N@WDQ@F WEFI@CUNU@F

WDNLW ZEQRLK
0. Kdfsep
Kdfsep I`s`r
I`s`r

`. Wefoer
Wefoertl`
tl`f
f
Wdnlp `i`n`c su`tu pertuhauc`f `t`u tuhdr y`fo aert`fok`l p`i`
hukds` rdfoo` tuauc y`fo tuhauc hefdfmdn i`f h`suk kei`n`h nuhef.
Y`fok`l i`p`t sehplt (peiufjun`tei) `t`u nea`r (sesslne
sesslne)) (C`hlntdf, 0<<5).
Wdnlp servlks `i`n`c tuhdr kejln y`fo heh`fm`fo y`fo tuhauc il
necer
necer r`clh.
r`clh.Zer
Zervlk
vlkss `i`n`c
`i`n`c k`f`n
k`f`n sehplt
sehplt il a`ol`f
a`ol`f a`w`c
a`w`c r`clh
r`clh y`fo
y`fo
hehaeft`fo ke i`n`h v`olf`.Zervlks hefocuaufok`f rdfoo` r`clh i`f
a`ol`f `t`s v`olf`.Lfl aerbufosl sea`o`l m`n`f a`ol sperh`
uftuk hehau`cl sen tenur, y`fo als` aer`kla`t p`i` kec`hln`f.Zen`h`

pers`nlf`f, servlks hefm`il nealc tlpls i`f nealc nea`r.C`n lfl

hehufoklfk`f a`yl henew`tl m`n`f n`clr.Wdnlp `i`n`c struktur r`puc y`fo
tuhauc i`rl t`fok`l y`fo aer`k`r p`i` perhuk``f servlks `t`u a`ol`f
i`n`h k`f`n servlks. Mlk` sesedr`fo hehlnlkl pdnlp, al`s`fy` c`fy` `i`
s`tu pdnlp, i`f iu` `t`u tlo` p`nlfo a`fy`k (Jufflfoc`h.,et `n. 1775).
a. Etldnd
Etldndol
ol
Wefyea`a pdnlp servlk heurut K`tz (1701) y`ltu =
0) Qespdf
Qespdf y`fo `afdrh
`afdrh`n
`n seclfo
seclfoo`
o` heflfo
heflfok`t
k`tk`f
k`f cdrhdfe
cdrhdfe ekstrd
ekstrdoef
oef
p`i` w`flt`

We
Wefl
flfo
fok`
k`t`
t`f
f k`i`
k`i`rr cdrh
cdrhdf
df w`fl
w`flt`
t`,, esestr
trdo
doef
ef,, al
al`s
`s`f
`fy`
y`
hefy
hefyert
ert`l
`l ke
kec`
c`hl
hln`
n`f,
f, sl
slkn
knus
us es
estru
truss i`
i`f
f pe
perlrldi
diee pe
perl
rlhe
hefd
fdp`
p`us
use,
e,
sep`fm`fo h`s` cliup sedr`fo w`flt`. K`i`r als` heflfok`t ser`tus
k`nl nlp`t sen`h` kec`hln`f.Lfl hufoklf hehlnlkl ebek hefi`n`h p`i`
perkeha`fo`f pdnlp servlks. Il slsl n`lf, nlfokufo`f muo` als` hefm`il
suhaer z`t hlrlp estrdoef sepertl xefdestrdoef sepertl y`fo iltehuk`f
p`i` i`olfo dn`c`f i`f prdiuk susu.
s usu. Zen`lf ltu, estrdoef klhl` i`p`t
hefj
hefjeh
eh`r
`rll h`k`
h`k`f`
f`f
f y`
y`fo
fo ilp`
ilp`f`
f`sk
sk`f
`f i`
i`n`
n`h
h w`i`
w`i`c
c pn
pn`st
`stlk
lk `t
`t`u
`u
styrdbd`h, i`n`h c`n lfl, pdnusl ui`r` i`rl pctc`n`te il pefyeo`r ui`r`.
 1) Lf
Lfbn
bn`h
`h`sl
`sl y`f
y`fo
o krdf
krdflk
lk
Ze
Zerv
rvlk
lkss y`fo
y`fo her`
her`i`
i`fo
fo ke
kehe
her`
r`c`
c`f
f i`
i`f
f nljl
nljlf.
f.Ae
Aeae
aer`
r`p`
p`
pefyea`a y`fo ilket`cul
ilket`cul i`rl c`n lfl `i`n`c=

`) Lfbeksl= a`kterl, r`ol, m`hur i`f vlrus, hls`nfy`, kutln i`f lfbeksl
CWR (muo` pefyea`a k`fker servlks)
a) Kec`hln`f, keouour`f, `adrsl
Wehe
Weherl
rlks
ks``
``f
f pe
penv
nvls
ls ae
aerk
rk`n
`n`` il
il`f
`fmu
murk
rk`f
`f sea`o
sea`o`l
`l tlfi
tlfi`k
`k`f
`f
pefjeo`c`f prlher.Alftlk kejln ilpdtdfo i`rl servlks uftuk kdfblrh`sl
n`adr`tdrluh lfbeksl `t`u `i`fy` sen `afdrh`n
:) Wefyuh
Wefyuha`t
a`t`f
`f pehau
pehaunu
nu i`r`c
i`r`c il serv
servlks
lks
Zlrk
Zlrkun
un`s
`sll i`r`
i`r`c
c il se
serv
rvlk
lkss hef
hefm`
m`i
il te
tero
ro`f
`foo
oou
u `k
`kla
la`t
`t
pefyuha`t`f pehaunuc i`r`c sen`h` kec`hln`f.C`n lfl f`hp`kfy`

hehprdhdslk`f perkeha`fo`f pdnlp. W`i` w`flt` y`fo tli`k c`hln,

pdnlp y`fo her`i`fo ilk`ltk`f iefo`f het`pn`sl` i`f preilspdslsl
k`fker.
Wdnlp servlks
servlks serlfo aern`ku
aern`ku terut`h` p`i` w`flt` il `t`s 17 t`cuf
y`fo sui`c hehpufy`l `f`k.Wdnlp m`r`fo term`il p`i` w`flt` y`fo h`slc
aenuh i`t`fo c`li (hefstru`sl). Kea`fy`k`f w`flt` hehpufy`l s`tu
pdnlp, `k`f tet`pl `i` muo` w`flt` y`fo hehpufy`l
hehpufy`l 1 `t`u : pdnlp.
j. H`flb
H`flbest
est`sl
`sl
Wdnl
Wdnlp
p al`s
al`s`f
`fy`
y` tli`
tli`k
k `k
`k`f
`f hefl
heflha
haun
unk`
k`f
f oe
oem`
m`n`
n` y`
y`fo
fo tli`
tli`k
k

illfolfk`f. A`ck`f, kea`fy`k`f w`flt` tli`k hefy`i`rl a`cw` herek`

hehlnlkl pdnlp. Herek` a`ru `k`f hefoet`cul keaer`i``f pdnlp `p`aln`
herek`
herek` hefm`n
hefm`n`fl
`fl p`p she`r
she`r `t`u peherlk
peherlks``f
s``f servlks
servlks n`lffy
n`lffy`` uftuk
uftuk
pefy`klt n`lf (K`tz, 1701).
@p`aln`
@p`aln` pdnlp
pdnlp heflhaunk`
heflhaunk`f
f oem`n`,
oem`n`, kehufoklf
kehufoklf`f
`f c`n lfl term`il
term`il
k`ref` pdnlp hun`l hefo`n`hl (Ada`k, 1775).
0) @afdrh
@afdrh`n
`n pefi`r
pefi`r`c`
`c`f
f v`olf`
v`olf` y`fo term`il
term`il `ft
`ft`r`
`r` perldie
perldie hefstru`
hefstru`sl,
sl,
seten`c hefdp`use, seten`c cuaufo`f seksu`n, i`f seten`c idujclfo.
1) Wdnlp servlks
servlks als` her`i`fo
her`i`fo tet`pl
tet`pl herek`
herek` m`r`fo
m`r`fo hefm`il
hefm`il

:) Yerlfbeksl
Yerlfbeksl perldie
perldie fdrh`n
fdrh`n aer`t `t`u hefdr`ol`
hefdr`ol`
 9) Kenu`rfy`
Kenu`rfy` nefilr
nefilr putlc `t`u kuflfo
kuflfo,, serlfo ilseau
ilseautt keputlc`f
keputlc`f
5) C`fy` `i`
`i` aeaer`p`
aeaer`p` oem`n`
oem`n` y`fo ilkef`n
ilkef`n lfbeksl
lfbeksl lfl
lfl i`f k`i`fo-k
k`i`fo-k`i`fo
`i`fo
a`ck`f keft`r`. Zedr`fo w`flt` pernu hehlnlkl peherlks``f t`cuf`f

s`hp`l hefoev`nu`sl kesec`t`f reprdiuksl w`flt`.

i. W`tdblsl
W`tdblsldndol
dndol
Wdnl
Wdnlp
p servl
servlk
k i`
i`p`
p`tt hefy
hefyer`
er`fo
fo n`
n`pl
pls`
s`f
f pe
perh
rhuk
uk``f
``f nu
nu`r
`r servl
servlk
k
(ektdservlk) i`f a`ol`f i`n`h servlk (efidservlk). Fdrh`nfy` servlk uterl
p`i` funnlp`r` i`n`h ke`i``f fdrh`n k`f`nls servlk`nls aea`s kuh`f, p`i`
huntlp
huntlp`r`
`r` iefo`f
iefo`f dstluh
dstluh uterl
uterl ekster
eksterfuh
fuh nealc
nealc terauk
terauk`,
`, a`t`s
a`t`s ke `t`s
`t`s
dstluh uterl lfterfuh aea`s kuh`f.Q`i`fo p`i` servlk uterl, als` teri`p`t
p`i` pdrsld uterl ilnu`r dstluh uterl eksterfuh i`f / p`i` efidservlk.
Wefy`klt odfdre`, slblnls, unkus hdnne i`f or`fundh` lfoulf`ne i`f YAJ

i`p`
i`p`tt ilte
iltehu
huk`
k`f
f per`
per`i`
i`fo
fo`f
`f kr
krdf
dfls
ls p`
p`i`
i` se
serv
rvlk
lk.K
.K`r
`ref
ef`` `i
`i`f
`fy`
y`
per`i`fo`f y`fo krdfls / vlrus hehlju efidservlk herespdf iefo`f
tlha
tlhaun
unfy
fy`` @ief
@iefdh
dh`-
`-@i
@ief
efdh
dh`` blar
blardh
dh`` (c
(clp
lper
erpn
pn`s
`sl`
l` p`
p`i`
i` ep
eplt
lten
en
efidservlk).Zeten`c eplten efidservlk tuhauc hefdfmdn i`f / aert`fok`l
i`f i`p`t p`fm`fo clfoo` kenu`r i`rl vunv`, umufofy` hefo`n`hl fekrdsls
sert` hui`c aeri`r`c. (Wr`wlrdc`rimd,Z`rwdfd. 177<. Lnhu K`fiufo`f.
M`k`rt` = \AWZW, c`n= 12:, ::2).
 e. W`tc
W`tcw`
w`y
y

Ketli`k st`aln`f
cdrhdfe estrdoef Lfbn`h`sl krdflk Wefyuha`t`f pehaunuc
i`r`c p`i` servlks

Yuhdr p`i` servlks

Yuhauc ilsen`put
nefilr sevlks

Wdnlp servlks

Yuhauc ilnu`r
Yuhauc Wdnlp efidservlks
n`pls`f perhuk``f

@iefdh` blardh`
Wdnlp ekstrdservlks

Cyperpn`sl` eplten O`foou`f C`ro`

Lfbn`h`sl krdflk Fyerl @kut Ilrl
efidservlks

Fejrdsls
Yuhauc hefdfmdn
kenu`r vunv`

Qeslkd Lfbeksl

Fejrdsls

Weri`r`c`f
b. Weherlks`
Weherlks``f
`f Wefufm`
Wefufm`fo
fo
Weherlks``f pefufm`fo hefurut M`jdas (1701) `i`n`c
0) Wehe
Weherl
rlks
ks```
```f
f Q`ildn
Q`ildndo
doll

Wdnlp y`fo ternet`k m`uc il efidservlks i`p`t ilev`nu`sl hen`nul

peherlks``f clsterds`nblfodor`bl `t`u sdfdclsterdor`bl iefo`f lfbus
s`
s`nl
nlf.
f. Al
Al`s`
`s`fy
fy`,
`, c`
c`sl
slnn pe
pehe
herlk
rlks``
s``f
f lf
lfll heha
hehaerl
erlk`
k`f
f c`
c`sln
sln y`
y`fo
fo
aerh`kf` i`n`h hefoet`cul `i`fy` pdnlp `t`u ken`lf`f
ken`lf`f n`lffy`.
1) Wehe
Weherl
rlks
ks``f
``f N`adr
N`adr`t
`tdr
drlu
luh
h
Zltdndol v`olf` i`p`t hefufmukk`f `i`fy` t`fi` lfbeksl i`f
serlfo k`nliltehuk`f sen-sen `tlplk. Weherlks``f i`r`c i`f urlf tli`k
tern`nu a`fy`k heha`ftu hefeo`kk`f il`ofdsls.
:) Wehe
Weherl
rlks
ks``f
``f Kcus
Kcusus
us

Wdnlp y`fo ternet`k m`uc il k`f`n efidservlks tli`k i`p`t ilfln`l

hen`n
hen`nul
ul lfs
lfspej
pejund
und al`s`, tet`pl i`p`t iln`kuk`f peherlks``f kcusus
hefoou
hefoouf`k
f`k`f
`f spekun
spekunuh
uh efidse
efidservl
rvlks
ks `t`u
`t`u clster
clsterdsk
dskdpl
dpl.. Zerlfo
Zerlfok`n
k`nll
pdnlp efidservlks iltehuk`f sej`r` tli`k sefo`m` p`i` s``t iln`kuk`f
peherlks``f peri`r`c`f `afdrh`n. Weherlks``f untr`sdfdor`bl
iln`kuk`f uftuk hefylfoklrk`f `i`fy` h`ss` `t`u pdnlp y`fo tuhauc
i`rl uterus.
o. Wef`t`n`
Wef`t`n`ks`f
ks`f``f
``f
Wef`t`n`ks`f``f hefurut M`jdas (1701), `i`n`c =

0) Kdf
Kdfse
sev
v`tlb
`tlb
\`kfl aln` ukur`f pdnlp kejln, tli`k hefoo`foou, i`f tli`k
heflhaunk`f kenuc`f (hls`n serlfo aneeilfo, serlfo
ser lfo keputlc`f). idkter
`k`f
`k`f hehal`
hehal`rk`f
rk`f i`f hefoda
hefodaserv
serv`sl
`sl perkeh
perkeha`f
a`fo`f
o`f pdnlp
pdnlp sej`r`
sej`r`
aerk`n`.
1) @oreslb
\`kfl aln` ukur`f pdnlp aes`r, ukur`f hehaes`r, hefoo`foou
`ktlblt
`ktlblt`s,
`s, `t`u heflha
heflhaunk
unk`f
`f kenuc
kenuc`f.
`f. tlfi`k
tlfi`k`f
`f `oreslb
`oreslb lfl aerup`
aerup`
tlfi`k`f jurett`oe `t`u pehdtdfo`f t`fok`l pdnlp. tlfi`k`f k`uter lfl

als` iln`kuk`f iefo`f r`w`t m`n`f, al`s`fy` tli`k pernu r`w`t lf`p.
 uftuk tlfi`k`f pefoda`t`f sen`lf jurett`oe uftuk s``t lfl aenuh `i`.
t`pl uftuk pdnlp-pdnlp y`fo ukur`ffy` kejln (aeaer`p` hlnlheter) als`
iljd
iljda`
a` pe
peha
haer
erl`f
l`f da
da`t
`t y`
y`fo
fo il
ilh`
h`su
sukk
kk`f
`f hen`n
hen`nul
ul v`
v`ol
olf`
f`,, uf
uftu
tuk
k

hefour`fol re`ksl r`i`fo. seten`c pehaerl`ffy` tuft`s, ilperlks` n`ol,

`p`k`c pefoda`t`f terseaut `i` ebekfy` p`i` pdnlp `t`u tli`k. mlk`
tli`
tli`k,
k, h`k`
h`k` uf
uftu
tuk
k pe
pefo
foda
da`t
`t`f
`ffy
fy`` ie
iefo
fo`f
`f k`
k`ut
uter
erls`
ls`sl
sl.A
.Aln
ln`` pd
pdnl
nlp
p
hehpufy`l t`fok`l kurus, t`fok`lfy` iloefoo`h iefo`f bdrsep pdnlp
i`f ilput`r aeaer`p` k`nl s`hp`l i`s`r pdnlpfy` ternep`s i`rl m`rlfo`f
servlk i`s`rfy`. Aln` teri`p`t peri`r`c`f perv`olf`h `afdrh`n, h`k`
ilpernuk`f jurett`oe il QZ uftuk hefylfoklrk`f keo`f`s`f servlk i`f
efidhetrlu
efidhetrluh.
h. Wdnlp y`fo hui`c ternlc
ternlc`t
`t iefo`f
iefo`f t`fok`l
t`fok`l y`fo tlpls
i`p`t ilsek`h iefo`f kneh `rterl `t`u bdrjep k`s` i`f ilpnuftlr putus.

Il`fmurk`f hefok`uterls`sl i`s`rfy` uftuk hefjeo`c peri`r`c`f i`f

rekure
rekurefsl
fsl.. W`slef
W`slef y`fo
y`fo hehpuf
hehpufy`l
y`l a`fy`k
a`fy`k pdnlp
pdnlp hufokl
hufoklf
f tera`lk
tera`lk
ilter`pl iefo`f j`r` kdfls`sl seclfoo` setl`p pdnlp y`fo tli`k ternlc`t
ili`n`h k`f`nls tli`k `k`f il`a`lk`f. Al`s`fy`, pdnlpektdhl jervlx
c`rus iln`kuk`f aers`h` iefo`f su`tu kuret`se.

1. @suc`f
@suc`f Keper`w`
Keper`w`t`f
t`f
`. Wefok`
Wefok`ml`
ml`f
f
0) Li
Lief
eftl
tlt`
t`ss Knl
Knlef
ef

1) Kenuc`
Kenuc`ff Ut`h`f = Al`s`f
Al`s`fy`
y` knlef hefoen
hefoenuc
uc Fyerl,
Fyerl, term`i
term`ill perua`
perua`c`f
c`f
bufosl seksu`n
:) Qlw`y`t Wefy`klt Zek`r`fo = Knlef hefo`n`hl peri`r`c`f
perv`olf`h, peri`r`c`f kdft`k, p`sj` jdltus herup`k`f oem`n` y`fo
terserlfo ilmuhp`l.
9) Wehe
Weherl
rlks
ks```
```f
f Blslk
Blslk
`) YYR

a) Weherlks``f a`ol`f nu`r

Lfspeksl
  Q`ha
`haut puals, ilstrla
rlausl, a`filfok`f se
sessu`l usl`
perkeha`fo`f knlef
 Kunlt i`f `re` puals, `i`k`c nesl, erlteh`, vlsur`, nedkd
nedkdpn`kl
pn`kl``

i`f eksdrl`
 N`al
N`al`` h`yd
h`ydr`,
r`, hlfd
hlfdr`
r`,, kn
knlt
ltdr
drls
ls,, he`t
he`tus
us ur
uretr
etr`` te
terc
rc`i
`i`p
`p
peheaefok`k`f unkus, kenu`r`f
kenu`r`f i`f fdiun
j) Weherlks``f a`ol`f i`n`h

Lfspeksl
Zerv
Zervlk
lks=
s= uk
ukur
ur`f
`f,, n`ser`
n`ser`sl
sl,, erdsl,
erdsl, fd
fdiu
iun`
n`,, h`ss`
h`ss`,, ke
kenu
nu`r
`r`f
`f i`
i`f
f
w`rf`fy`
W`np`sl
 Q`a` ilfilfo v`olf`= Fyerl tek`f i`f fdiun`,

 Zervlks= pdslsl, ukur`f, kdfslstefsl, reoun`rlt`s, hdalnlt`s i`f

fyerl tek`f
 Uterus= ukur`f, aeftuk, kdfslstefsl i`f hdalnlt`s

 Dv`rlu
Dv`rluh=
h= ukur`
ukur`f,
f, hdalnl
hdalnlt`s,
t`s, aeftuk
aeftuk,, kdfslst
kdfslstefsl
efsl i`f fy
fyerl
erl
tek`f
a. Il`ofds`
Il`ofds` Keper`w`
Keper`w`t`f
t`f
0) Fyerl
Fyerl `kut
`kut a.i
a.i `oeft
`oeft jeier
jeier`` aldndo
aldndols
ls
1) O`fo
O`foou
ou`f
`f c`ro
c`ro`` ilrl
ilrl a.i
a.i pr
prds
dses
es pe
pefy
fy`k
`klt
lt i`
i`f
f pe
peru
rua`
a`c`
c`f
f dro`
dro`f
f
reprdiuksl
:) @fslet`s
@fslet`s a.i
a.i perua`c`f
perua`c`f i`n`h st`tus kesec`t`f
kesec`t`f
9) Ieblslefsl
Ieblslefsl pefoet`c
pefoet`cu`f
u`f a.i
a.i kur`fo
kur`fo p`m`f`f
p`m`f`f lfbdrh`sl
lfbdrh`sl
5) Qesl
Qeslkd
kd lfbe
lfbeks
ksll a.i
a.i keru
kerus`
s`k`
k`f
f m`
m`rl
rlfo
fo`f
`f i`
i`f
f pe
pefl
flfo
fok`
k`t`
t`f
f p`
p`p`
p`r`
r`f
f
nlfokufo`f
 j. Lfter
Lftervef
vefsl
sl
Il`ofds` Qefj`f` Ylfi`k`f Keper`w`t`f
FD
Keper`w`r`f FDJ FLJ
Fyerl `kut a.i W`lf Neven, N`kuk`f pefok`ml`f fyerl
`oeft jeier` p`lf jdftrdn, sej`
ej`r` kdhprecefslb
aldndols jdhbdrt neven terh`suk ndk`sl,
Zeten`c iln`kuk`f tlfb`k`f k`rr`kt
k` kter
erllstlk, iur`sl,
kepe
ke per`
r`w`
w`t`
t`f
f sen`
sen`h`
h` …. W`sl W`slef
ef br
brek
ekue
uefs
fsl,l, ku`n
ku`nlt
lt`s
`s i`f
i`f
tl
tli`
i`kk hefo`
hefo`n` n`hl
hl fyer
fyerl,
l, iefo
iefo`f
`f b`ktdr preslplt`sl
krlterl` c`sln= Daserv`sl re`ksl
H`hpu hefodftrdn fyerl (t`cu fdfvera`n i`rl
pefyea`a fyerl, h`hpu ketli`kfy`h`f`f
hefoouf`k`f tecflk @m`rk`f tekflk
fdfb`rh`kdndol uftuk fdfb`rh`kdnd
fdfb`r h`kdndol ol ren`ks`sl
ren`ks`sl
hefo
he four
ur`f
`fol
ol fyer
fyerl,
l, hefj
hefj`r`rll i`f ilstr`ksl
a`ftu`f)
Hen`pdrk`f a`cw` fyerl
aerkur`fo iefo`f
hefoouf`k`fk`f h`f
h`f`meheehef
fyerl
H`hpu hefoef`nl fyerl (sk`n`,
lftefslt`s, brekuefsl i`f t`fi`
fyerl)
Hefy`t`k`f r`s` fy`h`f
seten`c fyerl aerkur`fo
Y`fi` vlt`n i`n`h reft`fo
fdrh`n
Yli`k hefo`n`hl o`foou`f
tliur
O`foou
O`fo ou`f
`f c`ro` Zeten`c
`ro iln`kuk`f tlfb`k`f Ilskuslk`f
Ilskusl k`f iefo`f
iefo`f knl knlef
ef `t`u
ilrl a.i prdses kepe
keper`w
r`w`t`
`t`f
f sen`h`
sen`h` …. W`slef
W`slef kenu`r
kenu`ro`
o` a`o`lh
a`o`lh`f`
`f` il`ofd
il`ofdsls
sls
pefy`klt i`f tli`k hefo`n`hl o`foou`f c`ro` i`f pefoda`t`f y`fo
perua`c`f dro`f ilrl, iefo`f krlterl` c`sln= hehp
he hpefefo`
o`ru
ruccl ke
kecl
cliu
iupp`f
reprdiuksl Hefoufok`
Hefouf ok`pk`
pk`ff peh`c`
peh`c`h`f
h`f teft`f
teft`foo prla`il p`slef i`f `ktlvlt`s
perua`c`f tuauc, peferlh``f ilrl i`n`h kerm`
sltu`sl. Ylfm`u un`fo ebek s`hplfo y`fo
Hun`l
Hu n`l hefo
hefoeh
eha`
a`fo
fok`
k`ff hek`
hek`flflsh
shee il`ftl
il`ftlslp
slp`sl
`sl aer
aerkef
kef``f
``f iefo`f
iefo`f
kd
kdpl
plfo
fo uf uftu
tuk
k hefo
hefoc` c`i`
i`pl
pl h`s`n
h`s`n`c
`c pefoda`t`f terteftu, terh`suk
sej`r` ebektlb. kehu
kehufofokl
klf`
f`ff eb ebek
ek s` s`hp
hplf
lfo
o
Hefiehdfstr
Hefie hdfstr`slk`f
`slk`f `i`pt`sl
`i`pt`sl terc`
terc`i`p
i`p p`i` `ktlblt`s seksu`n i`f r`s`
perua`c`f y`fo ten`c term`il y`fo ke
kete
tert
rt`r
`rlk
lk`f
`f.. Ae Aerl
rlt`c
t`cu
u knlef
knlef
il
ilau
aukt
ktlk
lk`f
`f dn
dnec
ec pe pefy
fyus
usuf
uf`f
`f tumu
tumu`f
`f a`cw` tli`k sehu` ebek
re`nlstls i`f p`rtlslp`sl `ktlb i`n`h kerm` s`hplfo term`il.
iefo`f tep`t. Aerlk`f heilk`sl sesu`l
petufmuk.
@fslet`s a.i @fxlety Neven  Ouf
Ou f`k
`k`f
`f pef
efie
iekk`t`f
`t`f y`
y`ffo

perua`c`f i`n`h Zeten`c iln`kuk`f tlfb`k`f hefef`fok`f

st`tus kesec`t`f keper`
kepe r`w`
w`t`
t`ff sen`
sen`h`
h` …. W`sl W`slef
ef  Men`sk`
Men`sk`f
f sehu
sehu`` pr
prds
dsei
eiur
ur i`
i`f
f
tli`k hefo`n`hl `fslet`s, `p
`p`` y`
y`ffo ilr`s
lr`s`k
`k`f
`f se sen`
n`h`
h`
iefo`f krlterl` c`sln= prdseiur
H`hp
H` hpu u hefhefoli
olieftl
eftlk
k`s
`sll i`f
i`f  Yeh`fl p`slef uftuk
hefoufok`pk`f oem`n` jeh`s heha
he haer
erlk
lk`f
`f keh`f
eh`f`f`f i`
i`f
f
Hefolieftlk`sl, hefour`fol t`kut.
hefooufok`pk`f i`f  Lieftlblk`sl tlfok`t kejeh`s`f
hefufmukk`kk`f tekflk uftuk  Lftrukslk`f p`slef hefooufk`f
hefodftrdn jeh`s tekflk ren`ks`sl.
Rlt`n slof i`n`h a`t`s fdrh`n
 Wdstur
Wds tur tuauc,
tuauc, ekspre
ekspreslsl w`m`c,
w`m`c,
a`c`s tuauc i`f tlfok`t
`ktlvlt`s hefufmukk`f
aerkur`fofy` kejeh`s`f

Ieblslefsl Kfdwneioe= Ilse`se Wrdjess  Ae

Aerrlk`f
lk`f pef
efln
ln`l
`l`f
`f tef
eft`
t`fo
fo
Wef
Wefoet`
oet`cu
cu`f
`f a.i Zeten`c iln`kuk`f tlfb`k`f tlfo
tlfok`
k`tt pefo
pefoet
et`c
`cu`
u`f
f p`sl
p`slef
ef
Kur`fo `m`f`f keper`w`t`f
p`m` sen`h` …. teft`f
teft`fo
o prdses
prdses pefy`k
pefy`klt
lt y`f
y`foo
lfbdrh`sl. Wefoet
Wef oet`cu
`cu`f
`f p`slef
p`slef heflfo
heflfok`t,
k`t, speslblk.
iefo`f krlterl` c`sln= 
Me
Men`
n`sk
sk`f
`f p`
p`tdtdbl
blsd
sdnd
ndo
ol i`r
`rll
W`slef i`f kenu`ro` pefy`klt i`f a`o`lh`f` c`n lfl
hefy`t`k`f peh`c`h`f aercuaufo`f `f`tdhl i`f
teft`fo pefy
efy`kltlt,, kdf
kdfilsl, blsldndol iefo`f j`r` y`fo tep`t.
prdofdsls i`f prdor`h  O`ha
O` ha`r
`rk`
k`ff t`fi
t`fi`` i`i`f
f oe
oem`
m`n`
n`
pefoda`t`f y`fo al`s` hufjun p`i`
pefy`klt iefo`f j`r` y`fo
W`le
W`
 lef
f i`f
i`f kenu
kenu`r
`ro`o` h`hp
h`hpu u
tep`t.
hefmen`sk`f keha`nl `p` y`fo
ilmen`sk`f per`w`t  Zeil`k`f lfbdrh`sl p`i` p`slef
teft`
tef t`fo
fo kdkdfi
filsl
lsl ieiefo
fo`f
`f j`
j`r`
r`
y`fo tep`t.
Qeslkd lfbeks
Qeslkd lfbeksll a.i Lhhufe Zt`tus Wert`c`fk`f tekflk
kerus`k`f
kerus`k`f m`rlfo`f
m`rlfo`f Kfdwneioe = Lfbejtldf jdftrdn `septlb
i`f
i`f peflf
eflfok
ok`t
`t`f
`f Qlsk jdftrdn Jujl t`fo`f setl`p
p`p`r`f nlfokufo`f Zeten`c
n`c iln`k
n`kuk`f tlfi`k`f seae
eaenuh
nuh keper`w`t`f
tlfi`k`f i`f
i`f sessesui`c
ui`c
keper`
kep er`w`t
w`t`f
`f sen`h`
sen`h`……
…… p`slef
p`slef
tli`k
tli`k hefo`n
hefo`n`hl
`hl lfbeks
lfbeksll iefo`f
iefo`f Hdfltdr t`fi` i
krlterl` c`sln= `f oem`n` lfbeksl slstehlk
Kn
Knle
leff aea`
ea`s i`rl
i`rl t`fi
t`fi` ` i`f
i`f i`f ndj`n
oem`n` lfbeksl Hdfltdr kereft`f`f
Hefu
efufmukk`f keh`hpu`f terc`i`p lfbeksl
uftuk
ftuk hefj
hefjeo eo`c
`c tlhau
lhaunfnfy`
y`
lfbeksl
Muhn`c neukdslt i`n`h a`t`s
fdrh`n
Hefu
He fufm
fmuk
ukk`
k`f f perl
perln`
n`ku
ku cliucliup
p
sec`t
 I@BY@Q WUZY@K@
Ada`k, 1775. Auku `m`r Keper`w`t`f H`terflt`s, M`k`rt`= EOJ

Jufflfoc`h.,et `n. 1775. Dastetrl _lnnl`hs.Ei 10. @nlc a`c`s`, C`rtdfd @, et `n.
EOJ. M`k`rt`.
C`hlntdf, WH. (0<<5). I`s`r-I`s`r Keper`w`t`f h`terflt`s Ei-2. M`k`rt` = EJO
K`tz RN. (1701). Aeflof oyfejdndolj nesldfs. Lf= Ndad Q@, Oerscefsdf IH,
K`tzz RN, eis.
K`t eis. Jdhpre
Jdhprecef
cefslv
slvee Oyfejd
Oyfejdndo
ndoy.
y. 2tc ei. Wcln`i
Wcln`ienp
enpcl`
cl`,, W`=
Hdsay Ensevler.
H. M`jdas,@h`fi`.(1701).pdnlp servlks.
servlks. Fdrtc `herlj`= F`sp`o.
Fur`rlb .@.C. i`f Kusuh`. C. (1705). @WNLK@ZL @suc`f Keper`w`t`f
Aeri`s`rk`f Il`ofds` Heils & F@FI@ FLJ-FDJ. Mdom`k`rt`=

Heil@jtldf.
_lkfmds`strd, C., et `n. (177?). Lnhu Keali`f`f, Ei ketlo`. \`y`s`f Alf` Wust`k`
Z`rwdfd Wr`wlrdc`rimd. M`k`rt`.