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Measurement Process Capability

(Translation)

Version: 1 / March 2009

© Copyright 2009

Q-DAS GmbH & Co. KG

Eisleber Str. 2
D - 69469 Weinheim

Tel.: ++49/6201/3941-0
Fax: ++49/6201/3941-24
E-Mail: q-das@q-das.de
Internet: http://www.q-das.de

Hotline:
Tel.: ++49/6201/3941-14
Fax: ++49/6201/3941-714
E-Mail: hotline@q-das.de
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Preface 3

Preface
Thank you for your trust in our software. This manual helps you to be-
come acquainted with the principal features of this software quickly.
More information is available in the online help and on our website
http://q-das.com under Download.
We wish you all the best in working with Q-DAS® products.

Note:
Q-DAS® offers product-related training classes. We would be pleased to
send you detailed information about training contents. Up-to-date infor-
mation and upcoming training classes are also available on http://q-
das.com/Seminars/Product_training.htm. Furthermore, we also offer
trainings at your facility. Please contact us and we will make you an indi-
vidual offer. For self-education, we recommend our statistical reference
books.

Rights and Warranty

The Q-DAS® GmbH & Co. KG owns the rights to the technical documen-
tation and to the software programs. At any time, the information in this
document or in the program help can be changed without notification. Q-
DAS GmbH & Co. KG does not enter into an undertaking with this do-
cument.
The legal purchase of the software licenses and the manuals allows for
use of the programs according to the number of licenses. Copies may
only be made for the purpose of data back-ups (working copy). Any per-
son transferring this software to other mediums for the purpose different
than their own use is liable to prosecution.

Limitation of Warranty
The manual is provided without warranty for the correctness of the con-
tents. In spite of great effort to avoid mistakes, we cannot eliminate all
errors. Hence, we appreciate any advice and suggestion if you come
across an error.
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Inhaltsverzeichnis 5

Inhaltsverzeichnis
Preface................................................................................................... 3
Rights and Warranty ............................................................................. 3
Inhaltsverzeichnis ................................................................................. 5
1 Program Start-Up ............................................................................ 7
1.1 Program Surface ..................................................................... 7
1.2 Program Help .......................................................................... 8
2 First Evaluation ............................................................................... 8
2.1 Load File.................................................................................. 8
2.2 Display Chart for Individuals .................................................... 9
2.2.1 Individuals Chart......................................................... 9
2.2.2 Value Plot................................................................... 9
2.2.3 Histogram................................................................... 9
2.3 Graphic Display of Statistical Values ..................................... 10
2.4 Numerical Results.................................................................. 10
2.5 Multiple Characteristics Summary.......................................... 10
2.5.1 Box Plot.................................................................... 11
2.5.2 C-Values .................................................................. 11
2.5.3 Characteristics Statistics .......................................... 11
2.5.4 Reports..................................................................... 11
2.6 More Functions...................................................................... 12
2.6.1 Change Graphic Displays Simultaneously ................ 12
3 Data Recording.............................................................................. 13
3.1 Create New Test Plan............................................................ 13
3.1.1 Specifications ........................................................... 14
3.1.2 Part Mask ................................................................. 16
3.1.3 Characteristics Mask ................................................ 17
3.1.4 Values Mask............................................................. 17
3.2 Save Data.............................................................................. 18
3.3 Evaluate Data after Data Input............................................... 18
3.4 Further Functions................................................................... 18
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4 Configuration................................................................................. 19
4.1 Configure Graphics................................................................ 19
4.2 Adapt Numerical Output Formats........................................... 20
4.3 Adapt Reports........................................................................ 20
4.4 User Login ............................................................................. 20
4.5 Evaluation Strategy................................................................ 21
4.6 Catalogs ................................................................................ 21
5 Special Functionalities.................................................................. 22
5.1 Type 1 – Cg/Cgk.................................................................... 22
5.2 Type 2 – R&R ........................................................................ 22
5.3 Type 3 ................................................................................... 23
5.4 Linearity Study....................................................................... 23
5.5 Stability Study / Measurement Stability.................................. 24
5.6 Measurement Uncertainty Study............................................ 24
6 EasyToUse..................................................................................... 25
6.1 Icon Bar ................................................................................. 25
6.2 Parts Mask............................................................................. 26
6.3 Characteristics Mask and Values Mask ................................. 27
6.3.1 Type 1 ...................................................................... 27
6.3.2 Type 2 ...................................................................... 28
6.3.3 Type 3 ...................................................................... 29
7 Index............................................................................................... 31
Program Start-Up 7

1 Program Start-Up
After the successful installation of the software, you can open the pro-
gram using the link in the Windows start menu. Select Programs – Q-
DAS QM-TOOLS – Q-DAS ME 8 – [Product].
In the registration window, create a user account or choose a user ac-
count. Select a product to start the software and confirm your choice by
clicking on OK. If you only use one product, you do not have to choose a
product to start the software.

After a successful program start-up, the program surface is displayed.

Use the menu bar and the tool bar to load or create data sets.

1.1 Program Surface

The program surface consists of the menu bar
, the tool bars, the
workspace  and the status line  with some basic information.




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1.2 Program Help

Find more information by clicking on the Help menu and Search in the
online help. If you work with a graphic, you can also open the online help
by tapping the function key <F1>.

More information about product documentation is available on our web-

site http://q-das.com/Download/Programdocu.htm.

To become acquainted with the software, we recommend you to study

the practical examples published on the Q-DAS® Inc. website http://q-
das.com/Download/Examples.htm.

2 First Evaluation
To become acquainted with the evaluation methods quickly, try to work
with the provided test data first. Chapter 3.1 Create New Test Plan de-
scribes how to enter values yourself.

2.1 Load File

Load an example by clicking on the following icon or

choose the File menu and select Open. Open
…\Q-DAS\ME_8\CommonFiles\Data\Examples\GER from the in-
stallation directory of the software.
Select one of the provided practical examples (e.g. TEST_03.DFQ). After
opening the file, the test data is evaluated automatically by means of the
predefined evaluation strategy. Then, it is visualized on the program sur-
face.

As an alternative, a database containing corresponding practical exam-

ples is available. Click on the following icon .
First Evaluation 9

2.2 Display Chart for Individuals

The following sections describe how to access further graphics for indi-
viduals.

2.2.1 Individuals Chart

Tap the function key <F2> or click on the Individuals menu and select
Individuals chart.
 temporal behavior of measurement values
 systematic changes.

2.2.2 Value Plot

Tap the function key <F3> or click on the Individuals menu and select
Value plot individuals.
 resolution of the gage
 value frequency distributions
 malfunctions of the measurement system

2.2.3 Histogram

Tap the function key <F4> or click on the Individuals menu and select
Histogram.
 classification
 frequencies / probabilities
 distribution model
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2.3 Graphic Display of Statistical Values

Whereas the last graphics were based on individual values, click on the
Statistical values menu and select Value chart to display graphics based
on statistical values.
Depending on the current study, you can open the

- value chart of averages

- value chart of deviations
- value chart of variations.

2.4 Numerical Results

To display numerical results, click on the menu item Numerics. Particu-
larly, the displayed lists under Numeric – Evaluation results and under
Numeric – Form sheets – Form 3 contain the statistical standard results
and the capability indices.

Select
Numeric – Individuals - All or
Numeric – Individuals - Values
to display the raw values.

2.5 Multiple Characteristics Summary

Load the TEST_ALL.DFQ file as described in chapter 2.1 Load File. A
summary including all loaded parts and characteristics is displayed. Here
you can deactivate parts and characteristics to accelerate your next
evaluation. Change the status of a characteristic by double-clicking on
the respective characteristic. Characteristics can be activated or deacti-
vated. By default deactivated characteristics are displayed in red. For
now, keep the status of the characteristics as it is and click on OK.

Use the buttons to switch back and forth between the

characteristics graphics described in chapter 2.2 Display Chart for Indi-
viduals or 2.5 Numerical Results or to switch to the beginning or the
end of the characteristics list. The following summary graphics help you
to get an overview of all characteristics.
First Evaluation 11

2.5.1 Box Plot

Click on the Summary menu and select Box plot.

There are comparative graphic displays for statistical values such as
 average value
 median
 process variation (99.73% or +/-3s)
 maximum value
 minimum value
 number of measurement values.

2.5.2 C-Values

Choose the Summary menu and select C-Values or

click on the Summary menu and select C-Values positional tolerance.
Here, you can display capability indices comparatively. The potential ca-
pability index (Cm, Cp, Pp ...) and the output capability index (Cmk, Cpk, Ppk
...) are displayed in bar charts next to each other.

2.5.3 Characteristics Statistics

Select the Summary menu and choose the Characteristics statistics

menu item to get a summary table including all evaluated characteristics.
Summary tables are predefined and can be configured.

2.5.4 Reports

To select and print reports, click on the following icon or on the File
menu and select Print reports.
You can display reports in a new window in the program surface by se-
lecting File – Report.
If you proceed as described above, all reports that are currently available
can be selected. Examine the provided reports as an example. Using the
optional Form Designer, you can change or create new reports at any
time.
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2.6 More Functions

The following sections illustrate some more software functions.

2.6.1 Change Graphic Displays Simultaneously

You can transfer switches of characteristics or configurations of the

graphics to multiple windows at the same time.
Range
Current Window
All Windows

Configurations / switches of characteristics apply to

• the current window
• the range (only to the windows of the active type such as the value
chart)
• all windows (or characteristics).
Data Recording 13

3 Data Recording
Edit and extend test plans by using the data recording mask (part mask,
characteristic mask and value mask). Use the corresponding icons
or the Edit menu to switch to the desired entry mask. If you cre-
ate a new test plan, the corresponding part mask and characteristic
mask open automatically.

3.1 Create New Test Plan

To enter data yourself, proceed as follows.
Click on this icon or on the File menu and select File new.
The Create new characteristic dialog box opens. Define how many char-
acteristics of the respective characteristic type you want to create for the
new test plan. Click on the respective Specification button to save single
characteristics information valid for all characteristics as standard infor-
mation.

Close the window by clicking on OK and the parts and characteristics

masks open.
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Click on the Specification button to adjust the presetting depending on

the selected procedure. Select the Components button to define the re-
quired influence components for uncertainty or surface studies.

3.1.1 Specifications
Study / Procedure Specifications

For all

Type 1

Type 2
Data Recording 15

Study / Procedure Specifications

Type 3

Stability

Linearity

Attribute

Positional Toler-
ance
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Study / Procedure Selection of Components

Measurement Un-
certainty Studies

If you select the type 1 and 2 study or the type 3

study, the specifications of the corresponding study
are used.

Surface Studies

3.1.2 Part Mask

Click on the on the following icon to open the part mask.
In the part mask, enter information relevant to the identification of the test
plan or part, such as the part serial number and the part description. Fur-
ther information can be entered and is possibly relevant to the identifica-
tion, but it is not required at first.
Data Recording 17

3.1.3 Characteristics Mask

Click on the following icon to open the characteristic mask.
Enter information about a characteristic in the characteristic mask, such
as the description, the nominal value and the specification limits. Further
information is not required at first.

Append more characteristics for a part by clicking on the following icon

to open the parts and characteristics list.
In the parts and characteristics list, click on the desired part once and
then right-click on it. A context menu opens. Select the Append new cha-
racteristic menu item. If you click on a characteristic instead of a part,
you can insert and delete characteristics or create subordinate character-
istics.

3.1.4 Values Mask

Click on the following icon to open the value mask.
You can display only the values of a single characteristic in the value
mask or you can display all characteristics next to each other. Select
your desired display in the value mask in the Display option value mask
window. Under Display the characteristics click on the Special button
and then on the Value mask display icon .
A minimum number of measurement values and samples is required for
certain evaluations. If there are fewer values than required, the evalua-
tion is not displayed.
To enter additional data, it is required to access the corresponding, exist-
ing catalog definition. You can take additional data from the definition.
Configure additional data by using the Display context menu and select
Additional data. Then they can be displayed.
The software uses the catalog of the active database as standard. To
access the catalog contents of the additional data fields, double-click on
the respective additional data field in the value mask or tap the space
bar.
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3.2 Save Data

There are two major ways to save data. Click on
File – Save / Save as to store data in a file or
File – Saving to database to store data in the database.
If you want to store large amounts of data in the database, use the Data-
base Upload.
Please note that the trial version is restricted. The trial version cannot
save data.

3.3 Evaluate Data after Data Input

If you change data, the data has to be evaluated again. If not, the
changes are not saved.
Click on the Execute evaluation button to evaluate the data.
The standard evaluation is described in chapter 2 First Evaluation.

3.4 Further Functions

Find out more about further functions in the online help.
 linear transformation (input simplification)
 additional data
 input sequence
 connect characteristics
online data recording
Configuration 19

4 Configuration
Although the configuration is not part of the basics, this chapter gives a
short overview of possible customer-specific settings.

4.1 Configure Graphics

You can find the graphic configuration functions in the tool bar. Only the
buttons that can be used in connection with the selected graphic are ac-
tive.

These buttons change

 the font
 the colors
 the language
 lines, symbols, the 3-dimensional display
 the grid, grid lines
 the rotational direction of graphics.

These buttons offer

 limit values, statistical values
 a value axis
 an additional data axis
 quantiles
 special graphic-related functions such as
o moving averages
o separating value charts
o information values
o displaying histograms
o confidence region probability degree.

A right-click on the respective window opens a dialog box displaying all

the configuration possibilities clearly arranged.
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4.2 Adapt Numerical Output Formats

The output points in the tables and lists under Numeric and Summary
can be customized. Use the Special button to switch the edit mode
for the graphic on . A right-click on the respective area of the
graphic opens a dialog box to adapt the output. The exact procedure and
the available configuration possibilities are dependent on the graphic.

4.3 Adapt Reports

To modify reports, a more profound configuration knowledge or the op-
tional Form Designer is required. Anyway, the reports can be adapted to
a certain extent using the program surface.

One of the most important functions is the modification of the printed

logo in the reports. To adapt the logo to your corporate logo, select Op-
tions – Configurations – Paths. A dialog box opens. Click on the Change
logo button.

The information about the operator, department, cost center and so on is

transferred from the user login (see chapter 4.4 User Login).

4.4 User Login

To configure the access to the software and to several function groups,
select Options – System settings – Users.
You can grant access permissions to certain user groups and you can
enable password protection. If you enable password protection, you
need a password to log in to your account.
Configuration 21

4.5 Evaluation Strategy.

The evaluation strategy is very important for the results. The software
includes several customized and general evaluation strategies. To
choose an evaluation strategy, select the Options menu item and click on
Configuration of evaluation.

In the default settings, an exemplary Q-DAS strategy is preset. Use the

flow chart to trace the evaluation process. A click on an element of the
flow chart opens a dialog box for further settings.

You can select one of the predefined strategies but you can also define
and adjust new, individual strategies. To adjust the evaluations to your
requirements, select the Options menu item and click on Configuration of
evaluation. Click on the Change button. Enter “SUPERUSER” in the Us-
er name and Password input field (if you have not changed your pass-
word yet).
Note: You cannot change the evaluation strategies preset in the default
settings and it is not possible to save a new strategy under the same
name.

After defining an own evaluation strategy, confirm the strategy by clicking

on the Save button. Click on OK to exit the evaluation configuration.

Note: The configuration of reports, masks, evaluation strate-

gies and so on should be available to all workstations in
your company. Then, back them up.

4.6 Catalogs
To enter additional data, it is required to access the corresponding, exist-
ing catalog definition. You can take additional data from the definition.
Configure additional data by using the Display context menu and select
Additional data. Then they can be displayed.
The software uses the catalog of the active database as standard. Click
on the Options menu and select System Settings – Catalogs to access
catalog records from catalog files (e.g. catalag.dfd). Activate the Catalog
data from file option and you can access catalog data from files instead
of from the database. When you have selected this option, use the Se-
lect file button to choose the respective catalog file. Confirm your choice
by clicking on OK.
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5 Special Functionalities
The Q-DAS ® product solara provides all procedures and methods re-
quired for process capability studies. When recording data, you enter the
procedure you currently use. Adapt the entry mask to the respective pro-
cedure. The evaluation will structure and evaluate your data depending
on your information. The program supports the type 1, 2 and 3 proce-
dures, the linearity and the stability study, but also some country-specific
and customized procedures that are not specified in this manual. Find
some test examples in the subdirectory
\CommonFiles\Data\Examples\GER\GC\.

Note: The trail version in this module can only evaluate example files.

Define the respective calculation method of the single procedures by

clicking on the Options menu and select Configuration of evaluation

5.1 Type 1 – Cg/Cgk

The type 1 procedure tests the resolution, the Bias (offset, “accuracy“)
and the repeatability. Therefore, it uses the capability indices Cg and Cgk
and checks a standard repeatedly. Make sure to enter the gage resolu-
tion, the standard actual value and the reference (in general the toler-
ance).

Note: Find example datasets in the installation directory under

...Q-DAS\ME_x\CommonFiles\Data\Examples\GER\GC\

5.2 Type 2 – R&R

The type 2 procedure tests the repeatability, reproducibility and the total
variation R&R in practice. Multiple parts are tested by several operators
repeatedly (e.g. 10 parts are tested by 2 operators twice). Make sure to
enter the gage resolution and the reference (in general the tolerance).
There are several very different calculation methods (e.g. ARM and
ANOVA). Find comparisons under
Statistical values – Value chart – Deviations (related to the operator)
Statistical values – Value chart – Variations (related to the parts).

Note: Find example datasets in the installation directory under

...Q-DAS\ME_x\CommonFiles\Data\Examples\GER\GC\
Special Functionalities 23

5.3 Type 3
The type 3 procedure is a modification of the type 2 procedure and con-
cerns measurement systems that are independent of operators.

Note: Find example datasets in the installation directory under

...Q-DAS\ME_x\CommonFiles\Data\Examples\GER\GC\

5.4 Linearity Study

The linearity study tests the Bias over the measuring range. Like in the
type 1 procedure, multiple standards are checked several times.

Note: Find example datasets in the installation directory under

...Q-DAS\ME_x\CommonFiles\Data\Examples\GER\GC\
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5.5 Stability Study / Measurement Stability

The stability study tests the measurement stability of your measurement
system by means of a quality control chart.

Note: Find example datasets in the installation directory under

...Q-DAS\ME_x\CommonFiles\Data\Examples\GER\GC\

5.6 Measurement Uncertainty Study

The measurement uncertainty study summarizes the variance compo-
nents of the studies named above and it adds further variance values
that you have defined. Now, you can calculate the uncertainty budgets of
your gage and measuring process according to GUM and VDA 5.

Click on the Extras menu and select Measurement uncertainty model to

create new studies according to GUM or to open and edit existing stud-
ies. Find more information about the studies on http://q-das.com under
Download. An example describing how to create an own study is avail-
able there.

Note: Find example datasets concerning the measurement uncer-

tainty according to VDA 5 in the installation directory under
...Q-DAS\ME_x\CommonFiles\Data\Examples\GER\GC\
in the subdirectory MU\VDA_5\.
EasyToUse 25

6 EasyToUse
In addition to the links offered under Programs – Q-DAS QM-TOOLS –
Q-DAS ME x – [Product], you can also select the link [Product name] –
Easy2use.
Use this link to start the respective software
product as the user “easy2use” with a specially
configured icon bar. This version provides a data
entry mask that was reduced to a minimum field
number.

6.1 Icon Bar

Test planning buttons
Click on the Part new button to create a new part.
The corresponding part mask opens. Enter the avail-
able part (product) information.
Use the Characteristic new button to create the re-
quired characteristics. The corresponding character-
istic mask for the recording of characteristic-specific
information is displayed automatically. Each click on
the Characteristic new button appends one further
characteristic to the test plan. If you want to transfer
data online via RS232 interface, select the connected
gage in the Recording type field.
Click on Save to file the new test plan in a predefined
directory. Use the Change button to open part / char-
acteristic masks again. There you can change the
header data subsequently or add further information
etc.
Click on Close to close the new test plan. If you have
not saved it yet, you are prompted to save before
closing.

Measurement buttons
Click on Record to open existing test plans or to re-
cord measurement values.

Results buttons
Use the Result button to open the Parts selection dia-
log box displaying a list of your test plans. Select a
test plan and click on OK to close the dialog box.
26 1x1 solara

Now, the respective test plan is loaded and evaluated. Click on Statistic,
Summary, C values or Box plot to open the evaluation results and to dis-
play them using the selected graphics. To display and print reports c sta-
tistical values and graphics, click on the Print report button.

6.2 Parts Mask

The parts mask is reduced to a minimum number of fields. Only the most
important fields are displayed.
EasyToUse 27

6.3 Characteristics Mask and Values Mask

The displayed fields in the parts / values mask are adapted to the proce-
dure-specific input fields depending on the selected procedure.

6.3.1 Type 1
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6.3.2 Type 2
EasyToUse 29

6.3.3 Type 3
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Index 31

7 Index

A G
additional data · 18, 21 Gage · 9

B H

Box Plot · 11 Histogram · 9

C I

Catalogs · 21 Individuals · 10
Cg · 22 Individuals Chart · 9
Cgk · 22
Characteristics Mask · 27 L
Characteristics Mask · 17
Characteristics Statistics · 11 limit values · 19
Cm · 11 linear transformation · 18
Cmk · 11 Linearity study · 23
confidence region · 19
Configuration · 19 M
Configurations · 12
Cp · 11 maximum value · 11
Cpk · 11 Measurement Uncertainty Study ·
C-Values · 11 24
median · 11
D
N
data recording · 18
Data Recording · 13 Numeric · 10
Database · 18
default specifications · 14 O

E online data recording · 18

EasyToUse · 25 P
Evaluation · 18
Evaluation · 8 Part Mask · 16
Evaluation Strategy · 21 Parts Mask · 26
Execute evaluation · 18 positional tolerance · 11
Pp · 11
Ppk · 11
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process variation · 11 T
Program Surface · 7
Type 1 study · 22
Q Type 2 study · 22
Type 3 study · 23
quantiles · 19
U
R
Users · 20
range · 12
Reports · 11 V

S Value plot individuals · 9

Values Mask · 27
Selactions of Components · 16 Values Mask · 17
stability study · 24
statistical values · 19 W
Statistical values · 10
workspace · 7