KVAFREJEHÁ@ (B`sf 22)

Y`jeaùk Yfjj`a
Je quf v`aes ` m`ifr fstf gck of sfa`k` fs fj vákiuje fktrf j` icfkic` of jes küafres y j`
pscieseaàtci`.
Se prfgcfre jj`a`rje ‚icfkic` of jes küafres‑, fs `jhe quf sf iekeif ofsof tcfapes
ckafaerc`jfs. Y`bfaes quf vcfkf of Fhcpte, m`if auimáscae tcfape jes a`fstres fhcpices
fapfz`rek sfkt`r j`s b`sfs y jes hrcfhes tea`rek j` fksfð`kz` er`j, j` jjfv`rek ` Hrfic` y
sf fxtfkocù ` je j`rhe of j` iufki` afoctfrràkf`. ^fre fr` uk` tr`ocicùk of bei` ` eáoe.
Fs uk peie ieae j` `strejehá`, es peoãcs ca`hck`r quf m`y hfktf quf vcfrek pj`kft`s y
fst`bjficfrek
fst`bjficfrek ukes kfxes iek jes `iektficacf
`iektficacfktes.
ktes. ^er je t`kte `quá tfkfaes ` hfktf quf
vcsu`jcz`rek y vcfrek uk` sctu`icùk f mcicfrek fj vákiuje fktrf fste y jes küafres. ^eie `
peie fvejuicekù, aflerù y vcke ` Furep` y `ktfs of quf sf ckst`j`rà j` afocick` fr` auy
fxtfkocoe. M`bá` ukcvfrsco`ofs fk FFVV fk jes `ðes 9> quf tfká`k uk`s `schk`tur`s of
kuafrejehá` p`r` peofr fktfkofr j` fkgfrafo`o. Iek j` fxp`kscùk of tfr`pc`s ocvfrs`s, j`
kuafrejehá` sf utcjczù aàs p`r` fj ofs`rrejje pfrsek`j y sf `b`koekù tet`jafktf su
`pjci`icùk fk afocick`.
Fstey rfsuacfkoe auime j` mcsterc` of j` kuafrejehá`, pfre m`y hfktf quf schucù
fksfðàkoej`.
Fstuocã iek uk pregfser quf fr` fspfic`jcst` ükci`afktf fk kuafrejehá`, pfre
ràpco`afktf mcif fj vákiuje fktrf fste y j` afocick` y j` psciejehá`. Fs oficr quf, of teoe je
quf fstuocã our`ktf uk `ðe, mf fjcack`oe auim`s ies`s y seje mf ofl`oe je quf fs fsfkic`j
p`r` j` pràitci`. ^eoãcs ieaprfkofr quf es o`rã j`s ies`s fsfkic`jfs fstf gck of sfa`k`,
pfre ofspuãs tfkãcs quf tr`b`l`r.
J` kuafrejehá` kes pufof `yuo`r iu`koe, per flfapje, vcsct`aes ` `jhucfk iek uk`
Fsijfrescs fk ^j`i`s, je vfrfaes fk su tfa`, vfrfaes iùae peofaes pfkftr`r su
psciejehá`, v`aes ` vfr iùae peofaes cr fk busi` of jes rfsfktcrfs p`r` quf jes pufo`
fxtfrcercz`r. ^frsek`jafktf
^frsek`jafktf `pjcie kuafrejehá` teoes jes oá`s.
Fk rfj`icùk ` j` kuafrejehá` fk hfkfr`j tfkãcs quf vfrj` ieae uk j`
‚aftferejehá`‑< j` tfapfst`o v` ` jjfh`r, pfre fstàcs prfp`r`oes. ^er je t`kte peoãcs
prfp`r`res p`r` j` kcfvf, per flfapje, y ke s`jcr of i`s`, e jjfv`r i`ofk`s. J` kuafrejehá`
pufof `ktcicp`rsf ` j`s ocgciujt`ofs.
Fk sfhukoe juh`r af s`jtù ` j` vcst` rfj`icùk `j y`icfktf< tfkãcs uk tfa` of k`icacfkte,
ieae sc vufstre ocsie oure fstuvcfr` v`iáe `ktfs ofj k`icacfkte, fs oficr, kufstr` vco` sck
ckgera`icùk tr`kshfkfr`icek`j
tr`kshfkfr`icek`j kc preyfite/sfktcoe, `jhe pure, jj`ke. ^er je t`kte es fs
prepufste i`ack`r fk fstf tfa` teo` vufstr` vco`. Iu`koe m`iãcs j` kuafrejehá` y vfcs
quf j` pfrsek` i`ack` sebrf su tfa` qucfrf oficr quf fstà bcfk fk su vco`, iek sus j`oes
pesctcves y kfh`tcves.
kfh`tcves. S `quá es o`rãcs iufkt` of qu quf
f ebsfrvàcs uk tfa` p`rtciuj`r
p`rtciuj`r y
iu`koe ofsircbf su vco` ke fs je quf fstàcs ebsfrv`koe, per je t`kte fs uk y`icfktf, perquf
ke vcvf su vco`.
^er flfapje, peoãcs vfr ` `jhucfk quf sf` auy ieaukci`tcv`. ^er je t`kte su pukte gufrtf fs
j` ieaukci`icùk y es fkiektràcs `ktf `jhucfk táacoe, quf ke m`bj`, e quf tcfkf prebjfa`s
of iufro`s vei`jfs, e uk iàkifr of j`rckhf. ^er je t`kte peofaes pfks`r quf m`y uk
sfirfte, m`y `jhe quf sf fsiekocù, quf ke puoe fxprfs`r y fste sebrfp`sù su jáactf of

tejfr`kic`, ckieksicfktfafktf
ckieksicfktfafktf sf fxprfs` ieae fkgfrafo`o.
 

Iu`koe vfe ` `jhucfk quf ke fstà fk su tfa`, quf kera`jafktf ofbfrá` fst`r fk j`
ieaukci`icùk, e fk m`ifr fj p`y`se, j` rcs`, j` gcfst` y ke fstà fk su tfa`, fs quf ke m`if
su vco`.
Flfapje, m`y uk küafre fspfic`j, fj 99 quf qucfrf oficr, ofspuãs je vfrfaes fk oft`jjf, fs
`jhe gufrtf ` kcvfj fspcrctu`j…,
fs pcrctu`j…, hr`
hr`ic`s
ic`s ` fste uk `juake ieapr
ieaprfkocù
fkocù perquf su mcl`,
iu`koe fk j` fsiufj` jf prfhukt`rek quf qufrá` m`ifr of a`yer, y j` kcð` fsircbcù Y`kt`
_frfs`, M`o` e Oufkof. Fj pregfser acrù j` gcim` y jj`aù ` jes p`orfs. ^fre fst` kcð` fs
kera`j.
_fkhe uk `ache estfùp`t`, quf t`abcãk fs 99/7, y jf prfhukte sc ke vf e scfktf ies`s
fxtr`ð`s y af iufkt` quf iu`koe pekf j`s a`kes fk j` pfrsek` fjj`s af ocifk je quf
tfkhe quf m`ifr, scfaprf m` scoe `sá. Fs su prfocspescicùk ` fsiuim`r `j etre ` kcvfj
fkfrhãtcie. Iu`koe tfká` ? `ðes jf ocif ` su a`orf quf vf `jhe r`re fk sus a`kes, quf
vfá` rele, `zuj, uk`s jj`a`s, pfre su a`orf je rfprcaf y jf ocif quf sek ies`s ofj oc`bje. S
fj ifrrù j` bei` our`ktf 66 `ðes.
 @ kcvfj psciejùhcie,
psciejùhcie, je qu
quf
f kes v` ` cktfrf
cktfrfs`r
s`r fs quf pe
peofaes
ofaes vfr ` i`o
i`o`
` pfrsek` fk su
tfa` y `yuo`rj` fk su prebjfaàtci`. Yc `ofaàs jf `ð`ocaes j` bceofsieocgci`icùk peoãcs
sfr kuafrùjehes of prcafr erofk. Af oc iufkt` of quf iu`koe uk` pfrsek` fstà fk su
tfa`, su fstrãs cktfrcer b`l`, fs ieae sc fkiektr`sf uk` sfrfkco`o. Yc ye sf ieae sey,
iu`koe ofbe tea`r uk` oficscùk capert`ktf vey ` iekgc`r fk je quf ye sey y ke fk je quf
pcfkse. ^erquf je quf pcfkse fstà tfðcoe of ac ckieksicfktf, of j`s gcofjco`ofs g`acjc`rfs.
^er je t`kte ketrfs
Mf `prfkocoe rfp`r`rã t`kte ac ocstckt`s.
kuafrejehá`s mcsterc`. Je quf vey ` m`ifr fs j` kuafrejehá` b`sf 3 y
b`sf 22. Fstf gck of sfa`k` m`ifaes j` kuafrejehá` b`sf 22 y fj prùxcae m`rfaes j`
kuafrejehá` b`sf 3. M`y etr`, j` kuafrejehá` of @jcif B`cjfy, quf fs uk` kuafrejehá` aàs
fspcrctu`j. @ ac af hust` auime perquf fk teo` fspcrctu`jco`o m`y ‚hurüs‑ e huá`s
fspcrctu`jfs quf tf ocifk quf m`h`s je acsae quf fjjes p`r` jjfh`r `j ofspfrt`r. ^fre iek
j` kuafrejehá` of @jcif B`cjfy fj huá` fspcrctu`j frfs tu acsae. Fs oficr quf, fk gukicùk of
0> p`ràaftres ocstcktes sf kes prepekf cr per fstf i`acke p`r` fkiektr`rkes iek kufstr`
prepc` fspcrctu`jco`o. ^er je t`kte tfkfaes quf tr`b`l`r ` gekoe iek j` b`sf 3 y j` b`sf 22 y
j` b`sf of @jcif B`cjfy j` ofl`rfaes p`r` etr` ei`scùk.
J` b`sf 3 fs j` aàs iekeico`, teoes jes jcbres of kuafrejehá` sek b`sf 3. Ofspuãs
tfkfaes j` kuafrejehá` b`sf 22, y m`y pei` hfktf quf s`bf quf schkcgci`. M`y uk
pfrsek`lf capert`ktf jj`a`oe Drcs M`o`r, fs i`k`ocfksf quf m` fstuoc`oe fst` b`sf y j` m`
`sfkt`oe. M` utcjcz`oes oes ies`s, j`s jftr`s ofj `jg`bfte hrcfhe y fj t`ret. Fj fs auy
ieapjfle, sus jcbres sek ocgáicjfs of fktfkofr perquf fk su i`bfz` fs auy ieapjfle. ^fre
tuvf uk pregfser quf tr`b`le iek ãj y y` mcze uk rfsuafk. S ye mcif uk rfsuafk ofj
rfsuafk, perquf fste fs teoe je quf utcjcze.
Iek uk peie of b`sf 3 y uk peie of b`sf 22 fs sugcicfktf fk ieksujt`. @ofaàs, iek j`
kuafrejehá` of b`sf 3, quf vfrfaes j` prùxca` vfz, j` v`aes ` iekvfrtcr fk ifrfbre
ofrfime y ifrfbre czqucfroe, perquf m`y ies`s quf jes kuafrùjehes ke m`k fktfkocoe. ^er
flfapje, fj k¼ 00 ocifk quf fs j` vcejfkic` vfrb`j y per etr` p`rtf fs fj i`k`j, j` fkfrhá`, fj
Rfcdc. Fs auy scapjf, iek j` b`sf 3 m`y uk` ckvfrscùk ifrfbre ofrfime/czqucfroe, fj 00
`uterct`rce fs fj ifrfbre a`siujcke, y fj 00 i`k`j fkfrhãtcie, fs fj ifrfbre gfafkcke. ^er je
t`kte v`aes ` afler`r j` b`sf 3 iek jfitur` ofj ifrfbre ofrfime/czq
ofrfime/czqucfroe.
ucfroe.
Vk` ies` auy capert`ktf quf ofbfaes oficr mey< ke m`y küafres a`jes e küafres
bufkes. _fkãcs jes küafres quf tfkãcs y teoes tcfkfk uk petfkic`j pesctcve e kfh`tcve
sfhük iùae je acrfaes. I`o` küafre tcfkf su j`oe pesctcve y su j`oe kfh`tcve, teoes jes
küafres tcfkfk uk petfkic`j y ofbcjco`ofs. Se, scfaprf je vfe pesctcve, `ukquf sf`k
 

küafres quf tfkh`k j` rfput`icùk of sfr oures, je v`aes ` tr`ksgera`r fk pesctcve. Fste
`yuo` auime p`r` kufstre gukicek`acfkte.
J` kuafrejehá` fs uk` fkfrhá` y i`o` küafre tcfkf uk` fkfrhá` p`rtciuj`r. ^er flfapje, sc
uk` pfrsek` k¼ 9 `tr`frà m`ic` sá pfrsek`s quf sek ieae ãj, fstà fa`k`koe 9, `tr`frà
pfrsek`s cktfjfitu`jfs, sus `aches sek pfrsek`s iek j`s iu`jfs pufof cktfri`abc`r
cktfjfitu`jafktf. Ca`hck`res uk` ifk` fk i`s` of uk k¼ 9 fj oá` of su iuapjf`ðes, m`brà
uk `abcfktf k¼ 9, oekof sf m`bj`rà auime, cktfri`abc`koe cof`s. Yc fstey iek `jhucfk quf
fs 9 jf prfhukte µm`s jfáoe fj üjtcae jcbre of…5 ^erquf `sá je iejeiù sebrf su 9 y sf
sfktcrà ieaprfkocoe, su fstrãs cktfrcer ocsackuyf y peofaes p`s`r aàs ckgera`icùk. ^`r`
uk` pfrsek` k¼ ? ac ieksujt` fst`rà auy iu`or`o`< vufstre iekgjcite fs fste…, vcfkf ofj
^/Y e ofj tr`kshfkfr`
tr`kshfkfr`icek`j
icek`j e per j`s gfim`s. Yu fstrãs cktfrke ocsackuyf perquf sf
scfktf ieaprfkocoe. S sc `sá pufoe m`ifr p`s`r j` ckgera`icùk. S t`abcãk `tr`frà
pfrsek`s ?, perquf fa`k` ?…
 @ktfs fr` tejfr`ktf,
tejfr`ktf, fs ac k`tur
k`tur`jfz`.
`jfz`. Iek j` kuafrejehá` teo`vá` sey aui
auime
me aàs tejfr`k
tejfr`ktf,
tf,
perquf i`o` uke tcfkf su prepc` fstruitur`. Yc tfkhe ofj`ktf ` `jhucfk quf fs k¼ ?, vey `
`o`pt`raf ` su fstruitur`. ^fre sc ke je sã af vey ` o`r of k`rcifs. Af m` pfractcoe
fktfkofr y `ifpt`r ` jes ofaàs. S je aàs cktfrfs`ktf fstà fk j` g`acjc` y `sá fktfkofrãcs
afler ieae gukicek`k. Yc tfkhe uk k¼ 9 jf vey of o`r of `jt` ` j` bcbjcetfi`, jf vey `
ieapr`r uk jcbre sebrf fj gukicek`acfkt
gukicek`acfktee ofj aukoe… Yc ac mcle fs k¼ ? jf vey `
rfh`j`r uk ‚afi`ke‑, e uk ‚jfhe‑…, perquf fj ? fstà fk j` rf`jco`o.
J` b`sf 322fsfsfstruitur`j.
J` b`sf pscie-iekouitcst`.
B@YF 22. YCABEJEHÁ@
W`aes ` hu`ro`r jes küafres ofj 22 `j 0, i`o` vfz quf sf` aàs hr`kof v`aes ` sua`r jes
küafres. _eoes jes küafres quf fstàk per fkica` ofj 22 ofbfk rfouicrsf suaàkoejes.
Flfapje<

^FRYEK@JCO@O ^REGVKO@ (^^)

Fs fj oá`, fj afs y fj `ðe fk b`sf 22. Fs je quf seaes guko`afkt`jafktf. Fs je quf ke sf
pfricbf per p`rtf of jes ofaàs, fs uk` p`rtf eiujt` ofktre of kesetres. J` hfktf je vf teoe
afkes fste. Fs uk` pfrsek`jco`o eiujt`, aàs cktfrcer y aàs `gfitcv`. Fs kufstre i`acke of
vco` fk b`sf 22. ^`r` busi`rje sua`aes<

Oá` k`icacfkte + afs + `ðe (fk b`sf 22) 1 k¼ ^frsek`jco`o ^reguko`

Fs fj i`acke fk fj quf fst`aes ` je j`rhe of kufstr` vco`. Yek j`s i`r`itfrástci`s quf kes
sfhucràk teo` j` vco`, fs uk pcj`r auy capert`ktf. J` pfrsek`jco`o preguko` fs `jhe quf ke
sf vf. Yeaes `sá pfre ke je ofaestr`aes. Fs uk pcj`r capert`ktf p`r` iekeifr j` cktcaco`o
of j` pfrsek`. Yeje iek fstf k¼ y` s`bfaes aàs e afkes of quf fst`aes mfimes.
 

^er flfapje, kfifscte uk` sfirft`rc` kera`j, µPuã k¼ fsiele5, fj ?. ^fre sc tfkhe uk`
faprfs` iek ickiufkt` pfrsek`s y busie uk` sfirft`rc` quf af v` ` hfstcek`r teoe fste,
fsiehfaes uk k¼ 22.

KVOE FAEICEK@J (KF)

Fj kuoe faeicek`j fs fj oá` aàs fj `ðe.

Oá` k`icacfkte + `ðe k`icacfkte (fk b`sf 22) 1 Kuoe Faeicek`j

 @ kcvfj of im`dr`s
im`dr`s fs fj pjf
pjfxe
xe sej`r y j` of
ofgckcicùk
gckcicùk fx`i
fx`it`
t` fs ieae vcvca
vcvcaes
es faeicek`
faeicek`jafktf,
jafktf,
ieae kes mfaes sfktcoe qufrcoes per kufstres p`orfs y fs t`abcãk kufstr` a`kfr` of vfr
fj `aer. Fj kuoe faeicek`j fs gràhcj perquf tcfkf quf vfr iek j`s faeicekfs, fk
bceofsieocgci`icùk je aàs capert`ktf fs je faeicek`j, `sá quf fstf pcj`r fs auy capert`ktf
p`r` kesetres y` quf peofaes `gfit`r ` `jhucfk `gfit`koe fstf kuoe, pfre t`abcãk
peofaes `yuo`rje ` iur`rsf.
Fk hfkfr`j fs je faeicek`j y kufstr` a`kfr` of vfr fj `aer. Fs fj ?¼ pcj`r fk capert`kic`.
Fs fj pjfxe sej`r, fs fj scstfa` kfurevfhft`tcve
kfurevfhft`tcve..
Fs ieae vcbr`aes faeicek`jafktf, quã fs je quf af s`i` j`s jàhrca`s, ieae sfktcaes fj
`aer of jes ofaàs.

BÜYPVFO@ FAEICEK@J (PF)

M`y uk` icgr` quf v` ` pfractcrkes fktr`r fk je faeicek`j ofj etre. Fs oficr, hr`ic`s ` fstf
küafre v`aes ` `yuo`r ` j` etr` pfrsek` ` quf s`quf sus faeicekfs. Fs capert`ktf p`r`
kesetres ieae tfr`pfut`s. Fs je quf jj`a`aes Büsqufo` Faeicek`j.
^`r` i`jiuj`rje fs<

^frsek`jco`o preguko` + kuoe faeicek`j 1 Büsqufo` faeicek`j (PF)

^`r` fst`r bcfk faeicek`jafktf, sc fk ieksujt` vfe quf fj kuoe faeicek`j fstà bjequf`oe,
kes sfrvcaes of j` büsqufo` faeicek`j p`r` `yuo`rje ` jcbfr`r j`s faeicekfs.

^CJ@R ^REGFYCEK@J (^FY)

^frsek`jco`o fxtfrcer seic`j, fj pukte pregfscek`j, fj teke, ye iu`koe fstey gufr`. Kufstr`
cofktco`o fxtfrcer, j` pregfscùk.
K¼ ICY 1 gfim` k`icacfkte + afs k`icacfkte
K¼ IFY 1 afs k`icacfkte + `ðe k`icacfkte

K¼ ICY + K¼ IFY 1 pfrsek`jco`o fxtfrcer seic`j (pcj`r pregfscek`j)

Fs fj teke of kufstr` pregfscùk.
Fk erofk of capert`kic` fs fj 6¼ pcj`r. Fs iu`koe fstey gufr`, y ` afkuoe kufstr`
cofktco`o fxtfrcer fs j` pregfscùk.

BÜYPVFO@ OF J@ @RAEKÁ@ (RM)

 @mer` v`aes ` vfr oes pcj`r
pcj`rfs
fs of afoci`
afoci`afkte.
afkte. Fj afoci
afoci`afkte
`afkte sf tea` per j` a`ð`k
a`ð`k`, `, `j
afoceoá` y per j` keimf. ^er je t`kte fs `jhe quf kes v` ` rfi`rh`r j`s pcj`s teoe fj oá` y
kes fs prepufste rfspft`r fstf pcj`r teoes jes oá`s. @sá quf vfrãcs quf je m`iãcs of gera`
 

ckstcktcv`4 je v`aes ` fvcofkic`r y ` p`rtcr of `mer` je m`rãcs fk pjfk` iekicfkic`. Ychkcgci`

quf teoes jes oá`s fstey cktfkt`koe `raekcz`raf. Yf i`jiuj`<

^cj`r ^regfscek`j + ^frsek`jco`o ^reguko` 1 Büsqufo` of j` `raeká`

Fs j` afoci`icùk quf es fstàcs tea`koe a`ð`k`, afoceoá` y keimf. Fs uk rfafoce, uk
afoci`afkte quf es tfkãcs quf tea`r per j` a`ð`k`, `j afoceoá` y per j` keimf.
Fs fj 2¼ fk capert`kic`. Yc fstf pcj`r sf rfspft`, j` pfrsek` ke sf pekf kuki` fkgfra`. Iek

j` büsqufo`
fqucjcbrce. Fs of
fqucjcbrce. j` `raekcz`icùk
ieklukte a`ð`k`,
of teo`s j`s afoceoá`psciejùhci`s
i`r`itfrástci`s y keimfi`s
psciejùhc fst`aes scfaprf
quf kes fk fst`oefk
hust` fkiektr`r of
jes ofaàs p`r` sfktcrsf bcfk ieksche acsae. Fs fj prcafr kcvfj p`r` `raekcz`rkes.

BÜYPVFO@ FY^CRC_V@J (PY)

Etre pcj`r afoci`afkte. _fkfaes quf vfr fste ieae uk rfjel sucze, iek sus afi`kcsaes
quf o`k vufjt`s. Yc m`y uke quf sf bjequf`, teoe fj scstfa` sf bjequf`, perquf i`o` uke
fstà jch`oe ` jes etres. ^er je t`kte es ca`hckàcs fste ieae uk afi`kcsae quf rufo`
kera`j, teoes jes pcj`rfs sf rfspft`k y ke bjequf`k. ^fre ` vfifs sá quf eiurrf. S iu`koe
sf bjequf` jubrci`aes iek `ifctf. Fstf pcj`r fs j` ‚`ifctfr`‑ quf jubrci` teoe fj
scstfa` iu`koe sf bjequf`. Yf i`jiuj`<

Afs + ^frsek`jco`o ^reguko` 1 Büsqufo` Fspcrctu`j

Fs fj tfrifr pcj`r capert`ktf. Ieae sf ocrchf fj ckocvcoue p`r` quf pufo` fxprfs`r sus
pfks`acfktes
pfks`acfk tes of gera` k`tur`j. Fs `yuo`rjf ` `brcr su fspárctu. Fs uk` jj`vf capert`ktf fk
j` tfr`pc`.

KÜAFRE OF RFYCY_FKIC@ (KR)

Fs oekof v` ` fktr`r j` `hrfscùk y ofsfki`ofk`r teoe fj preifse pscieseaàtcie. Busi`aes
fstf pcj`r p`r` vfr ieae m` scoe `hrfocoe.
^`r` ebtfkfrje ofbfaes cr rfst`koe, prcafre fj k¼ aàs `jte y ofspuãs fj 2¼ aàs `jte. ^er
flfapje, k¼ a`yer ’ 2¼ k¼ a`yer 1 x. Rfst`r x iek fj k¼ rfst`ktf, fj a`yer ofj afker. Yc es
fkiektràcs > 1 22

Oá` k`icacfkte ’ afs of k`icacfkte ’ `ðe k`icacfkte 1 k¼ of rfscstfkic`

Fs capert`ktf
capert`kt f p`r` j` ofsi
ofsieocgci`icùk.
eocgci`icùk. Fs fj afoce, fj tfa` ofj ‚s ‚siuo‑
iuo‑ quf kes v` `
cap`it`r. Yc ke sf rfspft` fstf pcj`r fs iùae v`aes ` sebrfp`s`r fj jáactf supfrcer
tejfr`bjf. Fj psciesmeid vcfkf of `quá, fj iekgjcite ofsfki`ofk`ktf. Je mf vfrcgci`oe
auimásca`s vfifs. Iu`koe `jhucfk vcfkf per uk` fkgfrafo`o acr`aes fstf pcj`r, ieae
rfscktcù fstf smeid. Jj`a`aes fste fj k¼ of rfscstfkic`, fs oficr quf p`r` i`o` pfrsek` y
p`r` i`o` ies` m`y uk icfrte kcvfj of rfscstfkic`. Fstf k¼ ofgckf kufstre kcvfj of
rfscstfkic`. Kufstre pscqucsae v` ` reapfrsf per fstf k¼.
^er flfapje, p`r` uk 7 qucfrf oficr quf ke sf m` rfspft`oe fj kcðe cktfrcer. J` ebsfrv`icùk
quf m` rficbcoe m` rete fj kcðe cktfrcer. _`abcãk af m`k premcbcoe rfáraf, mf qufrcoe m`ifr
p`y`se y af i`stch`rek.
Iek fstf pcj`r sf fktr` of a`kfr` aàs sutcj fk fj rfsfktcr. Fk fstf pcj`r fs fk fj ükcie quf
v`aes ` fkiektr`r k¼ 0 y k¼ 2 perquf mfaes rfst`oe.
 

Küafre 0.

- Ychkcgci` quf ke af m`k rfspft`oe ieae ckocvcoue. Fk uk aeafkte

iekirfte reapcfrek ac pfrsek`jco`o.

Küafre 2.
- Ke m` irfáoe acs cktuci
cktucicekfs.
cekfs. Se scfkte j`s ies`
ies`ss y k`ocf af fsiuim`. ^er je t`kte, sc
k`ocf af fsiuim`, kes tei` ` kesetres fsiuim`rkes. Fs capert`ktf quf qucfk tcfkf uk 2 fk
fj KR tfkh` iekgc`kz` fk sus cktucicekfs. Fs uk` fsiuim` uk peie supr`-sfkserc`j, fs ac
ckieksicfktf quf fstà pfricbcfkoe j`s ies`s, ke s`bf perquf jf vcfkf fste. Jes tfr`pfut`s
quf tcfkfk fj k¼ 2 tr`b`l`k auime iek j` cktucicùk.

KÜAFRE OF FAFRHFKIC@ (KR)

Fst`aes suafrhcoes y kfifsct`aes uk k¼ p`r` peofr fafrhfr. Fs uk k¼ capert`ktf iu`koe
`jhucfk kes vcfkf y fstà auy `gfit`oe, iek auimes prebjfa`s y sc schufk `sá sf v` `
`meh`r. @ktfs of `meh`rsf, fstf kes scrvf p`r` vejvfr ` j` supfrgcicf. Yf i`jiuj`<

^cj`r rfscstfkic` + ^cj`r pregfscek`j 1 k¼ of Fafrhfkic`

Iu`koe af fstey `meh`koe fk fj `hu` y fstf pcj`r af v` `yuo`r ` tea`r supfrgcicf. Fs fj
üjtcae pcj`r `ktfs of i`fr fk j` aàsi`r`. Je mfaes cktfkt`oe teoe pfre k`o` m` gukicek`oe.

K¼ ICY S K¼ IFY
Ofsiubrá `jhe capert`ktf. Fj oá` of k`icacfkte fstà vckiuj`oe ` j` a`orf, fs kufstre
i`ràitfr cktfrke, cktfrcer. Fs fj fst`oe fk fj iu`j af fkiufktre `ktfs of `itu`r, fs jf
afks`lf quf vcfkf of j` a`orf, fs oficr, fj preyfite/sfktcoe ofj j`oe a`tfrke.
^er flfapje, fk i`se uk of k¼ 00 j` cktfrprft`icùk peorá` sfr quf tu a`orf tf pcof sfr uk
peie aàs sutcj perquf fjj` ke je iekschucù.
Fj `ðe of k`icacfkte fs fj p`orf. ^er flfapje, fk fj i`se of uk k¼ 2>, ac p`orf sf fkiektrù
ofsv`jercz`oe y af je fktrfh` p`r` quf je tr`b`lf, p`r` quf je `jcvcf.
Fste ke m`bj`rà ` teoe fj aukoe pfre pufof `yuo`r.
Fj afs ac prepc` cofktco`o. Fs fj kcðe fktrf fj p`orf y j` a`orf. ^er flfapje fk fj i`se ofj
9, fs j` cktfjfitu`jco`o.
Fj ICY fs fj ieapert`acfkte cktfrcer seic`j, fj oá` + fj afs. Fs ieae ye af ieaperte fk fj
cktfrcer of ac g`acjc` e ieae af fstà prepufste ieapert`raf fk ac g`acjc`. Vk 0?, per
flfapje, sfrá` sejt`rje teoe, p`r` fkiektr`rsf bcfk. Fs ` p`rtcr of j` a`orf quf kes v`aes `
iekstrucr fk fj cktfrcer. Fs ieae kes ieapert`aes iek jes ofaàs.
Fj IFY fs fj ieapert`acfkte fxtfrcer seic`j,
seic`j, fj afs + fj `ðe. Fs ieae fstey ye `j fxtfrcer
of ac g`acjc`, iek acs `aches, iu`koe s`jhe, fk v`i`icekfs. ^er flfapje, p`r` uk k¼ 6,
rficbf ` sus `aches fk uk a`rie `iehfoer. Fstà rfj`icek`oe iek fj p`orf, fs fj
fxtfrcer iek jes `aches, jes ieap`ðfres,… t`abcãk rfprfsfkt` fj kcoe `apjc`oe.
Fj eblftcve of fste ke fs fj `kàjcscs. Se ke tr`b`le `sá. Fk pscieseaàtci` prfgcfre o`r uk
peie of ckgera`icùk y ofle quf v`y` ` i`s`. @k`jcze fj tfa` fk gukicùk ofj aetcve of j`
ieksujt`.
 

 
Ycabejcsae of jes küafres of b`sf 22

KÜAFRE 9
Afkt`j, cktfjfite, r`icek`jcz`icùk ofj ocsiurse, fxpjci`icùk, kfifsco`o of fktfkofr,
ieaprfkofr fk j` büsqufo` ofj sfktcoe.
^FRYEK@JCO@O ^REGVKO@
 

 @ uk k¼ 9 je prcafre
prcafre quf jf vvey
ey ` prfhukt`
prfhukt`rr fs µIuàktes jcjcbres
bres tcfkfs fk i`s`5 J`s p`j
p`j`br`s
`br`s
aàs capert`ktfs p`r` uk 9 sek ‚afkt`j, cktfjfite‑
cktfjfite‑.. Fst`aes vcfkoe ` `jhucfk quf tcfkf
kfifsco`o of jjfk`r su cktfjfite.
Fk hfkfr`j jes 9 tcfkfk bcbjcetfi`s fk i`s`, sek bufkes ijcfktfs p`r` j`s jcbrfrá`s, perquf
sek pfrsek`s quf v`k ` jjfk`r su afkt`j. Iu`koe ke sf fkiufktr` bcfk, µquã jf v`aes `
rfh`j`r5… uk jcbre.
R`icek`jcz`icùk ofj ocsiurse, sek pfrsek`s quf pcfks`k auime, quf tcfkfk kfifsco`o of

ieaprfkofr,
j`s ies`s. quf busi`k fxpjci`icekfs. ^er je t`kte scfaprf fstàk busi`koe fj sfktcoe of
Yfhure quf m`y hfktf quf sf rfiekeif fk fste, perquf fj 9 je tcfkfk fk etre juh`r. @mer`
fst`aes m`bj`koe of j` pfrsek`jco`o preguko`, pfre m`y ieae 9> pescicekfs of fstf k¼,
per je t`kte peoãcs tfkfr fj 9 fk etre iekifpte y es m`bj`. ^fre ye ke iekezie ` fst`
pfrsek` y vcfkf ` ieksujt` of bceofsieocgci`icùk, µiùae ocsiurrf uk` ieksujt` iek uk`
pfrsek` 95 Ieae tfr`pfut` µIùae ofbe of tr`b`l`r5 Oàkoejf auim`s fxpjci`icekfs. ^`r`
sfktcrsf bcfk tcfkf kfifsco`o of quf sf je fxpjcquf teoe, scke fj ke m` jjfk`oe su iu`ofrke
afkt`j. Yc af vcfkf ` vfr, jf vfkoe uk jcbre y jf oche quf su prebjfa` fstà fk fj jcbre. Ke je
vfrãcs fk ukes hr`kofs `ja`ifkfs, pfre sá fk uk` bcbjcetfi`.
Yc fs uk` aulfr, per flfapje, y af j` qucfre jch`r µOùkof j` icte5 Fk j` bcbjcetfi`, `quá su
fstrãs b`l`… µFktfkoãcs j` utcjco`o of teoe fste5
Etre pukte ij`vf fs j` büsqufo` of sfktcoe. Yc per flfapje, ac p`rfl` fs uk 9 y jf fki`kt`
j` bceofsieocgci`icùk,
` rfspft`r. ^erquf fste`ukquf ` aáye
fs je quf afjj`ae
o` jejes
acsae ye sã qufoffsvco`,
guko`afktes capert`ktf p`r`fste,
sc ke fxcstf ãj y jesuvey
fstrãs subf.
^er je t`kte fs capert`ktf jfv`kt`r jes tfa`s of j`s p`rfl`s p`r` fktfkofr iùae gukicek` fj
etre y peofrje rfspft`r. @j 9 m`y quf ckvct`rje ` cr ` iekgfrfkic`s, pfre ` iekgfrfkic`s
psáquci`s, perquf qucfrf s`bfr iùae gukicek` fj aukoe, ieae gukicek` fj iufrpe mua`ke,
ieae gukicek` fj pscqucsae.
Fstf fs uke of jes guko`afktes ofj 9, sc sf je quct`aes ke sf fkiufktr` bcfk. Ca`hck`res
quf vcvf iek `jhucfk quf ke fstà of `iufroe iek fste, quf fs auy a`tfrc`jcst`, quf seje sf
eiup` of ies`s supfrgcic`jfs, of su `p`rcfkic`. Fktekifs tfkfaes trfs pescbcjco`ofs<
E bcfk j` fkh`ð` iek uk` cktfjfitu`j E sf ofprcaf E sf v`.
Fst`s sek j`s pescbcjco`ofs sc fj 9 ke sf scfktf fktfkocoe fk su gukicek`acfkte. Je
capert`ktf of j` pfrsek`jco`o preguko` fs quf fs `jhe quf ke sf vf. ^er flfapje, sc ye ke
iekezie ` j` pfrsek` y m`bj` auime, ye pufoe ofouicr quf fs 9 fk b`sf 3, fs j` p`j`br`.
^fre fste ke af `yuo`rà p`r` s`bfr sc jf hust`k jes jcbres e ke. ^erquf m`bj`r auime sf vf
y quf tf hustfk jes jcbres ke.
Yc `jhucfk quf vcfkf ` ieksujt` fs k¼ 9, fj tfr`pfut` tcfkf quf sfr süpfrprficse, ofbf sfr
jùhcie. Yc uk` pfrsek` es ieksujt` perquf tcfkf uk iàkifr y fs k¼ 9 of pfrsek`jco`o
preguko` m`y quf `pjci`r j` aàxca` prficscùk.
Yc `jhucfk fs k¼ 9 y ke m` sf m` jfáoe uk jcbre fk teo` su vco` fs auy preb`bjf quf sf` uk
y`icfktf. Yc fs k¼ 9 fk b`sf 3, fs ieaukci`icùk, sc ke m`bj` auime, t`abcãk. Etr`
pescbcjco`o fs quf je i`str`rek scabùjci`afktf of pfqufðe. Etr` pescbcjco`o fs quf tfkh`
uk süpfr-Fhe auy petfktf.
KVOE FAEICEK@J.- Faeicek`jafktf kfifsct` fktfkofr ieae gukicek`k j`s ies`s. Jes
aflerfs rfh`jes sek ckvct`rj` ` uk` iekgfrfkic`, uk jcbre…, rfjjfk`r fj ocsie oure of
iekeicacfkte.
^CJ@R ^REGFYCEK@J.- ^regfscùk cktfjfitu`j, of rfgjfxcùk, of jcbres, of fsircbcr.
 

BVYPVFO@ OF J@ @RAEKC@.- W` ` jffr teoes jes oá`s, v` ` fstuoc`r teoes jes oá`s, sf v`
` ckgera`r teoes jes oá`s.
BVYPVFO@ FY^CRC_V@J.- Iu`koe fstà bjequf`oe jf ieapr`aes uk jcbre, jf jjfv`aes `
uk` iekgfrfkic`.
KVAFRE OF RFYCY_FKIC@.- Af m`k rete fk acs i`p`ico`ofs cktfjfitu`jfs. E bcfk fk ac
fvejuicùk pfrsek`j perquf fstey `scstcfkoe ` auimes sfack`rces, per flfapje. Of teo`s
gera`s ke iekgá`k fk ac cktfjfite.

KVAFRE OF FAFRHFKIC@.- _fkhe quf rfm`ifraf afkt`jafktf.

Küafre ?
Fstruitur`, guko`afkte, lfgficjje, fsij`rfifr,
fsij`rfifr, ocrchcr, aãteoe, ij`scgci`icùk
ij`scgci`icùk,, o`r gera` ` j`s
cof`s.
^FRYEK@JCO@O ^REGVKO@
Fj ? fs sejcofz. Fs oficr, sc iehãcs uk ieimf iek trfs rufo`s, ke tcfkf fqucjcbrce. Vk` afs`
of 9 p`t`s
p `t`s sf `hu`kt` p pfre….
fre…. Fj k¼ ? fs j` icgr` o of
f j` rrf`jco`o,
f`jco`o, fs per fste quf jf
jj`a`aes fstruitur`. _cfkf j` kfifsco`o of `jhe sùjcoe.
Yc fk ieksujt` vcfkf `jhucfk quf fs k¼ ? ke jf vey ` jjfv`r ` j` bcbjcetfi`, ke kfifsct` jcbres,
qucfrf `jhe prficse, jùhcie, quf sf `hu`ktf. Ke pufofs jjfk`rjfs j` i`bfz` ` jes ? perquf
tcfkf uk` jùhci` auy prfics`.
^er flfapje, fk j` `oackcstr`icùk, fs fj lfgf of sfrvcice, supfrvcs` 6 e 7 pfrsek`s y qucfrf
quf teoe sf` ij`re y iekicse. Yf kfifsct` hfktf `sá, pufof iektrej`r uk icfrte küafre of
pfrsek`s, pfre sc sf jf o`k rfspeks`bcjco`ofs ofa`sc`oe hr`kofs ke j`s pufof `suacr.
^er je t`kte fs uk` pfrsek` quf kfifsct` fstruitur`. ^`r` m`ifr bceofsieocgci`icùk ` uk k¼
? tcfkf quf `brcrsf, perquf `j k¼ ? ` afkuoe jf hust`k j`s Icfkic`s Fx`it`s. Jes quf vcfkfk
` ieksujt` sek hfkfr`jafktf hfktf quf m` fvejuicek`oe `jhe.
J` p`j`br` ij`vf fs ij`rcgci`r j`s ies`s, perquf iu`koe m`y `jhe quf ke fstà auy ij`re,
p`r` quf fstã bcfk tcfkf quf sfr prficse, ij`re. Yek pfrsek`s quf gukicek`k auime iek j`
jfy, perquf j` jfy fs fj iu`ore, fj a`rie.
Yek pfrsek`s quf fapjf`k fj preifocacfkte fk teoe y iek fste qucfrf fsij`rfifr j`s ies`s,
tfkfrj`s bcfk iu`or`o`s, bcfk sfkt`o`s, perquf uk a`rie tcfkf ? j`oes. J` afteoejehá`
t`abcãk fs capert`ktf p`r` fj k¼ ?, pfre fs su aãteoe, jùhcie, fs of @, ofspuãs B,
ofspuãs I... y ke m`y quf m`ifr G `ktfs quf O… ofsircbcr j` i`rci`tur` ofj k¼ ?,

peoãcs ca`hck`r
uk` icfkic` quf jes k¼ ? bàscies ke vcfkfk ` uk iurse of kuafrejehá`, perquf ke fs
fx`it`.
^`r` j`s pfrsek`s quf ke sf rfiekeifk `quá sfhur`afktf sek uk 22/? pfre fk b`sf 3.
^fre y` vfrfaes aàs t`rof quf schkcgci` sfr uk 22/?.
 @j k¼ ? i`rci`tur`j
i`rci`tur`j jf hust` a
auime
uime ij`scgci`
ij`scgci`rr j`s ies`s per ffxpfocfktfs.
xpfocfktfs. ^fre
^fre sc fs uk`
pfrsek` quf pcfks`, auime jf hust` ij`rcgci`r sus cof`s y ij`scgci`rj`
ij`scgci`rj`s.
s.
^er flfapje, Grfuo fr` k¼ ? y 22/?. _r`b`lù auime, ij`scgciù y ofsircbcù j`s ies`s per fj
süpfr-fhe, fj ye….
 @j k¼ ? ke jf hust`k
hust`k j`s serp
serprfs`s,
rfs`s, perquf f fjj gukicek` p`
p`se
se ` p`se. M`y quf ckvct`rje ` uk
rfst`ur`ktf
rfst`ur`kt f kera`j, ` ieafr `jhe ijàscie y sc fs pescbjf uk bcstfi iu`or`oe…, ke qucfrf
serprfs`s, ke jf hust`k jes pj`tes fj`ber`oes of j` kufv` ieick`, kc quf jf
prepekh`k `jhe ke prfvcste…
Vk ieksfle p`r` jes k¼ ?, kfifsctàcs erh`kcz`r vufstr` vco`. Fk i`abce, sc vcvás sejes,
g`ktàstcie, perquf
fj iu`ore. Yc kesuteiàcs
ye sey j`sy k`rcifs
p`rfl` ` k`ocf.
sf quf fs ^fre
`sá, vey sc vcvás fk
` m`ifrjf ukp`rfl` tfkãcs
rfh`je quf su`vcz`r
ijàscie, per
 

flfapje, uk` i`acs`, uk` ierb`t`… ke uk seabrfre of iejerfs… J`s ies`s

auy erchck`jfs ke jf v`k ` hust`r.
^`r` fj k¼ ? fs capert`ktf fj àrbej hfkf`jùhcie, perquf sek j`s r`áifs ofj àrbej, p`r` quf
sf` sùjcoe. Fj `kàjcscs ofj àrbej hfkf`jùhcie y of j` ockàaci` g`acjc`r fs capert`ktf fk
ieksujt`.
KVOE FAEICEK@J.- Kfifsct` quf j`s ies`s sf`k ij`r`s, sùjco`s, jùhci`s. ^fre t`abcãk
tcfkf uk` ofbcjco`o, pufof jjfh`r ` sfr ráhcoe y fste pufof `gfit`rjes.

^CJ@R
prficse,^REGFYCEK@J.-
iek uk prehr`a`.FsJ`uk` pregfscùk per
fksfð`kz`, of b`sf sùjco`,
flfapje, 0fr tcfkf quf`ðe,…fti.
`ðe, 2¼ sfr ij`re, jùhcie,
BVYPVFO@ OF J@ @RAEKC@.- _cfkf quf fstruitur`rsf teoes jes oá`s. Fj ? fs fj scstfa`
estfe-`rtciuj`r. Yek hfktf quf kfifsct` fstruitur` y j` fstruitur` ` kcvfj scabùjcie fs fj
fsqufjfte estfe-`rtciuj
estfe-`rtciuj`r.
`r.
BVYPVFO@ FY^CRC_V@J.- Iu`koe ke fstà bcfk fs capert`ktf rffstruitur`rsf,
rffstruitur`rsf, m`ifs j`
pufst` ` pukte y m`ifs ckvfkt`rce of teo`s j`s ies`s sùjco`s, tf iufstcek`s icfrt`s ies`s,
hu`ro`s uk`s y tcr`s etr`s. ^ekfs j`s ies`s `j oá`, ` kcvfj g`acjc`r, ` kcvfj pregfscek`j, `
kcvfj `aerese… fti. y ke es ejvcoãcs of utcjcz`r j`s erfl`s of Acidfy.
KVAFRE OF RFYCY_FKIC@.- Af p`rtcfrek fk ac fstruitur`, fk acs guko`afkte guko`afktes. s.
KVAFRE OF FAFRHFKIC@.- Af tfkhe quf rffstruitur`r, af pekhe ` pukte, m`he
b`j`kif y af rffstruiture.

Küafre 6
^rckicpce, a`rie of vco`, a`hkftcsae tfrrfstrf.
Fk fj pj`ke pregfscek`j< tr`b`le prficse, fkiu`or`oe
fkiu`or`oe,, ofgckcoe, iektr`te of tr`b`le oft`jj`oe,
gcim` tãikci` ` sfhucr, je quf fs capert`ktf p`r` ac.
^FRYEK@JCO@O ^REGVKO@
Yek jes a`ries y jes prckicpces of vco`. Fk gukicùk of j` foui`icùk of j` g`acjc` tcfkf
prckicpces quf sek capert`ktfs p`r` ãj, pfre uk pfjchre fs quf pufof qufo`rsf bjequf`oe
fk fjjes.
Vk schke auy scapjf p`r` fvcofkic`r `j k¼ 6 fs j` ofier`icùk of j` i`s`. ^`r` fj 6 fs auy
capert`ktf ` j` ofier`icùk of j` i`s`, fs oficr quf prfst` `tfkicùk ` jes eblftes, jes
aufbjfs, j` ofier`icùk of j` i`s`.
Vk` aulfr k¼ 6 af ocle quf p`r` jch`rj` tcfkfk quf qufo`r fk Cdf`, perquf `jjá sf scfktf

bcfk, su fstrãs
^er flfapje, cktfrkequf
ca`hck` ocsackuyf.
uk` aulfr 6 tcfkf per a`rcoe uk ?…? y fjj` v` i`abc`koe j`
ofier`icùk, oes e trfs vfifs `j `ðe. Fj quf fs k¼ ? quf pufof jjfh`r ` i`s` ofj tr`b`le y
iek jes eles ifrr`oes jjfh`r `j scjjùk y iehfr fj a`koe perquf ye ke qucfre quf i`abcf
k`o`.
Vk` pfrsek` quf fs k¼ 6 y tcfkf icstctcs, schkcgci` quf ke fstà bcfk ofktre of fstf a`rie. ^er
je t`kte jf oche quf sf jf pfract` fsiehfr ofktre of j` i`s` jes iejerfs e j`s gera`s y su
fstrãs b`l`rà. J` p`tejehá` tápci` of uk 6 sek j`s ckgfiicekfs urck`rc`s, iu`koe ke af pufoe
fxprfs`r ofktre of ac tfrrcterce k`if fj iekgjcite.
_`abcãk m`y fj A`hkftcsae _frrfstrf. Fj 6 sek jes ickie ofoes of j` a`ke, per je t`kte
tfkfaes uk` prfocspescicùk p`r` fj a`hkftcsae. Iu`koe m`bje of a`hkftcsae p`r` aá m`y
oes tcpes<
◅ Fj A`A`hkft
hkftcsae
csae _frrf
_frrfstrf,
strf, je qu
quf
f jj`
jj`a`ae
a`aess jes p`se
p`sess a`h
a`hkãtc
kãtcies,
ies, iiek
ek fj i`je
i`jer…
r…
◅ tr`vãs
Fj A`h
A`hkftc
kftcsae
of sae
aá I
Ifjfs
fjfstf,
y quf yetf, fs a
vufjveaàs
`àso`r.
bcf
bcfkk fj Rf
Rfcdc,
cdc, f
fss j` fk
fkfrhá`
frhá` ofj ic
icfje
fje q
quf
uf p`s
p`s`
``
 

Hfkfr`jafktf vfaes ` j` hfktf quf utcjcz` fj a`hkftcsae quf sek pfrsek`s tfrráiej`s,
acfktr`s quf fj a`hkftcsae ifjfstf sek pfrsek`s iekfit`o`s iek j`s fkfrhá`s ofj icfje.
M`bjàb`aes of j` ofier`icùk of j` i`s` t`abcãk peofaes m`bj`r of j` ofier`icùk cktfrk`.
S j` ofier`icùk cktfrk` fs j` fspcrctu`jco`o. Fk fj k¼ 6 m`y scfaprf uk peie of
fspcrctu`jco`o.
Fj sfhukoe j`oe ofj k¼ 6 sek jes prckicpces of vco` y `quá i`o` uke tcfkf sus prepces
prckicpces.. ^er flfapje, f
prckicpces fk
k fj a`rie of jj`
` rfjchcùk m`
m`brà
brà i`tùjcies
i`tùjcies,, pretfst`ktfs, Csj`a,… y

fstf a`rie
_`abcãk pufof
pufof sfra`rie
sfr uk auy capert`ktf p`r`
pejátcie, e uk j` pfrsek`.
a`rie `rtástcie, e a`rie ofpertcve, pfre
prckicp`jafktf fs uk guko`afkte of vco`.
 @jhucfk quf
quf fs k¼ 6 fk iek
ieksujt`,
sujt`, `ktfs of iieafkz`r
eafkz`r ckij
ckijuse,
use, jf m`he jj`
` prfhukt` schucfktf<
‚ofsiráb`af ieae tcfkf j` i`s`‑, y `ukquf ke tfkh` k`o` quf vfr iek fj aetcve of
ieksujt`, fjj` m`bj`rà of iùae tcfkf j` i`s` y j` fstcauj`rãcs p`r` quf m`bjf of su cktfrcer,
su fstrãs ocsackuyf y ofspuãs pufof pj`ktf`r j` ieksujt` perquf fstà fk iekgc`kz`. ^er
flfapje uk` pfrsek` iek uk` fkgfrafo`o hr`vf quf fs k¼ 6 fst`rà auy sfkscbjf ` j` gera`
of `iehfrj`. Yc m`y uk` m`bct`icùk fk j` quf ke sf scfkt` ` huste sf jf pufof oficr quf
tfkh` uk` gete of jes suyes e uk` gete of su i`s` y fste jf rfi`rh`rà j`s pcj`s. Yek
ieksfles ` o`r p`r` quf ocsackuy` fj fstrãs.
KVOE FAEICEK@J.- _cfkf sus prckicpces y su a`rie of vco`. Vk` a`kfr` of `gfit`rj` fs
fktr`r fk su i`s` y i`abc`rjf teo`s j`s ies`s. Yf jf v`k ` gukocr jes i`bjfs. ^`r` fjj` fs
auy capert`ktf
‚vufstre afkt`j sufstà
cktfrcer. M`y uk`chu`j
erh`kcz`oe gr`sfquf
auy vufstre
gufrtf, cktfrcer‑. Iu`koe fstàcs fk uk`
i`s` y fs uk` i`s` sck erofk qucfrf oficr quf ofktre of vufstr` i`bfz` j`s ies`s ke fstàk
fk erofk.
Yc prfstàcs uk peie of `tfkicùk, sck sfr ebsfscves, fs kera`j quf fj cktfrcer of vufstr` i`s`
fstã of a`kfr` `ifpt`bjf. ^fre per uk j`oe fkiektr`rãcs ` hfktf quf prfst` auimásca`
`tfkicùk ` ieae fstà fk su cktfrcer y m`y hfktf quf fj cktfrcer of su i`s` fstà mfime uk
ofs`strf. Wcvcr fk uk` i`s` quf fstà mfim` uk ofs`strf seje m`if quf `ifktu`r fj i`es
cktfrcer. ^`r` uk` pfrsek` quf fs 6 sc su i`s` fstà mfim` uk ofs`strf, fs hr`vf ` kcvfj
psáqucie. Fj kcvfj psáqucie fs fj prcafr kcvfj p`r` fkgfra`r ` kcvfj erhàkcie, y` quf j`
fkgfrafo`o prcafre fs psáquci` y ofspuãs erhàkci`.
Fj k¼ 6 m`y quf vfrje ` ocstcktes kcvfjfs, ` kcvfj a`tfrc`j fstà j` ofier`icùk of j` i`s`, ieae
fstàk pufst`s j`s ies`s fk i`s`4 pfre fstà t`abcãk j` ofier`icùk cktfrcer, iu`jfs sek jes
prckicpces gcjesùgcies,
gcjesùgcies, fspcrctu`jfs, rfjchceses, tus rfhj`s. ^er flfapje, sc tu
t u prckicpce fs fj
rfspfte y `jhucfk tf g`jt` `j rfspfte, fs `jhe quf tf `gfit` auime, uk bceimei pufof vfkcr
per `má. J` i`s` fs capert`ktf p`r` uk 6, fs su rfguhce faeicek`j.
^CJ@R ^REGFYCEK@J.- J` ofier`icùk, fj ocsfðe, j` irf`icùk. _`abcãk pufof sfr
ofier`icùk of cktfrcerfs.
cktfrcerfs. Fj 6 fs fj a`rie, jes prckicpces.
BVYPVFO@ OF J@ @RAEKC@.- Fs capert`ktf fj a`rie of vco`, jes prckicpces ofktre of j`
i`s`, ofktre of uke acsae, j` ofier`icùk.
BVYPVFO@ FY^CRC_V@J.- Capert`ktf of ac a`rie pfrsek`j, ofier`icùk fxtfrcer y fj
ofiere cktfrke
KVAFRE OF RFYCY_FKIC@.- Yek acs prckicpces, pufofk sfr acs iekvciicekfs pejátci`s e
rfjchces`s quf ke sek rfspft`o`s.
KVAFRE OF FAFRHFKIC@.
FAFRHFKIC@.-- Acs guko`afktes ` kcvfj of ac ofier`icùk cktfrk`.
 

Küafre 7
Kcðe, `oejfsifktf, pj`ifr, lufhe, ckeifktf, ke pufof qufo`rsf sfkt`oe fk fj fsircterce.
^FRYEK@JCO@O ^REGVKO@
Vk k¼ 7 fs uk` pfrsek` quf sf ocvcfrtf, quf jf hust` m`ifr imcstfs, fs uk` pfrsek` quf sf
pfractf m`ifr p`s`r `j kcðe cktfrcer `ktfs quf fj `oujte. Yek sfrces pfre scfaprf kes
tea`rfaes j`s ies`s iek muaer fk uk sfhukoe pj`ke. Fs oekof oftfite aàs y`ifktfs,
perquf sek pfrsek`s quf jfs hust`k auime j`s mcsterc`s, quf jfs hust` ocvfrtcrsf, rfársf.
Iu`koe vfe uk k¼ 7 quf fstà trcstf fs uk y`icfktf sfhure, perquf tcfkf fst` afaerc` of ke
peofr tea`r pj`ifr.
Fj 7 fs fj pj`ifr ckeifktf ofj kcðe. Vk 7 quf ke iekeif mcsterc`s imcstes`s ke fs uk
vfro`ofre 7.
Vk` mcsterc` sebrf fj ^/Y< Yek oes a`orfs luoá`s quf fstàk fk j` pj`y` y uk` jf ocif ` j`
etr`<
 ’ ¡M`k irficoe
irficoe tus mcles! µPuã ffo`o
o`o tcfkfk `mer`5
`mer`5 ’
Fj `beh`oe tcfkf 6 `ðes, y fj oeiter, ofktre of trfs sfa`k`s tfkorà 9 `ðes.
Fj k¼ 7 fs uk` pfrsek` quf fa`k` `jfhrá`, quf jf hust` ocvfrtcrsf y fs uk` pfrsek` peie
iekgjcitcv` perquf scfaprf sf pufof rfár of teoe je quf fstà eiurrcfkoe.
Yc tfkhe fk uk` ieksujt` uk` pfrsek` quf fs 7, vey ` iekt`rjf uk imcstf, p`r` ocsackucr su
fstrãs cktfrcer y `sá m`ifr p`s`r j` ckgera`icùk.
Vk 7 trcstf fs chu`j ` y`icfktf. Fs `jhucfk quf jjfv` uk` afaerc` of aufrtf. Yc jf iufkt`s
uk` mcsterc` sf rfcrà of gera` y`icfktf. Vk 7 pure fs uk p`y`se.
Vk` aulfr quf tr`b`l` of fkgfrafr` y ke jf hust`. Yc sf `burrf fs quf fstà rfp`r`koe. Fjj`
fs
7 y ye jf fxpjcie quf fs sf k¼ 7 y af ocif< ‚ac sufðe fs m`ifr of p`y`se fk fj
mespct`j‑.
^er je t`kte sfhucrà rfp`r`koe, pfre scfkoe fjj` acsa`. Iu`koe jf m`bjã ofj 7 fjj` sf
rfiekeicù, peofaes `o`pt`r kufstr` pregfscùk iek j` kuafrejehá`.
Etre `spfite ofj k¼ 7 auy capert`ktf, j` p`j`br` ij`vf fs `raeká`. Ke jf hust`k j`s
ocsieroc`s, fs fj tápcie ‚rfj`icekfs pübjci`s‑, fj quf pekf of `iufroe ` teoes, uk bufk
kfheic`ktf perquf fkiufktr` fqucjcbrce fk iu`jqucfr sctu`icùk.
S` vfcs quf iek uk 7 fs gàicj vcvcr, perquf tf ráfs.
Fj k¼ 7 ke tcfkf uk` p`tejehá` fspfiágci`, pufof tfkfr iu`jqucfr sáktea`, pfre ke m`y
kckhuk` fspfiágci`. Fs fj kcðe cktfrke quf pufof fxprfs`rsf y uk` p`rtf of j`s
fkgfrafo`ofs fs quf fj kcðe cktfrcer fstà bjequf`oe.
KVOE FAEICEK@J.- @j k¼ 7 m`y quf iekt`rjf mcsterc`s ocvfrtco`s. _cfkfk kfifsco`o of
rfársf. Yc `jhucfk k¼ 7 fstà auy fkgfrae jf ocrfaes quf acrf ieafoc`s, quf `jqucjf OWO of
ieafoc`s, sfscekfs of tfr`pc` of j` rcs`.
^CJ@R ^REGFYCEK@J.- _cfkf quf sfr uk` pregfscùk oekof sf pufo` rfár,
tcfkf quf tfkfr lufhe…, per flfapje, tfr`pfut` of j` rcs`. Fs uk tfr`pfut` quf
tr`b`l` iek fj kcðe cktfrcer.
BÜYPVFO@ OF J@ @RAEKÁ@.- _eoes jes oá`s tcfkfs quf rfártf. Vk` ies` `j a`rhfk, sc
tfkhe uk 7 fk büsqufo` of j` `raeká`, pfre ke ieksche rfár fk ac vco`, pufoe fsiehfr uk`
p`rfl` quf tcfkf uk` ^^ 7, per je t`kte fjj` af rfi`rh` teoes jes oá`s.
BÜYPVFO@ FY^CRC_V@J.- Fs j` ckg`kic`, fj lufhe…
KÜAFRE OF RFYCY_FKIC@.- Fj kcðe cktfrcer quf ke fs rfspft`oe.

KÜAFRE OF FAFRHFKIC@.- Ke oey sugcicfktf iekgc`kz` ` ac kcðe cktfrke, sey auy sfrce,
ke je ofle cr.
 

Küafre 8
Oeackce, iektrej, tea` of oficscekfs y rfspeks`bcjco`ofs, pescicek`rsf, fj afkt`j quf iert`
jes i`bfjjes fk iu`tre, pufof qufo`rsf sfkt`oe fk fj ofsp`ime, `ja`ifk` fj iekeicacfkte.
Rfm`ifrsf, rfieapekfrsf.

^FRYEK@JCO@O
^`r` fj k¼ 8 m`y uk^REGVKO@
pukte p`rtciuj`r. Ebsfrv`r fj iu`ore of ^`bje ^ci`sse, fj kcðe `hu`kt`
uk` p`jea`< fj prebjfa` ofj 8 fs quf sc `prcft` ofa`sc`oe, j` a`t` y sc ke `prcft`
sugcicfktf, sf fsi`p`.

Fj prebjfa` ofj k¼ 8 fs fj iektrej. J` p`j`br` ij`vf fs iektrej.

Fj 8 t`abcãk fs fj afkt`j. Fj 9 mfaes vcste quf fs fj cktfjfite, pfre ke fs je acsae. Fj
cktfjfite fs j` rfgjfxcùk, j`s cof`s.
Fj 8 fs afkt`j. Fs `jhucfk quf pufof bjequf`rsf fk fj afkt`j perquf scfaprf qucfrf
busi`r j` sejuicùk, qucfrf ieaprfkofr. ^er flfapje, sc uk 8 af m`if uk` prfhukt` y ye jf
rfspekoe sfhuco`afktf af ocrà< ‚µper quã5‑. S iu`koe vufjv` ` rfspekofr,
vejvfrà ` prfhukt`raf µ^er quã5 ^erquf fj k¼ 8 qucfrf fktfkofr.
Yek pfrsek`s quf iert`k jes ‚pfjes fk iu`tre trezes‑. Fs uke of jes küafres aàs
ocgáicjfs ` kcvfj psciejùhcie. Fj rfte ofj 8 fs s`bfr ieae ofl`r quf j`s
ies`s gjuy`k. @mer` y` s`bãcs quf sc tfkãcs auime iektrej v`cs ` `meh`r j` p`jea`.
Mf ocime quf fs uke of jes aàs ocgáicjfs, pfre fs t`abcãk uk k¼ of jes aàs gàicjfs of tr`t`r,
perquf fj 8 fs uk` pfrsek` cktfjfitu`j quf fstà aàs bcfk fk fj afkt`j y m`y quf cr ` busi`r
fk su vco` jes aeafktes fk quf fstey flfricfkoe fstf iektrej y m`ifrsf j` prfhukt`
schucfktf< ‚µfs quf fs vct`j, fsfkic`j p`r` aá mey of iektrej`r teoe fste5‑.
Ca`hck`res uk` aulfr 8 iek uk meabrf ?… fs fj iektrej. J` fx`hfr`icùk ofj 8 fs
sfr fj lfgf of j` g`acjc`< qucfrf iektrej`r ` jes kcðes, j` i`s`, j` p`rfl`, j` ieaukco`o, fj
vficke,… Fs je aàs ocgá ocgáicj
icj of ofsm`ifr. Iu`koe aàs iektrej`, aàs sf pufof
bjequf`r, per je t`kte sf jf prepekf m`ifr uk tr`b`le cktfrke.
 @j k¼ 8 jf hust`
hust` tea`r oficsce
oficscekfs
kfs p`r` peo
peofr
fr iektrej`r. M
Mfaes
faes vcste quf fj k¼ 7 ke puf
pufof
of
fst`r sfkt`oe auime r`te. Fk i`abce fj 8 pufof fst`r ofj`ktf fj erofk`oer our`ktf mer`s.
S jf hust` fj erofk`oer perquf jf hust` iektrej`r.
 

 @ kcvfj of p`tejehá`,
p`tejehá`, j` p`j
p`j`br`
`br` iektrej, µf
µfk
k quf ùrh`ke jfs m`if pfk pfks`r5
s`r5 Fk fj Ycstf
Ycstfa`
a`
Kfrvcese. Fj 8 fs fspfiágcie of j` Fsijfrescs Aüjtcpjf, fs fj iektrej kfrvcese, fj iektrej of j`s
ckgera`icekfs
_eo`s j`s pfrsek`s quf tcfkfk k¼ 8 m`k of m`ifr prfvfkicùk p`r` quf fstf iektrej afkt`j
sf iekvcfrt` fk iektrej gáscie. Fj ^`rdcksek, j`s p`ràjcscs, teoe je quf fs scstfa` kfrvcese
rfgfrfktf ` o`r j` erofk ` jes aüsiujes, y` quf teoe je quf iektreje afkt`jafktf fk
pscieseaàtci`
pscieseaàtc i` sf tr`ksgera`rà ` kcvfj of scstfa` kfrvcese. _`abcãk tcfkf p`tejehá`

ochfstcv`, fj fstùa`he
iekeicacfktes y fj cktfstcke ofjh`oe, perquf fs j` ochfstcùk y j` `scacj`icùk of
scabùjci`afktf.
Fj k¼ 8 fs ‚ye pcfkse, ye pcfkse, ye pcfkse…‑Fj 8 fk tfr`pc` fs fj aàs oure, qucfrf
fktfkofrje teoe y iu`koe sf je fxpjci`s prfhukt` µ^er quã5 M`y quf
m`ifr uk` ies`, jf fxpjciàcs y jf ofiás j` gr`sf fx`it`< ‚es v`cs ` i`s`, je v`s `
pfks`r y rfgjfxcek`r y ofspuãs vejvãcs ` vfraf sc es `pftfif‑.
J` p`j`br` ij`vf p`r` fj 8 fs pfks`r sebrf `jhe, rfgjfxcek`r. Fj rfte ofj k¼ 8 fs
‚`gjel`r fj iektrej‑.
KVOE FAEICEK@J.- Fs fj iektrej, iu`koe m`y uk 8 fk fstf kcvfj fs fj iektrej of j`s
faeicekfs. Iu`koe `jhucfk quf vcfkf ` tfr`pc` tcfkf uk 8 fk fstf kcvfj, fs `jhucfk quf
bjequf` sus faeicekfs, fs `jhucfk ` quf m`y quf `yuo`rj` ` ofl`r s`jcr sus faeicekfs y je
bufke fs quf tfkfaes jes afoces p`r` m`ifrj` m`bj`r.
^CJ@R ^REGFYCEK@J.- Vk` pregfscùk of iektrej, iektrej`r j`s iufkt`s, jes preouites, j`s
pfrsek`s, iektrej gcsi`j, ckgeraàtci`,… Yek jes preteiejes. Imcstc`k Gjíimf fs k¼ 8.
BVYPVFO@ OF J@ @RAEKC@.- Kfifscte iektrej`r teoes jes oá`s, pfre ke ofa`sc`oe
ofa`sc`oe,, scke
sf reapf j` aàquck`.
BVYPVFO@ FY^CRC_V@J.-
FY^CRC_V@J.- Jjfve fj iektrej p`r` vcvcr bcfk, pfre sck fxifofraf p`r` ke
bjequf`r fj scstfa`.
KVAFRE OF RFYCY_FKIC@.- Af reapfk fk ac a`kfr` of erh`kcz`raf, of m`ifr, of
iektrej`r j`s ies`s.
KVAFRE OF FAFRHFKIC@.- ^`r` s`jcr ofj `hu` ofbe iektrej`r j` sctu`icùk. Iu`koe ke
fstey bcfk fs quf ke mf iektrej`oe sugcicfktf. Iu`koe tfkfaes uk aeafkte ocgáicj fs `má
quf tfkfaes quf cr ` busi`r.

KÜAFRE =
^eofr, lustcic`, gufrz`,
^FRYEK@JCO@O fstr`tfhc`, pj`kcgci`icù
^REGVKO@ pj`kcgci`icùk,
k, fqucjcbrce, s`bcourá`, iekicjc`oer.
Fj k¼ = af scrvf i`o` vfz p`r` cjustr`r jes küafres fk jes trfs kcvfjfs. _eoes jes küafres
tcfkfk trfs kcvfjfs of cktfrprft`icùk<
cktfrprft`icùk<
◅ Fj kckcvfj b`
b`le
◅ Fj kckcvf
vfjj fa
faei
eice
cek`
k`jj
◅ Fj kckcvf
vfjj fs
fspc
pcrc
rctu
tu`j
`j
_eoes jes küafres pufofk fxprfs`rsf fk fstes trfs kcvfjfs. Fj 6 mfaes vcste quf fs j`
ofier`icùk cktfrcer of j` i`s`, pfre t`abcãk fs a`hkftcsae.
Fj = fs fx`it`afktf fste, fstà fk su gera`. Fj = of b`sf, ` kcvfj bcejùhcie fs fj tfrrcterce.
Fs hfktf quf kfifsct`
kfifsct` fst`r f fk
k su tfrrcterce, tfr
tfrrcterce
rcterce rf`j (j` i`s`…), scabùjcie (f (fjj tr`b`le,
j` g`acjc`, fti.). µIuàj fs j` gukicùk bcejùhci` ofj tfrrcterce5 ^`r` j` rfpreouiicùk. Fj tfrrcterce
fs bcejùhcie y uk k¼ = v` ` fst`r `gfit`oe p`rtciuj`rafk
p`rtciuj`rafktf tf per jes iekgjcites of tfrrcterce.
Kfifsct`ckgjufkic`
tfkoràk uk tfrrcterce
tfrrcterce y fste
sebrf j` sf `seic` ` j`^er
sfxu`jco`o. sfxu`jco
sfxu`jco`o.
`o. ^er
je t`kte fj k¼je =t`kte jes iekgjcites
fs ‚ye of of
sey fj lfgf tfrrcterce
ac
 

tfrrcterc e, se
tfrrcterce, seyy fj a`ime e mfabr` ` `jg`‑,
jg`‑, y per fste f fjj k¼ = pufof tfkfr
ofpfkofkic` ofj ockfre. ^erquf fj tfrrcterce fs chu`j ‚sey fj lfgf‑, fs chu`j ` ‚peofr‑,
fs chu`j ` ‚ockfre‑.
Fk j`s fspficfs `kca`jfs fj lfgf ofj tfrrcterce fs fj aàs gufrtf, pfjf`k p`r` tfkfr uk
tfrrcterce. Fk jes mua`kes ke fs je acsae. Fj quf tcfkf peofr fs fj quf tcfkf ockfre. ^er
fste j` sfxu`jco`o scfaprf tcfkf uk` rfj`icùk iek fj ockfre. S jes icacfktes of teoe fste sek
fj tfrrcterce y fj peofr fk fj tfrrcterce. S p`r` tfkfr uk tfrrcterce m`y quf pj`kcgci`r fj `iifse `j

treke. ^er je
prfvcfkoe t`kteluh`o`s.
v`rc`s jes aflerfs luh`oerfs
Fs oficr, of `lforfz
quf tcfkf vcscùk `sek k¼ =pj`ze.
j`rhe perquf scfaprf fstàk
Fj k¼ 8 rfgjfxcek` teoe fj tcfape. Fj k¼ = pj`kcgci` teoe fj tcfape, erh`kcz`. Ycfaprf fstà
rfj`icek`oe iek j`s mcsterc`s g`acjc`rfs, perquf ` kcvfj bcejùhcie fs j` s`khrf, j` g`acjc` of
s`khrf, jes p`orfs, jes mfra`kes, jes mcles,… Fs capert`ktf p`r` fj j` g`acjc`
ieks`khuákf` y su fstuoce fs capert`ktf. ^`r` m`ifr prfvfkicùk tfkãcs quf sfr ieksicfktfs
of quf uk iekgjcite g`acjc`r pufof `gfit`res, perquf es ieapreaftãcs iek j` g`acjc` y sc es
ieapreaftãcs ofa`sc`oe peoãcs sfktcres ofgr`uo`oes. ^er flfapje, pj`kcgciàcs vufstres 9>
`ðes of `kcvfrs`rce of beo` y fk vufstr` i`bfz` fstàcs sfhures of quf t`j y t`j pfrsek` v`
` `scstcr ` j` ifjfbr`icùk y sc ke vcfkfk pufof sfktcrsf `gfit`oes, perquf fstà auy jch`oe `
j` g`acjc`. Cr ` ieafr teoes jes oeackhes ` i`s` of jes p`orfs, fs kera`j.
Fj k¼ = fs auy faeicek`j pfre ke je fxprfs`. ^erquf sf qufo` fk fj pukte of cktfrsfiicùk.
_eoes jes küafres quf tcfkfk uk pukte of cktfrsfiicùk tcfkfk uk pukte ofjci`oe, ` kcvfj
scabùjcie, ieae fj ?, fj 8. Yek pfrsek`s auy faeicek`jfs pfre ke je fxprfs`k. Yek
pfrsek`s quf jjer`k pfre kuki` ofj`ktf of jes ofaàs.
Vk` bufk` pregfscùk p`r` fj = fs j` pejátci`, perquf pj`kcgci`. Jes hr`kofs fstr`tfh`s, ieae
K`pejfùk, sek k¼ =. Vk` tfr`pc` faeicek`j p`r` uk k¼ = fs hfkc`j perquf ke fxprfs`k sus
faeicekfs.
S per etre j`oe tfkfaes `jhe auy fjfv`oe, j` fspcrctu`jco`o. Yek pfrsek`s quf tcfkfk uk
hr`k petfkic`j p`r` j` fspcrctu`jco`o. @sá quf tfkãcs trfs tcpes of pfrsek`s fk gukicùk of su
fstruitur`<

^frsek`s quf fstàk fk j` fspcrctu`jco`o y ke tcfkfk ockfre. @quá tfkfaes pfrsek`s ieae uk
hurü, e hfktf quf fstà fk sfit`s, fstàk gufr` of j` rf`jco`o
^frsek`s quf tcfkfk ofa`sc`oe ockfre y ke tcfkfk `iifse ` j` fspcrctu`jco`o. Fstàk
ofa`sc`oe fk j` rf`jco`o
 

Fj cof`j fs uk = fk fqucjcbrce. Yu rfte fs aevfrsf of `rrcb` `b`le, of j` tcfrr` `j icfje, ofj

icfje ` j` tcfrr`, sck p`r`r.
Vk k¼ = fk fqucjcbrce fs capert`ktf fj ockfre, fs capert`ktf fj tfrrcterce y t`abcãk fs
capert`ktf j` fvejuicùk fspcrctu`j y fs fj pukte of fqucjcbrce fktrf jes oes. Fj prebjfa` fstà
fk fj afoce, fk fj kcvfj faeicek`j. Iek j` kuafrejehá` of @jcif B`cjfy vfrfaes quf je quf
fstà bjequf`oe fs fj im`dr` ofj ier`zùk. Yek pfrsek`s quf tcfkfk auime pfre ke je
fxprfs`k. Yf jfs iekscofr` auim`s vfifs ieae j`s pfrsek`s aàs capert`ktfs fk j` g`acjc`

ypufof
p`r` fst`r
sfr uk` iekgjcite
j` `jtur` quf
ofj p`pfj
i`usftcfkfk quf sfr gufrtfs. ^er flfapje, tfkfr quf sfr gufrtf
sebrfpfse.
^`r` fj = fs capert`ktf fkiektr`r fj fqucjcbrce. Fs fj küafre pscieseaàtcie per fxifjfkic`
perquf tfkfaes fj iufrpe, fj fspárctu y, fk afoce, j` faeicùk. Fj rfte ofj = fs `iifofr `
fstf fqucjcbrce fk gukicùk of su fvejuicùk pfrsek`j. Jes hr`kofs gck`kicfres sek =, j` b`ki`
fs k¼ =, j`s ckaebcjc`rc`s t`abcãk, fs fj tfrrcterc
tfrrcterce.
e. Oficaes b`kie of ockfre, b`kie of
fspfra`…, fs fj peofr.
Etr` p`j`br` ij`vf p`r` fj k¼ = fs jùhci`, tcfkf quf sfr jùhcie p`r` uk k¼ =. ^`r` fj = fs
capert`ktf j` g`acjc`, fj tfrrcterce.
KVOE FAEICEK@J.- Fs `jhucfk quf fs sfkscbjf `j peofr, `j ockfre, t`abcãk fs sfkscbjf `
j` pj`kcgci`icùk, t`abcãk fs capert`ktf fj fqucjcbrce fktrf j` fspcrctu`jco`o
fspcrctu`jco`o y fj ockfre. Fk uk
pj`ke auy tfrrfk`j fs fj ockfre. ^er flfapje sc qufrãcs jch`r iek `jhucfk k¼ = jf p`hàcs fj
rfst`ur`ktf y fst`rà auy iektfkte. ^`r` uk = fs vct`j fkiektr`r uk fqucjcbrce fktrf j`
fspcrctu`jco`o y fj ockfre, tcfkf quf fkiektr`r uk fqucjcbrce gck`kicfre.
^CJ@R ^REGFYCEK@J.- Fs teoe je quf tei` jes trfs kcvfjfs< ockfre, peofr y fspcrctu`jco`o y
fj fqucjcbrce fktrf jes trfs. Vk b`kqufre, uk iekt`bjf, fs uk` bufk` pregfscùk of =, hfstcùk
ckaebcjc`rc`.
ckaebcjc` rc`. J` pscieseaàtc
pscieseaàtci`
i` fs =, fs fj fqucjcbrce faeicek`j, fspcrctu`j, a`tfrc`j, fs busi`r
fj fqucjcbrce. Fj huá` fspcrctu`j fs =, uk pregfser of yeh` fs =, per flfapje.
BÜYPVFO@ OF J@ @RAEKÁ@.- Fs fj ockfre, fj fqucjcbrce, j` fspcrctu`jco`o,…
BÜYPVFO@ FY^CRC_V@J.-
FY^CRC_V@J.- ^`r` vejvfr etr` vfz fk fj scstfa` fj ockfre, fj tfrrcterce, j`
fspcrctu`jco`o, fj fqucjcbrce…
KÜAFRE OF RFYCY_FKIC@.- Ke tf pfractfk pj`kcgci`r j`s ies`s, fqucjcbr`r j`s ies`s.
KÜAFRE OF FAFRHFKIC@.- Fs fj tfrrcterce, fj ockfre, quf ke mf pj`kcgci`oe
ierrfit`afktf,
ierrfit`afk tf, af mf fqucvei`oe
fqucvei`oe,, per je t`kte tfkhe quf rffstruitur`raf
rffstruitur`raf ` kcvfj of
ockfre…

KÜAFRE 3
Fxpfrcafkt`icùk, fj afkt`j quf fxpfrcafkt`, iufstcek`acfkte sebrf j` fvejuicùk,
kfifsco`o ofj `bsejute, of `pfrtur`, acireiesaes, a`ireiesaes, ifrfbre, ftfrkco`o,
cktfaper`j, fxpjer`r fj aukoe hfehràgcie, i`vcj`icùk, ckieksicfktf iejfitcve, `rquftcpes.
^FRYEK@JCO@O ^REGVKO@
Fst`s sek j`s pfrsek`s ij`vfs. M`y oes ies`s ` rftfkfr p`r` fk k¼ 3< fs j`
fxpfrcafkt`icùk. µPuã qucfrf oficr fste5 Fk k¼ 3 ke pufof `ifpt`r sc ke m`
fxpfrcafkt`oe. Fs oficr, iu`koe tfkhe uk 3 ofj`ktf jf fxpjcie ac mcsterc` of j`
ofsieocgci`icùk, jf oche quf rfgjfxcekf, jf oche quf fxpfrcafktf y sc qucfrf, quf vufjv` `
vfraf. Ke kes irff ` j` prcafr`, ke pufofs vfkofrjf `jhe quf ke sf` `utãktcie.
Yek hfktf ` j`s quf jfs hust` fxpfrcafkt`r. Fj a`yer rfh`je p`r` uk kcðe k¼ 3 fs uk lufhe
of quáaci`, e j` ieick`, p`r` m`ifr fxpfrcafktes.
J`
qufsfhuko` p`j`br`
ke m` mfime ij`vfpfrsek`j
tr`b`le fs rfgjfxcek`r p`r` rfgjfxcek`r
fstà scfaprf (crsf per
rfgjfxcek`koe, jes ifrres
2? mer`s of Fstà
`j oá`. Übfo`). Fj 3
 

iekfit`oe iek fj ckieksicfktf iejfitcve, fs uk hr`k seð`oer, ke fstà fk j` rf`jco`o, qucfrf

i`abc`r fj aukoe. Fj 3 quf qucfrf i`abc`r fj aukoe ofbf `seic`rsf iek uk k¼ =. Fj k¼ 3 fs
fj cof`j, j` utepá`. ^fre sebrf teoe rfgjfxcek` sebrf iu`jqucfr ies`. @ ocgfrfkic` ofj 8, quf
rfgjfxcek` sebrf `jhe prficse, p`rtciuj`r, sc tcfkf uk prebjfa` fk j` i`bfz`, teoe fj oá` jf o`
vufjt`s `j acsae prebjfa`4 fj 3 sek teoes jes prebjfa`s, v` ` cr of uk` ies` ` etr`.
Fj k¼ 3 fs `jtrucst`, t`abcãk ` teoe je quf fs b`sf 3, j` p`j`br` ij`vf fs mua`kcst`
mua`kcst`..
Hfkfr`jafktf fj 3 ke h`k` auime ockfre, e bcfk h`k` auime pfre h`st` auime p`r` jes

ofaàs. Fs i`p`z
ofaàs p`s`k of s`ircgci`sf
ofj`ktf of ãj. Fsper‚yejeskeofaàs, jes
sey k`ocf, teoe p`r` jes ofaàs‑.
Vk flfapje tápcie of k¼ 3, vcke uk` `juak` our`ktf uk `ðe ` pscieseaàtci` y ofspuãs af
pcocù ieksujt`. S af prfhukt`< µustfo sf je irff fste of j` pscieseaàtci`5 Fksfhuco`
pfksã quf fr` uk 3, quf kfifsct` fxpfrcafkt`r, kuki` v` ` irffr. M`y quf ofl`rje cr, quf
rfgjfxcekf, quf fxpfrcafktf. Fj 3 p`r` iekgc`r kfifsct` fxpfrcafkt`r. Fj = kuki` iekgá`,
perquf fs fj lfgf y sc iekgá` `jhucfk pufof tea`r su juh`r.
Fj k¼ 3 fs t`abcãk fj ckieksicfktf iejfitcve. Fs oficr quf tcfkf uk oek, uk` prfocspescicùk
fk rfj`icùk ` j`s fkfrhá`s ukcvfrs`jfs, per je t`kte pufof tr`b`l`r sebrf fj ckieksicfktf
iejfitcve, sebrf jes `rquftcpes…, pfre t`abcãk fs fj aukoe y fj aukoe fs t`abcãk j`
hfehr`gá`. Vk rfh`je p`r` uk 3 pufof sfr uk jcbre of hfehr`gá` e uk vc`lf. Yc qucfrfs jch`r
iek uk` imci` 3 ofbfs jjfv`rj` ` uk juh`r quf m`y` p`cs`lfs, j` aekt`ð`, j`hes, p`cs`lfs
quf jf iekfitfk iek fj Vkcvfrse. @j 3 jf hust` fj p`cs`lf y jfs hust` m`ifr fj `aer `j `crf
jcbrf, perquf fk rf`jco`o m`ifk fj `aer iek fj ukcvfrse fktfre.
Vk k¼ 3 pufof vfr uk p`cs`lf y faeicek`rsf. Fj = ke vf uk p`cs`lf, vf uk tfrrcterce y je v` `
vfkofr. Fj 3 fs fj ukcvfrse rf`j (fj p`cs`lf, j` hfehr`gá`) y fj scabùjcie (fj ckieksicfktf
iejfitcve, jes `rquftcpes). Jes fiejehcst`s
fiejehcst`s y jes `ktcscstfa` sek k¼ 3.
Iu`koe oficaes quf fj k¼ 3 fs ckieksicfktf iejfitcve qucfrf oficr quf sf pufof sfktcr
`gfit`oe e rfj`icek`oe iek pfrsek`s ofj etre j`oe ofj hjebe, per flfapje, sfktcrsf `gfit`oe
per uk` i`tàstregf quf suifof fk etr` p`rtf. Yek t`abcãk j`s hr`kofs jfyfs ofj ukcvfrse.
^er flfapje, j` bceofsieocgci`icùk fs k¼ 3, perquf p`r` ieaprfkofr j`s fkgfrafo`ofs
v`aes ` busi`r fj gukicek`acfkte bcejùhcie of etr`s fspficfs quf `o`pt`rfaes `j meabrf.
Fk j` psciejehá` m`y uk` bufk` p`rtf of ckieksicfktf iejfitcve.
Fj 3 fs fxpfrcafkt`icùk, ke cktfktãcs iekvfkifrje, ke scrvf of k`o`. @j k¼ 3 jf o`s `jhe
capert`ktf y jf ocifs quf rfgjfxcekf. S iu`koe vufjvf jf o`s etr` ckgera`icùk capert`ktf y jf
ocifs quf rfgjfxcekf. Kuki` jf v`s ` o`r teo` j` ckgera`icùk ` j` vfz.
 @jhucfk quf
quf rfgjfxcek` f
fk
k fxifse ke m m`y
`y quf pfocrj
pfocrjf
f quf m`h` u uk
k tr`b`le afk
afkt`j4
t`j4 m` of
m`ifr uk tr`b`le rf`j, of fkr`cz`acfkte, tei`r ies`s rf`jfs, i`ack`r iek jes pcfs ofsi`jzes
sebrf j` mcfrb`.
Yc tfkhe `j j`oe uk k¼ 3 quf i`abc` of epckcùk i`o` oá`, e pcfks` fk auim`s ies`s ` j` vfz
fkiufktre quf fs kera`j. Jes kcðes 3 fstàk iejh`oes of j` juk`, perquf fstàk fk su sufðe,
j` fkseð`icùk.
J`s p`tejehá`s sek j`s afkt`jfs,
afkt`jfs, fj iufstcek`acfkte fxcstfkic`j,
fxcstfkic`j, aàs psciejùhci`s. ^er
flfapje, ofprfscekfs, bcpej`rco`o…
Jes trfs kcvfjfs of uk k¼ 3 sek< prcafre, j` tcfrr`, j` hfehr`gá`. Ofspuãs fs fj ckieksicfktf
iejfitcve, jes pufbjes, j`s icvcjcz`icekfs.
icvcjcz`icekfs. ^`r` fj 3 jes vc`lfs sek of j`rh` ocst`kic`, `vcùk
8-3 mer`s… Fk fj kcvfj faeicek`j fs j` vcbr`icùk iek je etre, uk p`cs`lf quf af m`if
vcbr`r, j` bfjjfz` ofj aukoe quf pufof faeicek`raf m`st` m`ifraf jjer`r y t`abcãk fj
oejer ofj aukoe y pufoe s`ircgci`raf per fjje, per flfapje, scabùjci`afktf o`koe ockfre e
m`ifrje fk j` rf`jco`o, fk EKH–s.
 

Vk k¼ 3 pufof t`abcãk pufof fst`r rfj`icek`oe iek j`s i`tàstregfs k`tur`jfs, jf `gfit`k fk
uk pukte auy pregukoe, acireiesaes/a`ireiesaes, fs uk fjfafkte pfrtfkficfkoe `j
aukoe fktfre, pfre ofktre of aá fstà fj aukoe fktfre y sc uk` p`rtf ofj aukoe sugrf, fj k¼
3 t`abcãk. Fj k¼ 3 fs j` tfaàtci` ofj hãkfre mua`ke y `kca`j, j` ofgerfst`icùk ofj
 @a`zek`s jfsjfs `gfit` p`rtciuj
p`rtciuj`rafktf.
`rafktf. Fj 3 fs fj quf `oep
`oept`
t` j` vfstcafkt` o
of
f etr`s ftkc`s.
Fj k¼ 3 fs fj a`yer rfp`r`oer ` kcvfj of j` kuafrejehá`. Iu`koe o`s m`y auim`s
pescbcjco`ofs of quf tü rfp`rfs. ^`r` uk 3 teoes gera`k p`rtf of j` acsa` g`acjc`, su

g`acjc` fs fj quf
qucfrf oficr ukcvfrse. Iu`koe
rfp`r`s. `jhucfk
M`y fj sugrf,
jáactf of qufjffstey
oey. ^fre m`y jáactfs,
m`icfkoe sc o`s
`jhe bcfk, pfreofa`sc`oe
aàs `jjà fstey
quct`koe `jhe ` ac g`acjc`. Rfp`r` j` g`acjc` scabùjci`, quf fs fj rfprfsfkt`ktf of j` g`acjc`
rf`j.
Fste iekicfrkf ` teoe fj aukoe, perquf teoes rfp`r`aes, pfre m`y jcactfs. Jes jáactfs
fstàk fk fj tcfape y fj ockfre quf fktrfh`aes p`r` jes ofaàs. Yc fstàs fk uk` `seic`icùk
i`rct`tcv` uk`s mer`s ` j` sfa`k`, fs kera`j. ^fre sc tf fktrfh`s rfst`koe of je quf ofbfs
o`r ` tu g`acjc`, m`y uk prebjfa`. Ycfaprf tfkfaes quf fst`bjfifr uk jáactf. J` hfktf quf
tr`b`l` kera`jafktf y ke h`k` auime ockfre fs quf fstà rfp`r`koe.
KVOE FAEICEK@J.- Fs j` fxpfrcafk
fxpfrcafkt`icùk,
t`icùk, fs fj ckieksicfk
ckieksicfktf
tf iejfitcve, j`s aekt`ð`s, jes
hr`kofs p`cs`lfs. Yc v` fk ieimf y vf uk p`cs`lf a`hkágcie sf p`r`, sf qufo` acr`koe,
ckijuse pufof jjer`r. Fs fj fiejehcsae, fs `jhucfk quf sf rfi`rh` iek uk p`cs`lf bekcte.
Iek j` bceofsieocgci`icùk tr`b`l`aes sebrf fj scabejcsae of j` fkgfrafo`o, pfre ke kes
eiup`aes of jes guko`afktes of j` pfrsek`. Ofsof m`if `jhük tcfape m`bje of jes
guko`afktes, of `jhe quf fs vct`j p`r` j` pfrsek`. ^`r` uk k¼ 3 fs vct`j p`sf`rsf per j`
k`tur`jfz` p`r` rfi`rh`rsf
^CJ@R ^REGFYCEK@J.- Fj 3 pufof sfr huá` of `jt` aekt`ð`, sek j`s fxpfrcfkic`s rf`jfs,
pfre t`abcãk j`s fspcrctu`jfs. ^er flfapje, sfr huá`
turástcie fs of 3, j` tr`ouiicùk t`abcãk, jes vc`lfs,… j` hfehr`gá` ofj aukoe.
BVYPVFO@ OF J@ @RAEKC@.- ^`r` rfi`rh`rsf rfqucfrf crsf jfles, cr gufr`, cr ` vfr
p`cs`lfs.
BVYPVFO@ FY^CRC_V@J.- J` hfehr`gá`, cr j` aekt`ð`, vcsct`r juh`rfs
k`tur`jfs, j` fiejehá`
KVAFRE OF RFYCY_FKIC@.- Af capcocfrek s`jcr `j fxtfrcer. M`y Fsijfrescs Aüjtcpjf quf
fs k¼ 3, y p`r` fj 3 fs capert`ktf s`jcr `j fxtfrcer, j` hfehr`gá`.
KVAFRE OF FAFRHFKIC@.- ^`r` fafrhfr ofbe cr ` j` k`tur`jfz`, e ` uk vc`lf j`rhe,
jfles of j` g`acjc`, of jes prebjfa`s, p`r` rfi`rh`raf.

KVAFRE 0>
Acfoe of vfr j` hr`kofz` fk aá, ac prepce v`jer, cksfhurco`o, kfifsco`o ofj ofsfqucjcbrce
p`r` fqucjcbr`raf, `rrcfsh`rsf, iekgc`r fk acs i`p`ico`ofs of fsiuim` y irctfrce fk tfa`s
aàs bcfk sutcjfs, sufrtf, serprfkocoe, pruofkic`.
^FRYEK@JCO@O ^REGVKO@
 @j prckicpce p`r` fj 0> se
seje
je ocspeká` of oes p`j`br`
p`j`br`s<
s< cksfhurco`
cksfhurco`o
o y serprfs`. S h
hr`ic`s
r`ic`s `
teoes jes sfack`rces of kuafrejehá` quf mf ieaprfkocoe uk peie aàs.
J` p`j`br` ij`vf fs cksfhurco`o, fs j` p`rtf quf sebrfp`s` ofj cifbfrh, y ofb`le of
cksfhurco`o peoãcs pekfr g`jt` of sfhurco`o fk ac acsae. Kera`jafktf sek kcðes quf
tcfkfk prebjfa`s of sfr rfiekeicoes per jes p`orfs, perquf ` afkuoe, j` g`jt` of iekgc`kz`
vcfkf of uk` g`jt` of ieapreacse per p`rtf of jes p`orfs.
 

Ca`hck`res quf uk kcðe of 2 `ðes vcfkf iek uk ocbule fj`ber`oe per fj y je fksfðf ` sus
p`orfs, je kera`j fs oficrjf quf fs bekcte, quf bcfk je m` mfime…, fstf fs fj
ieapreacse ofj p`orf iek fj kcðe. ^fre sc r`zek` iek su i`bfz` of `oujte y ke jf
m`if i`se, ` fste sf jf jj`a` g`jt` of ieapreacse p`tfrke. S fs quf i`o` vfz quf m`iãcs
uk ocbule vufstres p`orfs fstàk iektfktes, j` `ute-iekgc`kz` sf v` ` ckst`j`r.
Fstf sfktcacfkte sf v` ` fxtr`pej`r ` teoe, per flfapje, j`s `j`ra`s of j` i`s`, sek hfktf
quf sf scfktfk cksfhur`s per teo`s p`rtfs. J` i`rci`tur` sfrá` j` hfktf quf icfrr` j`s
pufrt`s,
fstà j`s vfkt`k`s,
j` cksfhurco`o pekf
scabùjci`, `j`ra`s…,
y per fste ` fs
fste vejvfaes j` cksfhurco`o
rfukcrkes rf`j.
iek j` g`jt` of ^fre t`abcãk
iekgc`kz`.
Iek jes `juakes mfaes puf pufste
ste uk` gr`sf quf m`bj` auime ofj 0>< ‚t ‚tfkhe
fkhe
acfoe of vfr je hr`kocese quf tfkhe ofktre of aá‑. ^erquf fj 0> tcfkf uk
petfkic`j fspcrctu`j cktfrke auy fjfv`oe, pfre ieae ke tcfkf iekgc`kz` fk scacsae, ke sf
`trfvf ` `gcra`rsf. Fste v` aàs jfles perquf fj k¼ 0>, fk mfbrfe fs j` jftr` ‚ceo‑, y ‚ceo‑
fs Oces y fj v`jer kuaãrcie fs 0>.

CEOF S@MWFM
Fj 0> tcfkf quf vfr iek Oces. Yf scfktf `tr`áoe per je quf fs, ke per j` rfjchcùk
ebjch`terc`afktf, scke teoe je rfj`icek`oe iek j` fkfrhá` of Oces.
Vk` aulfr k¼ 0> af ocle< ‚tfkhe uk` ca`hfk p`r` cjustr`r je quf scfkte fk jf gekoe of ac
acsa`,
acsa `, i`
i`acke
acke sebr
sebrff uk mcje
mcje,, sc af
af of
oftfkh
tfkhe,
e, af aufr
aufre‑.
e‑. Fs ofic
oficr,
r, quf p`r` uk 0 0>
> pu
pufof
fof
cr auy `rrcb`, pfre scfaprf m`y quf `v`kz`r perquf, sc sf p`r`, j` cksfhurco`o j` `ifim`, sf
pekf fk fstrãs y sf i`f.
 @sá quf fj 0> sek
sek hfktf quf seksek auy sutcjfs ffk
k su cktfrcer, p
pfre
fre ke `i`b`
`i`b`k k of `gcra`rsf y
ke iekschufk ieaukci`rsf iek jes ofaàs, perquf fk su cktfrcer scfktfk ies`s auy gufrtfs
pfre vfk quf jes etres ke sf cktfrfs`k per fst`s ies`s y per fste fs ocgáicj of m`bj`r of
fst`s ies`s.
Fst` fs j` cjustr`icùk pfrgfit` of j` pfrsek`jco`o preguko`, fs je quf ke vfaes, je quf
hu`ro`aes fk kufstre cktfrcer, quf k`ocf iekeif. Iek j` kuafrejehá`, iu`koe af
fkiufktre iek uk` pfrsek` quf fs 0> ke pufoe m`bj`rjf chu`j quf ` uk ? e uk 8. Jf m`bje
of Oces, sf` of su prepce Oces, of j` rfjchcùk, ofj rfspfte, of j`s hr`kofs jfyfs of j` vco`, y
fs `jhe quf fs auy gufrtf. S `jhuk`s vfifs fs auy gufrtf y jfs jjfv` ` pr`itci`r j` rfjchcùk
rfjchcùk,, cr
` j` chjfsc`.
Ke tcfkf k`o` quf vfr ieae vcsct`rãcs uk` pfrsek` quf sf` ?, ù 8,… ` uk = jf v`aes `
prfhukt`r iu`kte h`k`. Vk `utãktcie = tcfkf uk` iufkt` fk fj b`kie, uk` iufkt` of
ckvfrscùk, uk` jcbrft` of `merre, y uk = pure seje sf cktfrfs` per jcbres of fiekeaá`… J`
kuafrejehá` es prepekf quf es `o`ptãcs ` j` pfrsek` quf tfkãcs ofj`ktf.
 @ uk k¼ 0> ke jf vey ` rfh`j`
rfh`j`rr uk beke of iieapr`,
eapr`, jes ckv
ckvct`rã
ct`rã ` uk` iek
iekgfrfkic`
gfrfkic` sebr
sebrf
f uk
tfa` of fspcrctu`jco`o, rfj`icek`oe iek jes àkhfjfs, quf sek jes afks`lfres of Oces.
Yc, per flfapje, uk 0> vcfkf ` vcsct`rsf per uk prebjfa` auy hr`vf, m`he oes prfhukt`s
hfkfr`jfs p`r` s`bfr sc fstàk fk j` tfaàtci` of 0>, p`r` iekgcra`r y sc fs `sá, vey `
fapfz`r j` iekvfrs`icùk m`bj`koe of Oces, of uk aeoe hfkfr`j…, fj fstrãs ocsackucrà y
peorà p`s`r j` ckgera`icùk
ckgera`icùk.. Jf vey ` m`bj`r of Oces e vey ` m`ifrjf m`bj`r of
Oces y ofktre of su i`bfz` pcfks` ‚per gck `jhucfk quf af fktcfkof‑. S jufhe
sf `brcrà aàs.
 

µOùkof ict`rá`
ict`rá` ` uk 0>5 Fk u
uk`
k` chjfsc`, per
per fj j`oe fkf
fkfrhãtcie.
rhãtcie. Fj 9 v` ` j` bcbjcetfi`
bcbjcetfi`,, fj 7
`j icrie, fj 3 ` j` aekt`ð`,… fj 0> v` j` chjfsc`, p`r` iekt`it`r iek fst` fkfrhá`.
Fj 0> fs uk peie aàs sutcj. Ke peofaes ocrchcrkes ` uk 0> iek uk` ofsieocgci`icùk
ofa`sc`oe ráhco` e iu`or`o`. Jes quf tr`b`l`k iek jes àkhfjfs sek k¼ 0>. Etr` ies` fs quf
jf hust`k j`s serprfs`s, iek j`s serprfs`s sf rfi`rh`k.
Ofsof fj pukte of vcst` tfr`pãutcie, ca`hck`res uk` aulfr iek iàkifr of a`a` quf fs k¼
0>, j` p`j`br` ij`vf fs cksfhurco`o, µieae v` ofs`rrejj`rsf j` ieksujt`5 Fs oekof m`y aàs
ofsh`stf perquf
prfeiup`icùk fjj`
es j` fs cksfhurco`o
peoãcs i`rh`r. Yc yfj`ofaàs
0> fstà tcfkf
fk fj uk
pcj`riàkifr, seje iek
ofj ier`zùk m`yicfrt`s
quf cr p`j`br`s
iek auimeof
iuco`oe fk ieksujt`. Fs fk fstes i`ses quf oficaes quf uk` p`j`br` fk ieksujt` pufof
iur`r e pufof a`t`r, perquf iu`koe m`y uk 0> ` kcvfj ofj im`ir` ofj ier`zùk qucfrf oficr
quf m`y uk` ckfst`bcjco`o. Vk` bufk` p`j`br` pufof sfr auy tr`kqucjcz`oer`, je prcafre
quf m`y quf oficrjf fs quf jf v`s ` prfsfkt`r ` `jhucfk quf sf m` iur`oe of uk iàkifr of
a`a`, `sá fjj` pufof preyfit`rsf.
M`bãcs fstuoc`oe fj iekgjcite of oc`hkùstcie y fs auy capert`ktf fk uk k¼ 0>, perquf
p`rtcaes of j` cksfhurco`o, of j` g`jt` of iekgc`kz` fk sc acsaes. S fs per fste quf
busi`aes ` Oces, perquf Oces fqucv`jf ` j` sfhurco`o `bsejut`. Iu`koe es sfktás
`ieap`ð`oes, k`o` es pufof suifofr, fs j` aàxca` pretfiicùk.
Fj k¼ 0> ieae fs cksfhure fs `jhucfk quf fs auy pruofktf, fs `jhucfk quf `v`kz`
jfkt`afktf.
^`r` uk 0>, fj kcvfj gáscie, j` p`j`br` ij`vf fs cksfhurco`o. Faeicek`j, fs j` g`jt` of
iekgc`kz` fk sc acsae y ` kcvfj fkfrhãtcie fs Oces, j` fkfrhá` irástci`. J` `iicùk fs uk`
a`kfr` of ke oftfkfrsf y p`r` uk 0> fst`r ckaùvcj fs aercrsf, fst` i`ack`koe sebrf uk
mcje, fk iu`kte sf p`r` sf ofsfst`bcjcz
ofsfst`bcjcz`.
`.
^`r` h`k`r fk sfhurco`o fj 0> tcfkf quf a`ktfkfrsf fk `iicùk y tea`r oficscekfs. J`
cksfhurco`o vcfkf iu`koe ke sf quf m`ifr, pfre sc teae j` oficscùk of `v`kz`r m`ic` uk`
ocrfiicùk ofle of fst`r fk cksfhurco`o. Je quf sf jf prepekf fs `itu`r. Vk` pfqufð`
sutcjco`o< fj 0> p`r` fkiektr`r su fqucjcbrce kfifsct` fj ofsfqucjcbrce, fs oficr quf, p`r`
sfktcrsf vcve kfifsct` quf m`y` iekgjcites
iekgjcites,, fs ‚kfifscte fst`r fk ofsfqucjcbrce p`r`
fqucjcbr`raf‑, fs fj aeter.
KVOE FAEICEK@J.- Yek jes aàs ofjci`oes. Fst`aes fk ofsieocgci`icùk bcejùhci`,
s`bfaes quf j`s faeicekfs sek capert`ktfs y fj kuoe faeicek`j fs j` ij`vf of j`
ofsieocgci`icùk. Yc tfkfaes uk 0> y ke tr`b`l`aes bcfk, v`aes ` fkiektr`r uk 0> cksfhure.
Iek su cksfhurco`o fs ieae peofaes `gfit`r ` j` pfrsek`.
Mfaes vcste quf `j 0>, fst`r fk cksfhurco`o fs je quf jfs pfractf `itu`r, hr`ic`s ` su
cksfhurco`o m`ifk auim`s ies`s. _`abcãk fs fj j`oe fspcrctu`j, Oces, fs capert`ktf p`r` fj.
Yf es prepekf tr`b`l`r.
^CJ@R ^REGFYCEK@J.- _cfkf quf vfr iek j` sfhurco`o. Iekeiá` uk i`se quf sf ofoci`b`
` vfkofr `j`ra`s of sfhurco`o. ^fre t`abcãk j` p`rtf aàs sutcj, of Oces. Fk fj i`se of jes
k¼ 0> ke m`y quf busi`r uk` pregfscùk, m`y quf busi`r uk` acscùk.
BVYPVFO@ OF J@ @RAEKC@.- Fs j` büsqufo` of j` sfhurco`o, e bcfk es iekfitàcs iek
juh`rfs s`hr`oes, fkfrhãtcies.
fkfrhãtcies.
BVYPVFO@ FY^CRC_V@J.- Büsqufo` of j` sfhurco`o y t`abcãk `jhe aàs sutcj, acscùk fk
j` vco`…
KVAFRE OF RFYCY_FKIC@.- Fs j` cksfhurco`o tet`j. Es iufkte uk` p`icfktf iek iàkifr
of sfke quf sf rfsejvcù hr`ic`s ` fste. Fkiektr`aes fj iekgjcite hr`ic`s ` quf jf oclf quf
m`bá` sfktcoe uk` hr`k cksfhurco`o, su a`rcoe tuve uk ckg`rte y fst`b` fktrf j` vco` y j`
aufrtf. Yu rfsfktcr fr` ‚sc ac a`rcoe aufrf,
 

µIùae af j`s `p`ð`rã p`r` `jcafkt`r ` acs mcles5‑.

KVAFRE OF FAFRHFKIC@.- Af scfkte cksfhure, tfkhe quf rftea`r acs b`sfs p`r`
sfktcraf aàs sfhure, e bcfk ke iekgáe fk acs cktucicekfs ` kcvfj fkfrhãtcie.

KVAFRE 00
Hr`k lfgf, cktucicùk, je ke ocime, sfirfte, iekgc`r fk ac cktucicùk, i`k`j, vcejfkic` vfrb`j.
^FRYEK@JCO@O ^REGVKO@
Af mf hu`ro`oe m`st` `mer` quf i`o` küafre tcfkf uk j`oe a`siujcke y uk j`oe gfafkcke.
^er flfapje, vcejfkic` vfrb`j, fs a`siujcke. I`k`j, cktucicùk,
cktucicùk, fs gfafkcke. Fj sfirfte, je ke
ocime, a`siujcke. Hr`k lfgf, a`siujcke.
 @sá quf, fk gukicùk
gukicùk of kufstr` k`tur`jfz` a a`siujck`
`siujck` e gfa
gfafkck`,
fkck`, m`y oe
oess tcpes of
pfrsek`jco`ofs, uk` a`siujck` y etr` gfafkck`. J` pfrsek`jco`o a`siujck` fs `qufj quf sf
fkg`o`, quf hrct`, j` vcejfkic` vfrb`j. Fj etre oá` vcsctã ` uk` p`rfl` quf `abes fr`k k¼ 00,
pfre ckvfrtco`, j` aulfr fr` aàs a`siujck` y fj meabrf gfafkcke. Fjj` fs flfiutcv` of uk`
faprfs` y ocrchf uk ofp`rt`afkte of ckgeraàtci` y per je t`kte m`y quf `gcra`rsf. S fj
a`rcoe m`if Rfcdc.
Fj 00 gfafkcke fs i`k`j, fs j` hfktf quf vf j`s `ur`s. Fj 00 fs j` fkfrhá` ifjfstf, fs j`
fkfrhá` ukcvfrs`j y fj Rfcdc fs uk flfapje tápcie ofj 00. Vk tfr`pfut` 00/2 fs `jhucfk quf
kera`jafktf ke m`bj` auime, `sá quf tr`b`l`rà auime iek fj rfsfktcr. Fj 00 tfkorà iejerfs
sutcjfs fk su i`s`, sek hfktf quf tr`b`l` iek jes àkhfjfs y j` fkfrhá` of jes Àkhfjfs, jes
iufrpes sutcjfs. Fs uk` i`p`ico`o of pfricbcr j` fkfrhá` of jes ofaàs. @sá quf v`k ` rficbcr
cktucicekfs perquf fstàk ieae iekfit`oes iek fst` fkfrhá`.
Fk i`s` of uk 00 m`y per `jhuk` p`rtf scfaprf m`y uk `khfj. _`abcãk jfs hust`k j`s vfj`s
y fj ckicfkse. Fj 00 fstà fkvufjte fk j` fkfrhá`.
 @ kcvfj tfr`pãutcie,
tfr`pãutcie, je quf f
fss a`hkágcie fs q
quf
uf jf o`cs j` cckgera`icùk
kgera`icùk y jj`
` ofl`o quf ssf
f m`h`
seje, perquf teoe gukicek` ` kcvfj fkfrhãtcie. Ke m`y quf o`rjf auim`s fxpjci`icekfs
perquf y` j` tcfkfk. Fj tfr`pfut` 00 seje tcfkf quf m`ifr uk` ies`< `prfkofr, `prfkofr,
`prfkofr…, y our`ktf j` vcsct` sf sufjt` y j` ckgera`icùk v` ` jjfh`r. Vk tfr`pfut`
00 kuki` fs a`siujcke, pufof quf fk fj mespct`j e fk j`s ckstctuicekfs, pfre scfaprf m`y
fstf a`hkftcsae ifjfstf. Vk a`s`lf mfime per uk ? sfrà uk gcscetfr gcscetfr`pãutcie
`pãutcie ijàscie. Vke
mfime per uk 00 ke a`s`lf`, seje p`sf` j` fkfrhá`, pekf fk su juh`r jes puktes of fkfrhá`.
KVOE FAEICEK@J.- Faeicek`jafktf fs sfkscbjf ` teoe je quf fs fkfrhá`, i`k`j. @

`jhucfk quf ^eoãcs

fs fkfrhá`. fs 00 fk kuoe faeicek`j
tr`b`l`r jf tr`vãs
iek uk 00 ` ofiás j`s ies`s pfreperquf
of sáabejes, ke j`sfst`aes
fxpjciàcs,`perquf
kcvfj teoe
fkfrhãtcie, ke m`if g`jt` m`bj`r. Vk` p`rfl` quf `abes sf`k 00 ke tcfkf kc quf m`bj`r, seje
sf scfktfk, s`bf je quf ocif j` etr` pfrsek` sck m`bfrj` fsiuim`oe. Ke m`if g`jt` fxpjci`r
auime, fs auy pesctcve m`ifr uk` tfr`pc` fkfrhãtci`.
^CJ@R ^REGFYCEK@J.- ^er flfapje, a`s`lcst` iek fkfrhá`s fs uk` bufk` pregfscùk p`r`
uk 00, sek j`s fkfrhá`s sutcjfs.
BVYPVFO@ OF J@ @RAEKC@.- I`k`j, fkfrhá`, cktucicùk, fti…
BVYPVFO@ FY^CRC_V@J.- Fs ofl`rsf cr ` j` rfifpicùk of j` ckgera`icùk, fst`r aàs fk j`
fsiuim` y j` cktucicùk. Fs iekgc`r fk uke acsae fk iu`kte ` j` cktucicùk.
KVAFRE OF RFYCY_FKIC@.- Ke tcfkfs iekgc`kz` fk je quf scfktfs.
KVAFRE OF FAFRHFKIC@.- ^`r` fafrhfr tfkhe quf iekfit`r, cr ` juh`rfs fkfrhãtcies,
iekgc`r fk acs cktucicekfs, fsiuim`r ` jes ofaàs,…
 

KVAFRE 02
Ofveicùk, s`ircgcice.
^FRYEK@JCO@O ^REGVKO@
^`r` sfr mekfste es `ieksfle tfkfr uk 02 ifri` of vesetres, perquf scfaprf fstà `jjá p`r`
`yuo`res. Fs j` hfktf quf kuki` ocif quf ‚ke‑, y sek i`p`ifs of fst`r m`icfkoe `jhe y
iu`koe `jhucfk jes jj`a`, je ofl`k teoe p`r` cr ` `yuo`r ` fst` pfrsek`. S fs per fste quf
m`bj`aes of s`ircgcice, perquf scfaprf p`s`k per oftràs of jes ofaàs. S per flfapje, fk
uk` sctu`icùk of sebrfpfse fs pescbjf quf sf` ‚ye tfkhe auime `aer quf o`r `
j` hfktf, tfkhe auim`
aui m` fkfrhá` p`r` `yuo`r`yuo`rjfs‑.
jfs‑. J` fkfrhá
fkfrhá`
` fs fj `züi`r, j`s
hr`s`s fk rfsfrv`. Fj mfime of fst`r `j sfrvcice of jes ofaàs, uk` p`rtf ofj sebrfpfse
fs tfkhe quf tfkfr rfsfrv`s p`r` fst`r jcst` p`r` kutrcr `j ij`k, pufof quf m`y`s scoe
ofschk`o` per tu ij`k p`r` eiup`rtf of teoes.
Jes 02 hfkfr`jafktf ke sek pfrsek`s iekgjcitcv`s, fj ükcie prebjfa`s fs quf v`k
ofa`sc`oe jfles `yuo`koe ` jes ofaàs m`st` quf sf s`ircgci`k fjjes acsaes. ^ufofk
iekvfrtcrsf fk fsij`ves ofj ij`k.
^`r` sejuicek`rje, ieae sek pfrsek`s quf kuki` ocifk quf ke, `ktfs quf k`o` jfs ocifs
quf iu`koe jfs pco`k `jhe iektfstfk< ‚`mer` ke pufoe, pfre jjàa`af
of `quá uk p`r of mer`s‑. Hfkfr`jafktf ke vufjvfk ` jj`a`r, pfre sc je m`ifk jes
`yuo`s y, iu`koe vufjvfk ` jj`a`r jfs ocifs ke pufofs kc mey kc a`ð`k`, quf jj`afk `
p`rtcr ofj oeackhe.
oeackhe. S `sá suifscv`afktf. Ke jf jfss fs gàicj, per fste m`y quf m`ifrje of
a`kfr` prehrfscv`. Fst` fs j` ij`vf p`r` ofl`r of m`ifr teoe per jes ofaàs y jufhe je m`ràs
pfre fk pjfk` iekicfkic`, p`r` `yuo`r ` jes ofaàs, pfre ke p`r` fst`r `j sfrvcice of jes
ofaàs.
_`abcãk sf o` ieae mfaes ocime fk fj 0>, fj ke rfiekeicacfkte y p`r` vcvcr, fj 02 tcfkf
quf s`ircgci`rsf p`r` peofr fxcstcr fk fj ij`k. ^ufof sfr táacoe, peofaes fkiektr`r aàs
bcfk prebjfa`s of i`ràitfr, y `quá m`y quf fxpjer`r fj preyfite/sfktcoe,
preyfite/sfktcoe, fj
tr`kshfkfr`icek`j y vfr su rej fk j` g`acjc`.
KVOE FAEICEK@J.- Fs `yuo`r ` jes ofaàs. @ uk kcðe quf fr` 02 fk kuoe faeicek`j y ke
fst`b` bcfk jf oclf ` sus p`orfs quf jf ieapr`r`k uk `kca`j of ieap`ðá` y jf ieapr`rek
uk màastfr. Ieae jf guf t`k bcfk ofspuãs jf ieapr`rek uk iekfle. E sf jf `pukt`rà ` iruz
rel` ` m`ifr seierrcsae, e `yuo`rà ` jes vfickes sc tcfkfk `jhük prebjfa`…. ^fre
m`y quf prfst`r `tfkicùk ` quf ke sf s`ircgcquf fj acsae. Fj 02 fs pesctcve pfre tcfkf

jáactfs.
^CJ@R ^REGFYCEK@J.- Fs tr`b`l`r p`r` jes ofaàs, pfre cr iek iuco`oe ` ke s`ircgci`rsf.
BVYPVFO@ OF J@ @RAEKC@.- Iuco`r of jes ofaàs prfst`koe `tfkicùk fk ke s`ircgci`res.
BVYPVFO@ FY^CRC_V@J.- _eoes jes oá`s, iu`koe ke fstey bcfk, af iucoe of jes ofaàs.
KVAFRE OF RFYCY_FKIC@.- Af qucfre iuco`r of jes ofaàs pfre ke af ofl`k.
KVAFRE OF FAFRHFKIC@.- Af iucoe of jes ofaàs perquf ke je mf mfime je sugcicfktf,
pufof sfr uk` `seic`icùk i`rct`tcv`, uk `kca`j… fti.

KVAFRE 09
I`abce of fst`oe, oejer, i`abce of pukte of vcst`, gjfxcbcjco`o afkt`j, i`p`ico`o of
fvejuicek`r,
fvejuicek`r, of tr`ksgera`rsf, vcejfkic`.
^FRYEK@JCO@O ^REGVKO@
Fs uk peie fspfic`j, fs fj aàs ocgáicj of jes k¼ of b`sf 22. Fj `ri`ke k¼ 09 ofj t`ret fs j`
aufrtf, pfre ke fs j` aufrtf, scke j` tr`ksgera`icùk. Fj 09 tcfkf quf vfr iek j`
 

tr`ksgera`icùk of uk fst`oe ` etre. ^er flfapje, fstey fk fj vcfktrf of a`a` y k`zie, ye

tr`ksgera`icùk
i`abce of fst`oe, af mf tr`ksgera`oe, fste fs of 09. Yey uk` kcð` y tfkhe j` rfhj`, af
iekvcfrte fk aulfr, t`abcãk fs 09. _fkhe s`juo y fkgfrae, fs uk i`abce of fst`oe,
t`abcãk fs 09. S fs uk i`abce of fst`oe scfaprf `seic`oe ` uk icfrte kcvfj of sugrcacfkte
y of oejer.
J`s p`j`br`s ij`vfs sek tr`ksgera`icùk, sugrcacfkte, oejer. ^er flfapje, fs uk`
gr`sf quf af ofiá` ac a`orf, ‚m`y quf sugrcr p`r` fst`r bfjje‑, ‚p`r` tfkfr ãxcte fk
j` vco`fsm`y
Fj 09 uk k¼quf p`s`rje a`j‑.
ieapjci`oe ^`r` `ji`kz`r
y je vejvfrfaes uk fst`oe
` tr`b`l`r iek fjm`y quf ofj
im`dr` sugrcr.
ier`zùk. J` vcejfkic`
of iu`koe `jhe fs ocgáicj. Fs uk fsgufrze vcejfkte p`r` `ji`kz`r `jhe.
KVOE FAEICEK@J.- Vk` p`j`br` quf ocifk fs quf ‚fs oure, fs ocgáicj‑. Yc fs oure, sc fs
ocgáicj, fs kera`j. Fj prebjfa` fs quf iu`koe vfk quf fs auy ocgáicj qucfrfk juim`r y ke m`y
quf juim`r, m`y quf ofl`rsf jjfv`r perquf fs kera`j. ^ufofk faeicek`rsf iek mcsterc`s quf
ckcic`jafktf
ckcic`jafk tf m` scoe teoe auy ocgáicj y ofspuãs trcukg`k, per flfapje, j` ifkcicfkt`, fs uk`
mcsterc` tápci` of k¼ 09.
Iu`koe uk 09 sf fkiufktrf fk uk` sctu`icùk ocgáicj m` of ca`hck`r quf fs ieae fsi`j`r uk`
aekt`ð` per uk i`acke auy ocgáicj pfre `rrcb` fkiektr`rãcs uk p`cs`lf quf k`ocf aàs v` `
iektfapj`r. Yfrà oure pfre bekcte y fs kera`j quf sf` ocgáicj. Iu`kte aàs oure, afler sfrà
`j gck`j y `sá v`cs ` ocsackucr jes fgfites kfh`tcves ofj 09.
^CJ@R ^REGFYCEK@J.- ^er flfapje, `ieap`ð`r ` jes aercbukoes. Vk` mcsterc`, uk`
aulfr, psciùjeh`, su a`rcoe fr` auy rcie, fjj` tcfkf je quf qucfrf pfre fjj` v` tr`b`l`r ` j`s
prcscekfs y iu`koe s`jf, m`if fj `ieap`ð`acfkte y teoe of gera` vejukt`rc`. Af prfhukt`
perquf m`if fste. Jf oclf quf fr` kera`j perquf tcfkf j` kfifsco`o of `yuo`r ` j`s
pfrsek`s quf tcfkf hr`kofs ocgciujt`ofs.
BVYPVFO@ OF J@ @RAEKC@.- _eoes jes oá`s af fstà prepufste fvejuicek`r, y sc ke
fvejuiceke fapcfz`
fapcfz` ` sfr ocgáicj. _cfkfs uk` büsqufo` iekst`ktf of tr`ksgera`icùk. Fstàs
iekofk`o` ` uk` fvejuicùk iekst`ktf, i`abc`r of vco` y fste fs kera`j fk tc.
BVYPVFO@ FY^CRC_V@J.- Yf es prepekf, iu`koe fstàcs bjequf`oes, fvejuicek`r. J`
ij`vf fs iu`koe sf es prepekf fvejuicek`r y es kfhàcs ` fjje, fste bjequf`. Fsiuim`o j`
ckgera`icùk quf es jjfh`, j`s ieckicofkic`s, j`s sckirekcico`ofs, fste fs capert`ktf p`r`
vesetres, perquf chu`j fstàcs ofktre of uk iufstcek`acfkte y fstàcs bjequf`oes `jjá y fste
bjequf` teoe fj scstfa` perquf je pfksàcs of gera` rfpftctcv`. @tfkicùk ` j`s ckgera`icekfs
fxtfrk`s perquf m`y uk afks`lf quf es jjfh` p`r` fvejuicek`r. Ycke v` ` sfr auy oure. Fj
09 fs hfkc`j iu`koe sf fktcfkof bcfk. ^fre fstàcs iekofk`oes ` fvejuicek`r y es
fkiektràcs afler sc je m`iãcs.
KÜAFRE OF RFYCY_FKIC@.- Ke af m`k ofl`oe fvejuicek`r.
KÜAFRE OF FAFRHFKIC@.- Ke mf peocoe fvejuicek`r, af mf fkiektr`oe bjequf`oe.
Ofbe prepekfraf fvejuicek`r.

KVAFRE 0?
Jcbfr`rsf, a`hkftcsae ifjfstf.
^FRYEK@JCO@O ^REGVKO@
Yc iektàcs fj k¼ of g`j`khfs fk j` a`ke vfrfaes quf m`y 0?, per fste fs j` icgr` of
jcbfr`rsf, of sejt`r `jhe. ^erquf fs iu`koe `bre acs 0? g`j`khfs quf pufoe sejt`r `jhe. Fs
per fste quf iu`koe m`y uk 0? fk `jhük tfa`, j` pfrsek` tcfkf fst` i`p`ico`o of sejt`r
`jhe iek g`icjco`o.
 

_cfkf quf vfr iek fj a`hkftcsae ifjfstf perquf tcfkf quf vfr iek j` fkfrhá` of jes ofoes.
Fs hfktf quf quct` gufhe, quf quct` fj fxifse of gufhe (fk afocick` imck` fs tr`b`l` fk
fste, quct`k fj fxifse of gufhe, t`abcãk
t `abcãk fj rf`j, sc j` pfrsek` sf m` qufa`oe). Fk Gr`kic`,
fk jes mespct`jfs sf m`if vfkcr ` hfktf `sá p`r` `yuo`r ` jes hr`kofs qufa`oes, tcfkfk uk
oek quf jj`a`aes quct`r fj gufhe.
KVOE FAEICEK@J.- Fj k¼ 0? tcfkf quf vfr iek fj sejt`r. Fs oficr quf ` j`s pfrsek`s quf
tcfkfk uk k¼ 0? fk fj kuoe faeicek`j fs ofsprfkofrsf of `jhe teoes jes oá`s, of `jhuk`
ies`, `ukquf
`jhe. Af ke sfp`aes
hust`rá` m`ifr uk of quã, p`r`
sfack`rce offst`r
sejt`rbcfk faeicek`jafktf
ies`s, tfkfaes
scapjfafktf of `brcr j`quf sejt`r
a`ke y sejt`r.
Fs uk tr`t`acfkte scabùjcie of sejt`r `jhe. Fs oficr quf teoes jes oá`s tcfkfk quf sejt`r
`jhe, `j prckicpce iek ies`s pfqufð`s y `j gck`j sejt`aes fj ‚l`rre Ackh‑. ^`rfif uk
flfricice tekte pfre teoes jes oá`s, utcjcz`koe j`s 0? g`j`khfs, fk pjfk` iekicfkic`. @j gck`j
m`y quf iehfr `jhe quf fs auy capert`ktf p`r` tc y s`bfr quf je v`s ` sejt`r. Fs `jhe
prehrfscve.
M`y uk` hr`k
hr`k ocgfrfkic` f
fktrf
ktrf tcr`r y sejt`r `
`jhe.
jhe. Iu`koe sufjt`s pcfk
pcfks`s
s`s fk teo` j`
prebjfaàtci`. J` gr`sf fx`it` ssfrá` frá` ‚p`r` sfktsfktcraf
craf afler je quf af prepekfk
fs sejt`r `jhe, ckijuse sc ke sf je quf tfkhe quf sejt`r perquf fs `jhe ckieksicfktf
ckieksicfktf‑.‑.
_eo` j` hfktf qucfrf sejt`r `jhe, pfre ke s`bfaes quf ies`, `sá quf sejt`aes
iu`jqucfr ies`. Yc m`ifaes fstf flfricice scabùjcie jf o`aes j` ckgera`icùk `j ckieksicfktf
of mfaes fktfkocoe quf ofbfaes sejt`r.
Etre `spfite ofj 0? fs j` fkfrhá`, m`y quf m`ifr uk tr`t`acfkte fkfrhãtcie, per flfapje,
afocick` imck`, jes im`dr`s… fti. S fste je rfi`rh` faeicek`jafktf.
Yejt`r ke fs ofsprfkofrsf ofj p`s`oe, of jes `pfhes…, ke fs iert`r fs
`ifpt`r. Yc iert`s fj p`s`oe vufjvf, perquf je m`ifs ieksicfktfafktf pfre schuf fst`koe
`jjá. ^er je t`kte fs `ifpt`r.
^CJ@R ^REGFYCEK@J.- Fs j` fkfrhá` y `yuo`r ` j` hfktf ` quf sufjtf j`s ies`s.
BVYPVFO@ OF J@ @RAEKC@.- Yejt`r…
BVYPVFO@ FY^CRC_V@J.- Yek j`s fkfrhá`s sutcjfs, pfre t`abcãk fj
a`hkftcsae tfrrfstrf. Fs oficr sc j`s ies`s ke v`k bcfk fs quf af mf ejvco`oe of sejt`r
`jhe.
KVAFRE OF RFYCY_FKIC@.- Ke mf sejt`oe e af capcocfrek sejt`r.
KÜAFRE OF FAFRHFKIC@.- Ke mf sejt`oe, tfkhe `pfhe ` `jhe y af vey ` prepekfr
sejt`r. S j` prfhukt` quf sf pufof m`ifr fs µPuã fs je quf af aejfst` aàs mey fk oá`5
Fste fs je quf ofbfaes sejt`r.

KVAFRE 06
^`scùk, pujscùk, sfxu`jco`o, pekfr juz, cjuack`r jes a`jfs.
^FRYEK@JCO@O ^REGVKO@
Fs fj k¼ of j` sfxu`jco`o. Fj 06 fs fj oc`bje. Iu`koe m`y uk 06 fk `jhük tfa` m`y uk`
gufrz`, uk` p`scùk, uk` fkfrhá` sfxu`j aàs gufrtf quf j` afoc`. ^fre `ktfs of m`bj`r of
sfxu`jco`o, j` prcafr` p`j`br` fs j` p`scùk, `iepj`oe ` j` pujscùk. Fs hfktf auy capujscv` y
quf je m`ifk teoe per p`scùk. S iu`koe iekschufk fxprfs`rsf `sá, pufofk ofsi`rh`rsf.
^fre sc ke iekschufk of fst` a`kfr`, p`s`k per fj flfricice gáscie. ^ufof sfr flfricice gáscie
rf`j, per flfapje, m`ifk auime ofpertf, pfre sc ke m`ifk auime ofpertf je fxprfs`k `
tr`vãs of j` sfxu`jco`o. ^fre ke fs uk` sfxu`jco`o pur`, fs uk` fkfrhá` quf ofbf
fxtfrcercz`rsf. S j` sfxu`jco`o fs uk` a`kfr` of quf s`jh` `j fxtfrcer.
 

_`abcãk tcfkf quf vfr iek j` hfktf quf sf h`st` ockfre fk fj i`scke, fk jes lufhes. Yek jes
hr`kofs luh`oerfs, t`abcãk tcfkf quf vfr iek j` sfxu`jco`o, perquf fj ockfre fs fj peofr y
t`abcãk j` sfxu`jco`o.
KVOE FAEICEK@J.- Fs j` p`scùk, j` pujscùk, j` sfxu`jco`o. @jhucfk quf tfkh` 06 fk fj
kuoe faeicek`j m`y quf fkiektr`r iu`j fs su p`scùk, perquf kfifsct` uk` p`scùk p`r` vcvcr.
J` p`scùk fs j` pujscùk, fs uk` fkfrhá` gásci`. ^`r` tr`t`r ` `jhucfk `sá m`y quf m`ifrje `
tr`vãs of j` sfxu`jco`o, sf i`rh`rà y ofsi`rh`rà gásci`afktf ` tr`vãs of j` sfxu`jco`o. Fj
prebjfa` fs quf`aereses
jes ofserofkfs m`y auim` hfktf
vcaes bjequf`o`
`jhuk`s ` kcvfj
i`us`s, of m`if
y fste sfxu`jco`o
quf ` per
kcvfjv`rc`s r`zekfs,
faeicek`j fk
t`abcãk
fstãk bjequf`oes. Of uk aeoe u etre teoes p`s`aes per j` sfxu`jco`o p`r` ofsi`rh`r, fs
`jhe prepce of j` fspficf mua`k`, pfre p`r` uk 06 fs `ofaàs uk afoce supjfafkt`rce,
fstà auy ckoci`oe.
^CJ@R ^REGFYCEK@J.- Fs uk` pregfscùk iek p`scùk, j` pregfscùk m` of sfr tu p`scùk.
BVYPVFO@ OF J@ @RAEKC@.- M`ifr fj `aer a`ð`k`, t`rof y keimf,…fs j` p`scùk,
fstà suacoe fk uk ukcvfrse of p`scùk. Yc fst` ke fs pescbjf, sf fkiufktr` iek uk` fkfrhá`
cktfrk` capert`ktf y m`y oes pescbcjco`ofs< flfricice gáscie e lufhes of `z`r. S sc ke m`if
kckhuk` of j`s oes ies`s, fktekifs fs j` sfxu`jco`o. Mekfst`afktf, teoe fj aukoe rfi`rh`
iek j` sfxu`jco`o, pfre p`r` fj 06 fs uk` kfifsco`o.
BVYPVFO@ FY^CRC_V@J.- Fs j` p`scùk, j` sfxu`jco`o, iu`koe ke fs pescbjf ofsi`rh`r `
kcvfj sfxu`j m`y oes pescbcjco`ofs< j` ofprfscùk, `sá sfxe e ke sfxe y` ke fs capert`ktf4 e
bcfk uk` fkgfrafo`o fspfiágci` fk rfj`icùk `j sfxe44 e bcfk af sfp`re… perquf ke
`hu`kt`s44 e bcfk tfkhe uk `a`ktf e bcfk af ocverice. Se ke `hu`kte, ofktre of acs
guko`afktes y` ke pufoe aàs. S
etr` pescbcjco`o fs j` fspcrctu`jco`o, m`ifr fj `aer iek jes àkhfjfs…
KVAFRE OF RFYCY_FKIC@.- Af m`k prcv`oe of j` sfxu`jco`o, ke m`k ofl`oe quf sf
fxp`kocfr` ac p`scùk.
KÜAFRE OF FAFRHFKIC@.- Ke mf peocoe o`r iurse ` acs p`scekfs e ` ac sfxu`jco`o.
Yf prepekf sejt`rtf aàs.

KVAFRE 07
Ofs`gáe, erhujje, pfrgfiicùk, küafre àurfe, fxchfktf, `rrcfsh`rsf, eblftcve.
^FRYEK@JCO@O ^REGVKO@
Fk fj k¼
àurfe 07pfrgfiicùk.
y j` m`y fs j`oeFja`siujcke
kuafre ofy ere
gfafkcke.
e àurfeJefsa`siujcke
uk küafrefs`jhfbr`cie<
j` fxchfkic`, fj küafre

Yf ocfrek iufst` of quf j`s pcràacofs of Fhcpte fst`b`k iekstruco`s ` p`rtcr of fstf
kuafre, j`s hr`kofs i`tfor`jfs y b`sájci`s t`abcãk iektcfkfk fstf kuafre y fr`k
sej`afktf jes `rquctfites ckcic`oes jes quf iekstruá`k of fst` a`kfr`. Fj küafre of ere fs
j` pfrgfiicùk. Fs per fste quf fj j`oe a`siujcke ofj k¼ 07 tcfkf quf vfr iek j`s
a`tfaàtci`s.
Fj 07 gfafkcke tcfkf quf vfr iek fj ofs`gáe y fj erhujje. Vk` pfrsek` quf fs 07 gukicek`
per preyfites, per eblftcves. Iu`koe iekschuf `jhe tcfkf quf tfkfr etre eblftcve.
KVOE FAEICEK@J.- Fk fj 07 tfkfaes fj j`oe a`siujcke quf tcfkf quf vfr iek j`
pfrgfiicùk, m`st` jjfh`r ` uk pukte ebsfscve. Fj j`oe gfafkcke fs fj ofs`gáe y fj erhujje. Yfr
erhujjes` fs kera`j, pfre m`y quf fst`r fqucjcbr`oe sek jjfh`aes `j pukte of ofsprfic`r `
jes ofaàs.
 

^CJ@R ^REGFYCEK@J.- Fs uk` pregfscùk iek uk j`oe of pfrgfiicùk e bcfk of rfte, of

ofs`gáe, tcfkf quf m`bfr eblftcves.
BVYPVFO@ OF J@ @RAEKC@.- Fs j` pfrgfiicùk fk fj j`oe a`siujcke y fj rfte, fj erhujje fk
fj j`oe gfafkcke.
BVYPVFO@ FY^CRC_V@J.- J` pfrgfiicùk, fj rfte, fj erhujje. Vk kcðe k¼ 07 tfkãcs quf
m`ifrje `v`kz`r afoc`ktf eblftcves.
KVAFRE OF RFYCY_FKIC@.- Af m`k iert`oe fk acs ofsfes of pfrgfiicùk, e sey
ofa`sc`oe
KVAFRE OF erhujjese, e bcfk fj prepùscte
FAFRHFKIC@.- fr` ofa`sc`oe
Wey ` iufstcek`raf fjfv`oe.
ac prepce gukicek`acfkte y vey ` sfr
auime aàs prficse, pufste quf fs j` pfrgfiicùk. Wey ` fkiektr`r uk`s b`sfs pfrgfit`s.

KVAFRE 08
 @acst`o, tfrkur`,
tfrkur`, i`rcic`s, fpc
fpcofracs,
ofracs, jes `ac
`aches,
hes, j` g`acjc` rf`j e afkt`j
afkt`j..
^FRYEK@JCO@O ^REGVKO@
Fj k¼ 08 fs uk k¼ auy scapàtcie. Iu`koe vfe uk 08 je prcafre quf m`he fs tei`rje, perquf
fj 08 fs j` fpcofracs. Kera`jafktf jf ofbfrá`k of hust`r auime j`s i`rcic`s, perquf fs j`
fpcofracs, sf rfi`rh` iek j`s i`rcic`s.
Fj 0> sf rfi`rh` fk j` chjfsc`, fj = fk fj b`kie, fj 8 fk j` bcbjcetfi`… Fj 08 sf
rfi`rh` iek tfrkur` y i`rcic`s,… 2 mer`s of prfjcack`rfs…. M`y i`rcic`s rf`jfs y
i`rcic`s scabùjci`s< jes `aches. Yfhure quf jj`a`s rfhuj`rafktf ` tus `aches. Yek ieae
uk afoci`afkte jes `aches, iu`koe ke sf scfktf bcfk, sc i`o` uke jf jj`a` trfs ackutes sf
sfktcrà auime afler, perquf fs j` i`rcic` `ach`.
Jes `aches sek auy capert`ktfs, ckijuse aàs quf j` g`acjc`, perquf tcfkf j` kfifsco`o of
sfktcr j` `acst`o, j` tfrkur`. ^fre m` of cr iek iuco`oe perquf fj pfjchre pufof vfkcr
t`abcãk per `má.
Fs uk küafre auy scapàtcie ` p`rtcr ofj aeafkte quf sf ieaprfkof bcfk. @jhucfk quf fs
08 y fstà fkgfrae je prcafre quf m`y quf m`ifr fs rfift`rjf quf sf m`h` a`s`lfs, pfre
a`s`lfs su`vfs, fkfrhãtcies
fkfrhãtcies… … perquf iu`koe jf tei`k j` fpcofracs fstà fk iekt`ite iek
fj ifrfbre. Yc ke fstà bcfk m`y quf tei`rj`, kfifsct` i`rcic`s.
KVOE FAEICEK@J.- Fstf k¼ fs gàicj, je quf m`y quf m`ifr fs `i`rcic`rje, quf jes `aches
j` jj`afk. Yc tfkãcs ` `jhucfk `jrfofoer quf sf` k¼ 08 iu`koe sfpàcs quf ke fstà bcfk j`
ckvctàcs ` i`s`, y t`abcãk ckvctàcs ` jes `aches y fste rfi`rh`rà ` j` pfrsek`.
^CJ@R
`aches.^REGFYCEK@J.- Vk `juake
Yu tr`b`le tcfkf quf vfr iekaf ocif qufeke
j` `acst`o, pufof
bcfk tr`b`l`rrfj`icek`oe
uk tr`b`le iek uk ijcfktf
iek scj` ke sek
fpcofracs, fj 08 tcfkf quf vfr iek j` pcfj, jes a`s`lfs su`vfs. Ke capert` j` pregfscùk pfre
tcfkf quf sfr iek `acst`o.
BVYPVFO@ OF J@ @RAEKC@.- Vk a`s`lf su`vf, jj`a`r ` jes `aches…
BVYPVFO@ FY^CRC_V@J.- I I`rcðe,
`rcðe, oujzur`,
oujzur`, i`rcic`
i`rcic`s,
s, a`s`lf ssu`vf,
u`vf, `acst`
`acst`o,…
o,… fs gàicj.
KVAFRE OF RFYCY_FKIC@.- Af premcbcfrek vfr ` acs `aches…
KVAFRE OF FAFRHFKIC@.- ^`r` fafrhfr vey ` cr ` quf af `i`rcicfk, e ` vfr ` jes
`aches.

KVAFRE 0=
^`s`oe, ckieksicfktf, pscqucsae, ofprfscùk, rfiufroes ofj `d`sm`
(fjfafkte ãtfr fk sàksircte, j` quckt`fsfk
quckt`fsfkic`),
ic`), M9, bcbjcetfi` ofj ukcvfrse
 

 @D@YM@. Iekifpte
Iekifpte hkùstcie quf tcfkf quf vfr iek fj gjucr iiekst`ktf
ekst`ktf ofj ã
ãtfr
tfr y fj ukcvfrse
iuy` vcbr`icùk iekst`ktf oftfrack` fj erchfk ofj bcfk y fj a`j. M9 fk j` afaerc` ofj @d`sm`
rfprfsfkt` j` bcbjcetfi` ukcvfrs`j.
^FRYEK@JCO@O ^REGVKO@
Fj k¼ 0=, ` kcvfj of t`ret fs j` juk` y j` juk` fs teoe je quf fstà fsiekocoe, fs j` keimf. Es
m`brãcs o`oe iufkt` quf j` juk` sf vf of keimf…
Fs teoe fj aukoe cktfrcer, fs j` psciejehá`, fj ckieksicfktf y fs t`abcãk teoe `qufjje quf ke
sf vf.uk`
Iek Jepfrsek`
jj`a`aes
`sá kej`sm`bj`rfaes
‚afaerc`sof of j` tfrrfk`jfs,
tfa`s `d`sm‑ quf fs j` bcbjcetfi`
fs capescbjf. Ckijuse ukcvfrs`j.
j` ieaco` fs
`jcafkte fkfrhãtcie. _eoes jes fjfafktes of j` vco` ofj k¼ 0= fstàk caprfhk`oes of fst`
fkfrhá` ukcvfrs`j y fj ckieksicfktf tcfkf quf vfr iek kufstre p`s`oe pfrsek`j. Fs hfktf quf
iu`koe vcfkfk ` vcsct`rsf jfs ocifs< ‚màbjfaf of su ckg`kic`…, e of su
`oejfsifkic`…‑ perquf fste j` rffkvá` ` su p`s`oe. ^rfhukt`ojf sebrfteoe per jes
rfiufroes `hr`o`bjfs, perquf sf scfktf `tr`áo` per fj p`s`oe.
Fj p`s`oe fs `jhe capert`ktf p`r` j` pfrsek` y iu`koe fj p`s`oe m` scoe ocgáicj, ` kcvfj of
ofsieocgci`icùk bcejùhci` fstà rfj`icek`oe iek j` ofprfscùk, perquf kes mfaes o`oe iufkt`
of quf teoes jes ofprfscves sf j`afkt`k ofj p`s`oe, e fim`k of afkes fj p`s`oe, oekof
sf sfktá`k bcfk, ‚mey fk oá` j`s ies`s sek ocgáicjfs, `sá quf vey ` rfguhc`raf fk fj
p`s`oe…‑.
Fj 0= tcfkf quf vfr iek fst` fkfrhá` ukcvfrs`j, e sf` quf t`abcãk sek hfktf quf fstà fk j`s
sutcjfz`s y t`abcãk fstàk auy iekfit`oes iek fj rfsfktcr. Fj 0= fs je fxpfrcafkt`
fxpfrcafkt`j,j, gufr` of
je afkt`j, fk fj rfsfktcr. Fj tfr`pfut` 0= tr`b`l` auime iek fj p`s`oe, fj ckieksicfk
ckieksicfktf,
tf,
j`s fkfrhá`s, j` sckirekcico`o,…
I`o` küafre tcfkf uk` p`rtciuj`rco`o. I`o` pfrsek` tcfkf sus p`rtciuj`rco`ofs y je
capert`ktf fs `k`jcz`rj`s f cktfhr`rj`s. ^`r` uk 0= fstà bcfk cr ` busi`r fk fj p`s`oe, pfre
sc v`s ofa`sc`oe `j p`s`oe sf iekvcfrtf fk uk pfse. J` ofprfscùk fs ‚ofa`sc`oe p`s`oe
fk ac vco` af capcof vcvcr fk fj prfsfktf‑. Fj tcfape of j` vco` fs fj prfsfktf, fstà bcfk cr
fk fj p`s`oe p`r` busi`r je quf suifocù. Fj prebjfa` fs sc v`aes `j p`s`oe y kes
qufo`aes ofa`sc`oe tcfape, ieae fj pscie`kàjcscs. Se fstuvf pscie`k`jczàkoeaf our`ktf
trfs `ðes y scfaprf m`bj`b` ofj p`s`oe.
Fj tcfape of j` iur`icùk ke fs fj p`s`oe, fs fj prfsfktf. _`apeie fs fj guture, fs< ‚quf fs
je quf m`he fk ac vco` p`r` sfktcraf afler mey s`bcfkoe je quf suifocù…‑. M`y tfr`pc`s
quf es jjfv`k ofa`sc`oe
ofa `sc`oe fk fj p`s`oe
p`s `oe y es qufoàcs `tr`p`oes `jjá.
KVOE FAEICEK@J.- _cfkf quf vfr iek j` psciejehá`, sek pfrsek`s quf `bserbfk auime
j` tfaàtci` psciejùhci`, fj aukoe cktfrcer.
^CJ@R ^REGFYCEK@J.-
^REGFYCEK@J.- Fs fj pscqucsae, fj ckieksicfktf,
ckieksicfktf, teoe je quf m`y fsiekocoe…
fsiekocoe… fti.
BVYPVFO@ OF OF J@ @RAEKC@.- J` psciejehá`, …fti.
BVYPVFO@ FY^CRC_V@J.- ^fkftr`r fk j` psciejehá`, m`bj`r iek j` hfktf, fktfkofr quf
jfs p`s`, fst`r ` j` fsiuim`…
KVAFRE OF RFYCY_FKIC@.- Ke mf utcjcz`oe sugcicfktfafktf ac j`oe psáqucie y ke mf
peocoe prfvfr j`s ies`s, fj afkt`j psáqucie ke m` peocoe ofs`rrejj`rsf.
KVAFRE OF FAFRHFKIC@.- M`he uk sfack`rce of kuafrejehá` y af scfkte gfjcz…,
tr`b`l`r iek j` psciejehá` af rfi`rh`.

KVAFRE 03
^`z y `raeká`.
^FRYEK@JCO@O ^REGVKO@
 

Fstf fs fj j`oe gfafkcke, p`z y `raeká`. Fj j`oe a`siujcke fs fj sej y fj sej fs fj p`orf, fs
j` `uterco`o m`st` jjfh`r ` j` ocit`our`.
 @sá quf fj j`oe
j`oe a`siujcke oofj
fj 03 fs j` `u
`uterco`o
terco`o y fj j`
j`oe
oe gfafkcke f
fss p`z y `raeká`
`raeká`.. Wey `
ofsircbcres j` ieksujt` of uk tfr`pfut` 03< fj tcabrf fs su`vf, `j fktr`r m`y uk` aüsci`
bekct`, uk` s`j` of fspfr` quf fs uk juh`r of ofsi`kse, jes iejerfs sek iàjcoes, m`y auim`
oujzur` y ofsprfkof p`z y `raeká`.
Fs uk küafre quf fs bekcte, `hr`o`bjf, pfre fj prebjfa` ke vcfkf of fjjes, perquf s`bfk
ieae fst`r
`raeká`. ^erbcfk. Fj prebjfa`
flfapje, `jhucfksek jes ofaàs
tr`b`l` teoe fj quf
oá` ykejjfh`
rfspft`k
` i`s`vufstr` p`z`jhukes
kfifsct` y vufstr`
ackutes
p`r` rfi`rh`rsf fk scjfkice, perquf tcfkf kfifsco`o of fst` i`ja`…, y ` su a`rcoe jf
m`bj` oujifafktf…, oftfst` jes hrctes…. Yc fstey iek uk` aulfr k¼ 03 y af pcof
quf qucfrf fst`r tr`kqucj` 6 ackutes, ye jf oche quf sf teaf 0>–. Yu fstrãs
ocsackuyf iu`koe m`y i`ja`, iu`koe fj teke of vez fs su`vf, tr`kqucje.
Iu`koe `jhucfk k¼ 03 ke fstà bcfk m`y quf ofl`rje fk p`z, sf rfi`rh` seje iek su aüsci`,
su tr`kqucjco`o. Fs uk k¼ scapàtcie fk su `spfite gfafkcke.
Fk su `spfite a`siujcke fs fj `uterct`rcsae, sek jes oãspet`s, jes ocit`oerfs, iu`koe
supfr`k su jáactf of fstrãs y sf fkg`o`k. J` prfvfkicùk fs quf, of vfz fk iu`koe, ` tr`vãs
of `rtfs a`ric`jfs e iek uk s`ie of bexfe y hejpf`rje m`st` ofsi`rh`r fj j`oe a`siujcke. E
bcfk v` ` j` k`tur`jfz` ` m`ifr ofpertf, e ` hrct`r…
KVOE FAEICEK@J.- Fs gàicj, fs j` p`z y j` `raeká`. Kfifsct` aüsci` tr`kqucj` tr`kqucj`,, `abcfktfs
su`vfs y tr`kqucjes.
BVYPVFO@ FAEICEK@J.- Wey ` sfrvcraf of j` p`z y j` `raeká` p`r` jcbfr`r sus
faeicekfs, ac vez sfrà su`vf, fj `abcfktf tr`kqucje. Kfifsct` p`z y `raeká` p`r` peofr
fxpfrcafkt`r sus faeicekfs.
^CJ@R ^REGFYCEK@J.-
^REGFYCEK@J. - Vk` pregfscùk oekof m`y p`z y `raeká`. J` p`j`br` ij`vf fs quf
tcfkf quf sfr bekcte, `raekcese.
BVYPVFO@ OF J@ @RAEKC@.- _eoes jes oá`s p`z y `raeká`…, fk i`s`, fk fj
tr`b`le, iek j` p`rfl`, iek jes `aches, y sc ke pufofs ieksfhucrje tcfkfs quf `csj`rtf 6
ackutes m`st` ieksfhucrje
ieksfhucrje..
BVYPVFO@ FY^CRC_V@J.- ^`z y `raeká`
KVAFRE OF RFYCY_FKIC@.- Af p`rtcfrek ckv`ocfkoe ac p`z y `raeká`.
KVAFRE OF FAFRHFKIC@.- Fkiektr`r j` p`z y j` `raeká`. Y`bfr je quf schkcgci`
`raeká` p`r` aá.

KVAFRE 2>
Rfiekeicacfkte, seje iekezie `qufjje quf rfiekezie, af iekfite iek `qufjje quf iekezie
cktfrcerafktf,
cktfrcerafk tf, acstfrce, sfrvcrsf of jes etres p`r` v`jer`rsf.
^FRYEK@JCO@O ^REGVKO@
Fj k¼ 2> tcfkf oes i`r`s. Fs fj quf tcfkf j`s a`yerfs ofsv`jercz`icekfs, sc `jhucfk fs k¼ 2>
y vcfkf per uk prebjfa` estfe-`rtciuj`r schkcgci` quf oftràs m`y uk` g`jt` of rfiekeicacfkte,
t`kte ` kcvfj of g`acjc` ieae ` kcvfj j`ber`j. Fj pukte iekgjcitcve ofj 2> fs j` ofsv`jercz`icùk.
Fste ` kcvfj ofj j`oe a`siujcke.
Fj j`oe gfafkcke fs teoe je acstfrcese. ^er flfapje uk sfðer k¼ 2> y iu`koe jf oclf
‚acstfrce‑ `brcù jes eles perquf jf hust`b`k teoes jes acstfrces, ofsof fj trc`khuje
of j`s bfrauo`s m`st` jes evkcs…
 

Jes tfr`pfut`s k¼ 2> busi`k fj acstfrce y j` bceofsieocgci`icùk fs uk acstfrce, uk

ofsiubrcacfkte. Vk` pregfscùk quf v` ` jes k¼ 2> fs j` of ckspfiter of pejciá`, sek jes
fkcha`s.
KVOE FAEICEK@J.- Fk fj k¼ 2> m`y uk pfqufðe prebjfa`, p`r` fst`r bcfk kfifsct`
sfktcrsf rfiekeicoe ` kcvfj of tr`b`le y of g`acjc`. Fs fj rfte. ^fre je quf fs gàicj of pekfr
fk pràitci` fs quf sc tcfkf tr`b`le y sf h`k` bcfk j` vco` y` pufof sfktcrsf rfiekeicoe,
quczàs ke sf scfkt` rfiekeicoe fk j` g`acjc`, pfre sc fk su tr`b`le. Fj prebjfa` ofj 2> fs
quf busi` fj
rfiekeicoe, rfiekeicacfkte
sc ke af mf sfktcoeg`acjc`r,
`a`oe,yscj`scfkte
gr`sf quf
qufacs
scfaprf
p`orfsjfskeoche fs ‚sc kefk
m`k ckvfrtcoe mfaáscoe
`ktfs of j` fo`o of 8 `ðes, kuki` sfrã rfiekeicoe‑, perquf fs uk prehr`a` of
ckg`kic`. @sá quf sc ke es sfktás rfiekeicoes mey fk oá`, qucfrf oficr quf ke es m`k
rfiekeicoe `ktfs of jes 8 `ðes, perquf fs j` fo`o jáactf p`r` j` fstruitur
fstruitur`
` of j` pfrsek` y
qucfrf oficr quf gcl`stfcs fk vufstr` fstruitur` ‚ke sey rfiekeicoe per ac g`acjc`‑. Fj
tátuje of j` pfjáiuj` fs ‚fk busi` ofj rfiekeicacfkte of p`p`a`a`,
ofsfspfr`o`afktf‑.
 @ j` hfktf quf
quf ke sf scfktf rf
rfiekeico`
iekeico` m`m`yy quf prfhuk
prfhukt`rjf
t`rjf sc sf h`k
h`k`` bcfk j` vco
vco`.
`. Yc fs
quf sc, qucfrf oficr quf tr`b`làcs bcfk, quf tfkãcs uk v`jer, quf ke secs tektes.
^CJ@R ^REGFYCEK@J.- Fs 2> fs ofsv`jercz`icùk, y t`abcãk fj acstfrce, ofsiubrcr fj
acstfrce. Vk` bufk` pregfscùk fs sfr ckspfiter, ieae Ymfrjeid Mejafs, per flfapje.
BVYPVFO@ OF J@ @RAEKC@.- J` büsqufo` of j` v`jer`icùk, iekgc`r fk ac acsae,
fkiektr`r ac prepce v`jer, e bcfk fj j`oe eiujte of j`s ies`s.
BVYPVFO@ FY^CRC_V@J.- M`y uk prebjfa` of ofsv`jercz`icùk y uk` g`jt` of iekgc`kz` fk
sc acsae quf m`y quf iur`r. Fs j` iekgc`kz` fk rfj`icùk `j rfiekeicacfkte, fk j` g`acjc`.
KVAFRE OF RFYCY_FKIC@.- Af m`k ofsv`jercz`oe.
KVAFRE OF FAFRHFKIC@.- Iekgc`r fk ac acsae, fstey ofsv`jercz`oe per je t`kte tfkhe
quf fkiektr`r acs b`sfs fk gukicùk of j` rf`jco`o.

KVAFRE 20
Aukoe, `raeká` hjeb`j, fstãtci`, bfjjfz`, `raeká` of je gfafkcke y a`siujcke,
fxtr`-tfrrfstrf, tfjf-tr`kspert`icùk,
tfjf-tr`kspert`icùk, vc`lf `str`j, µPuã m`ifaes fk j` _cfrr`5, m`ifr uk
pfqufðe vc`lf gufr` y vejvfr.
^FRYEK@JCO@O ^REGVKO@
Fs
y fjuk kuafre fs
prebjfa` ofiu`koe
`raeká`, fsuk`
m`y j` `raeká`
g`jt` of ofj aukoe, fs uk k¼ quf pfractf `raekcz`rje teoe
`raeká`.
J` `raeká` tcfkf quf vfr iek j` bfjjfz`, `sá quf tcfkf quf vfr iek j` fstãtci`, fs uk bufk k¼
p`r` j`s fstftcicst`s. Vk` p`rtciuj`rco`o of jes 20 fs quf fstàk ieae ifh`o`s per jes
fxtr`tfrrfstrfs,, j`s mcsterc`s of tfjf-tr`ksper
fxtr`tfrrfstrfs tfjf-tr`kspert`icùk.
t`icùk. Fs hfktf quf sf scfktf `tr`áo` per fst`s
ies`s. ^fre fk je quf kes iekicfrkf fstà fj vc`lf `str`j.
Fj cktfrãs of j` kuafrejehá` fs vufstr` i`rt` kuafrejùhci`, µp`r` quf j` utcjczàcs5. Yc j`
utcjczàcs fstàcs fk vufstre i`acke y sc ke es rfiekeiãcs, fs quf fstàcs fk vufstre a`p`. Yc
ke fstàcs fk vufstre a`p` m`y v`rc`s pescbcjco`ofs< j` prcafr` fs fj y`icfktf4 j` sfhuko` fs
ke tfkfr ofrfime per tfa`s of foui`icùk, fs e bcfk ke tfkhe ofrfime e ke af je pfractcoe.
M`y quf vfr ieae fstà iekstruco` j` pfrsek`jco`o.
KVOE FAEICEK@J.- Fs fj aukoe, j` `raeká`. _cfkf quf prfst`r `tfkicùk ` ke fst`r
ofa`sc`oe fk ofs`raeká`, m`y quf cktfkt`r busi`r quf fs je quf jf ofs`raekcz`, je quf jf
aejfst`.
 

^CJ@R ^REGFYCEK@J.- Fs j` `raekcz`icùk, pfre t`abcãk fs fj aukoe, per flfapje, jes

pfrceocst`s perquf fstàk jch`oes iek fj aukoe y j` mcsterc` ofj aukoe. Fj 3 fs j` hfehr`gá` y
fj 20 fs j` mcsterc`.
BVYPVFO@ OF J@ @RAEKC@.- Fs fj aukoe, fs capert`ktf fstf j`oe cktfrk`icek`j.
BVYPVFO@ FY^CRC_V@J.- J` vcscùk hjeb`j of j`s ies`s, j` vcscùk ukcvfrs`j.
KVAFRE OF RFYCY_FKIC@.- Af iert`rek ac i`p`ico`o of iekfit`r iek j` tet`jco`o.
KVAFRE OF FAFRHFKIC@.- Af fst` prepufste `raekcz`r ac vco` y m`y quf cr fk busi`
of je quf schkcgci` p`r` i`o` uke j` `raeká`.

KÜAFRE 22
Hfkce, jeiur`, hr`kofz`, iekgc`kz` fk uke acsae.
^FRYEK@JCO@O ^REGVKO@
J` prfhukt` quf m`y quf m`ifrjf ` uk 22 fs< µIuàj fs tu hr`k preyfite5 µ_cfkf uk hr`k
preyfite fk afktf5 _eoes jes tfr`pfut`s 22 qucfrfk tfkfr su prepce ifktre, uk hr`k ifktre
of tfr`pc`s k`tur`jfs. Ycfaprf tcfkf preyfites hr`koceses fk j` i`bfz`. Fj prebjfa` fs quf
`jhukes je iekschufk y etres ke je iekschufk. Iu`koe je iekschufk v` bcfk, iu`koe ke je
iekschufk fs uk prebjfa`.
Fs per fste quf `gfit` `j hfkce y j` jeiur`. Jes hr`kofs fkgfraes pscqucàtrcies sek k¼ 22,
perquf j` b`sf ofj 22 fs uk ? y iu`koe su b`sf fs sùjco` pufof jjfh`r auy `jte.

Yc j` b`sfuk`s
kfifsct` ke fs sùjco`
b`sfs ke pufofk
sùjco`s ofspfh`r
of ockfre, b`sfsy sùjco`s
uk` b`sf sùjco` ofjsc 22
psáquci`s, ke fs fj k¼j`s
tcfkf ?. ies`s
^rcafre
ij`r`s sf
s f qufo` fk j`s kubfs…. J` ij`vf fs quf tfkh`k uk` b`sf auy sùjco` p`r`
quf sub`k auy `rrcb`. Yc j` b`sf ke fs sùjco` subf auy `rrcb`, pfre jjfh` ` j` pscquc`trá`
fxtrfa`.
^`r` peofr tfkfr su prepce ifktre m`y quf tfkfr b`sfs sùjco`s gásci`s, psáquci`s, scke
vfaes hfktf iek hr`kofs preyfites y sf qufo`k fk je crrf`j y fste je jj`a`aes jeiur`. J`
ij`vf ofj 22 fs j` b`sf.
Iu`koe jes 22 tcfkfk ãxcte, tcfkf hr`kofs ãxctes. Ychauko Grfuo fr` uk 22. Our`ktf 2>
`ðes tr`b`lù ieae kfurùjehe y j` b`sf gufrtf quf tfká` fk afocick` jf pfractcù jjfh`r ` sus
ofsiubrcacfktes. Ke mcze ieae Xcjmfa Rfcim (0=38/0368, pscie`k`jcst`, aãocie y `juake
of Grfuo), `i`bù fk uk mespct`j pscqucàtrcie (oc`hkestci`oe of fsquczegrfkc`).
Fj 22 tcfkf fst` oebjf i`r`< sc tcfkf uk` b`sf sùjco` pufof jjfh`r auy `rrcb`, pfre sc ke tcfkf
uk` bufk`
m`bcoe b`sf pufof
uk prfscofktf offxpjet`r our`ktf
j` Rfpübjci` fj ke
k¼ ?, vufje. ^er flfapje,
fs pescbjf. Y`rdezy fs
Vk prfscofktf fs uk
uk 22, kuki` m`y
=, perquf m`
uk` pj`kcgci`icùk, Acttfrr`ko fr` uk =, Lu`k ^`bje CC fr` uk =. Jes hr`kofs `rquctfites sek
k¼ 22.
KVOE FAEICEK@J.- Fj 22 fs sfkscbjf ` j`s hr`kofs ies`s. Je quf af m`if vcbr`r ` kcvfj
faeicek`j sek j`s hr`kofs iekstruiicekfs, jes hr`kofs aekuafktes, e jes hr`kofs
preyfites y sfhur`afktf ofktre of fjjes m`y hr`kofs preyfites. Pucfrf oficr quf ‚j`
gufrz` fstà fk tc‑, ` afkuoe j` gr`sf fs quf ke iekgáe fk aá acsae perquf fj 22 fs fj
iekeicacfkte ukcvfrs`j ckieksicfktf. @sá quf, ` afkuoe, j` prebjfaàtci` fs ke iekgc`r fk
uke acsae.
^CJ@R ^REGFYCEK@J.- _eoe fs pescbjf, j` gufrz` tf `ieap`ð`. Fs uk` tfaàtci` of
iekgc`kz`, ckieksicfktfafktf fxcstfk teo`s j`s pescbcjco`ofs. _cfkf quf m`bfr `jhe
hr`kocese.
BÜYPVFO@ OF J@ @RAEKÁ@.- Fs `jhe hr`kocese quf jjfve fk j` i`bfz` teoes jes oá`s.
Hr`kocese p`r` uke acsae.
 

BÜYPVFO@ FY^CRC_V@J.-
FY^CRC_V@J.- J` gufrz` fstà ofktre of tc, j` iekgc`kz` `bsejut`.
_cfkf uk petfkic`j fkeraf pfre ke je iekschuf perquf ke iekgá` fk sá acsae. Ke tfkhe
sugcicfktfafktf
sugcicfktfafktf gufrz` fk aá p`r` rfiekeifr fst` gufrz`, fk hfkfr`j.
KÜAFRE OF RFYCY_FKIC@.- Ke iekgá`k fk aá…
KÜAFRE OF FAFRHFKIC@.- Ke iekgáe fk acs cof`s, fk a`tfrc`jcz`r uk preyfite, per
flfapje

KÜAFRE 27
^FRYEK@JCO@O ^REGVKO@
Ofspuãs fstà fj k¼ 27, sek pfrsek`s quf sek =, pfre jjfh`k `j = per fj 27, y fj 27 fs fj k¼ of
j` s`juo, t`kte j` afocick` ijàsci`, ieae teo`s j`s `jtfrk`tcv`s, j` p`r`-afocic
p`r`-afocick`,
k`, e pufof
sfr fj tfa` of j` s`juo fk hfkfr`j. M`y hfktf quf sek 27/= quf ke sek tfr`pfut`s pfre sf
scfktfk `tr`áoes per jcbres of afocick`, ofj iufrpe mua`ke, per je rfj`icek`oe iek j` s`juo.
Iu`koe sf v` `j mespct`j es tuabàcs fk j` i`acjj`, perquf fst`r tuab`oe fs j` icgr` of j`
fkgfrafo`o. Fk j` iàb`j` j` s`juo fs Oces of pcf. Ycabùjci`afktf j` fsirctur` of Oces fk
mfbrfe fs ‚fj meabrf of pcf‑. Fj meabrf of pcf, fs `jhucfk quf fstà iekfit`oe iek
j`s fkfrhá`s of `rrcb` y quf tcfkf jes pcfs fk fj sufje, fs `jhucfk quf tcfkf bufk` s`juo.
Fk j`s tr`oci
tr`ocicekfs
cekfs `ktc
`ktchu`s
hu`s of j` iàb`j`, fj 27 fs ‚fj meabrf of pcf quf sf
p`rfif ` Oces‑. S iu`koe fstàcs tuab`oes ke fstàcs iekfit`oes ` Oces, fstàcs

fkgfraes. Fj 27/= fstà rfj`icek`oe iek j` s`juo, pfre fk teoes jes pj`kes, t`kte uk rfsgrc`oe
ieae uk iàkifr.

KVOE FAEICEK@J.- Fj k¼ 27 sek pfrsek`s cktfrfs`o`s per j` s`juo, sc jf egrfifs uk jcbre

ofj iufrpe mua`ke, ieae gukicek` fj ifrfbre…, sf scfktf cktfrfs`oe per fjje.
^CJ@R ^REGFYCEK@J.- _cfkf quf vfr iek j` s`juo.
BVYPVFO@ OF J@ @RAEKC@.- _cfkf quf vfr iek j` s`juo, teoes jes oá`s, fs capert`ktf
p`r` fj…
BVYPVFO@ FY^CRC_V@J.- _r`b`l`r fk fj i`ape of j` s`juo.
 

KÜAFRE 9>
^FRYEK@JCO@O ^REGVKO@
Fj k¼ 9> fs j` ieaukci`icùk sutcj. I`o` vfz quf m`y uk > `j j`oe of uk k¼ `ð`oco ‚sutcj‑. ^er
flfapje, fj 0> fs fj 0, fs fj SE, pfre iea ieae e jjfv` uk > `j j`oe m`if SE iek Oces.
Fj 9 fs j` ieaukci`icùk, `j jjfv`r fj > `j j`oe fs j` ieaukci`icùk sutcj. Iu`koe fj 9 vcfkf of
uk 9> sek hfktf quf m`bj` bcfk, pfre quf fstàk iekfit`oes, iu`koe m`bj`k fstàk
ckspcr`oes, sek jes hr`kofs er`oerfs.
KVOE FAEICEK@J.- Ycfktf j` kfifsco`o of tea`r uk jcbre, uk` rfvcst`, of oeiuafkt`rsf
iekst`ktfafktf,
iekst`ktfaf ktf, `prfkofr teoe fj tcfape. _cfkf uk` bcbjcetfi` p`r` fktfkofr j`s
ies`s… y sf rfi`rh` iek fste, kfifsct` ieaprfkof ieaprfkofrr j`s ies`s ` kcvfj afkt`j.
^CJ@R ^REGFYCEK@J.- Fs j` ieaukci`icùk ` uk kcvfj fjfv`oe.
BVYPVFO@ OF J@ @RAEKC@.- Fs j` ieaukci`icùk fk uk kcvfj aàs `jte.

KÜAFRE 99
^FRYEK@JCO@O ^REGVKO@
Fj k¼ 99 je ofsiubrcrfaes iu`koe m`h`aes j` b`sf 3, pfre fs uk kcvfj aàs fjfv`oe quf fj
22. Fj 99 vcfkf ofj 7 y rfprfsfkt` j` `raeká` fk b`sf 3. Fj 7 fk b`sf 3 rfprfsfkt` j`
`raeká` of j` g`acjc`, y fj 99/7 rfprfsfkt` j` `raeká` of j` g`acjc` ukcvfrs`j. Yek jes
hr`kofs p`icgcst`s. ^er flfapje, Fckstfck fr` k¼ 99, Fjcs`bftm dúbjfr-Ress fr` k¼ 99.
Yek hfktf iekfit`o` ` uk kcvfj supfrcer, y` ke fst`aes m`bj`koe of fspcrctu`jco`o,
fst`aes per fkica`, perquf fs uk` iekfxcùk iek teoe fj ukcvfrse. Iu`koe uk` fstrfjj`
aufrf fk j` vá` jàitf`, uk` of sus iãjuj`s sf aufrf. Fj prebjfa` ofj 99 fs iu`koe ke jjfh`
` fstf kcvfj, perquf m`y uk` pujscùk quf je fapul` ` fstf kcvfj, pfre per su foui`icùk, su
a`kfr` of sfr, pufof quf ke jf pfract` `iifofr ` fstf kcvfj y fk fstf i`se pufof m`bfr
ofsùrofkfs psciejùhcies capert`ktfs. Fs per fste quf jes 99 scfaprf sek uk peie jeies.
^`r` fj 22 mfaes ocime quf j` b`sf a`tfrc`j ofbf sfr sùjco`. J` b`sf ofj 99 fs su g`acjc`,
fs capert`ktf quf sf scfkt` bcfk fk su g`acjc`, ` tr`vãs ofj tr`kshfkfr`i
tr`kshfkfr`icek`j,
cek`j, fj
preyfite/sfktcoe, j` aulfr, jes mcles, p`r` peofr `ifpt`rsf fk j` b`sf sùjco` ofj `aer
ukcvfrs`j, perquf fj `aer ukcvfrs`j vcfkf prcafre per fj `aer quf rficbcaes y quf o`aes.
Iu`koe uk kcðe fs 99 m`y quf cr iek iuco`oe, sc vf Àkhfjfs y vf ies`s, fs kera`j, ke fstà
jeie.
KVOE FAEICEK@J.- Fst`aes fk j` sutcjco`o, cr ` juh`rfs fkfrhãtcies.
^CJ@R ^REGFYCEK@J.- Fs huá` fspcrctu`j, fk teoe i`se uk` acscùk aàs fjfv`o` quf j`
hfktf ieaük.
BVYPVFO@ OF J@ @RAEKC@.- Fs `jhucfk quf fstà iekfit`oe iek je aukoc`j.

KÜAFRE ?>
^FRYEK@JCO@O ^REGVKO@
Etr` icgr` capert`ktf p`r` j` tfr`pc` fs fj k¼ ?>, j` iu`rfktfk`, j` pufst` fk iu`rfktfk`, jes
iu`rfkt` oá`s fk fj ofscfrte, j` iu`rfsa`, y j`s pfrsek`s ?>/? sek hfktf quf fstà
rfj`icek`o` iek j`s fkgfrafo`ofs hr`vfs. _cfkfk j` i`p`ico`o y j` fkfrhá` of `ieap`ð`r
` j` hfktf iek fkgfrafo`ofs hr`vfs. M`y oes küafres fspfic`jfs p`r` `ieap`ð`r ` j`
pfrsek` `j gck`j of su vco`, sek fj 09 y fj ?>.
KVOE FAEICEK@J.- Vk bufk tr`b`le p`r` uk k¼ ?> fs `ieap`ð`r ` j` hfktf `j gck`j of su
vco`, `scstcr ` fkgfraes hr`vfs, e cktfrvfkcr fk hr`kofs i`tàstregfs.
 

^CJ@R ^REGFYCEK@J.- _cfkf quf vfr iek j`s fkgfrafo`ofs hr`vfs. Vk` ies` rfj`icek`o`
iek fj 27 y fj ?>< `abes tcfkfk quf vfr iek j` s`juo, pfre ke per tfkfr uk ?> qucfrf oficr
quf v`cs ` tfkfr uk` fkgfrafo`o hr`vf4 ke perquf es s`jh` uk 27 v`cs ` fkgfra`r.
Iu`koe ke m`he uk` pregfscùk rfj`icek`o` iek j` fkfrhá` ofj pcj`r pregfscek`j qucfrf oficr
quf rfp`re j` mcsterc` g`acjc`r.
Iek teoe fste je quf kes pfractf vfr fs quf teoe fj aukoe tcfkf r`zùk ofktre of su
scstfa` pfrsek`j, pfre ke tfkfaes ofrfime of hfkfr`jcz`r j`s ies`s p`r` teoes.
BVYPVFO@ OF J@ @RAEKC@.- J`s fkgfrafo`o
fkgfrafo`ofs
fs hr`vfs, j`s i`tàstregfs, j`s ies`s
cap`it`ktfs … sek pfrsek`s quf pufofk tr`b`l`r iek p`icfktfs tfrack`jfs, fk j`s
cap`it`ktfs…
iàrifjfs, fkgfrafo`ofs hr`vfs, rfcksfricùk seic`j,…

‟‟‟‟‟‟‟‟-
_eoe fste je jj`a`aes fj fspfle, teo` kufstr` vco` fst` `quá rfgjfl`o`, perquf iu`koe acre
fk fj fspfle vfe fste. S iu`koe fstà ofsfqucjcbr`oe b`l`aes of kcvfj y je jj`a`aes j`
aàsi`r`.
 @ p`rtcr of `mer`
`mer` v`aes ` sub
subcr
cr of `jtur` ` te
teoes
oes jes kcvfj
kcvfjfs
fs y iu`kte aàs ` `rrcb`
rrcb` fst`aes
fst`aes,,
afkes peofaes pfractcrkes ofsifkofr. Fs oficr, quf m`y pujscekfs fk vufstre cktfrcer quf
es jjfv`k ` kcvfjfs fjfv`oes of ockfre, psciejùhcies, fspcrctu`jfs, ` teoes jes kcvfjfs,
t`abcãk ` kcvfjfs of iektrej, pfre scfaprf m`y fst` oebjf i`r`. Iu`koe tfkãcs `jhe
a`hkágcie, sc ke secs mekfstes iek vesetres acsaes y ke secs mekfstes iek fj ukcvfrse, fj
ukcvfrse es je rfiero`rà iek teoe je teoe je quf pufo`…, y jufhe
m`bj`rfaes of ofstcke.
M`y küafres fk jes quf m`y quf cr iek auime iuco`oe. Iu`koe ke s`bãcs k`o`, ke p`s`
k`o`, pfre iu`koe s`bãcs, m`y quf cr iek iuco`oe.
Mfaes vcste quf iu`oe s`bfaes fj k¼ of j` ^frsek`jco`o ^reguko` tfkfaes uk peie of
ckgera`icùk.. ^er flfapje<
ckgera`icùk
◅ Fj k¼ 9 f fss `jhu
`jhucfkcfk afafkt`j
kt`j,, `jhu
`jhucfk
cfk qu
quf f kfif
kfifsct`
sct` ccktre
ktreouic
ouicrr ieke
iekeicac
icacfktes
fktes
◅ Fj kk¼¼ ? kfif
kfifsct`
sct` uk` fstrufstruitur`
itur`,, `j
`jhe
he aauyuy f fkiu`
kiu`or`o
or`oee
◅ Fj k¼ 6 kfi
kfifsct`
fsct` uk ie iektfx
ktfxte
te p`
p`rtciu
rtciuj`r
j`r ffk
k fj qquf
uf sf scfk
scfkt`
t` bc
bcfk
fk
◅ Fj k¼ 7 kfkfifs
ifsct`ct` luh
luh`r,
`r, m m`if
`ifrr tek
tektfr
tfrá`s
á`s,, rfá
rfárr
◅ Fj k¼ 8 k kfi
fifs
fsctct`
` iiek
ektrtrej
ej`r
`r
◅ Fj k¼ = kfi
kfifsct`
fsct` p pj`kc
j`kcgci`
gci`r,
r, iek fj peofr
peofr fj oc ockfre
kfre,, je faei
faeicek`
cek`jj y je fspc
fspcrctu`
rctu`jj
◅ Fj k¼ 3 kfi
kfifsct`
fsct` ssfktc
fktcrsf
rsf iek
iekfit`
fit`oeoe `j uk
ukcvfrs
cvfrse e p`r` sfsfktcrs
ktcrsf
f bcfk
bcfk.. je quf sui
suifoffof me
meyy
fk Fhcpte (gfbrfre 2>00) jf iekicfrkf perquf fs `jhe quf `gfit` ` je cktfrk`icek`j y
t`abcãk kfifsct` fxpfrcafkt`r ies`s
◅ Fj k¼ 0> j` p p`j`b
`j`br` r` ij`
ij`vf vf fs cks
cksfhur
fhurco`o
co`o p perqu
erquff m`y uk uk`` g`jt` of iiekgc
ekgc`kz`
`kz` ffk k sc
acsae y je ieapfks` iekfitàkoesf iek Oces, iek j` sutcjco`o, iek je fspcrctu`j.
◅ Fj k¼ 00 fj j` j`oe
oe a`sa`siujciujckeke sek p pfrse
frsek`s
k`s of vc vcejfk
ejfkic`
ic` vf
vfrb`j
rb`j,, of `ute
`uterco`
rco`o,
o, pfre k ke
e
vfrãcs auimes tfr`pfut`s
tfr`pfut`s44 fj j`oe gfafkcke fs fj i`k`j, j`s `ur`s…
◅ Fj k¼ 02 su guk gukicùk
icùk f fss sfrv
sfrvcrcr ` jes ofaà
ofaàss y fstà b bcfk,
cfk, ppfre
fre iu
iu`koe
`koe p`s` o ofa`s
fa`sc`oec`oe
tcfape sf iekvcfrtf fk s`ircgcice p`r` su prepc` vco`
◅ Fj k¼ 09 fs ocg ocgáicj
áicj pperqu
erquf f sf jf p prepe
repekfkf i`a
i`abc`r
bc`r,, quf i`i`o`
o` vfz q quf
uf tcf
tcfkf
kf qu
quff
fvejuicek`r, quf i`abc`r v` ` sfr oejerese y iu`koe je `ifpt`aes v` afler
◅ Fj kk¼¼ 0
0?
?f fss f
fjj k
k¼¼ ooff ssejt
ejt`r`r j`s ies`s
ies`s
◅ Fj k¼ 06 fs teo teoe e je pupujsce
jscek`j,
k`j, tteoe
eoe je `p`s
`p`scek`
cek`oe,
oe, tcf
tcfkf
kf t`a
t`abcãk
bcãk qquf
uf vfr iiekek j`
sfxu`jco`o
 

◅ Fj k¼ 07 tcfk
tcfkff quf vvfr
fr iek jj`s`s a`t
a`tfaàt
faàtci`s
ci`s,, j` pfr
pfrgfiic
gfiicùk
ùk iek fj k¼ ` `urfe
urfe,, quf
kfifsct` quf teoe sf` prficse, pfrgfite, fk su `spfite a`siujcke4 a`siujcke4 fj `spfite
gfafkcke fs ofs`gáe, fj erhujje, jes rftes
◅ Fj k¼ 08 sek j`j`ss i`rc
i`rcic`s
ic`s,, jes `a
`aches
ches,, j` tfrk
tfrkur`,
ur`, ffss auy gàgàicj
icj of ttr`t`r
r`t`r,, m`y qu
quff sfr
auy iàjcoe y tcfrke y fs sugcicfktf
◅ Fj k¼ 0= fs te
teoe
oe je ck
cktfrce
tfrcer,
r, fs j` juk
juk`,
`, fs teo
teoee je quf fs cckiek
kieksicf
sicfktf,
ktf, je f
fsiek
siekocoe
ocoe
◅ Fj k¼ 03 a`si
a`siujck
ujckee fs fj hhr`k
r`k lf
lfgf,
gf, fj o
ocit`o
cit`oer4
er4 fj jj`oe
`oe gf
gfafkc
afkcke ke fs jj`
` p`z y jj`
`
`raeká`, fs uk` pfrsek` tr`kqucj`
◅ Fj k¼ 2> fs j` o ofsv`
fsv`jerc
jercz`ic
z`icùk
ùk y j` büs
büsqufo
qufo` ` ofj rfi
rfiekei
ekeicacf
cacfkte,
kte, pf
pfre
re t`ab
t`abcãk
cãk fj
acstfrce
◅ Fj k
k¼¼ 20 fs jj`
` `ra
`raekeká`á`,, fs fj a
auk
ukoe
oe
◅ Fj k¼ 22 fs t`
t`abcã
abcãk k `jhe h hr`ko
r`kocese
cese,, fj preb
prebjfa`
jfa` ffss quf sc ke tctcfkf
fkf uk
uk` ` bufk
bufk`` b`sf
sùjco` of ?, pufof vejvfrsf jeie, tcfkfk cof`s auy cktfrfs`ktfs
◅ Fj k¼ 27 fs uk k k¼¼ p`rt
p`rtciuj
ciuj`r.
`r. Yc f
fk
k tfr`
tfr`pfut
pfut` ` fs 27
27/=
/= fs ke kera`j
ra`j,, fs jùh
jùhcie
cie pe
perquf
rquf ssf
f
cktfrfs` per teoe je quf fstà rfj`icek`oe iek j` s`juo. @ uk` aulfr iek iàkifr of
a`a` quf tfká` uk 27/= fk fj kuoe faeicek`j jf oclf j` schucfktf gr`sf< ‚hr`ic`s `
fst` fkgfrafo`o peoràs fvejuicek`r‑fvejuicek`r‑.. Fste `brcù su afktf p`r` peofr iektcku`r
tr`b`l`koe y ofsieocgci`
ofsieocgci`rr
◅ Fj k¼ 9> fs j` ieieaukc
aukci`icù
i`icùk,k, pfr
pfree aui
auime me aàs ssutcj,
utcj, jjes
es hr`
hr`kofs
kofs er`o
er`oerfs
erfs
◅ Fj k¼ 99 fstà f fk
k uk` f fsgfr
sgfr`
` auy fjfjfv`o
fv`o`, `, je qquf
uf sui
suifof fof m
mey
ey fk FFhcpte
hcpte pufo
pufof
f m`if
m`ifrr
faeicek`r ` uk 99, fs hfktf quf iu`koe m`y `jhucfk quf sugrf fk j` tcfrr`, `ukquf
seje sf` uk`, fj sugrf t`abcãk4 p`r` fj 99 j` p`z tcfkf quf sfr ukcvfrs`j. Fs per fste
quf m`y afks`lfs irástcies, of `aer…, y fste iekicfrkf `j 99. Fs `jhe
pesctcve pfre ke fs gàicj a`ktfkfrsf `má, sebrfteoe fk fj aukoe a`tfrc`j fk
quf fst`aes. Fk fj pscqucàtrcie fstà jjfke of 99, sek jes quf sf irffk Lfsüs, e jes
hurüs. Hferhf Busm fs 99/74 Y`o`a Mussfck fr` 99/7. Fs uk huá`, pufof sfr uk
huá` ocit`oer e uk huá` fspcrctu`j.
◅ Fj k¼ ?> tcfk
tcfkf
f quf vvfr
fr iek jjes
es fkg
fkgfrae
fraess hr`v
hr`vfs.
fs. Vk tfr`p
tfr`pfut`
fut` ?
?>
> quf rrficb
ficb`
`
fkgfraes hr`vfs ke jf supekf uk prebjfa`

_fr`pc`
I`o` küafre tcfkf sus `ptctuofs y sus puktes oãbcjfs. J` hr`ic` fs qufo`rsf iek je
pesctcve y tr`b`l`r
pescbcjco`ofs je kfh`tcve.
of tr`t`r Wfrfaes
uk k¼ quf j`s pescbcjco`ofs tfr`pãutci`s, quf m`y auim`s
ke gukicek`.
W`aes ` fapfz`r iek fj tr`t`acfkte, iek p`tejehá`s, per flfapje, j` Fsijfrescs fk ^j`i`s.
Ycabùjci`afktf fs 8, perquf tcfkf quf vfr iek fj iektrej. Je peofaes m`ifr iek teoes jes
küafres, pfre fsiele fstf ieae flfapje perquf tr`tã ` uk` aulfr k¼ 8 iek FA iek fste.
Fktrf teoes jes küafres of b`sf 22 m`y oes p`rtciuj`rfs<
 

 
◅ Fj 2 20,
0, qu
quf
f fs
fs j`
j` `
`ra
raek
ekcz
cz`i
`icù
cùkk
◅ Fj 2 22,
2, qu
quf
f fs
fs sseb
ebrf
rfp`
p`s`
s`rr `
`jh
jhe
e
^`r` tr`t`r `jhe peofaes m`ifr oes ies`s< e bcfk cktfkt`r `raekcz`rje, o`rjf uk` sejuicùk
pràitci`, e bcfk supfr`rje, cr aàs `jjà. @ fste jf jj`ae j`s erfl`s of Acidfy. M`y oes
rfoeko`s, uk` p`r` `raekcz`r y etr` p`r` supfr`r `jhe.
Flfapje< p`r` `raekcz`r uk k¼ 8 tfkfaes quf
m`ifrje ` tr`vãs ofj 20 Ç 20-810?, y p`r` supfr`rje tfkfaes quf p`s`r per fj 22 Ç
22-8106.
Iu`koe m`y uk` icgr` ocgáicj, fk fstf i`se fj 8, tfkfaes oes pescbcjco`o
pescbcjco`ofs
fs of tr`t`rje, `
tr`vãs ofj 0? ù ` tr`vãs ofj 06.
Fj 0? fs sejt`r y fkfrhãtci`. W`aes ` pfocrjf ` fst` pfrsek` quf sufjtf, quf sf ofsprfko`
of je quf pufo`, of su mcsterc`, p`r` rfp`r`r j`s ies`s ocgáicjfs of su vco` jf rfieafkoàcs
quf fapcfif ` sejt`r eblftes, jf o`cs fj pùstfr of j`s i`t`r`t`s of Chu`zü, e `jhucfk s`jt`koe
fk p`r`i`áo`s, y jf ofiás quf sf tcfkf quf m`ifr uk tr`t`acfkte fkfrhãtcie, teoe fste p`r`
`raekcz`rsf.
S p`r` supfr`r fs fj 06, fs pfhukt`rjf µIuàj fr` su p`scùk5 Puf j` rfiupfrf.
Etre flfapje, uk` pfrsek` iek kuoe faeicek`j 09, pekorfaes j`s erfl`s of Acidfy,
20-091=4 22-0913. W`aes ` tr`t`r uk` pfrsek` 09 ` tr`vãs ofj =, quf fs fj ockfre, fj
fqucjcbrce faeicek`j, j` fspcrctu`jco`o. ^ufofs tr`t`r uk 09 ` tr`vãs ofj =. S fj 3 fs cr `j
fxtfrcer, iekfit`rsf iek fj ukcvfrse, jes p`cs`lfs, fti.
^er flfapje, kuoe faeicek`j 2> tfkhe quf cr `j k¼ 0 y `j k¼ 2. Fj 0 sey ye, `uteoco`it`,
petfkic`j, iekgc`r fk uke acsae e fk `jhucfk, ofktre of j` ier`z`, kfifsco`o of `csj`rsf. Fs
oficr, fs `gcra`rsf uke acsae, fj 0 sey ye y tfkhe iekgc`kz` fk ac acsae. ^fre ieae ke
tfkhe iekgc`kz` fk ac g`acjc`, sey ye acsae quf tfkhe quf iekgc`r, hr`ic`s ` acs
rfsujt`oes.
S fj 2 fs j` cktucicùk, sfirfte. Fs iekgc`r fk sus cktucicekfs. _`abcãk fs hfktf quf sf scfktf
`tr`áo` per jes sfirftes of g`acjc`, per j`s ies`s quf ke sf m`k ocime, scfktfk iu`koe m`y
uk sfirfte, tcfkfk cktucicùk.
_eoes jes pcj`rfs fk jes quf ke es scktàcs bcfk jf pekãcs j`s erfl`s of Acidfy.
Fj 20 sufjf fst`r fk `raeká`, kera`jafktf ke m`y quf `raekcz`rje. ^fre sc fstà bjequf`oe
seje peofaes m`ifr 0 e 22, iekgc`r fk uke acsae.
 @ kcvfj ofj t`ret
t`ret fj 22 sek teo
teo`s
`s j`s i`rt`s, fs f
fjj iekeicacfk
iekeicacfkte
te ukcvfrs`j. A
Af
f hust` j` gr`sf
of ‚Ceo`‑ of j` Hufrr` of j`s H`j`xc`s, ‚j` gufrz` fst` fk tc‑. Fst` fs j` gr`sf ofj 22.
M`y uk petfkic`j quf fstà fsiekocoe ofbcoe ` kufstr` mcsterc`.
 

Yc tfkãcs quf `raekcz`r iek uk k¼ 09 ke es scrvàcs of ãj. ^er flfapje, sc `jhucfk fs uk =

peoãcs tr`t`rje iek uk 09 ù uk 0? ù iek `abes. µIuàj v`cs ` fsiehfr5 … Ke vey ` oficrjf
quf m`h` ies`s ocgáicjfs. Wey ` tr`t`rje iek fj 0?.
Yc tfkãcs uk 06 per flfapje, sf pufof fsiehfr fktrf uk 7 ù uk 8. µIuàj v`cs ` fsiehfr5 Fj
7, aàs v`jf oficrjf quf v`y` `j ickf ` vfr uk` ieafoc` ` quf cktfktf iektrej`rje teoe. Afler
quf m`h` uk iurse of p`y`ses quf uk iurse of Fxifj.
Ycfaprf fs iuàj of jes oes v`y` afler, pfre sùje je v`cs ` utcjcz`r iu`koe scktàcs quf m`y
uk` ocgciujt`o fk fstf pcj`r. Yek v`rc`s sejuicekfs p`r` tr`t`r fj küafre. _`abcãk j`
pfrsek`jco`o preguko`, teoes jes küafres pufofk tr`t`rsf iek j`s erfl`s of Acidfy. Fj 27
ke, fs fj =44 fj 99 ke, fs fj 7… fti.
^fre flfapje, kuoe faeicek`j 08, vcfkf ` ieksujt` y vfe quf fstà bjequf`o` ` kcvfj
faeicek`j y quf ke iekschuf fxprfs`r su rfsfktcr, vey ` `i`rcic`rjf j` a`ke, su fstrãs v` `
ocsackucr y peorã p`s`r j` ckgera`icùk.
M`y küafres quf sek p`rtciuj`rfs, aàs ocgáicjfs. ^er flfapje, fj k¼ 09 p`r` s`i`r sus
faeicekfs m`y quf i`v`r auy mekoe. M`y quf fxpjci`rjf mcsterc`s of hfktf quf s`jcù of uk
kcvfj auy b`le quf i`sc sf aurcfrek y quf sf m`k iur`oe. S fste jfs faeicek`rà. Fj 09 fs
ocgáicj, m`y quf supfr`r prufb`s, y jfs ofiás< ‚v`s ` tfkfr quf supfr`r prufb`s, pfre ye
fstey `quá p`r` `yuo`rtf‑.
^er flfapje, `jhucfk iek uk k¼ 8, fk su i`se m`y quf iektrej`r uk peie aàs e m`y quf
sejt`r fj iektrej. S sc ke je ieksfhuás, jf pekãcs j`s erfl`s of Acidfy y es s`jf fj 0? y fj 06,
y vfcs quf `ük peoãcs `yuo`r fk fstf pj`ke iek fste.
^er flfapje, uk` pfrsek` fs ^^ 8, KF fs 8 y fk j`s erfl`s of Acidfy s`jf uk 8. Fste m`y
quf vfrje pesctcve, m`y auimes 8 fk fjj`, je quf fstà auy bcfk fs quf tr`t`rà su 8 y tr`t`rà 9
ies`s `j acsae tcfape. Yc m`y uk` icgr` quf sf rfpctf fk vufstr` tfaàtci`, afler quf
tr`b`lãcs fstf pukte, perquf es pfractcrà tr`b`l`r v`rces pcj`rfs ` j` vfz.
^er flfapje, sc s`jf uk 27/=, m`y =, `sá quf sf m`ifk j`s erfl`s `j =, pfre fs uk = quf fstà
tfðcoe of 27. Fj = fs fj fqucjcbrce y fj 27 fs fqucjcbrce fk j` s`juo. @sá quf sf scfktf `tr`áoe
per fj fqucjcbrce fk hfkfr`j, pfre iek uk tequf of fkgfrafo`o/s`juo. ^fre j`s erfl`s seje sf
m`ifk `j =.
^rfhukt`s
◅ Vk` pf pfrsek
rsek` ` fstà m`m`icfk
icfkoe
oe uk` p pregfs
regfscùk
cùk of `
`iufr
iufroe
oe ` su kua
kuafrej
frejehá`
ehá`,, pfre of
oficof
icof
i`abc`r
◅ Iu`k
Iu`koe oe uk` pfrs
pfrsek`
ek` i`
i`abc`
abc` oof
f rfpf
rfpfktfktf of ppregf
regfscùk
scùk f
fss uk` af
afaerc
aerc`< `<
tr`kshfkfr`icek`j, icijes ifjuj`rfs afaercz`oes, preyfite/sfktcoe…
Fsi`j` of icgr`s tfkscek`jfs< jes küafres ofsof jes aàs iekgjcitcves ` jes afkes
iekgjcitcves, jes küafres quf rficbfk aàs tfkscùk<
◅ Fj k¼ =, iiu`k u`koeoe ke sf m` fkfktfko
tfkocoe,
coe, p perqu
erquf
f fj = fs ` j` vfz fj fqu
fqucjcb
cjcbrce
rce -p
-per
er je t`
t`kte
kte
fs fj of afkes tfkscùk perquf fstà fk fj fqucjcbrce-, pfre iu`koe ke fstà fktfkocoe
fs fj aàs ocgáicj perquf fs fj tfrrcterce. Iekeifaes jes oes `spfites ofj =, fs
tfrrcterc`j, fj lfgf, fs ráhcoe4 fj etre `spfite fs j` fspcrctu`jc
fspcrctu`jco`o
o`o y fj fqucjcbrce
fqucjcbrce,, fti.
Iu`koe tfkfaes uk =, sebrfteoe fk uk pcj`r ij`vf, tfkfaes quf `vfrchu`r quf
schkcgci` fstf = fk j` pfrsek`, fs oficr sc fstà fk j` fspcrctu`jco`o, fk j` iekqucst` ofj
tfrrcterce, fk fj ockfre, fti. Fj = pufof sfr g`ktàstcie e pufof sfr auy oure.
◅ Fj k¼ 07 07,, perq
perqufuf r`r
r`r`afk
`afktftf sf fk
fktcfk
tcfkofk
ofk b
bcfk,
cfk, tf
tfkfae
kfaess ` j` hf
hfktf
ktf ererhujj
hujjes`,
es`,
`rreh`ktf, pfrgfiicekcst`,
pfrgfiicekcst`, per je t`kte capjci` auim` rchcofz.
◅ Fj k¼ 02, pe perquf
rquf ` afk
afkuoe
uoe ssf
f fkt
fktcfko
cfkof f iek fj tã
tãrack
racke
e of ss`irc
`ircgcice
gcice..
◅ Fj k¼ 22, sc k kee tcfk
tcfkff icacf
icacfktes
ktes sf p pcfro
cfrof.
f. Fs fj hfkce
hfkce y j` je
jeiur`
iur`.. J` jeiu
jeiur`r` fap
fapcfz`
cfz`
iu`koe uke ke pufof gukicek`r iek kera`jco`o fk j` vco` ietcoc`k`.
 

◅ Fj k¼ 0=
0=,, perq
perquf
uf fs te
teo`
o` j` m
mcster
csterc`
c` ofj p`s`
p`s`oe
oe qu
quff ke sf m
m`` rfsu
rfsufjte
fjte y aaf f aej
aejfst`.
fst`.
Yf jf pcof quf fxpjerf su p`s`oe p`r` fst`r bcfk mey.
◅ Fj k¼ 06
06,, perq
perquf
uf tfk
tfkfaes
faes ` `quá
quá fj p
prebj
rebjfa`
fa` capert`
capert`ktf
ktf of j` sfx
sfxu`jc
u`jco`oo`o..
◅ Fj k¼ 09
09,, fs auy o oure
ure ie
ieae
ae küa
küafre,
fre, p
pfre
fre rf
rfiero
iero`o
`o je sc
schucf
hucfktf,
ktf, sscc fs ocg
ocgáicj
áicj f
fss
kera`j. S hr`ic`s ` fst` ocgciujt`o vey ` i`abc`r, vey ` fvejuicek`
fvejuicek`r. r.
Iu`koe tfkãcs uk 09 es ofiás ‚sá, v` ` sfr oure pfre af v` ` i`abc`r‑. Yc es
qufoàcs fk fj juh`r, v` ` sfr aàs oure4 `prevfim`rje p`r` fvejuicek`r.
◅ Fj k¼ 8, per per f fjj iiek
ektr
trej
ej..
Küafres of fqucjcbrce<
◅ Fj k k¼¼ 0
0,, f
fjj pet
petfkfkicic`j
`j,, fj fh
fhe.
e.
◅ Fj k¼ 2, fs j` ck cktu
tuci
cicù
cùk.
k.
◅ Fj k¼ 9, fs fj ck cktf
tfjf
jfit
ite.
e.
◅ Fj k k¼¼ 7
7,, f
fss ffjj k
kcðe
cðe,, fj kc
kcðe
ðe ckt
cktfrk
frke.
e.
◅ Fj k¼ 3, fj ckieksi
ckieksicfktfcfktf iejf
iejfitcve
itcve,, j` k`tur`j
k`tur`jfz`,
fz`, jes vc`lfs…
◅ Fj k¼ 0>, fs jj` ` cksf
cksfhurc
hurco`o
o`o pfre
pfre t`ab
t`abcãkcãk te
teoe
oe je rfjrfj`tcve
`tcve `
`jj je s`hr
s`hr`oe,
`oe, fk f
fjj sfktc
sfktcoe
oe
rfjchcese
◅ Fj k¼ 0?,0?, f fjj a
a`h`hkfkftctcsa
sae.e.
◅ Fj k¼ 2> 2>,, fs j` bü büsquf
squfo` o` of rf
rfieke
iekeicac
icacfkte
fkte.. Jes küküafre
afress sck tf
tfkscù
kscùk<
k<
◅ Fj k k¼¼ ?, ffjj k¼ 6 6,, fj k
k¼¼ 00
00,, fj k
k¼¼ 08
08,, fj k
k¼¼ 03 y fj kk¼¼ 20
20..
Flfapje of uk tfa`. ^rcafre acr`aes j` ^frsek`jco`o ^reguko` (^^) y vfr quf schkcgci`
p`r` fst` pfrsek` su küafre y fste kes o` fj kcvfj of j` ieksujt` y j` `o`pt`rfaes ` fste.
Ofspuãs acr`aes jes küafres quf tcfkfk tfkscùk< =, 07, 02, 22, 0=, 06…-.
Ofspuãs vfrcgci`rã fj rfafoce, j` büsqufo` of j` `raeká` (RM) y jf prfhukte quf m`y fk su
vco` rfgfrfktf ` fstf küafre.
Ofspuãs crfaes fk busi` ofj kuoe faeicek`j (KF), p`r` vfr iek je quf fstà fk rfj`icùk.
Wfrcgci`rfaes sc j` rufo` o` vufjt`s, sc su vco` fstà fk rfj`icùk `j k¼ quf tcfkf fk fj KF. Yc
uk k¼ ke v` bcfk jf pekorfaes j`s erfl`s of Acidfy.
Ofspuãs acre fj k¼ of Rfscstfkic` (KR) p`r` vfr sc fstà fst`bjf.
Yc vcfkf per uk prebjfa` pregfscek`j, m`rã j` ^^ + PY + KF + ^FY.
M`y quf acr`r teoe fste ieae uk fkhr`k`lf, ieae jes rfjelfs. Iu`koe teoe fs fst`bjf, j`
a`quck`rc` hcr` kera`jafktf. Iu`koe `jhe ke v` bcfk m`y oes pescbcjco`ofs< pekfr uk peie
of `ifctf, iek fj k¼ PY (büsqufo` fspcrctu`j) quf ` vfifs vufjvf ` m`ifr gukicek`r teoe fj
scstfa`. Etr`s vfifs sf bjequf` y tfkfaes oes pescbcjco`ofs< j`s erfl`s of Acidfy fk fj
KF.
Fste fs fj FY^FLE, y teo` kufstr` vco` gukicek`aes `sá, fs oficr, teo`s j`s a`ð`k`s
iu`koe af acre fste fs je quf vfe. Iu`koe kes p`rtcaes per fj KR, tfkfaes fj RY.
Iu`koe bjequf`aes teoe fj scstfa` i`faes fk j` AÀYI@R@, fs j` üjtca` pescbcjco`o p`r`
rfaekt`r, sc ke y` i`faes fk j` pscquc`trá`.
_ei`r gekoe fs hr`vf, perquf tfkfaes auim`s epicekfs y schkcgci` quf j`s mfaes `pur`oe
teo`s. Y`bcfkoe fste peoãcs tfkfr uk` prfvfkicùk. Iek j` kuafrejehá` peofaes fktr`r fk
j`s faeicekfs of j` pfrsek` quf kes ieksujt`. Fk ieksujt` acr`rfaes fk k¼ of rfscstfkic`
p`r` vfr iùae m` peocoe vfkcr fj prebjfa`.
Iu`koe sek hfafjes y tcfkfk j`s acsa`s gfim`s of k`icacfkte, j` tfaàtci` fk b`sf 22
sfrà j` acsa`, pfre ke fk b`sf 3, perquf tcfkfk ocstckte keabrf. ^er fste j` b`sf 3 fs
fstruitur`j y j` b`sf 22 fs pscie-iekouitcs
pscie-iekouitcst`.
t`.
Oes hfafjes gufrek ` vfr ` uk `strùjehe, k`icfrek iek oes ackutes of ocgfrfkic`, ` uke
teoe jf v` bcfk y fj etre fstà fk fj pscqucàtrcie. Ke fktcfkof, perquf j` tfaàtci` fs j` acsa`.
Fkiektr`aes j` rfspufst` fk fj keabrf4 ke tcfkfk fj acsae keabrf, ke fs j` acsa`
 

tfaàtci` fk b`sf 3, y iek fj keabrf fstàk mfrfo`koe j` afaerc` of pfrsek`s ocgfrfktfs. @j

gck`j sf tcfkf quf afzij`r teoe uk peie.
Yc secs y`icfktf of `jhucfk, tea`o su kuafrejehá` p`r` ckvfstch`r su tfaàtci` y vfr sc vcvás
j` vco` ofj etre. S sc qufrãcs ocvfrtcres, m`ifr fj tfa` ofj oá` of su aufrtf y ebsfrv`o quf
fkfrhá` m`bá` `jjá y pufof quf sf` fste je quf es `gfitf mey.
_eoes jes pcj`rfs pufofk tfkfr `jhuk` ocgciujt`o, pfre s`bfaes quf j`s faeicekfs sek je
aàs capert`ktf fk rfj`icùk ` j` fkgfrafo`o. ^er fste fs capert`ktf fj kuoe faeicek`j fk j`
fkgfrafo`o. Gcl`res fk fj k¼ faeicek`j< peofaes pekfr `ifctf (PY), j`s erfl`s of Acidfy,
fj afoci`afkte (PF), tfkfaes ? pescbcjco`ofs p`r` tr`t`rje.
 @ p`rtcr ofj aeafkte fk quf iekeiãc
iekeiãcss j` kuafreje
kuafrejehá`
há` y quf tr`b`l
tr`b`làcs
àcs m`bctu`j
m`bctu`jafktf
afktf sebrf
vufstr` tfaàtci`, tfùrci`afktf ofbfrá`cs m`ifr quf fj fkhr`k`lf gukicekf kera`jafktf,
prfst`koe `tfkicùk `j k¼ of rfscstfkic`. Fs per `quá quf sf kes v` ` gukocr j` fkfrhá` y
m`ifrje fk pjfk` iekicfkic`.
Fj rfsfktcr fs fj Kuoe Faeicek`j. Yc sey 22 vey ` rfsfktcr of gera` ocgfrfktf ` uk 8, = e 0>.
Iek fj 22 fstey sfhure quf j` pfrsek` tcfkf `jhe hr`kof fk su i`bfz`, hr`kocese p`r` ãj.
Yc uk` pfrsek` fs k¼ ?, quf fstà auy bcfk fstruitur`oe fs gàicj reapfrjf j` rutck`, sf jf
pufof reapfr gàicjafktf su fstruitur`, per je t`kte tfkorfaes quf vfr su fstruitur` of
b`sf iu`koe tfkh` uk sáktea`. ^er flfapje, uk` Fsijfrescs Aüjtcpjf k¼ 3 fs quf
‚jf capcocfrek s`jcr‑, perquf uk 3 tcfkf kfifsco`o of s`jcr. Vk` FA (fsijfrescs
aüjtcpjf) k¼ 8 fs quf fs `jhucfk quf iektrej` ofa`sc`oe. Vk` FA of `jhucfk quf fs 22 fs
quf ‚jf capco
capcofk
fk jjfv`r ` i`be sus sufðes sufðes‑,‑, per flfapje. Vk` FA 00 ‚jf
capcocfrek fst`r fk iekt`i
iekt`ite
te iek fkfrhá`s sutcjfs‑. Vk` FA k¼ 09, ‚ke m`
qufrcoe, sf m` rfscstcoe ` fvejuicek`r‑. Fj k¼ 02 fs `jhucfk quf sf s`ircgciù ofa`sc`oe, quf
sf ejvcoù of sc acsae.
Fs per fstf `spfite ` fst` cktfr`iicùk quf ye jj`ae ` fste kuafre-bcejehá`. Fst` prficscùk
rfj`icek`o` iek j` bceofsieocgci`icùk kes `yuo` ` sfr aàs prficses.
^er flfapje, uk iàkifr of sfke, µoùkof v`aes ` busi`rje5 ^`r` teo`s j`s fkgfrafo`ofs
fs capert`ktf fj kuoe faeicek`j, pfre p`r` fj iàkifr of sfke acr`rfaes fj ICY, fj kcoe
fstrcite, ieae gukicek` fk ac i`s`, iek jes quf fstàk ` ac `jrfofoer. Fj kcoe `apjc`oe fs fj
IFY, quf tcfkf quf vfr iek fj fxtfrcer, iek j` p`rfl`.
Etr` ies`, j` a`orf y fj p`orf. J` a`orf (fs fj oá`), kes o` uk k¼ quf kes `pert` m`ifr `jhe
quf fjj` ke puoe m`ifr. Fj p`orf (fj `ðe) tf pcof quf m`h`s je quf ãj ke pufof m`ifr.
_fkfaes uk` p`rtf of mfrfkic` of j` a`orf y uk` p`rtf ofj p`orf. Fs fj afks`lf a`tfrke y
p`tfrke, gera` p`rtf ofj preyfite/sfktcoe.
 

 
Yc tfkfaes fj acsae k¼ per p`rtf of p`orf y a`orf pufofs supekfr quf vfká`s iek uk
hfafje. ^eofaes ocvcocr fj fspfle/a`si`r` fk fj ifrfbre gfafkcke/a`siujcke. Yc es s`jfk
jes acsaes k¼ fk i`o` j`oe fs uk schke of hfafjes. Iu`koe fkiufktre quf j` tfaàtci` fs
j` acsa` ` j` ofrfim` y ` j` czqucfro` fs ieae sc tuvcfr` ifrfbre oebjf, `sá quf sespfime j`
fxcstfkic` of uk hfafje, ãr`aes oes fk fj vcfktrf of j` a`orf y uke aurcù. Ofspuãs
busi`rã etres sáktea`s, ieae per flfapje, j` büsqufo` ofj cof`j, busi`k iektcku`afktf fj
`aer cof`j, perquf iu`koe fst`b` iek su hfafje m`iá`k uk` sej` pfrsek`. Yek hfktf iek
mcsterc`s of `aer b`st`ktf ieapjci`o`s, perquf fj cof`j ke fs pescbjf.
Etres schkes ckocrfites, per flfapje, hfktf quf oufraf iek auim`s `jaem`o`s iehco`s,
busi`koe j` oujzur`, fk iekt`ite iek `jhucfk. Hfktf quf tcfkf oes `itcvco`ofs, e oes
pregfscekfs, ` vfifs auy ocstckt`s, oes i`s`s y ke s`bfk oekof vcvfk. Vke of i`o` 6
fab`r`zes fs of hfafjes, sek auimes.
 

J@ AÀYI@R@
Iu`koe j`s ies`s ke v`k k`o` bcfk f ckijuse fj k¼ of urhfkic` y` ke gukicek`, kes
mukocaes y v`aes m`ic` kufstr` aàsi`r`. Kufstr` aàsi`r` sf fkiufktr` rfst`koe. Fs je
acsae quf mfaes mfime fk fj fspfle.
KVOE OF OFGFKY@ (KO) e kuoe of oejer, fqucv`jfktf fk fj fspfle ofj kuoe faeicek`j
(KF). Yf i`jiuj`<

 @ðe k`icacfkte
k`icacfkte ’ oá` k`icacfkte
k`icacfkte 1 kuoe of
of ofgfks`
^er `rrcb` tfká`aes fj ICY, ieapert`acfkte cktfrcer seic`j. @mer` vfrfaes fj
ieapert`acfkte cktfrcer of ofgfks`, fj IFO, quf sf i`jiuj`<
K¼ ICO 1 oá` k`icacfkte ’ afs 1;fqucv`jfktf fk fj fspfle `j ICY
Fk fj fspfle tfkfaes fj ieapert`acfkte fxtfrcer seic`j, fk j` aàsi`r` tfkãcs fj
ieapert`acfkte fxtfrcer of ofgfks`, fj IFO, quf sf i`jiuj`<
K¼ IFO 1 `ðe k`icacfkte ’ afs 1;fqucv`jfktf fk fj fspfle `j IFY
^FRYEK@JCO@O F]_FRCER OF OFGFKY@ (^FO) 1; fqucv`jfktf fk fj fspfle `j pcj`r
pregfscek`j (^FY)

k¼ ICY ’ k¼ IFY 1 pfrsek`jco`o fxtfrcer of ofgfks`

BVYPVFO@ OF FYI@^F (RF)Çfqucv`jfktf fk fj fspfle of j` büsqufo` of `raeká` (RM),
fs fj quf af pfractf s`jcr, fs j` büsqufo` of fsi`pf.
^frsek`jco`o preguko` ’ pfrsek`jco`o fxtfrcer of ofgfks` 1 kuoe of fsi`pf
KVAFRE OF MVCO@ (KG) Çfqucv`jfktf fk fj fspfle ofj küafre of fafrhfkic` (RY)

^cj`r of rfscstfkic` ’ pfrsek`jco`o fxtfrcer of ofgfks` 1 küafre of muco`

W`aes ` fktfkofr j`s hfkfr`jco`ofs. Kera`jafktf, `ukquf j`s ies`s ke v`y`k auy bcfk,
scfaprf fst`aes fk fj fspfle. Fs uk scstfa` iek v`rces pcj`rfs y i`sc scfaprf fst`aes `má.
^fre p`r` `jhuk`s pfrsek`s quf j`s ies`s jfs v`k a`j, quf fstàk `j berof ofj sucicoce, quf
ke tcfkfk k`o` of fkfrhá` y sf scfktfk auy a`j, ofl`k of fst`r fk fj fspfle y p`s`k ` j`
aàsi`r`. S j` aàsi`r` fstà `jjá p`r` vejvfr `j fspfle.
^rcafre acr`aes fj fspfle y iu`koe fkiektr`aes quf jes pcj`rfs ke fstàk bcfk rfspft`oes,
v`cs ` busi`r fj pcj`r fqucv`jfktf ` kcvfj of aàsi`r` p`r` vejvfr ` fst`r fk fj fspfle. Fst`
fs j` quckt` a`kfr` of rfp`r`r.
^er flfapje, sc uk` pfrsek` ke fstà bcfk fk fj tr`b`le, fk fj ^FY, j` irctci`k, ke sf scfktf
bcfk y ofl` of rfspft`r fstf pcj`r, v`aes ` busi`r fj pcj`r fqucv`jfktf fk j` aàsi`r` y
v`aes ` tr`t`rje p`r` quf pufo` rfiupfr`r su pcj`r pregfscek`j of fspfle. ^er flfapje, sc fj
pcj`r pregfscek`j fs uk 20, fstf k¼ fs fj aukoe, busi`rfaes fk fj ^FO fj k¼, quf per
flfapje fs uk 09 y jf ocrfaes quf fvejuicekf, `ukquf sf` ocgáicj. Jf v`aes ` pfocr quf
m`h` uk iufstcek`acfkte pregukoe, iek j`s hr`kofs prfhukt`s fxcstfkic`jfs,
ofsprfkocãkoekes of ies`s `ukquf sf` ocgáicj, e oure e oejerese, `ukquf tfkh`aes quf
ofl`r hfktf, ockfre u etr`s ies`s `tràs.
Yc tfkfaes uk kuoe faeicek`j k¼ 00, per flfapje, y fstà bjequf`oe per su foui`icùk,
perquf ke pufof fxprfs`r fstf j`oe aàs sutcj iek su p`rfl` e iek su g`acjc`, sf v` `
bjequf`r. ^`r` rfiupfr`r fstf 00 v`aes ` busi`r fj pcj`r fqucv`jfktf fk j` aàsi`r`, fj kuoe

of oejer (e ofgfks`), y fk su i`se kes s`jf uk 09 y tfkorà quf m`ifrsf uk iufstcek`acfkte

 

pregukoe rfj`icek`oe iek je quf scfktf. Yc vcfkf ` ieksujt` tfkhe quf prekukic`r j`s
p`j`br`s ij`vf p`r` fjj`.
 @sá p`r` i`o` pcj`r,
pcj`r, iu`koe uk pcj`r ofj f
fspfle
spfle fstà bje
bjequf`oe
quf`oe bu
busi`rfaes
si`rfaes fj pc
pcj`r
j`r
fqucv`jfktf fk j` aàsi`r` p`r` peofr rfp`r`rje. S ke ejvcoãcs quf t`abcãk peofaes
`ð`ocrjf j`s erfl`s of Acidfy.
Etre pcj`r capert`ktf fs j` büsqufo` of fsi`pf, fs fj rfafoce of urhfkic`. Fs iu`koe k`o`
v` bcfk, `ktfs of aercr kes qufo` fstf k¼. Yc per flfapje fs uk 7, fs fj p`y`se, fj kcðe
cktfrcer, per je t`kte jf rfieafko`rá` quf vcfr` ieafoc`s, k`o` of tmrcjjfr kc of pfjáiuj`s
cktfjfitu`jfs.
Etre pcj`r auy capert`ktf fs fj kuoe of muco`. Fste fs `jhe quf m`y quf rfspft`r ieae
üjtca` epicùk of quf sf qufof fk j` tcfrr`. Yc fs uk 6, per flfapje, fs fj cktfrcer, iùae
ofiere ac i`s`4 acs prckicpces pejátcies, seic`jfs, j` iekim` e j` burbul`. M`y quf ofl`rj` fk
fst` burbul` p`r` quf sf rfi`rhuf. Fs j` üjtca` pescbcjco`o `ktfs of p`s`r ` pscquc`trá`.
^fre p`r` jjfh`r ` fstf pukte qucfrf oficr quf teoe `ktfs sf m` bjequf`oe, quf ke kes m`
gukicek`oe k`o` `ktfs, je iu`j fs auy ocgáicj.
Je capert`ktf fs ieaprfkofr j` gcjesegá` of teoe fste. ^er flfapje, `jhucfk quf tfkh` uk 0
fk fj kuoe of muco`, iu`koe fr`s pfqufðe y ke fst`b`s bcfk tf fkifrr`b`s fk tu m`bct`icùk
y k`ocf peoá` fktr`r, af fkicfrre fk ac acsae. Fj 0 fs fj `uteoco`it`, fs fj quf sf j`s
`p`ð` seje.
^rfhukt`s<
◅ µIuà
µIuàjj fs j` o ocgfrf
cgfrfkic`
kic` f fktrf
ktrf jj`
` büsq
büsqufo`ufo` of fsi fsi`pf
`pf y f fjj küa
küafre fre of muco
muco`5`5
◅ J` mucmuco`o` fs `j `jhe
he `it
`itcve
cve y fj f fsi`p
si`pf f fs `j `jhe
he p`sp`scve.
cve. J J`` KG fs ‚‚p`r`p`r` ssfktc
fktcraf
raf
bcfk tfkhe quf mucr‑. J` büsqufo` of fsi`pf fs uk` ejj` ` prfscùk, fs j` s`jco` of
v`per, ocsackucr j` prfscùk cktfrcer y fk j` muco` fs ieae fsi`pe of j` sctu`icùk.
◅ Iu`k
Iu`koe oe fk f fjj pcj`
pcj`rr fquc
fqucv`jf
v`jfktf
ktf of j` j` aàsi
aàsi`r``r` s`
s`jf
jf fj aacsae
csae k k¼¼ quf ffk
k fj fsp
fspfle
fle
◅ Fs uk` ie ieckic
ckicofkofkic`
ic` y tcfk
tcfkfsfs quf ` `p`ð`
p`ð`rtfrtf iek f fstf
stf k¼
k¼,, pek j`s er erfl`s
fl`s ooff Acidf
Acidfyy e
jes etres küafres
◅ Yc af co cofktc
fktcgcie
gcie a aàs
às iek jjes es küa
küafres
fres o off j` aà
aàsi`r
si`r` ` µquc
µqucfrffrf of oficr
icr qu
quf
f fste
fsteyy
rfp`r`koe p`r` vejvfr `j fspfle5
◅ Yfhu
Yfhur`af
r`afktf. ktf. Pu Pucfrf
cfrf o oficr
ficr qquf
uf m`y uk ssugrc ugrcacfk
acfkte te cktf
cktfrcer
rcer,, je fsie
fsiekofs
kofs iiek
ek tu
i`ràitfr pfre schuf fst`koe `jjá, perquf sc utcjcz`s tu aàsi`r` qucfrf oficr quf fj
fspfle fstà `gfit`oe y sc fstà `gfit`oe fs quf fs `jhe gufrtf.
W`aes ` vfr teoes jes küafres of muco` (KG) of j` aàsi`r`<
◅ K¼ 0 0,, fs a af f `á`ásje
sje of teoe
teoe y af rrfi` fi`rherhe sej
seje.
e.
◅ K¼ 2 2,, af `ás`ásje
je y af o ofle
fle fk a acc ck
cktuc
tucicù
icùk.
k.
◅ K¼ 9, ve veyy ` uk` iiekgf ekgfrfki
rfkic`,
c`, jf
jfe
e uk jcjcbre,
bre, ve
veyy ` ij`
ij`sf,
sf, `j
`jhehe ckt
cktfjfi
fjfitu`j
tu`j…
…
◅ K¼ ?, yye e af f fstrui
struiture,
ture, fs ve vejvfr
jvfr ` bus
busi`ri`r aacs
cs b`
b`sfs
sfs ffstrui
struitur`j
tur`jfs.
fs.
◅ K¼ 6, fs vvejvfejvfrr ` fkie
fkiektr`ktr`rr ac iek
iektfxte
tfxte,, acs rf rfgfrf
gfrfktfs
ktfs f fkk i`s`
i`s`,, hfeh
hfehràgc
ràgcies…
ies…
◅ K¼ 7, f fss gàic
gàicj,j, rfá
rfársf,
rsf, ssejt`
ejt`rsf,
rsf, e eiup`
iup`rsf rsf ooff su kkcðe
cðe ccktfrc
ktfrcer.
er.
◅ K¼ 8, fs iek iektrej,
trej, ` j` p pfrse
frsek`k` sf jf pr prepek
epekf f iektr
iektrej`r
ej`rsf
sf ` sc acs acsa`,
a`, pe
perquf
rquf f fjj iektr
iektrej
ej
` kcvfj of aàsi`r` fs quf `ktfs ke m`s iektrej`oe k`o`, tfkhe quf vejvfr `
fst`bjfifraf.
◅ K¼ =, fs rrfiupfiupfr`r fr`r jj`
` gert
gertuk`,
uk`, a afoct
foct`r,
`r, rf
rfiupf
iupfr`r
r`r fj ffqucj
qucjcbrc
cbrce.
e. K¼ 3, s` s`jcr
jcr `j f
fxtfrc
xtfrcer.
er.
◅ K¼ 0>
0>,, ccrr ` j` ch chjf
jfsc
sc``
◅ K¼ 00, rfsfrfsfktcr,
ktcr, fsiu
fsiuim`r
im`r,, af iekfite iek fj i`k` i`k`j,j, jes im`iim`ir`s…
r`s…
◅ K¼ 0 02,
2, `y`yuo`r
uo`r y ei eiup`r
up`rsf sf oof
f je
jess ofa
ofaàs às scsck
k s`i
s`ircgci
rcgci`rsf
`rsf
◅ K¼ 09, iu iufstc
fstcek`a
ek`acfktcfkte e pregu
pregukoe
koe tet
tet`j,
`j, of
ofl`ko
l`koe e ies`
ies`ss `tràs ` `ukqu
ukquf f sf` our
oure.
e. Vk 09
ckaùvcj fs `jhucfk quf sf capcof `v`kz`r, fstà aufrte. Jes quf fstàk a`j sek uk
 

rejje perquf fs ocgáicj, perquf fstà iekofk`oe ` fvejuicek`r y sc ke je m`if sf

bjequf`.
◅ K¼ 0?
0?,, sf af ej
ejvc
vcoù
où se
sejtjt`r
`r `j
`jhe
he
◅ K¼ 06, fj fflfri
lfricice
cice gás
gáscie,
cie, j` p p`scù
`scùk.
k. @quá f
fss `jhu
`jhucfk
cfk qu
quf
f m` pfro
pfrocoe
coe su p
p`scù
`scùk.
k. Ke fs
j` sfxu`jco`o sej`afktf, fs j` p`scùk quf sc ke sf fxtfrcercz` sf iekvcfrtf fk
pujscùk, fs je quf jj`a`aes jcbcoe.
◅ K¼ 07, fs j` pfr
pfrgfi
gfiicù
icùkk fj fj erhu
erhujje
jje
◅ K¼ 008,
8, se
sekk je
jess `a
`ache
ches,
s, vvey
ey ` ii`s`
`s` of jjes
es `
`ach
aches es
◅ K¼ 0=, jjfyfk
fyfkoeoe uk jjcbre
cbre oof
f psci
psciejeh
ejehá`á` fs su
sugcic
gcicfktf
fktf e yyfko
fkoe e ` psci
pscietfr`
etfr`pc`.
pc`.
◅ K¼ 003,
3, bu
busi`
si`rr su `rae
`raeká`
ká`,, p`z y ``rae
raeká`
ká` o
ofk
fktre
tre o
of
f aá
◅ K¼ 2>, qu
qucfrf
cfrf o oficr
ficr qquf
uf mf sug
sugrcoe
rcoe uuk`
k` hr`
hr`k
k ofsv
ofsv`jer
`jercz`i
cz`icùk
cùk y ofb
ofbe e rfiup
rfiupfr`r
fr`r j`
iekgc`kz` fk ac acsae.
◅ K¼ 20, fsfsfj
fj auk
aukoe,oe, mf pf
pfroco
rocoe
e ac `raeká`
`raeká` ck cktfrce
tfrcer,
r, fs fkie
fkiektr`
ktr`rr acs guko
guko`afk
`afktes
tes
p`r` vejvfr ` fst`r fk `raeká`
◅ K¼ 22, f fss j` guf
gufrz`
rz` fs
fstà
tà fk tu ccktfr
ktfrcer.
cer. M
M`y
`y uk p petfk
etfkic`j
ic`j f
fkera
keraf f pfre j` pfr
pfrsek`
sek` ke
iekgá` fk ãj.
Yc es o`cs iufkt`, iek teoe fste peofaes m`ifr tfr`pc` auime aàs ocrfit` ` j` oc`k`. Fj
tfa` hfkfr`j fs j` pscietfr`pc`, ke tcfkf quf m`bfr uk` fkgfrafo`o iekirft`, scke quf fs
iùae gukiceke, iùae vfe j` vco`… Fs ca capert`ktf
pert`ktf m`ifr fstf tr` tr`b`le
b`le sebrf vesetres
acsaes.
Iu`koe `jhucfk ke sf rfiekeif fk su kuafrejehá` peoãcs i`abc`r fj tfa` sc j` pfrsek`
k`if fktrf j`s 22 m of j` keimf y j`s 2 of j` a`oruh`o`. @ uk oá` sùje jf qufo`k oes mer`s
of su vcbr`icùk. S sc k`if fktrf j`s 02 y j`s oes of j` a`ð`k` pufof quf teaãcs j` tfaàtci`
ofj oá` `ktfrcer. Fst`s pfrsek`s fstàk fktrf j`s oes tfaàtci`s, pfre ke secs vesetres quf
v`cs ` oficocr4 fstuocàcs j`s oes tfaàtci`s y iu`koe je vfàcs s`brãcs iuàj fs j` vufstr`.

^@RFL@Y
W`aes ` m`ifr j`s p`rfl`s fk hfkfr`j, ke seje j`s of a`rcoe y aulfr scke, per flfapje,
tfkhe prebjfa`s of ieaukci`icùk iek uk mcle, iek uk ieap`ðfre of tr`b`le, iek ac
mfra`ke,… p`rfl`s fk hfkfr`j.
_fkfaes v`rc`s pescbcjco`ofs. J` prcafr` fs j` ^^ y pekfaes ieae fk fj iu`ore.

Fs uk` sua` of j`s 2 ^^, i`o` uke tcfkf su pfrsek`jco`o preguko`, j` quf ke vfaes. Fk fj
flfapje, sc fk fst` p`rfl` ke m`y p`z y `raeká` fs quf m`y uk prebjfa`. Fj k¼ 03 tcfkf uk
`spfite a`siujcke y etre gfafkcke, fj a`siujcke fs fj sej, j` `uterco`o y fj j`oe gfafkcke fs
j` p`z y j` `raeká`.
Yc tea`aes fstf i`se ieae flfapje, fj 3 m`if uk tr`b`le pfrsek`j p`r` s`k`r su 3, sc m`y
uk prebjfa` fs quf j` aulfr ke m` fktfkocoe su 0>, fs uk` aulfr a`siujck`. Fj 0>
 

a`siujcke fs j` `uterco`o. ^er je t`kte fjj` tcfkf uk j`oe a`siujcke y m`if fj 0> fk j`
cksfhurco`o.
^`r` rfp`r`r uk` p`rfl` `sá jf pekfaes j`s erfl`s of Acidfy< 22-03 1 94 20 ’ 03 1 2. Fj 2
fs sejt`rsf ` sus cktucicekfs y fj 9 fs rfjjfk`r fj ocsie oure iek iekeicacfktes. Fk fstf i`se
fj prebjfa` fs fstruitur`j perquf fj 0> ke m`if uk tr`b`le pfrsek`j y sf qufo`rà gcl` fk su
cksfhurco`o.
Iek j` kuafrejehá` s`bfaes fk j` p`rfl` iuàj of jes oes ofbf sejt`r prcafre. Iu`koe m`y
uk prebjfa` m`y quf vfr qucfk ofbf sejt`r prcafre y v`aes ` vfr j` fsi`j` of j`s icgr`s
tfkscek`jfs. Wfaes quf fj 3 y fj 0> fstàk auy ifri`kes y pufof sejt`r iu`jqucfr` of jes
oes, `ukquf fk fstf i`se sufjf sejt`r aàs fk 3 perquf fs aàs gfafkcke. M`y quf tr`b`l`r
fk j` sfhurco`o of fjj`. Fj quf ifof fs fj afkes tekte. Fk j` fsi`j` of k¼ fs j` quf fstà per
ofb`le, fj afkes iekgjcitcve.
M`rfaes je acsae ` kcvfj of kuoe faeicek`j< 02 + = 1 2>. Fj 2> fs j` p`rfl` busi`
rfiekeicacfkte. M`y uk` tek`jco`o of ofsv`jercz`icùk fk fst` p`rfl`. _`abcãk tcfkf quf
vfr iek fj acstfrce.
_`abcãk je peofaes m`ifr iek j` büsqufo` of j` `raeká` e iek j` `ifctfr`.
Vk flfapje, ke s`bá` iùae m`bj`r iek ac mcle, quf fs k¼ 6 y ye sey k¼ 7. S 6 + 7 1 00.
Ofsof quf mcif kuafrejehá` sùje jf pekhe j` a`ke fk fj meabre y af iekifktre fk je quf
qucfre quf rficb`, pfre ke jf oche k`o` perquf fst`aes fk fj rfsfktcr, y fste m` i`abc`oe
j` rfj`icùk. Ac mcl` fs 3, 3+71 06, fk kufstr` rfj`icùk m`y p`scùk, ` vfifs af jj`a`b` ? ù 6
vfifs `j oá`.
Etres flfapje< ^^ 1; 8 + 00 1 0=4 kera`jafktf fst` p`rfl` jfs ofbfrá` hust`r m`bj`r of
tfa`s of psciejehá`. Fj 00 fs fj quf kera`jafktf sufjt` `ktfs iu`koe m`y uk iekgjcite. Je
capert`ktf fs s`bfr quã suifof fk fst` p`rfl`, vfr quã fs je quf ke v` bcfk. Yc uk` p`rfl`
ke v` bcfk fs perquf uk` m`if uk tr`b`le pfre j` etr` ke, fktekifs m`y oes pescbcjco`ofs, e
sf `ifpt` fste y m`if su vco` u es sfktàcs ` m`bj`r. Auim`s pfrsek`s sf sfp`r`k perquf
uk` qucfrf fvejuicek`r y j` etr` ke, per je t`kte m`y uk `bcsae fktrf j`s oes.
Fj kuoe faeicek`j< ? + 00 1 06 sfrá` je tápcie, quf jes prebjfa`s sf `rrfhj`k fk j` i`a`. Yc
ke, fs quf m`y uk hr`k prebjfa`.
W`aes ` m`ifrje iek j` büsqufo` of j` `raeká` y j` `ifctfr` (PY).
Flfapje< büsqufo` `raeká` 1; 08 + 00 1 2= 1 0>4 j` `ifctfr` 08 + 09 1 9>/9. Fj
afoci`afkte of fst` p`rfl` fs fj 0>, peoãcs fjfhcr fktrf j` cksfhurco`o e j` iekfxcùk. Fj
j`oe gfafkcke scfaprf fs afler quf fj j`oe a`siujcke y fj afoci`afkte fs afoct`icùk, per
flfapje. S iu`koe sf bjequf`, tcfkf quf cr ` tr`vãs of j` ieaukci`icùk y fj iekeicacfkte.
Flfapje ieapjfte fk uk` p`rfl`<
◅ ^^ 1; 03 + = 1 3
◅ KF 1; 09 + 22 1 =
◅ RM 1; = + 00 1 03
◅ PY 1; 8 + 02 1 03
Fs uk` p`rfl`, sebrf fj p`pfj, auy bufk`. J` ^^ o` 3 qucfrf oficr quf p`r` fst`r bcfk
tfkãcs quf s`jcr `j fxtfrcer. Yc je m`i
m`iãcs
ãcs fk aet
aetee fs ‚sf
‚sfxu`j‑.
xu`j‑. Iu`ko
Iu`koe e ke fstàcs bcfk
v`cs ` o`r uk` vufjt`, acràcs uk p`cs`lf, fk pjfk` iekicfkic`.
KF es o` =, fs fj fqucjcbrce y fj ockfre, sck ejvco`r fj fqucjcbrce hfkfr`j, faeicek`j,
afoct`icùk… j` afoct`icùk ke kfifs`rc`afkt
kfifs`rc`afktf f sfkt`rsf our`ktf uk` mer`,
scapjfafktf p`r`r ukes ackutes y iekfit`r iek uke acsae.
RM, fj afoci`afkte
afoci`afkte o` 03. J` i`s` ofbf sfr tr`kqucj`,
tr`kqucj`, juifs ckocrf
ckocrfit`s,
it`s, ke sf m`bj` gufrtf,
aüsci` su`vf… perquf ofsprfkof p`z y `raeká`.
 

Etre flfapje< ^^ 7 + 3 1 06. Kera`jafktf uk` p`rfl` iek fstes küafres fs uk` p`rfl`
quf ofsprfkof p`scùk. Yc ke gukicek`, m`y uk ckifste scabùjcie. Jes ckifstes scabùjcies `j
prckicpce v`k auy bcfk, ofspuãs tcfkfk jes mcles y ofspuãs i`f fk pci`oe, perquf uk` vfz
jjfk`o` kufstr` gukicùk bcejùhci`, sf `i`b` teoe of uk aeoe prehrfscve.
Iu`koe ke gukicek` fs quf m`y uk prebjfa` perquf m`ifr fj `aer y tfkfr uk erh`sae fs
uk` ofsi`rh` bcejùhci`.
bcejùhci`. Yc sey uk i`z`oer prfmcstùrcie, fstey teoe fj oá` fk tfkscùk,
kfrvcese, ckstcktcv`afktf j` ofsi`rh` pfractf quf `j oá` schucfktf sf` ieapftfktf. M`y quf
fktfkofr j` bcejehá`, ke seje j` sfxu`jco`o, j` gukicùk bcejùhci`-gcscejùhci` of uk erh`sae fs
ofsi`rh`r p`r` fst`r fk gera` `j oá` schucfktf, fs p`r` ocsackucr j` tfkscùk.
Icfrtes mua`kes, ieae sek auy ieapjci`oes fk su i`bfz`, m`y prebjfa`s of
ieaukci`icùk y i`o` vfz aàs, prebjfa`s of ieaukci`icùk ierper`j, pufste quf j`
sfxu`jco`o fs j` p`rtf fafrhfktf ofj cifbfrh quf sf vf of teo` j` ieaukci`icùk of j`
p`rfl`. Iu`koe ofl` of m`bfr ieaukci`icùk ierper`j qucfrf oficr quf m` ofl`oe of m`bfr
ieaukci`icùk fspcrctu`j.
Etre flfapje< ^^ 1; 07 + 0> 1 27/=. Fj = fs fj peofr, fj ockfre, fj fqucjcbrce faeicek`j, uk`
ieaukci`icùk sutcj fktrf `abes, sfhucoe of uk` tek`jco`o of 27, quf fs j` s`juo fti.
Flfapje< ` kcvfj of KF uk meabrf fs =, fjj` fs 7 y sua`k 0?. ^fre fj fs uk = of ockfre y
fjj` fs 99/7, fstà fk etre kcvfj. Yf sfp`r`rek. Iek fstf = j` vco` fr` ofa`sc`oe sfrc`, teoe
fst`b` erh`kcz`oe, prfvcste. Iu`koe jes mcles sf mcicfrek a`yerfs qufrá` quf fjj` tr`b`l`r`
p`r` h`k`r ockfre. ^eie ` peie jes prebjfa`s of ieaukci`icùk vfrb`j sf tr`oulfrek fk
prebjfa`s of ieaukci`icùk hfkct`j y peie ` peie sf jf gufrek j`s h`k`s. @j gck`j fjj` sf guf.
Se kuki` oche je quf m`y quf m`ifr, seje jfe je quf m`y, fs j` p`rfl` quf tea` sus
oficscekfs. Fj prebjfa` fs quf kera`jafktf vcfkf j` aulfr ` j` ieksujt`, e fj meabrf
gfafkcke. Ycfaprf m`y uk ofsfqucjcbrce.
Af hust`rá` tfrack`r iek uk` gr`sf< ‚teoe je quf mfaes mfime af o` chu`j, perquf j`
kuafrejehá` fs seje fs uk afoce of m`bj`r of uke acsae, uk` a`kfr` prfics`, pfre ke fs
uk` vfro`o. Fs uk afoce quf m`bj` fksfhuco` ` j`s pfrsek`s, pfre ke je utcjciãcs ieae uk`
Bcbjc`. Fs uk afoce p`r` fktr`r fk ieaukci`icùk, uk afoce prficse, gufrtf, pfre ke m`hàcs
ieae icfrt`s pfrsek`s quf sf tea`k j` kuafrejehá` ieae uk` vfro`o. Fs uk` prepescicùk,
pfre ke uk` vfro`o. Fs uk afoce p`r` jjfh`r `j iekgjcite‑.