sazogadoebis wevri,
mainc adamiania. umweo adamianebs, romelTac SeiZleba sxvadasxva
terminologiiT ixseniebdnen, mag: fetusi, gonebrivad CamorCenili,
komaSi myofi Tu sxva, iseTive ufleba aqvT arsebobaze, rogorc
srulyofilad ganviTarebulT da maTi SedarebiT umweo
mdgomareoba srulebiTac ar niSnavs imas, rom saxelmwifom da
sazogadoebam isini ar unda daicvas, piriqiT, swored msgavs
adamianebs sWirdebaT gansakuTrebuli zrunva, raTa maT Tavi
daCagrulad da usargeblod ar igrZnon. Segneba, zrunva da
pativiscema _ es is Tvisebebia, romlebic adamians gaaCnia, riTac
gansxvavdeba cxovelisgan da rac swored SedarebiT umweo
adamianebTan urTierTobaSi unda gamoviyenoT.
p. singeri Tvlis, rom pirovneba aris mxolod is, vinc
flobs TviTSegnebas, TviTkontrols, warsulis da momavlis
SegrZnebas, sxvebTan urTierTobaSi Sesvlis unars. Tu sicocxlis
faseuloba damokidebulia pirovnulobis arsebobaze, uari unda
vTqvaT Teoriaze, romlis Tanaxmadac, Cveni saxeobis sicocxle
ufro metad faseulia vidre sxva saxeobebis sicocxle. amitom
magaliTad: Simpanzes mokvla ufro did danaSaulad iTvleba,
vidre arasrulfasovani adamianuri arsebisa, romelic pirovnebas
ar warmoadgens.723
,,adgili aqvs aseve mosazrebebs, romlebsac subieqturobis
gageba ukiduresobamde mihyavT da amaxinjeben kidec mas, uflebebis
mflobelad aRiareben mxolod mas, visac aqvs sruli an Tundac
CasxviTi damoukidebloba. aqve unda gavixsenoT garkveuli saxis
mosazrebebi, romlebic aigiveben pirovnul Rirsebas sxvebTan
pirdapiri urTierTobis unarTan enis saSualebiT. ცxadia, aseT
pirobebSi samyaroSi ar moiZebneba adgili maTTvis, _ rogorebic
arian jerarSobili bavSvi an momakvdavi – vinc struqturulad
susti adamiania, yru-munjebi, sruliad mindobili garSemomyofTa
mowyalebaze, mTlianad maTze damokidebuli da urTierToba
SeuZliaT mxolod emociaTa Rrma simbiozis uxmo enaze. es aris
adamianTa Soris urTierTobebSi da socialur cxovrebaSi
arCevanisa da qcevis kრiteriumis ganmsazRvreli Zala, magram es
pirdapir ewinaaRmdegeba imas, riskenac istoriis monZilze
iswrafoda samarTlerbivi saxelmwifo rogorc sakrebulo, სadac
,,Zalis mizezebi” icvleba ,,gonierebis Zalaze”.724
,,mxolod biologiur monacemebze dayrdnobiT ver SevZlebT
dabejiTebiT mtkicebas, rom embrioni aris adamianuri pirovneba,
imitom, rom msgavsis mtkiceba moicavs Tvalsazriss sulze,
STaberils adamianis sxeulSi. es monacemebi unda Seivsos
722
723ix. iqve, 43.
724
iqve, 43-44.
207
adamianis anTropologiuri arsis gagebiT-subieqti sxeuliT an
gasuleirebuli sxeuli”.725
pirovnuloba namdvilad gamovlindeba adamianebTan Tavisi
urTierTobisa da kontaqtis meSveobiT, magram es srulebiT ar
niSnavs imas, rom swored es gamovlinebebi TavisTavad Seadgenen
adamianis pirovnebas. am SemTxvevaSi, ar moeTxoveba, rom
urTierToba aucileblad gamovlindes qmediTi aqtiurobis faqtis
aqtiT, sakmarisia, rom is iyos sxva pirebTan urTierTobis
SesaZleblobis saxiT, rogorc mag: mZinare adamianis SemTxvevaSi an
misi, vinc komatozur mdgomareobaSia, misgan gamosvlis
SesaZleblobis unaris SemTxvevaSi an bavSvis, romelsac jer ar
uswavlia laparaki.726 dabadebiT yru-munjebi da sxva fizikuri
naklis mqoneni, romelTa gankurnebis SesaZlebloba ar arsebobs,
iseTive adamianebi arian, rogorc fizikuri naklis armqoneni da
isinic imsaxureben samarTlebriv dacvas.
,,sxeuli aris Zalzed mniSvnelovani piroba samyaroSi
cxovrebisTvis. Tanamedrove anTropologiuri filosofia mkafio
formulirebas akeTebs _ ,,pirovneba sxeuliT”. marTlac ar
arsebobs adamiani, romelic ar iqneboda erTdroulad ,,me” sxeuli
da ,,me”-sulieri. is warmoadgens erTian da ganuyofel adamianur
arsebas.”727
,,swored es gageba ,,pirovneba sxeuliT”, anu ganuyofeli
erTianoba adamianis sulisa da sxeulis, gvaiZulebs vaRiaroT, rom
adamianis sxeulis sferos dasawyisi niSnavs Tavad adamianur
pirovnebis dasawyiss. embrions, rogorc adamianur individs aqvs
adamianuri pirovnebis Rirseba da masTan damokidebulebac
Sesatyvisi unda iyos. magram, rogor SeiZleba davamtkicoT rom
embrioni adamianuri pirovnebaa?”.728
adamianur pirovnebaSi igulisxmeba yvelaferi is, rac
axasiaTebs adamians sxva arsebebisagan gansxvavebiT da aris misi
samarTlebrivi statusis wyaro, magram ara abstraqturuli
gagebiT, aramed calke aRebuli konkretuli adamianis uflebebTan
mimarTebaSi.
Tu embrionis ganviTarebaSi vxedavT dayofas biologiur
cxovrebasa (romelic iwyeba zigotiT) da adamianur cxovrebas
Soris (romelic iwyeba me-14 dRes an ufro gvian), Cven miviRebT
pirovnuli ,,me”-s misi sxeulisagan gamoyofas. es ewinaaRmdegeba
Tavad adamianis sicocxlis arsis logikas (romelSic sxeulis
sfero aris ,,me-s Semadgeneli nawili).
,,imisaTvis, rom arsebobdes sulieri sfero aucilebeli ar
aris lodini, roca adamianis yvela organuli SesaZlelobebi
miaRweven srul ganviTarebas, amis damamtkicebelia is, rom goneba
da neba, adamianis sulis es specifikuri niSnebi vlindeba bevrad
ufro gvian Tavad dabadebis momentidan, roca aravis ar epareba
eWvi axalSobil bavSvSi sulis arsebobaSi. genetikuri ganviTareba
725
nebieriZe n., dasax. statia, 44.
726
ix. iqve, 44.
727
iqve, 44.
728
iqve, 44-45.
208
ar axdens cvlilebebs Tavad embrionSi, aramed TandaTanobiT
cvlilebebs axdens im unarebSi, romlebic mas Tavidanve hqonda
miniWebuli”.729
,,filosofiuri SexedulebiT, adamianuri pirovnebis yvela
Rirseba, rogorc individisa, ontologiurad aris embrionSi misi
Casaxvis momentidan. marto is faqti, rom ontologiuri
egzistencialuri realoba mimdinareobs TandaTan adamianis mTeli
cxovrebis manZilze, ar gvaZlevs imis fiqris uflebas, rom
,,Semdeg” ar aris da ar gamomdinareobs axlandelidan”.730
am daskvnis logikas gaafTrebiT uaryofen isini, vinc Tumca
ki eTanxmeba embrionis biologiur individualobas, ar iziarebs
azrs misi adamianuri arsis Sesaxeb.
embrionis, rogorc adamianur arsebis aRiarebis uaryofa
dafuZnebulia im faqtze, rom ganviTarebis me-8 kviramde mas ar
aqvs adamianuri saxis gamometyveleba. amitom ar SeiZleba is
CaiTvalos adamianur individad manamde, sanam zustad ar
gamoikveTeba misi sxeulis forma. am dromde is warmoadgens
,,SesaZlebel adamians”. Amasze SeiZleba vupasuxoT aristoteles
Tanaxmad, rom SesaZleblobis gageba pirdapir kavSirSia
moqmedebasTan. SesaZlebels warmoadgens is, rac SeiZleba
TavisTavad gamovlindes da aqtualuri gaxados sakuTari Tavi.
zigotas aqvs aqtiuri potenciis xasiaTi, ramdenadac is TavisTvis,
winaRobis gareSe, midis adamianis srul ganviTarebamde, embrioni
ar aris Teoriuli, ,,potenciuri adamiani”, aramed realuri da
namdvili adamiania, rogorc ambobda tertuliane ,,da isic
adamiania, romelic gaxdeba adamiani”.731
,,Tu gamovalT iqidan, rom adamianis embrioni da miT umetes
nayofi, aris individualuri adamianuri da pirovnuli arseba,
sruliad naTeli xdeba, rom xelovnurad provocirebuli aborti
aris adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebis da misi pirovnuli Rirsebis
uxeSi darRveva, xelyofa sruliad adamianuri sicocxlisa. Tavad
sindisi gvaiZulebs Tavi SevikavoT yovelgvari agresiisagan
Casaxuli bavSvis winaaRmdeg”.732
arc Tu didi xnis winaT embrionis, fetusis
sicocxlisunarianoba 30 kvira iyo, xolo mogvianebiT 25 kvira
gaxda.
,,ras gvamcnobs medicina, aris Tu ara embrioni, fetusi
usulo arseba, romelsac ar gaaCnia sakuTari, avtonomiuri
sicocxle? aris Tu ara igi dedis sxeulis nawili, Tu es
sruliad damoukidebeli sicocxlea, sruliad damoukidebeli
individi, romelic ubralod dedis sxeulidan ikvebeba iseve,
rogorc Cven yvelani damokidebulni varT Cven garemomcvel
729
nebieriZe n., dasax. statia, 45.
730
iqve, 45.
731
iqve, 45-46.
732
iqve, 46.
209
samyaroze? zemoT dasmul kiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad, ganvixilod
sakiTxi _ Tu rodis iwyeba sicocxle CanasaxSi?“733
aucilebelia iTqvas, rom aborts ewinaaRmdegebian medicinis
wamyvani muSakebi. ,,biologiurad dadasturebulia, rom bavSvi
cocxali arsebaa Casaxvis momentidan, ganurCevlad imisa, Tu
ramdeni xnisaa igi an ra formis. rac mTavaria, mas gaaCnia 46
qromosoma, romelSic gadmocemulia konkretuli adamianis
unikaluri Tvisebebi da mxolod is, rom igi jer ,,saTanado“ zomis
araa, aranair uflebas ar gvaZlevs vifiqroT, rom Casaxuli bavSvi
ar aris adamiani“.734
cnobili frangi profesori, parizis universitetis ujredis
genetikis wamyvani specialisti Jerom leJeni wers: ,,adamiani aris
is, vinc ekuTvnis Cvens (adamianur) modgmas. mniSvneloba ar aqvs
kilogramebisa da diferenciaciebis raodenobas“,735 ,,TiToeuli
pirovnebis damaxasiaTebeli niSani _ sqesi, Tvalis feri, fexis
zoma, inteleqti da sxva, CasaxvisTanave adamianis 46 qromosomaSi,
bavSvis genetikis kodSi aris Cadebuli“.736
adamianTa umravlesoba ver acnobierebs, Tu ramdenad
swrafad emsgavseba Casaxuli fetusi dabadebul adamians.
Casaxvidan yovel dRe embrioni TiTqmis orjer izrdeba, xolo 6
kviris Semdeg, naxevari diumis sigrZe fetusi, yvela adamianuri
organos matarebelia.737,,fetusi Casaxvis momentidanve atarebs
Cveulebrivi adamianis yvela Tvisebas, mas gaaCnia srulyofili
nervuli sistema, grZnobis organoebi, guli, filtvebi da sxva
yvelaferi, rac Cveulebriv adamians aqvs“.738
,,dResdReobiT medicinas ZaluZs 25-kviriani naadrevad
dabadebul bavSvs SeunarCunos sicocxle. es cifri arc Tu didi
xnis win 30 kvira iyo. medicina naxtomiseburi nabijebiT miiwevs
win. xval SeiZleba es cifri ufro Semcirdes. amis dasturia isic,
rom moxerxda 19-kviriani keni kingis gadarCena (daibada 1985 wels
amerikaSi), romelic mxolod 510 grams iwonida“.739 miuxedavad misi
wonisa da ganviTarebis donisa, igi daibada rogorc srulyofili
adamiani da sicocxle iseve ganagrZo, rogorc is axalSobili
ganagrZobs, romelmac dedis sxeulSi sruli cxra Tve gaatara.
,,mecnieruli gamokvleviT dasturdeba, rom deda da Svili
Casaxvis momentidan erTmaneTisgan gancalkevebuli da
733
734
www. pregnantpause.org/court/frozen-o.htm/Davis v. Davis, No. E-14496, blount courty, tennessee
circuit cxourt, 13.08.2011.
735
736
wigni I, Tb., 2010, 527.
737
ix. www.abort73.com/abortion/prenatal_development, 18.07.2011.
738
739
210
gansxvavebuli, unikaluri adamianebi arian. Zalian xSirad maT
gaaCniaT gansxvavebuli sqesi, Tvalisa da Tmis feri, sisxlis
jgufi”.740
miCneulia, rom Casaxuli bavSvi ar aris pirovneba. ,,am
argumentis pasuxisaTvis upirvelesad unda davazustoT, Tu ras
gulisxmobs termini „pirovneba“, anu iuridiulad rom ganvmartoT,
niSnavs igi qmedunarianobas, Tu uflebaunarianobas? Tu
pirovnebaSi gulisxmoben qmedunarian pirs, anu pirs, romelsac
SeuZlia Tavisi nebiTa da moqmedebiT sruli moculobiT SeiZinos
da ganaxorcielos uflebebi da movaleobebi, maSin gamodis, rom
yvela mcirewlovani da qmeduunaro pirebi ar yofilan pirovnebebi
da dasaSvebia maTi mokvla? xolo Tu pirovnebaSi vgulisxmobT
uflebaunarian adamians, romelsac SeiZleba hqondes uflebebi da
movaleobebi, maSin uflebaunariani yofila qmeduunaroc,
Casaxulic da dabadebuli bavSvic. ase rom, Casaxuli bavSvi
pirovnebaa farTo gagebiT da masac SeiZleba hqondes garkveuli
uflebebi da miT umetes, sicocxlis ufleba. abortis momxreTa
umTavresi Secdoma aris is, rom isini, Casaxul bavSvs ar Tvlian
adamianad, xolo pirvel Secdomas mohyveba sxvac da sabolood
iReben mcdar mosazrebas. Tuki erTxel da samudamod gaviazrebT,
rom Casaxuli bavSvi adamiania, maSin xuxulasaviT daingreva yvela
is mosazreba, romelic cdilobs abortis gamarTlebas“.741
aqve unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom kanoni icavs adamians imis
miuxedavad, igi pirovneba aris Tu ara. saqarTvelos ssk-is kerZo
nawilis pirveli kari moicavs adamianis da ara pirovnebis
winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSauls, rogorc es iyo 1961 wlis
kodeqsSi.
marTlmadidebluri eklesiis mosazrebis Tanaxmad, yvelam,
abortis momxreebmac da mowinaaRmdegeebmac ician, rom amqveynad
dabadebuli yoveli adamianis sawyisi fetusia da aravin gaCenila
ise, rom fetusis stadia ar gaevlo. amis fonze samwuxaroa
realoba, roca aborts ukve dabadebuli adamianebi akeTeben, amiT
isini maT msgavsT dabadebis uflebas arTmeven.742
am bolo dros genetikasa da biologiaSi momxdari
gadatrialebis Semdeg, eWvgareSea is sakiTxi, rom fetusi
CasaxvisTanave arsebobs rogorc potenciuri pirovneba. aqedan
gamomdinare, fetusis samarTlebrivi dacva mniSvnelovan sakiTxs
warmoadgens. miuRebelia is faqti, rodesac kacobriobisa da
sicocxlis uflebis saxeliT, sikvdilis dasja uqmdeba, magram
amis sapirispirod, xdeba abortis legalizacia. aseve miuRebelia,
740
wigni I, Tb., 2010, 527.
741
742
ix. iqve,
211
rodesac mniSvneloba ar eniWeba daubadebeli bavSvis
mkvlelobas.743
,,sicocxlis ZiriTadi uflebidan gamomdinare, saxelmwifo
valdebulia, Seqmnas Sesabamisi kanonmdebloba da ara marto
aqtiurad da qmediTad daicvas adamianis sicocxle, aramed miiRos
prevenciuli zomebi adamianis sicocxlis dacvis
uzrunvelsayofad”. 744 Tumca aqve sagulisxmoa, rom ,,evropis
adamianis uflebaTa komisiam 1987 wels daadgina, rom nayofis
sicocxlis absoluturi uflebis aRiareba, ewinaaRmdegeba
konvenciis sagansa da mizans. komisiis azriT, saxelmwifos
SeuZlia daawesos garkveuli SezRudvebi fexmZime qalis abortis
uflebaze“.745 garkveuli SezRudvebis daweseba da fetusis
sicocxlis uflebis meore xarisxovan Rirebulebad miCneva
sruliad misaRebia mxolod iSviaT, gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi (mag:
roca safrTxe emuqreba dedis sicocxlesa da janmrTelobas,
gaupatiurebis msxverplis mier abortis gakeTeba da a.S.), Tumca es
gamonaklisebi aucileblad detalurad unda gaiweros da fetusis
sisxlissamarTalebrivi dacva realurad unda ganxorcieldes
rogorc kanonSi Sesabamisi muxlis mიRebiT, aseve miRebuli normis
realur cxovrebaSi gatarebiT.
,,fetusis sicocxlis ufleba” zogadad sicocxlis
uflebisagan ganuyofelia Tundac rogorc sicocxlis gaCenis da
maSasadame, adamianis sicocxlis uflebis uzrunvelyofis
aucilebeli winapiroba.
Tuki vaRiarebT, rom fetusi aris adamianuri arseba,
adamianis sicocxlis sawyisi da Tu sicocxle dabadebiT iwyeba,
maSin gamodis, rom Canasaxis sicocxlis uflebis dacva, adamianis
sicocxlis gaCenis aucilebeli piroba yofila.
fetusi – es ar aris dedis sxeulis ubralo nawili,
uuflebo arseba, romlis sicocxlisa Tu mokvdinebis sakiTxi
apelaciis gareSe, dedis xelSi unda iyos. fetusi sruliad
unikaluri, ganumeorebeli, damoukidebeli sicocxlea, romelic
pativiscemasa da dacvas saWiroebs rogorc saerTaSoriso
samarTlebriv, ise Sida samarTlebriv doneze. mis winaaRmdeg
Cadenili danaSauli unda ganixilebodes, rogorc daubadebeli
adamianis winaaRmdeg Cadenili danaSauli.
Casaxvis momentidan fetusi arsebobs, rogorc daubadebeli
adamiani, romelsac suli gaaCnia. Sesabamisad, yvela adamiani unda
iqnas kanoniT daculi Casaxvis momentidan. fetusis dacva unda
moxdes, rogorc SezRuduli uflebebis matarebeli adamianisa da
erTxel da samudamod CamoSordes mas uuflebo arsebis statusi.
743
744
(red.), Tb., 2006, 192-193.
745
iqve, 196.
212
saxelmwifoebma unda uzrunvelyon rogorc dabadebuli, ise
daubadebeli adamianis uzenaesi, sicocxlis ufleba, rac aseve
garantirebuli unda iyos adamianis uflebaTa dacvis
saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mier.
Tavi 7. fetusis samarTlebrivi dacva da abortis ufleba

sazRvargareTis qveynebis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT
,,saxelmwifoSi adamianis uflebaTa dacvis xarisxi obieqturad

asaxavs demokratiisa da samarTlis uzenaesobis principis
cxovrebaSi gatarebis dones”.746
,,Tanamedrove sazogadoeba sul ufro metad cdilobs, Seqmnas
efeqtiani meqanizmi adamianis uflebaTa dasacavad. es ar aris
gasakviri, radganac nebismieri demokratiuli saxelmwifos
ganviTareba adamianis ZiriTad uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvis
gareSe warmoudgenelia, rac gamoixateba imaSi, rom saxelmwifoebma
scades am metad mniSvnelovani sakiTxis saerTaSoriso doneze
mowesrigeba. amis dasturia adamianis uflebaTa evropuli
konvencia da mravali sxva saerTaSoriso xelSekruleba, romelnic
daido konvenciis Semdeg. marTalia, es dokumentebi icaven
adamianis uflebebs, magram sainteresoa, Tu ramdenad vrceldeba
rogorc saerTaSoriso meqanizmebiT, aseve saxelmwifoTa Sida
kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili dacvis garantiebi fetusis sicocxlis
uflebaze. moiazreba Tu ara fetusi cocxal arsebad? rogori
Sedegi aqvs abortis legalizacias? an, zogadad, rogori
kvalifikacia eZleva dedis mier abortis gakeTebas saxelmwifoTa
Sida instanciis sasamarTloebis mier? aqvs Tu ara dedas abortis
gakeTebis ufleba? arRvevs Tu ara fetusis sicocxlis aRiareba
dedis fundamentur uflebebs?“747
,,bevri saxelmwifos kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs
fetusisTvis zianis miyenebis SemTxvevaSi sarCelis aRZvris
SesaZleblobas, magram es mxolod maSin ganxorcieldeba, Tu
fetusi cocxali daibada“.748
Zvel romaul samarTalSi vxvdebiT normebs, romlebic
adastureben adamianis uflebaunarianobis sawyis moments
dabadebamde. XII tabulis kanonis Tanaxmad, bavSvi, romelic
daibada mama-mamkvdireblis sikvdilis Semdeg, iTvleboda
746
gociriZe e., statia, absoluturi aucilebloba _ myari kriteriumi Tu
kompromisuli pirobiToba? (adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-2
muxlis ganmartebisaTvis), korkelia k. (red.), adamianis uflebaTa dacvis
Tanamedrove gamowvevebi, statiaTa krebuli, Tb., 2009, 104.
747
farsadaniSvili n., statia, legalizebuli mkvleloba, korkelia k. (red.),
adamianis uflebaTa dacvis Tanamedrove gamowvevebi, statiaTa krebuli, Tb., 2009,
209.
748
iqve, 221.
213
memkvidred da amasTanave SeiZleboda misi anderZSi moxsenieba.749
,,iustinianes digestebis mixedviT, ,,is pirebi, romlebic
mamkvidreblis ufro Soreul naTesavebs warmoadgendnen, vidre
dedis saSoSi myofni, memkvidreebad ar iwodebodnen manam, sanam
gaurkveveli iyo, daibadeboda Tu ara bavSvi~.750 laTinurma
samarTlebrivma wyaroebma arsebiTi zegavlena moaxdina samoqalaqo
samarTalis mecnierebaSi Canasaxis ,,pirobiTi uflebaunarianobis”
Teoriis Camoyalibebaze. iuridiuli fiqciiT aRiareben, rom
dabadebamde nayofic uflebaunariania, magram is SezRudulia,
vinaidan exeba mxolod uflebebs ise, rom Casaxuls ar SeiZleba
daekisros raime movaleoba.751 amasTan, gansxvavebiT ukve
dabadebuli adamianisgan, igi ar aris sazogadoebis nawili,
sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis monawile.
Canasaxis uflebaunarianobasa da statusTan mimarTebaSi
gansxvavebuli mdgomareobaa sxvadasxva qveynis kanonmdeblobaSi.
abortis sawinaaRmdego kampaniam meore msoflio omis Semdeg,
gansakuTrebiT ki, socialistur qveynebSi, udides masStabebs
miaRwia. mogvianebiT, 1986 wlis monacemebiT, 36 qveyanaSi aborti
ukve nebadarTuli iyo. rac Seexeba Tanamedrove qveynebs, sadac
aborti akrZalulia, esenia: laTinuri amerika, afrika, nepali da is
qveynebi, romlebic religiis did gavlenas ganicdian. centralur
da samxreT amerikaSi aborti akrZalulia, gamonaklisia kuba da
genuas respublika. laTinuri amerika _ esaa msoflioSi yvelaze
didi kaTolikuri regioni, rac ganapirobebs abortis akrZalvas.752
braziliaSi yovelwliurad 1500000 ukanono aborts aqvs
adgili. gansakuTrebiT mkacrad isjeba ukanono aborti Ciles
respublikaSi. aq qalebs xSir SemTxvevaSi patimroba emuqrebaT.
afrikis Zalian cota respublikaSia aborti nebadarTuli. aq
yoveli 100000 abortis SemTxvevidan 680 sikvdiliT mTavrdeba. amis
mizezad cxovrebis cudi pirobebi saxeldeba. am mxriv, yvelaze
cudi mdgomareobaa eTiopiasa da nigeriaSi. yvelaze mkacrad
aborti akrZalulia nepalSi. aq aborti ikrZaleba maSinac, roca
dedis sicocxles emuqreba safrTxe. akrZalvis simkacreze aqac
religiuri faqtori moqmedebs. sasjeli emuqreba rogorc qals,
aseve eqimsac. miuxedavad amisa, aborti mainc keTdeba da nepalel
qalTa 2/3 cixeSi ixdis sasjels. niderlandebSi, SvedeTSi,
kanadaSi, amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi da sxva mraval qveyanaSi
aborti nebadarTulia. holandiaSi aborti nebadarTulia,
miuxedavad amisa, iq abortis maCvenebeli arcTu ise maRalia.
erTaderTi, rac SeiZleba aTvisebul iqnes am qveynis magaliTze, es
aris kontraceptivebis farTo gamoyeneba, romlis fonzec aborti
warmoadgens ukidures zomas. SvedeTSi aborti 1973 wlidana
749
750
Дигесты Юстиниана, Избранные фрагменты в переводе и с примечаниями И.С. Перетерского.
Наука, М., 1984, 126.
751
752
ix. Joyce Arthur, Some Basic information about Abortion Around the World, 1999,
www.prochoiceactionnetwork-canada.org/articles/civilize.shtml, 20.05.2012.
214
nebadarTulia orsulobis me-18 kviramde. .holandiis msgavsad
skolebSi aqac SemoRebulia seqsualuri ganaTleba. kanadaSi
aborti nebadarTulia, Tumca mowesrigebuli ar aris zusti vadebi,
procedurebi. amitom, xSirad mas mZime garTulebebi moyveba Tan.
amitomac, abortis sawinaaRmdego kampaniac sakmaod xSiria. amerikis
SeerTebul StatebSi aborti 1973 wlidanaa nebadarTuli. aq
yovelwliurad 1300000 qali mimarTavs aborts. raoden gasakviric
ar unda iyos, yvelaze mZlavri abortsawinaaRmdego kampania
swored amerikaSi arsebobs.753
,,XIX saukuneSi amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi mravalma
Statma SeiZina antiabortuli statusi. amis mizezi dabadebamde
sicocxlis dacva iyo“.754 ,,pirveladi jandacvis sistemaSi
mimdinare reformebma, romlebic wlebis ganmavlobaSi sxvadasxva
saerTaSoriso donoris mxardaWeriT xorcieldeboda, mxolod
ukanasknel xans uzrunvelyo Tanamedrove kontraceptivebsa da
reproduqciuli janmrTelobis sxva meTodebze qalTa
xelmisawvdomobis zrda. xelovnuri aborti xangrZlivi drois
ganmavlobaSi rCeboda legalur, rogorc fizikuri, ise finansuri
(15 aSS dolari erTi proceduris safasuri) TvalsazrisiT
advilad xelmisawvdom procedurad da farTod gamoiyeneboda
mTeli qveynis masStabiT”.755
1973 wlis aSS-is uzenaesma sasamarTlom saqmeSi – Roe v. Wade
- daadgina, rom qalebs aqvT abortis gakeTebis ufleba, fetusi ar
aris fizikuri piri da is ver isargeblebs dacvis im garantiebiT,
rac federaluri konstituciiT aris dadgenili. amis gamo
mSobiarobis xelovnurad Sewyvetis msurvelTa ricxva
sagrZnoblad imata, Tumca 1980 wlisaTvis monacemebi erT niSnulze
SeCerda, Semdeg ki kleba daiwyo.756
1988 wels aSS-s prezidentma ronald reiganma ganacxada: ,,me,
ronald reigani, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis prezidenti, qveynis
konstituciiTa da kanonebiT moniWebuli uflebis Tanaxmad,
vacxadeb pirovnebis xelSeuvalobas Casaxvis momentidan, mis
bunebriv sikvdilamde. amasTan vacxadeb, rom yvelafers gavakeTeb
imisaTvis, rom amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis konstituciisa da
kanonebis aRsrulebiT moxdes daubadebeli bavSvebis dacva...
amasTan erTad, 1988 wlis 17 ianvars vacxadeb adamainis sicocxlis
dRed da movuwodeb amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis yvela
moqalaqes, Seikribon am dRes saxlebsa da taZrebSi da moaxdinon
yvela adamianis, maT Soris embrionis, fetusis Rirsebisa da
sicocxlis dacva“.757
753
ix. Joyce Arthur, Some Basic information about Abortion Around the World, 1999,
www.prochoiceactionnetwork-canada.org/articles/civilize.shtml, 20.05.2012.
754
Charles D. Keslo and R. Randall Kelso, in Dennis Campbell, ed., Abortion Law and Public Policy,
Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1984, 61.
755
serbanesku f., tefti m., Saxnazarova m., uiliamsi d., berZuli n., bergi s.,
reproduqciuli asakis sikvdilianobis kvleva, nawili II, saqarTvelo, 2008, 8.
756
ix. www. nytimes.com/ abuse laws cover fetus, a high court rules, in the New York Times/special
edition, 19.06.2010.
757
215
aSS-Si 2004 wlis 20 ianvars miiRes aqti Zaladobis
jerarSobili msxverplis Sesaxeb, romlis 1841-e sanqciis 1-li
punqtis Sesabamisad, isjeba nebismieri piri, romelic zians
miayenebs an moklavs dedis sxeulSi myof Canasaxs. amave aqtis me-2
punqtis Sesabamisad ki, aseTi qmedeba damoukidebeli danaSaulia.
is iseTive danaSaulia, rogoric Canasaxis dedis mkvleloba an
misi dazianeba.758
gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa is, rom Zaladobis jerarSobili
msxverplis aqti, saTauridan gamomdinare, sul sxva Sinaarsis
matareblad aRiqmeba – Seicavs punqts, romelic piris
pasuxismgeblobisagan gaTavisuflebas iTvaliswinebs, Tu misi
qmedeba ganxorcieldeba:
a) dedis TanxmobiT an im adamianis TanxmobiT, romelic,
kanonis Sesabamisad, uflebamosilia, imoqmedos fexmZime qalis
saxeliT;
b) samedicino aucileblobidan gamomdinare, dedisaTvis an
SvilisaTvis safrTxis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi.759
,,unda aRiniSnos, rom sapatiod SeiZleba CaiTvalos mxolod
es ukanaskneli SemTxveva, rameTu dedis sicocxlisaTvis saSiSi
mdgomareoba TavisTavad gadadis nayofzec da, Sesabamisad, unda
moxdes erT-erTis gadarCena, Torem sxva SemTxvevaSi adamiani
ganzrax miayenebs fetuss zians Tu dedis TanxmobiT, amas aranairi
arsebiTi mniSvneloba ar gaaCnia CanasaxisaTvis, radgan is mainc
Zaladobis msxverpli xdeba“.760
aSS-is kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, ufro zustad ki, 2004
wlis aqtis _ „Zaladoba jerarSobili msxverplis Sesaxeb“
mixedviT, jerarSobili bavSvi niSnavs bavSvs dedis wiaღSi, xolo
dedis wiaRSi myofi bavSvi niSnavs homo sapiensis saxeobis wevrs,
ganviTarebis nebismier etapze.761 aRniSnuli aqti aSS-s mTels
teritoriaze moqmed aqtTa Sorisaa da man fetuss garkveuli
statusi mouZebna _ homo sapiensi, romelic adreuli etapis
adamiania (romlis evoluciis Sedegad warmoiSva Tanamedrove,
srulyofili adamiani) da ara daubadebeli adamiani.
,,aRsaniSnavia, rom samxreT karolinis umaRlesma
sasamarTlom mxari dauWira im fexmZime qalebis pasuxismgeblobis
sakiTxs, romlebic orsulobis periodSi iyenebdnen narkotikul
saSualebebs, rameTu fetusi aris pirovneba, “persona”, romelzec
vrceldeba Statis bavSvTa dacvis kanonmdebloba“.762
mecnierTa kvlevebiT, mSobiarobis xelovnurad Sewyvetis
msurvelTa absoluturi umravlesoba 20-24 wlamde asakis
758
ix. www. news. findlaw.com/ Unborn Victims of Violence Act of 2004, one hundred eighth congress
of the United States of America,16.02.2010.
759
of the United States of America/section1841, 16.02.2010.
760
www. abort73.com/abortion/geraldine lux flanagan, the first nine months of life, 18.07.2011.
761
of the United States of America/section1841,16.02.2010.
762
211.
216
qalbatonebi arian, maTze umcrosebis mxolod 7% ikeTebs aborts.
Cveulebriv, ufro xSirad aborts ikeTeben dauqorwinebeli
qalebi.763
sainteresoa aseve statistikuri monacemebi imasTan
dakavSirebiT, Tu romeli eTnikuri jgufis warmomadgeneli
qalbatonebi ikeTeben ufro xSirad aborts.764
TeTrkaniani yoveli 1000-idan _ 11
laTinoamerikeli yoveli 1000-idan _ 28
Savkaniani yoveli 1000-idan _ 50
aSS-s StatebSi _ kalifornia, misuri da minesota, nayofis

sicocxlis mospoba mkvlelobad iTvleba, mkvdradSobili nayofi
uTanabrdeba cocxal adamians, xolo fexmZime qalisTvis sxeulis
dazianeba, Tuki man nayofis sikvdili gamoiwvia, ganixileba
rogorc nayofis mkvleloba.765 e.i. nayofis mkvleloba uTanabrdeba
adamianis mkvlelobas. mocemul SemTxvevaSi saubaria ara abortze,
aramed nayofis sikvdilze, rac gamowveul iqna dedis sxeulis
dazianebiT, mag: cemiT, daWriT da sxv.
,,germaniis federaciuli respublikis sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsSi ukanono aborti gaTvaliswinebulia sicocxlis
winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaulTa TavSi da qarTuli sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsisagan gansxvavebiT, ukanono abortis xelyofis
obieqtad aRiarebs ara orsuli qalis sicocxles da
janmrTelobas, aramed nayofis sicocxles (218-e paragrafi).
tyupebis xelyofis SemTxvevaSi TiToeuli nayofi ganixileba
danaSaulebrivi xelyofis damoukidebel obieqtad. Tu
ukiduresobidan gamomdinare, aucilebelia erT-erTi embrionis
mokvdineba, maSin ar arsebobs 218-e paragrafiT gaTvaliswinebuli
qmedebis Semadgenloba da eqimi Tavisufldeba
pasuxismgeblobisagan”.766
763
ix. farsadaniSvili n., statia, legalizebuli mkvleloba, korkelia k. (red.),
213.
764
ix. iqve, 211-212.
765
ix. www. books.google.ge/books?id=2gy7_nXRcIkC&pg=PA113&lpg=PA113&dq=definition+
of+fetus+in+austri a&source=bl&ots=8Vw7mjOCpk&sig= f6G5B67OS6-N6xZ_x2M7-YIfcN4&hl=
ka&sa=X&ei=iMqbT-SGFdH2sga638xS&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q= definition%20of
%20fetus%20in%false, 15.12.2010.
766
wigni I, Tb., 2010, 549.
217
germaniis ssk-is 218-e paragrafis Tanaxmad, orsulobis
xelovnurad Sewyveta isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT 3 wlamde an
jarimiT. gansakuTrebuli damamZimebeli garemoebebis arsebobis
SemTxvevaSi, sasjelis zomas warmoadgens Tavisuflebis aRkveTa 6
Tvidan 5 wlamde. rogorc wesi, aseT gansakuTrebul damamZimebel
garemoebas warmoadgens SemTxvevebi, roca abortis gamkeTebeli:
 moqmedebs orsuli qalis nebis sawinaaRmdegod;
 uxeSi gaufrTxileblobiT qmnis orsuli qalis
sicocxlisa da janmrTelobisaTvis zianis miyenebis
safrTxes.767
218a paragrafis Tanaxmad, aborti ukanonod ar iTvleba, Tu
misi ganxorcieleba aucilebelia, raTa safrTxe ar Seeqmnas dedis
sicocxles, janmrTelobas an sulier mdgomareobas da roca am
safrTxis Tavidan acileba sxva saSualebiT SeuZlebeli iyo.768
kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, orsulobis SewyvetisTvis
pasuxismgebloba ekisreba ara mxolod mesame pirs, aramed Tavad
orsul qalsac”769 (paragrafi 218). deda pasuxs agebs rogorc
Tanamonawile. 218-e paragrafis Tanaxmad, Tu aborts axorcielebs
orsuli qali, sasjelis saxes warmoadgens Tavisuflebis aRkveTa 1
wlamde vadiT an jarima. abortis mcdeloba dasjadia, Tumca
orsuli qali abortis mcdelobisTvis ar isjeba.770
germaniis ssk-is 218c paragrafi aseve iTvaliswinebs
pasuxismgeblobas eqimis mier orsulobis Sewyvetis dros, saeqimo
valdebulebebis darRvevisTvis, maT Soris orsulobis xelovnurad
Sewyveta:
 orsuli qalisTvis orsulobis Sewyvetis mizezebis
gamokiTxvis gareSe;
 orsuli qalisTvis abortis mniSvnelobisa da Sedegebis
Sesaxeb konsultaciis gauwevloba;
 abortis gakeTeba orsulobis vadis dadgenis gareSe.771
,,germanuli kanonmdeblobiT isjeba ukanono abortis
mcdelobac, magram mcdelobisTvis, iseve rogorc sakuTari
orsulobis Sewyvetis momzadebisTvis, pasuxismgebloba ar
SeiZleba daekisros orsul qals. orsulobis Sewyvetis
mcdelobad SeiZleba dakvalificirdes qmedeba, Tu mas Sedegad ar
mohyva nayofis sikvdili an Tu muclis moSlis mizniT
gamoyenebuli iqna uvargisi saSualeba. orsulobis Sewyvetis
mosamzadebel moqmedebad SeiZleba ganxiluli iqnes orsulobis
Sewyvetis moTxovna an am mizniT klinikaSi miReba. calkeuli
767
ix. Уголовное уложение (Уголовный кодекс) федеративной республики Германия, Текст и
научно-практический комментарий, М., 2010, 167.
768
ix. iqve, 167.
769
wigni I, Tb., 2010, 549.
770
ix. Уголовное уложение (Уголовный кодекс) федеративной республики Германия, Текст и
научно-практический комментарий, М., 2010, 167.
771
ix. iqve, 168.
218
mosamzadebeli moqmedebebi ki zog SemTxvevaSi isjeba 219a da 219b
paragrafebiT, romlebic iTvaliswineben pasuxismgeblobas ukanono
abortisaTvis saSualebebis gasaRebisa da agitaciisaTvis. ukanono
abortis agitacia gulisxmobs SeTavazebas, Setyobinebas,
reklamirebas:
1. orsulobis Sewyvetis an orsulobis Sewyvetis
xelSewyobisaTvis sakuTari an sxvisi samsaxurisa;
2. sagnebis, saSualebebis da mowyobilobisa, romlebic
SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas orsulobis SewyvetisaTvis”.772
,,germanuli sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT,
orsulobis SewyvetisTvis aucilebelia saTanado samedicino
daskvnis arseboba, romelic gadacemuli unda iyos ara im eqimis
mier, vinc aborts akeTebs, aramed sxva eqimis mier. orsulobis
SewyvetisaTvis aseTi samedicino daskvnis moTxovnis aucilebloba
SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes ukanono abortis Semcirebis da am
danaSaulze kontrolis erTgvar meqanizmad”.773
germanuli kanonmdeblebis mixedviT, ukanono abortis
damTavrebisTvis aucilebelia nayofis daRupva, e.i. qmedebas
aucileblad unda mohyves fetusis sikvdili.774 sxva SemTxvevaSi
saxeze iqneba ukanono abortis mcdeloba, rac aseve dasjadia
germaniis ssk-is mixedviT.
kanonmdebloba pasuxismgeblobas awesebs mxolod ganzraxi
moqmedebiT gamowveuli orsulobis SewyvetisTvis. Tu orsuloba
Sewyda gaufrTxileblobiTi moqmedebis (mag: eqimis daudevrobis)
Sedegad sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba gamoiricxeba,
garda im SemTxvevisa, roca Sedegad dadgeba orsulis
janmrTelobis dazianeba”.775
miuxedavad imisa, rom germaniis ssk dedis
pasuxismgebloblis sakiTxs ayenebs, riTac xazs usvams fetusis
mniSvnelobas da mas Tavad dedis ukanono qmedebisganac icavs,
germaniis federaciuli respublikis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT,
fetusi ar sargeblobs fizikuri piris statusiT. 1983 wlis 22
aprils germaniis federalurma uzenaesma sasamarTlom ganixila
saqme, romlis mixedviT, or eqims dasdes brali daudevrobiT
adamianis sikvdilSi, radganac maT SecdomiT dausves diagnozi 9
Tvis orsuls, romelsac dauniSnes mkurnalobis kursi spazmebis
mosaxsnelad, arada es spazmebi mSobiarobis dawyebis maniSnebeli
iyo.776 mkurnalobis arasworma kursma gamoiwvia nayofis daRupva.
sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom fetusi dacviT sargeblobs mxolod
222-e seqciis Sesabamisad, im momentidan, rogorc ki daiwyeba
mSobiaroba. iqamde nayofze vrceldeba abortis mxolod is
772
cqitiSvili T., dasax. statia, 549-550.
773
iqve, 550.
774
ix. iqve, 542.
775
iqve, 550-551.
776
ix. www. moznostvolby.sk/the laws of member states of the council of europe/bgst31, 27.02.2010.
219
normebi, romlebic sjis ganzrax da ara gaufrTxileblobiT
aqtebs.777
ganxiluli magaliTis mixedviT, vinaidan mSobiareoba ukve
dawyebuli iyo, dawyebuli iyo am bavSvis sisxlissamarTlebrivi
dacva, rogorc damoukidebeli adamianisa da ara rogorc fetusisa
abortis dros. eqimebis mier ganxorcielebuli qmedeba swored
amitom dakvalificirda gaufrTxiloblobiT sicocxlis mospobiT.
1988 wlis 29 ivliss germaniis sakonstitucio sasamarTlom
msgavs saqmeze zustad igive argumentebi gamoiyena. amave
mimarTulebiT viTardeba qveda instanciebis sasamarTloTa
praqtikac.
germaniis samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1-li paragrafis Sesabamisad,
piris SesaZlebloba, gamoiyenos uflebebi, iwyeba dabadebidan.
germanuli samoqalaqo kanonmdebloba aRiarebs daubadebel
arsebis uflebas, moiTxovos im zianis anazRaureba, romelic
muclad yofnis dros ganicada, mxolod maSin, rodesac is
cocxlad datovebs dedis sxeuls. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac fetusi
dabadebamde mokvdeba, misi saxeliT misTvis miyenebuli zianis
anazRaurebis moTxovna ar aris nebadarTuli.778
rac Seexeba aRniSnul sakiTxze franguli kanonmdeblobis
pozicias, safrangeTis sakasacio sasamarTlom msgavs saqmeebSi
aRniSna, rom mkvleloba ar SeiZleba Cadenil iqnes jerarSobili
fetusis mimarT.
,,pirveli saqme, romelic miRebul iqna warmoebaSi 2001 wlis
29 ivniss, Seexeboda saavtomobilo SemTxvevas, sadac mZRolebma da
mgzavrebma miiRes dazianebebi. maT Soris imyofeboda 6 Tvis
fexmZime qalbatoni, romelsac mkvdari bavSvi gauCnda.
gamokvlevebma daadastura, rom fetusis sikvdili pirdapir
gamowveuli iyo momxdari avariiT. sasamarTlom ar mianiWa fetuss
fizikuri piris statusi safrangeTis sisxlis samarTlis
kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad. safrangeTis precedentuli samarTali
am kuTxiT ukve myarad aris Camoyalibebuli”.779
sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba SesabamisobaSi movida
safrangeTis kanonmdeblobasTan, romelic erTmaneTisgan
ganasxvavebs koncefcias – ,,homo sapiensis” modgmis warmomadgeneli
da fizikuri piri. adamianuri arseba aris biologiuri cneba da
adamianuri arsebebi, igulisxmebian, rom arseboben sicocxlis
dasawyisidan, Tumca jer ar miRweula mtkice SeTanxmeba imaze, Tu
rodidan iwyeba sicocxle; meore mxriv, fizikuri piri aris
samarTlebrivi termini. cneba “fizikuri piri” aris iseTi
samarTlebrivi kategoria, romlis uflebebi moqmedebas iwyebs
dabadebidan. safrangeTis sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba
gamyarebulia frangi mecnierebis mier, romlebic amtkiceben, rom
777
www. moznostvolby.sk/the laws of member states of the council of europe/bgst31, 27.02.2010.
778
ix. www. moznostvolby.sk/german federal supreme court/bghz58, 15.03.2010.
779
farsadaniSvili n., statia, legalizebuli mkvleloba, korkelia k. (red),
213.
220
gansxvaveba adamianur arsebasa da fizikur pirs Soris
Camoyalibebulia safrangeTis samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobaSi.780
,,fizikuri piris franguli gageba gamyarebulia Sida
kanonmdeblobis ori kanoniT, romlebsac “bioeTikuri kanonebi”
ewodebaT. xsenebuli kanonebi miiRes 1994 wels. pirveli Seexeba
adamianis sxeulis elementebis donaciasa da gamoyenebas,
samedicino daxmarebas da diagnostikas; meore ki Seexeba adamianis
sxeulis pativiscemas. orive kanoni eyrdnoba gansxvavebas adamianad
yofnasa ,,etre humain”, romelic sicocxlis dasawyisidan aris
pativisa da Rirsebis matarebeli da fizikur pirs Soris, romelic
iuridiuli statusis matarebelia mxolod cocxlad dabadebis
SemTxvevaSi. erovnuli sasamarTloebi fizikuri piris iuridiul
statuss mimarTaven aseve abortis konteqstSic”.781
,,1975 wlis 15 ianvris gadawyvetilebaSi safrangeTis
sakonstitucio sabWom ar daadgina konfliqti abortis Sesaxeb
kanonsa da konstitucias Soris, radganac fetusi ar aris bavSvi,
romelzec vrceldeba konstituciiT uzrunvelyofili dacvis
garantiebi”.782
1975 wlamde aborti safrangeTis kanonmdeblobiT danaSaulad
iyo aRiarebuli, yovelgvari daTqmebis gareSe. 1975 wlis Semdeg,
franguli kanonmdeblobiT moxda abortis dekriminalizacia.
safrangeTis kanonmdeblobiT aborti nebadarTulia orsulobis
pirveli 12 kviris (pirveli trimestri) ganmavlobaSi. orsulobis
12 kviris, e.i. pirveli trimestris dasrulebis Semdeg, abortis
gakeTeba nebadarTulia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki ori eqimi
damoukideblad dadebs daskvnas, rom dedis sicocxle safrTxeSia,
an fetusi seriozuli, mniSvnelovani Tandayolili defeqtebiT
daibadeba.783
,,espaneTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi ukanono abortisTvis
pasuxismgeblobas akisrebs mesame pirsac da TviT orsul qalsac.
aRniSnuli kodeqsi dasjadad acxadebs gaufrTxileblobiT
abortsac. magram, Tu muclis moSla Sedegad mohyva
gaufrTxileblobiT moqmedebas, sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgebloba ekisreba ara orsul qals, aramed mesame pirs.
espaneTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi gansakuTrebulad zrunavs
nayofis sicocxlisa da janmrTelobis dacvaze. 157-e muxlis
Tanaxmad, isjeba is, vinc ramenairad azianebs nayofs an ayenebs
tramvas, rac iwvevs nayofis normaluri ganviTarebis seriozul
Seferxebas an mis seriozul fizikur da fsiqikur nakls”.784
780
ix. www. conseil-constitutionnel.fr/loi relative a l’interruption volontaire de la grossesse/hfrt,
11.03.2010.
781
farsadaniSvili n., dasax. statia, 214.
782
www. conseil-constitutionnel.fr/loi relative a l’interruption volontaire de la grossesse/htfll, 12.03.2010.
783
ix. Abortion in France is about health, not politics,
www.genderacrossborders.com/2011/08/11/abortion-in-france-is-about-health-not-politics, 06.05.2012.
784
cqitiSvili T., dasax. statia, 554.
221
,,orsulobis xelovnurad SewyvetisaTvis ruseTSi saსjeli
pirvelad XVII saukunis meore naxevarSi ganisazRvra da
orsulobis SewyvetisaTvis igi TviT orsul qalsac ekisreboda”.785
1920 wlis 18 noembers ruseTi gaxda pirveli qveyana
msoflioSi, romelmac aborti legalurad gamoacxada yvela
viTarebaSi, Tumca me-20 saukuneSi, kanoni abortis Sesaxeb
araerTxel Seicvala.786
2011 wlis 21 oqtombers ruseTis dumam miiRo kanoni, romelic
dasjadad acxadebs abortis gakeTebas orsulobis 12 kviris
Semdeg. kanoni iTvaliswinebs gamonakliss da socialuri
maCveneblis gaTvaliswinebiT, Raribi ojaxebis
warmomadgenlebisTvis abortis 12 kviriani zRvari 22 kviramdea
gazrdili, xolo samedicino Cvenebis mixedviT, roca orsulobis
gagrZeleba dedis sicocxlesa da janmrTelobas uqmnis
safrTxes, aborti nebadarTulia, miuxedavad fetusis asakisa.787
e.i. ruseTis kanonmdeblobiT, abortis gakeTeba nebadarTulia
orsulobis 12 kviramde, socialuri mizeziT _ 22 kviramde da
samedicino aucileblobis gamo _ orsulobis nebismier stadiaze.
,,mucladmyofi nayofi miuxedavad misi ganviTarebis vadebisa,
ruseTis kanonmdeblobiT ganixileba, rogorc dedis organizmis
fiziologiuri nawili“.788
sayuradReboa, rom kanoniT mkacrad aris gansazRvruli, rom
abortis gakeTeba mxolod specialur dawesebulebaSi, eqimis mier
unda ganxorcieldes, amasTan qals unda mieces dro, gadaxedos
abortis Taobaze mis mier miRebul gadawyvetilebas abortamde 2-7
dRiT adre.789
,,amJamad ruseTis federaciaSi ukanono abortisaTvis
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba gaTvaliswinebulia
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 123-e muxliT sicocxlisa da
janmrTelobis winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaulTa TavSi. ukanono
aborti ruseTis federaciis sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobiT
isjeba ara rogorc nayofis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulebrivi
qmedeba, aramed rogorc orsuli qalis janmrTelobis winaaRmdeg
mimarTuli danaSauli. Sesabamisad, pasuxismgebloba ekisreba ara
orsul qals, aramed mesame pirs, vinc ukanono aborts akeTebs. am
mxriv, is emsgavseba qarTul sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobas.
123-e muxlis pirveli nawilis mixedviT, ukanono aborti
gulisxmobs abortis gakeTebas piris mier, romelsac ar gaaCnia
Sesabamisi profilis umaRlesi samedicino ganaTleba. 123-e muxli
pasuxismgeblobis damamZimebel garemoebebad iTvaliswinebs
785
786
ix. Панкратов Виталий, уголовное право, Проблемы установления уголовной ответственности
за незаконное производство аборта, 2001, 41.
787
ix. Abortion in Russia,
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion_in_Russia, 29.09.2011.
788
Аполинская Н.В., Проблемы определения правового режима человеческого плода,
Материалы научно-практической конференции: 31 марта и 3 ноябрь, 2005, 89.
789
ix. Менделъсон Г.А., Ответственностъ за производство незаконного аборта по советскому
уголовному праву, М., 1971, 36.
222
gaufrTxileblobiT sicocxlis mospobis an janmrTelobis,
dazianebis gamowvevas“.790
ruseTis ssk-is 123-e muxlis Tanaxmad, ukanono abortis
gakeTeba, abortis gakeTeba arauflebamosili piris mier, abortis
gakeTeba araspecializirebul dawesebulebaSi, Semdegi saxis
sasjeliT isjeba _ jarima 80 000 rublis odenobiT, 6 TviT
Sinapatimroba, sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo Sroma 100-dan 240
saaTamde, 1-dan 2 wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTa.791 sasjelis zomis
SerCevis dros, mxedvelobaSi miiReba Cadenili danaSaulis simZime
da mis mier gamowveuli mavne Sedegebi. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ukanono
aborts Sedegad dedis sikvdili, am misi janmrTelobis
mniSvnelovani dazianeba mohyva, sasjelis saxiT 5 wliT
Tavisuflebis aRkveTaa gaTvaliswinebuli.792
danaSauli damTavrebulad iTvleba dedis sxeulidan
fetusis sxeulis gamodevnis momentidan, Tumca aRniSnulTan
dakavSirebiT mwvave diskusia mimdinareobs, vinaidan profesorTa
erTi nawili amtkicebs, rom aRniSnuli danaSauli damTavrebulad
unda CaiTvalos, ara fetusis sxeulis dedis saSodan gamodevnis
momentidan, aramed im momentidan, rodesac qirurgis samedicino
xelsawyo dedis saSoSi Seva fetusis gamosadevnad, miuxedavad
imisa, eqimi abortis gakeTebas moaxerxebs Tu ara.793
im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki aborti damTavrebulad CaiTvleba
samedicino xelsawyos dedis saSoSi Sesvlis momentidan, aborti
damTavrebulad CaiTvleba miuxedavad imisa, rom qirurgma xeli
aiRo ganzraxvaze da Sewyvita aborti im dros, roca fetusi ar
iyo dazianebuli, an/da dedam moiTxova misi Sewyveta manam, sanam
fetusi daziandeboda. gamomdinare aqedan mimaCnia, rom swori
iqneboda aborti damTavrebulad CaiTvalos im momentidan, roca
saSoSi Sesuli samedicino xelsawyo fetusis Tavs an sxeulis sxva
nawils daazianebs.
abortis statistika sabWoTa kavSirSi 1980 wlis bolomde
iyo klasificirebuli. am periodSi sabWoTa kavSirs msoflioSi
erT-erTi yvelaze maRali maCvenebeli hqonda.794
ruseTis istoriaSi abortebis yvelaze didi maCvenebeli 1964
wels dafiqsirda da man 5.6 milioni Seadgina.795
ruseTs msoflioSi abortebis yvelaze maRali maCvenebeli
aqvs CineTisa da indoeTis Semdeg, CineTSi abortis yovelwliuri
maCvenebeli 13 milionia, indoeTis _ 11 milioni, xolo ruseTSi –
1.3 milioni, Tumca es mxolod oficialurad registrirebuli
790
791
792
ix. iqve,
793
ix. Виталий Панкратов, уголовное право, Проблемы установления уголовной ответственности
за незаконное производство аборта, 2001, 40-42.
794
795
ix. iqve,
223
monacemia, srulyofili suraTis dadeba ki praqtikulad
SeuZlebelia.796
2001 wels ruseTSi 1. 320. 000 bavSvi daibada, Tumca 1. 800. 000
aborti Sesrulda, 2005 wels ki 1. 600. 000 aborti dafiqsirda. 2009
wlis oficialuri statistikiT, abortebis ricxvma 1.300.000-ss
Seadgina, Tumca realuri cifri gacilebiT didia.797
miuxedavad bevri mcdelobisa, SeemcirebinaT abortebis
ricxvi, ruseTi dRemde mowinave qveyanaa abortebis simravliT. 798
,,ruseTis federaciaSi ganxorcielebuli ukanono abortebis sami
procenti orsulobis gviandel periodSi gakeTebul abortebze
modis, rodesac nayofi ukve sicocxlisunarianis. ruseTSi
yovelwliurad 3 milionamde aborti keTdeba. 2002 wlis
monacemebiT, gakeTebuli abortebis ricxvi 1944,5 aTas aRwevs, 1992
wlis monacemebiT 3436,7 aTas, 1997 wlis monacemebiT ki 2498,7
aTas”.799
mocemuli statistika garkveulwilad ganpirobebulia imiT,
rom ruseTis samecniero sazogadoebis yuradsaRebi nawili,
marTalia embrions adamianurobis sawyisad miiCnevs, Tumca
uaryofs mis individualur uflebas sicocxleze, rogorc
damoukidebeli arsebis. aRniSnul sakiTxs exeba n. apolinskaia,
,,igi udavod miiCnevs im faqts, rom adamianuri nayofi ufro adre
ki embrioni _ adamianuri arsebaa da sanam adamiani ar daibadeba
mas ar aqvs sicocxle, dedis sicocxlisgan gamoyofilad nayofi
ar aris damoukidebeli. maTi kavSiri ar iZleva gamyofi xazis
gavlebis saSualebas dedis organizmsa da mis momaval bavSvs
Soris. misi azriT, nayofis samarTalsubieqtad cnoba gamoiwvevs:
orsuli qalis uflebebis gauqmebas, aucilebeli gaxdeba
normatiul-samarTlebrivi bazis Secvla (ufleba-unarianobis
axali kategoriis SemoReba); aRniSvna im subieqtis, romelic
aRmoaCens da daicavs nayofis uflebebis darRvevis faqtebs,
radgan TviTon nayofs amis SesaZlebloba ar eqneba. apolinskaias
azriT, sanam nayofi dedis organizmSi imyofeba, misi
fiziologiurad damoukideblis ganxilva, rogorc dabadebulis
(samarTlis subieqtis an obieqtis) SeuZlebelia. aseTi SemTxveva
mxolod gaarTulebs situacias da gamoiwvevs sakuTriv ukve
arsebul pirTa uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis darRvevas.
aRniSnuli situaciisas bavSvis uflebam SeiZleba migviyvanos
mxolod normatiuli bazis gafarToebasTan.800
796
797
ix. iqve,
798
ix. Менделъсон Г.А., Ответственностъ за производство незаконного аборта по советскому
уголовному праву, М., 1971, 34.
799
wigni I, Tb., 2010, 556.
800
ix. Аполинская Н.В., Проблемы определения правового режима человеческого плода,
Материалы научно-практической конференции: 31 марта и 3 ноябрь, 2005, 93.
224
1974 wlis avstriis sakonstitucio sasamarTlom ganixila
dava erovnuli kanonmdeblobis im normebis Sesaxeb, romlebic
auqmebdnen SezRudvebs abortze fexmZimobis pirveli trimestris
ganmavlobaSi. mosarCelis mtkicebiT, kanonmdebloba arRvevda
evropuli konvenciis me-2 muxls, iseve rogorc winaaRmdegobaSi
modioda sicocxlis uflebis dacvis konstituciur garantiebTan.
sakonstitucio sasamarTlom daadgina, rom me-2 muxli ar unda
ganmartebuliyo ise, TiTqos is icavda daubadebel fetuss.801
,,avstriis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 96-e paragrafis
mixedviT, erT wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT isjeba is, vinc
wyvets orsulobas orsuli qalis TanxmobiT. pasuxismgebloba
mkacrdeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi xorcieldeba xelobis saxiT an
ara eqimis mieრ an Tu orsulobis Sewyvetas Sedegad moyva
dazaralebulis sikvdili“.802
,,avstriis ssk-is mixedviT, pasuxis pasuxismgebloba ekisreba
Tavad orsul qalsac, Tavisi orsulobis SewyvetisaTvis, Tu mas
ganaxorcielebs damoukideblad an dauSvebs sxva piris mier
orsulobis Sewyvetas“.803
,,avstriis ssk iTvaliswinebs orsulobis Sewyvetis
marTlzomierebis Semdeg pirobebs:
1. orsulobis Sewyveta eqimis mier pirveli sami Tvis
ganmavlobaSi Sesabamisi saeqimo konsultaciis Semdeg;
2. orsulobis Sewyveta qalis sicocxlis gadasarCenad an
janmrTelobis dazianebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT;
3. nayofis fizikuri an fsiqikuri arasrulfasovneba“.804
orsulobis sami Tvis Semdeg, aborti SeiZleba Catardes
mxolod Semdegi maCveneblebis arsebobisas:
 aborti aucilebelia, raTa Tavidan iqnas acilebuli
seriozuli safrTxe, romelic ver iqneba acilebuli
sxva saSualebebiT, roca es safrTxe emuqreba orsuli
qalis sicocxles, fizikur an fsiqikur janmrTelobas;
 Tu arsebobs seriozuli safrTxe imisa, rom bavSvi
SeiZleba daibados seriozuli fizikuri an gonebrivi
defeqtiT;
 Tuki qals daorsulebis droisTvis ar Sesrulebia 14
weli;
 Tuki aborti keTdeba qalis sicocxlisTvis imwuTierad
damuqrebuli safrTxis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, Tuki
safrTxis acileba sxvagvarad ver xerxdeba da iseTi
viTarebaa, roca mocemul dros samedicino daxmareba
ar iyo xelmisawvdomi.
avstriis kanonmdeblobiT arc erTi eqimi ar aris valdebuli
Seasrulos aborti an monawileoba miiRos mis gakeTebaSi. abortis
801
ix. www. moznostvolby.sk/decision of the constitutional court of 11 october 1974,39 erkentnisse und
beschluesse des verfassungsgerichthofes/ 1974/ summarized, 11.11.2009.
802
803
iqve, 553-554.
804
iqve, 554.
225
gakeTeba an mis gakeTebaSi monawileoba eqimis uflebaa da ara
valdebuleba, garda erTi gadaudebeli aucileblobisa, roca
abortis gakeTeba qalis sicocxlis gadarCenis erTaderTi
saSualebaa da roca safrTxe realuria da misi Tavidan acileba
sxvagvarad ver moxerxdeba.805 aRniSnuli daTqma metyvelebs, rom
garda dasaxelebuli gamonaklisisa, abortis marTlzomierebis
pirobebis arseobis SemTxvevaSic ki, eqimi araa valdebuli,
Seasrulos dedis moTxovna abortze.
,,pasuxismgebloba mkacrdeba Tu orsulobis Sewyveta moxda
orsuli qalis Tanxmobis gareSe, garda iseTi SemTxvevisa, rodesac
orsulobis Sewyveta xdeba qalis sicocxlis gadasarCenad, Tu
safrTxis sxvagvarad Tavidan acileba da orsulisgan Tanxmobis
miReba SeuZlebeli iyo. am ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi pasuxismgebloba
avstriis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gamoiricxeba
pasuxismgeblobis gamomricxveli iseTi garemoebis arsebobis
safuZvelze, rogoricaa dazaralebulis savaraudo Tanxmoba“.806
niderlandebis sakonstitucio sasamarTlomac me-2 muxlis
interpretaciisas mxari dauWira daniis kanonmdeblobas abortis
liberalizaciis konteqstSi, rac exmianeba zogadad evropul
saxelmwifoTa midgomas.807 niderlandebSi abortis
dekriminalizacia 1984 wels moxda. moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT
aborti nebadarTulia orsulobis 24 kviris CaTvliT, Tumca eqimTa
umravlesoba abortis gakeTebaze Tanxmdeba, Tu igi moxdeba
ჩasaxvidan araugvianes 21 kvirisa. qali valdebuli eqimTan pirveli
vizitidan abortis gakeTebamde 5 dRe moicados. aRniSnuli daTqma
fetusis interesebs emsaxureba, vinaidan arsebobs SesaZlebloba,
rom eqimTan konsultaciis Semdeg, qalma abortis gakeTeba
gadaifiqros.
abortis ganxorcielebis winare procedurebi Semdegnairia:
 eqimi valdebulia qals gamokiTxos informacia

wina abortis Sesaxeb, Tumca arsad ar aris
miTiTebuli, rom eqimi am informacias sadme
amowmebdes, rac kanonmdeblobis naklad unda
CaiTvalos;
 eqimi valdebulia qals sxvadasxva optimaluri
gamosavali SesTavazos;
 eqimi valdebulia qals miawodos informacia
abortis samedicino riskebis Sesaxeb;
805
ix. The Austrian Law,
www.gynmed.at/index.php/english/law, 05.05.2012.
806
wigni I, Tb., 2010, 554.
807
ix. www. moznostvolby.sk/decision of the constitutional court of 11 october 1974,39 erkentnisse und
beschluesse des verfassungsgerichthofes/ 1974/summarized/annual review of population law, 11.11.2009.
226
18 wlamde asakis orsulis mier abortis
gakeTebisTvis aucilebelia orsulis mSoblebis
winaswari werilobiTi Tanxmoba.808
CexeTis konstituciaSi ZiriTadi uflebebisa da
Tavisuflebebis TavSi me-6 muxlis mixedviT: ,,yvelas aqvs ufleba
sicocxleze. adamianuri sicocxle daculia dabadebamde”. CexeTSi
aborti 1957 wlidan aris legalizebuli. 1986 wels kanonma
abortis Sesaxeb liberalizacia ganicada. CexeTis kanonmdeblobis
Tanaxmad, aborti nebadarTulia orsulobis 12 kviramde.
samedicino Cvenebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, aborti dasaSvebia
orsulobis 24 kviramde. abortis gakeTeba SesaZlebelia
orsulobis nebismier etapze, Tuki saxezea samedicino Cveneba,
romlis Tanaxmadac, fetuss janmrTelobis mniSvnelovani
problemebi aqvs. abortis yvelaze gavrcelebuli forma
vakuumabortia, igive mini aborti. 809
irlandiis konstituciaSi 1983 wlis referendumis gziT
Setanili Sesworebis Tanaxmad, me-40 muxlma daubadebeli bavSvis
ufleba sicocxleze dedis sicocxlis uflebis Tanasworad.
fetusi daculia da misi sicocxlis uflebas kanonmdebeli mxars
uWers imdenad, ramdenadac es SesaZlebelia sakanonmdeblo
normatiuli aqtebiT.810 irlandiaSi aborti akrZalulia, garda
erTi gamonaklisisa _ roca orsuloba qalis sicocxles uqmnis
safrTxes. im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki irlandiaSi mcxovrebi qali
abortis gakeTebas gadawyvets, mas ufleba aqvs, aRniSnuli
mizeziTa da mizniT irlandia datovos. kanonis simkacridan
gamomdinare, irlandieli qalebi abortis gasakeTeblad sxva
qveyanaSi, ZiriTadad inglisSi, Sotlandiasa da uelsSi midian.811
irlandieli qalebi sakuTar janmrTelobas riskaven da saaborte
abebs internetiT iweren, vinaidan maT nawils abortis
gasakeTeblad mogzaurobis dafinanseba ar SeuZliaT. 812
inglisSi, uelssa da SotlandiaSi aborti legaluria, Tu
saxezea orsuloba 24 kviramde da ori eqimi daadasturebs Semdegi
ori mizezidan erT-erTs:
 orsuloba an bavSvis yola ufro meti zianis momtania
qalis fizikuri an fsiqikuri janmrTelobisTvis, vidre
aborti;
 bavSvis yola fizikur an fsiqikur zians miayenebs
qalis mier ukve gaCenil Svils an SvilTagan
romelimes.
808
ix. Termination of Pregnancy and Abortion in the Netherlands,
www.southholland.angloinfo.com/countries/holland/abortion.asp, 05.05.2012.
809
ix. Contraception and Abortion in the Czech Republic,
www.expats.cz/prague/article/health-medical/contraception-abortion, 05.05.2012.
810
ix. www.religioustolerance.org/euth7.htm, 02.04.2010.
811
ix. Abortion in Ireland,
www.thesite.org/sexandrelationships/safersex/unplannedpregnancy/abortioninireland, 05.05.2012.
812
ix. TDs reject abortion Bill in vote, Abortion by post,
www.abortioninireland.org, 05.05.2012.
227
am qveynebSi aborti nebadarTulia orsulobis nebismier
etapze, Tuki ori eqimi daaskvnis, rom:
 aborti aucilebelia qalis sicocxlis gadasarCenad;
 aborti qals mZime fizikuri an fsiqikuri zianisgan
ixsnis;
 arsebobs maRali riski imisa, rom nayofs seriozuli
fizikuri nakli an gonebrivi CamorCeniloba eqneba.813
italiaSi aborti 1978 wlis maisis Tvidan aris
dekriminirebuli. qals ufleba aqvs abortze orsulobis pirveli
90 dRis ganmavlobaSi. am vadis gasvlis Semdeg, qali
uflebamosilia mimarTos aborts janmrTelobis, ekonomikuri an
socialuri mizezebis gamo. italiaSi aborti ufasod xorcieldeba
saxelmwifo saavadmyofoebSi da saxelmwifos mier avtorizebul
kerZo klinikebSi. kanoni uflebas iZleva, orsuloba Sewydes meore
trimestris ganmavlobaSic, Tuki orsuloba qalis sicocxlesa da
janmrTelobas uqmnis safrTxes, aseve Tuki dasturdeba, rom
orsulobis gagrZelebam SesaZloa qalisTvis uaryofiTi
fsiqologiuri da fizikuri Sedegebi gamoiwvios.814
2002 wlis 3 ivnisidan Sveicariis ssk aborts legalurad
acxadebs orsulobis pirveli trimestris ganmavlobaSi. ukanono
abortis obieqtad fetuss acxadebs da pasuxismgeblobas akisrebs
rogor abortis ganmaxorcielebels, ise fetusis matarebel
qalsac.815 ,,orsulobis Sewyveta marTlzomieria Semdeg
SemTxvevebSi, Tu:
1. orsulobis Sewyveta moxda orsuli qalis werilobiT
TanxmobiT, romelsac aqvs Sesabamisi nebarTva;
2. orsulobis Sewyveta ganxorcielda sxva eqimis daskvnis
miRebis Semdeg;
3. orsulobis Sewyveta ganxorcielda im safrTxis Tavidan
asacileblad, romelic emuqreboda orsuli qalis sicocxles da
janmrTelobas;
4. Tu safrTxis Tavidaნ acileba sxvagvarad SeuZlebeli iyo.
aRniSnuli garemoebebis arsebobisas pasuxismgebloba
gamoiricxeba ukiduresi aucileblobis safuZvelze”.816
gamodis, rom aqac mxolod qalis survili araa sakmarisi da
CamoTvlili bolo ori garemoebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, safrTxe
obieqturad unda arsebobdes.
,,Sveicariis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 120-e muxlis
Tanaxmad, eqimi valdebulia samedicino Carevidan 24 saaTis
ganmavlobaSi Seitanos aRniSnulis Sesaxeb gancxadeba kantonis
813
ix. www.brook.org.uk/pregnancy/abortion, 05.05.2012.
814
ix. Abortion in Italy,
www.ben.iss.it/precedenti/aprile/1apr_en.htm, 05.05.2012.
815
ix. Switzerland votes to ease laws on abortion / Rules had been among strictest in Europe,
www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Switzerland-votes-to-ease-laws-on-abortion-2831272.php, 19.05.2011.
816
wigni I, Tb., 2010, 553.
228
Sesabamis organoSi. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi mas daekisreba sisxlis
samarTlis pasuxismgebloba (Tavisuflebis aRkveთa an jarima)“.817
evropis masStabiT miRebuli kanonebi abortTan dakavSirebiT
asaxavs qalis arCevanis upiratesobas fexmZimobis pirvel
trimestrSi da icavs qalis sicocxlis uflebas iseve, rogorc
janmrTelobas mTeli fexmZimobis periodSi. amgvari midgoma ufro
wonads xdis fexmZime qalis uflebas fetusTan SedarebiT. evropis
sabWos 39 wevri qveyana yovelgvari SezRudvebis gareSe rTavs qals
abortis gakeTebis nebas fexmZimobis pirvel trimestrSi. mxolod
andora, irlandia, lixtenStaini, malta, poloneTi da san-marino
aweseben SezRudvebs abortis gakeTebaze, mciredi Terapiuli
gamonaklisebis garda.818
,,israelis sisxlis samarTlis kanonis 313-e muxlis
sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas awesebs orsulobis
შewyvetisaTvis, riTac icavs ara nayofis, aramed orsuli qalis
sicocxlesa da janmrTelobas. Sesabamisad, am muxliT orsulobis
SewyvetisaTvis, pasuxismgebloba ekisreba ara orsul qals, aramed
imas, vinc orsul qals mucels mouSlis (es SeiZleba iyos
ginekologi an sxva piri, Tundac samedicino ganaTlebis ar
mqone)“.819 amdenad, israelis kanonmdeblobas am sakiTxSi qarTuli
kanonmdeblobis analogiurad wyvets sakiTxs.
israelis sisxlis samarTlis kanonis ,,314-e muxlis Tanaxmad,
ginekologს ar daekisreba sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba
qalis muclis moSlisTvis ori pirobis arsebobisas:
1. orsulobis Sewyveta moxdeba licenzirebul samedicino
centrSi;
2. winaswar iqna miRebuli komisiis nebarTva”.820
israelis kanonmdeblobiT orsulobis SewyvetisTvis
aucilebelia sami wevrisagan Semdgari komisiis nebarTva. ,,komisiis
SemadgenlobaSi unda Sediodnen: 1. eqimi, romelsac aqvs meanobisa
da ginekologiis sferoSi specialuri wodeba; 2. praqtikosi eqimi,
erT-erTi Semdegi sferodan: meanoba da ginekologia, fsiqiatria,
saojaxo medicina, profilaqtikuri medicina; 3. piri, romelic
registrirebulia rogorc socialuri muSaki. komisiis erT-erTi
wevri mainc unda iyos qali“.821
,,komisiis nebarTvis gacema ar avaldebulebs ginekologs
orsulobis Sewyvetas, Tu es ewinaaRmdegeba mis moralur
principebs an profesiul Sexedulebebs. komisia orsulobis
Sewyvetis nebarTvas gascems Tu:
817
wigni I, Tb., 2010, 553.
818
ix. farsadaniSvili n., statia, legalizebuli mkvleloba, korkelia k. (red.),
215.
819
820
iqve, 551.
821
iqve, 551-552.
229
1. qals ar miuRwevia saqorwino asakisTvis, an mas
Seusrulda ormoci weli;
2. orsulobis mizezia sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT
akrZaluli sqesobrivi kavSiri, an sisxlis aRreva, an
qorwinebis gareSe urTierToba;
3. axalSobili SeiZleba aRmoCndes fizikuri an mentaluri
naklis mqone;
4. orsulobis gagrZeleba SeiZleba safrTxe Seuqmnas TviT
qalis sicocxles an daazianos misi fizikuri an
fsiqikuri janmrTeloba”.822
orsulobis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb nebarTvis gacemis ufleba
komisias aqvs orsuli qalisgan gacnobierebuli Tanxmobis miRebis
Semdeg. gacnobierebuli Tanxmoba gulisxmobs qalis werilobiT
Tanxmobas, mas Semdeg rac mas auxsnian yvela fizikuri da
fsiqikuri safrTxis Sesaxeb, romelic SeiZleba warmoiSvas
orsulobis SewyvetasTan dakavSirebiT. arasrulwlovanTa Tanxmoba
ar saWiroebs maTi warmomadgenlis damowmebas.
,,eqimi Tavisufldeba sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobisagan Tu: 1. ucilebeli iyo orsulobis
dauyonebliv Sewyveta qalis sicocxlis gadarCenis an misi
janmrTelobis dazianebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT; 2. orsulobis
Sewyveta ganxorcielda orsuli qalisaTvis sxva aucilebeli
samedicino daxmarebis dros, da eqimma winaswar ar icoda, rom
qali orsuli iyo”.823
sadavoa sakiTxi, unda moxdes Tu ara dedisTvis
pasuxismgeblobis dakisreba, roca igi cxovrebis arajansaRi wesiT,
alkoholis, narkotikebis, fsiqotropuli an msgavsi nivTierebis
miRebiT, zians ayenebs fetuss. samwuxarod is faqti, rom fetusi
aRiarebuli ar aris samarTlis subieqtad da dedas orsulobis
nebismier stadiaze aqvs abortis gakeTebis ufleba, fetuss dedis
mxridan ganxorcielebuli nebismieri qmedebisgan daucvelobas
uqadis. samwuxarod arc saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba awesebs raime
berkets, SezRudvas, raTa fetusi dacul iqnas dedis mavne
Cvevebisgan, romelic mniSvnelovan zians ayenebs nayofs.
,,fetusis uflebasTan dakavSirebiT yvelaze mwvave dava
warmoiSoba maSin, rodesac cdiloben ipovon balansi dedisa da
nayofis uflebebs Soris. marTlac, sainteresoa, Tu romlis
interesebi unda iqnes upiratesad win wamoweuli. am kuTxiT
sakmaod mniSvnelovani gadawyvetileba gamoitana kanadis
sasamarTlom Winnipeg-is saqmeSi”. 824
,,1996 wlis agvistoSi kanadis qalaq uinnipegis sasamarTloSi
Sevida sarCeli, romelic Seexeboda 21 wlis qalbaton D.G.-s. igi, 5
Tvis orsuli da uimedod midrekili narkotikebisadmi, ufro
konkretulad, webos ynosvisadmi (toqsikomania), ukve iyo deda 3
822
823
iqve, 552.
824
218.
230
Svilisa, romelTagan 2 naklovani daibada dedis narkotikebze
damokidebulebis gamo. dabadebisTanave es bavSvebi saxelmwifos
meurveobis qveS moeqcnen. uinnipegis bavSvTa da ojaxis
momsaxurebis samsaxurma araerTxel scada daerwmunebina
qalbatoni D.G. dasTanxmeboda daxmarebas, magram is uariT
pasuxobda“.825
,,xsenebulma samsaxurma mimarTa sasamarTlos da moiTxova,
eiZulebinaT igi, fexmZimobis darCenili dro samedicino
dawesebulebaSi gaetarebina. sasamarTloSi uinnipegis bavSvTa da
ojaxis momsaxurebis samsaxurs warmoadgenda advokati hezer
leonofi. man ganacxada, rom qalbatoni fetusis mowamvliT
arRvevda kanadis kanonmdeblobis im normebs, romlebic Seexeboda
dedis mxridan sakuTar Svilze zrunvas. qalbatoni D.G.-s
warmomadgenelma filipsma aRniSna, rom fetusi, kanadis
kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, ar aris legalurad damoukidebuli
arseba da Sesabamisad, erTaderTi adamiani, visac ziani adgeboda
dedis mier narkotikebis gamoyenebis Sedegad, iyo Tavad deda“.826
,,mosamarTle Sulmanma jer brZana, rom qalbatons gaevlo
fsiqiatriuli Semowmeba da Tu dadasturdeboda fsiqikuri
aSliloba, mas moaTavsebdnen narkotikebze damokidebulTa
sameurveo dawesebulebaSi, magram Semdeg Secvala gadawyvetileba
da brZana misi moTavseba socialuri uzrunvelyofis organoTa
meurveobis qveS“.827
,,q. manitobas saapelacio sasamarTlom gaauqma pirveli
instanciis sasamarTlos brZaneba. misi mtkiceba eyrdnoboda imas,
rom nebismieri saxis ziani fetuss SeiZleboda midgomoda pirvel
trimestrSi, xolo qalbatoni 5 Tvis fexmZime iyo, anu
uaxlovdeboda meore trimestris dasasruls. sasamarTlos aseve
aRelvebda D.G.-s samoqalaqo uflebebi. orive, dedac da fetusic,
mZime viTarebaSi imyofeboda, orivem gamoscada epilefsiuri
Seteva“.828 sasamarTlom pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos ganaCeni
Secvala imgvarad, rom D.G.-s mxolod savaldebulo samedicino
procedurebis Catareba daavaldebula.829
,,uinnipegis bavSvTa da ojaxis momsaxurebis samsaxurma
gadawyvetileba gaasaCivra kanadis uzenaes sasamarTloSi 1996 wlis
oqtomberSi. sasamarTlos mier gamokiTxul iqna 12 jgufi,
romlebsac miekuTvnebodnen religiis warmomadgenlebi, qalTa
uflebebis damcveli gaerTianebebi, samoqalaqo Tavisuflebis
organizaciebi da a.S. 1997 wlis 31 oqtombers kanadis uzenaesma
sasamarTlom 7 xmiT 2-is winaaRmdeg gamoitana gadawyvetileba,
romelSic aRniSna, rom aravis ar hqonda ufleba, Careuliyo qalis
825
219.
826
iqve, 219.
827
iqve, 219.
828
iqve, 219.
829
ix. Balancing the rights of the woman and her fetus,
www.religioustolerance.org/abo_feta.htm, 05.05.2012.
231
fexmZimobaSi misi survilis sawinaaRmdegod, maSinac ki, roca misi
cxovrebis wesi safrTxes uqmnis fetuss”.830
,,mosamarTle maklaClinma, romelic gadawyvetilebas werda
umravlesobis saxeliT, aRniSna: ,,kanoni aRiarebs mxolod
dabadebul adamians. nebismieri ufleba an interesi, romelic
fetuss aqvs, gamouyenebelia manam, sanam is ar daibadeba. nebismieri
mcdeloba imisa, rom ZaldatanebiT moepyron fexmZime qals,
arRvevs personaluri Tavisuflebis yvelaze wminda sferos _
nebismieri adamianis uflebas, icxovros da gadaadgildes
Tavisuflad. fexmZime qali da misi nayofi arian erTni. fetusis
dacva gamoiwvevs dedis fundamenturi uflebebis SezRudvas –
cxovrebis stilisa da adgilis Tavisuflad arCevas. man aRniSna,
rom, Tu saxelmwifo uflebamosili iqneba, Caerios fexmZimeebis
cxovrebaSi, dedebi, ubralod, uars ityvian bavSvebis gaCenaze da
aborts gaikeTeben, radganac ar isurveben sakuTar Cvevebze uaris
Tqmas”.831 uzenaesma sasamarTlom aseve daadgina, rom ar arsebobda
subieqti, romlis dacvac uinnipegis bavSvTa da ojaxis
momsaxurebis samsaxurs SeeZlo, vinaidan bavSvi jer dabadebuli
ar iyo, Sesabamisad, igi subieqtad ver iqneboda cnobili. amasTan
miuTiTa, rom dedis iZuleba, orsuli qalis Tavisuflebis
SezRudvas gamoiwvevda, rac mxolod kanonis prerogativas
warmoadgenda, xolo kandaSi dasjadi ar aris toqsikomania iseve,
rogorc alkoholizmi.832
,,mosamarTleebma, sopinkam da maiorma, gansxvavebuli
pozicia daafiqsires gadawyvetilebaSi da miuTiTes, rom fexmZime
qalbatonis survilebis winaaRmdeg mis cxovrebaSi Careva
SesaZlebelia im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac dedis cxovrebis wesi
fetuss ayenebs seriozul zians”.833
,,ganxiluli Winnipeg-is saqmis msgavsi gadawyvetileba miiRo
kanadis uzenaesma sasamarTlom abortTan dakavSirebiT, saqmeze –
R. v. Morganthaler, sadac uaryo wesi, romlis Sesabamisadac fetusi
uflebamosili iyo, gamoeyenebina dacvis is garantiebi, romlebic
fizikur pirebs hqondaT, kanadis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa
qartiis Sesabamisad. man dagmo kanadis abortebis SemzRudveli
kanonmdebloba, im sababiT, rom is uxeSad arRvevda qalebis
ZiriTad uflebas, kerZod ki fizikuri piris usafrTxoebas”.834
,,samxreT afrikis umaRlesi sasamarTlos transvaalis
provinciis ganyofilebam ganixila sakonstitucio dava saqmeze –
Christian Lawyers Association of South Africa and others v Minister of Health and
others. sakiTxi Seexeboda arsebul kanons fexmZimobis Sewyvetis
Sesaxeb, romlis Sesabamisad, aranairi SezRudva ar wesdeboda
abortis gakeTebaze fexmZimobis pirvel trimestrSi da
830
831
iqve, 220.
832
ix. McK.Norrie K., Protecting The Unborn Child From Its Drug or Alcohol Abusing Mother, Law and
Medicine, Freemen M., Lewis A. (eds.), Oxford, Vol. 3, 2000, 236.
833
834
iqve, 220-221.
232
liberaluri SezRudvebiT dasaSvebad cxaddeboda fexmZimobis
Sewyveta orsulobis gvian stadiebze”.835
,,mosarCeleebi amtkicebdnen, rom kanoni ewinaaRmdegeboda
konstituciis me-11 seqcias, romlis Sesabamisad, ,,yvelas aqvs
sicocxlis ufleba”. sasamarTlos unda gadaewyvita, ramdenad
vrceldeboda konstituciaSi Cawerili sityva ,,yvelas” fetusis
sicocxlis uflebaze. sasamarTlom daadgina, rom: ,,aseTi
interpretacia aris usafuZvlo. miT umetes, Tu me-11 seqcia iqneba
ganmartebuli ise, rom sicocxlis konstituciuri dacva
vrceldeba fetusze, maSin Zalian Sors mimavali da anomaluri
Sedegebi dadgeba: fetusis sicocxlis uflebac iseTive dacviT
isargeblebs, rogoriTac dedis. aborti konstituciurad iqneba
akrZaluli im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac dedis sicocxles
seriozuli safrTxe emuqreba. es akrZalva imoqmedebs maSinac,
roca fexmZimoba iqneba gaupatiurebis an sisxlis arRevis Sedegi,
an Tu dadgindeba, rom bavSvi daibadeba fizikuri da fsiqikuri
nakliT. Tu mosarCeleTa moTxovna sworad aris dasmuli, maSin
gamodis, rom fexmZimobis Sewyveta abortis danaSauls ki ar
Seadgens, aramed mkvlelobas.” sasamarTlos SexedulebiT,
konstituciis Semdgenlebs ar hqoniaT ganzraxuli, aseTi Sors
mimavali Sedegebi damdgariyo, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, msgavsi
bundovani cneba ar iqneboda da gakeTdeboda specialuri Canaweri.
am argumentebze dayrdnobiT sasamarTlom daadgina, rom fetusi ar
aris fizikuri piri konstituciis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare”.836
sasamarTlos zemoaRniSnuli ganmarteba
aradamakmayofileblad mimaCnia, vinaidan kanonmdeblobiT
SesaZlebelia erTdroulad fetusis sicocxlis uflebis dacvac
da ukve dabadebuli piris, dedis sasargeblos gamonaklisebis
dawesebac, rac erTdroulad orives interesebs daicavs.
,,21-e saukuneSi aralegaluri abortebi isev problemaa.
aRniSnulis gamo, msoflio masStabiT, 67 900 qali iRupeba“.837
zog qveyanaSi, magaliTad rogoric aris iaponia, abortebis
ricxvma dabadebul CvilTa raodenobas gadaaWarba.838
ganviTarebad qveynebSi daaxloebiT 215 milioni qali
cdilobs ar gaaCinos bavSvi, an gadawios gaCenis periodi, Tumca
amisTvis Tanamedrove kontracefcias ar mimarTaven. aRniSnuli
kategoriis qalebi msoflioSi arsebul orsulTa saerTo
raodenobis 80 procents Seadgenen.839
,,fetusis ufleba dReisaTvis ar aris daculi. ufro
konkretulad ki, marTalia, aRiarebulia, rom fetusi cocxali
835
836
farsadaniSvili n., dasax. statia, 222. citirebulia, Christian Lawyers Association of
South Africa and others v Minister of Health and others the High Court of South Africa, Transvaal
Provincial Division, 50 BMLR 241, 10 July, 1998.
837
www.larussophobe.wordpress.com/2008/10/06/editorial-russia-and-its-abortion-apocalypse,
12.11.2011.
838
ix. Stallworthy J., The right to live, oxford, 2001, 1.
839
ix. www.guttmacher.org/media/nr/2011/08/29/index.html, August 29, 2011, The world at seven
billion: Helping women achieve their desired damily size is the micro-level solution to a macro-level
challenge, 03.05.2011.
233
arsebaa, magram misi sicocxle mainc ar aris miCneuli dedis
tolfas samarTlebriv sikeTed. Sesabamisad, fexmZime qals rCeba
ufleba imisa, rom moaxdinos orsulobis xelovnuri Sewyveta da
veravin aiZulebs mas, SeinarCunos Canasaxi. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi
moxdeba darRveva qalis iseTi ZiriTadi uflebebisa, rogoricaa:
ufleba pirad cxovrebaze, usafrTxod cxovrebis ufleba da
Tanasworobisa da aradiskriminaciulobis ufleba“.840
2001 wlis statistikuri monacemebis Tanaxmad, msoflioSi
weliwadSi 46 milioni aborti keTdeba. aqedan, 19 milioni riskiani
da saSiSia, radgan arakvalificiuri adamianis mier iseT WuWyian
da arahigienur garemoSi keTdeba, romelic minimalur samedicino
standartebsac ki ver akmayofilebs. msoflio masStabiT, 5
fexmZimobidan yoveli 1 SemTxveva abortiT mTavrdeba. 10
SemTxvevidan ki 1 riskiani da saSiSi abortia. yoveli 5 riskiani
abortidan 2 SemTxveva aris 15 wlamde gogonebSi, 7-dan erTi
SermTxveva ki aris 20 wlamde asakis gogonebSi. riskiani abortebis
Sedegad, dedaTa sikvdilianobis maCvenebeli Semdegia: msoflio
masStabiT – 67 900, ganviTarebul qveynebSi – 400, ganviTarebadSi –
67 500. rac Seexeba safrTxiani abortebis asakobriv zRvars,
ganviTarebad qveynebSi 26%-s 20-24 wlis gogonebi Seadgenen, 25%-s
25-29 wlis qalbatonebi, 19%-s 30-34 wlis qalebi, 17%-s 35-44 wlis,
14%-s - 15-19 wlis axalgazrdebi. ganviTarebad qveynebSi
daaxloebiT 6 qorwinebidan erTi qali arasasurveli fexmZimobis
winaSe dgas. maT urCevniaT ar dafexmZimdnen, magram
kontraceptivebs ar iyeneben. im qveynebSi, sadac abortebi
legaluria, qalebi ufro daculebi arian, radgan abortebs
specialistebi akeTeben. rac Seexeba kontraceptivebis moxmarebas,
saqarTveloSi arsebuli statistikiT, 2007 wels 2005 welTan
SedarebiT misi moxmareba 11,5%-iT Semcirda.841
,,gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis mier mowodebuli
abortTa ricxvis statistikis mixedviT, romelic Catarebul iqna
2007 wlis 8 oqtombers, ruseTSi aborts ikeTebs qalTa 53.7%,
aSS-Si 20.8%, maRalia ukrainis maCvenebelic _ 27.5%, saqarTveloSi
ki es ricxvi _ 19.1%-ia“.842
840
841
842
www.larussophobe.wordpress.com/2008/10/06/editorial-russia-and-its-abortion-apocalypse,
12.11.2011.
234
Tavi 8. fetusis sicocxlis ufleba da samarTlebrivi statusi
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis mixedviT
meore msoflio omis dasrulebis Semdeg, adamianis uflebebisa da

ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebis dacvis sakiTxi saerTaSoriso
samarTalSi erT-erT yvelaze mniSvnelovan sakiTxad iqca.
,,adamianis uflebaTa koncefcia“ konstituciuri samarTlis
struqturas emTxveva, romlis mizania, Zalauflebis borotad
gamoyenebisagan xelisuflebis saxeliTYdaicvas adamianis
uflebebi saxelmwifo organoebis mxridan .
saqarTvelom samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos aRmSeneblobis
gzaze dadgomis Sedegad aRiara da gamoacxada saerTaSoriso
samarTlis uzenaesi standartebi, razec 1995 wlis 24 agvistos
saqarTvelos parlamentis mier qveynis ZiriTadi kanonis
(konstituciis) miRebac metyvelebs. 843 saqarTvelos konstituciaSi
adamianis uflebaTa dacviT ganxorcielda adamianis Semdgomi
arsebobis keTildReobis garantireba. qveynis ZiriTadma kanonma
ara mxolod adamianis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis
sayovelTaoba daakanona, aramed gansazRvra am uflebebisa da
Tavisuflebebis dasacavad ZiriTadi samarTlebrivi normebi.
,,sicocxlis ufleba adamianis erT-erT ZiriTad pirad
uflebas warmoadgens, romelic daculia saerTaSoriso samarTlis
normebiT da saqarTvelos konstituciis me-15 muxliT”.844
,,saqarTvelos konstitucia me-15 muxlis pirveli punqtiT
aRiarebs sicocxlis ZiriTad uflebas: ,,sicocxle adamianis
xelSeuvali ufelbaa da mas icavs kanoni”. amasTan aRsaniSnavia,
rom konstituciis me-15 muxli sicocxlis uflebas icavs, fetusis
sicocxlis uflebis dacvaze raime konkretuli miTiTebis
gakeTebis gareSe“.845
,,sicocxlis ufleba saxelmwifos ara marto ukrZalavs
adamianis mokvlas, aramed imavdroulad avaldebulebs mas,
aqtiurad daicvas adamianis sicocxle“.846
,,sicocxlis ZiriTad uflebas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba
eniWeba orsulobis Sewyvetis samarTlebrivi mowesrigebis
sakiTxSi. sakiTxi problemuria imdenad, ramdenadac aq nayofis
sicocxlis ZiriTadi ufleba qalis sicocxlisa da janmrTelobis
aseve ZiriTad uflebas upirispirdeba“.847
Zvel saqarTveloSi muclis moSla mkacrad isjeboda.
,,abortis dasjadobis normebs vxvdebiT, rogorc saero, ise
saeklesio samarTlis ZeglebSi. saeklesio samarTliT, muclis
843
ix. saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis 1998 wlis yovelwliuri angariSi, Tb.,
1999.
844
cnobilaZe, saqarTvelos konstituciuri samarTali, Tb., 2000, 150.
845
(red.), Tb., 2006, 188.
846
847
iqve, 127.
235
mowyveta dasjadia orsulobis nebismier stadiaze da igi
nebadarTulia maSin, rodesac nayofi safrTxes uqmnis qalis
sicocxles. am SemTxvevaSi warmoiSoba kolizia nayofis da dedis
sicocxlis uflebas Soris. orsuli qalisTvis muclis moSlis
akrZalva im dros, rodesac nayofi orsulis sicocxles safrTxes
uqmnis, iqneboda TviTmkvlelobis iZuleba, rac kanonikuri
samarTliT udides codvad iTvleba. aravis ara aqvs ufleba,
aiZulos orsuli qali, Tavi Sewiros nayofis sicocxlis
gadarCenas. adamians ar gaaCnia ara Tu sxvisi, aramed sakuTari
sicocxlis gankargvis uflebac. adamians SeuZlia mxolod
isargeblos am uflebiT”.848
didi sjulis kanoni muclis xelovnurad moSlas
mkvlelobasTan aigivebda da pasuxismgeblobas akisrebda rogorc
imas, vinc qals muceli mouSala, ise orsul qals. muclis
xelovnurad moSla gamocxadebuli iyo rogorc nayofis
sicocxlis mospoba (vinaidan kanoni fetuss Casaxvis momentidan
sicocxlis uflebis matareblad acxadebda) da TviTmkvlelobisken
gadadgmuli nabiji, vinaidan safrTxe eqmneboda orsulis
sicocxlesa da janmrTelobas. 849
didi sjulis kanoniT, ,,dedis mimarT, romelic nayofs
mucelSi spobda, gamoiyeneboda sxvadasxva saxis sasjelebi,
romelTagan erT-erTs uziarebloba warmoadgenda. uziarebloba
saeklesio sasjelis saxe iyo, romelsac Semdgom morwmune
adamianisTvis metad mZime Sedegebi mohyveboda, kerZod, vinc sami
kviris ganmavlobaSi ar eziareboda, kanonis Tanaxmad, eklesiidan
unda gandevniliyo. Tavdapirvelad zemoaRniSnuli danaSaulis
Camden pirTa mimarT gamoiyeneboda sikvdilamde uziarebloba,
romelic Semdgom Seicvala 10 wlamde uziareblobiT”.850
vaxtang VI samarTlis wignTa krebulis Tanaxmad (berZnuli
samarTlis qarTuli versia, muxli 76, 77), qals, romelic raime
wamliT mucelSi Svils moiklavda, sasjelad droebiTi eqsoria
eniSneboda, qmari mas maSinve unda gaSoreboda. muclis mosaSleli
wamlis mimcems, Tu igi Raribi iyo, mefisgan Sepyroba, cema da
gamawbilebeli sasjeli (gakreWa, virze Sesma da sxva) moeloda,
xolo Tu mdidari — darbeva da gaZeveba. Tu wamlis miRebis
Semdeg qali mokvdeboda, damnaSaves Tavs mohkveTdnen.851
,,daviT batoniSvilis samarTlis mixedviT, dedakaci muclis
pirvelad moSlisTvis eklesiuri kanoniT isjeboda, xolo
ganmeorebiT misi Cadena miCneul iyo pasuxismgeblobis
damamZimebel garemoebad da igi gamaTraxebiT isjeboda”.852
sayuradReboa, rom mocemuli samarTlis mixedviT, roca wamlis
mimcemi gaufrTxileblobiT moqmedebda, igi ufro msubuqad
isjeboda, vidre wamlis ganzrax mimcemi.853 aqedan Cans, rom daviT
848
849
ix. iqve, 517-518.
850
iqve, 519.
851
ix. www.orthodoxy.ge/tserilebi/siskhli_gagadebs.htm, 11.08.2011.
852
853
ix. iqve, 523.
236
batoniSvilis samarTali diferencirebul pasuxismgeblobas
awesebda ganzraxi da gaufrTxileblobiTi danaSaulisaTvis.
saqarTveloSi ukanono, xelovnuri aborti im dromde
isjeboda, vidre sabWoTa xelisufleba movidoda qveynis saTaveSi.
amis Semdgom xelovnuri aborti kanonierad gamocxadda da es wesi
1936 wlis 27 ivnisamde moqmedebda.854
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, adamianis sicocxle
iwyeba im momentidan, rodesac axalSobili dedis sxeulidan
gamoyofas iwyebs. Sesabamisad, saubari mkvlelobis Sesaxeb
mxolod maSin aris SesaZlebeli, rodesac nayofi nawilobriv
mainc gamoeyofa dedis saSos, Tundac jer ar sunTqavdes. amis gamo
kanoni ar axdens orsulobis xelovnuri Sewyvetis
kriminalizacias, Tu, ra Tqma unda, daculi iqneba kanonis yvela
moTxovna. amave dros, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs
sakmaod mkacr sanqciebs, maT Soris Tavisuflebis aRkveTas
ukanono abortis ganxorcielebisaTvis.
qarTuli samarTaldamcavi sistema iTvaliswinebs ra qalis
uflebas _ ,,damoukideblad gansazRvros Svilebis raodenoba da
dabadebis dro”855 sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas ar
awesebs ,,kanonieri“ abortisaTvis.
,,saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis Tanaxmad, adamianis
uflebaunarianoba warmoiSoba ara Casaxvis momentidan, aramed,
dabadebis momentidan, xolo Tanamedrove medicinis mixedviT,
dabadebis momentad iTvleba nayofis gamoyofa dedis
saSvilosnodan“.856
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo samarTlis kodqsis 1037-e muxlis
„b“ qvepunqti SesaZleblad acxadebs, rom memkvidred gamocxaddes
Casaxuli, magram jerac daubadebeli bavSvi: memkvidreebi SeiZleba
iyvnen anderZiT memkvidreobisas: „pirebi, romlebic cocxlebi
iyvnen mamkvidreblis sikvdilis momentisaTvis, agreTve isini,
romlebis Caisaxnen mis sicocxleSi da daibadnen misi
gardacvalebis Semdeg, miuxedavad imisa, misi Svilebi arian isini
Tu ara, aseve iuridiuli pirebi.“ es imas niSnavs, rom Tu Casaxul
bavSvs, marTalia, arasrulad (vinaidan kanoniT memkvidreoba masze
ar vrceldeba), magram mainc aqvs ufleba memkvidreobaze, igi
gvevlineba samarTlis subieqtad. aqedan sruliad gaugebaria, Tu
ratom, ra safuZvliT ar isjeba misi mkvleloba. yuradReba unda
mieqces im garemoebas, rom samoqalaqo samarTlis kodeqsi ar
akonkretebs, Tu ra xnis unda iyos Casaxuli bavSvi, es ufleba rom
moipovos. amitom, nayofi uflebebs SeiZens im momentidan, rodesac
samedicino gamokvleviT savsebiT da utyuarad dadasturdeba
854
ix. Serbanescu F., Stupp P., Westoff C., Contraception Matters: Two Approaches to Analyzing
Evidence of the Abortion Decline in Georgia,
www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3609910.html, 24.07.2011.
855
saqarTvelos kanoni janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb, muxli 136.
856
kublaSvili k., ZiriTadi uflebebi, gamomc. jisiai, Tb., 2003, 124-125.
237
qalis orsuloba. es ki, rogorc zemoTac aRiniSna, sakmaod
adreul etapze xdeba.857
miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi
aRiarebs fetusis memkvidreobis uflebas, fetusi samarTlis
subieqtad aRiareba mis cocxlad dabadebazea damokidebuli, rac
imas niSnavs, rom Tuki deda aborts gaikeTebs, an bunebrivad
muceli moeSleba, an nayofi gardacvlili daibadeba, fetusi
samoqalaqo samarTlis subieqti ver gaxdeba. verc is faqti, rom
Tundac konkretul SemTxvevaSi fetusi ukve moisazrebodes
memkvidred, ver SeuSlis xels dedas, gaikeTos aborti, e.i. fetusis
memkvidred gamocxadeba mas (fetuss) damatebiT samarTlebriv
garantiebs ar aniWebs da kanoni arc am SemTxvevaSi axdens mis
dacvas imgvarad, rom mis mimarT abortiს gakeTeba danaSaulad
gamoacxados.
saqarTvelos prezidentis 1999 wlis 28 ianvris #59
gankargulebis Tanaxmad, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis
saministros daevala kanonproeqtis _ ,,orsulobis xelovnurad
Sewyvetis Sesaxeb” momzadeba, ris safuZvelzec aRniSnulma
saministrom SeimuSava da saqarTvelos parlaments gansaxilvelad
warudgina dasaxelebuli kanonproeqti.858
kanonproeqtis mixedviT, orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyveta
daSvebulia orsulobis pirveli 12 kviris ganmavlobaSi _
upirobod, orsulis survilisamebr, orsulobis 12-22 kviris
ganmavlobaSi _ mxolod samedicino da socialuri Cvenebebis
mixedviT, xolo 22 kviraze xangrZlivi fexmZimobisas _ mxolod
maSin, rodesac orsuloba an mSobiaroba safrTxes uqmnis qalis
janmrTelobasa da sicocxles, an dadgenilia nayofis mZime
paTologia, seriozuli fizikuri defeqTi. misi avtorebi
miuTiTeben, rom sazogadoebam gamonaxa Sualeduri gza, romelic
iTvaliswinebs qalis uflebas, xelovnurad Sewyvitos orsuloba,
magram mxolod fexmZimobis garkveul vadamde. am vadis Semdeg
orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyveta dakavSirebulia qalis
janmrTelobisa da sicocxlis riskTan.859
saqarTvelos sazogadoebis didi nawili aRaSfoTa qveynis
mTavrobis mier SemuSavebulma kanonproeqtma ,,orsulobis
xelovnurad Sewyvetis Sesaxeb”, romelic saqarTvelos parlaments
gadaeca sakomiteto mosmenisaTvis. nacvlad imisa, rom abortis
sawinaaRmdego mimarTuli zomebi gamkacrebuliyo, kanonma
liberalizacia ganicada... moqmedi kanonmdeblobisagan
gansxvavebiT, dasaSvebi xdeba 12-22 kviris (5 Tvenaxevris)
orsulobis Sewyveta.860 zemoxsenebuli gancxadeba gakeTda 2000
wlis maisis gazeT ,,kviris palitraSi”.
857
858
859
ix. iqve, 265.
860
gazeTi kviris palitra, 22-28 maisi, 2000, #21 (266).
238
,,orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyvetis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos
kanonis zogadi debuleba awesrigebs urTierTobebs fizikur da
iuridiul pirebs Soris, orsulobis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb
gadawyvetilebis miRebisa da orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyvetis
proceduris Catarebisas, icavs, erTi mxriv, qalis janmrTelobasa
da sicocxles, xolo meores mxriv _ nayofis sicocxles, Tumca
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom kanonis zogad debulebaSi arsebuli
muxli: ,,es kanoni... icavs nayofis sicocxles“, winaaRmdegobaSi
modis TviT kanonis koncefciasTan iqidan gamomdinare, rom
warmodgenili kanoni fetusis sicocxlis uflebis dacvas ki ar
iTvaliswinebs, aramed teqstSi arc ki aris naxsenebi raime
amdagvari, rac aucileblad gamosasworebelia.
saqarTvelos kanoni ,,janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb“,
konkretulad ki misi 136-e muxlis mixedviT, saqarTvelos yvela
moqalaqes aqvs ufleba, damoukideblad gansazRvros Svilebis
raodenoba da dabadebis dro. calsaxaa, rom aRniSnuli kanoniT,
,,saxelmwifos prioritetuli amocanaa qalTa janmrTelobis dacva,
abortebis Semcirebis gziT“,861 xolo fetusis sicocxlis ufleba
damatebiTi dacvis obieqtia.
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, ,,orsulobis
nebayoflobiTi Sewyveta nebadarTulia mxolod licenzirebul
samedicino dawesebulebaSi licenzirebuli eqimis mier da mxolod
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu:
a) orsulobis xangrZlivoba ar aRemateba Tormet kviras;
b) orsuls samedicino dawesebulebaSi Cautarda winaswari
gasaubreba da gasaubrebidan gasulia sami dRis mosafiqrebeli
vada. amasTan, gasaubrebis dros eqimi valdebulia, upiratesoba
mianiWos nayofis sicocxlis dacvas da yvelanairad Seecados,
daarwmunos deda nayofis SenarCunebis aucileblobaSi.862 arCevani
yvela SemTxvevaSi qalis prerogativaa. swored zemoaRniSnuli
adasturebs, rom orsuli qalis sicocle da janmrTeloba
kanonisTvis prioritetulia, xolo fetusis sicocxlis ufleba _
dacvis damatebiTi obieqti.
aborti nebadarTulia Tormet kviraze meti xangrZlivobis
orsulobis SemTxvevaSic, magram mxolod maSin, roca arsebobs
nayofis sicocxlis ZiriTad uflebaSi aseTi Carevis
samarTlebrivi safuZveli _ samedicino an socialuri Cvenebebi.863
aRniSnul kanonSi ver vipoviT teqsts, romelic
erTmniSvnelovnad miuTiTebda fetusis sicocxlis samarTlebriv
garantiaze. TiTqos fetusi mxolod dedis sxeulis nawilia da mas
mxolod garkveuli drois (12, xolo gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi 22
kviris) Semdeg eniWeba ,,momavali adamianis“ statusi. gamodis, rom
861
(red.), Tb., 2006, 197.
862ix. saqarTvelos kanoni janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb, 139-e muxlis me-2
nawili.
863
ix. iqve, 140-e muxlis me-2 nawili.
239
sanam embrioni adamianis formas ar SeiZens, kanoni mas saTanado
dacviT ar uzrunvelyofs.
is, rom 12 kviramde fetusi sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis
ZiriTadi obieqti ar aris, ganpirobebulia imiT, rom 12 kviramde
orsulobis dros gakeTebuli aborti, rogorc wesi, naklebad
mavnebelia dedis sicocxlisa da janmrTelobisTvis, vinaidan
mocemul periodSi fetusi zomiT pataraa da misi dedis sxeulidan
gamodevna SeiZleba rogorc saaborte abebis daxmarebiT, aseve mini
abortiT, e.i. dedis janmrTelobisTvis safrTxis Seqmnisa da
zianis miyenebis gareSe, an minimaluri zianis miyenebiT. faqtia,
rom mocemul SemTxvevaSic upirvelesad gaTvaliswinebulia dedis
sicocxle da janmrTeloba.
isic gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom 12 kviramde fetuss adamianis
zusti forma ar gaaCnia, swored 12 kviris Semdeg xdeba misi
adamianis fizionomiis identurad Camoyalibeba imgvarad, rom mas
yvela adamianuri organo ganviTarebuli aqvs da mxolod zomaSi
zrdas ganagrZobs.
saqarTvelos ssk-is 133-e muxli exeba im samarTlebriv
pasuxismgeblobas, romelic warmoiSoba aralegaluri abortis
Sedegad. mocemuli muxli sami nawilisgan Sedgeba. pirveli
nawilis ZaliT isjeba ukanono aborti; meore nawilSi
damamZimebel garemoebadaa dasaxelebuli igive qmedeba, Cadenili
ukanono abortisaTvis msjavrdebulis mier, ramac gamoiwvia
Svilosnobis samudamo moSla an sxva mZime Sedegi; mesame nawilis
ZaliT, gansakuTrebiT damaZimebel garemoebadaa miCneuli ukanono
aborti, ramac gamoiwvia sicocxlis mospoba.
,,saqarTveloSi aborti 1955 wlidan aris legalizebuli.
aqedan gamomdinare, aborti isjeba ara rogorc Canasaxis
sicocxlisunarianobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSauli, aramed
rogorc danaSauli, romelic safrTxeSi agdebs qalis
janmrTelobasa da sicocxles. ukanono abortis
sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis obieqtia orsuli qalis
janmrTeloba da sicocxle“,864
ismis kiTxva: icavs Tu ara saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba
fetuss? am kiTxvaze pasuxs arapirdapir iZleva saqarTvelos
kanoni ,,janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb“ (139-e muxlis me-2 nawili),
romlis Tanaxmadac, abortis gakeTebamde eqimi valdebulia
gaesaubros qals, am saubris dro upiratesoba mianiWos nayofis
sicocxlis dacvas da yvelanairad Seecados, daarwmunos deda
nayofis SenarCunebis aucileblobaSi, amasTan kanoniT
gaTvalisiwnebulia mosafiqrebeli 3 dRiani vada. gasaubreba da
mosafiqrebeli vada fetusis gadarCenas emsaxureba, e.i. am
SemTxvevaSi kanoni icavs fetuss da ara mxolod qalis
janmrTelobas. sam dRiani mosafiqrebeli vada aranair garantias
ar uqmnis qalis janmrTelobas, amisTvis ara aqvs mniSvneloba
aborti gasaubrebis da sami dRis gasvlis Semdeg gakeTdeba Tu
864
240
manაmde. kanonis es daTqma fetusis sasikeTod muSaobs, raTa qals
kidev misces dro, dafiqrdes miRebuli gadawyvetilebis sisworeze.
sityvebi ,,yvelanairad Seecados, daarwmunos deda nayofis
SenarCunebis aucileblobaSi“ metyvelebs, rom kanonis am
daTqmisTvis prioriteti fetusis sicocxlea. amasTan, SesaZloa
vifiqroT, rom mocemuli daTqmis mizani fetusis sicocxlis
Semdeg, dedis janmrTelobis dacvac aris, vinaidan kanonmdebeli
cdilobs dedas abortis gakeTeba gadaafiqrebinos, raTa man Tavi
xifaTSi ar Caigdos.
maSasadame, ukanono abortis sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis
ZiriTadi obieqtia orsuli qalis janmrTeloba da sicocxle,
xolo fetusis sicocxle da normaluri ganviTareba
sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis damatebiTi obieqtia.
obieqturi mxriv ukanono aborti gamoixateba orsulobis
(fexmZimobis) xelovnurad SewyvetaSi. aborti SeiZleba gakeTdes
sxvadasxva xerxiTa da saSualebiT, mag: abortisaTvis metwilad
iyeneben specialur xelsawyoebs. abortis gamosawvevad iyeneben
agreTve qimiur xsnarebsa da nivTierebebs, rac SehyavT orsuli
qalis organizmSi rogorc daleviT, aseve ineqciiT da sxv.
danaSaulis SemadgenlobisaTvis ara aqvs mniSvneloba, Tu
saxeldobr ra xerxi da saSualeba iqna gamoyenebuli abortis
gasakeTeblad.
aborti ukanonodaa miCneuli yvela im SemTxvevaSi, roca igi
xorcieldeba kanonisa da kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqtebis
moTxovnaTa sawinaaRmdegod. igi unda gaakeTos Sesabamisi
profilis umaRlesi gaaTlebis mqone pirma (aseTad iTvleba eqimi
ginekologi da ginekolog _ qirurgi), rom igi unda gakeTdes
samkurnalo dawesebulebaSi (aseTad iTvleba saavadmyofo an
samSobiaro saxli), Tanac saTanado sanitarul pirobebSi.
rac Seexeba abortis ukuCvenebas, igi arsebobs iseTi
daavadebisas, rogoricaa: mwvave gonorea, sasqeso organoebis mwvave
anTebiTi procesebi, Cirqovani procesebi (organizmis ra nawilSic
ar unda iyos igi lokalizebuli) da sxv.865 garda amisa, abortis
ukuCveneba arsebobs maSinac, rodesac orsuloba 12 kviras
aRemateba, aseve Tu adre gakeTebuli abortis Semdeg 6 Tveze
naklebi gavida.866 amrigad, abortis gakeTebis samedicino
ukuCvenebad unda iqnas gagebuli iseTi SemTxveva, roca qalis
janmrTelobis mdgomareobidan gamomdinare, dauSvebelia abortis
gakeTeba, magram igi mainc keTdeba. antisanitarul pirobebad
miCneulia sisufTavisa da avadmyofTa janmrTelobis dacvisaTvis
saWiro RonisZiebaTa erTobliobis ararseboba. Sesabamisi
profilis umaRlesi ganaTlebis armqone pirebs miekuTvneba
sxvadasxva profilis eqimebi (qirurgi, Terapevti, stomatologi,
epidemiologi, nevropaTologi da sxv.). amrigad, umaRlesi
samedicino ganaTlebis Sesabamisi profilis armqoneebad iTvlebian
865
ix. medikamenturi aborti, klinikuri praqtikis erovnuli rekomendacia
(gaidlaini/protokoli), 2010, 14.
866
ix. www.aversi.ge/main_jurnal.php?lang=geo&id=1607&cat_id=2, 17.08.2011.
241
ara marto is pirebi, romelTac araviTari samedicino ganaTleba
ara aqvT, aramed iseTebic, romlebsac Tumca aqvT samedicino
ganaTleba, magram ara umaRlesi (mag: eqTani, bebia-qali, ferSali
da sxv.) an aqvs umaRlesi samedicino ganaTleba, magram sxva
profilis (mag: stomatologi). aseT pirebs abortis gakeTeba yvela
SemTxvevaSi akrZaluli aqvT. gamonaklisia iseTi SemTxveva, roca
qals aborti ukeTdeba ukiduresi aucileblobis mdgomareobaSi,
rac qalis gadarCenis erTaderT saSualebas warmoadgens.
ukanono aborti xasiaTdeba moqmedebis marTlsawinaaRmdego
xasiaTis gacnobierebiTa da orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyvetis
surviliT (e.i. orsul qals aborti Tavad unda surdes), an misi
ganxorcielebis gardauvalobiT. Tu dadgindeba damnaSavis mxridan
pirdapiri an arapirdapiri ganzraxva ukanono abortis Tanamdevi
Sedegis mimarT, saxeze iqneba sicocxlis an janmrTelobis
winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSauli (mkvleloba an janmrTelobis
ganzrax dazianeba), xolo aborti aRniSnulis ganxorcielebis
xerxi iqneba.
roca qali Tavad mimarTavs eqims kanonieri abortis
gakeTebis moTxovniT, aborti kanonis moTxovnaTa dacviT keTdeba,
magram abortis dawyebamde, an dawyebis Semdeg, eqimi gadawyvets
pacientis mokvdinebas da abortis gziT ganzrax moklavs mas,
qmedeba dakvalificirdeba martiv mkvlelobad (ssk-is 108-e muxli).
ismis kiTxva: ratom martiv mkvlelobad da ara winaswar
SecnobiT orsuli qalis mkvlelobad (ssk-is 109-e muxlis me-2
nawilis ,,a“ qvepunqti)? pasuxi aseTi unda iyos: vinaidan qali
Tavad mimarTavs eqims abortis gakeTebis TxovniT. gamomdinare
aqedan, im momentidan, roca deda sabolood ganacxadebs uars
fetusis SenarCunebaze (risi kanonieri uflebac mas aqvs) da qalis
surviliT daiwyeba abortis gakeTeba (am momentamde qals nebismier
dros SeuZlia abortis gakeTeba gadaifiqros), fetusi
sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis sferodan gadis, dedis sicocxle ki
rCeba sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis obieqtad. Sesabamisad, eqimis
qmedeba ver dakvalificirdeba, rogorc damamZimebel garemoebaSi
Cadenili mkvleloba (Tu saxeze araa sxva damamZimebeli garemoeba).
abortis gakeTebis gziT qalis mkvlelobisas 108-e muxliT
dasakvalificireblad gadamwyvetia is, rom danaSaulebrivi
Sedegis dadgomamde (mkvlelobamde) qalma gamoiyena kanoniT
miniWebuli ufleba da uari Tqva bavSvze. amasTan aborti daiwyo,
rac dasturia, rom deda veRar Secvlis gadawyvetilebas da dedis
sikvdili dadga ukve amis Semdeg. Sesabamisad, embrioni
faqtobrivad saxezea, magram ukve aRar eqvemdebareba
sisxlissamarTlebriv dacvas.867
im SemTxvevaSi, roca qali sakuTari nebiT midis eqimTan
abortis gasakeTeblad orsulobis 12 kviris Semdeg, Tavad
mimarTavs eqims ukanono abortis gakeTebis TxovniT, xolo eqimma
mas mokvlis ganzraxviT iseTi xerxiT gaukeTa aborti, rom qali
867
ix. qaaZe n., statia, aborti, rogorc qalTaDdanaSauli, J. kromonologi, Tb.,
2009, 123.
242
gardaicvala, saxezea ganzraxi mkvleloba damamZimebel
garemoebaSi (winaswari SecnobiT orsuli qalisa) da ara
danaSaulTa erToblioba _ ukanono aborti da ganzrax mkvleloba,
radgan aborti mocemul SemTxvevaSic am danaSaulis (mkvlelobis)
Cadenis xerxad mogvevlineba.
mocemul SemTxvevaSic, aborti mkvlelobis xerxad
gvevlineba. vinaidan ukanono aborti aris safrTxis Semcveli
deliqti da safrTxisgan dacvis obieqti qalis sicocxle da
janmrTelobaa, abortis gziT am qalis mkvlelobis Cadenisas
safrTxis Semcvel deliqtze saubari uadgiloa, vinaidan es
deliqti srulebiT gamoricxavs pirdapir ganzraxvas qalis
sicocxlis mospobis mimarT. amdenad, mocemul viTarebaSi qalis
sikvdili SemTxveviT garemoebaTa gamo romc ar damdgariyo,
qmedebas ukanono abortiT mainc ver davakvalificirebdiT. saxeze
iqneboda damamZimebel garemoebaSi mkvlelobis mcdeloba. miT
umetes, ukve saxezea ganzrax gamowveuli sikvdili da ara safrTxe,
romelic SesaZloa daemuqros qalis sicocxles an janmrTelobas.
sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, roca safrTxis deliqti gadaizrdeba
ganzrax Cadenil Sedegian danaSaulSi, safrTxis deliqtze
miTiTeba kvalifikaciisas zedmetia.
miuxedavad imisa, rom moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT dedas
orsulobis nebismier stadiaze aqvs ufleba, uari Tqvas nayofze,
kanoni abortis gamkeTeblisTvis mkacrad adgens orsulobis 12
kvirian vadas, romlis gadacilebis Semdeg, garda kanoniT
mkacrad gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebisa, piri, iqneba is eqimi, Tu
araprofesionali, ukanono abortisTvis daisjeba. am SemTxvevaSi
fetusi sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis sferoSi kvlav imyofeba.
sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, ukanono abortis gakeTebisas
sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis damatebiT obieqtad kvlav rCeba
embrionis sicocxle. swored aqedan gamomdinare, ukanono abortis
dros, qalis ganzrax mkvleloba unda dakvalificirdes ara
rogorc martivi mkvleloba, aramed rogorc ganzrax mkvleloba
damnaSavisaTvis winaswar SecnobiT orsuli qalisa.
mocemul SemTxvevaSi, problemas warmoadgens is, rom qalis
ganzrax mkvleloba eqimis mier ganxorcielda ara kanonieri,
aramed ukanono abortis gakeTebis dros, ssk-is 109-e muxli ki
sasjelis saxed iTvaliswinebs mxolod Tavisuflebis aRkveTas
maSin, roca ukanono abortisTvis (ssk-is 133-e muxlis me-2 da me-3
nawilebi) gaTvalisiwnebulia Tanamdebobis dakavebis an
saqmianobis uflebis (am SemTxvevaSi saeqimo saqmianobis)
CamorTmeva. problema swored sasjelis saxeSia, radgan eqimi,
romelic ukanono abortis gakeTebisas, ganzrax klavs qals, unda
daisajos rogorc Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT, ise Tanamdebobis
dakavebis an saqmianobis CamorTmeviT (rasac moqmedi ssk-is 109-e
muxli, romliTac unda moxdes aRniSnuli qmedebis kvalifikacia,
ar iTvaliswinebs). marTalia, saqarTvelos ssk-is 43-e muxli
iZleva am sasjelis Sefardebis uflebas qmedebis ssk-is 109-e
muxliT kvalifikaciis SemTxvevaSic, vinaidan ssk-is 43-e muxlis
me-3 nawilis Tanaxmad, Tanamdebobis dakavebis an saqmianobis
243
uflebis CamorTmevis damatebiT sasjelad daniSvna SeiZleba im
SemTxvevaSic, rodesac igi Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis sasjelad
araa gaTvaliswinebuli am kodeqsis Sesabamisi muxliT, Tu
danaSaulis saSiSroebis xasiaTis, xarisxisa da damnaSavis
pirovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT sasamarTlo SeuZleblad miiCnevs
SeunarCunos mas Tanamdebobis dakavebis an saqmianobis ufleba,
Tumca damatebiTi sasjelis saxiT Tanamdebobis dakavebis an
saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeva unda iyos ara mosamarTlis
ufleba, aramed misi daniSvna unda iyos imperatiuli sanqciiT
gansazRvruli.
saqarTvelos sasamarTlo praqtikaSi ukanono abortze ori
ganaCeni arsebobs. Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos sisxlis
samarTlis saqmeTa kolegiis 2010 wlis 26 Tebervlis ganaCeniT
(saqme #1/3676-09) i.T. damnaSaved iqna cnobili saqarTvelos ssk-is
19,133-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT (2006 wlis 31 maisamde moqmedi
redaqcia) gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis CadenaSi, saproceso
SeTanxmebis gaformebis Sedegad, i.T.-s sasjelis saxed da zomad
ganesazRvra 2 (ori) wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, rac ssk-is 63-64-e
muxlebis gamoyenebiT CaeTvala pirobiT, imave gamosacdeli vadiT.
damatebiTi sasjelis saxiT i. T.-s daekisra saxelmwifo biujetis
sasargeblod 5 000 (xuTi aTasi) laris gadaxda.
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa
kolegiis 2011 wlis 08 ivlisis ganaCeniT (saqme #1/2308-11) n. g.
damnaSaved iqna cnobili saqarTvelos ssk-is 133-e muxlis meore
nawiliT (ukanono aborti, ramac gamoiwvia mZime Sedegi) da
sasjelis saxiT ganusazRvra Tavisuflebis aRkveTa 2 (ori) wlisa
da 6 (eqvsi) Tvis vadiT; aseve 3 (sami) wlis vadiT CamoarTva
Tanamdebobis dakavebisa da saeqimo saqmianobis ufleba.
abortis gamoyenebiT (igulisxmeba kanonieri) Cadenili
janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime dazianeba (mag: Segnebulad
saSvilosnos dazianeba, ris gamoc qalma dakarga Svilosnobis
unari) unda dakvalificirdes ara ssk-is 117-e muxlis me-5 nawilis
,,b“ qvepunqtiT (janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime dazianeba Cadenili
winaswar SecnobiT umweo mdgomareobaSi myofis mimarT), aramed
ssk-is 117-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT (janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime
dazianeba, romelmac mocemul SemTxvevaSi gamoiwvia saSvilosnos
funqciis dakargva), vinaidan qalis umweo mdgomareoba gamowveulia
damnaSavis, e.i. eqimis qmedebiT, romelmac qali Tavad Caagdo umweo
mdgomareobaSi, danaSaulis Cadenis gaadvilebis mizniT. swored
amitom mocemul SemTxvevaSi saxeze ar iqneba piris umweo
mdgomareobis gamoyeneba. aRniSnuli damamZimebeli garemoeba saxeze
iqneboda, Tuki qali eqimis Caurevlad aRmoCndeboda umweo
mdgomareobaSi, amiT isargeblebda eqimi da janmrTelobas ganzrax
dauzianebda mas. swored amitom msgavsi SemTxvevebi unda
dakvalificirdes ssk-is 117-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT.
igive qmedeba Cadenili ukanono abortis gamoyenebiT, unda
dakvalificirdes danaSaulTa erTobliobiT, rogorc ssk 133-e
muxliT (ukanono aborti), ise ssk-is 117-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT
(janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime dazianeba), vinaidan ukanono
244
abortisagan sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis damatebiTi obieqti,
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, aris Canasaxis sicocxle, rac
samarTlebrivi Sefasebis gareSe ver darCeba.
,,janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis 139-e
muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, orsulobis nebayoflobiTi Sewyveta
nebadarTulia mxolod saTanado uflebis mqone samedicino
dawesebulebaSi, sertificirebuli eqimis mier. kanonis teqsti
,,orsulobis nebayoflobiTi Sewyveta” gulisxmobs orsuli qalis
nebayoflobiTi Tanxmobis arsebobis aucileblobas, raTa
kanonieri aborti ganxorcieldes, e.i. abortis marTlzomierebis
erT-erT pirobas Seadgens orsuli qalis Tanxmoba orsulobis
Sewyvetaze, anu qalis Tanxmoba kanonieri abortis ganxorcielebis
aucilebeli winapirobaa. rac Seexeba ukanono abortis
ganxorcielebisTvis dedis Tanxmobis aucileblobas unda iTqvas,
rom ukanono abortis dedis Tanxmobis gareSe ganxorcieleba
mxolod ukiduresi aucileblobis dros aris SesaZlebeli da isic
maSin, roca es ukanaskneli Tavad dedis interesebs emsaxureba da
misi sicocxlis gadarCenis erTaderTi ualternativo saSualebaa,
anu roca saxezea qalis savaraudo Tanxmoba. e.i. qalis Tanxmoba
ukanono abortis ganxorcielebis aucilebeli winapirobac
yofila. gamodis, rom dedis Tanxmoba zogadad abortis
ganxorcielebis winapirobaa. im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki aborti ukve
dasaxelebuli gamonaklisis garda, dedis Tanxmobis gareSe
ganxorcieldeba, maSin saxeze iqneba ara ukanono aborti, aramed
janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime dazianeba.
vinaidan ukanono abortisTvis aucilebeli maxasiaTebelia
qalis mier orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyvetis survili, im
SemTxvevaSi, Tuki qals abortis gakeTdebas aiZuleben, qmedeba unda
dakvalificirdes ara ssk-is 133-e muxliT, aramed ssk-is 117-e
muxliT (janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime dazianeba), vinaidan
orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyveta yvela SemTxvevaSi sazianoa
qalis janmrTelobisTvis, Tundac es kanonisa da samedicino
normebis sruli dacviT ganxorcieldes, Sesabamisad,
gansakuTrebiT saxifaToa qalis janmrTelobisTvis abortis
gakeTeba misi survilis sawinaaRmdegod, daZalebiT, rac iwvevs
orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyvetas, Sesabamisad qalis
janmrTelobisTvis mZime dazianebis miyenebas. mocemul SemTxvevaSi
aranairi mniSvneloba ar aqvs orsulobis xangrZlivobas.868
mocemul sakiTxze ver daveTanxmebi Temur cqitiSvilis
mosazrebas, rom muclis moSla iZulebiT ssk-is 133-e muxliT unda
dakvalificirdes, xolo ssk-is 117-e muxliT qmedeba maSin unda
dakvalificirdes, roca amsruleblis ganzraxva ar aris
konkretizebuli da uSualod orsulobis Sewyvetisken mimarTuli,
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi qmedebis kvalifikacia ssk-is 133-e muxliT
unda moxdes, miuxedavad imisa, qmedeba qalis nebiT ganxorcielda
Tu mis gareSe. verc im azrs gaviziareb, rom ssk-is 117-e muxlis
868
Sead. cqitiSvili T., statia, ukanono aborti _ ganzrax mkvleloba Tu
safrTxis Semqmneli deliqti?, samarTlisa da politikuri azrovnebis istoriis
narkvevebi, wigni I, Tb., 2010, 544-547.
245
dispoziciaSi gamoyenebuli sityvebi _ ,,janmrTelobis ganzrax
mZime dazianeba, ese igi sxeulis dazianeba“ mainca da mainc
ZalmomreobiT qmedebas (cema, wameba, daWra) gulisxmobs, xolo
orsulobis Sewyveta SesaZloa sxeulis dazianebis gareSec
ganxorcieldes, mag: orsuli qalisTvis muclis mosaSleli abis
motyuebiT micemiT da aseT SemTxvevaSi saxeze ver iqneba ganzrax
sxeulis dazianeba, vinaidan ssk-is 117-e muxli gulisxmobs cemas,
wamebas, daWras da a.S, rasac Sedegad mohyva muclis moSla.869
kanonieri da ukanono abortis ganxorcielebis erT-erTi
mTavari piroba dedis Tanxmobaa, uromlisodac saxeze iqneba
abortis iZuleba, Sesabamisad, igi ver moeqceva verc kanonieri da
verc ukanono abortis regulirebis sferoSi. sityvebi _
,,janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime dazianeba, ese igi sxeulis
dazianeba“ sulac ar gulisxmobs aucileblad Zalis gamoyenebas.
ssk-is 117-e muxli ar unda iqnas gagebuli, rogorc aucileblad
Zalis gamoyenebiT ganxorcielebuli janmrTelobis dazianeba,
muxlis dispoziciaSi miTiTebuli ,,sxeulis dazianeba“ SesaZloa
araZalmomreobiTma qmedebamac gamoiwvios, maT Soris mowamvlam an
sulac samarTlebrivi garantis umoqmedobam.
mocemul SemTxvevaSi mTavari aris janmrTelobis, sxeulis
dazianeba, ganxorcielebuli iyos ganzraxi qmedebiT, miuxedavad
imisa, es qmedeba mowamvla iqneba Tu cema, moqmedeba iqneba Tu
umoqmedoba. orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyveta nebismier SemTxvevaSi
azianebs qalis janmrTelobas, miT umetes motyuebiT muclis
mosaSleli abis micemiT, eqimisa da samedicino aparaturis Carevis
gareSe. marTalia, muclis mosaSleli abis motyuebiT miwodeba
Zalis gamoyenebas ar gulisxmobs, magram Sedegi ssk-is 117-e
muxlis Sesabamisia _ ganzraxma qmedebam gamoiwvia sxeulis
dazianeba, orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyveta. aRniSnul qmedebas
ukanono abortis kvalifikacia ver miecema, vinaidan mizani araa
abortis dedis survilisamebr ganxorcieleba da dedisTvis
arasasurveli fetusis dedis sxeulidan gamodevna. marTalia, am
dros abortis gamkeTeblis (da arc misi SemkveTis) mizani, rogorc
wesi, araa qalis janmrTelobis dazianeba, magram es ar
gamoricxavs arapirdapir ganzraxvas amgvari dazianebis mimarT.
,,Tuki ukanono abortis Sedegad bavSvi cocxali daibadeba da
Semdgom mas moklaven, qmedeba unda dakvalificirdes danaSaulTa
erTobliobiT, rogorc ssk 133-e muxliT (ukanono aborti), ise ssk
109-e muxlis me-2 nawilis “b” qvepunqtiT (ganzrax mkvleloba
damnaSavisaTvis winaswari SecnobiT umweo mdgomareobaSi myofisa),
radgan saxeze iqneba sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis ori
damoukidebeli sikeTis winaaRmdeg momarTuli qmedeba –
axalSobilis sicocxlis xelyofa da orsuli qalis sicocxlisa
da janmrTelobisaTvis safrTxis Seqmna”.870
869
ix. cqitiSvili T., statia, ukanono aborti _ ganzrax mkvleloba Tu safrTxis
wigni I, Tb., 2010, 546-547.
870
iqve, 542.
246
gansaxilveli danaSaulis Semadgenloba formaluria, amitom
igi damTavrebulad miiCneva operaciis Catarebis Semdeg, rac
gamoixateba nayofis gamodevnaSi qalis organizmidan miuxedavad
imisa, miayena Tu ara man raime ziani qalis janmrTelobas.
sxvanairi interpretaciiT Tu vityviT, saqarTvelos sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis 133-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT
gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis Semadgenloba formaluria, igi aris
abstraqtuli safrTxis deliqti, xolo amave muxlis Mme-2 da me-3
nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebi materialuri.
ukanono abortis momzadebad unda CaiTvalos qirurgis mier
saTanado xelsawyoebis momarjveba, qalis daZineba, dedis saSos
yelis gaxsna, raTa abortis gakeTeba daiwyos, xolo ukanono
abortis mcdelobad _ qirurgis xelsawyos dedis saSoSi Sesvlis
momenti, sanam xelsawyo fetuss daazianebs. fetusis danawevreba da
misi gamoZeveba qalis organizmidan ukve damTavrebul danaSauls
qmnis.
subieqturi mxriv es danaSauli xasiaTdeba pirdapiri
ganzraxviT. pirs gacnobierebuli aqvs qmedebis
marTlwinaaRmdegoba, iTvaliswinebs, rom igi safrTxes uqmnis
qalis sicocxles an janmrTelobas, magram mainc surs am qmedebis
Cadena. motivi da mizani sxvadasxvagvaria: angareba, qalisadmi
sibraluli, romelic elodeba bavSvs daqorwinebis gareSe
kavSiris Sedegad (e.i. qorwinebaSi armyofi dedis Sercxvenis
arideba), gauTxovari an axalgazrda qalisaTvis daxmarebis
aRmoCenis survili da a.S.
saqarTvelos ssk-is 133-e muxlis me-2 nawili damamZimebel
garemoebad miiCnevs ukanono aborts, Tu igi Cadenilia ukanono
abortisaTvis msjavrdebulis mier an ramac gaufrTxileblobiT
gamoiwvia Svilosnobis samudamo moSla an sxva mZime Sedegi.
,,ukanono abortis sxva mZime Sedegi SeiZleba gamoixatos
janmrTelobis mZime dazianebaSi, qronikul avadmyofobaSi da
a.S.“871 aucileblad unda arsebobdes mizezobrivi kavSiri Cadenil
qmedebasa da damdgar Sedegs Soris.
arsebobs aseve mizezobrivi kavSiris e.w. atipiuri
ganviTareba. ,,atipiuri mizezobriobis SemTxvevebi, miuxedavad
mizezobrivi kavSiris udavod arsebobisa, Sedegis obieqtur
Seracxvas gamoricxavs. ... atipiuri aris garemoebaTa nebismieri
iseTi ganviTareba, romelic movlenaTa Cveulebrivi mimdinareobisa
da zogadi cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebidan gamomdinare, ar aris
mosalodneli. aseT SemTxvevaSi Sedegi aris ara SesaZlebloba,
aramed SemTxveviToba“.872 aqedan gamomdinare, pirs Sedegi
obieqturad ver Seeracxeba. ukanono abortis dros atipiuri
mizezobriobis magaliTs warmoadgens eqimis mier abortis
samedicino moTxovnebis sruli dacviT gakeTeba, ramac qalis
Svilosnobis dakargva gamoiwvia ara eqimis mier ganxorcielebuli
871
872
2010, 114.
247
raime qmedebiT, aramed qalis organizmis individualobidan
gamomdinare.
ukanono abortisaTvis msjavrdebul pirs ssk-is 133-e muxlis
me-2 nawili Seefardeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mis mimarT adrindeli
nasamarTloba ukanono abortisaTvis araa gaqarwylebuli an
moxsnili.
amave muxlis me-3 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli gansakuTrebiT
damamZimebeli garemoeba (ukanono aborti, ramac gamoiwvia
sicocxlis mospoba) materialur anu Sedegian danaSaulTa
Semadgenlobis jgufs miekuTvneba, ra drosac saWiroa mizezobrivi
kavSiris dadgena ukanono abortis gakeTebasa da
gaufrTxileblobiT qalis sicocxlis mospobas Soris. aseT dros,
Tu damdgar mZime Sedegs ar moicavda damnaSavis ganzrava, saxeze
iqneba Tanamdevi SedegiT kvalificirebuli danaSauli da
Sesabamisad gamoyenebuli unda iyos ssk-is me-11 muxli, romelic
acxadebs _ Tu sisxlis samarTlis kanoni iTvaliswinebs sasjelis
gadidebas im Tanamdevi Sedegis dadgomis gamo, romelsac ar
moicavda damnaSavis ganzraxva, maSin aseTi gadideba SesaZlebelia
mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac pirma es Sedegi
gaufrTxileblobiT ganaxorciela. aseTi danaSauli ganzrax
danaSaulad CaiTvleba.
xsenebuli muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli
danaSaulis subieqtur mxaresTan dakavSirebiT (kerZod,
Svilosnobis samudamo moSla an sxva mZime Sedegi, aseve
sicocxlis mospoba) aRsaniSnavia, rom am SemTxvevaSi Sedegis
mimarT adgili aqvs gaufrTxileblobiTi bralis arsebobas,
romelic SeiZleba gamovlindes rogorc TviTimedovnebis, aseve
daudevrobis formaSi. sicocxlis mospobis an Svilosnobis
samudamod moSlis Sedegebis mimarT pirdapiri an arapirdapiri
(iribi) ganzraxvis dadgenisas, braldebulis moqmedeba (misi qcevis
xasiaTidan gamomdinare) unda dakvalificirdes Sesabamisad
saqarTvelos ssk-is 108-e an 109-e; 117-e an 118-e muxliT, razec ukve
visaubre.
Tu ssk-is 133-e muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawilebiT
gaTvaliswinebuli Sedegebi dadga orsulobis xelovnuri
Sewyvetis Sedegad, rac kanonier safuZvelze gakeTda (magaliTad,
samedicino an specialur maCvenebelTa arsebobisas), magram eqim-
specialistis daudevrobiT, is pasuxs agebs gaufrTxileblobiT
sicocxlis mospobis873 an gaufrTxileblobiT janmrTelobis mZime
an naklebad mZime dazianebisaTvis.
im SemTxvevaSi rodesac qals aiZuleben (fizikuri iZulebiT
mag: cemiT, an fsiqikuri iZulebiT, mag: mokvlis muqariT) gaikeTos
aborti ukanonod, aseTi qmedeba yvela SemTxvevaSi unda
dakvalificirdes sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 150-e muxliT
rogorc iZuleba.
ukanono abortis subieqtia yoveli Seracxadi fizikuri piri
14 wlis asakidan, maT Soris samedicino personali. am SemTxvevaSi
873
ix. saqarTvelos ssk., muxli 116.
248
kvalifikaciisTvis mniSvneloba ara aqvs Tu vin akeTebda ukanono
aborts _ Sesabamisi profilis umaRlesi ganaTlebis mqone Tu
armqone piri, Tumca aRniSnuls mniSvneloba aqvs sasjelis
daniSvnis dros, vinaidan samedicino personalis (romelsac
Sesabamisi specialuri codna gaaCnia) mier ganxorcielebuli
ukanono aborti gacilebiT usafrTxoa qalis sicocxlisa da
janmrTelobisTvis, vidre am saqmeSi gauTviTcnobierebeli an
Tundac TviTnaswavli piris mier, rac qals warmoudgenlad didi
safrTxis winaSe ayenebs.
saqarTvelom demokratiuli principebis aRiarebiT, mzadyofna
gamoxata adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis
dacvisaTvis. swored es gaxda imis safuZveli, rom adamianis
uflebaTa sferoSi saqarTvelom ganaxorciela rigi saerTaSoriso
paqtebisa da konvenciebis ratifikacia, ase magaliTad: samoqalaqo
da politikur uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqti (miRebul iqna 1966
wels, ZalaSi Sevida 1976w.)., adamianis uflebaTa evropis konvencia
(1950w.), bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia (miRebul iqna 1989 wels,
ZalaSi Sevida 1990w.).
adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso konvenciebze saqarTvelos
mierTebiT, metad mniSvnelovani Zvrebi moxda samoqalaqo
sazogadoebasa da adamianis uflebaTa sistemis formulirebaSi.
aqedan gamomdinare, saqarTvelom gaacnobiera, rom saerTaSoriso
samarTali ierarqiiT Sida samarTalze maRla dgas, Tu
saerTaSoriso samarTlis normebi ar ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos
konstitucias da aiRo valdebuleba, Sida kanonmdebloba
SesabamisobaSi moeyvana saerTaSoriso samarTlis normebTan.
adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso konvenciebis ratifikaciiT
saqarTvelo saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis sruluflebiani wevri
gaxda.
sisxlissamarTlebrivad embrionis sicocxle daculia aseve
saqarTvelos ssk-is 109-e da 117-e muxlebiT. ssk-is 109-e muxli
mkvlelobis damamZimebel garemoebad acxadebs mkvlelobas
damnaSavisaTvis winaswari SecnobiT orsuli qalisa. aq mTavari
ori momentia _ qali namdvilad unda iyos orsuli da es faqti
Secnobili unda hqondes mkvlels, e.i. mkvlelma icis, rom qali
orsuladaa, uspobs sicocxles mas da momaval potenciur adamians
(embrions, fetuss). am SemTxvevaSi ar aqvs mniSvneloba orsulobis
vadas, e.i. kanonis es muxli embrionisaTvis samarTlebrivi dacvis
garkveuli meqanizmia, riTac dasturdeba misi mniSvneloba kanonisa
da sazogadoebisTvis. miuxedavad amisa faqtia, rom 109-e muxlis
mocemuli damamZimebeli garemoeba erTmniSvnelovnad dedis,
orsuli qalis sicocxlis dacvis meqanizms warmoadgens, raTa
potenciuri damnaSavesTvis dedis orsuloba danaSaulis Cadenis
Semakavebel garemoebad iqces. orsuli qalis mkvleloba
kvalificirdeba ara rogorc qalis mkvlelobad da daubadebeli
adamianis, fetusis sicocxlis mospobad, aramed orsuli qalis
mkvlelobad. kvalifikaciaSi fetusis statusi Semoifargleba
mxolod rogorc dedis sxeulis nawili da ara damoukidebeli
sicocxle. amdenad, qalis sicocxle aq aris
249
sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis ZiriTadi obieqti, xolo fetusis
sicocxle _ damatebiTi obieqti.
saqarTvelos ssk-is 117-e muxlis Tanaxmad, dasjadad iTvleba
janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime dazianeba, ramac orsulobis Sewyveta
gamoiwvia. arc am SemTxvevaSi aqvs mniSvneloba nayofis asaks.
kanonis es daTqma icavs rogor qalis (dedis) janmrTelobas, aseve
fetusis sicocxles da garkveul samarTlebriv garantiebs qmnis
misTvis; amasTan sayuradReboa, rom aRniSnuli muxlis
damamZimebel garemoebad iTvleba janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime
dazianeba, Cadenili damnaSavis winaswari SecnobiT orsuli qalis
mimarT, rac imis dasturia, rom qalis gansakuTrebuli
mdgomareoba (orsuloba) kanonmdeblisTvis sakmarisi safuZvelia
imisa, rom damnaSave ufro mkacrad daisajos, radgan mas
gacnobierebuli aqvs, rom janmrTelobas ganzrax mZimed uzianebs
ara ubralod qals, aramed orsul qalს, romlis organizmic
orsulobis periodSi nayofis, fetusis TavSesafaria, es
ukanaskneli ki potenciuri adamiania, e.i. kodeqsis mocemuli
muxlis damamZimebeli garemoebis ganmsazRvreli swored qalis
sxeulSi fetusis, nayofis arsebobaa, rac imis dasturia, rom
kanonmdeblisTvis jer kidev daubadebeli sicocxle metad
mniSvnelovani da gasafrTxilebelia, riTac cxadia, rom
saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba fetusis dacvas mniSvnelovnad Tvlis.
,,ganxiluli normatiuli aqtebis Sesabamisi muxlebidan
aSkarad Cans, rom, marTalia, saqarTveloSi fetusis dasacavad
aris gatarebuli rigi RonisZiebebi, magram deda da Canasaxi erT
sibrtyeSi ar ganixileba da dedis uflebebi, rogorc ukve
dabadebuli adamianisa, ufro maRlaa dayenebuli“.874
yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, ibadeba kiTxva: Tu
kanonmdebloba ar icavs embrionis sicocxlis uflebas
orsulobis periodis 12 kviramde, ratom iTvleba damamZimebel
garemoebad orsuli qalis mkvleloba? kanonmdeblis es midgoma
Semdegnairad SeiZleba aixsnas _ igi dedas orsulobis 12 kviramde
abortis uflebas aZlevs, Tumca es srulebiTac ar niSnavs imas,
rom sxva adamiansac eZleva 12 kviramde Canasaxis mokvdinebis
ufleba. deda is erTaderTi subieqtia, romelic sakuTari sxeuliT
atarebs fetuss, Sesabamisad, ufro meti ufleba da valdebuleba
gaaCnia mis mimarT. is faqti, rom dedam uari Tqva fetusze, ar
niSnavs, rom sxvas ufleba aqvs fetusis sicocxle xelyos, miT
umetes roca dedas bolo wams SeuZlia gadaifiqros abortis
gakeTeba. vidre deda uars ityvis fetusze niSnavs, rom fetusi
misTvis sasurvelia da zrunvis obieqts warmoadgens. amdenad,
kanonmdebeli ar icavs fetuss 12 kviramde mxolod dedis nebiT
Cadenili qmedebisagan, sxvaTa qmedebebisagan ki mas Casaxvis dRidan
icavs rogorc damatebiT obieqts.
da mainc, rodis iwyeba sicocxle. genetikis TvalsazrisiT
sicocxle iwyeba ori ujredis ganayofierebis momentidan. aseT
874
218.
250
ujredSi ukve devs informacia, romelic gansazRvravs bavSvis
sqess, sisxlis jgufs, Tvalis fers, inteleqts. es yovelive
Cawerilia 46 qromosomis genetikur kodSi. formalurad is ukve
adamiania, romlis identuri arseba aqamde arasdros arsebula da
arc arasdros iarsebebs. amis Semdegi etapia embrionis zrda da
ganviTareba. Casaxvidan ukve merve dRes fexmZimobis mTeli
periodis damTavrebamde Canasaxi garkveuli TvalsazrisiT
akontrolebs dedis organizms. samedicino praqtikaze dayrdnobiT
SeiZleba iTqvas, Casaxvis momentidan embrions mxolod sakvebi da
Jangbadi sWirdeba, rac aseve dabadebis Semdegacaa aucilebeli. mas
sicocxlis gagrZeleba saSvilosnos gareTac SeuZlia.
sicocxlisunarianoba saSvilosnos gareT iwyeba 19 kviris
asakidan.875
,,rogorc cnobilia, iuridiulad piri gardacvlilad
iTvleba Tavis tvinis funqionirebis Sewyvetis momentidan, xolo
dabadebulad ki dedis saSodan gamoyofis momentidan. ufro
konkretulad ki, bavSvi dabadebulad CaiTvleba saSodan
nawilobrivad gamoyofis SemTxvevaSic. Sesabamisad, embrionis
samarTlebrivi dacvac am droidan iwyeba. samedicino
eqsperimentebma daamtkica, rom embrionis Tavis tvinis impulsebi
fiqsirdeba ukve eqvsi kviris asakidan. maSin ratom ar SeiZleba,
rom am droidan iqces misi sicocxle sisxlisamarTlebrivi dacvis
obieqtad. anu embrionis dacvis momentis warmoSobis safuZvelad
igive faqti (oRond am SemTvevaSi tvinis funqcionirebis dawyeba)
aviRoT, rasac ukve adamianis samarTvebrivi dacvis Sewyvetisas
miviCnevT? kriminaluri abortis kvalifikaciisas es bevrs
Secvlida, rac, albaT, ufro samarTlianic iqneboda”.876
saqarTveloSi ukanono abortze sasamarTlo praqtika metad
mcirea. 2010 wlis 26 Tebervals Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa kolegiam Ria sasamarTlo sxdomaze
ganixila sisxlis samarTlis saqme i. T.-s mimarT. mas brali
edeboda ukanono abortis Cadenis mcdelobaSi, ramac Svilosnobis
samudamo moSla gamoiwvia. i. T.-s mier danaSaulis Cadena
gamoixata SemdegSi: igi muSaobda ambulatoriul dawesebuleba
`Tbilisis #1 qalTa konsultaciis~ centrSi mean-ginekologad.
2006 wlis 11 maiss ginekologiuri konsultaciis misaRebad masTan
samsaxurSi sami Tvis (13 kvira) orsuli a. g. mivida. am
ukanasknelis survili abortis gakeTeba iyo. i. T.-m kargad icoda,
rom ambulatoriul pirobebSi nebadarTuli iyo mxolod 12
kviramde orsulobis dros abortis Catareba da 13 kviris asakSi
abortis Catareba dasaSvebi iyo mxolod specialuri Cvenebebis
dros, dadgenili wesiT Seqmnili specialuri komisiis nebarTviT.
miuxedavad amisa, i. T.-m imave dRes, samdRiani mosafiqrebeli vadis
gasvlamde, a. g.-s aborti gaukeTa, ris Taobazec samedicino
dokumentaciac Seavso, rasac daurTo yalbi cnoba, TiTqosda a. g.
875
ix. qaaZe n., statia, aborti, rogorc qalTaDdanaSauli, J. kromonologi, Tb.,
2009, 119.
876
iqve, 120-121.
251
5 kviris orsuli iyo. miuxedavad imisa, rom i. T.-s profesiul
valdebulebaSi pacientis uwyveti samedicino daxmarebis aRmoCena
Sedioda, man a. g. abortis gakeTebis Semdeg, saxlSi gawera.
abortis gakeTebidan mesame dRes, a. g. garTulebuli mdgomareobiT
hospitalSi moaTavses. mas gamokvlevebis Catarebis Semdeg, aseTi
diagnozi dausves _ saSvilosnos wina kedlis perforacia,
adgilobrivi peritoniti, romelic gamowveuli iyo mini-abortis
operaciis dros saSvilosnos perforaciiT, ris gamoc 2006 wlis
13 maiss operacia Cautarda: saSvilosnos supravaginaluri
amputacia danamatebis gareSe, ramac gamoiwvia a. g.-s Svilosnobis
unaris mudmivi dakargva. Catarebuli sasamarTlo-samedicino
eqspertizis daskvnis Tanaxmad, dazaralebulisTvis miyenebuli
janmrTelobis dazianeba, mZime xarisxis dazianebas miekuTvneboda.
braldebulma sasamarTlos Cveneba misca da Cadenili danaSauli
aRiara. masTan prokuraturam saproceso SeTanxmeba gaaforma. i.T.
sasamarTlom damnaSaved scno saqarTvelos ssk-is 19,133-e muxlis
me-2 nawiliT (2006 wlis 31 maisamde moqmedi redaqcia)
gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis CadenaSi, mxareebs Soris saproceso
SeTanxmebis gaformebis Sedegad, i.T.-s sasjelis saxed da zomad
ganesazRvra 2 (ori) wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, rac ssk-is 63-64-e
muxlebis gamoyenebiT CaeTvala pirobiT, imave gamosacdeli vadiT.
damatebiTi sasjelis saxiT mas saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod
5 000 (xuTi aTasi) laris gadaxda daekisra.877
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos mocemuli ganaCeni
saapelacio wesiT mxareebs ar gausaCivrebiaT.
mocemul SemTxvevaSi sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna mxolod
maSin daiwyo, rac dazaralebul a. g.-s samedicino daxmareba
dasWirda i. T.-s mier Catarebuli ukanono abortis Semdeg. qalis
janmrTelobis mdgomareobis garTuleba saxeze rom ar yofiliyo,
ukanono abortis es SemTxveva, iseve rogorc aTasobiT msgavsi
SemTxveva, ar gamoaSkaravdeboda da oficialur dokumentebSi
eqimis mier nayofis asakis gayalbebiT (13 kviris nacvlad, 5 kviris
dafiqsireba), es abortic kanonier saxes miiRebda.
ukanono abortis es SemTxveva didi albaTobiT
gauxmaurebeli darCeboda, rom ara a. g.-s janmrTelobis
mdgomareobis gauareseba. swored ase iqceva yvela is eqimi,
romelic ukanono aborts akeTebs (Tundac misTvis es abortis
pirveli SemTxveva iyos) _ qals ar uxsnis abortis mavneblobas, ar
iyenebs 3 dRian mosafiqrebel vadas, ukanono aborts
damoukideblad akeTebs da ayalbebs oficialur dokumentebSi
fetusis asakis monacemebs. ra Tqma unda, yovelive aRniSnuls
mxolod erTi ram udevs safuZvlad _ materialuri gamorCena.
yvelaze tragikuli is aris, rom kanoni yvelas da yvelafers
ufro did mniSvnelobas aniWebs, vidre fetusis mospobil
sicocxles. amaze metyvelebs sasjelis zoma, romelic ukanono
abortis SemTxvevaSia gaTvaliswinebuli (saqarTvelos ssk-is 133-e
muxli) _ jarima an sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo Sroma vadiT
877
ix. Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa kolegiis 2010
wlis 26 Tebervlis ganaCeni i.T.-s mimarT, saqme #1/3676-09.
252
asidan oras ormoc saaTamde an/da gamasworebeli samuSao vadiT
erTidan or wlamde; me-2 nawili iTvaliswinebs Tavisuflebis
SezRudvas vadiT sam wlamde an/da Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT
erTidan sam wlamde, Tanamdebobis dakavebis an saqmianobis
uflebis CamorTmeviT vadiT sam wlamde; mesame nawili ki _
Tavisuflebis aRkveTas samidan xuT wlamde, Tanamdebobis
dakavebis an saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeviT vadiT sam wlamde.
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos ganaCens kvalifikaciis
nawilSi ar veTanxmebi, vinaidan mimaCnia, rom i. T.-m Caidina ara
abortis mcdeloba, aramed damTavrebuli danaSauli _ ukanono
aborti. ganaCenis samotivacio nawili mTlianad daTmobili aqvs
saproceso SeTanxebis wessa da pirobebs, ganaCenSi arsad ar Cans
qmedebis kvalifikaciis dasabuTeba sasamarTlos mxridan. Cans,
sasamarTlo mTlianad daeyrdno saproceso SeTanxmebas da
saWirod ar CaTvala, moexdina qmedebis swori kvalifikacia da am
kvalifikaciis samarTlebrivi dasabuTeba.
ganaCenis aRwerilobiT nawilSi pirdapir aris miTiTebuli,
rom i. T.-m ukanono aborti daasrula _ eqimis mier nayofi dedis
sxeulidan gamodevnil iqna, e.i. danaSauli damTavrebul iqna.
ssk-is 133-e muxlis SemadgenlobisTvis ar aris saWiro raime mZime
Sedegis dadgoma. mocemuli danaSaulis Sedegad kanonmdebeli
dedis janmrTelobas da sicocxles miiCnevs, rac mocemuli
danaSaulis sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis obieqtia da ara
fetusis daRupvas, amitom fetusis daRupva ar iTvleba
marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegad. ukanono aborti damTavrebulad
iTvleba orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyvetis momentidan, nayofis
dedis organizmidan gamodevnis momentidan. mocemul SemTxvevaSi i.
T.-m nayofi a. g.-d organizmidan gamodevna, e.i. danaSauli
dasrulda.
zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare da imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom
i. T.s- qmedebas mohyva Svilosnobis samudamo moSla, qmedeba unda
dakvalificirebuliyo saqarTvelos ssk-is 133-e muxlis me-2
nawiliT.
i. T.-s qmedeba aseve unda dakvalificirdes saqarTvelos
ssk-is 362-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT (yalbi dokumentis damzadeba),
vinaidan a. g.-sTvis abortis gasakeTeblad man samedicino
dokumentaciac Seavso, rasac daurTo yalbi cnoba, TiTqosda a. g.
5 kviris orsuli iyo, e.i. man cnoba orsulobis vadis Taobaze
gaayalba, riTac daamTavra ssk-is 362-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli
danaSauli. i. T.-m Caidina yalbi oficialuri dokumentis
damzadeba, ukanono abortis ganxorcielebis mizniT da dokumentSi
yalbi informaciis Setana.
,,iuridiul literaturaSi sakamaTod SeiZleba CaiTvalos
sakiTxi imasTan dakavSirebiT, ukanono aborti konkretuli
safrTxis Semqmnel danaSaulTa ricxvs miekuTvneba Tu
abstraqtuli sabrTxis deliqtebs. i. goreliki ukanono aborts
konkretuli safrTxis deliqtebs miakuTvnebs. Tumca aqve unda
aRiniSnos isic, rom Tu gaviziarebdiT dasaxelebuli mecnieris
pozicias, romlis mixedviTac rogorc abstraqtuli, ise
253
konkretuli safrTxis deliqtebi SedeggareSe anu e. w. formalur
Semadgenlobebs miekuTvneba, araviTari mniSvneloba ar eqneboda
imis dadgenas, ukanono aborti konkretuli safrTxis deliqtia Tu
abstraqtuli, vinaidan uSedego (e.w. formaluri) Semadgenlobebis
SemTxvevaSi qmedebasa da damdgar Sedegs an Seqmnil safrTxes
Soris mizezobrivi kavSiris dadgena ar xdeba. ufro marTebulad
SeiZleba CaiTvalos prof. T. wereTlis Sexeduleba, romelic
ukanono aborts abstraqtuli safrTxis deliqtad miiCnevs”.878
,,ukanono aborti konkretuli safrTxis deliqts rom warmoadgens
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-8 muxlis Tanaxmad,
konkretuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisTvis
aucilebeli gaxdeboda mizezobrivi kavSiris dadgena qmedebasa da
safrTxes Soris, magram abstraqtuli safrTxis danaSaulebSi
safrTxe prezumirebulia TviT kanonmdeblis mier. aseTi
Semadgenlobebis Seqmnis dros, kanonmdebeli aRiarebs, rom
sisxlis samarTlis kanonis dispoziciaSi aRweril qmedebas
zogadad, cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebis Sesabamisad, SeuZlia ziani
miayenos samarTliT dacul gansazRvrul interesebs. amitom
sasamarTlos kompetenciaSi ar Sedis xelyofis konkretuli
obieqtisaTvis qmedebis konkretuli safrTxis dadgena droisa da
adgilis mocemul pirobebSi, da arc misi uaryofa.
sasamarTlosTvis aseTi uflebis micema iqneboda kanonis revizia
da daupirispirdeboda kanonmdeblis nebas qmedebis dasjaze,
romlis tipiurad saSiSi xasiaTi TviTon daadgina”.879 ,,ukanono
abortis saSiSroebis gansazRvra mxolod kanonmdeblis
prerogativaa. normis Semfardebels am SemTxvevaSi evaleba
mxolod imis dadgena, Catarda Tu ara aborti ,,janmrTelobis
dacvis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanoniT (aRniSnuli kanonis 139-e da
140-e muxlebi) gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis dacviT, e.i. adgili xom
ar hqonda ukanono abortis faqts. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis 133-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebis Semadgenloba
ganxorcielebulad iTvleba ara maSin, roca orsulobis Sewyvetis
mizniT qmedeba ganxorcieldeba, aramed, roca mizani miRweulia, e.i.
nayofi dedis saSodan gamodevnilia. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi
SeiZleba visaubroT mxolod danaSaulis mcdelobaze”.880
praqtikis analizis dros aseve sainteresoa yvelaze uaxlesi
sisxlis samarTlis saqme ukanono abortTan mimarTebaSi.
2011 wlis 08 ivliss Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa kolegiam gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni
gamoitana braldebul n. g.-s mimarT, romelsac brali saqarTvelos
878
wigni I, Tb., 2010, 540-541.
879
iqve, 541. citirebulia T. B. Церетели, Деликты создания опасностн, Советское государство
и право, 1970, #8, 56.
880
iqve, 541-542.
254
ssk-is 133-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli
danaSaulisTvis edeboda _ ukanono aborti.881
2011 wlis 12 marts, 39-40 kviris orsuli n. s. ginekologiuri
konsultaciis misaRebad eqim-mean-ginekolog n. g.-sTan saxlSi
mivida, romlis Semdeg man abortis gakeTeba gadawyvita. am
ukanasknels saxlSi ar gaaCnda aranairi piroba pacientTa
misaRebad, kerZod, ar hqonda teqnikuri saSualebebi, saxlSi iyo
ukiduresi sibinZure, medikamentebi mimofantuli iyo uwesrigod,
xolo samedicino xelsawyoebi _ arasterilizebuli. garda amisa,
n. g.-s ar gaaCnda saTanado licenzia pacientis momsaxurebis
Sesaxeb da misi saqmianoba ar jdeboda aranair samarTlebriv
CarCoSi. miuxedavad aRniSnulisa, n. g.-m orsul qals ukanono
aborti gaukeTa. abortis keTebis dros n. g.-m nayofs mohkveTa
marjvena wvivi muxlis saxsris doneze, aseve mohkveTa marcxena
terfis mesame, meoTxe, mexuTe TiTebis safrCxile falangebi.
abortis Semdeg, fetusis narCenebi n. g.-m unitazSi Cayara da
Carecxa. Catarebuli ukanono abortis Sedegad n. s. garTulebuli
janmrTelobis mdgomareobiT saavadmyofoSi moxvda, sadac
samedicino Carevis Sedegad, misi organizmidan gamoidevna n. g.-s
ukanono qmedebiT ukve gardacvlili mdedrobiTi sqesis nayofi.
saqmeze Catarebulma sasamarTlo-samedicino eqspertizam daadgina,
rom fetuss Semdegi dazianebebi aReniSneboda _ marjvena wvivis
amputacia/mokveTa/muxlis saxsris doneze, kanis zerele
sworkideebiani Wrilobebi terfis areSi, marcxena terfis mesame,
meoTxe, mexuTe TiTebis safrCxile falangebis mokveTa/amputacia,
naWdevebi marjvena barZayis da marcxena terfis areebSi.
sisxlCaqcevebi Tavis qalas rbili safaris qveS orive Txemis
areSi. eqspertis daskvniT, mdedrobiTi sqesis nayofis sikvdilis
mizezi zogadi mwvave sisxnakleboba gaxda, rac marjvena wvivis
mokveTis Sedegad ganviTarda. mdedrobiTi sqesis nayofi iyo
drouli 39-40 kviris orsulobidan da woniT marjvena wvivis
gareSe _ 2950 grams iwonida. n. g. Tavs damnaSaved scnobda da
danaSauls aRiarebda da msubuqi sasjelis daniSvnas iTxovda.
sasamarTlom n. g. damnaSaved scno saqarTvelos ssk-is 133-e muxlis
meore nawiliT (ukanono aborti, ramac gamoiwvia mZime Sedegi) da
sasjelis saxiT ganusazRvra Tavisuflebis aRkveTa 2 (ori) wlisa
da 6 (eqvsi) Tvis vadiT; aseve 3 (sami) wlis vadiT CamoarTva
Tanamdebobis dakavebisa da saeqimo saqmianobis ufleba. 882
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos ganaCeni msjavrdebulma
saapelacio wesiT gaasaCivra da sasjelis Semsubuqeba iTxova.
Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlom erTi mosamarTlis
SemadgenlobiT, saapelacio saCivari zepiri mosmenis gareSe
ganixila, ar daakmayofila igi da pirveli instanciis
881
ix. Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa kolegiis
2011 wlis 08 ivlisis ganaCeni n.g.-s mimarT, saqme #1/2308-11.
882ix. Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa kolegiis 2011
wlis 08 ivlisis ganaCeni n.g.-s mimarT, saqme #1/2308-11.
255
sasamarTlos ganaCeni rogorc kvalifikaciis, ise sasjelis
nawilSi ucvlelad datova.883
saqarTvelos ssk-is 133-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli
danaSauli damTavrebulad iTvleba ara nayofis mokvdinebis
momentidan, aramed orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyvetis momentidan,
anu dedis organizmidan nayofis gamodevnis momentidan.
kanonmdebeli acxadebs, dedis organizmidan gamodevnili unda iyos
ara nayofis sxeulis nawilebi, aramed nayofi, e.i. fetusi
mTlianad. am Tvalsazriss Tu gaviziarebT, mocemul SemTxvevaSi
sasamarTlos kvalifikacia sadavoa _ saxezea damTavrebuli
danaSauli, Tu saxezea danaSaulis mcdeloba. imisaTvis, rom
danaSaulis damTavrebis momenti ufro naTeli gaxdes, umjobesi
iqneboda, kanonmdebels daedgina, rom igi damTavrebulad iTvleba
ara nayofis dedis sxeulidan gamodevnis SemTxvevaSi, aramed misi
sicocxlis mospobis SemTxvevaSi, Tundac misi sxeulis nawilebis
gamodevna ver moxerxdes.
mocemul SemTxvevaSi n. g.-m ver SeZlo nayofis dedis
organizmidan gamodevna, man nayofs sxeulis nawilebi mohkveTa da
unitazSi Cayara, Tumca nayofis srulad (misi udidesi nawilis)
dedis sxeulidan gamodevna ver moaxerxa. marTalia, kanonmdebeli
ar acxadebs, rom danaSaulis damTavrebulad cnobisTvis
sakmarisia fetusis danawevreba da misi Tundac nawilis dedis
sxeulidan gamodevna, magram iqedan gamomdinare, rom
danawevrebuli fetusi veRar ganagrZobs ganviTarebas da igi
udavod daiRupeba, unda igulisxmos, rom dedis organizmidan
nayofis gamodevnaSi igulisxmeba dedis sxeulidan fetusis
Tundac nawilis gamoZeveba. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, n. g.-s
qmedeba sworad iqna dakvalificirebuli 133-e muxlis meore
nawiliT.
aseve dausabuTebelia sasamarTlos mier 133-e muxlis me-2
nawilis gamoyeneba _ sxva mZime Sedegi. ganaCenSi arsad ar aris
miTiTebuli konkretulad, ra mZime Sedegi gamoiwvia n. g.-s
qmedebam. mxolod aRwerilobiTi nawilis dasasruls naxsenebia,
rom adgili hqonda saSvilosnos RruSi xelovnur Carevas, rasac
Sedegad mohyva orsulobis Sewyveta da aRniSnuli miekuTvneba
sicocxlisaTvis saxifaTo mZime xarisxis dazianebas.
abortis gakeTeba SeuZlebelia saSvilosnos RruSi xelovnur
Carevis gareSe. es procedura ar niSnavs ukanono aborts, vinaidan
TviT kanonieri abortic saSvilosnos RruSi xelovnuri CareviT
xorcieldeba, Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo aRniSnuls ver daeyrdnoba
qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegobis dasasabuTeblad.
aRniSnuli mxolod zedapiruli Sefasebaa qalis
abortisSemdgomi mdgomareobisa, romelic dazustebuli ar aris.
ukanono aborti zogadad isedac saSiSia qalis sicocxlisaTvis.
ganaCenSi arsad ar aris miTiTebuli, rom aborts Sedegad mohyva
qalis janmrTelobis mZime an naklebad mZime dazianeba, qronikuli
avadmyofoba an msgavsi ram. sasamarTlos mxridan mxolod imaze
883ix.Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palatis
2011 wlis 17 oqtombris ganaCeni n. g.-s mimarT, saqme #1/b-772-11.
256
apelireba, rom ganxorcielebuli Careva sicocxlisaTvis saxifaTo
mZime xarisxis dazianebas miekuTvneba (Tumca ganaCenSi arc esaa
dasabuTebuli), sakmarisi ar aris mZime Sedegis dasadgenad, radgan
mZime SedegSi ar igulisxmeba mxolod safrTxe. ssk-is 133-e muxlis
me-2 nawilis gamoyenebisTvis aucilebelia saxeze iyos Sedegi _
janmrTelobis mZime dazianeba gamoxatuli konkretuli formiT,
dadasturebuli eqspertizis mier, rac am SemTxvevaSi ar yofila.
n. g.-s mier ჩadenili danaSaulis kvalifikacia unda
momxdariyo ssk-is 19, 133-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT da ara 133-e
muxlis me-2 nawiliT, xolo damatebiTi sasjelis saxiT unda
gamoyenebuliyo saeqimo saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeva da ara
„Tanamdebobis dakavebisa da saeqimo saqmianobis uflebis
CamorTmeva“, vinaidan ssk-is 43-e muxlis iTvaliswinebs erT-erT
maTgans da ara orives erTad, swored amitom kanonmdebelma
muxlSi Cawera kavSiri „an“ da ara kavSiri „da“.
metad sayuradReboa, rom ukanono abortze saqarTvelos
sasamarTlo praqtikis orive magaliTis ganxilviT aSkara gaxda,
rom orive SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom qmedebas araswori
kvalifikacia misca. pirvel SemთxvevaSi man i. T.-s qmedeba ukanono
abortis mcdelobiT daakvalifira maSin, rom nayofi dedis
sxeulidan mTlianad iyo gamodevnili, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi
danaSauli damTavrebulad miiCnia miuxedavad imisa, rom n. g.-m
nayofis dedis sxeulidan gamodevna ver SeZlo.
rom ara qalis janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gauareseba
abortis Semdeg, arc erTi zemoT dasaxelebuli SemTxveva ar
gamoaSkaravdeboda da sasamarTlos ganxilvis sagani ar gaxdeboda.
es arcaa gasakviri, vinaidan ukanono aborti maRali
latenturobiT gamoirCeva.
yuradRebas ipyrobs qalis mxridan gaugonari gulgriloba
ukve srulyofili nayofis mimarT, romelic mSobiarobis periods
iyo miRweuli da woniTac axalSobilis wonisa iyo.
miuxedavad imisa, rom nayofi srulyofili iyo da
ganviTarebis yvela etapi gavlili hqonda, dedas xeli araferma
SeuSala, igi sxeulidan nawil-nawil gamoedevna. mocemul
SemTxvevaSi ar mesaxeba aranairi mizezi da motivi, rac n. g.-s
saqciels gaamarTlebda, an misdami TanagrZnobis an Secodebis
safuZveli gaxdeboda.
Cemi azriT, n. g. erTi Cveulebrivi mkvlelia, romelsac
kanonma ufleba misca, pasuxismgeblobidan gaTavisuflebuliyo im
motiviT, rom ukanono abortis dros, man sakuTari sicocxle da
janmrTeloba safrTxeSi Caagdo.
veranair kritikas ver uZlebs eqim-mean-ginekologis qmedeba,
romelmac zrdasruli nayofi daanawevra, ris gamoc is sisxldeniT
daiRupa.
yovelive zemoT naTqvamis gamo, bunebrivi protestis grZnoba
Cndeba da moTxovna, raTa kanonma Rirseulad daicvas daubadebeli
adamiani da aravis misces misi usafuZvlod, mxolod dedis
survilis gamo, ganadgurebis ufleba.
257
usamarTloa, roca ukanono abortis gakeTebis SemTxvevaSi
deda sruliad dausjeli rCeba. igi pasuxs ar agebs arc rogorc
ukanono abortis damxmare. zog SemTxvevaSi muclis mosaSlelad
deda eqims sulac ar mimarTavs, ylapavs specialur abs, romelic
fetuss misi sxeulidan gamodevnis. msgavs SemTxvevaSi deda maSinac
ar isjeba, roca muclis mosaSlelad abs iRebs maSin, roca
fetusi ganviTarebis bolo fazas gadis da misi
sicocxlisunarianoba aRar aris damokidebuli muclad yofnaze,
e.i. fetuss ukve SeuZlia dedis gareSe arsebobs. gamodis, rom
kanoni Tvals xuWavs fetusis sicocxlis mospobaze mxolod im
motiviT, rom igi droebiT, jer kidev dedis sxeulSia.
zemoaRniSnuli kidev erTi argumentia imisa, rom dedis mier
abortis gakeTeba orsulobis im etapze, roca nayofs dedis
sxeulis gareSec SeuZlia ganagrZos arseboba (ZiriTad SemTxvevaSi
orsulobis eqvsi Tvidan) dasjadad unda gamocxaddes. am dros igi
ukanono abortis ganmaxorcielebeli eqimis Tanamonawile xdeba.
,,qmedebisadmi pirovnebis subieqturi damokidebulebis damuSaveba
saerTo SefasebiTi ganxilvis safuZvelze xdeba. am dros sayrden
wertilebs qcevis Sedegebis mimarT adamianis sakuTari
dainteresebis xarisxisa da qmedebaSi misi monawileobis
moculobis gverdiT qmedebaze batonoba, an sul mcire, qmedebaze
batonobis nebis arseboba warmoadgens“.884 Tanamonawilea is, vinc
,,amoqmeddeba da unda, rom ,,sxvisi qmnilebis saxiT“ gamoiwvios
qmedeba an xeli Seuwyos mas“.885 aSkaraa, rom ukanono abortis
dros saxezea dedis mier ganxorcielebuli moqmedeba (eqimTan
ukanono abortis gasakeTeblad misvla da survilis gamoxatva),
raTa gamoiwvios qmedeba (eqimis mier abortis gakeTeba) da Sedegis
mimarT pirdapiri dainteresebac. ,,Tanamonawile imis gamo ki ar
isjeba, rom man mTavari amsrulebeli bralsa da sasjelSi
CaiTria, aramed imis gamo, rom man qmedebis ganzraxvis gamowvevis
an sxvagvarad damxmare qcevis saSualebiT marTlsawinaaRmdego
mTavar qmedebas Seuwyo xeli“. 886 dResdReobiT deda mxolod im
safuZvliT ar agebs pasuxs, rom Tanamonawilis pasuxisgebisTvis
,,aucilebeli pirobaa, rom xelyofis qveS moqceuli samarTlebrivi
sikeTe TanamonawilesTan mimarTebiTac dacviT sargeblobdes“.887
msgavsi dacviT fetusi dedasTan mimarTebaSi ar sargeblobs im
motiviT, rom ukanono abortiT deda sakuTar janmrTelobas
ayenebs zians.
Tuki gaviTvaliswinebT, rom ,,Tanamonawileoba qmedebaze
batonobis gareSe sxvisi moqmedebis an umoqmedobis gamowvevis an
misTvis xelSewyobis miRwevaa“,888 aSkara xdeba dedis roli,
romelic qmedebiT, e.i. ukanono abortis gakeTebis TxovniT,
romlis ganxorcielebac mas Tavad SeiZleba ar SeeZlos, iwvevs
884
veselsi i., boilke v., sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili, danaSauli da misi
agebuleba, Tb., 2010, 292.
885
iqve, 291.
886
iqve, 316.
887
iqve, 316.
888
iqve, 294.
258
eqimis mier qmedebas _ ukanono abortis gakeTebas da piradad
eswreba da monawileobs abortis ganxorcielebaSi.
zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, aSkaraa dedis aqtiuri roli
ukanono abortis ganxorcielebaSi, rac Tavis mxriv, kanonmdebels
uflebas aZlebs, sicocxlisunariani fetusi daicvas da daawesos
dedis pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi.
,,saSineli masStabebi miiRo abortma saqarTveloSi. qarTveli
mamebi da dedebi, romlebic, arfers iSureben SvilebisaTvis da
yovelgvar gaWirvebas iTmenen, Cveulebrivi mkvlelebi xdebian
Tavisi codvili gaunaTleblobisa da daufiqreblobis gamo.
Tanamedrove teqnika iZleva imis saSualebas, rom nayofis sqesi
bavSvis dabadebamde davadginoT. da mecnierebis am miRwevas
mravali mSobeli Svilis mkvlelobisaTvis iyenebs. ,,Tu biWia,
daitove,“_ moiTxovs mama, _ ,,Tu gogoa, moiSore“. ra SeiZleba
ewodos am danaSauls? adamianebi sCadian umZimes codvas.
aRarafers vityviT mkvleli abortmaxerebis Sesaxeb“.889
samwuxaroa, rom 21-e saukuneSi aralegalur abortebze
gviwevs saubari, magram es realobaa. aRniSnulis Sesaxeb zusti
statistika ar arsebobs da verc iarsebebs, radgan aseTi abortebi
saxlebSi da arasamedicino punqtebSi keTdeba, swored amitomac
aris is saSiSi, radgan qali arasteriluri garemodan aTasnair
infeqcias ikidebs, rac Semdeg rTuldeba, sxvadasxva daavadebebSi
gadadis da iRupeba an mTeli cxovreba itanjeba. yuradsaRebia
kidev erTi problema _ abortebis asaki gaaxalgazrdavda da
muclis mosaSlelad 14-19 wlis gogonebi eqimebs xSirad
mimarTaven.890 aborti TavisTavad arasasurveli da safrTxis
Semcveli aqtia, Tumca misi samedicino dawesebulebaSi gakeTeba
gacilebiT amcirebs misi arasasurveli SedegiT dasrulebis risks.
,,aralegaluri abortebis moTxovnileba sakmaod gazrdilia
e.w. TineijerebSi, 14-19 wlis gogonebSi. isini aralegalur da
riskian abortebs imitom ikeTeben, rom eSiniaT maTi fexmZimoba
ojaxis wevrebma ar gaigon, Tumca amiT isini ufro met safrTxes
uqmnian sakuTar janmrTelobas“.891
,,1987 wels saqarTveloSi Catarda epidemiologiuri kvleva
(anonimuri gamokiTxva) romlis mizani aralegaluri abortebis
ricxvis gamorkveva iyo. maSin registrirebuli iyo 100 000
legaluri aborti. aralegaluri abortebis ricxvi ki 200 000
aRmoCnda, anu 2-jer meti. qarTveli qalebi 5, 10, 15, 30 aborts
ise ikeTebdnen, TiTqos araferi. maSin kontracefcia ar arsebobda
da abortebiT janmrTelobas inadgurebdnen. dRes ki sxva realobaa
da vfiqrob, abortebi problema ar unda iyos. dResdReobiT
saqarTveloSi kontraceptivebs daaxloebiT 50% xmarobs“.892
889
890 ix. qaaZe n., statia, aborti, rogorc qalTaDdanaSauli, J. kromonologi, Tb.,
2009, 118.
891 iqve, 119-120.
892 iqve, 120.
259
,,aucileblia abortebis statistikis ganxilva, radgan mas
sakmaod savalalo Sedegebamde mivyavarT, rac metad samwuxaroa”. 893
,,saqarTveloSi 1999 wlamde abortis maCvenebeli SedarebiT
stabiluri iyo da Seadgenda 200 aborts 1 000 gaTxovil qalze.
amasTan, gaTxovili qalebis daaxloebiT 19% iyenebda ojaxis
dagegmvis Tanamedrove meTodebs“.894 ,,Tu 90-iani wlebis bolos
dafiqsirebuli abortebis ricxvi 11 aTass Seadgenda, 2004
wlisaTvis oficialurad samedicino stacionarebSi 13 aTasze meti
aborti iqna dafiqsirebuli. araoficialurad ki es ricxvi
SedarebiT maRalia, weliwadSi daaxloebiT 25-dan 27 aTasamde
meryeobs”.895
metad sainteresoa eqspertTa azri zemoT aRniSnul sakiTxze.
eqspertebi abortebis gaaxalgazrdavebisa da aralegaluri
abortebis erT-erT mizezad axalgazrdebis ucodinrobas
asaxeleben, kerZod imas, rom e.w. Tineijerebi kontraceptivebisa da
usafrTxo kavSirebis Sesaxeb informacias ar floben.896 mimaCnia,
rom aucilebelia, arsebobdes specialuri saganmanaTleblo
programebi, satelevizio gadacemebi da msgavsi masobrivi aqtivoba
imisTvis, raTa axalgazrdam iswavlos, ratom unda Tqvas uari
abortze da miT umetes aralegalur abortze. am mimarTulebiT ki
saxelmwifos roli da mniSvneloba metad sapasuxismgebloa, rac
samwuxarod dResdReobiT saxelmwifo mxridan ar xorcieldeba.
abortis sakiTxebze mxolod qarTuli marTlmadidebeli eklesia
axdens aqtiur reagirebas. sapatriarqos satelevizio arxze
sakmaod xSirad gadis saganmanaTleblo_SemecnebiTi xasiaTis
gadacemebi abortis codvasa da mavneblobaze. aseve didi
aqtiuroba SeiniSneba oficialur marTlmadideblur internet
saitebze.
,,metad mniSvnelovania kriminaluri abortis Temac.
kriminaluri aborti saxezea Tu darRveulia janmrTelobis dacvis
Sesaxeb kanonis zemoT miTiTebuli moTxovnebi. amis Semdeg ukve
dadgeba sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxic. unda
aRiniSnos, rom zogierT qveyanaSi orsulobis Sewyvetis safuZvlad
aseve miCneulia e.w. eTikuri (roca orsuloba gamoiwveulia
gaupatiurebiT) da evgenuri Cvenebebi (arsebobs didi albaToba,
rom bavSvi daibadeba avadmyofi). kriminaluri abortis Sedegad
msoflioSi yovelwliurad 70.000-ze meti qali iRupeba. abortis
problema gansakuTrebuli simwvaviT gamoirCeva da aramarto misi
tendenciuri xasiaTis gamo. sisxlissamarTlebrivi sakiTxebis
garda igi aseve moicavs religiasa da moralTan dakavSirebul
sakiTxebs, rac arsebiTad arTulebs abortTan dakavSirebul
erTiani Sexedulebis Camoyalibebas”.897 saqarTvelo ar miekuTvneba
893 qaaZe n., dasax. statia, aborti, rogorc qalTaDdanaSauli, J. kromonologi,

Tb., 2009, 120.
894 serbanesku f., tefti m., Saxnazarova m., uiliamsi d., berZuli n., bergi s.,
reproduqciuli asakis sikvdilianobis kvleva, nawili II, saqarTvelo, 2008, 10.
895qaaZe n., dasax. statia, 120.
896 ix. iqve, 122.
897
iqve, 122.
260
im qveyanaTa jgufs, sadac orsulobis Sewyvetis safuZvlad aseve
miCneulia eTikuri da evgenuri Cvenebebi.
,,saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dasjadia mxolod aborti,
romelic ganxorcielda kanoniT dadgenili wesebis darRveviT:
aralicenzirebul samedicino dawesebulebaSi, samedicino
saqmianobis armqone eqimis mier, orsulTan winaswari gasaubrebis
gareSe da am gasaubrebidan dadgenili aucilebeli vadis gasvlis
darRveviT an sanitarul-higienuri normebis darRveviT. amdenad,
daculia mxolod dedis sicocxle da janmrTeloba da araa
dasjadi embrionis mkvleloba. danaSauli damTavrebulad
CaiTvleba orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyvetis momentidan.
obieqturi Semadgenlobis mixedviT orsulobis Sewyvetis xerxi
gavlenas ar axdens qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegobaze”.898
fetusis uflebis dacva saerTosaxelmwifoebriv doneze rom
ufro gonivrulad da gaazrebulad aris dasayenebeli, amas
statistikis departamentis mier Sedgenili gasuli wlebis
monacemebic adasturebs, sadac dabadebulTa da gardacvliTa
raodenobas Soris umniSvnelo sxvaobaa. es ki, Tavis mxriv, iseTi
samwuxaro realobis winaSe ayenebs saqarTvelos, rogoricaa is,
rom eri ar mravldeba.899
898
qaaZe n., dasax. statia, 122-123.
899
218.
261
,,aRniSnul sakiTxze saqarTvelos statistikis departamentis
statistikuri monacemebi Semdegnairia:“ 900
2003w. 2004w. 2005w. 2006w. 2007w.

dabad. gardacv. dabad. gardacv dabad. gardacv dabad. gardacv dabad. gardacv.
saqarTvelo 46 194 46 055 49 572 48 793 46 512 40 721 47 795 42 255 49 287 41 178
Tbilisi 16 808 12 597 12 317 12 424 12 794 11 164 13 773 12 454 14 188 12 040
aWaris a/r 4 092 2 405 5 716 3 017 4 711 3 020 4 637 2 609 4 687 2 563
guriis 1 165 1 923 1 431 1 963 1 432 1 746 1 343 1 479 1 438 1 390
regioni
imereTis 6 348 8 143 7 717 9 756 6 717 6 490 7 131 7 797 7 310 7 629
regioni
kaxeTis 2 787 4 652 3 655 5 527 3 366 4 005 3 840 4 189 4 103 4 152
regioni
mcxeTa-
mTianeTis 903 1 480 1 514 1 701 1 298 1 332 1 165 1 237 1 258 1 200
regioni
raWa-
leCxumisa 202 798 327 991 376 700 235 632 313 612
da svaneTis
regioni
samegrelo-
zemo svaneTis 3 652 4 803 3 817 3 682 4 408 4 193 4 421 3 892 4 598 3 802
regioni
samcxe-
javaxeTis 2 142 2 143 2 836 2 208 2 303 1 706 2 113 1 604 2 124 1 574
regioni
qvemo
qarTlis 3 568 3 424 6 407 3 561 5 148 3 086 5 856 3 354 5 902 3 272
regioni
Sida
qarTlis 4 527 3 687 3 835 3 963 3 959 3 279 3 281 3 008 3 366 2 944
regioni
saqarTvelo abortebis ricxvis mixedviT, erT-erTi mowinave

qveyanaa msoflioSi. msoflios janmrTelobis dacvis organizacia
acxadebs, rom TiToeuli qalis mier sicocxlis periodSi
gakeTebuli abortebis ricxvi 3-s aRwevs.901 aSkarad SeimCneva
saqarTveloSi abortis gaaxalgazrdaveba. maTi ricxvi
arasrulwlovan gogonebSi didi xania dasaSveb niSnuls ascda.
gaeros monacemebiT, 1000 qalze, maTi reproduqtiuli asakis
periodSi (15-49 weli) 19.1 aborti modis. (2004-2005 wlebis
900
farsadaniSvili n., dasax. statia, 217-218.
901
ix. www.finchanel.com/Main_News/Geo/76849_Georgia_has_highest_abotion_rates_in_the_World/
written on 06.12.2010, 15.05.2011.
262
monacemebi). bolo dros sul ufro moxSirda TviTneburi abortebi.
Zalian rTulia zusti cifris dasaxeleba, Tu ramdeni aborti
keTdeba qveyanaSi yovelwliurad.902
gaerosa da damoukidebeli arasamTavrobo organizaciebis
mier dadebuli daskvnis mixedviT, ,,saqarTvelos 2005-2008 wlebis
statistika Semdegnairia:“903
weli dabadebulTa abortis fetusis abortis Sefardeba

raodenoba saerTos gardacvalebis orsulobis saerTo
raodenoba SemTxvevebi raodenobasTan
2005 46 512 19 900 766 30.0%
2006 47 795 21 204 817 30.7%
2007 49 287 20 644 738 29.5%
2008 56 565 22 062 390 28.0%
,,saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis

saministros monacemebsa da statistikaze dayrdnobiT, abortebis
raodenoba 1989 wels sakmaod maRali iyo da TiTqmis 69 aTass
Seadgenda, rac yovel 100 Casaxul bavSvze 45-ia. 1998 wlidan am
raodenobam SedarebiT iklo da 24 aTasamde daeca“.904
,,abortebis matebis tendencia gansakuTrebiT 2004 wlidan
SeiniSneba. yvelaze maRali xvedriTi wili 20 dan 35 wlamde
qalebze modis. aborti fiqsirdeba 15 wlis asaks miuRwevel
qalebSic, romlebTanac nebayoflobiTi sqesobrivi kavSiric ki
dasjadia (ssk 140-e muxli)”.905
902ix. www.finchanel.com/Main_News/Geo/76849_Georgia_has_highest_abotion_rates_in_the_World/
written on 06.12.2010, 15.05.2011.
903
www.johnstonsarchive.net/policy/abortion/ab-georgia.html/Abortion statistics and other data--
Johnston`s Archive/ Historical abortion statistics, Georgia, 12.12.2010.
904
905
wigni I, Tb., 2010, 548-549, wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis departamenti.
263
,,saqarTveloSi registrirebuli abortebis statistika (2000-
2007 wlebi) Semdegnairia:”906
wlebis 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

mixedviT
registrirebuli 15.0 15.0 13.9 13.8 17.2 19.7 21.2 20.6
abortebi, aTasi
maT Soris mini 5.4 5.3 5.1 5.2 6.6 6.7 7.5 7.6
abortebi, aTasi
abortebis 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

ricxvi
qalebis
asakis
mixedviT,
erTeuli
15 wlamde 1 1 9 2 6 5 2 8
15-19 787 857 789 897 1494 1057 1380 1037
20-34 11239 11267 10687 10247 13105 15710 16898 15780

35 da meti 2924 2883 2423 2688 2605 2909 2924 3819
,,rac Seexeba 2008-2009 wlebis monacemebs, Semdegnairia“:907
weli registrirebuli abortis saerTos

raodenoba
2008 22064
2009 5342 (3 Tvis monacemi)
saqarTveloSi ,,2010 wels aRiricxa 25585 aborti. oficialuri

monacemebiT, abortis jamobrivi koeficienti 2007-2010 wlebSi erT
qalze 0.9-s Seadgenda, ramac abortis masobrivi koeficienti
906
cqitiSvili T., dasax. statia, 548-549, wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis
departamenti.
907
264
Seadgina“.908 am TvalsazrisiT abortebis masobrivi koeficienti
wina wlebTan SedarebiT gaizarda, vinaidan 1999-2005 wlebSi igi
0.4-s Seadgenda.909
is faqti, rom ukanasknel wlebSi abortis ricxvi Semcirda,
,,udavod Cveni brZeni mamamTavris, uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia
II, wmida sinodis mRvdelmTavrebiსა da mTlianad saqarTvelos
eklesiis damsaxurebaa“.910
8.1. fetusis sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis aucilebloba,

fetusis sicocxlis uflebis dacvisTvis saqarTvelos sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsSi cvlilebebis Setanis aucilebloba
cxadia, mxolod eklesiisa da uwmindesis Zalisxmeva fetusis

sicocxlis gadasarCenad ar kmara. samwuxarod, rogorc
saerTaSorisosamarTlebriv, ise Sida samarTlebriv doneze,
fetusis sicocxlis dacva Rirseulad ar xdeba.
,,qarTuli samedicino azrovneba da qarTuli medicina XX
saukuneSi warmoadgenda sabWoTa medicinis erT-erT Semadgenel
nawils. misi sakanonmdeblo sivrce sakavSiros analogiuri iyo“.911
rac Seexeba abortis kriminalur aspeqtebs, unda aRiniSnos,
rom aborti saqarTveloSi 1955 wlidan aris legalizebuli, aqedan
gamomdinare, igi danaSaulad ar iTvleba da sisxlissamarTlebriv
pasuxismgeblobas ar iTvaliswinebs, dasjadia mxolod ,,ukanono
aborti” (ssk-is 133-e muxli), rac gulisxmobs mis gakeTebas
aralicenzirebul samedicino dawesebulebaSi, saeqimo saqmianobis
uflebis damadasturebeli saxelmwifos serTifikatis gareSe,
sanitarul-higienuri normebis darRveviT da sxva normebis
ugulebelyofiT. aRsaniSnavia, rom ,,ukanono abortis” cneba gaCnda
ara bavSvis, aramed qalis janmrTelobisa da sicocxlis
dasacavad, am danaSaulis mTavari obieqtic swored qalis
janmrTelobaa. Tumca sainteresoa, ratom arafers ambobs
kanonmdebeli qalze _ rogorc fetusis winaaRmdeg Cadenil
danaSaulSi monawile pirze? mimaCnia, rom mizanSewonili iqneboda
sakanonmdeblo sferos mxridan yuradRebis SeCereba am sakiTxze.
ratom unda iyos mxolod samedicino muSaki am danaSaulis
amsrulebeli,912 rodesac qalsac gacnobierebuli aqvs, rom
908
janmrTelobis dacva, saqarTvelo 2010, statistikuri cnobari, saqarTvelos
Sromis, janmrTelobis da socialuri dacvis saministro, daavadebaTa
kontrolis da sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis erovnuli centri, Tb., 2011, 196.
909ix. iqve, 196.
910
911
912
ix. griSikaSvili l., statia, konfliqti qalis Tavisuflebasa da fetusis
sicocxlis uflebas Soris, J. kromonologi, Tb., 2009, 131-132.
265
sakuTari janmrTelobisTvis safrTxis Seqmnis garda, aborts
daubadebeli adamianis sicocxle ewireba.
saqarTvelos ssk-is 133-e muxlis mixedviT, ukanono abortis
sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis obieqti aris ara fetusis
sicocxle, aramed orsuli qalis janmrTeloba da sicocxle.
ukanono aborti dedis janmrTelobisa da sicocxlisTvis qmnis
safrTxes, aqedan gamomdinare, deda ver iqneba ukanono abortis
subieqti. fetusis matarebeli qali verc ukanono abortis
Tanamonawile an Tanaamsrulebeli iqneba, vinaidan piri ar
SeiZleba iyos sakuTari Tavis winaaRmdeg Cadenili danaSaulis an
amsrulebeli an Tanamonawile.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi fetusis
sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis TvalsazrisiT, metad ususuria, rac
dauyovnebliv unda gamoswordes. kanonmdebelma pasuxismgebloba
unda aiRos da garkveuli cvlilebebi Seitanos urTierTobis
momwesrigebel normebSi, SeZlebisdagvarad maqsimalurad unda
aRmoifxvras kanonis naklovanebebi da fetusi samarTlebrivi
regulirebis sferoSi realurad unda moaqcios.
mimaCnia, rom aborti, orsulobis nebismier stadiaze, aris
momavali adamianis ganzrax mkvleloba. swored amitom Cemi
survili iqneboda, abortis kriminalizacia momxdariyo miuxedavad
orsulobis xangrZlivobisa. danaSaulis amsrulebeli erTnairi
simkacriT dasjiliyo abortis gakeTebisTvis orsulobis nebismier
stadiaze imis miuxedavad, mag: fetusi 3 kviris iqneboda Tu 3
Tvis. miuxedavad imisa, rom dResdReobiT qarTuli sazogadoeba
gacilebiT eklesiuri gaxda da maTi Segnebac amaRlebulia, Znelia
mtkiceba, rom abortis kriminalizacia Sedegs gamoiRebs. didi
albaTobiT abortis kriminalizaciis Cemi survili jer-jerobiT
ver ganxorcieldeba, vinaidan praqtikaSi Sedegs ver gamoiRebs.
swored amitom, unda SeirCes optimaluri varianti, raTa
kanonmdebelma fetusic daicvas da ukanono abortebis ricxvis
zrdac Tavidan airidos.
ukanono abortis erT-erTma subieqtma _ eqimma, Tavisi
profesiidan gamomdinare, kargad icis, rom fetusi Casaxvis
momentidan daubadebeli adamiania, Sesabamisad, sruliad
gacnobierebuli aqvs, rom abortis gakeTebis dros, igi daubadebel
adamians klavs.
,,Tu gaviTvaliswinebT medicinis Tanamedrove miRwevebis
gamoyenebiT Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebs, romlis mixedviTac,
deda da Svili Casaxvis momentidan erTmaneTisgan gancalkevebuli
da gansxvavebuli unikaluri adamianebi arian da orsulobis me-11
kvirisaTvis bavSvis yvela organos sistema funqcionirebs, agreTve
saqarTvelos demografiul mdgomareobas, da imas, rom
saqarTveloSi dominirebul religias marTlmadidebloba
warmoadgens, romelic muclis mowyvetas kacis kvlad miiCnevs,
abortis akrZalvis aucileblobamde mivalT“.913
913
wigni I, Tb., 2010, 557.
266
aborti ukanonod unda gamocxaddes da eqims aekrZalos misi
gakeTeba, miuxedavad fetusis asakisa, Tumca aRniSnulis
cxovrebaSi gatareba metad Znelia. abortis winaaRmdeg
sabrZolvelad SesaZloa efeqturi ar gamodges misi sruli
kriminalizacia. ar SeiZleba imis ugulvebelyofa, rasac msoflios
mravalwliani gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom abortTan brZola
akrZalviTa da iuridiuli meqanizmebiT ar iZleva Sedegebs, misi
daZleva mxolod mosaxleobis sulieri gajansaRebis Sedegadaa
SesaZlebeli. Tuki kanonmdebeli samedicino personalisTvis
aborts ukanonod gamoacxadebs orsulobis nebismier stadiaze,
xolo sazogadoeba sakmarisad Segnebuli da sulierad
amaRlebuli ar aRmoCndeba, SesaZloa, savalalo Sedegebi miviRoT
_ SesaZloa kanonis akrZalvam deda ar daafiqros da vinaidan
aborts samedicino dawesebulebaSi ver gaikeTebs, arsebobs didi
riski, rom man TviTaborts, an araprofesionals mimarTos da
aborti mainc gaikeTos. aseT viTarebaSi Sedegad miviRebT imas, rom
abortebis ricxvi ar Semcirdeba da yvela im qalis sicocxle da
janmrTeloba didi riskis qveS dadgeba, visac abortis gakeTeba
myarad aqvs gadawyvetili da miznis misaRwevad sxvadasxva
saSualebebs mosinjavs, rac Tavis mxriv, qalTa sikvdilianobis
maCvenebels sagrZnoblad gazrdis. gasaTvaliswinebelia irlandiis
gamocdilebac, sadac aborti akrZalulia, Tumca irlandieli
qalebi aborts mainc ikeTeben. akrZalvam isini ver SeaCera. kanonis
simkacridan gamomdinare, irlandieli qalebi abortis
gasakeTeblad sxva qveyanaSi, ZiriTadad inglisSi, Sotlandiasa da
uelsSi midian, rac aseve qmnis riskis faqtors orsuli qalis
janmrTelobisa da sicocxlisTvis orsulobis individualuri
garTulebebidan gamomdinare (Tu aseTs eqneba adgili). mocemul
SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba abortis gasakeTeblad orsuli qalis
mgzavrobis riski, aseve naabortali qalis janmrTelobis
mdgomareobis garTulebis safrTxe abortisSemdgomi mgavrobis
dros (roca abortis Semdeg irlandiaSi brundeba).
amasTan, yovel sazogadoebaSi arsebobs xelmokle qalebis
didi armia, romeTac ar eqnebaT imis materialuri SesaZlebloba,
sxva qveyanaSi gadavidnen da gaikeTon legaluri aborti, rac
srulebiT ar niSnavs imas, rom isini ganzraxvaze xels aiReben.
ufro metic, yvela is qali, visac abortis gakeTeba myarad aqvs
gadawyvetili, aucileblad ipovnis alternatiul, aralegalur
gzas arasasurveli orsulobis Sesawyvetad914, rac pirdapir
kavSirSia maTi janmrTelobisa da sicocxlis did riskTan.
gutmaCeris institutis915 kvlevebis Tanaxmad, romlebic
abortis kriminalizacias Seexeba, abortis kriminalizacia sulac
ar amcirebs qveyanaSi abortebis raodenobas, piriqiT igi
914
ix. Reagan Leslie J., Criminalizing abortion will have disastrous consequences , March 1, 2006,
www.progressive.org/media_mpreagan030106, 27.09.2011.
915
gutmaCeris instituti (Guttmacher Institute) _ arasamTavrobo organizacia,
daarsebuli amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi 1968 wels, romelic muSaobs
reproduqciuli janmrTelobis sferoSi da atarebs kvlevebs abortis,
kontracefciis, orsulobisa da msgavsi sakiTxebi garSemo.
267
gansakuTrebul negatiur fsiqologiur wnexs axorcielebs.916
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis nawilSi (arizona, koneqtikuti,
ilinoisi, indiana, luisiana, nebraska, nevada, minesota, oklahoma
da sxv.) aborti ukanonod aris gamocxadebuli orsulobis
nebismier stadiaze, Tumca verc erT maTganSi kanonis simkacrem
Sedegi ver gamoiRo.917
mTeli 19 saukunis ganmavlobaSi aborti TiTqmis yvela
qveyanaSi akrZaluli iyo. am periodSi ukanono abortebma TiTqmis
kriminaluri xasiaTi miiRo da eqimebmac, abortis mavne
Sedegebisagan qalTa dasacavad aqtiuri moZraoba daiwyes abortis
legalizaciisaTvis, rasac masobrivi gamosvlebi mohyva.
yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, mosazreba abortis
mTlianad kriminalizaciis Sesaxeb sakanonmdeblo winadadebad
jer-jerobiT ver gamodgeba, Tumca saWiro da aucilebelic aris
am TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovani cvlilebebis ganxorcieleba.
mimaCnia, unda ganxorcieldes Semdegi saxis cvlilebebi,
kerZod, saqarTvelos ssk-is 133-e muxli Semdegnairad unda
Camoyalibdes:
1. aborti ukanonod unda gamocxaddes, roca orsulobis
xangrZlivoba 6 (eqvsi) kviras aRemateba;
moqmedi ssk-is Tanaxmad, dasjadad iTvleba aborti, roca
orsulobis xangrZlivoba 12 kviras aRemateba. aRniSnuli daTqma
sruliad gaumarTleblad mimaCnia, vinaidan 6 kviris (42 dRe)
nayofi ukve sruliad Camoyalibebulia da am droidan gaCenamde,
igi ubralod zomaSi izrdeba. damtkicebulia, rom Casaxvidan 6
kviris Semdeg, fetuss yvela adamianuri organo ganviTarebuli
aqvs, eleqtroencefaluri xelsawyoebiT misi tvinis
funqcionirebis dadgenaa SesaZlebeli (e.i. misi tvini ukve
muSaobs), misi guli ki ukve 3 kviraa Zgers. faqtia, rom 6 kviris
fetusi Camoyalibebulia, aRar waagavs Tavkombalas (rogorc mas
xandaxan moixsenieben) da ufro adamiania, vidre qromosomebis
grova. Sesabamisad, ukanono abortad unda gamocxaddes misi
gakeTeba, roca orsulobis xangrZlivoba aRemateba ara Tormet,
aramed eqvs kviras.
didi sxvaoba adreuli da gviani orsulobis dros gakeTebul
abortebs Soris. pirveli 12 kviris orsulobisas, aborti aris
SedarebiT usafrTxo da martivi procedura, romelic, rogorc
wesi, ar saWiroebs pacientis saavadmyofoSi RamisTevas.
orsulobis 12 kviris Semdeg, mosalodnelia garTulebebi, ufro
rTuli samedicino xelsawyoebi unda iqnas gamoyenebuli, fetusic
SedarebiT didi zomisaa da xSirad hospitalizacias ramdenime
dRe sWirdeba. amasTan, bunebrivia, gviani aborti ufro Zviria.
Tundac samarTlebrivad kanonieri aborti nebadarTuli iyos 20
kviris orsulobis dros, rogorc wesi, samedicino TvalsazrisiT,
916
ix. www.blackadderiv.wordpress.com/2008/12/01/making-abortion-illegal-reduces-the-abortion-rate,
27.09.2011.
917
ix. State by state table, Bans of Abortion,
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States_by_state, 27.09.2011.
268
orsulobis 12 kviris Semdeg gakeTebuli aborti ganixileba
rogorc arausafrTxo operacia. am da sxva mizezebis gamo,
eqimebis umravlesoba uars ambobs Seasrulos aborti orsulobis
gvian etapze.918
12 kviris Semdeg, nayofi sakmaod mozrdilia da aborti
realuri riskis qveS ayenebs dedis janmrTelobasa da sicocxles.
aseve metad aqtiuria fetusis reagireba samedicino iaraRebze,
Tavis dacvas cdilobs da aqtiurad gadaadgildeba, rac imas
niSnavs, rom samedicino xelsawyo misi gadaadgilebis Sesabamisad
moZraobs dedis organizmSi, rac arc Tu ise saxarbieloa qalis
saSvilosnosTvis. arsebobs kidev erTi faqtori, orsulobis 12
kviris Semdeg gakeTebuli aborti, aucileblad moiTxovs dedis
saSvilosnos kedlebis damuSavebas, rac aseve riskis Semcvelia.
Tuki fetusis sicocxlis ufleba aRiarebuli da
gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba, aborti ukanonod unda gamocxaddes
orsulobis 6 kviris Semdeg, rac dedis sicocxlisa da
janmrTelobisTvis zianis miyenebis safrTxes mniSvnelovnad
Seamcirebs. amasTanave, mTavari kriteriumi unda gaxdes is, rom
fetusis tvini 6 kviridan funqcionirebas iwyebs da ara is, rom 12
kviris fetusis dedis sxeulidan gamodevna ufro advilia, vidre
ufro gviani orsulobis dros.
2. ukanono aborti damTavrebulad unda CaiTvalos im
momentidan, rodesac qirurgis samedicino xelsawyo
dedis saSoSi Seva fetusis gamosadevnad da fetuss
daazianebs imgvarad, rom igi daiRupeba, mniSvneloba ar
aqvs, piri (specialuri subieqtis SemTxvevaSi eqimi)
fetuss dedis organizmidan mTlianad gamodevnis,
nawilobriv, Tu saerTod ver moaxerxebs mis gamodevnas.
dRes moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis mixedviT, ukanono
aborti damTavrebulad iTvleba dedis organizmidan nayofis
gamodevnis momentidan, gamodis, rom Tuki piri nayofs daanawevrebs
dedis organizmSi, Tumca mas aRar an veRar gamodevnis
organizmidan, misi qmedeba ar SeiZleba dakvalificirdes rogorc
damTavrebuli danaSauli ssk-is 133-e muxliT, rac sruliad
gaumarTleblad mimaCnia.
Tuki samedicino xelsawyo fetuss dedis sxeulSi
daanawevrebs, ra mniSvneloba aqvs, danawevrebuli fetusis dedis
sxeulidan gamodevna moxdeba Tu ara? aRniSნuli Sedegs ar cvlis
_ ukanono abortis Sedegad fetusi ganadgurebulia da dedis
janmrTelobasa da sicocxles safrTxe Seeqmna.
ukanono abortis sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis ZiriTadi
obieqti orsuli qalis janmrTeloba da sicocxlea. aravisTvis
sadavo ar aris, rom qalis sxeulSi gardacvlili fetusis
datoveba da misi ar/ver gamodevna gacilebiT did saSiSroebas
warmoadgens, vidre gardavclili fetusisgan dedis organizmis
gaTavisufleba. gardacvlili fetusis dedis sxeulSi datoveba
918
ix. Magnus Hirschfeld Archine for Sexology, Abortion Methods,
www2.hu-berlin.de/sexology/ATLAS_EN/html/abortion_methods.html, 27.05.2012.
269
dedis janmrTelobisa da sicocxlisTvis risks mniSvnelovnad
zrdis. moqmedi kanonmdebloba ki acxadebs, rom ukanono aborti
damTavrebulad SeiZleba CaiTvalos mxolod mas Semdeg, rac
fetusi dedis organizmidan gamodevnil iqneba.
amdenad, ufro logikuri da samarTliani iqneba, danaSauli
damTavrebulad CaiTvalos swored im momentidan, roca fetusi
ukve araa cocxali da dedis janmrTelobis dazianebis an
sicocxlis mospobis safrTxe ukve saxezea.
swored ukanono abortis sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis
ZiriTad obieqts emsaxureba mocemuli winadadeba, vinaidan
damatebiTi obieqti _ nayofi ukve ganadgurebulia, miuxedavad
imisa, igi gamoidevneba Tu ara dedis organizmidan.
3. sasjelis zoma Semdegnairad unda Camoyalibdes:
 1-li nawili ,,ukanono aborti“, _ isjeba jarimiT
an sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo SromiT vadiT
asidan oras ormoc saaTamde an gamasworebeli
samuSaoTi vadiT erTidan or wlamde, an
Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT erT wlamde,
Tanamdebobis dakavebis an saqmianobis uflebis
CamorTmeviT vadiT erT wlamde;
 me-2 nawili ,,igive qmedeba, Cadenili ukanono
abortisaTvis msjavrdebulis mier, an ramac
gamoiwvia Svilosnobis samudamo moSla an sxva
mZime Sedegi“, _ isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT
vadiT samidan xuT wlamde, Tanamdebobis
dakavebis an saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeviT
vadiT sam wlamde;
 me-3 nawili ,,ukanono aborti, ramac gamoiwvia
sicocxlis mospoba“, _ isjeba Tavisuflebis
aRkveTiT vadiT xuTidan Svid wlamde,
CamorTmeviT vadiT xuT wlamde.
aRniSnuli sasjelis zoma sruliad samarTlianad mimaCnia
gansakuTrebiT eqimisTvis, romelmac zustad icis embrionis
ganviTarebis stadiebi da uwyis, rom 6 kviris fetusi ukve
dasrulebuli nayofia.
dRes moqmedi sasjeli am danaSaulisaTvis araadekvaturia
qmedebis saSiSroebasTan. aseve yuradsaRebia qmedebis moraluri
mxare, miT umetes saqarTveloSi, sadac mosaxleobis umravlesoba
marTlmadidebelia, marTlmadidebloba ki aborts Casaxvis
momentidan mkvlelobad miiCnevs da misTvis ar arsebobs cneba _
ukanono da kanonieri aborti. marTlmadideblobisTvis aborti
principulad miuRebelia.
saqarTvelos moqmedi ssk-is 133-e muxlis pirveli nawilis
Tanaxmad, ukanono aborti isjeba jarimiT an sazogadoebisaTvis
sasargeblo SromiT vadiT asidan oras ormoc saaTamde an/da
gamasworebeli samuSaoTi vadiT erTidan or wlamde. pirveli
nawilisTvis kanonmdebelma ar daadgina Tanamdebobis dakavebis an
saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeva. mocemuli daTqma aSkaras xdis,
270
rom kanonmdebeli TiTqmis arafrad agdebs fetusis sicocxles da
dacvis obieqtad praqtikulad mxolod dedis sicocxle da
janmrTeloba aqvs gamocxadebuli. vinaidan fetusis mimarT
kanonmdeblis midgoma unda Seicvalos da misi dacva unda moxdes,
rogorc potenciuri adamianisa, Sesabamisad, ukanono abortis
gamkeTebeli eqimi adekvaturi sasjelis zomiT unda daisajos, rac
Sesabamisi iqneba mis mier Cadenili danaSaulis saSiSrobasa da
simZimesTan _ kanonis akrZalvis miuxedavad, akeTebs ukanono
aborts da ara marto safrTxes uqmnis dedis sicocxlisa da
janmrTelobas, aramed klavs ganviTarebul embrions. mocemuli
danaSaulisTvis sasjelis erT-erT saxed Tavisuflebis aRkveTa
unda dawesdes.
qmedebisTvis, romelsac Sedegad mohyveba rogorc minimum
daubadebeli sicocxlis mospoba, Tundac muxlis pirvel nawilSi
sruliad araadekvaturia sasjelis saxiT mxolod jarimis,
sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo Sromis an/da gamasworebeli
samuSaos gaTvaliswineba. es metad usamarTlo damokidebulebaa
potenciuri, daubadebeli adamianis mimarT.
aseve aucileblad mimaCnia muxlis pirvelive nawilSi iqnas
gaTvaliswinebuli Tanamdebobis dakavebis an saqmianobis uflebis
CamorTmeva, vinaidan ukanono abortis gamkeTebel eqims ar SeiZleba
garkveuli droiT mainc, ar CamoerTvas saeqimo saqmianobis ufleba.
SemoTavazebuli cvlileba sasjelis gamkacrebis
TvalsazrisiT swored rom droulad mimaCnia, raTa fetusi aRqmul
iqnas ara rogor qromosomebis grova, aramed rogor momavali
adamiani da saxelmwifom da sazogadoebam pasuxismgebloba
igrZnos daubadebeli sicocxlis mimarT.
rac Seexeba Tanamdebobis dakavebis an saqmianobis uflebis
CamorTmevis sakiTxs, mimaCnia, rom Cemi SemoTavazeba misi 133-e
muxlis pirveli nawiliTac gaTvaliswinebis Taobaze,
samarTliania. es cvlileba sazogadoebis interess emsaxureba.
Tuki muxlSi pirdapir ar iqneba gaTvaliswinebuli es zoma,
rogorc ZiriTadi sasjeli, misi gamoyeneba sasamarTloze iqneba
damokidebuli.919 swored amitom, ssk-is 133-e muxlis TiToeul
nawilSi naTlad unda mieTiTos sasjelis es zoma. miaCnia, rom
eqims, romelic Tavisi profesiuli mowodebidan gamomdinare,
sicocxlis sadarajoze unda idges, garkveuli droiT mainc,
aucileblad unda CamoerTvas saeqimo saqmianobis ufleba.
saqarTvelos kanonSi ,,janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb“
kanonmdebelma zustad unda miuTiTos is gamonaklisi SemTxvevebi,
ra drosac SesaZlebeli iqneba, fetusis sicocxlis uflebis
SezRudva, misi ganviTarebis nebismier etapze. aseTad mxolod xuTi
piroba mesaxeba:
1. rodesac aucilebelia orsulobis Sewyveta dedis
sicocxlisa da janmrTelobisTvis realuri da
seriozuli safrTxis Tavidan asacileblad (maT Soris
919
ix. saqarTvelos ssk-is 43-e muxlis me-3 nawili.
271
qalisTvis kibos sawinaaRmdego mkurnalobis
Casatareblad);
2. rodesac arsebobs avadmyofi, fizikuri an fsiqikuri
naklis mqone axalSobilis dabadebis saSiSroeba;
3. nayofis seriozuli embrionaluri defeqtis gamo,
arsebobs samedicino daskvna, rom bavSvi mSobiarobis
procesSi an dabadebidan umokles periodSi daiRupeba;
4. abortis gakeTeba gaupatiurebis msxverplis mimarT,
roca fetusi gaupatiurebis Sedegad Caisaxa da misi
arseboba dedisTvis gadaulaxavi fsiqologiuri
barieri xdeba da safrTxe eqmneba qalis fsiqikur
janmrTelobas; gaupatiurebis faqtis dasabuTebisTvis
sakmarisad unda iqnas miCneuli sisxlissamarTlebrivi
devnis dawyeba da ara sasamarTlos gamamtyunebeli
ganaCeni, vinaidan saqmis warmoeba da ganxilva SeiZleba
did xans gagrZeldes da am droSi SesaZloa an abortis
gakeTeba dagviandes, an bavSvi daibados, an qalma
sakuTar Tavs raime dauSavos. swored amitom sjobs
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebis faqti
gaupatiurebis faqtze sakmarisad CaiTvalos abortis
gasakeTeblad.
5. Tu arsebobs realuri da dasabuTebuli riski, rom
qali orsulobis gamo, TviTmkvlelobas
ganaxorcielebs (msgavsi survili ZiriTadad Zaladobis
msxverpl qalebs uCndebaT).
,,sainteresoa eqvTime mTawmindelis mosazreba. igi ganzrax,
anu nebsiT mkvlelobad miiCnevs orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyvetas.
igi aRniSnavs _ ,,Tu miscemen wamalTa, Cvilis mkvlelTa saSosa
Sina“ mkvlelebi arian, rogorc wamlis mimcemi, ise wamlis mimRebi.
es gamomdinareobs iqidan, rom orive maTgans Segnebuli aqvs, rom
am qmedebas fetusis sikvdili mohyveba“.920
dRevandeli kanonmdeblobiT, rogorc kanonieri, ise ukanono
abortis gakeTebis SemTxvevaSi, ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli dedis
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi. ssk-is 133-e
muxli danaSaulis subieqtad aRiarebs sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis asaks miRweul nebismier Seracxad pirs, maT
Soris samedicino personals, romelic ukanono aborts akeTebs.
e.i. isjeba is, vinc ukanono aborts akeTebs da ar isjeba deda _
vinc ukanono aborts ikeTebs.
aseve saintereso faqtia, rogor gadawyvets kanonmdebeli
,,TviTabortis“ sakiTxs, rodesac qali cdilobs sakuTari xeliT
gaikeTos aborti. am SemTxvevaSi ibadeba kiTxva: ganixileba Tu ara
qali, rogorc danaSaulis subieqti, Tu igi rCeba obieqti. imis
gaTvaliswinebiT, rom ssk-is 133-e muxlis xelyofis obieqtia qalis
janmrTeloba da sicocxle, da ara nayofis sicocxle, qals
ufleba aqvs, Tavad gankargos sakuTari janmrTelobis sakiTxi,
920
272
ufro metic, nebismier adamians, maT Soris orsul qals, sakuTari
sicocxlis gankargvis ufleba aqvs _ TviTmkvlelobis mcdeloba
ar isjeba.
bunebrivia, absurdi iqneba, fetusis sicocxlis dasacavad
kanonma orsul qals TviTmkvleloba aukrZalos, an
TviTmkvlelobis mcdelobisTvis misi sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi dasvas, Tumca es imas ar unda niSnavdes,
rom kanonmdebelma dedas fetusis sicocxlis mimarT SeuzRudavi,
absoluturi Tavisufleba misces.
fetusi dedis sxeulis uuflebo arseba ar aris, Casaxvis
momentidan, igi arsebobs, rogorc daubadebeli adamiani, romelsac
suli gaaCnia. Sesabamisad, SeuZlebelia kanonmdebelma kvlav
gaagrZelos fetusTan dakavSirebuli sisxlissamarTlebrivi
sakiTxebis zerele mowesrigeba.
,,aucilebelia saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobam aRiaros fetusis
sicocxlis ufleba da mianiWos mas samarTliT daculi subieqtis
statusi da ukanono abortisaTvis pasuxismgebloba daekisros ara
mxolod imas, vinc sxvas mouSli mucels ukanonod, aramed orsul
qalsac. rodesac vsaubrobT daubadebeli sicocxlis dacvaze da
sicocxlis uflebis subieqtad Canasaxis aRiarebaze, isic unda
iTqvas, rom SeuZlebelia daubadebeli sicocxlis, rogorc
absoluturi uflebis aRiareba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, yovelgvari
abortis akrZalva gaxdeboda aucilebeli, rac winaaRmdegobaSi
modis dedis sicocxlis uflebasTan“.921
mimaCnia, rom ukanono abortisTvis sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgebloba unda daekisros ara pasuxismgeblobis asaks (14
weli) miRweul, aramed srulwlovan qals. marTalia, kanonmdebelma
ukanono abortze gacilebiT mZime danaSaulisTvisac
pasuxismgeblobis asaki gansazRvra 14 wlidan, Tumca vTvli, rom
14-dan 18 wlamde qali metad pataraa im pasuxismgeblobis
aRsaqmelad, rasac dedoba niSnavs, aseve metad sariskoa misi
mxridan abortis gakeTeba da igi sakuTar janmrTelobas did zians
ayenebs. amasTan, SesaZloa arasrulwlovani sqesobrivi kavSiris
mosalodnel Sedegebs ver acnobierebdes.
,,ar SeiZleba gaziarebuli iqnes sisxlis samarTlis
mecnierebaSi gamoTqmuli mosazreba, rom orsuli qalis
janmrTelobis dacvis mizniT ukanono abortisTvis
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis daweseba ucnauria, maSin
rodesac yovel adamians gaaCnia sakuTari janmrTelobis
gankargvis ufleba, Tu igi ar ewinaaRmdegeba mesame piris
interesebs. janmrTelobis gankargva dauSvebelia maSinac, rodesac
igi ar xelyofs mesame piris interesebs, Tu igi ewinaaRmdegeba
sazogadoebaSi gabatonebul moralur normebs”.922 ukanono abortis
dros, qalis ufleba, gankargos sakuTari janmrTeloba da
921
wigni I, Tb., 2010, 557.
922
iqve, 538-539.
273
sicocxle, ewinaaRmdegeba fetusis interess, mis yvelaze uzenaes
Rirebulebas _ sicocxlis uflebas. garda amisa, ukanono
abortisas Tavad qali araa qmedebis amsrulebeli, qmedebis
amsrulebeli qalis TanxmobiT aris mesame piri (magaliTad, eqimi).
zemoT Tqmulidan gamomdinare, mimaCnia, rom saqarTvelos
ssk-ma cakle muxli unda dauTmos fetusis sicocxlisa da
ganviTarebis winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSauls. es specialuri
muxli mxolod dedas unda Seexos. unda ganxorcieldeს Semdegi
cvlilebebi:
1. unda moxdes fetusis samarTlebrivi statusis aRiareba,
mas ,,daubadebeli adamiani“-s samarTlebrivi statusi
unda mieniWos;
2. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqss unda
daematos muxli, romelic uSualod fetusis
sicocxlisa da ganviTarebis uflebas daicavs.
axali muxlis saTauri unda iyos Semdegnairi _ danaSauli
fetusis sicocxlisa da ganviTarebis winaaRmdeg. misi Sinaarsi ki
unda Camoyalibdes Semdegnairad:
 1. fetusis sicocxlisa da ganviTarebis xelyofa,
Cadenili fetusis matarebeli dedis mier, _
isjeba jarimiT an sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo
SromiT vadiT as saaTamde an gamasworebeli samuSaoTi
vadiT erT wlamde an Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT
eqvsi Tvidan sam wlamde.
 2. igive qmedeba Cadenili am danaSaulisaTvis
msjavrdebulis mier, _
isjeba jarimiT an sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo
SromiT vadiT asidan oras saaTamde an gamasworebeli
samuSaoTi vadiT erTidan or wlamde an Tavisuflebis
aRkveTiT vadiT erTidan xuT wlamde.
danaSaulis sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis uSualo obieqtad
unda gamocxaddes fetusis sicocxle da normaluri ganviTareba,
roca orsulobis xangrZlivoba 6 Tves (24 kvira) aRemateba,
damatebiT obieqtad _ dedis sicocxle da janmrTeloba.
danaSaulis subieqtad unda gamocxaddes deda, srulwlovani,
Seracxadi fetusis matarebeli qali. qmedeba am muxliT unda
dakvalificirdea, Tu is Cadenili iqneba pirdapiri ganzraxviT,
ganxorcielebuli moqmedebiT.
danaSauli damTavrebulad unda CaiTvalos dedis mxridan
fetusis sicocxlis an ganviTarebis xelyofis momentidan (roca
igi orsulobis 6 Tvis mere gaikeTebs ukanono aborts,
ganaxorcielebs TviTaborts an TviTabortis mcdelobis dros,
fetuss daazianebs imgvarad, rom safrTxis qveS dadgeba misi
normaluri ganviTareba).
rac Seexeba dedis pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxs 6 Tveze
adreuli asakis fetusis mimarT ganxorcielebuli ukanono
abortis dros, igi ver daisjeba rogorc ukanono abortSi
Tanamonawile, vinaidan moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT ukanono abortis
sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis obieqtad swored dedis sicocxlesa
274
da janmrTelobas aRiarebs, Sesabamisad, deda ver daisjeba
sakuTari TavisTvis miyenebuli safrTxis an Tundac zianis gamo. 6
Tveze adreuli fetusis abortisTvis dedas verc SemoTavazebuli
axali muxliT davsjiT, vinaidan pasuxismgeblobis safuZveli
swored rom fetusis asaki iqneba, rac 6 Tves warmoadgens, am
pirobis arsebobis gareSe ki dedis pasuxismgebloba dauSvebelia.
eqimisgan gansxvavebiT, romelsac specialuri umaRlesi
ganaTleba aqvs miRebuli da danamdvilebiT icis, rom fetusi
Casaxvis momentidan ukve cocxali arseba da daubadebeli
adamiania, qalTa garkveulma kategoriam ar icis, ras warmoadgens
mis sxeulSi dabudebuli patara arseba, sanam nayofs fizikurad
ar SeigrZnoben da darwmundebian, rom isini mucliT Svils,
adamians atareben. vidre es moxdebodes, bevri maTgani fetuss
Tavkombalad aRiqvams da ara sicocxlis sawyisad, isini fetuss
sakuTari sxeulis nawilad aRiqvamen da miiCneven, rom ,,uformo
arsebis moSoreba“ maT neba-survilzea damokidebuli, Tumca
realurad fetusi Casaxvis momentidanve atarebs adamianis yvela
Tvisebas _ Casaxvidan me-13 dRes igi formas iRebs; mesame kviris
bolos (daaxloebiT 21-e dRe) ki fetusis guli Zgeras iwyebs, am
droisTvis mas ukve gamokveTili aqvs organoebi; Casaxvidan 6
kviris Semdeg, naxevari diumis sigrZis fetuss yvela adamianuri
organo aqvs ganviTarebuli da eleqtroencefaluri xelsawyoebiT
misi tvinis funqcionirebis dadgenaa SesaZlebeli, e.i. am
droisTvis daubadebeli bavSvi azrovnebs, mas aqvs SegrZnebebi; me-7
kviridan ukve nayofi iwyebs moZraobas, xolo me-10 kviridan nayofi
gareSe movlenebzec reagirebs.
eqimisgan gansxvavebiT, qals ver movTxovT, iyos sakmarisad
informirebuli fetusis adamianurobis Taobaze. miuxedavad imisa,
rom yvela qalma icis, rom orsulobas, Tuki igi ar Sewydeba,
Sedegad aucileblad mohyveba adamianis dabadeba, amasTan,
dResdReobiT qalTa didma procentma zustad icis, Tu rogor
viTardeba embrioni, arsebobs qalTa kategoria (mag: Rrma sofelSi
mcxovrebi), romelic ar flobs sakmaris informacias. vinaidan
kanoni erTnairad unda moergos sazogadoebis yvela wevrs, swored
amitom mimaCnia, rom dedis sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba
unda dadges im SemTxvevaSi, roca igi aborts orsulobis 24 kviris
(6 Tvis) miRwevis Semdeg gaikeTebs.
24 kviris orsuli qali embrions ukve SeigrZnobs, misi gulis
Zgera esmis, mis moZraobas grZnobs da danamdvilebiT icis, rom is
namdvilad orsuladaa da mis sxeulSi axali, daubadebeli
adamiani cxovrobs da ara uuflebo Tavkombala, e.i. dedis
pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi unda daisvas im droidan, roca igi
fetuss ukve daubadebel adamianad aRiqvams.
amasTan, mocemul garemoebas obieqturi garemoebac emateba _
6 Tvis fetuss dedis sxeulis gareSe, damoukideblad SeuZlia
sicocxlis gagrZeleba, araerTi SemTxveva yofila imisa, rom
naadrevi mSobiarobis Sedegad, 6 Tvis fetusi dabadebula da mas
gaugrZelebia sicocxle da ganviTarebula ise, rogorc
dasrulebuli orsulobiT Sobili bavSvi. 22 kviris naadrevad
275
dabadebul nayofs gadarCenis Sansi daaxloebiT 9.8 procenti aqvs,
23 kvirisas _ daaxloebiT 53 procenti, xolo 24 kvirisas _
daaxloebiT 67 procenti.923
6 Tvis embrions, Tuki saxeze ar aris raime paTologia an
gansakuTrebuli sisuste, ZaluZs, dedis gareSe, medikosTa
daxmarebiT, sicocxle gaagrZelos, Sesabamisad, dedis mxridan 6
Tvis embrionis sicocxlis mospoba, ar SeiZleba Sefasdes rogorc
dedis mier mxolod sakuTari sicocxlisa da janmrTelobisTvis
safrTxis Seqmna, rac kanoniT ar isjeba.
bavSvi samarTlis subieqtad im momentidan iTvleba, roca igi
dedis saSodan gamoyofas iwyebs, rac sruliad marTebulia,
vinaidan fetusi, miuxedavad imisa, rom daubadebeli adamiania, ar
SeiZleba uflebrivad dabadebul adamians gauTanabrdes, igi
sazogadoebrivi urTierTobis subieqti mxolod dabadebis Semdeg
xdeba.
swored amitom mimaCnia, rom ssk-Si axali muxli _
,,danaSauli fetusis sicocxlisa da ganviTarebis winaaRmdeg“ ar
unda moTavsdes sicocxlis winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaulTa
TavSi, vinaidan aRniSnul TavSi mocemul danaSaulTa
sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis obieqti ukve dabadebuli adamianis
sicocxlea. mimaCnia, rom mocemuli muxlis adgili mosaxleobis
janmrTelobisa da sazogadoebrivi zneobis winaaRmdeg mimarTul
danaSaulTa TavSia, vinaidan zneoba zogadadamianuri fenomenia da
axlos aris religiasTan.
saqarTveloSi abortebis didi wili socialuri maCvenebliT
aris ganpirobebuli, vinaidan dedas, romelsac SesaZloa ukve
ramdenime Svili hyavdes, obieqturad ar ZaluZs kidev erTi Svilis
yola, misi kveba da uzrunvelyofa. bevri qali swored am motiviT
ambobs uars Svilze da abortis gakeTebis gadawyvetilelas iRebs.
aseT mdgomareobaSi fetusis gadarCenis yvelaze realuri gza misi
gaCenaa im mizniT, rom moxdes misi gaSvileba.
arsebuli kanoni, romelic qals aZlevs abortis uflebas
miuxedavad orsulobis xangrZliobisa, metad mankieria.
usaxsroba metad ususuri argumentia axalia sicocxlis mokvlis
gasamarTleblad. swored amitom aris aucilebeli ukanono
abortis kriminalizacia orsulobis nebismier stadiaze da
fetusis sakanonmdeblo dacva TviT dedisgan, raTa dedas kanonma
ar misces fetusis mokvdinebis SesaZlebloba da man problemis
gadaWris sxva saSualeba ipovnos.
fetusis sicocxlisa da normaluri ganviTarebis winaaRmdeg
mimarTuli danaSaulis kriminalizaciis paralelurad,
aucileblad mimaCnia, saxelmwifom garkveuli pasuxismgebloba
aiRos da Seqmnas specialuri struqturuli erTeuli, romelic
xelmokle dedebs daexmareba. daxmarebaSi moiazreba xelmokle
orsulTa aRricxva, maTi daxmarebis programaSi CarTva, Cvili
bavSvis Svilad ayvanis msurveli moqalaqis (ar arsi aucilebeli
923
ix. How Soon Can a Baby Survive Outside the Womb?,
www.ehow.com/about_6167934_soon-baby-survive-outside-womb_.html, 09.07.2011.
276
wyvilis) moZieba, orsulobis mTeli periodis ganmavlobaSi dedaze
zrunva, orsulobis finansuri uzrunvelyofa, mSobiarobisa da
mSobiarobis Semdgomi periodis dafinanseba da saWiroebis
SemTxvevaSi, gaCenili bavSvis winaswar SerCeul pirze gaSvileba.
vTvli, rom bevri dedisTvis, romelsac Tavad ar aqvs Svilis
rCenis SesaZlebloba, bavSvis gaCena da gaSvileba gacilebiT
advili iqneba, vidre fetusis mokvla da misTvis amqveynad
movlinebis uflebis warTmeva. saxelmwifos mxridan msgavsi
programis ganxorcieleba saabortod ganwirul uamrav fetuss
gadaarCens, xels Seuwyobs rogorc abortebis ricxvis Semcirebas,
ise qveynis demografdiuli suraTis gaumjobesebas da rac
mTavaria, bevr qals ixsnis umZimesi codviT cxovrebisgan, aseve
sakuTari janmrTelobisaTvis safrTxis Seqmnisagan.
Tavi 9. fetusis sicocxlis uflebis dacvis moralur-

zneobrivi da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebi
9.1. sasuliero pirTa Sexeduleba fetusis sicocxlis

uflebaze
mTeli rigi kanonebi da saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebi icaven Canasaxs,

rogorc samarTlis subieqtis uflebebs da uflebaTa Soris
upirveles _ sicocxlis uflebas, xolo meore mxriv, sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsi uSvebs Canasaxis xelovnur mocilebas, e.i.
nayofis mkvlelobas, anu aborts. dasjadia mxolod e.w. ,,ukanono
aborti“ da mocეmul SemTxvevaSi samarTlebrivi dacvis obieqti
aris ara fetusi (momavali adamiani), aramed dedis sicocxle da
janmrTeloba.924 albaT swored amitom acxadeben sasuliero
pirebi Semdegs: ,,saSinelia araTu mkvleloba, rogorc aseTi,
aramed is, rom es Cveulebriv ambad iqca, rasac yvelani
mieCvivnen.”925 am mxriv, sainteresoa medikosTa poziciac.
saqarTveloSi aris ginekologTa kategoria, romelic fetusis 3
Tvemde miRwevamde mSoblebs mis sqess ar umxels im mizeziT, rom
fetusis arasasurveli sqesi abortis gakeTebis safuZveli ar
gaxdes. arian iseTi medikosebic, romlebmac yvelanairi abortis
gakeTebaze თqves uari. erT-erTi maTgania ginekologiuri klinika
,,Gynamed”-is direqtori _ arCil Tedeluri, romelmac sakuTari
pozicia Riad daafiqsira: ,,me arasdros gamikeTebia aranairi saxis
aborti da arc arasodes gavakeTeb aranair fasad, vinaidan
924
ix abortis kriminalizaciis Sesaxeb,
925
mRvdeli aleqsandre zaxarovi, aborti _ eris ganadgurebis gza,
www.orthodoxy.ge/tsodva_satnoeba/zakharovi_aborti.htm, 02.06.2012.
277
mimaCnia, rom es daubadebeli bavSvis pirdapiri mkvlelobaa da
Sesabamisad, araeTikuria”.926
,,religiis gadmosaxedidan sainteresoa ara marto sicocxlis
dasawyisis dadgena, aramed isic, Tu rogori damokidebuleba aqvT
sasuliero pirebs fetusis mokvdinebasa da mis pirovnulobasTan:
,,wminda aTenagora aTeneli 177 wels werda: ,,ratom miviCnevT
muclis moSlas mkvlelobad? imitom, rom nayofi ar ekuTvnis mas,
vis saSoSicaa, is Seqmnili arsebaa da, maSasadame, RvTis zrunvis
sagania, mas ki klaven.” am sityvebidan calsaxad ikveTeba is
garemoeba, rom religiuri gadmosaxedidan Canasaxi aris adamiani,
radganac is ar ekuTvnis imas, vis wiaRSic imyofeba. ,,romeli
saSosa dedisasa miicvala da ara movida am qveynad, hasakiTa
srulqmnis mas umal (msajuli), odes moaqvs cxovrebad mkvdarTa
(sayovelTao aRdgomis Jams)... da romelTa aq ver ixiles erTurTi
– imqveynad ixilvian, da deda scnobs, rom ese ars Ze Tvisi da
Svilica agrZnobs, rom igia deda misi...“927
,,basili didis mosazrebiT, Casaxuli nayofis ganzrax
mokvdinebisaTvis adamiani imsaxurebs iseTsave sasjels, rogorsac
mkvlelobisaTvis. amas emateba ,,didaqes” wignSi arsebuli wesi: ,,ar
moamzado jadoqruli wamlebi, nu moaSTob Cvils (abortiT) da nu
moklav dabadebuls“. igive azria gatarebuli barnabas
epistoleSic: “nu moklav Cvils mucelSi da nurc
axaldabadebuls“.928
,,ufalma jer kidev samoTxeSi misca adamianebs mcneba:
,,inayofiereT da imravleT”, ,,dedakaci... cxondebis
SvilTasxmisagan, ukueTu egnen sarwmunoebiT da siyuaruliT da
siwmindiT Rirsebasa zeda”.929
mitropoliti anton suroJeli miiCnevs, rom ,,Casaxvis
momentSive bavSvis Canasaxi ukve adamiania da misi ganadgureba
adamianis mkvlelobaa _ mas unda mivudgeT seriozulad. am
viTarebaSi araviTari patieba ar arsebobs. aborti an adamianebis
aRviraxsnilobis Sedegia, romlebic araviTar zomebs ar
mimarTaven, raTa bavSvi ar Caisaxos, an metyvelebs adamianis
sicocxlis mimarT srul ugrZnoblobaze. eklesiis TvalTaxedviT,
saxarebis TvalTaxedviT, an ubralod saRad moazrovne
kacobriobis TvalTaxedviT, es danaSaulia“. 930
,,mRvdel aleqsandre zaxarovis SexedulebiT, ,,adamianebi,
romlebic hklaven bavSvebs sakuTari sxeulis wiaRSi, hgvanan
herodes, romelmac Sehmusra 14 aTasi yrma, raTa aravis SesZleboda
misTvis xelis SeSla cxovrebaSi. isini herodeze uaresni arian,
926
www.finchanel.com/Main_News/Geo/76849_Georgia_has_highest_abotion_rates_in_the_World/
written on 06.12.2010, 15.05.2011.
927
efrem asuri, SiSisaTvis RvTisa da ukanaskneli samsjavrosaTvis,
www.orthodoxy.ge/skhva/aborti/ 18.08.2010.
928iqve,
www.orthodoxy.ge/skhva/aborti/ 18.08.2010.
929
TaraSvili n., eri isjeba abortis codvebis gamo, gazeTi sapatriarqos
uwyebani #24, 2003, 232.
930
mitropoliti anton suroJeli, siyvarulis saidumlo, Tb., 2000, 55.
278
radgan es yrmebi, yovel SemTxvevaSi, misi sakuTari Svilebi mainc
ar yofilan“.931 ,,klimenti aleqsandrieli ki aborts ,,Semoqmedis
mier Cafiqrebuli gegmis xelyofas” uwodebda“.932
,,mRvdel aleqsandre zaraxovis mosazrebiTa da saeklesio
SexedulebiT: „adamianis cxovreba arc dabadebiT iwyeba da arc
sikvdiliT mTavrdeba. am ori TariRiT moisazreba mxolod
adamianis cxovrebis etapi. am etaps win uswrebs dediseul
organizmSi arseboba mucladyofnis Jams, xolo mosdevs –
imqveyniuri cxovreba“.933
,,aborti marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis mixedviT,
ganixileba erT-erT umZimes codvad. didi sjulis kanonSi
miTiTebulia, rom abortis gamkeTebeli dedakacni unda
gankanondnen (e.i. daisajon) ,,kanoniTa kacismkvlelTaiTa“. 934
,,eklesia Casaxul bavSvs aRiqvams Cveulebriv adamianad, romelsac
aqvs suli, boZebuli RvTisagan da aris cocxali arseba“.935
aRsaniSnavia, rom bavSvs suli eZleva CasaxvisTanave, rasac
mowmobs wminda werili, amis magaliTad SeiZleba davasaxeloT is,
rom bibliaSi moxsenebul mamamTavrebs, winaswarmetyvelebsa da
sxva wmindanebs saxeli CasaxvisTanve eZleodaT, rogorc
wmindanebs. miuxedavad imisa, rom bibliaSi sityva aborti da misi
sinonimebi ar moipoveba, wminda werilis teqstis gaanalizebis
safuZvelze SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom RvTisTvis adamiani arsebobs
ara dabadebis, aramed Casaxvis momentidan. amas mowmobs Tundac
ieremia winaswarmetyvelis sityvebi: ,,... ufalma muclidan momiwoda,
dedis wiaRidan axsena Cemi saxeli... axla ambobs ufali,
muclidanve Cemi gamomsaxveli Tavis morCilad...“936
axal aRTqmaSi aRwerilia RvTismSoblisa da elisabedis
Sexvedra, am dros RvTismSobelze suli wmida ukve gadmosuli iyo
da igi mucliT iesos atarebda, elisabedi ki ioane
naTlismcemelze iyo orsulad. zaqarias saxlSi Sesuli
RvTismSobeli elisabeds miesalma, ,,rogorc ki elisabedma
mariamis misalmeba moismina, yrma SeuTamaSda mucelSi“.937 axali
aRTqmis es nawilic naTlad mowmobs muclad myofi nayofis
sulierebas da adamianurobas. swored amitom SeuZlebelia
marTlmadidebluri eklesia abortis mimarT iyos Semwynarebeli.
dedis wiaRSi myofi Canasaxi cocxali adamiania, cocxali
arsebaa. es aris is erT-erTi sakiTxi, razec Tanxmdeba eklesiac da
931
932
iqve,
933
iqve,
934
935
iqve,
936
937
axali aRTqma, lukas saxareba, Tavi I, adidebs suli Cemi ufalsa.
279
mecnierebac, oRond im gansxvavebiT, rom eklesia mas Tavidanve
adamianad miiCnevs da ara potenciur adamianad, amitom Casaxvidan
icavs da yovelTvis icavda, fetusis sicocxles, xolo mecniereba
mas dedis sxeulSi arsebul sulier arsebad, Tumca mainc dedis
sxeulis nawilad acxadebs. dacvis garantiebze gadasvlamde
upriania moxmobil iqnes wminda grigol noselis Semdegi sityvebi:
„usicocxlo da usulo sagnebs ar gaaCniaT moZraobisa da zrdis
Zala, magram aravin uaryofs, arc aravin eWvobs, rom dedis saSoSi
kvebili arseba, jer arSobili yrma, izrdeba da moZraobs
sivrceSi. ase rom, gamosavali erTia: unda vaRiaroT, rom adamianis
sulsa da xorcs erTi da erTdrouli dasabami aqvs.“938 avtori ver
xedavs gansxvavebas dabadebulis sicocxlis mospobasa da
dabadebisaTvis xelis SeSlas Soris. rogorc igi miiCnevs,
dabadebis akrZalva swrafi mkvlelobaa mxolod.
amasTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa aseve parizis
universitetis profesoris, ujredis genetikis specialist Jerom
leJenis mosazreba, risi gacnobis Semdegac cxadi xdeba religiisa
da mecnierebis SexedulebaTa Tanxvedra sicocxlis sawyisTan
dakavSirebiT: „adamianuri arseba sicocxles iwyebs ganayofierebis
momentidan. am wuTidan is srulyofili da unikaluria. es ki imas
niSnavs, rom nebismieri asakis Canasaxis ganadgureba adamianis
mkvlelobis tolfasia.“939
,,amdenad, yvela Cvenganis wmidaTa wmida movaleobaa
gavagebinoT sazogadoebis jer kidev urwmuno nawils, rom
sicocxle, samyaro Seqmnilia yovladkeTili, yovladZlieri da
yovladbrZeni Semoqmedis – RmerTis mier, adamiani RvTis xatadaa
Seqmnili da araa primatebidan warmoqmnili. pirvel rigSi, es exeba
mSoblebs – mSoblebo, mkafiod STaunergeT Tqvens Svilebs
WeSmariteba, Tu marTlac giyvarT isini da gsurT, ixiloT
namdvilad bednierni“940 _ acxadeben sasuliero pirebi da am mZime
codvisgan xsnis gzas isev da isev eklesiis wiaRSi, codvebis
monaniebasa da axlis arCadenaSi xedaven.
,,codviT gaukuRmarTebuli adamianebi xSirad eZebdnen
sxvadasxva saSualebebs, rom Tavisi codvebi an daefaraT, an
gaemarTlebinaT. amis ganxorcielebisaTvis erT-erT saSualebas
warmoadgenda (da warmoadgens) lamazi sityvebiT SeniRbva codvisa,
raTa igi kacTagan moinaTlos „maRal civilizebulobad“,
„ganviTarebis maRal safexurad“ da a.S. ase magaliTad, siZvisa da
mruSebis umZimesi codva „Tavisufali azrovnebis“ erT-erT
gamovlinebad iTvleba, sodomur codvebi „sqesobriv
Tavisuflebad“, imdenad, rom homoseqsualur qorwinebas zogierTi
e.w. „eklesiebi“ akurTxeben kidevac, rogorc ganviTarebis erT-erT
gamorCeul niSans. fizikurad dauZlurebuli adamianis mkvlelobas
938
dvaliSvili n., statia, sulsa da mkvdreTiT aRdgomaze,
www.orthodoxy.ge/skhva/aborti, 18.08.2010.
939
mecniereba abortis Sesaxeb,
www.orthodoxy.ge/skhva/aborti/gazetimrevli, 18.08.2010.
940
280
„mSvenieri sikvdili“, anu evTanazia uwodes da araerT
saxelmwifoSi daakanones kidevac, xolo ususuri, umweo bavSvis
mkvlelobis sazarel codvas sruliad uwyinari saxeli „aborti“
hqvia da samwuxarod dakanonebulia msoflios mraval qveyanaSi.
esaa arnaxuli masStabis brZola sakuTari Svilebis, momavali
Taobis winaaRmdeg. amitom, TavisTavad cxadia, rom qristes wmida
eklesia arasdros ar Seiwynarebs bavSvis mkvlelobas. es codva
xom zecas SeRaRadebs Tavisi simZimiT”,941 _ aseTia eklesiis
Seuvali pozicia fetusis mokvdinebasTan dakavSirebiT.
bolo wlebSi saqarTvelos patriarqma erT-erT umTavres
miznad qveynis gamravleba da abortebis ricxvis Semcireba daisaxa,
rasac emsaxureba kidec mis mier bolo wlebSi Catarebul
masobrivi naTlobebi. sakuTari Tavis naTliad SeTavazebiT,
uwmindesma qarTuli ojaxebi waaxalisa da stimuli misca, gaaCinon
mesame Svili, romelsac Tavad monaTlavs. amiT patriarqma
saabortod ganwiruli bevri mesame Svilis sicocxle ixsna.
,,qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiis pozicias abortTan
dakavSirebiT kargad gamoxatavs RvTisSoblis taZrad miyvanebis
taZris winamZRvari, dekanozi miqael botkoveli: ... ,,is, rac Cven
Tvalwin, Cveni danaSaulebrivi dumilisa da auRelveblobis gamo
xdeba, iseTive saSinelebaa, rogoric beTlemSi ucodvel yrmaTa
mowyveda. uaresic: iq dedebi mkerdiT efarebodnen Cvilebs, dRes ki
amazrzeni simSvidiT eTaTbirebian da sazRaursac ki aZleven maTi
Svilebis mkvlels. dedis wiaRSi mokluli arsebis ganadgureba
naTlobis madliT ganubaneli sulis mkvlelobaa: aseTi suli
brmasaviT gadadis maradisobaSi da Tan winaparTa codvebis beWedi
miaqvs~.942
,,yvela adamians aqvs ufleba, sakuTari Sexedulebisamebs
gankargos sakuTari janmrTeloba“.943 ukanono abortis
gakeTebisTvis isjeba mxolod abortis gamkeTebeli eqimi, xolo
qali dausjeli rCeba, vinaidan kanoni ver dasjis pirs
TviTdazianebis miyenebis dros. yvela adamians dausjelad SeuZlia
ziani miayenos sakuTar Tavs da TviTmkvlelobiTac ki daasrulos
sicocxle. swored zemoT aRniSnulidan ikveTeba, rom kanoni icavs
ara fetuss, aramed orsuli qalis janmrTelobasa da sicocxles.
kanonisTvis dedis janmrTelobisa da sicocxlis gverdiT, fetusis
sicocxlec prioriteti rom yofiliyo, igi nebismier pirs
dasjida, romelic fetuss safrTxes Seuqmnida, realurad ki, deda
ar isjeba.
aRniSnuli samarTlis poziciaa. Tumca is, rac samarTlis
mier danaSaulad ar aris aRiarebuli, qristianuli religiis mier
mkacrad aris gakicxuli. marTlmadidebloba abortis gamkeTebel
eqimsac da dedasac fetusis mkvlelebad miiCnevs, Tumca fetusi am
SemTxvevaSi adamianad aris aRqmuli, romelic imqveynad
941
942
mamulaSvili b., bioeTika, gamomc. universali, Tb., 2007, 278-279.
943
Виталий Панкратов, уголовное право, Проблемы установления уголовной ответственности за
незаконное производство аборта, 2001, 40.
281
mounaTlavi midis. ,,saeklesio kanonebi arsebas adamianisas
yovelTvis icavdnen jer kidev dediseul organizmSi”.944
marTlmadidebluri swavleba gvamcnobs: ,,codvebSi aris
sasikvdilo codvanic. mas miekuTvneba muclis moSla. es igive
kacis kvlaa, radgan adamianis Canasaxi dedis mucelSive iRebs
suls da misi mokvla zrdasruli adamianis sikvdilis tolfasia.
xom isjeba mkvleli? xom agdeben mas sapyrobileSi? zogjer ki
sikvdiliTac isjebian. hoda, Tu mkvlelobisaTvis adamianebi aseT
sastik sasjels iTxoven, maSin raRa gasakviria, RmerTmac rom
saSineli samsjavro ganumzados maT, miT umetes, Tu es codvebi ar
mounaniebiaT?! samsjavros dRes yvela mokluli Canasaxi
gamoecxadeba dedas da pasuxs moTxovs”. 945 mama paisi mTawmindeli
aRniSnavs _ ,,aborti _ es saSineli codvaa! aborti mkvlelobaa da
Tanac _ gansakuTrebulad mZime mkvleloba, ramdenadac mounaTlav
bavSvebs xocaven. mSoblebma unda gaacnobieron, rom adamianis
cxovreba misi Casaxvis wuTidan iwyeba”.946 mRvdeli aleqsandre
zaxarovi ambobs: ,,qalebi am codvas sCadian ise, rom „ar uwyian, Tu
ras iqman“. isini miiCneven: vidre bavSvi ar dabadebula, igi jer
kidev ar aris adamiani, am sityvis sruli gagebiT, aramed mxolod
nawilia maTi sxeulisa, xolo Tavis organizms ki yvelas SeuZlia
moeqces ise, rogorc moeprianeba. aseTi qalbatonebi abortis
gasakeTeblad iseve iolad mibrZandebian, TiTqos kbilis
amosaRebad an tonzileqtomiisaTvis midiodnen. magram es gaxlavT
tragikuli Secdoma, rac adre Tu gvian maTTvis xdeba
sacnaursayofi da Cadenili danaSaulis gacnobierebiT mTeli
cxovrebac wamebad eqcevaT!”947 mama ioane krestiankini wers:
,,mkvleloba saSineli danaSaulia. sxvisi sicocxlis xelmyofi
scodavs ara marto adamianis, aramed RvTis winaSec, radgan Cven
ara gvaqvs ufleba, RvTis mier moniWebuli sicocxle movuspoT
kacs. ... mkvlelobis gansakuTrebuli saxea aborti. am dros TviT
deda xdeba mkvleli sakuTari Svilisa. samwuxarod, bevrni ver
grZnoben danaSauls, arada amisTvis mkacrad daisjebian. ra Tqma
unda, daisjeba isic, vinc aborts akeTebs”.948
aRniSnuli sakiTxis mimarT, sazogadoebis midgomac
SemaSfoTebelia. is Zalzed bunebrivad Tvlis dedis uflebas
abortze da ar aprotestebs daubadebeli adamianis sastik
mkvlelobas. sazogadoebam da maT Soris im qalTa umravlesobam,
romelic aborts ikeTebs, zustad ar icis, rogor keTdeba aborti.
realurad abortis suraTi aseTia _ samedicino instrumenti Sedis
saSoSi, gadadis saSvilosnoSi, nayofs anawevrebs ramdenime
944
945
apologetika _ CvenTan ars RmerTi,
www.orthodoxy.ge/apologetika/chventan_ars_gmerti3.htm, 02.06.2012.
946
mama paisi mTawmindeli, abortis saSineli codva,
www.orthodoxy.ge/tserilebi/paisi/4-2-1.htm, 02.06.2012.
947
948
mama ioane krestiankini, rogor unda vTqvaT aRsareba 10 mcnebis mixedviT,
www.orthodoxy.ge/sakhli/10mtsneba.htm, 02.06.2012.
282
nawilad da am nawilebs saTiTaod gamodevnis saSodan. yvela es
procedura ukve dabadebul bavSvze rom warmovidginoT, amazrzebi
suraTi gamova.
mocemul sakiTxze sasuliero pirTa pozicia Semdegnairia _
,,qals ufleba aqvs TviTon gansazRvros, surs Tu ara bavSvi.
qristian adamians unda surdes is, rac surs RmerTs. amas ewodeba
sinergia, anu RvTisa da adamianis nebis urTierTTanxvedra. Tumca
dRevandel pirobebSi, roca rwmena saerTod dacemulia mTels
msoflioSi, SeiZleba davuSvaT, rom qalma marTlac gansazRvros
surs Tu ara mas Svili, magram es unda xdebodes bavSvis Casaxavmde
da arafriT Casaxvis Semdeg. embrioni ukve warmoadgens cocxal
adamians da misi moSoreba niSnavs sicocxlis ganzrax mospobas,
anu mkvlelobas. cxadia, qals aqvs Tavisi uflebebi, magram
bavSvsac xom aqvs uflebebi? iseT SemTxvevaSi, roca xdeba
uflebaTa Sepirispireba, anu SeuZlebelia erTi pirovnebis
uflebis ganxorcieleba meoris uflebis SezRudvis gareSe, aseT
dros upiratesoba unda mieniWos ufro aRmatebul uflebas,
samarTlianobis principis gaTvaliswiebiT. adamians ufleba aqvs,
ar moswondes sxva adamiani, magram xom ar SeiZleba rom am
safuZvliT moklas igi? isevea aqac: qalma imitom, rom Svili im
konkretuli momentisTvis ar surs, radgan mas uamravi piradi saqme
aqvs, an xeli SeeSleba pirveli Svilis gazrdaSi, an sxva aseTi
ubralo mizeziT, SeiZleba sicocxle mouswrafos mas?
samarTlianobis TeoriiT dauSvebelia mkvleloba TviT iseT
SemTxvevaSic ki, roca sakiTxi qalis janmrTelobas exeba, vinaidan
ar SeiZleba erTi pirovnebis bednierebis ageba meoris
ubedurebaze. qals SeiZleba uWirdes materialurad da ar SeeZlos
momavali Svilis ekonomikurad uzrunvelyofa sruliad usafuZvlo
argumentia. amave logikiT, im SemTxvevaSi Tu qals, romelsac
sakmarisi finansuri SesaZleblobebi gaaCnda, gauWirdeba
materialurad, ufleba aqvs moklas romelime Svili, raTa sxvebs
saarsebo pirobebi Seuqmnas“.949
saqarTvelos eklesia aborts SvilTa kvlad aRiqvams da
kanonmdeblis danaSauls xedavs imaSi, rom fetuss adamianis
statusi ar aqvs miniWebuli. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis 108-e muxliT mkvleloba gamocxadebulia danaSaulad,
Tumca sakuTriv normis dispoziciaSi araa ganmartebuli, Tu ra
aris mkvleloba, an rodis iwyeba, an mTavrdeba adaminis sicocxle.
Tumca, rogorc komentatorebi da sisxlis samarTlis
specialistebi miuTiTeben, adamianis sicocxle iwyeba im
momentidan, roca bavSvi gamoyofas iwyebs dedis sxeulidan, anu
mSobiarobis dawyebis momenti, amgvarad Canasaxis mospoba
aranairad ar aris danaSauli. sruliad gaugebaria, Tu ris
safuZvelze gakeTda daaskvna, rom adamianis sicocxle iwyeba
dabadebis momentidan? yvelaferi es Sedegia im aTeisturi
ideologiisa da propagandisa, rac midioda sabWoTa kavSirsa Tu
sxva qveynebSi, romelic miznad isaxavda „pirovnebis Tavisuflebis
949
283
droSiT“ adamianebi codvebisa da uzneobis morevSi CaeTria, sadac
sulerTi iqneboda RvTis sityva da mcnebebi. bunebrivia, rom
revoluciaTa gariJraJze aseT propagandas marTlac uRvTo
adamianebi eweodnen, xolo droTa ganmavlobaSi, rac Zalian
samwuxaroa, aseT ideebamde pirovnulad keTili adamianebic ki
mividnen, romlebic ukve veRar acnobierebdnen maT mcdar nabijs,
radganac moklebuli iyvnen deda eklesiis madls da RvTis
macxonebel sityvas.950
,,marTlmadideblobasTan SedarebiT soliduria abortis
eTikuri problemebis ganxilvis tradicia kaTolicizmSi.
kaTolikuri eklesiis poziciis damaxasiaTebel gansxvavebas
warmoadgens oficialuri dokumentebis arseboba samedicino eTikis
sakiTxebis Sesaxeb. am dokumentTagan umniSvnelovanesia romis
papis pavle VI-is enciklika ,,umanae vitae” (1970w.), romelic
adamianis reproduqciaSi samedicino Carevas ganixilavs“.951 masSi
naTqvamia _ sicocxlis gaCenis movaleoba meuRleebisTvis
yovelTvis iyo udidesi sixarulis wyaro, rasac zogjer Tan
sdevda aranaklebi siZneleebi da mwuxareba. mosaxleobis swrafi
zrdisa da mecnierebis miRwevaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, saxelmwifo
xelisuflebaTa winaSe didi cduneba warmoiSoba _ am safrTxes
daupirispiros Sobadobis kontrolis radikaluri zomebi, maT
Soris abortic.952
,,1994 wels romis papis samociqulo sabWos iniciativiT
Seiqmna `jandacvis muSakTa qartia~, sadac naTqvamia: ,,garkveul
SemTxvevebSi abortiT ziani miadgeba mniSvnelovan sikeTeebs,
romlebic unda davicvaT. es SemTxvevebi dakavSirebulia dedis
janmrTelobasTan, kidev erTi Svilis yolis simZimesTan, mZime
fatalur avTvisebian warmonaqmnebTan, orsulobasTan, romelic
seqsualurma Zaladobam gamoiwvia~. amasTanave, am dokumentSi
dasturdeba enciklikaSi mocemuli pozicia: arc erT CamoTvlil
mizezs ar ZaluZs obieqturad warmoadginos sxvisi sicocxlis
gamgeblobis ufleba, Tundac dawyebiT stadiaSi~. `qartia~
amarTlebs mxolod xelovnur aborts, rogorc gverdiTi movlenis
Sedegs orsuli qalisaTvis mkacrad gankuTvnili samedicino
Carevisas: `roca aborti tardeba rogorc navaraudevi, magram
arawinaswardagegmili da arasasurveli, aramed mxolod rogorc
ucilobeli Terapiuli aqtis dasaSvebi Sedegi dedis
janmrTelobis gamo, es moralurad kanonierad iTvleba~.953
kaTolikuri eklesia mxolod mSobiarobebs Soris Sualedis
regulirebis uflebas aRiarebs, isic mxolod amisaTvis
seriozuli mizezebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi _ ,,Tuki arsebobs
bavSvebis gaCenas Soris Sualedebis regulirebis seriozuli
mizezebi, `meuRleebisaTvis dasaSvebia gamoiyenon bunebrivi
unayofo periodebi~, sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, meuRleebs neba
950
951
952
ix. iqve, 281.
953
iqve, 282-283.
284
eZlevaT gamoiyenon kontracefciis mxolod `kalendaruli~ da
`riTmuli~ meTodebi”.954
,,meSvide dRis adventistebis eklesiam (protestantobis erT-
erTi mimdinareoba) 1990 wels gamoaqveyna `gancxadeba _ konsensusi~
abortis Sesaxeb _ `qristianuli Sexeduleba adamianis
sicocxleze~, romelSic gamoxatulia kompromisuli pozicia
abortis mimarT, romelic asaxavs, erTi mxriv, qristianTa
pasuxismgeblobas adamianis sicocxlis dasacavad mSobiarobamdel
stadiaze, meore mxriv, ki qalTa piradi Tavisuflebis
uzrunvelyofis aucileblobas. adamianis sicocxle mSobiarobis
wina stadiaze udidesi RvTis wyalobaa. Tumca gadawyvetileba,
romelic sicocxlis Sewyvetas exeba, miRebul unda iqnes
znedacemuli samyaros konteqstSi àborti _ esa Cveni codvis
erTerTi tragikuli dilema... ar SegviZlia Serigeba abortebTan,
romlebic keTildReobis gamo an Sobadobaze kontrolis mizniT
tardeba. Tumca vaRiarebT, rom arsebobs gansakuTrebuli
garemoebani, romelTa dros aborti SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes
alternativis saxiT. aseT garemoebaTa Soris SeiZleba iyos
Semdegi: Tu orsuli qalis sicocxles an mis fizikur da gonebriv
janmrTelobas seriozuli safrTxe emuqreba, Tu nayofi seriouli
Tandayolili defeqtis mqonea, Tu fexmZimoba gaupatiurebis an
incestis Sedegia. saboloo gadawyvetilebas abortis Sesaxeb qali
iRebs.
,,metad saintereso da marTlmadidebluri eklesiisagan
gansxvavebuli midgoma aqvs muslimanur samarTals orsulobis
Sewyvetis anu abortis dasjadobis mimarT. SariaTi, iseve rogorc
marTlmadidebluri eklesia, sicocxles icavs Casaxvis momentidan
da dasjadad acxadebs daubadebeli sicocxlis winaaRmdeg
mimarTul qmedebas, magram marTlmadidebluri eklesiisagan
gansxvavebiT muclis moSlis dasjadobis dros iTvaliswinebs imas,
ganviTarebis ra etapze iyo nayofi. magaliTad, orsuli qalisTvis
muclis moSla isjeba naklebad mkacrad, Tu Canasaxs jer kidev ar
mouRia adamianuri saxe, xolo Tu Canasaxma miiRo adamianuri saxe,
damnaSave mkacrad isjeba”.955
,,SariaTi aRiarebs sqesobriv uTanasworobas, maT Soris
dedis mucelSic da orsuli qalisTvis muclis moSlis gamo
awesebs gansxvavebul sasjels nayofis sqesis mixedviT: magaliTad,
Tu mowyvetili bavSvi biWia da ganviTarebis im stadiazea, rom
adamianuri saxe aqvs da sunTqavs, damnaSave mkacrad isjeba, xolo,
Tu nayofi gogoa, SedarebiT ufro msubuqad”.956
,,marTlmadidebluri eklesiis msgavsad muslimanuri
samarTlis mixedviTac, muclis moSlisTvis pasuxismgebloba
ekisreba Tavad qalsac, romelsac muceli sakuTari qmedebis gamo
moeSala. aRniSnul SemTxvevaSi muslimanuri samarTlis mixedviT,
954
955
wigni I, Tb., 2010, 533.
956
iqve, 533.
285
qals ekisreba fuladi saxdelis gadaxda bavSvis mamisTvis an
babuisTvis. orsuli qalis mkvlelobisas damnaSaves ekisreba
ormagi sasjeli: rogorc orsuli qalis, ise nayofis
xelyofisTvis”.957
`samedicino eTikis islamur kodeqsSi~, naTqvamia: àdamianis
sicocxlis siwminde yovladZlieria yvela mis stadiaSi,
dawyebuli embrionidan da nayofidan. daubadebeli bavSvis
sicocxle unda gadavarCinoT, absoluturi samedicino
aucileblobis SemTxvevebis garda, rac islamuri kanoniTaa
aRiarebuli. abortis gadaWris Tanamedrove tendenciebs islami ar
aRiarebs. islami nayofs aniWebs garkveul uflebebs. magaliTad,
memkvidreobis uflebas. Tu orsul qals sasikvdilo ganaCeni aqvs
gamotanili, ganaCenis sisruleSi moyvana xdeba mas Semdeg, rac igi
gaaCens da movliT moarCens sakuTar Svils~. erT-erTi musulmani
avtori, fakxer ben xamita, ase wyvets sakiTxs embrionis bunebisa
da statusis Sesaxeb: `ramdenadac, yuranis mixedviT, ganqorwinebul
qals ar SeuZlia xelmeored gaTxoveba ganqorwinebidan 90 dReze
adre, daqvrivebuls ki _ ara uadres 130 dRisa, arapirdapir es
niSnavs, rom swored 90-dan 130 dRemde vadaSi Canasaxi iRebs
adamianis formas~. igive avtori Tvlis, rom nayofis genetikuri
anomaliebis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi, orive meuRlis
nebayoflobiTi Tanxmobis pirobebSi orsulobis mecxre an meaTe
kviras orsulobis Sewyvetis sakiTxis ganxilva dasaSvebia”.958
,,budizmis Tanaxmad, mokvla _ es niSnavs Caidino yvelaze
saSineli uaryofiTi saqcieli. budizmis eTika iwyeba mcnebiT:
àravis waarTva sicocxle, es iqneba adamiani Tu cxoveli~.
embrionis bunebisa da statusis problemebis gadawyveta budizmSi
Semdegnairia: `Canasaxi wmindaa da atarebs adamianuri arsebis
mTel potencials~. amitomac aborti `Seesabameba sicocxlis
ganadgurebas stadiisagan damoukideblad~.959
,,rogorc iudaizmis avtoritetebi Tvlian, aborti (da
saerTod _ bavSvebis aryolis survili) ewinaaRmdegeba istorias
da ebraeli xalxis mesianur mowodebas. amavdroulad, Tu
orsuloba safrTxes uqmnis dedis fizikur janmrTelobas, am
garemoebas yuradReba unda mieqces”.960
abortis gakeTebis dros, daubadebeli adamianis (fetusis) xma
dedis muclidan ar ismis (specialuri mowyobilobiT misi piris
gaRebis dafiqsirebaa SesaZlebeli, rac gvafiqrebinebs, rom igi
Taviseburad xmas gamoscems), ver axerxebs tkivilis gamoxatvas
imgvarad, rom dabadebulT gaagebinos, Cumad itanjeba, uxmod
egueba mtkivneul sikvdils da ise kvdeba, rom sakuTari tanjviT
aravis awuxebs. albaT swored aRniSnulma ganapiroba fetusis
sicocxlis mimarT dedisa da sazogadoebis tolerantobis dabali
xarisxi.
,,sanam daubadebel CvilTa kvla kanoniT ar aikrZaleba, sanam
957
958
959
iqve, 285.
960
iqve, 285.
286
am saSinel borotmoqmedebas dumiliT dauWers mxars sazogadoeba,
manam yoveli qadageba Zmobis, samarTlianobisa da siyvarulis
Sesaxeb mxolod TvalTmaqcoba da farisevloba iqneba“.961
,,rTulia ar gaiTvaliswino da gverdi auaro uflis sityvebs,
romelic gvamcnobs: ,,vidre mucelSi gamogsaxavdi, gamogarCie...“
Cven am codvil qveyanaze, rTulia vicxovroT ise, rogorc
sarwmunoebrivad amaRlebul adamianebs SeeferebaT, radgan
realuri cxovreba amis saSualebas ar gvaZlevs; vqmniT kanonebs,
romelic uzrunvelyofs ise moviqceT, rogorc gamartivebuli
cxovrebis moyvarulT sCveviaT, Tumca erTi ram cxadia: eklesia
sxva ,,kanonebs“ gvTavazobs da Cven arCevanis winaSe gvayenebs _
sarwmunoeba Tu ,,rTuli realoba...“962
9.2. fetusis sicocxlis uflebis dacvis samarTlebrivi

problemebi
abortTan dakavSirebuli samarTlebrivi, eTikuri, samedicino da

politikuri Sexedulebebis Secvlam gavlena moaxdina mravali
qveynis sazogadoebriv azrze. maT daayenes iseTi sakiTxebi,
rogoricaa: qalTa ufleba _ airCios fexmZimobis Sewyveta;
embrionisTvis, fetusisTvis gankuTvnili samarTlebrivi da
moraluri dacva.
,,dRes ukve bevri iziarebs im azrs, rom adamianuri bunebis
mqone embrionis mokvdineba danaSaulia“.963
sadavo da dasadgenia sakiTxi, aqvs Tu ara qals mis sxeulSi
gaCenili cocxali arsebis sicocxlis Sewyvetis ufleba; unda
daicvas Tu ara kanonma fetusi, rogorc damoukidebeli
sicocxle; unda moxdes Tu ara fetusis statusis aRiareba,
rogorc saSvilosnoSi mcxovrebi adamianisa.
,,zogi adamianisTvis is faqti, rom adamianis sicocxle
Casaxvidan iwyeba, sakmarisia imisTvis, rom mtkiced idges abortis
mowinaaRmdegeTa rigebSi. sxvaTa darwmuneba ase advilad ar xdeba.
maT SeuZliaT amtkicon, miuxedavad imisa, rom fetusi marTlac
rom daubadebeli adamiania, mas mainc ar gaaCnia sakmarisi
ganviTareba imisTvis, rom ukve dabadebuli adamianis Tanaswori
iyos“.964
zogierTi argumentis Tanaxmad, ,,qals TviTneburad aqvs
nebismier SemTxvevaSi fetusis ganadgurebis ufleba. qalze
961
962
griSikaSvili l., dasax. statia, 136.
963
Суло Ж., Биологический статус человеческого эмбриона (доклад для медиков), семъя и
биоэтика, 2001, 131.
964
www.abort73.com/abortion/prenatal_development, 18.07.2011.
287
zewola, fexmZimobis SenarCunebaze, raRaciT masze batonobas
waagavs“.965
,,ganacxads imis Sesaxeb, rom qals Tavisuflad SeuZlia,
gaanadguros is arseba, romelic warmoiqmna misi nebayoflobiTi
seqsualuri urTierTobiT, eqneboda azri im SemTxvevaSi, Tu es
arseba CaiTvleboda qalis sxeulis ganuyofel nawilad, magram
socialuri doqtrinis ganviTarebam, romelic warmosaxavs qalebis
Tavisuflebis upiratesobas, dapirispireba pova mecnierebis
ganviTarebasa da fetusis, rogorc saSvilosnoSi mcxovrebi
pirovnebis aRiarebasTan“.966
,,xSir SemTxvevaSi saxezea dilema, sadac aborti SeiZleba
iyos gamosavali. yvelaze klasikuri ki is SemTxvevaa, rodesac
dedis gadarCena mxolod saSvilosnoSi mcxovrebi bavSvis
sicocxlis warTmeviT SeiZleba. TeologTa da kanonmdebelTa
saerTo Sexedulebis Tanaxmad, ar SeiZleba arsebobdes iseTi
valdebuleba, romlis Tanaxmadac qali iZulebuli iqneboda, Tavis
sicocxleze maRla bavSvis sicocxle daeyenebina, magram im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu qalma TviTSewirva gadawyvita, rac SesabamisobaSi
modis siyvarulis uzenaes kanonTan, ra Tqma unda, am SemTxvevaSi
es ukanaskneli aRmatebuli Zalis mqone iqneba“.967
sicocxlis uflebis Tanamedrove mniSvnelobis definiciam
ganviTareba XVII saukunis bolosa da XVIII saukunis dasawyisSi
hpova. am droisaTvis adamianis uflebebis koncefcia bunebiT
samarTalze dayrdnobiT Camoyalibda, romlis Tanaxmadac, adamians
gaaCnia xelSeuvali uflebebi, romelTa Soris sicocxlis
uflebac aris.
adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTlis mraval
teqstSi aRniSnulia is faqti, rom sicocxlis ufleba warmoadgens
adamianis ZiriTad uflebas, romelic xelSeuvalia, da SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom ar SeiZleba es ufleba uaryofil iqnes.
gaerTianebuli erebis orgაnizaciis sayovelTao deklaracia
miRebul iqna 1948 wlis 10 dekembers. moyolebuli 1948 wlidan
sayovelTao deklaraciam implementaciis umaRlesi statusi
moipova yvela xalxisa da erebisTvis saerTo standartebisa da
principebis damkvidrebaSi, romlebic yvela saxelmwifom unda
gaiTvaliswinos.
samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa saerTaSoriso faqti
Seicavs adamianis e.w. klasikur uflebebs, romlebmac umravlesi
saxelmwifos konstituciebsa da Sida kanonmdeblobebSi poves
asaxva. samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa saerTaSoriso faqti
ZalaSi Sevida 1976 wlis 23 marts.
yvela adamians gaaCnia Tandayolili sicocxlis ufleba.
aRniSnuli ufleba kanoniT unda iqnes daculi. bavSvis uflebebi,
romlebic bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciiT aris aRiarebuli,
965
dacva erovnul da saerTaSoriso samarTalSi, korkelia k. (red.), Tb., 2002, 252-
253.
966
iqve, 253.
967
iqve, 253-254.
288
gvevlineba adamianis uflebebad. bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia
gaeros generaluri asambleis mier 1989 wlis 20 noembers iqna
miRebuli da Sevida ZalaSi 1990 wlis 2 seqtembridan. bavSvis
uflebaTa konvencia acxadebs, rom bavSvi specialuri, maT Soris
samarTlebrivi dacvisa da zrunvis sagania rogorc dabadebis
Semdeg, ise dabadebamde.
mas Semdeg mravalma welma ganvlo, rac adamianis uflebaTa
fundamenturi saerTaSoriso regulireba damkvidrda. swored am
mizeziT Cveni dRevandeli saWiroebisaTvis sxvadsxva principebi da
debulebebi moqmedeben. bolo drois mniSvnelovanma progresma
saWiro gaxada dacvis gaZliereba da yuradRebis gamaxvileba
medicinaSi, biologiaSi, bioqimiasa da genetikaSi Seqmnil mraval
problemaze, rogoricaa: bavSvis dabadebamde genetikuri diagnozi
da Terapia.
,,samarTlis Teoriis mixedviT, adamiani uflebaunariani
dabadebis momentidan xdeba. aqedan gamomdinare, adamianis nayofi
samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT, sakmarisad daculi ar aris“.968
bolo drois mniSvnelovanma progresma saWiro gaxada dacvis
gaZliereba da yuradRebis gamaxvileba medicinaSi, biologiaSi,
bioqimiasa da genetikaSi Seqmnil mraval problemaze, rogoricaa:
bavSvis dabadebamde genetikuri diagnozi da Terapia.
is sakiTxi, Tu ra doneze gaaCnia fetuss sicocxlis ufleba
da igi Casaxvis momentidan iwyeba, Tu bavSvis dabadebidan, metad
sadavo sakiTxs warmoadgens. van niuvenhovi aRniSnavs, rom
adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebi bundovan pasuxs
iZleva kiTxvaze, ekuTvnis Tu ara daubadebel bavSvs sicocxlis
ufleba, gamomdinare iqidan, rom saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebis
Sesabamis muxlebSi naTlad ar aris mowesrigebuli sicocxlis
uflebis damcavi meqanizmi embrionisTvis/fetusisTvis da ufro
konkretulad imitomac, rom aRniSnuli SeTanxmebebis mizani ar
aRmoCnda am metad problematuri da sadavo sakiTxis gadaWra an
erTi, an meore gziT,969 an ubralod sakiTxis sirTulis gamo,
gverdi auares mas da pasuxismgeblobac airides.
zemoT mocemuli ganmartebidan gamomdinare, SesaZlebelia
davaskvnaT, rom sicocxlis uflebis aw arsebuli standartebi ar
aris damakmayofilebeli.
profesori van niuvenhovis azriT, is sakiTxi, ekuTvnis Tu
ara fetuss sicocxlis ufleba, an rogorc zogierTebi uwodeben _
dabadebis ufleba, abortebis irgvliv Seqmnil debatebTan
dakavSirebiT erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi sakiTxia. sicocxlis
mxardamWerTა moZraobis argumentiT, futusi warmoadgens adamianur
sicocxles. maSin, rodesac futusi cocxalia, maSin, rodesac igi
pirovnebas warmoadgens _ mas ekuTvnis sicocxlis ufleba. 970 igi
968
kvaWaZe m., adamianis uflebaTa dacvis sakiTxebi Tanamedrove medicinaSi,
saerTaSoriso-samarTlebrivi da Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi samarTlis aspeqtebi,
1999, 21.
969
ix. gazeTi, kviris palitra, 22-28 maisi, 2000, #21 (266).
970
ix. iqve.
289
damatebiT aRniSnavs, rom abortis Tema aris da iqneba mravali
pirovnebis interesis momcavi, maT Soris: qalis, fetusis,
biologiuri mamis, mamis, ojaxis, eqimisa da sazogadoebis. amasTan
aRsaniSnavia, rom qalisa da fetusis interesebi gacilebiT ufro
aRmatebulia, vidre magaliTad, qmris, romelic ar warmoadgens
biologiur mamas.971
adamianis uflebaTa dacvis evropulma konvenciam (misi me-2
muxli) fetusis sicocxlis uflebis sakiTxi, pirvelad swored
abortis kanonmdeblobasTan mimarTebiT wamoWra. komisiam
Camoayaliba sami SesaZlebeli midgoma konvenciis me-2 muxlis
interpretaciisa fetusis sicocxlesTan mimarTebiT. erTi mxriv,
man miuTiTa, rom sityva ,,yvelas” saerTo gageba da konteqsti,
romelSic igi iyo gamoyenebuli konvenciis me-2 muxlis pirvel
winadadebaSi, ar moicavda daubadebel adamianebs. rac Seexeba
sityva ,,sicocxles”, mis Taobaze gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebi
arsebobda _ zogierTi miiCnevda, rom sicocxle CasaxvisTanave
iwyeboda, sxvebi sicocxlis dawyebas nayofis ganviTarebis
sxvadasxva periods ukavSirebdnen, zogierTis azriT ki, sicocxle
dabadebidan iwyeboda. amis gamo konvenciis me-2 muxli samgvarad
SeiZleboda ganmartebuliyo, kerZod:
_ rom is ar moicavda fetuss saerTod;
_ rom is aRiarebda fetusis sicocxlis uflebas gansazRvruli
SezRudvebiT;
_ rom is aRiarebda sicocxlis absolutur uflebas
fetusisaTvis.972
,,sagulisxmoa, rom komisiam pirveli ori midgoma Riad
datova, magram kategoriulad gamoricxa mesame. man miuTiTa, rom
Tu aRiarebuli iqneboda fetusis sicocxlis absoluturi ufleba,
SezRudvebis gareSe, es gamoiwvevda abortebis srul akrZalvas,
maSinac ki, rodesac orsuloba seriozul riskTan iyo
dakavSirebuli qalisaTvis“. 973 ,,isic saeWvoa, ramdenad
gamarTlebulia saerTod aseTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxis gamudmebiT
Riad datoveba an ratom aris SeuZlebeli fetusis sicocxlis
Tundac SezRuduli uflebis aRiareba konvenciis meore muxlis
safuZvelze. Zalze sagulisxmoa, rom germaniis federalurma
sakonstitucio sasamarTlom da espaneTis sakonstitucio
sasamarTlom farTo Sinaarsi mianiWes “sicocxlis uflebas” da
daadgines, rom “sicocxlis ufleba”, romelic daculi iyo
konvenciis me-2 muxliT da Sida konstituciuri principebiT,
gamoiyeneboda fetusis mimarT, Tumca im daTqmiT, rom es ufleba
absoluturi ar iyo“.974
971
ix. gazeTi, kviris palitra, 22-28 maisi, 2000, #21 (266).
972
973
iqve, 65.
974
iqve, 72.
290
,,gansxvavebuli sakiTxebi wamoiWra 2004 wels safrangeTSi
ganxilul saqmeSi _ Vo v. France. am saqmem gamoavlina konvenciis
safuZvelze fetusis sicocxlis uflebis dacvis axali aspeqtebi.
igi Seexeboda sasurvel bavSvs (21-24 kviris sicocxlisunarian,
janmrTel fetuss), romlis sicocxlec Sewyda Terapiuli abortis
Sedegad, eqimis Secdomis gamo. vietnameli warmoSobis qalbatoni
q. lionis saavadmyofoSi aeriaT sxva vietnamel qalbatonSi da mis
mimarT ganaxorcieles iseTi samedicino Careva, romelic
gamiznuli iyo am ukanasknelisaTvis. Carevis Sedegad fetusi
daiRupa. eqimis mimarT aRiZra sisxlis samarTlis saqme
gaufrTxilebeli mkvlelobisa da gaufrTxileblobiT fizikuri
zianis miyenebisaTvis. q. lionis kriminalurma sasamarTlom
fizikuri zianis miyenebis braldebasTan mimarTebiT Sewyvita saqme
amnistiis safuZvelze; rac Seexeba gaufrTxileblobiTi
mkvlelobis braldebas, man gadawyvita, rom sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis Sesabamisi muxli ar gamoiyeneboda fetusis mimarT,
vinaidan igi ar iyo ,,adamiani”.975
yvelaze fundamenturi sakiTxi, romelic kacobriobis
azrovnebis xangrZlivi istoriis manZilze saWiroebs pasuxis
gacemas aris is, Tu rogor unda ganisazaRvros arsebis adamianoba.
abortis momxreTa argumenti, romliTac adamianoba ganisazRvreba
socialuri arsebobiT, saSiSia Tavisi SesaZlebeli SedegebiT, maTi
azriT, embrioni, fetusi sazogadoebis mier ar aris miRebuli
adamianad, mas ar ZaluZs urTierToba daamyaros sxvasTan, amitomac
igi ar aris sazogadoebis wevri.976
kurt baieris argumentis Tanaxmad: ,,is mtkicebuleba, romlis
Tanaxmadac adamianis sicocxle Casaxvis momentidan iwyeba, srul
WeSmaritebas warmoadgens“.977 nunani aRniSnavs: ,,pozitiuri
argumenti imaTTvis, vinc im azrs iziarebs, rom Casaxvis
momentidan sicocxle iwyeba, gamoixateba imaSi, rom Casaxvis
momentidan axali adamiani genetikur kods iZens“.978 redelbaxis
azriT, ,,im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sicocxle Casaxvis momentidan iwyeba,
maSin fetuss sicocxlis ufleba ekuTvnis da saxelmwifo
valdebulia daicvas igi dedisagan, romelsac misi ganadgureba
surs“.979
975
976
977
iqve, 259.
978
iqve, 259-260.
979
iqve, 259-260.
291
9.3. dedis Tavisuflebisa da fetusis sicocxlis uflebis
farglebi
,,argumentacia, romelic asabuTebs qalis uflebas Tavisufal,

sapasuxismgeblo arCevanze, ataros Tu ara Casaxuli nayofi an
gaikeTos aborti, SedarebiT sruladaa warmodgenili ojaxis
dagegmis saerTaSoriso federaciis (odsf) dokumentebsa da
publikaciebSi. sakiTxi abortis Sesaxeb _ esaa reproduqciuli
janmrTelobis sakiTxis nawili, romelic reproduqciuli
arCevanisa da adamianis reproduqciul uflebebs exeba.
reproduqciuli janmrTeloba asaxavs saerTod janmrTelobis
Zalian mniSvnelovan aspeqts da gulisxmobs:
 STamomavlobis Seqmnis unars,
 am sferoSi gadawyvetilebaTa Tavisufal miRebas,
 kmayofilebis momtan da usafrTxo sqesobriv cxovrebas,
 reproduqciuli arCevanis SesaZleblobaze pirovnebis
moraluri avtonomiis gamovlenas seqsualurobisa da
Sobadobis sakiTxebSi (igulisxmeba abortis uflebac).
pirvel rigSi sakiTxi exeba pirovnebis Segnebul
damokidebulebas am sakiTxebisadmi”.980
,,abortis mowinaaRmdegeni mTavar aqcents imaze akeTeben, rom
embrions, nayofs sicocxlis iseTive ufleba aqvs, rogorc yvela
adamians. xelovnuri aborti _ es adamianuri arsebis sicocxlis
xelyofaa, e. i. mkvleloba da rogor SeiZleba visaubroT
`mkvlelobis uflebis~ Sesaxeb?”981
Casaxvis momentidan Cndeba sruliad unikaluri da
ganumeorebeli adamiani, Tavisi gansxvavebuli genetikuri kodiT.
dedis 23 da mamis 23 qromosoma erTiandeba, raTa warmoSvas axali
da sruliad unikaluri genetikuri kombinacia. miuxedavad imisa,
rom fetusi mSoblebis garegnuli da sxva Tvisebebis matarebeli
xdeba, mas gaaCnia damoukidebeli genetikuri kodi, romelic
mxolod mas aqvs da aravis sxvas.982
,,rogorc biologiuri struqtura, embroini ar hgavs dedis
arc erT organos, radganac igi sxvagvari adamianuri arsebaa
(biologiurad unikaluri da mTliani), romelic mis sxeulSi
izrdeba“.983
sayuradReboa, rom ganayofierebis pirvelive dRes iwyeba
fetusis ganviTarebis procesi _ fragmentacia, mesame kviris
bolos, Casaxvidan daaxloebiT 21-e dRes da formis miRebidan me-8
dRes, fetusis guli Zgeras iwyebs. momdevno 4 dRis ganmavlobaSi,
gulis Zgera ritmSi jdeba da fetusis sxeulSi sisxlis
regularuli miwodeba iwyeba,984 am periodSi fetusis Zvlis tvinic
980
981
iqve, 264.
982
983
984
292
formirdeba. ,,Casaxvidan me-3 kviras bavSvs ukve gamokveTili aqvs
organoebi, xolo me-6 kviridan eleqtroencefaluri xelsawyoebiT
savsebiT SesaZlebelia tvinis funqcionirebis dadgena. es savsebiT
adasturebs imas, rom daubadebeli bavSvi azrovnebs, mas aqvs
SegrZnebebi, ganicdis tkivils, icinis, tiris, anu faqtobrivad
didad ar gansxvavdeba axalSobilisagan, romelic msgavsac
daubadebeli bavSvisa, ver laparakobs, ver aRiqvams garemos
xeirianad da a.S., magram realurad is mainc adamiania“.985 me-7
kviridan ukve nayofi iwyebs moZraobas, xolo me-10 kviridan bavSvs
SeuZlia Sexeba da sanayofe wylis ylapva, igi reagirebs gareSe
movlenebze. Casaxvidan me-12 kviras nayofis guli cems Tanabari
sixSiriT _ 130-150 pulsi wamSi. ganayofierebidan meore Tves bavSvs
gamokveTili aqvs TiTebi, frCxilebi da TviT quTuToebic ki.
faqtobrivad, am periodisTvis bavSvis organizmis Camoyalibeba
dasrulebulia. igi ubralod ganviTarebas ganagrZobs 6 Tvis
manZilze dedis sxeulSi.986 orsulobis mecxre Tves nayofi kidev
ufro izrdeba, kani uxdeba gluvi, vardisferi, RinRli sxeulidan
uqreba, Tavze ki, piriqiT, ezrdeba. filtvebSi uCndeba surfaqtanti
- cximovani nivTiereba, romelic amofens da Sewebebis saSualebas
ar aZlevs alveolebs, anu nayofs SeuZlia damoukideblad sunTqva.
misi Tavi Camodis dedis menjis RruSi da emzadeba dasabadeblad.
nayofi daaxloebiT 50 santimetris sigrZisaa da daaxloebiT
2400-3000 grams iwonis. ... bavSvi ufro metad moZraobs, radgan
mucelSi Tavs viwrod grZnobs.987 specialuri samedicino
aparaturis meSveobiT gadaRebul fotoebs Tu davakvirdebiT,
aSkarad Cans, rom 16 kviris (4 Tve) fetuss ukve absoluturad
srulyofilad Camoyalibebuli aqvs yvela adamianuri organo.
,,msgavsi argumentebis safuZvelze orsulobis xelovnurad
Sewyvetis, rogorc moralurad dasaSvebi samedicino Carevis,
mowinaaRmdegeni daJinebiT amtkiceben, rom aborti _ esaa
udanaSaulo adamianuri arsebis sastiki mkvleloba”.988
,,abortis problema _ es mxolod dedis janmrTelobisTvis
negatiuri Sedegebis momtani ar aris. samedicino praqtikaSi
araerTi SemTxveva yofila, roca aborti didi xnis orsuls
ukeTdeba, maSin, roca fetusi ukve sicocxlisunariania”.989
,,abortis, rogorc sisxlis samarTlis wesiT dasjadi danaSaulis
obieqtad orsuli qalis janmrTeloba gvevlineba. miuxedavad
orsulobis xanzadmulobisa, aborti uamrav fiziologiur
990
garTulebasTan aris dakavSirebuli“ , aborti didi albaTobiT
travmuli SedegiT SeiZleba dasruldes: peritoniti,
985
986
ix. www. abort73.com/abortion/geraldine lux flanagan, the first nine months of life, 18.07.2011.
987
ix. orsulobis mecxre Tve,
www.lady.mcvane.ge/main/rchevebi/rcehvebi-orsulebisatvis/18905-bbbbbbbbb-bbbyebbb-bbb.html,
17.07.2011.
988
989
Сергей Тасаков, уголовно-право, искусственное прерывание беременности (аборт), уголовно-
правовые аспекты, 2004, 68.
990
iqve, 67.
293
endometriozi, uSviloba, sefsisi da mwvave sisxldena. 991 rac
zogierT SemTxvevaSi qalis Svilosnobis mudmivi moSliTa Tu
dedis sikvdiliT dasrulebula. ase rom, roca kanoni fetusis,
rogorc dedis sxeulSi mcxovrebi adamianis samarTlebriv
uflebebs aRiarebs da mas sakadrisad daicavs, amiT dedis
sicocxlec da janmrTelobac gaormagebulad iqneba daculi.
,,gansakuTrebuli Tema (ramac unda aaRelvos abortis
momxreebi, Tumca mas ZiriTadad mowinaaRmdegeni wamoWrian xolme),
grZnobs Tu ara nayofi tkivils? samecniero TvalsazrisiT es
sakmaod rTuli sakiTxia, radgan tkivili fsiqofiziologiuri
fenomenia. 1997 wels samuSao jgufma, romelic didi britaneTis
meanobisa da ginekologiis samefo kolejma Camoayaliba,
gamoaqveyna moxseneba `nayofis cnobiereba~. es moxseneba, romelic
literaturis dawvrilebiT analizs efuZneba, amasTanave exeba
sakiTxs, Tu ra asakidan SeigrZnobs tkivils nayofi“.992
dadasturebulia, rom ,,ganviTarebis ocdamesame kviras nayofs
aRmoaCndeba refleqtoruli reaqciebi mxolod mavne (zianis
momtan) stimulebze. periferiuli nervebis, zurgis tvinis, tvinis
Rrus, Tavis tvinis qerqisa da Talamusis struqturuli
integracia, rac nebas gvaZlevs visaubroT nayofis Segnebaze,
iwyeba ara uadres orsulobis ocdameeqvse kvirisa. orsulobis
Sewyvetis procedurebis Catarebisas, Tu nayofi 24 kviraze meti
asakisaa, rekomendebulia gautkivarebis Catareba an sedatiuri
saSualebebis gamoyeneba”.993
,,msoflios mravalwliani gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom
abortTan brZola akrZalviTa da iuridiuli meqanizmebiT ar
iZleva Sedegebs, misi daZleva mxolod mosaxleobis sulieri
gajansaRebis Sedegadaa SesaZlebeli. amave dros, abortis mimarT
mosaxleobis jansaRi azris CamoyalibebaSi erT-erTi gadamwyveti
roli SeiZleba Seasrulos abortis kriminalizaciam, anu sisxlis
samarTlis danaSaulad gamocxadebam, radgan sasjelis miznebs
Soris arsebobs e.w. ,,zogadi prevencia“, anu is, rom sasjeli
samagaliToa sxvaTaTvis, rom maT sasjelis SiSiT Tavi Seikavon
danaSaulebrivi qmedebis ganxorcieleebisagan. amave dros
saxelmwifo, samarTlis Teoriis Tanaxmad, sasjelTan erTad,
mimarTavs darwmunebis meTodsac, rac gulisxmobs imas, rom
moqalaqeTa azris ჩamoyalibeba xdeba danaSaulis sawinaaRmdego
mowodebebiT“.994
aRniSnuli miznis miRwevaSi mniSvnelovani roli mediis
saSulebebs ekuTvniT. saxelmwifo politika sazogadoebis azris
SecviT unda ganxorcieldes. masobrivi informaciis saSulebebiT
xSirad unda gavrceldes fetusis sicocxlisa da adamianurobis
mauwyebeli informacia da kadrebi, raTa potenciurma dedebma da
991
ix. www.finchanel.com/Main_News/Geo/76849_Georgia_has_highest_abotion_rates_in_the_World/
written on 06.12.2010, 15.05.2011.
992
993
iqve, 266.
994
294
im dedebma, romlebic mzad arian uari Tqvan nayofze,
gaacnobieron, rom maT sxeulSi axali adamiani cxovrobs,
romlisTvisac sicocxlis warTmevis ufleba maT ar gaaCniaT,
garda gamonaklisi SemTxvevebisa, roca sapirwoned maTi sicocxle
an janmrTeloba dgas, vinaidan aravin ar aris valdebuli,
sakuTari sicocxle an janmrTeloba gaswiros sxvisTvis, Tundac
SvilisTvis.
aseve umniSvnelovanesia religiis roli da daniSnuleba.
saqarTvelos patriarqi xSirad mouwodebs mrevls, raTa izrunon
STamomavlobaze, sicocxlis ufleba miscen Casaxul Svilebs da
airidon umZimesi codva. aseTi qadagebebi da sxva saxis
mimarTvebi unda gagrZeldes, radgan eklesiis roli
gansakuTrebulia sazogadoebrivi Segnebis amaRlebaSi.
ufleba ,,ar iyo mokluli“ sxvis mier, sicocxlis uflebis
ZiriTadi Sinaarsia, sicocxlis ufleba ki individis uzenaesi
uflebaa, rac aucileblad unda gavrceldes rogorc dabadebul,
ise daubadebel adamianze. sulis mqone arc erTi adamiani ar
SeiZleba iyos sxvisi, Tundac dedis mkvlelobis msxverpli.
Tanamedrove medicinas Zalzed bevri saSualeba gaaCnia,
romlebic faqtiurad 100%-iT uzrunvelyofs sqesobrivi kavSiris
dros, qalis dacvas daugegmavi orsulobisgan, mag: Casaxvis
sawinaaRmdego abebi, spirali, sterilizacia da sxva saxis
kontraceptivi. miuxedavad amisa, jer kidev mravalricxovania im
qalTa raodenoba, romlebic TavianTi upasuxismgeblobisa da
daudevrobis gamo, arasasurveli orsulobis winaSe dgeba da
aborts mimarTavs, rogorc pirad uflebas. faqtia, rom saukuneebis
gamocdilebam da mravalgzis mowodebam, ar mouspon embrions
sicocxle da miscen dabadebis SesaZlebloba, Sedegi ver gamoiRo.
swored amitom, ,,fetusis sicocxlis uflebis dacva mxolod
kanoniT Tu iqneba SesaZlebeli, vinaidan 21-e saukuneSic ki, roca
mTeli sazogadoebas srulyofili da dadasturebuli informacia
gaaCnia fetusis adamianurobis Taobaze, kvlav masStaburad da
upasuxismgeblod xorcieldeba embrionis mkvleloba“.995 Tumca
kanonmdebelma unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom fetusis dasacavad
gonivruli norma unda aamoqmedos, vinaidan abortis akrZalva ar
niSnavs, rom igi aRar gakeTdeba. sruli Tu nawilobrivi akrZalvis
miuxedavad, abortebi mTeli msoflios masStabiT mainc keTdeba,
amitom frTxilad unda SeirCes problemis gadaWris gzebi.
,,adamianis embrionis qsovilebis gamoyenebas klinikur
medicinaSi da misgan specialuri preparatebis damzadebas dadebiT
SedegebTan erTad, garkveuli negatiuri movlenebic axlavs, xSiria
am sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli kanonsawinaaRmdego moqmedebebi.
msoflioSi (jandacvis msoflio organizaciis monacemebiT)
aRricxulia ara erTi SemTxveva, rodesac qalebi specialurad
ikeTeben aborts, raTa nayofi, garkveuli gasamrjelos miRebis
995
Suzanne Ost, Journal of Civil Liberties Vol.5.issue2, Conceptions of the euthanasia phenomenon: a
295
safasurad, Caabaron samedicino dawesebulebebs. aqtiurad
mimdinareobs embrionis qsovilebze samedicino kvlevebi“.996
saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba icavs fetuss sxvaTa
xelyofisagan. rac Seexeba Tavad dedas, igia erTaderTi adamiani,
visac garkveul farglebSi SeuZlia uari Tqvas masze (fetusze),
magram saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba, iseve rogorc sxva qveynebSi,
fetuss ar Tvlis adamianad. es Cans iqidan, rom orsuli qalis
mkvleloba ar ganixileba ori adamianis mkvlelobad, Tumca igi
damamZimebel garemoebaSi Cadenili mkvlelobaa. kanonmdebeli am
SemTxvevaSi gamodis iqidan, rom sisxlis samarTlis mizania
sazogadoebrivi wesrigis dacva, e.i. sazogadoebis wevrebs Soris
urTierTobis mowesrigeba, fetusi ki jer araa sazogadoebis wevri,
amdenad igi araa CaTvlili adamianad, amitom adamianis sicocxlis
dacva iwyeba mSobiarobis procesidan da ara manamde. manamde ki
xdeba fetusis sicocxlis dacva.
aqedan gamomdinareobs is, rom fetusis ganadgureba
SesaZlebelia dedis moTxovniT (kanoniT dadgenili pirobebis
arsebobisas), xolo aqtiuri evTanaziis ganxorcieleba Tavad
msxverplis TxovniTac ki _ akrZalulia. evTanaziis dros
msxverpli adamiania, sazogadoebis wevria, gansxvavebiT
fetusisagan.
bolo dros qalTa informirebuloba arasasurveli
orsulobisgan Tavis dasacavi mravalferovani saSualebebis
Sesaxeb sagrZnoblad gazrdilia, Sesabamisad, msoflios TiTqmis
yvela qveyanaSi Semcirebulia abortebis ricxvi, rac wyvilis
upasuxsimgeblobiT iyo gamowveuli.
sazogadoeba gagebiT ekideba da sakadrisad mwvaved ar
akritikebs dedis gadawyvetilebas, romelis dilemis winaSe dgeba
da abortiT klavs fetuss, Tumca ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom
yovelTvis arsebobs mkvlelobis alternativa, mag: gaSvileba.
Tanamedrove medicina kontracefciis mravalferovan
CamonaTvals iTvlis, Sesabamisad, arasasurveli orsulobisgan
dacvis uamravi saSualeba arsebobs, rac kanonmdebelmac unda
miiRos mxedvelobaSi dedisTvis pasuxismgeblobis dawesebis
TvalsazrisiT.
friad sayuradReboa, rom dResdReobiT msoflios TiTqmis
yvela qveyanaSi xelmisawvdomia e.w. ,,Sobadobis makontrolebeli
abebi”, romlebic arasasurveli orsulobisgan icaven qals. es
abebi Casaxvas uSlis xels da qali TiTqmis 100%-iT daculia
daugegmavi, arasasurveli orsulobisgan. aseve arsebobs iseTi
kategoriis abebi, e.w. ,,saswrafo kontracefcia”, romlebic qals
orsulobisgan icaven ara mxolod maTi sqesobrivi aqtis
dawyebamde an yoveldRiuri miRebis SemTxvevaSi, aramed daucveli
sqesobrivi aqtidan 5 dRis (120 saaTi) gasvlis Semdegac ki. msgavsi
abis fasi 10-dan 70 dolaramde meryeobs, Tumca sruliad
996
kvaWaZe m., adamianis uflebaTa dacvis sakiTxebi Tanamedrove medicinaSi,
saerTaSoriso-samarTlebrivi da Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi samarTlis aspeqtebi,
1999, 19-20.
296
usafrTxoa da Sedegic garantirebulia. msgavsi abebis yidva
SeiZleba rogorc afTiaqSi, ise internetis meSveobiT.997
marTlmadidebluri eklesia gmobs rogor aborts, ise
Casaxvis sawinaaRmdego yvela saSualebas da mas aRiqvams, rogorc
RmerTisTvis sicocxlis CasaxvaSi Carevas da xelis SeSlas.
arqimandriti rafaeli wers _ ,,sasixaruloa is faqti, Tanamedrove
medicinis yvelaze ufro zneobrivad gamarTulma nawilma rom
aborti saSinel borotmoqmedebad aRiara, magram sazogadoebis
didi nawilisaTvis ucnobi da gaugebari isaa, rom eklesia ara
marto abortis, aramed yvelanairi kontraceftuli saSualebis
winaaRmdegia ... bavSvi axali, momavali cxovrebis saidumloa,
adamiani ki imis cdaSia, rom es saidumlo da RmrTisagan boZebuli
gamravlebis unari vnebebisa da gulisTqmebis dasajerebel
saSualebad aqcios. am faqts ar urigdeba wmida eklesia, radgan
swored aqedan iwyeba pirovnebis Zlieri zneobrivi dacema. ...
„ojaxis saregulireblad“ gaweuli yvela mcdelobis Sinaarsi
mruSobis warmatebiT warmarTvis survilia, magram Tu es mcdeloba
uSedego aRmoCnda, dedebi sakuTar Svilebs, yvelas rom ergeba im
safarvels - miwasac ar miayrian, sakanalizacio milebs
gaatanen”. 998
mama Teodore gignaZe ambobs: ,,RvTis nebis sawinaaRmdego
qmedeba adamians uflisgan ganaSorebs da codvad iTvleba. RmerTi
yovel axal adamians, col-qmris mier, maTi Tanayofis gziT qmnis,
xolo Casaxvis sawinaaRmdego saSualebebis gamoyenebiT col-qmari
RmerTs axali adamianis movlinebis saSualebas ar aZlevs.
kontraceptika axali sicocxlis, saerTod sicocxlisa da
sicocxlis wyaros _ RvTis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli qmedebaa.
kontraceptika mkvlelobaa sicocxlis gaCenamde da eris
genocidia. yovelive aqedan gamomdinare, gasagebia, rom eklesia
verasodes miscems kurTxevas kontraceptivebis gamoyenebaze, miT
umetes, maTi umravlesoba (abebi, spirali), xSir SemTxvevaSi
Casaxvas ki ar uSlis xels, aramed ukve ganayofierebul ujreds
klavs, e.i. adgili aqvs aborts. erTaderTi, rac SeiZleba eklesiam
gaakeTos isaa, rom gaiTvaliswinos, gamoiZios yoveli konkretuli
SemTxveva (janmrTeloba, urwmuno meuRle, mciredmorwmuneoba) da
mouwodos meuRleebs kontraceptivebis magivrad, Tavi Seikavon
urTierTobisagan im dReebSi, roca SeiZleba Casaxva moxdes,
izrunos maTSi rwmenis ganmtkicebisaTvis da aswavlos ufalze
mindoba“.999
faqtia, rom 21-e saukuneSi qals, romelsac Segnebuli aqvs,
ras niSnavs aborti rogorc fetusisTvis, ise misi sicocxlisa da
997
ix. www.plannedparenthood.org/health-topics/emergency-contraception-morning-after-pill-4363.asp,
02.10.2011.
998
sisxli RaRadebs, arqimandriti rafaelis werilebis mixedviT,
www.orthodoxy.ge/tserilebi/siskhli_gagadebs.htm, 04.06.2012.
999
mama Teodore gignaZe, rogor uyurebs marTlmadidebeli eklesia
kontraceptivebs, Casaxvis sawinaaRmdego saSualebebis gamoyenebas imisaTvis, rom
Tavidan aviciloT abortebi?,
www.orthodoxy.ge/pasukhebi/3.htm, 04.06.2012.
297
janmrTelobisTvis, yvelanairi SesaZlebloba gaaCnia, Tavi daicvas
da arc fetusi moklas da arc sakuTari sicocxle da
janmrTeloba daayenos seriozuli safrTxis qveS.
zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, mimaCnia, rom vinaidan
Tanamedrove samyaroSi qali srulyofilad aris informirebuli
da aqvs xelmisawvdomi uamravi saSualeba, Tavidan aicilos
arasasurveli fexmZimoba, mis mier abortis gakeTeba, garda
gamonaklisi SemTxvevebisa, rac kanonSi pirdapir unda
dafiqsirdes, unda daisajos, rogorc fetusis, anu adamianurobis
sawyisis, momavali adamianis ganzrax mkvlelobisTvis. Tuki
qveyanaSi ver moiZebneba zneobrivi potenciali, raTa aborti
dasjadad gamocxaddes fexmZimobis mTeli periodis ganmavlobaSi,
maSin kanonma aucileblad unda daawesos kanonieri abortis
ganxorcielebis mkacri farglebi da embrioni dacvis obieqtad
gamoacxados ara Casaxvidan 12 kviris Semdeg, rogorc es dRemdea
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, aramed 6 kviris Semdeg, maSin, roca
fetusis fizionomia da organoTa ganviTareba ukve dasrulebulia
da misi gulis Zgera specialuri xelsawyoTi aSkarad ismineba.
meore msoflio omma uamravi xalxi imsxverpla, magram igive
droSi mSoblebis mier daxocil bavSvTa raodenoba bevrad
aRemateboda brZolis velze mowyvetil jariskacTa ricxvs.
Tanamedrove kacobriobis cxovrebaSi arsebuli es bneli mxare
saukeTesod cxadyofs, rom civilizacia daundoblobis eskalaciad
iqca. yvelgan gaismis mSvidobisken mowodeba, magram Cvens irgvliv
ara marto grZeldeba, aramed ufro metad mZvinvardeba es
sisxliani omi, romelmac msxverplis raodenobiT hunebisa da
monRolebis Semosevas, borotmoqmedebiT Temur-lengsa da Sah-abass,
xolo sisastikiT sakoncentracio banakebsa da jurRmulebSi myof
tiranebsa da jalaTebs gadaaWarba. am uxilavi omis msxveroli
gacilebiT didia, vidre yvela omis, mkvlelobisa da jalaTobis
erTad aRebuli. am danaSauliT ara mxolod RvTaebrivi, aramed
yvela adamianuri ufleba ilaxeba.1000
cocxali organizmi Casaxvis momentidanve warmoiSoba,
romelic ukve genetikuri kodisa da adamianis mTeli pirovnuli
potencialis matarebelia. eqsperimentulad ukve damtkicebulia,
rom nayofs rTuli da mizanmimarTuli reaqciebi gaaCnia garemo
pirobebze. es arseba tkivils ganicdis, sicocxlis survili aqvs
da rac qristianisTvis yvelaze mTavaria, adamianis ukvdavi suli
gaaCnia, romlis arasrulyofileba mxolod is aris, rom sxeuli _
es sulis instrumenti, ar aris formirebuli. amrigad, abortebis
dakanoneba yvela im zneobriv da iuridiul kodeqsebs arRvevs,
romlis safuZveli adamianis uflebebis dacvaa.
,,adamianis nayofs dacva esaWiroeba, rom igi, rogorc
momavali adamiani ganadgurebas ar eqvemdebarebodes. principuli
gansxvaveba nayofis mokvdinebasa da sxva saxis mkvlelobas Soris
ar arsebobs. abortebis daSveba an dausjeloba mSoblebs iseT
1000
ix. dvaliSvili n., statia, yvelaze patara dedis wiaRSi,
www.orthodoxy.ge/metsniereba/kvelaze_patara3.htm, 10.08.2011.
298
tiranul uflebebs aniWebs, romelic adamians jer ar hqonia,
tiranisa, romelsac SeuZlia Tavisi surviliT moklas an cocxali
datovos Tavisi qveSevrdomi. abortebis dausjeloba da im
zneobrivi kanonebis uqonloba, romliTac nayofi da misi
xelSeuvali ufleba sicocxleze daculi iqneba, yvela
deklaracias adamianis Rirsebisa da Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb,
TvalTmaqcobad da uazrobad aqcevs“.1001
aborti _ es aris mkvleloba mTeli cxra Tvis ganmavlobaSi.
kanonmdeblis mier unda moxdes fetusis statusis aRiareba,
rogorc saSvilosnoSi mcxovrebi adamianis da kanonis ZaliT mas
garantirebuli unda hqondes usafrTxod ganviTarebisa da
dabadebis ufleba.
,,xSirad, rodesac abortis gamarTleba surT, mizezad moaqvT
is faqti, rom bavSvi dabadebamde aris dedis sxeulis nawili da
dedas ufleba aqvs Tavis sxeuls ise moepyras, rogorc es mas
unda. aq aucilebelia aRiniSnos, rom upirveles yovlisa, adamians
qristianulad ar aqvs ufleba, sakuTar Tavs moepyras
survilisamebr, radgan Cveni sxeuli aris ,,taZari sulisa wmidisa“
da misi Sebilwva Seuracxyofs ufals“.1002
rac Seexeba dedis pasuxismgeblobas, kanonis ZaliT unda
moispos mosazreba, rom fetusi dedis sxeulis uuflebo nawilia.
marTalia, moralurad da qristianulad yovlad miuRebelia
abortis gakeTeba da daubadebeli Svilis ganzrax mkvleloba,
vinaidan mas Casaxvidan ukve suli gaaCnia, is, rac adamianis
sxeulis arc erT organos ar aqvs, Tumca kanonmdebeli ver dasjis
dedas orsulobis nebismier stadiaze ganxorcielebuli
abortisTvis. dedis mier abortis gakeTeba ukanonod unda
gamocxaddes roca orsulobis xangrZlivoba 6 Tves (24 kvira)
aRemateba, vinaidan 6 Tvis embrions (zogjer ufro patarasac)
dedis gareSe sicocxle SeuZlia.
iqneba Tu ara miRweuli sayovelTao konsensusi evTanaziis
aRiarebis an fetusis sicocxlis dacvis sakiTxze, es momavlis
saqmea. gausaZlisi sicocxlisgan sasikvdilod ganwiruli
adamianis xsna ufro humanuria, Tu sicocxlis Rirebulebis
uzenaesobis sayovelTaod cnoba, fetusisTvis dabadebuli
adamianis msgavsi uflebebis miniWeba da dacva, Tu misi dedis
sxeulis nawilad gamocxadeba, kidev didxans iqneba fiqrisa da
gansjis sagani.
1001
tukvaZe x., saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba abortis Sesaxeb, bioeTika,
1002
299
daskvna
bunebrivi sikvdili niSnavs sikvdils, oRond ara sxvisi xeliT. es

ukanaskneli SeiZleba ara mxolod qmedebis, aramed umoqmedobis
gamoc dadges. arsebobs adamianis, gansakuTrebiT eqimis movaleoba,
yvelaferi gaakeTos sicocxlis gadasarCenad.
evTanaziis yoveli SemTxveva eTikisa da samarTlis
poziciidan unda Sefasdes. kanoni erTnairad unda iyos rogorc
progresuli, ise zneobrivi.
sakiTxi, Tu ramdenad marTlzomieria uimedo avadmyofis
mxridan evTanaziis moTxovnis ufleba, ra samarTlebrivi
dasayrdeni aqvs sikvdilis uflebas sicocxlis uflebaSi da
rogor unda gadawydes RirebulebaTa konfliqti mxolod imis
mixedviT ar unda gadawydes, Tu romeli uflebaa sazogadod ufro
mniSvnelovani.
sakiTxis sworad SefasebisTvis aucilebelia gairkves, aris
Tu ara evTanaziis moTxovna bunebrivi, adamianis mier
marTlzomierad nagulvebi ufleba.
evTanaziis momxreTa mtkicebiT, rodesac adamiani ukurnebeli
daavadebis Sedegad intensiur da xangrZliv tanjvas ganicdis,
sicocxle misTvisac da misi axloblebisTvisac yovelgvar fass
kargavs, sazogadoebam esoden gawamebul adamians unda misces
sikvdilis ufleba.
amgvari xasiaTis mosazrebaTa safuZvelze Seqmnili
evTanaziis sazogadoebebi, agreTve kerZo pirebi, romelTac sjeraT
evTanaziis marTlzomiereba, adgenen evTanaziis dausjelobis
sxvadasxva gegmas. yvela am gegmaSi evTanaziis aRsasruleblad
Semdegi mTavari moTxovnebia wamoyenebuli:
1. ganukurnebeli seni da misi ukanaskneli stadia;
2. avadmyofobis survili _ mokvdes;
3. „sasikvdilo ganaCenis“ aRsruleba eqimis mier mas
Semdeg, roca avadmyofis mdgomareobas Seamowmebs sxva
eqimi (an eqimebi).
unda iTqvas, rom eqimis diagnozi ganukurnebel senze
SeiZleba araswori aRmoCndes. gamoricxuli ar aris, rom eqimebi
Secdnen da is, rac agoniad moeCvenaT, sinamdvileSi krizisi iyo.
amave dros dResac, rodesac adamianis reanimacias axerxeben,
rodesac sazRvari sikvdil-sicocxles Soris TiTqmis waSlilia,
sikvdilis piras myofi avadmyofic ki SeiZleba sikvdils
gadaurCes.
aseve arafris damamtkicebelia meore piroba _ avadmyofis
Tanxmoba. rogor davadginoT momakvdavis namdvili survili, rom
igi eloda sikvdils rogorc xsnas? SeiZleba avadmyofze
zegavlena moaxdines axloblebma, romlebsac mobezrdaT misi
movla, an SeiZleba mas Tavad ar surs Seawuxos es adamianebi.
amasTan, tkivilebiT gamwarebul adamians bevrjer SeiZleba
wamocdes mudara, rom moklan da amiT bolo mouRon mis tanjvas,
magram gana es misi namdvili nebis dadasturebaa?!
300
marTalia, evTanaziis momxreni moraluri motivebiT
xelmZRvaneloben da sulTmobrZavisTvis sikvdilis mijnis
umtkivneulod gavla surT, magram aviwydebaT, rom roca adamians
momakvdinebel iaraRs aZlev xelSi, amiT yovelTvis SeiZleba
isargeblos arakeTilsindisierma pirma da evTanazia borotad
gamoiyenos.
literaturaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebis sawinaaRmdegod unda
iTqvas, rom RvTisagan boZebuli sicocxlea da ara sikvdil-
sicocxlis arCevani. adamians ufleba aqvs, uari Tqvas
sicocxleze da es misi gadasawyvetia. nebismieri iZuleba daarRvevs
misi fizikuri xelSeuxeblobis uflebas. Tumca arc mas da arc
saxelmwifos ar aqvs ufleba, kanonis ZaliT ufleba misces sxva
adamians, Caidinos miutevebeli codva, Tundac didi TanagrZnobis
gamo.
sicocxle adamianis uzenaesi uflebaa, mxolod adamiania
sakuTari sicocxlis mflobeli da ganmkargavi, amitomacaa rom
TviTmkvleloba kanoniT ar isjeba. adamians SeuZlia arCevani
gaakeTos sakuTar sicocxlesa da sikvdils Soris, Tumca sxva
sakiTxia, aqvs Tu ara ufleba sxvas, Tundac piris TanxmobiTa da
daJinebuli TxovniT, daaCqaros sikvdili.
aqtiuri evTanaziis legalizeba sruliad miuRebelia, pasiuri
evTanazia ki avadmyofis uflebaa da mas veravin aiZulebs,
imkurnalos maSin, roca mas mkurnaloba, an misi gagrZeleba ar
surs. is, rasac pasiur evTanazias eZaxian, mTels msoflioSi, maT
Soris saqarTveloSic, aRiarebulia.
vinaidanNsaqarTvelos kanonmdebloba praqtikulad scnobs
pasiur evTanazias, aucilebelia misi swori samarTlebrivi
regulireba. saqarTvelos ssk-is 110-e muxlis Sinaarsi unda
dazustdes, muxlis teqstSi unda Caiweros, rom akrZalulia ara
zogadad evTanazia, aramed aqtiuri evTanazia. saqarTvelos kanonSi
,,janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb“ zedmiwevniT zustad da
Tanmimdevrulad unda gaiweros kanonieri pasiuri evTanaziis
ganxorcielebis wesi da procedura. avadmyofisTvis mkurnalobis
Sewyvetis procedura mkacrad unda gakontroldes pasuxismgebeli
saxelmwifo organos mier.
sicocxlis uzenaes Rirebulebad miCneva TiToeuli
sicocxlis ganumeoreblobas emyareba da igi, uwinaresad, im
individisTvisaa yvelaze didi Rirebuleba, visac is ekuTvnis.
swored amitom sicocxlis gankargvis ufleba, mxolod mis
mflobels aqvs da aravin sxvas, Tumca evTanazia ar unda iqnas
gagebuli, rogorc sicocxlis gankargvis ufleba, romelic
warmoSobs sxva piris valdebulebas, aRasrulos sicocxlis
mflobelis survili sikvdilis dadgomis Taobaze.
TviT aqtiuri evTanaziis ganmaxorcielebeli piric
moralurad msxverplia, axorcielebs evTanazias da Semdgom mTeli
cxovrebis manZilze am codviT uwevs cxovreba.
aqtiuri evTanaziis dakanonebas gamousworebeli Sedegebi
SeiZleba mohyves. kanonmdeblobiT evTanaziis srulyofilad
gawerili sistemiT ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSic ki, SeuZlebelia
301
imis mtkiceba, rom evTanaziis aqti Seucdomlad da yovelgvari
riskis gareSe Catardeba. sicocxlesTan mimarTebaSi daSvebuli
nebismieri Secdoma fataluria, radgan xelyofili sicocxlis
aRdgena SeuZlebelia. aseve ver gamoiricxeba am uflebis borotad
gamoyeneba.
samarTlebrivad ,,sicocxlis ufleba“ ar gulisxmobs
,,sikvdilis uflebasac“, Sesabamisad, kanonmdebels ar SeuZlia,
sikvdilis uflebis erTpirovnulad aRiareba. adamiani sakuTar
sicocxles Tavad ganagebs da mas ufleba aqvs, nebismier dros
Sewyvitos igi TviTmkvlelobis aqtiT, Tumca es ar niSnavs sxva
adamianis uflebas an movaleobas, daexmaros mas am miznis
miRwevaSi.
mimaCnia, rom formulireba ,,sikvdilis ufleba”
gaumarTlebelia, vinaidan sikvdilis uflebis mqone adamiani aseve
iZens uflebas, mosTxovos mesame pirs, aRasrulos misi ufleba
sikvdilze, rac faqtobrivad akanonebs mkvlelobas sibralulis
motiviT. ufro sworad unda CaiTvalos Semdegi terminiT
sargebloba ,,adamianis ufleba, mokvdes Rirseulad”.
aqtiuri evTanaziis aRiarebis SemTxvevaSi, misi gamoyeneba
eqimis ara marto ufleba, aramed profesiuli movaleoba gaxdeba.
msgavsi movaleobis Sesrulebis winaaRmdegi ki uamravi
(gansakuTrebiT morwmune) eqimi iqneba, amasTan, aRniSnuli pirdapir
ewinaaRmdegeba hipokrates fics da zogadad, eqimis profesiis
daniSnulebas.
hipokrates ficSi pirdapir aris Cawerili Semdegi sityvebi:
,,vficav, rom aravis mivcem sasikvdilo wamals, Tuki amas mTxoven,
arc msgavs saqciels vurCev aravis“.1003 gamomdinare aqedan, kanons
ar aqvs ufleba, daavaldebulos eqimi, sicocxle mouspos sxvas.
eqimis erTaderTi valdebulebaa, yvela SesaZlo da kanonieri
saSualebiT Seamsubuqos avadmyofis tanjva.
evTanazia gaumarTlebelia iuridiuli TvalsazrisiT, radgan
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac eqimi kiboTi daavadebul uimedo avadmyofs
momakvdinebel nemss ukeTebs, obieqturad sikvdils iwvevs ara
TviT avadmyofoba, aramed avadmyofisTvis eqimis mier gakeTebuli
nemsi, maSin rodesac sisxlis samarTlSi aRiarebulia, rom
adamianis sicocxle daculia dabadebis procesidan mis
biologiur gardacvalebamde.
evTanaziis dros, SecdomiT mospobili Tundac erTi
sicocxle sakmarisia, raTa kanonmdebelma uari ganacxados
evTanaziaze.
mimaCnia, rom nebismier sazogadoebaSi, sadac adamianis
sicocxle upirveles faseulobas warmoadgens, arasodes iarsebebs
sazogadoebis mxridan aqtiuri evTanaziis dakanonebis moTxovna.
evTanazia bunebrivi sikvdilis uaryofaa. nebismieri
argumenti umtkivneulo da tanjvisagan gamaTavisuflebeli tkbili
sikvdilis sasargeblod, ver gadaswonis im saswors, romlis meore
fialaze zneoba da adamianuroba devs. erTi adamianis mier
1003
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocratic_Oath#Oath_text, Hippocratic Oath, Oath text, 18.04.2011.
302
meorisTvis sikvdilis moswrafeba umZimesi codvaa samyaros winaSe
civilizaciis nebismier safexurze. sazogadoebam ar unda dauSvas,
rom Tanamedrove epoqam, samedicino-teqnikurma progresma Secvalon
adamianuri Rirebulebebis buneba. sikvdilic Rirseuli unda iyos,
es ki SesaZlebelia momakvTan adamianuri damokidebulebiT, misTvis
tkivilisa da tanjvis SemsubuqebiT. Tanamedrove medicinas ZaluZs
avadmyofisTvis tkivilis moxsna an mniSvnelovnad Semsubuqeba da
Tu es ver xerxdeba, eqimi unda Seecados, marTos avadmyofis
tkivili da misi emociuri mdgomareoba.
evTanaziis legalizacia SeiZleba fsiqologiuri muxruWi
gaxdes, mZime avadmyofTa mkurnalobis ufro efeqturi
saSualebebis Zebnisa da diagnostikis saqmeSi.
zogadad autaneli fizikuri tkivilis daTrgunva an/da misi
amqveyniur satanjvelad miReba, adamians metad uWirs da igi am
tkivilisgan gaTavisuflebis nebismier xerxze Tanxmobas acxadebs,
Tumca holandiis praqtikam cxadyo, rom es ,,seni sicocxlis
gankargvisa” momxibvlelad gadamdebia.
adamianisTvis Zalian Znelia uyuros momakvdavs, romelsac
verafriT Svelis, Tumca ufro didi borotebaa, Tundac sneulis
daJinebuli moTxovniT, erTma adamianma meoris ,,tkbilad
mokvdineba“ ganaxorcielos maSin, roca am ukanasknelis amqveynad
movlinebaSi evTanaziis ganmaxorcielebels wvlili ar miuZRvis.
vinaidan adamianTa modgmis gaCenaSi, adamians yvelaze
naklebad miuZRvis wvlili, adamianis am cxovrebidan wasvlaSic ar
unda Caerios da aRniSnuli isev mis Semqmnels unda miandos.
adamians Zalian surs Tavi ufals gautolos. Aadamianis
sicocxlis sawyisisa da misi dasasrulis Sedegis Ziebac swored
amiT aixsneba. evTanaziasTan mimarTebaSi, misi legalizebiT
adamianis sikvdil-sicocxlis sakiTxis gadawyvetiT, Aadamians
eqmneba iluzia ufals gautoldes, rac albaT misi egoizmis da
ampartavnebis dakmayofilebasac emsaxureba.
rogorc miuRebelia sicocxlis mospoba adamianisTvis,
Tundac mZime avadmyofisTvis, aseve miuRebeli unda iyos fetusis
sicocxlis mospobac. gaumarTlebelia sicocxlis, janmrTelobis
an piradi cxovrebis daculobis uflebebisaTvis prioritetis
miniWeba fetusis sicocxlis uflebasTan mimarTebiT, vinaidan
adamianis umTavresi Rirebuleba _ sicocxle swored embrionidan,
fetusidan iwyeba. udavoa, rom fetusi sicocxlis sawyisia,
cocxali arsebaa, romelic adamianur modgmas ganekuTvneba.
Casaxvis momentidan fetuss suli gaaCnia da mas sicocxleze
iseTive ufleba aqvs, rogorc dabadebul adamians.
adamianurobis sawyisis dacvis gareSe adamianis dacva
srulfasovani verasodes iqneba. fetusis sicocxlis ufleba
adamianis sicocxlis uflebisagan ganuyofelia, swored amitom
aris aucilebeli fetusis sicocxlis uflebis aRiareba da
sakanonmdeblo dacva.
Tuki vaRiarebT, rom fetusi aris adamianuri arseba, Canasaxis
sicocxlis uflebaze uaris TqmiT, uars veubnebiT adamians
303
dabadebaze. ar SeiZleba metismetad araTanazomieri samarTlebrivi
mopyroba dabadebuli da daubadebeli sicocxlisadmi.
,,adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis
konvenciis“ me-2 muxlis pirveli winadadeba, romelic ,,yvelas“
sicocxlis uflebas icavs, teqstualurad ara Tu ar gamoricxavs
imis SesaZleblobas, rom masSi fetusis sicocxlis uflebac
igulisxmebodes (rogorc es aRiarebulia literaturaSi), aramed
piriqiT, es teqsti swored ase unda iqnas gagebuli, raTa daculi
iyo yvelas sicocxle, yvela adamianis sicocxle, romelsac suli
gaaCnia, iqneba is ukve dabadebuli, Tu samomavlod dasabadebeli.
sicocxlis cneba unda moicavdes rogorc dabadebul, ise
daubadebel sococxles. fetusis dacvis dros saqme exeba jer
kidev daubadebel adamians, romelic jer araa sazogadoebis wevri,
xolo evTanaziis dros saqme exeba ukve sazogadoebis wevrs,
amitom aqtiuri evTanazia, Tundac nebayoflobiTi, dasjadia da
asec unda iyos, xolo aborti kanoniT dadgenil farglebSi
dasaSvebia.
faqtia, rom dResdReobiT fetusis sicocxle qarTuli
kanonmdeblobiT saTanadod daculi ar aris, vinaidan ar arsebobs
ssk-Si calke danaSauli, romlis sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis
obieqti uSualod fetusis sicocxle iqneboda.
qarTuli kanonmdebloba fetusis dacvis TavlsazrisiT
dasaxvewia, vinaidan masTan mimarTebiT uamravi pasuxgaucemeli
kiTxva dagrovda. aucilebelad mimaCnia, rac SeiZleba swrafad
amoivsos fetusis samarTlebriv mdgomareobasTan, mis
samarTlebriv statutsTan da kanonis mier fetusis sicocxlis
dacvasTan dakavSirebuli samarTlebrivi vakuumi.
gasaziarebelia literaturaSi gamoTqmuli mosazreba imis
Sesaxeb, rom sicocxlis uflebis subieqtia yoveli adamiani.
amasTan, qalis organizmSi spermatozoidiT kvercxujredis
ganayofierebis Sedegad warmoSobil nayofs (embrions) aqvs ara
mxolod Rirseba, aramed, imavdroulad, aseve aqvs sicocxlis
ufleba, radgan swored am momentidan iwyeba Tanamimdevruli
biologiuri ganviTarebis procesi, romelis ganmavlobaSic ukve
sakuTari, konkretuli individualobis mqone sicocxle
TandaTanobiT adamianis saxes iZens. swored ganayofierebis
Sedegad warmoSobili fetusis mimarT iwyeba saxelmwifos
valdebuleba _ daicvas adamianis sicocxle.
Casaxvis momentidan fetusi yvelasagan gansxvavebuli,
Taviseburi da Semdeg dabadebuli adamianis identuri individia,
rac kidev erTxel iZleva imis utyuar safuZvels, rom aRiarebul
iqnas misi sicocxlis ufleba.
Casaxvis momentidan fetusi aris damoukidebeli arseba,
momavali adamiani, rasac adasturebs is faqti, rom mas SeiZleba
hqondes dedisgan gansxvavebuli sqesi, kanis feri, Tmis feri da
TviT sisxlis jgufic ki, e.i. fetusi yoveli adamianis sawyisia,
uromlisodac adamiani amqveynad ver moevlineba. swored amitom
aris aucilebeli, fetusis samarTlebrivi statusi Rirseulad
ganisazRvros rogorc saerTaSorisosamarTlebriv doneze, ise
304
Sidasaxelmwifoebriv doneze da moxdes misi, rogorc potenciuri
adamianis sicocxlis uflebis realuri dacva.
abortis ganviTarebam gamoiwvia organoebis transplantacia
da xelovnuri gaaxalgazrdaveba abortirebuli Cvilebis
qsovilebiT da fermentebiT. Casaxuli da daubadebeli sicocxlis
daucvelad datoveba praqtikulad aseTi operaciebisTvis
Tavisuflebis micemas niSnavs, rac Tavis mxriv, sicocxlis
gaufasurebas gamoiwvevs da male sazogadoeba organoebis
misaRebad Catarebul abortebSi borotebas da danaSauls veRar
dainaxavs.
,,fetusis sicocxlis ufleba” sicocxlis uflebisgan
ganuyofelia. sicocxlis cneba unda moicavdes rogorc
dabadebul, ise daubadebel sicocxles. Sesabamisad, ,,sicocxlis
uflebis” cneba orive am komponents unda ukavSirdebodes.
qalis sxeulSi ganayofierebis Sedegad warmoSobil nayofs
ukve aqvs sicocxlis ufleba. fetusis sicocxlis ufleba
adamianis sicocxlis uflebisgan ar unda iqnas xelovnurad
mowyvetili. igi kanonis mier daculi unda iqnas ara marto
abortis liberalizaciisgan, aramed sxvagvari qmedebebisganac,
romelmac SeiZleba misi sikvdili ganapirobos.
vTvli, rom kanonmdeblis loialobam mkvleli dedis mimarT,
roca orsulma qalma zustad icis, rom abortis gakeTebis
SemTxvevaSi, igi arc erT SemTxvevaSi ar daisjeba, misi mxridan
abortis gakeTebis waxalisebasac SeiZleba Seuwyos xeli.
dauSvebelia fetusis mokvdineba Sefasdes rogorc mxolod
dedisTvis miyenebuli fizikuri ziani, vinaidan fetuss
damoukidebeli suli, damoukidebeli sicocxle gaaCnia, igi dacvis
damoukidebeli obieqti unda iyos da ara mxolod dedis
janmrTelobis nawili, amitom mis winaaRmdeg Cadenili qmedebas
sicocxlis (daubadebeli) winaaRmdeg Cadenili danaSaulis
kvalifikacia unda mieces.
fetusis aRiarebaze uaris Tqma, adamianis sawyisis uaryofaa,
radgan fetusi WeSmaritad aris adamianis sawyisi, pirveli forma.
radganac saxelmwifom sicocxlis ufleba absolutur uflebad
aRiara, unda moaxdinos misi yvela formis, maT Soris sawyisis
(fetusis) srulyofili dacva.
fetusi ar aris dedis sxeulis ubralo nawili, uuflebo
arseba, igi damoukidebeli, axali sicocxlea, daubadebeli
adamiania. rogorc saerTaSorisosamarTlebriv, ise
SidasamarTlebriv doneze, aucileblad unda iqnas dadgenili
fetusis samarTlebrivi statusi, unda iqnas aRiarebuli misi,
rogorc momavali adamianis ufleba sicocxlesa da normalur
ganviTarebaze da mis winaaRmdeg Cadenili danaSauli, unda
ganixilebodes, rogorc danaSauli, Cadenili daubadebeli
adamianis winaaRmdeg.
mimaCnia, rom saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 133-e
muxlSi unda Sevides mTeli rigi cvlilebebi fetusis
sisxlissamarTlebriv dacvasTan mimarTebaSi:
305
 aborti ukanonod unda CaiTvalos, roca orsulobis
xangrZlivoba 6 kviras (42 dRe) aRemateba;
 danaSauli damTavrebulad unda CaiTvalos im
momentidan, rodesac qirurgis samedicino xelsawyo
dedis saSoSi Seva fetusis gamosadevnad da fetuss
daazianebs, rac misi daRupvis mizezi gaxdeba,
miuxedavad imisa, piri (specialuri subieqtis
SemTxvevaSi eqimi) nayofs qalis organizmidan mTlianad
gamodevnis Tu ara;
 muxlis pirveli nawilisTvis sasjelis saxed unda
ganisazRvros jarima an sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo
Sroma vadiT asidan oras ormoc saaTamde an
gamasworebeli samuSao vadiT erTidan or wlamde, an
Tavisuflebis aRkveTa vadiT erT wlamde, Tanamdebobis
dakavebis an saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeva vadiT erT
wlamde; muxlis meore nawilis SemTxvevaSi _
Tavisuflebis aRkveTa vadiT samidan xuT wlamde,
CamorTmeviT vadiT sam wlamde, xolo mesame nawilis
SemTxvevaSi _ Tavisuflebis aRkveTa vadiT xuTidan
Svid wlamde, Tanamdebobis dakavebis an saqmianobis
uflebis CamorTmeviT vadiT xuT wlamde.
saqarTvelos kanonSi ,,janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb“ zustad
unda gaiweros is gamonaklisi SemTxvevebi, ra drosac SesaZlebeli
iqneba fetusis sicocxlis uflebis SezRudva, misi ganviTarebis
nebismier etapze. aseTad xuTi piroba mimaCnia:
1. rodesac aucilebelia orsulobis Sewyveta dedis
sicocxlisa da janmrTelobisTvis realuri da
seriozuli safrTxis Tavidan asacileblad (maT Soris
qalisTvis kibos sawinaaRmdego mkurnalobis
Casatareblad);
2. rodesac arsebobs avadmyofi, fizikuri an fsiqikuri
naklis mqone axalSobilis dabadebis saSiSroeba;
3. nayofis seriozuli embrionaluri defeqtis gamo,
arsebobs samedicino daskvna, rom bavSvi mSobiarobis
procesSi an dabadebidan umokles periodSi daiRupeba;
4. abortis gakeTeba gaupatiurebis msxverplis mimarT,
roca fetusi gaupatiurebis Sedegad Caisaxa da misi
arseboba dedisTvis gadaulaxavi fsiqologiuri
barieri xdeba da safrTxe eqmneba qalis fsiqikur
janmrTelobas; gaupatiurebis faqtis dasabuTebisTvis
sakmarisad unda iqnas miCneuli sisxlissamarTlebrivi
devnis dawyeba da ara sasamarTlos gamamtyunebeli
ganaCeni, vinaidan saqmis warmoeba da ganxilva SeiZleba
did xans gagrZeldes da am droSi SesaZloa an abortis
gakeTeba dagviandes, an bavSvi daibados, an qalma
sakuTar Tavs raime dauSavos. swored amitom sjobs
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebis faqti
306
gaupatiurebis faqtze sakmarisad CaiTvalos abortis
gasakeTeblad.
5. Tu arsebobs realuri da dasabuTebuli riski, rom
qali orsulobis gamo, TviTmkvlelobas
ganaxorcielebs (msgavsi survili ZiriTadad Zaladobis
msxverpl qalebs uCndebaT).
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis didi naklia, rom igi aRiarebs
abortis uflebas samedicino da socialuri Cvenebebis arsebobisas,
magram arsad ar iZleva abortis socialuri Cvenebis CamonaTvals.
Sesabamisad, kanonmdebelma zustad unda gansazRvros abortis
socialuri Cvenebebi da droulad moaxdinos misi samarTlebrivi
regulireba.
saqarTvelos ssk-is 43-e muxlis me-3 nawili SesaZleblobas
iZleva, qmedebis ssk-is 109-e muxlis me-2 nawilis ,,a“ qvepunqtiT
(ganzrax mkvleloba damnaSavisaTvis winaswari SecnobiT orsuli
qalisa) kvalifikaciis SemTxvevaSi, damnaSavis mimarT damatebiTi
sasjelis saxiT gamoyenebul iqnas Tanamdebobis dakavebis an
saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeva imis miuxedavad, rom sasjelis es
saxe ssk-is 109-e muxlis sanqciaSi araa gaTvaliswinebili.
aRniSnuli metad mniSvnelovania sazogadoebis interesebis
dacvisTvis, vinaidan Tanamdebobis dakavebis an saqmianobis
uflebis CamorTmeva, erTi mxriv, saeqimo saqmianobas CamoaSorebs
damnaSave eqims, xolo meore mxriv, samagaliTo iqneba sxvaTaTvis,
raTa ar Caidinon msgavsi danaSauli.
saqarTvelos ssk-is, mosaxleobis janmrTelobisa da
sazogadoebrivi zneobis winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaulTa TavSi
unda daematos muxli, romelic uSualod fetusis sicocxlisa da
ganviTarebis uflebas daicavs _ ,,fetusis sicocxlisa da
ganviTarebis xelyofa, Cadenili fetusis matarebeli dedis mier“:
 danaSaulis uSualo obieqtad unda gamocxaddes
fetusis sicocxle da misi ganviTareba, damatebiT
obieqtad dedis sicocxle da janmrTeloba;
 danaSaulis subieqtad unda gamocxaddes fetusis
matarebeli deda;
 dedis sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba unda
dadges srulwlovanebidan (18 weli);
 dedis mxridan abortis gakeTeba dasjadad unda
gamocxaddes, roca orsulobis xangrZlivoba 6 Tves (24
kvira) aRemateba (vinaidan 6 Tvis fetuss deda
obieqturad ukve daubadebel bavSvad aRiqvams, amasTan,
6 Tvis fetuss dedis sxeulis gareSec SeuZlia
damoukideblad sicocxlis gagrZeleba);
 danaSauli damTavrebulad unda CaiTvalos dedis
mxridan fetusis sicocxlis an ganviTarebis xelyofis
momentidan (roca igi orsulobis 6 Tvis mere gaikeTebs
ukanono aborts, ganaxorcielebs TviTaborts an
TviTabortis mcdelobis dros, fetuss daazianebs
imgvarad, rom safrTxis qveS dadgeba misi normaluri
ganviTareba);
307
 muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis
Cadenis SemTxvevaSi, sanqciad unda ganisazRvros jarima
an sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo Sroma vadiT as
saaTamde an gamasworebeli samuSao vadiT erT wlamde
an Tavisuflebis aRkveTa vadiT eqvsi Tvidan sam
wlamde; meore nawilis SemTxvevaSi (igive qmedeba
Cadenili am danaSaulisaTvis msjavrdebulis mier) _
jarima an sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo Sroma vadiT
asidan oras saaTamde an gamasworebeli samuSao vadiT
erTidan or wlamde an Tavisuflebis aRkveTa vadiT
erTidan xuT wlamde.
cxadia, fetusis sicocxlis absoluturi uflebis dakanoneba
swori ar iqneba. misi dacvis xarisxi ver gauTanabrdeba
dabadebuli sicocxlis daculobis xarisxs, igi verasodes
isargeblebs absoluturi dacviT RirebulebaTa konfliqtis dros,
maT Soris, dedis sicocxlisa da janmrTlebis dacvis interesTan
dapirispirebisas. swored amitom mimaCnia, rom aRiarebuli unda
iqnas fetusis sicocxlis SezRuduli ufleba da unda dawesdes
misi dacvis minimaluri standartebi.
ar SeiZleba arsebobdes iseTi valdebuleba, romlis
Tanaxmadac, qali iZulebuli iqneboda, Tavis sicocxleze maRla
bavSvis sicocxle daeyenebina, magram im SemTxvevaSi, Tu qalma
TviTSewirva gadawyvita, rac SesabamisobaSi modis siyvarulis
uzenaes kanonTan, ra Tqma unda, am SemTxvevaSi es ukanaskneli
aRmatebuli Zalis mqone iqneba.
dauSvebelia udanaSaulo adamianis mkvleloba, ganurCevlad
imisa, dabadebulia igi Tu daubadebeli.
evTanazia _ es aris Zaladoba sicocxleze, xolo aborti _
Zaladoba daubadebeli adamianis sicocxleze.
sicocxlis xelyofas, cocxal sulze Zaladobas adamiani
yvelaze mTavari adamianuri Tvisebebis amputirebisken miyavs, rasac
Sedegad adamianis suli ewireba, yvelaze saSineli ki
amputirebuli sulia, vinaidan misi proTeziT Secvla SeuZlebelia.
bolos, mTavari argumenti is aris, rom adamianis sicocxle
absolutur Rirebulebas warmoadgens. igi daculia im momentidan,
rodesac adamiani dedis saSodan ibadeba, im dromde, vidre igi
mokvdeba; daculia imisda miuxedavad, Tu rogor afasebs
sazogadoeba am pirovnebas, imisda miuxedavad, srulfasovania igi,
Tu ara. dauSvebelia adamianis sicocxlis gaufasureba, vinaidan
aRniSnuli yvela sxva Rirebulebis gaufasurebis sawindari
gaxdeba.
yvela adamians gaaCnia sakuTari sicocxlis gankargvis
ufleba, Tumca es ufleba aqtiuri evTanaziis uflebas ar
gulisxmobs. sicocxlis gankargvis ufleba mxolod mas aqvs, visac
igi ekuTvnis da am uflebis sxvisTvis arc gadacema da arc
uflebis ganxorcielebis sxvisTvis davaldebuleba ar SeiZleba
aRiarebul iqnas kanoniT.
dabadebuli sicocxlis gankargvis ufleba mxolod mis
mflobels aqvs, xolo daubadebelisa _ mis matarebels.
308
sicocxlis ufleba erTnairad aqvs rogorc dabadebul, ise
daubadebel sicocxles, gansxvaveba mxolod mis gankargvaSia,
swored amitom dauSvebelia aqtiuri evTanaziis uflebis
dakanoneba, romelic sicocxlis gankargvas gulisxmobs sxvisTvis
valdebulebis dakisrebis xarjze da fetusis sicocxlis uflebis
SezRudvis mimarT liberaluri damokidebuleba, romelic
daubadebel adamians sicocxlis uflebas arTmevs.
309
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vadastureb, rom Cems mier warmodgenili Tema asocirebul

profesor, qalbaton nona Toduas xelmZRvanelobiT Sevasrule
damoukideblad da naSromSi gamoyenebuli yvela wyaro
saTanadodaa miTiTebuli.
CemTvis cnobilia iuridiuli fakultetis doqtoranturis

debuleba da is Sedegebi, rac SeiZleba mohyves araswori
monacemebis wardgenas.
Tamar sadraZe __________________________
325

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avtoris stili daculia

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis

evTanazia da fetusis sisxlissamarTlebrivi

sadisertacio naSromi wardgenilia

Tavi 1. evTanaziis cneba, warmoSoba, arsi, mniSvneloba, saxeebi,

Tavi 2. evTanaziis SedarebiT-samarTlebrivi daxasiaTeba ................................................. 38

Tavi 3. evTanazia qarTuli kanonmdeblobis mixedviT..............................................................80

Tavi 4. evTanaziis zneobriv-eTikuri problemebi ......................................................................... 95

Tavi 6. fetusis sicocxlis ufleba; fetusi, rogorc samarTlis

Tavi 7. fetusis samarTlebrivi dacva da abortis ufleba

Tavi 8. fetusis sicocxlis ufleba da samarTlebrivi statusi

Tavi 9. fetusis sicocxlis uflebis dacvis moralur-zneobrivi da

daskvna ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 300

bibliografia ..................................................................................................................................................................... 310

ssk _ sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi

1.1. evTanaziis cneba, warmoSoba, arsi, mniSvneloba

mosaxleoba Sedgeba garkveuli fizikuri organizaciisa da

1.2. evTanaziis saxeebi

evTanazia SeiZleba ganxorcieldes ,,pacientis TanxmobiT,

1.3. evTanaziis legalurad aRiarebuli sistemebi

msoflioSi evTanaziis mimarT damokidebulebis TvalsazrisiT

evTanaziis, rogorc sicocxlesa da sikvdils Soris arCevanis

sicocxlis uflebis farTo ganmarteba moicavs iseT

Tavi 2. evTanaziis SedarebiT-samarTlebrivi daxasiaTeba

2.1. qveynebi, sadac kanoniT akrZalulia evTanazia

evTanaziis aqtualobis miuxedavad, jer kidev ar aris

2.1.1. evTanazia ruseTis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT

,,evTanazia akrZalulia ruseTSi. ruseTis ssk-Si ar aris calke

2.1.2. evTanazia safrangeTis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT

franguli kanonmdeblobiT evTanazia bolo dromde ikrZaleboda

2.1.3. evTanazia germaniis federaciuli respublikis

meore msoflio omis periodSi faSisturi germaniis mier

directives in Germany and Israel,

2.1.4. evTanazia didi britaneTis kanonmdeblobis

did britaneTSi evTanaziis legalizaciis problema XIX

2.1.5. evTanazia italiis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT

,,kaTolikur italiaSi sityva ,,evTanazia“ popularuli ar aris,

2.2. qveynebi, sadac kanoniT nebadarTulia evTanazia

,,saxelmwifoTa umravlesobaSi, adamianis sicocxlis xelyofa

pirveli qveyana, romelmac evTanazia daakanona, holandia iyo.

245gociriZe e., statia, sicocxlis dasawyisi da dasasruli: fetusisa da

2.2.2. evTanazia belgiis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT

,,meore qveyana, sadac 2002 wels daSvebul iqna evTanazia, iyo

evTanaziis mimarT qarTul sazogadoebriv cnobierebaSi

280wulaia z., danaSauli adamianis winaaRmdeg, Tb., 2000, 50.

290avtorTa koleqtivi, sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili, wigni I, meoTxe

Tavi 4. evTanaziis zneobriv-eTikuri problemebi

4.1. evTanaziasTan dakavSirebuli zneobriv-eTikuri problemebis

,,principi `ar avno~ iseve Zvelia, rogorc TviT medicina. am

363gegeSiZe d., dasax. statia, 36-37.

374javaSvili g., kiknaZe g., dasax. naSr., 75.

programaSic iqnas Setanili evTanazia da transplataciebiT

4.3. paliatiuri mzrunveloba

,,XXI saukunis damdegi aRiniSna mosaxleobis globaluri

4.3.2. paliatiuri mzrunveloba ganviTarebul

prioritetebi msoflioSi cxra

2003 wels evrosabWom gamosca

paliatiuri ganxorcielebis ganxor- ganmaxorcielebeli dakavebuli dafinansebis

,,miRweuli Sedegebis miuxedavad, samwuxarod, unda aRiniSnos,

evTanaziis sakiTxi kacobriobis civilizaciis dasawyisidanve iyo

4.4.1. evTanaziis momxreTa argumentebi

,,1623 wels frensis bekonma wamoWra evTanaziis problema da

4.4.2. evTanaziis mowinaaRmdegeTa argumentebi

,,evTanaziis mowinaaRmdgeTa erTsulovan azrs saTaveSi