NV@FYF SBSVJG^ IF JG VDLPF^[LIGI OG^LGDB AGJPFU IF AVGYFOGJG

@GKVJYGI IF KLFDKLG[ EV^LILKG[ \ [BKLGJF[

ILPB^KLB SB^ OVYVB KBD[FDYLOLFDYB

Ogygjld Oykmfjj Ofildg Sldfig

Db. Kgrdft5 3637-79-70<76

SG^YF GKYB^G 
MFJFD PLBJFYG KMÃPFU ^BEG[
EGL^BD ^BNF^YB BJLPG NG^^LFDYB[

G[F[B^G5 Ajgiys Fstfjg Agtlkg [grgvlg

 

LDILKF

If`ldlklûd if ogtrlobdlb sfaõd fj kûilab klvlj, ibktrldg………………………………….

….7
Fjfofdtbs ifj ogtrlobdlb, Kgrgktfrïstlkgs ifj ogtrlobdlb, Kjgsfs if ogtrlobdlb
  y Ilvbrklb sfaõd fj kûilab

klvlj………………………………………………………………...>
Ibktrldg y Mlstbrlg ifj
Ilvbrklb………………………………………………………
Ilvbrklb………………………………………………………………...;
………...;
Brlafd y
if`ldlklûd…………………………………………………
if`ldlklûd……………………………………………………………………………
…………………………….9
….9
Fjfofdtbs ifj ilvbrklb y kgrgktfrïstlkgs ifj ilvbrklb y sus f`fktbs…………………..
…….6
@ldgjligi
@ldgjligi ifj ilvbrklb
ilvbrklb y sus gdtfkf
gdtfkfifdtfs
ifdtfs mlstû
mlstûrlkbs…
rlkbs……………
……………………
……………………
…………....
....
…...0
Fvbjuklûd ifj ilvbrklb fd Augtfogjg……………………………………………………1,= y

<
 Gspfktbs lopbrtgdtfs sbnrf fj ilvbrklb y ilvbrklb pbr outub gkufrib if jbs
Kûdyua
Kûdyuafs
fs sfa
sfaõd
õd fj kûi
kûilab
lab klv
klvlj…
lj…………
………………
………………
………………
………….
…...…
..…….…
….………
………….
……...
..
….73
Ifsgrrbjjb ifj prbkfsb y eudtg kbdkljlgtbrlg y
kbdvfdlb…………………………………….77
Agrgdtïg, Gprbngklûd ifj kbdvfdlb, sfdtfdklg y rfkbdkljlgklûd................................……
7>
Ldskrlpklûd fd fj rfalstrb y Fj prbkfsb sf `udig fd jbs slaulfdtfs grtïkujbs………………
7;

Kltg if jfyfs……………………………
jfyfs…………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………
…………………………79
79
Fsqufog
7……………………………………………………………………………………...76
Fsqufog
>……………………………………………………………………………………...70
Kbdkjuslbdfs.……………………………………………………
Kbdkjuslbdfs.…………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………..71
..71
Nlnjlbarg`ïg………………………………………………
Nlnjlbarg`ïg…………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………...7=
…………...7=
 

LDY^BIVKKLBD5

Fd jg gktugjligi jg ilsbjuklûd if ud ogtrlobdlb sf pufif igr if ibs `brogs pbr outub

kbdsfdtlolfdtb y pbr ud prbkfsb brildgrlb, jg `udklûd fs ilsbjvfr fj vïdkujb ogtrlobdlgj
quf
quf udf g jb
jbss kû
kûdyu
dyuafs
afs.. Fd fst
fstf
f fs
fstu
tuil
ilb
b sf mgkf udg nrf
nrfvf
vf rfjg
rfjgkl
klûd
ûd sbnr
sbnrf
f fj
ogtrlobdlb y su dgturgjfzg eurïilkg yg quf sl fs dfkfsgrlb ofdklbdgrjb pbrquf sld fstg
`laurg db fx
fxlstlrïg
lstlrïg f
fjj ilvbrklb.
Kugdib sf mgnjg if ilvbrklb pbr outub kbdsfdtlolfdtb sf ifnf iftfroldgr pbr jbs
kûdyuafs,klfr
kûdyuafs,klfrtbs
tbs gspfk
gspfktbs
tbs lopbr
lopbrtgdtfs
tgdtfs pg
pgrg
rg quf sf jjfvf g kgnb kb
kbob
ob jg augrig y
kustbilg, gjlofdtgklûd if jbs mlebs sl jbs munlfrg ifdtrb ifj vïdkujb ogtrlobdlgj y gsï
pbifr ifegr prbtfalibs g jbs mlebs olfdtrgs jjfagd g jg ogybrïg if figi. G trgvìs if
fstg ldvfstlagklûd sf obstrgrg su if`ldlklûd ifj ogtrlobdlb y fj ilvbrklb yg quf fs
dfkfsgrlb mgkfr ofdklûd ifj ogtrlobdlb pbr jg rfjgklûd quf fxlstf kbd jg `laurg ifj
ilvbrklb, tgonlìd sf igrç udg nrfvf ofdklûd sbnrf su mlstbrlg y kbob jb rfkbdbkf fj
fstgib if Augtfogjg.
Fd Augtfogjg fxlstf
fxlstf udg jfalsjgk
jfalsjgklûd
lûd quf rfkbdbk
rfkbdbkf
f fj ogtrlo
ogtrlobdlb
bdlb y fj ilvbrklb y ig jbs
jldfgolfdtbs jfagjfs pgrg pbifr jfvgrsf g kgnb ifdtrb ifj tfrrltbrlb augtfogjtfkb, gsl
kbob kugdib sfg sbjlkltgib pbr ud fxtrgdefrb.
 

Sçaldg 7

F[YVILB EV^ÊILKB- IBKY^LDG^LB

ILPB^KLB SB^ OVYVB KBD[FDYLOLFDYB

IF@LDLKLÛD IF OGY^LOBDLB [FAÕD FJ KÛILAB KLPLJ

FJ OGY^LOBDLB5 Fs udg ldstltuklûd sbklgj pbr jg quf ud mbonrf y udg ouefr sf udfd
jfagjofdtf, kbd çdlob if pfrogdfdklg y kbd fj `ld if vlvlr eudtbs, prbkrfgr, gjlofdtgr y
fiukgr g sus mlebs y guxljlgrsf fdtrf sï. [f `udig fd jg laugjigi if ifrfkmbs y
bnjlagklbdfs if gonbs kûdyuafs, y fd su kfjfnrgklûd ifnfd kuopjlrsf tbibs jbs
rfqulsltbs y jjfdgrsf jgs `brogjligifs quf fxlaf Fj Kûilab Klvlj.

IBKY^LDG7
Ogtrlobdlb5 (ifj jgtïd5 ogtrlobdluo) fs udg ldstltuklûd sbklgj quf krfg ud vïdkujb
kbdyuagj fdtrf sus olfonrbs‟. Fstf jgzb fs rfkbdbklib sbklgjof
sbklgjofdtf,
dtf, yg sfg pbr o
ofilb
filb
if ilspbslklbdfs eurïilkgs b pbr jg vïg if jbs usbs y kbstuonrfs. Fj ogtrlobdlb
fstgnjfkf
fstgnjfkf fdtrf jbs kûdyua
kûdyuafs
fs (y fd oukmbs kgsbs tgonlìd
tgonlìd fdtrf jgs `goljl
`goljlgs
gs if brlafd
if ìstbs), udg sfrlf if bnjlagklbdfs y ifrfkmbs quf tgonlìd sbd `legibs pbr fj ifrfkmb,
quf vgrïgd, ifpfdilfdib if kgig sbklfigi. If laugj ogdfrg, jg udlûd ogtrlobdlgj
pfroltf jfaltlogr jg `ljlgklûd if jbs mlebs prbkrfgibs b gibptgibs if sus olfonrbs,

7


if jg  KÛILAB KLPLJ IFK^FYB-JF\ DVOF^B 730  FD^LWVF SF^GJYG GUV^ILG, Ef`f ifj Abnlfrdb
^fpõnjlkg.
>. F[YVILB EV^ÏILKB IBKY^LDG^LB IF ILPB^KLB PBJVDYG^LB   Gj`bdsb Nrg÷gs, Ogdugj if
Ifrfkmb Klvlj Jlnrbs L, LL, LLL, Filtbrlgj Fstuilgdtlj @ìdlx, filklûd gktugjlzgig, pças. 7>;, 7>9.
 

sfaõd jgs rfajgs ifj slstfog if pgrfdtfskb vlafdtf. Sbr sfr udg ldstltuklûd suogofdtf
fxtfdilig fd fj oudib, jg if`ldlklûd ifj ogtrlobdlb fs ogtfrlg if ilvfrsgs ilsklpjldgs.
Ifsif fj pudtb if vlstg ifj ifrfkmb bkklifdtgj, fj ogtrlobdlb kbdstltuyf udg udlûd if
ibs pfrsbdgs quf tlfdf pbr `ldgjligi kbdstltulr udg `goljlg. Fs udg ldstltuklûd quf
pfroltf jfaltlogr jg ifskfdifdklg if udg ouefr y krfg rfjgklbdfs if gjlgdzg fdtrf jbs
arupbs if pgrfdtfskb if jbs kugjfs prbvlfdfd sus olfonrbs. ‚Fj ogtrlobdlb pufif sfr 

klvlj b rfjlalbsb y, ifpfdilfdib if jg rfjlalûd b ifj brifdgolfdtb eurïilkb, jbs ifrfkmbs,

ifnfrfs y rfqulsltbs ifj ogtrlobdlb sbd ilstldtbs. Gmbrg nlfd, db tbigs jgs sbklfigifs
fstgnjfkfd jg ilstldklûd fdtrf ogtrlobdlb klvlj y ogtrlobdlb rfjlalbsb. Fstg ilstldklûd
sûjb pufif fxlstlr fd gqufjjbs
gqufjjbs kbdtfxtbs ibdif fj Fstgi
Fstgib
b mg gtrgïib fj rfkbdbk
rfkbdbklolfdt
lolfdtb
b
ifj ogtrlobdlb kbob udg if sus gtrlnuklbdfs. Gjaudbs Fstgibs quf mgd gibptgib fj
ogtrlobdlb klvlj db rfkbdbkfd jgs udlbdfs kbdyuagjfs rfgjlzgigs ngeb jgs dbrogs
rfjla
rfjlalb
lbsg
sgs,
s, btrbs
btrbs jg
jgss rf
rfkbd
kbdbk
bkfd
fd kb
kbob
ob bpklû
bpklûd
d kb
kbd
d vg
vgjljlif
ifzz eu
eurï
rïil
ilkg
kg fq
fqul
ulvg
vgjf
jfdt
dtf
f gj
ogtrlobdlb klvlj. Fd
Sçaldg >
Kbdtrgpgrtf,
Kbdtrgpgrtf, jgs rfjlalbdfs db sufjfd rfkbdbk
rfkbdbkfr
fr fj ogtrl
ogtrlobdlb
obdlb klvlj kbob udg `brog if

udlûd kbdyuagj gkbrif kbd sus prfkfptbs‟.

FJFOFDYB[ IFJ OGY^LOBDLB5 

Fjfofdtbs [uneftlvbs5 Ldtfrvlfdfd tbigs jgs pfrsbdgs quf sf fdkufdtrgd fd jg
krfgklûd if jg rfjgklûd, quf dfkfsgrlgofdtf ifnfd sfr ud mbonrf y udg ouefr,
quf db pbsfgd lopfilofdtb jfagj pgrg jjfvgrjg g kgnb y quf tfdagd jg figi
sf÷gjgig pbr jg jfy pgrg tgj f`fktb.
Fjfofdtbs
Fjfofdtbs Yfbjûalkbs
Yfbjûalkbs55 [f fdkufdtrgd
fdkufdtrgd jgs `ldgjligifs
`ldgjligifs quf pfrslaufd iurgdtf jg
fxlstfdklg if fstf vïdkujb, slfdib jgs prldklpgjfs5 Gdlob if Sfrogdfdklg, Plvlr 
Eudtbs, Srbkrfgr Mlebs, Gjlofdtgr, Fiukgr y Guxljlgrsf fdtrf sï.

Fjfofdtbs @brogjfs5 [bd tbibs jbs fjfofdtbs quf sf fdkufdtrgd fstgnjfklibs

fd jg jfy y quf sf ifnfd kuopjlr pgrg jg rfgjlzgklûd ifj gktb.

KG^GKYF^L[YLKG[ IFJ OGY^LOBDLB5 

Jg Vdlûd `ïslkg
Jg kboudligi if vlig
@udigklûd if jg `goljlg
Ldstltuklûd ifj brifd põnjlkb
Fs mftfrbsfxugj
Vdligi

KJG[F[ IF OGY^LOBDLB5 
 

Ogtr
Ogtrlo
lobd
bdlb
lb ^f
^fjljlal
albs
bsb5
b5 Fs fj gu
gutb
tbrl
rlzg
zgib
ib pb
pbrr ol
oldl
dlst
strb
rb rf
rfjljlal
albsb
bsb,, sg
sgkfr
kfribt
ibtf
f
fkjfslçstlkb y tlfdf kbob dbtg `udigofdtgj jg sgkrg ofdtgjligi.
Ogtrlobdlb Klvlj5 Kfjfnrgib gdtf gutbrligi `gkujtgtlvg y jjfdgib jgs `brogjligifs
quf jg jfy sf÷gjg pgrg tgj f`fktb.

ILPB^KLB [FAÕD FJ KBILAB KLPLJ5

FJ ogtrlobdlb sf obil`lkg pbr jg sfpgrgklûd y sf ilsufjvf pbr fj ilvbrklb fstf pbirçd

ifkjgrgrsf5 7. Sbr outub gkufrib if jbs kûdyuafs8 y >. Sbr vbjudtgi if udb if fjjbs
ofilgdtf kgusg iftfroldgig. Jg sfpgrgklûd b ilvbrklb pbr outub gkufrib if jbs
kûdyuafs, db pbirç pfilrsf sldb ifspuìs if ud g÷b, kbdtgib ifsif jg `fkmg fd quf sf
kfjfnrû fj ogtrlobdlb.
>

Sçaldg ;

IBKY^LDG5

ML[YB^LG FJ ILPB^KLB5 
Fs laugjofdtf gdtlaub kbob fj ogtrlobdlb, gongs ldstltuklbdfs sf rfobdtgd g jg ìpbkg
if jgs sbklfigifs quf sf bragdlzgd y krfgd fj ofilb eurïilkb liûdfb pgrg jfagjlzgr jg
`brogklûd if jg `goljlg, fstg ldstltuklûd (fj ilvbrklb), mg gsuolib il`frfdtfs `brogs y mg
prbiuklib f`fktbs ilvfrsbs ifpfdilfdib if kgig kujturg, pfrb slfoprf mg fstgib
prfsfdtf fd tbibs jbs brifdgolfdtbs eurïilkbs. Fd jgs mlstbrlgs oçs gdtlaugs if jbs
pufnjbss sf fdkufdt
pufnjb fdkufdtrgd
rgd tfstlobd
tfstlobdlbs
lbs quf mgnjgd if gjaudg ogdfrg ifj ilvbrk
ilvbrklb,
lb, fstf sf
pfroltlû slfoprf kbob ud ifrfkmb fxkjuslvb ifj vgrûd pgrg rfpuilgr g su ouefr pbr 
kgusgs ilvfrsgs kbob sbd5 fj giujtfrlb, jg fstfrljligi, jg tbrpfzg ftk., y bkgslbdgjofdtf
kbob ifrfkmb if jg ouefr pfrb õdlkgofdtf gj sfr ogjtrgtgig pbr su ogrlib. Fj rfpuilb

`uf jg `brog oçs usugj if rbopfr kbd fj ogtrlobdlb, fd kujturgs kbob jg Gdtlaug
Ngnljbdlg, Kmldg, jg Ldilg, Lsrgfj, Falptb, ftk., y kbdslstïg fd jg ogdl`fstgklûd fxprfsg
if jg vbjudtgi ifj ogrlib g trgvìs if ud ibkuofdtb fskrltb quf ifnïg kbdtfdfr5 jg
`fkmg, fj juagr, dbonrfs if jgs pfrsbdgs ldvbjukrgigs y jbs gdtfkfifdtfs ifj kgsb. Fd
fj Gdtlaub Yfstgofdtb, fxlstf ud pgsgef fd fj Jlnrb if Ifutfrbdbolb, pbr fj kugj sf
pfroltïg gj ogrlib fdtrfagr g su kbdsbrtf fd jlnfjbs if rfpuilb pgrg ifspgkmgrjg if jg
kgsg8 pgsgef quf tfxtugjofdtf ilkf5 ‚Kugdib udb tbogrf ouefr y sf kgsgrf kbd fjjg, sl
db jf gargigrf pbr mgnfr mgjjgib fd fjjg gjaudg kbsg tbrpf, jf fskrlnlrç kgrtg if rfpuilb
y sf jg fdtrfagrg fd su ogdb y jg ifspfilrç if su kgsg‟. If jg jfkturg ifj vfrsïkujb
gdtfrlbr, sf kbdkjuyf quf db frg dfkfsgrlg udg kgusgj iftfroldgig pgrg ldvbkgr fj
>

 F[YVILB
Klvlj Jlnrbs EV^ÏILKB IBKY^LDG^LB
L, LL, LLL, Filtbrlgj Fstuilgdtlj IF ILPB^KLB
@ìdlx, PBJVDYG^LB
fil klûd gktugjlzgig,
filklûd  Gj`bdsb
 
pças. Nrg÷gs, Ogdugj if Ifrfkmb
7>;, 7>9.

Gj`bdsb Nrg÷gs, Bn. Klt.,  pças. 7== g 7=<.

 

ilvbrklb, ngstgng quf gj ogrlib jf pgrfklfrg gjab ifsgargignjf b tbrpf if su ouefr 

pgrg
pgrg gj
gjfe
fegrj
grjg
g if sï
sï.. Kb
Kbd
d fj gi
givf
vfdl
dlol
olfdt
fdtb
b if
ifjj 7= Du
Dufvb
fvb Yf
Yfst
stgo
gofd
fdtb
tb,, sf pr
prbm
bmln
lnlû
lû
kjgrgofdtf tbig `brog if ilvbrklb, prbmlnlklûd kgrgktfrlzgig pbr jg ldilsbjunljligi ifj
ogtrlobdlb y kbdsgargig fd fj Ifrfkmb Kgdûdlkb quf ilkf5 ‚fj ogtrlobdlb vçjlib, rgtlb
y kbdsuogib db pufif sfr ilsufjtb pbr dldaudg pbtfstgi muogdg, dl pbr dldaudg
kgusg, `ufrg if jg oufrtf‟. [urafd fdtbdkfs pbjìolkgs fd kugdtb g quf db sf jf pbiïg

igr udg vfrigifrg ldtfrprftgklûd g fstbs tfxtbs sgargibs gkfrkg if jb quf ifnïg
fdtfdifrsf pbr ilvbrklb y sl fstf frg pfroltlib pbr fj suprfob krfgibr. @uf mgstg fd fj
slajb ]LL quf jg lajfslg pusb tìroldb gj ifngtf quf fd su sfdb brlaldgrbd jbs ibs tfxtbs
trgdskrltbs,
trgdskrltbs, ofilgd
ofilgdtf
tf udg ldtfr
ldtfrprftgkl
prftgklûd
ûd sfaõd jg kugj, fd kgsb if giujtfrlb, fj ogrlib
tlfdf ifrfkmb g db vlvlr kbd su ouefr, pfrb dl gud fdtbdkfs qufig ilsufjtb fj vïdkujb
ogtrlobdlgj8 sf fstgnjfklû pbr jg lajfslg quf sl

Sçaldg 9
nlfd jg udligi fs udg prbplfigi fsfdklgj ifj kbdsbrklb, fs pfr`fktgofdtf quf fstg
sunslstg sld gqufjjg. Kbd ldifpfdifdklg ifj ibaog rfjlalbsb sf giukfd grauofdtbs

obrgjfs fd kbdtrg ifj ilvbrklb fd fj sfdtlib if quf fj olsob lopjlkg udg sbjuklûd
kbdtrgrlg g jbs prldklplbs obrgjfs quf ifnfd rfalr jg kbdstltuklûd if jg `goljlg, jg kugj fs
jg fstgnljligi y jg pfrogdfdklg if jg olsog ngsgig fd udg kboudligi fsplrltugj if jbs
kûdyuafs. Fj ilvbrklb `bofdtg jg ifsldtfargklûd if jg `goljlg, pufs jbs quf sf kgsgd
sgnfd if gdtfogdb, quf sl jg udlûd quf ldlklgd db ig jbs rfsujtgibs ifsfgibs, pufifd
igrjg pbr tfroldgig ofilgdtf fj ilvbrklb.

B^LAFD IF@LDLKLÛD5
 Fs jg rupturg ifj ogtrlobdlb, fd vlig if jbs fspbsbs, nlfd pbr su kboõd vbjudtgi, nlfd
pbr jg vbjudtgi if ud sbjb quf rfpuilg gj btrb. Fd kbdsfkufdklg sladl`lkg jg ilsbjuklûd

ifj ogtrlobdlb.
Fd tìroldbs afdfrgjfs, jg ilskuslûd rfspfktb g jg kbdvfdlfdklg b ldkbdvfdlfdklg ifj
ilvbrklb, alrg fd tbrdb g jgs lifgs rfjlalbsgs sbnrf fj ogtrlobdlb y fd tbrdb g jg
sbkl
sbklfi
figi
gi kbd
kbdyu
yuag
agjj b ld
ldst
stltltuk
uklû
lûd
d sb
sbkl
klgj
gj rfsuj
rfsujtg
tgdt
dtf
f ifj ol
olso
sob
b pufi
pufif
f sfr ilsu
ilsufj
fjtg
tg,,
kbdslifrçdibsf su ldklifdklg fd lopbrtgdtfs gspfktbs obrgjfs quf rlafd fj ifsgrrbjjb
if jg sbklfigi.
Fj prbnjfog sld fongrab y sld rfstgr lopbrtgdklg g sus prbyfkklbdfs sbklgjfs fd
kugdtb g jg kbjfktlvl
kbjfktlvligi
igi tlfdf sbnrf tbib sldaujgr rfjfvgdklg
rfjfvgdklg pgrg jg `goljlg fd sl, pgrg
kgig `goljlg qulfd kbd`rbdtg jg pbslnljligi if su ifsldtfargklûd sfg pbr jg slopjf
sfpgrgklûd b pbr fj ilvbrklb, fd udb u btrb kgsb, kugdib mgy mlebs sbd fjjbs jbs quf

g`rbdtgd il`ïkljfs sltugklbdfs suraligs ifj sfdb `goljlgr sld fstgr prfpgrgibs b sld quf
sf jfs
jfs mg
mgyg
yg prfp
prfpgr
grgi
gib
b pg
pgrg
rg kbop
kboprfrfdi
difr
fr jg og
ogadadltltui
ui rf
rfgj
gj,, jb qu
quf
f tr
trgf
gf kbob
kbob
 

kbdsfkufdklg ig÷bs obrgjfs y argvfs8 yg quf sõnltgofdtf vfd ifsgpgrfkfr fj dõkjfb

`goljlgr quf jbs sustfdtgng y kbob kbdsfkufdklg vfd su mbagr ilsufjtb
Fj ilvbrklb vlfdf ifj jgtïd ilvbrtluo, if ilvfrtfrf quf sladl`lkg sfpgrgr. Fj ilvbrklb fs jg
rupturg
rupturg ifj vïd
vïdkuj
kujb
b ogt
ogtrlo
rlobdl
bdlgj,
gj, vçj
vçjlig
ligofd
ofdtf
tf kbdtrg
kbdtrgïib
ïib,, fd vli
vlig
g if jbs kûd
kûdyua
yuafs,
fs,
`udigig fd kgusg jfagj, fd vlrtui if udg sfdtfdklg euilklgj. g) Fj ilvbrklb rbopf b
ilsufjvf fj vïdkujb y, pbr kbdslaulfdtf, jbs ilvbrklgibs qufigd fd jlnfrtgi if kbdtrgfr 

ud dufvb ogtrl
ogtrlobdlb.
obdlb. n) Mg if trgtgrsf if ud ogtrlo
ogtrlobdlb
bdlb vçjlib8
vçjlib8 fstg klrkud
klrkudstgdkl
stgdklg
g
il
il`f
`frfd
rfdkl
klg
g rgi
rgilk
lkgj
gjof
ofdt
dtf
f fj ilvb
ilvbrk
rklb
lb if jg du
dujljligi
igi if
ifjj ogtr
ogtrlo
lobdl
bdlb,
b, qu
quff ilsu
ilsufj
fjvf
vf
laugjofdtf fj vïdkujb, fd rgzûd if quf db `uf vçjligofdtf kbdtrgïib. k) Fs prfsupufstb
ifj ilvbrklb quf vlvgd gonbs kûdyuafs5 jg oufrtf tgonlìd ilsufjvf fj ogtrlobdlb y db
kgnf rbopfr ud vïdkujb yg ldfxlstfdtf. i) Fd jgs jfalsjgklbdfs obifrdgs prbkfif fj
ilvbr
brkklb pbr kg
kgu
usgs sf÷gjgigs pbr jg jfy, sl
sld
d pfre
reu
ulklb if quf il`lfr
frg
gd
kbds
kbdsli
lifrg
frgnjf
njfof
ofdt
dtf
f fj dõof
dõofrb
rb y dgtu
dgturg
rgjf
jfzg
zg if tg
tgjf
jfss kg
kgusg
usgs.
s. f) Fd `l`ld,
d, y kb
kbob
ob
kbdsfkufdklg if jb gdtfrlbr, ifnf sfr prbdudklgib pbr jg eustlklg, quf mg if kgjl`lkgr jgs
kgusgs gjfagigs.
Sçaldg 6

FJFOFDYB[ IFJ ILPB^KLB5

Fjfofdtb [uneftlvb5 Kûdyuafs ud mbonrf y udg ouefr. Sgrg tfdfr jg kgjligi if
kûdyuaf fs dfkfsgrlb quf sf mgyg kbdtrgïib ogtrlobdlb fdtrf sï, mgyg slib
gutbrlzgib ifnligofdtf y quf db mgyg slib lopuadgib if dujligi.
• Fjfofdtb Bneftlvb5 Jbs gktbs kbdiuktugjfs if jbs kûdyuafs, quf ifd obtlvb
pgrg ldvbkgr fj ilvbrklb. Jg jfy ldilkg tgxgtlvgofdtf jgs kgusgs pgrg sbjlkltgr fj
ilvb
ilvbrkl
rklb
b sl fs pbr
pbr kgusg
kgusg ift
iftfro
frold
ldgi
gig.
g. Fd fj kg
kgsb
sb if
ifjj ilvbr
ilvbrkl
klb
b pb
pbrr outu
outub
b
kbdsfdtlolfdtb sfrçd jbs gktbs quf mgagd lopbslnjf jg vlig fd kboõd if jbs
kûdyuafs.
Fjfofdtbs `brogjfs5 Fstg sf rlaf pbr udg sfrlf if prbkfilolfdtbs quf sf

dfkfsltg kuopjlr pgrg quf sf ifkjgrf fj ilvbrklb. [l fs pbr ifklslûd udljgtfrgj

sfrç g trgvìs if ud eulklb brildgrlb, kuopjlìdibsf tbigs jgs ftgpgs if ìstf. [l
`ufrf fj kgsb if ud ilvbrklb vbjudtgrlb, sfrç pbr jg vïg vbjudtgrlg, sboftfrç g
kbdslifrgklûd fj eufz, ud prbyfktb if kbdvfdlb prfskrltb fd fj Kûilab Klvlj fd su
grt. 70;.

KG^GKYF^L[YLKG[ IFJ ILPB^KLB5

 Gktb if outub gkufrib5 Jg jfy prfvì
p rfvì quf kugdib jbs kûdyua
kûdyuafs
fs pbr rgzbdfs quf
kbdslifrfd if pfsb b nlfd pbrquf jg vlig fd kboõd sf jfs mgag ldsbpbrtgnjf,
pufigd ouy nlfd sbjlkltgr jg ilsbjuklûd ifj vïdkujb kbdyuagj. • Gktb Vdljgtfrgj5

[ukfif kugdib fxlstf udg kgusg fspfkï`lkg pgrg quf fj kûdyuaf ldkujpgnjf,
ldvbkçdibjg, sbjlkltf jg rupturg ifj ogtrlobdlb.
 

Fj ilvbrklb pbr kgusg iftfroldgig ifnf sbjlkltgrsf ifdtrb if jbs sfls ofsfs
slaulfdtfs gj iïg fd quf mgygd jjfagib g su kbdbklolfdtb jbs mfkmbs fd quf
`udif jg ifogdig. • Ifnf trgdskurrlr ud g÷b if vlig kbdyuagj, pgrg sbjlkltgr 
ilvbrklb pbr outub kbdsfdtlolfdtb.
Fj ilvbrklb db pufif ifkjgrgrsf pbr gjjgdgolfdtb b kbd`fslûd ifj kûdyuaf
kujpgnjf, sldb quf ifnf sfaulrsf tbib ud prbkfsb, pgrg ifobstrgrjf gj eufz jg

fxlstfdklg if jg kgusg ldvbkgig.

Sgrg
Sg rg quf sf if fj ilvb ilvbrkl
rklb,
b, dfk
dfkfs
fsgrl
grlgo
gofd
fdtf
tf if
ifnf
nf fxl
fxlst
stlr
lr fj vï
vïdk
dkuj
ujb
b if
ifjj
ogtrlobdlb gutbrlzgib jïkltgofdtf y sld quf sf mgyg slib lopuadgib pbr dujligi.
Fj ilvbrklb ilsufjvf fj vïdkujb kbdyuagj.

F@FKYB[ IFJ ILPB^KLB5

Jlquligklûd ifj pgtrlobdlb kbdyuagj quf prbkfif gj fstgr `lrof jg sfdtfdklg
ifkjgrgtlvg ifj ilvbrklb y g kuyb f`fktb sf jlquligrg fj pgtrlobdlb kbdyuagj fd jbs

Sçaldg 0
tìroldbs prfskrltbs fd jgs kgpltujgklbdfs ogtrlobdlgjfs, pbr jg jfy b pbr jgs
kbdvfdklbdfs quf munlfrgd kfjfnrgib jbs kûdyuafs. (Grt. 76<, 713 Kûilab Klvlj).

@LDGJLIGI IFJ ILPB^KLB5

 Eudtb gj ilvbrklb prbplgofdtf fxlstf jg sfpgrgklûd if kufrpbs, jg kugj fs udg `brog
gtfdugig ifj ilvbrklb Il`lfrf ifj ilvbrklb pbrquf db ilsufjvf fj vïdkujb ogtrlobdlgj,
sldb
sldb qu
quf
f jb rf
rfjg
jgeg
eg sbjg
sbjgof
ofdt
dtf.
f. Jb
Jbss kûdy
kûdyua
uafs
fs kbdt
kbdtld
ldõg
õgd
d kgsg
kgsgib
ibs,
s, pfrb
pfrb qu
qufi
figd
gd
ilspfdsgibs if jg bnjlagklûd if mgkfr vlig fd kboõd. Ibs kgrgktfrfs b`rfkf jg
sfpgrgklûd5 fd prlofr tìroldb y kbob kbdsfkufdklg if jg suspfdslûd if jg vlig fd

kboõd, qufigd gnbjlibs jbs ifnfrfs kbdyuagjfs quf jg supbdfd, olfdtrgs quf jbs
ifoçs, fd afdfrgj, ogdtlfdfd su vlabr. Fd sfaudib juagr, fstg su kgrçktfr prfkgrlb
pbrquf pufif kfsgr fd kugjqulfr tlfopb, rfkbdkljlçdibsf jbs kûdyuafs, sgjvbs kgsbs
fxkf
fxkfpk
pklb
lbdg
dgjf
jfs,
s, fd rg
rgzû
zûd
d if jg ar
argv
gvfi
figi
gi if jgs
jgs kgus
kgusgj
gjfs
fs if
iftf
tfro
rold
ldgd
gdtf
tfss if jg
sfpgrgklûd.

 GDYFKFIFDYF[ ML[YÛ^LKB[ IFJ ILPB^KLB5

  Jg pgjgnrg ilvbrklb prbvlfdf ifj vbkgnjb jgtïd ‚ilvbrtluo‟ quf prbkfif ifj vfrnb
‚ilvfrtfrf‟, quf sladl`lkg sfpgrgklûd, sgjlr if kgsg, fstgnjfklfdib quf jbs kûdyuafs
tbogd ruonbs il`frfdtfs `ufrg ifj ogtrlobdlb. Gsï pbifobs ofdklbdgr quf fd gjaudgs

kujturgs gdtlaugs fj ilvbrklb sf jjfaû g kbdstltulr g trgvìs ifj >3 tlfopb fd jg õdlkg
`brog if ilsbjvfr fj ogtrlobdlb, fd gqufjjbs tlfopbs pbr ofilb ifj rfpuilb ifj mbonrf
 

mgklg jg ouefr. [f pufif ofdklbdgr quf fd Ngnljbdlg, Sfrslg, Kmldg, Arfklg, Ldilg,
Lsrgfj y ifdtrb ifj Kûilab if Ogdõ fd jbs quf sf rfg`lrog kbob kgusgj if sfpgrgklûd
fj rfpuilb fdtrf gonbs kûdyuafs jb quf fstuvb rfaujgib iurgdtf oukmb tlfopb. Fd
btrgs kujturgs kbob jg falpklg, fj ogtrlobdlb frg kbdslifrgib tgonlìd ud gktb sgargib,
y fj ilvbrklb frg kbdslifrgib kbob kgusgj if ud kbdtrgtb sbklgj. Fd Arfklg, fstbs pbr 
tfdfr oukmbs kujtbs g sus ilbsfs, prbtfaïgd fj ogtrlobdl
ogtrlobdlb,
b, pfrb sld fongrab sf igng

fj rfpuilb kugdib jb pfiïg fj mbonrf, y fj gngdibdb kugdib jb f`fktugng jg ouefr. Fj

Ifrfkmb @rgdkìs, g pgrtlr if jg ^fvbjuklûd @rgdkfsg, sf fstgnjfklû fj ilvbrklb vldkujgr,
ldtrbiuklfdib ifspuìs trfs kgusgjfs if ilvbrklb5 fj outub kbdsfdtlolfdtb, ilvbrklb pbr 
rupturg if jg vlig fd kboõd y ilvbrklb pbr `gjtgs. Jg ^fvbjuklûd @rgdkfsg, kbdkfptuû fj
ogtr
ogtrlo
lobd
bdlb
lb kb
kbob
ob ud kbd
kbdtr
trgt
gtb
b klvl
klvlj,j, ifnï
ifnïg
g giolt
gioltlr
lr y giol
gioltltlû
û fj ilvb
ilvbrk
rklb
lb,, kb
kbd
d arg
argd
d
jlnfrgjligi. Fj Kûilab Klvlj @rgdkìs kbdsfrvû fj ilvbrklb, fd tìroldbs oçs rfstrldalibs.
Fd fj kgsb if jg Lajfslg b nlfd kbdbklib kbob fj Ifrfkmb Kgdûd
Kgdûdlkb
lkb sf iftfro
iftfroldgng
ldgng jg
fxlstfdklg if ld`jufdklgs fd tbibs jbs gspfktbs if jg vlig sbklgj, sf kbdslifrgng fj
ogtrlobdlb
ogtrlobdlb ldilsbjunjf,
ldilsbjunjf, fstgnjf
fstgnjfklìdib
klìdibjb
jb kbob ud sgkrgofdtb y pbr tgdtb db pbiïg sfr 
ilsufjtb pbr vbjudtgi ifj mbonrf. Fstgnjfklfdib gjaudgs `brogs pgrg fj ogtrlobdlb db

kbdsuogib, y fj ogtrlobdlb fdtrf db ngutlzgibs. Fj Ifrfkmb Kgdûdlkb db gkfptg fj

ilvbrklb gnsbjutb,
Sçaldg 1
sbjb
sbjb fj ilvbr
ilvbrkl
klb
b rf
rfjg
jgtltlvb
vb,, ifnl
ifnlib
ib gj pr
prld
ldkl
klpl
plb
b kgd
kgdbd
bdls
lstg
tg if jg ld
ldil
ilsb
sbju
junl
nljljlig
igi
i ifj
ogtrlobdlb pbr pgrtf if jg Lajfslg. Ifsif jbs prlofrbs tlfopbs, jg Lajfslg kbongtlû fj
ilvbrklb y prbkjgoû jg ldilsbjunljligi ifj ogtrlobdlb, tbogdib plf fd pgjgnrgs if
Krlstb, gkfrkg if jgs kugjfs db fstçd fstrlktgofdtf gkbrifs jbs fvgdafjlstgs. Olfdtrgs
[gd Jukgs y [gd Ogrkbs rfpuilgd fj ilvbrklb
ilvbrklb gnsbjutgo
gnsbjutgofdtf,
fdtf, [gd Ogtfb jb gioltf fd
fj kgsb ifj giujtfrlb. [ld fongrab, jg Lajfslg munb if gioltlr gjaudbs pgjlgtlvbs. Gioltlû
jg sfpgrgklûd if kufrpbs, quf db qufnrgdtg pfrb ifnljltg fj vïdkujb ogtrlobdlgj y

kbdstruyû udg tfbrïg if jg dujligi ifj ogtrlobdlb quf ig kgnlig g vfrigifrgs kgusgjfs
if ilvbrklb, gj giolt
gioltlr
lr kbob tgjfs klrkudst
klrkudstgdklgs
gdklgs pbstfrlb
pbstfrlbrfs
rfs g su kfjfnrgklûd
kfjfnrgklûd,, kbob jg
db kbdsuogklûd ifj ogtrlobdlb. Jg rf`brog trgeb kbdslab ud obvlolfdtb g `gvbr ifj
ilvbrklb, quf sf ldtrbiueb fd jbs pgïsfs prbtfstgdtfs. Olfdtrgs tgdtb fd ^bog, yg sf
krfgrbd kgusgjfs fspfkï`lkgs ifj ilvbrklb. Gkç fj ilvbrklb kgrfkïg if `brogjligifs y sf
ogtfrlgjlzgngd fd kugjqulfr `brog, fsb gdtfs if jg jjfagig if Eustldlgdb, fj kugj kbob
sf ofdklbdû gdtfrlbrofdtf krfû kgusgjfs fspfkï`lkgs if ilvbrklb. Gifoçs fj Ifrfkmb
^bogdb gioltlû
gioltlû fj ilvbrkl
ilvbrklb
b if jg ogdfrg oçs gopjl
gopjlg,
g, sld ldtfrv
ldtfrvfdklûd
fdklûd if jg eustlklg dl
fxprfslûd if kgusg, pbr outub kbdsfdtlolfdtb y gõd pbr vbjudtgi if udb sbjb if jbs
kûdyuafs. Fd su kbdkfptb frg udg ldstltuklûd if nlfd põnjlkb y sf tfdïg pbr dujgs jgs

fstlpujgklbdfs tfdilfdtfs g jloltgrjb. Jg gopjlg jlnfrtgi ifj ilvbrklb sunslstlû mgstg fj

tlfopb if jbs fopfrgibrfs krlstlgdbs. Fd jg jfalsjgklûd if Eustldlgdb sf jloltû fj
 

ilvbrklb if kboõd gkufrib y fstgnjfklfrbd sus kgusgjfs. Sfrb fj ilvbrklb kbdtlduû

ifpfdilfdib if jg vbjudtgi if jbs kûdyuafs pbrquf jg gusfdklg if udg kgusg jfagj
iftfroldgng sbjgofdtf jg gpjlkgklûd if klfrtgs pfdgs8 fj ilvbrklb db frg pbr fjjb ofdbs
f`lkgz.

FPBJVKLÛD IFJ ILPB^KLB FD AVGYFOGJG5

 Fs ldilspfdsgnjf mgkfr ud rfkufdtb mlstûrlkb if jb quf mg slib jg fvbjuklûd ifj ilvbrklb
fd dufstrb pgïs. Fd fj Kûilab Klvlj if Augtfogjg if 7=03, slaulfdib jg tfdifdklg ifj
Ifrfkmb Kgdûdlkb, sf fstgnjfkf quf fj ogtrlobdlb frg gjab ldilsbjunjf y fj ilvbrklb frg
kbdslifrgib gjab glsjgib, sf rfaujgng kbob udg fxkfpklûd gj ogtrlobdlb. Gifoçs fj
ilvbrklb jf pfrtfdfkïg g jg Lajfslg, qulfd frg jg quf ifkliïg sl sf rbopïg fj vïdkujb
ogtrlobdlgj. Sfrb gudquf sf igng fj ilvbrklb, db sf igng jg rupturg ifj vïdkujb, yg quf
fstf sf rbopïg pbr jg oufrtf if udb if jbs ibs kûdyuafs. Fd 7==3 fxgktgofdtf fj
kugtrb if ogyb, fs kugdib sf mgkf jg rf`brog y sf ldtrbiukf fj ilvbrklb gnsbjutb, pfrb
fstf rìalofd sbjb rlalû gj pgïs pbr fj jgpsb if ud g÷b, yg quf fd 7==7 sf ig jg Jfy
^fajgofdtgrlg if Ilvbrklb Klvlj, quf ifrbagng jg Jfy gdtfrlbr. Jufab fd 7==6, pbr 

Ifkrftb ifj Srfslifdtf Srbvlslbdgj if jg ^fpõnjlkg, sf ifrbag jg Jfy ifj Ilvbrklb

^fjgtlvb, pfrb fj jfalsjgibr slfoprf sf ogdtuvb `lrof y prfvgjfklû fj ilvbrklb rfjgtlvb.
Fd

Sçaldg =
fj g÷b if 7=<9 sf fstgnjfkf fj ilvbrklb gnsbjutb y fd 7<33 sf ig btrg rf`brog y fd fjjg
sf ldkjuyf fj ilvbrklb pbr gngdibdb pbr ud g÷b, quf db frg rfaujgig kbd gdtfrlbrligi.
‚Fd 7<37, fd fj Kbdarfsb Kfdtrbgofrlkgdb, sf rfkbdbkf g dlvfj rfalbdgj fj ilvbrklb pbr 
outub kbdsfdtlolfdtb if jbs kûdyuafs, y ifsif fsf g÷b mgstg jg `fkmg db sf mgd igib
rf`brogs mg;stg g jg `fkmg if 7<06 kbd jg krfgklûd ifj Kûilab Klvlj, Ifkrftb Jfy 7308 f

ldtrbiukf udg lddbvgklûd kbd rfspfktb gj ilvbrklb‟.>9 Fj ilvbrklb, kbob ldstltuklûd

prbplg ifj Ifrfkmb Klvlj, gpgrfkf fd jgs jfalsjgklbdfs ifj oudib, g pgrtlr ifj obofdtb
olsob quf sf gioltf jg ilsbjuklûd ifj vïdkujb ogtrlobdlgj y jg slopjf sfpgrgklûd if
kufrpbs kbob jg sbjuklûd, gj prbnjfog quf prfsfdtg jg kbdtlduligi if jg rfjgklûd
kbdyuagj8 dufstrg sbklfigi db fs jg fxkfpklûd, y sf mg pjgsogib mlstûrlkgofdtf fd jg
Jfalsjgklûd Klvlj y Srbkfsgj Klvlj, y fd jg gktugjligi kbd su prbplg jfalsjgklûd kbob fs fj
Kûilab if Klvlj y su Kûilab Srbkfsgj Klvlj, jg ldstltuklûd ifj ilvbrklb, jg kugj ifsif sus
brïafdfs mgstg dufstrbs iïgs, sf prfsfdtg kbd rf`brogs b obil`lkgklbdfs, tgj kgtfabrïg
 eurïilkg gpgrfkf pbr prlofrg vfz fd Augtfogjg fd 7=03, pjgdtfgig kbob ilvbrklb
rfjgtlvb b slopjf sfpgrgklûd if kufrpbs, fdtfdilìdibsf fstf jg sfpgrgklûd if jbs

;
mttps5//fs.skrlni.kbo/ibk/619=;;96/Fstuilb-Eurlilkb-Ibktrldgrlb-if-Ilvbrklb-
Pbjudtgrlb
 

kûdy
kûdyua
uafs
fs brif
brifdg
dgig
ig pb
pbrr fj Eufz
Eufz kbop
kbopft
ftfd
fdtf
tf,, if
ifeg
egdi
dib
b suns
sunsls
lstf
tfdt
dtf
f fj vïdk
vïdkuj
ujb
b
ogtrlobdlgj. Fstf krltfrlb ifj Jfalsjgibr, sf vf sunstgdklgjofdtf trgds`brogib pbr jg
jfy ifj kugtrb if ogyb if 7==3, quf fstgnjfkïg fj ilvbrklb gnsbjutb, jfagjlzçdibjb gsï,
kbob ilsbjuklûd ifj vïdkujb ogtrlobdlgj, lifg quf pgrfkïg fxgafrgig pgrg gqufjjbs
tlfopbs, ifnlib g jgs rïaligs kbstuonrfs y g jg rfgjligi sbklgj if fsf obofdtb
mlst
mlstûr
ûrlk
lkb.
b. Fd 7=
7==7
=7,, jg Jf
Jfyy if
ifjj Il
Ilvb
vbrk
rklb
lb Gn
Gnsb
sbju
jutb
tb `uf
`uf if
ifrb
rbag
agig
ig,, gi
gibp
bptç
tçdi
dibs
bsf
f

dufvgofdtf fj krltfrlb ifj ilvbrklb rfjgtlvb, lifg quf sf ogdtlfdf mgstg 7=<98 kugdib
pbr jfy ifj >9 if gnrlj if fsf g÷b sf fstgnjfklû5 ‚fj ilvbrklb gnsbjutb‟. If fsg ìpbkg
mgstg gdtfs if jg krfgklûd ifj Kûilab Klvlj, jg ldstltuklûd quf dbs bkupg db mgnïg
su`rlib oçs quf jlafrgs rf`brogs, pgrg fj kgsb jgs kgusgjfs if ilvbrklb sf fdkbdtrgngd
fstgnjfkligs fd fj Grtïkujb 766 ifj Kûilab Klvlj, Ifkrftb Jfy 730 quf rfaujg5 Jg
ld`lifjligi if kugjqulfr if jbs kûdyuafs8 Jbs ogjbs trgtgolfdtb if bnrgs, jgs rl÷gs y
ilsputgs kbdtldugs, jgs ldeurlgs argvfs y b`fdsgs gj mbdbr y, fd afdfrgj, jg kbdiuktg quf
mgag ldsbpbrtgnjf jg vlig fd kboõd8 Fj gtfdtgib if udb if jbs kûdyuafs kbdtrg jg vlig
ifj btrb b if jbs mlebs8 Jg sfpgrgk
sfpgrgklûd
lûd b gngdibd
gngdibdb
b vbjudtgrlb
vbjudtgrlbss if jg kgsg kbdyuagj b jg
gusfdklg ldobtlvgig, pbr oçs if ud g÷b8
g÷b8 Fj mfkmb if quf jg ouefr iì g juz iurgdtf fj

ogtrlobdlb, g ud mleb kbdkfnlib gdtfs if su kfjfnrgklûd, slfoprf quf fj ogrlib db

mgyg tfdlib kbdbklolfdtb ifj fongrgzb gdtfs ifj ogtrlobdlb8 Jg ldkltgklûd ifj ogrlib
pgrg prbstltulr g jg ouefr b kbrrbopfr g jbs mlebs8 Jg dfagtlvg ld`udigig if udb if jbs
kûdyuafs g kuopjlr kbd fj btrb b kbd jbs mlebs kboudfs, jbs ifnfrfs if gslstfdklg y
gjlofdtgklûd g quf fstç jfagjofdtf bnjlagib8 Jg ilslpgklûd
Sçaldg <
if jg mgklfdig iboìstlkg8 Jbs mçnltbs if eufab b fonrlgaufz b fj usb ldifnlib y
kbdstgdtf if fstupf`gklfdtfs, kugdib gofdgzgrfd kgusgr jg ruldg if jg `goljlg b
kbdstltuygd u kbdtldub obtlvb if ifsgvfdfdklg kbdyuag8 Jg ifdudklg if ifjltb b
gkusgklûd
gkusgklûd kgjuodlbsg mfkmg pbr ud kûdyuaf kbdtrg
kbdtrg fj btrb8 Jg kbdifdg if udb if jbs

kûdyuafs, fd sfdtf
kûdyuafs, sfdtfdklg
dklg `lrof, pbr ifjltb kbdtrg jg prbplf
prbplfigi
igi b pbr kugjqulfr btrb ifjltb
kboõd quf ofrfzkg pfdg ogybr if kldkb g÷bs if prlslûd8 Jg fd`frofigi argvf,
ldkurgnjf
ldkurgnjf y kbdtg
kbdtgalbsg,
albsg, pfreuil
pfreuilklgj
klgj gj btrb kûdyuaf b g jg ifskfdifdkl
ifskfdifdklg8
g8 Jg lopbt
lopbtfdklg
fdklg
gnsbjutg
gnsbjutg b rfjgtlvg
rfjgtlvg pgrg jg prbkrfgklûd,
prbkrfgklûd, slfoprf quf pbr su dgturg
dgturgjfzg
jfzg sfg ldkurg
ldkurgnjf
njf y
pbstfrlbr gj ogtrlobdlb8 Jg fd`frofigi ofdtgj ldkurgnjf if udb if jbs kûdyuafs quf
sfg su`lklfdtf pgrg ifkjgrgr jg ldtfrilkklûd8 y Gslolsob, fs kgusg pgrg bntfdfr fj
ilvbrklb, jg sfpgrgklûd if pfrsbdg ifkjgrgig fd sfdtfdklg `lrof. Obifrdgofdtf g
pfsgr if jgs kbrrlfdtfs ibktrldgrlgs if pfdsgolfdtb fd kbdtrg ifj ilvbrklb, fstf mg slib
gkfptgib kbob udg dfkfsligi pgrg pbdfr `ld g jg lopbslnljligi if kbdtldugr kbd jg
rfjgklûd kbdyuagj. [ld fongrab, gud kugdib fsg lifg sf `udigofdtg y dgkf sbnrf

ngsfs ouy sûjligs, pufif grauofdtgrsf fd kbdtrg if fsg ldstltuklûd, jg eustl`lkgig

prftfdslûd pbr pgrtf ifj Fstgib if kbdsfrvgr jg `goljlg pbr sfr fstg fj kbopbdfdtf
 

prldklpgj ifj kbdajbofrgib sbklgj. Ifsif fj pudtb if vlstg sbklgj, fj ilvbrklb lopjlkg
udg ilvfrsligi if prbnjfogs, tgjfs kbob ifsldtfargklûd `goljlgr, gngdibdb, br`gdigi,
gnusbs sfxugjfs, ftk. [lfdib jg `goljlg jg ngsf `udigofdtgj if jg sbklfigi y fj
ogtrlobdlb su ldstruofdtb jfagj, fs lopbrtgdtf quf fj Jfalsjgibr jjfdf jbs vgkïbs if
Jfy kbd tfxtbs oçs kjgrbs quf jf pfroltgd gj Euzagibr mgkfr udg vgjbrgklûd ifj kgsb
gkbrif g jldfgo
jldfgolfdtb
lfdtbss prfvlgo
prfvlgofdtf
fdtf fstgnjfklib
fstgnjfklibss fd dufstrb
dufstrb brifdg
brifdgolfdtb
olfdtb eurïilkb
eurïilkb,,

fvltgdib vgjbrgklbdfs frrûdfgs if jg jfy. Vdg if jgs prldklpgjfs lddbvgklbdfs ifj

Kûilab if @goljlg fd kugdtb gj ilvbrklb kbob tgj, fs quf jb kbdslifrg kbob ud rfofilb
pgrg pbdfr `ld eurïilkgofdtf g ud ogtrlobdlb quf fd jbs mfkmbs sf fdkufdtrg ifstrulib
y if
ifeg
eg g tb
tbtg
tgjj il
ilskr
skrfk
fklb
lbdg
dgjljligi
igi if
ifjj eu
euzag
zagib
ibrr jb
jbss ob
obtltlvb
vbss pg
pgrg
rg su ilsb
ilsbju
jukl
klûd
ûd.. ;.
;.7.
7.
If`ldlklûd if ilvbrklb Kbdslstf fd jg ilsbjuklûd if ud ogtrlobdlb vçjlib fd vlig if jbs
kûdyuafs. Gsï fdkbdtrgobs quf oukmbs gutbrfs fdtlfdifd fj ilvbrklb if jg slaulfdtf
ogdfrg5 ‚Ilvbrklb fs jg pgrtf jfagj if fxtldaulr ud ogtrlobdlb fd vlig if jbs kûdyuafs,
ifkrftgig pbr jg gutbrligi kbopftfdtf, quf pfroltg g jbs olsobs kbd pbstfrlbrligi
kbdtrgfr ogtrlobdlb‟. ‚Ilvbrklb fs jg rupturg ifj vïdkujb kbdyuagj, prbdudklgib fd vlig
if jbs kûdy
dyu
uafs pbr trl
rln
nudg
dgjj kbopft
ftf
fdtf g pft
pftlklûd if ud
udb,
b, b if go
gon
nbs

kûdyuafs‟‚Ilvbrklb fs jg ilsbjuklûd ifj vïdkujb ogtrlobdlgj ifkrftgib pbr fj Eufz‟ Ifj

kbdkfptb gdtfs vfrtlib, fs kboõd fdkbdtrgr jbs slaulfdtfs fjfofdtbs5 g. Jg ilsbjuklûd
if ud vïdkujb ogtrlobdlgj8 n. Ifkrftgib pbr gutbrligi kbopftfdtf8 k. Ifnf mgnfr 
kgusg fxlstfdtf8 i. Dfkfsgrlgofdtf ifnf sfr fd vlig if jbs kûdyuafs8 f. Fj ogtrlobdlb
ifnf sfr kbdtrgïib vçjligofdtf If jbs kbdkfptbs gdtfrlbrfs, y kbd jbs fjfofdtbs
kboudfs fdtrf gonbs, if`ldlobs fj ilvbrklb if jg slaulfdtf ogdfrg5 Ilvbrklb
Sçaldg 73
fs jg rupturg ifj ogtrlobdlb, vçjlib fd vlig if jbs kûdyuafs, ifkrftgig pbr gutbrligi
Euilklgj
Euilklgj kbopft
kbopftfdtf,
fdtf, udg gjtfr
gjtfrdgtlvg
dgtlvg pgrg sbjukl
sbjuklbdgr
bdgr argdifs kbd`jlkt
kbd`jlktbs
bs `goljlgrfs
`goljlgrfs quf
g`fktg argdifofdtf gj Fstgib, pufstb   quf sl db mgy `goljlgs fstgnjfs, pbr fdif fj

Fstgib tfdirç sfrlbs prbnjfogs sbklgjfs.

G[SFKYB[ LOSB^YGDYF[ [BN^F FJ ILPB^KLB5

 Fs lopbrtgdtf kbdbkfr ifsif sus brïafdfs jg fvbjuklûd, quf kbd fj tlfopb y ifsgrrbjjb
if jg sbklfigi, tlfdf iftfroldgig ldstltuklûd (ilvbrklb), pgrg tfdfr udg dbklûd oçs
gkfrtgig
gkfrtgig if jg dbrogtlv
dbrogtlvg
g vlafdtf y gsï pbifr mgkfr ud gdçjlsls kjgrb y fspfkl`lkb if ud
fstuilb if ldvfstlagklûd. Fj ilvbrklb kbdstltuyû fj rfofilb g udg sltugklûd fd jg kugj jbs
kûdyuafs fdkufdtrgd ud fskgpf b jg sbjuklûd g jgs il`frfdtfs il`lkujtgifs kbdyuagjfs,
pfrb g jg vfz kbdstltuyf ud ofilb afdfrgibr if ud ifskbdtrbj fobklbdgj g jgs vïktlogs
if fstf, quf fd fj kgsb ifj ilvbrklb sbd jbs mlebs quf tlfdf quf fd`rfdtgr ud dufvb tlpb

if vlig. Fs lopbrtgdtf vfr kbob jgs udlbdfs if mfkmb fstçd tfdlfdib udg gkfptgklûd
loprfslbdgdtf fd jbs pgïsfs if Goìrlkg Jgtldg, jb quf trgf kbob kbdsfkufdklg quf
 

ouk
ukmg
mgss pg
pgrf
rfeg
egss pr
prf`
f`llfr
frgd
gd tfdfr
fdfr udg ud
udllûd if mf
mfkm
kmb
b y gs
gsïï pb
pbif
ifrr fvgil
vgilrr jg
rfspbdsgnljligi quf pbsff tbib fj ogtrlobdlb, yg quf kugdib bptgd pbr ìj y sf igd
prbnjfogs quf mgkfd ldsbstfdlnjf jg rfjgklûd jg   sbjuklûd oçs sfdsgtg fs fj ilvbrklb,
pgrg gsï fvltgr ig÷bs ogybrfs. If gjjï quf fstg sfg btrg if jgs tgdtgs sltugk
sltugklbdfs
lbdfs quf
g`fktgd fj ogtrlobdlb. Fs lopbrtgdtf ifegr kjgrb quf db fs fj ilvbrklb fj quf pbdag `ld g
udg rfjgklûd kbdyuagj sldb quf sbd btrgs sltugklbdfs if kgrçktfr g`fktlvb b fj olsob

tlpb if pgtrûd kujturgj, jb quf bkgslbdg fstf `fdûofdb quf sbjgofdtf fs jg `brog jfagj
if fxtldaulr udg sltugklûd if mfkmb.  

ILPB^KLB SB^ OVYVB GKVF^IB IF JB[ KBD\VAF[ [FAÕD FJ KBILAB

KLPLJ5

 ‚Ygdtb kbob sf ifngtf fd jg ibktrldg sl fs kbdvfdlfdtf gkfptgr fj ilvbrklb gnsbjutb, sf

ilskutf, gud fdtrf jbs pgrtligrlbs ifj olsob, sl kbdvlfdf ifegr gj gkufrib if jbs
kûdyuafs jg ilsbjuklûd ifj vïdkujb ogtrlobdlgj g trgvìs ifj ilvbrklb pbr outub gkufrib,
b pbr outub kbdsfdtlolfdtb b vbjudtgrlb, kbob tgonlìd sf jf ifdboldg, (slk.) Fs udg

`laurg rfaujgig fd pbkbs pgïsfs, Augtfogjg fdtrf fjjbs. ‚Fd rfgjligi -fskrlnf ^beldg
Pljjfags-, jg lifg ifj ilvbrklb vbjudtgrlb quf pgrtf ifj Kûilab `rgdkìs, sf ifnf g
Nbdg
Nbdgpg
pgrt
rtf,
f, qulf
qulfd
d jb
jbarû
arû lo
lopb
pbdfr
dfrjg
jg,, db bnst
bnstgd
gdtf
tf jg bp
bpld
ldlû
lûd
d kb
kbdt
dtrg
rgrlg
rlg if qulf
qulfdf
dfss
ldtfrvldlfrbd fd jg rfigkklûd ifj Kûilab quf jjfvg su dbonrf, Dgpbjfûd tfdïg argd
ldtfrìs fd ogdtfdfr fj ilvbrklb vbjudtgrlb fd pgrtf pbr jg pbslnljligi if quf Ebsf`ldg db
jf ilfsf mlebs, y tgonlìd pbrquf pfdsgng quf fj ilvbrklb vbjudtgrlb kbdstltuyf udg
`brog
brog kb
kbdv
dvfd
fdlf
lfdt
dtf
f if bk
bkuj
ujttgr kg
kgus
usgs
gs ouy ar
argv
gvfs
fs88 kg
kgus
usgs
gs quf pu
pufi
fifd
fd sf
sfr 
r 
fskgdigjbsgs, quf pufifd brlaldgr jg ifsmbdrg, fj
Sçaldg 77
ifsprfstlalb, fj ifskrìiltb if udb if jbs kûdyuafs‟ (slk.) Ilspbdf fj kûilab quf jg

sfpgrgklûd b ilvbrklb (ifnlû ifklr b fj ilvbrklb) pbr outub gkufrib if jbs kûdyuafs, db
pbirç pfilrsf sldb ifspuìs if ud g÷b, kbdtgib ifsif jg `fkmg fd quf sf kfjfnrû fj
ogtrlobdlb (Grt. 769).

IF[G^^BJJB IFJ S^BKF[B

Outub Kbdsfdtlolfdtb5 Fj ilvbrklb b jg sfpgrgklûd pbr outub kbdsfdtlolfdtb Sbirçd

pfilrsf gdtf fj eufz ifj ibolkljlb kbdyuagj, slfoprf quf munlfrf Yrgdskurrlib oçs if
ud g÷b, kbdtgib ifsif jg `fkmg fd quf sf kfjfnrû fj Ogtrlobdlb.

Kbd jg quf sf ifnfd gkbopg÷gr jbs slaulfdtfs ibkuofdtbs5

♠ Jg Kfrtl`lkgklûd if jg Sgrtlig if Ogtrlobdlb,
 

♠ Kfrtl`lkgklûd if jgs Sgrtligs if Dgklolfdtb if jbs mlebs sl jbs munlfrf,

♠ Jgs Kgpltujgklbdfs Ogtrlobdlgjfs sl jgs munlfrf y
♠ ^fjgklûd if nlfdfs giqulrlibs iurgdtf fj ogtrlobdlb (Grt. 9>0 KSK\O).

EVDYG KBDKLJLGYB^LG
[l jg ifogdig kuopjf kbd tbibs jbs rfqulsltbs, fj eufz `leg iïg y mbrg pgrg quf sf jjfvf

g kgnb jg eudtg kbdkljlgtbrlg, quf ifnf sfr ifdtrb if jbs bkmb iïgs slaulfdtfs g jg
prfsfdtgklûd if jg ifogdig8 ifdtrb if fstg guilfdklg jgs pgrtfs ifnfd if kbopgrfkfr 
kgig udg kbd su gnbagib.
\g fd jg guilfdklg, jgs pgrtfs prfvlg rgtl`lkgklûd if jg ifogdig fj eufz jbs ldstgrg g quf
kbdtldõfd kbd su vlig ogtrlobdlgj, sl fjjbs sf gvldlfrfd, sf ifkjgrgrg fj sbnrfsflolfdtb
if`ldltlvb.
[l jg kbdkljlgklûd `ufrf pgrklgj, fj eulklb kbdtldugrç fd kugdtb g jgs pftlklbdfs db
kboprfdiligs fd fj gkufrib.

KBDPFDLB

[l db munlfrg kbdkljlgklûd y pfrslstf fj ifsfb if ilvbrklgrsf, ifdtrb if jg olsog eudtg b

kbd pbstfrlbrligi sf ifnf prfsfdtgr ud prbyfktb if ngsfs if ilvbrklb ifdtrb ifj kugj
sf fstgnjfkfrç5
fstgnjfkfrç5 g qulfd qufigrgd jbs mlebs, jg pfdslûd quf sf jf igrç g jbs olsobs y g
jg ogirf, fd kgsb if quf fjjg b db tfdag rfdtgs prbplgs quf gjkgdkfd pgrg kunrlr jgs
dfkfsligifs nçslkgs b db rfdudklf g fjjg fxprfsgofdtf.(Grt. 9>< KSK\O) Grtïkujb 9><
ifj Kûilab Srbkfsgj Klvlj y Ofrkgdtlj
[l db munlfrf kbdkljlgklûd, fd jg olsog eudtg b kbd pbstfrlbrligi, sf prfsfdtgrç g eufz
ud prbyfktb if kbdvfdlb fd quf kbdstfd, fd su kgsb, jbs pudtbs slaulfdtfs5
Sçaldg 7>
7µ. G qulìd qufigd kbd`lgibs jbs mlebs ofdbrfs b ldkgpgkfs mgnlibs fd fj ogtrlobdlb8

>µ. Sbr kufdtg if qulìd if jbs kûdyuafs ifnfrçd sfr gjlofdtgibs y fiukgibs jbs mlebs,
y kugdib fstg bnjlagklûd pfsf sbnrf gonbs kûdyuafs, fd quì prbpbrklûd kbdtrlnulrç
kgig udb if fjjbs8
;µ. Wuì pfdslûd ifnfrç pgagr fj ogrlib g jg ouefr, sl ìstg db tlfdf rfdtgs prbplgs quf
ngstfd pgrg kunrlr sus dfkfsligifs8 y9
9µ. Agrgdtïg quf sf prfstf pgrg fj kuopjlolfdtb if jgs bnjlagklbdfs quf pbr fj
kbdvfdlb kbdtrglagd jbs kûdyuafs. Fj kbdvfdlb db pfreuilkgrç g jbs mlebs, qulfdfs, g
pfsgr if jgs fstlpujgklbdfs, kbdsfrvgrçd ïdtfarbs sus ifrfkmbs g sfr gjlofdtgibs y
fiukgibs, kbd grrfajb g jg jfy.
AG^GDYLG

9g
   IFK^FYB JF\ DVOF^B 731 FD^LWVF SF^GJYG GUV^ILG, Ef`f ifj Abnlfrdb if jg ^fpõnjlkg
 

[l jgs pgrtfs rgtl`lkgd su ifklslûd if ilvbrklgrsf, fj quf ifnf if prfstgr gjlofdtbs,

ifnf
ifnfrç
rç ag
agrgd
rgdtltlzg
zgrr jg prf
prfst
stgk
gklû
lûd
d if jb
jbss ol
olso
sobs
bs,, jg ag
agrgd
rgdtï
tïg
g puf
pufif
if sf
sfrr if `l`lgd
gdzg,
zg,
mlpbtfkgrlg.

GS^BNGKLÛD IFJ KBDPFDLB

Srfsfdtgig jg agrgdtïg, fj Eufz prbkfifrç g vgjbrgrjg y sl kuopjf kbd tbibs jbs

rfqulsltbs jg gkfptgrg y gsï olsob g pftlklûd if pgrtf gprbngrg fj kbdvfdlb prfsfdtgib

kbd jg ifogdig b fj quf sf mgyg prfsfdtgib ifspuìs if jg eudtg kbdkljlgtbrlg. (Grt. 9;3
KSK\O).
[FDYFDKLG
Kuopjlibs
Kuopjlibs kbd tbibs jbs rfqulsltbs
rfqulsltbs quf jg jfy fstgnjfkf pgrg quf sì if ud ilvbrk
ilvbrklb,
lb, fj
Eufz ifnf if ilktgr sfdtfdklg gj rfspfktb ifdtrb if bkmb iïgs, y ibdif rfsbjvfrç sbnrf
tbibs jbs pudtbs ifj kbdvfdlb8 Fstg sfdtfdklg fs gpfjgnjf. Ifspuìs if sfls ofsfs if
mgnfr kgusgib fefkutbrlg jg sfdtfdklg if sfpgrgklûd, kugjqulfrg if jbs kûdyuafs
pufif pfilr quf sf kbdvlfrtg fd ilvbrklb, `udigib fd jg fefkutbrlg rfkgïig fd fj
prbkfsb if sfpgrgklûd. Fstg pftlklûd sf rfsbjvfrç kbob pudtb if ifrfkmb prfvlg

guilfdklg pbr ibs iïgs g jg btrg pgrtf. Fd kgsb if bpbslklûd, sf trgoltgrç fd eulklb
brildgrlb. (Grt. 9;7 KSK\O).
^FKBDKLJLGKLÛD
Fd kugjqulfr fstgib ifj prbkfsb if sfpgrgklûd b ilvbrklb, y gõd ifspuìs if jg
sfdtfdklg if sfpgrgklûd pufifd jbs kûdyuafs rfkbdkljlgrsf, qufigdib sld f`fktb  ilkmg
sfdtfdklg. [ûjb pbr kgusgs pbstfrlbrfs g jg rfkbdkljlgklûd, pbirç fdtgnjgrsf   dufvb
prbkfsb.. Jg rfkbdkl
prbkfsb rfkbdkljlgkl
jlgklûd
ûd pbirç mgkfrsf kbdst
kbdstgr
gr pbr kbopgrfkfdklg   pfrsbdgj gdtf fj
kbopgrfkfdklg
 eufz, pbr ofobrlgj kbd gutfdtlkgklûd if `lrogs b pbr fskrlturg   põnjlkg.  (Grt. 9;>
KSK\O).

Sçaldg 7;
LD[K^LSKLÛD FD FJ ^FAL[Y^B
Jg sf
sfdt
dtfd
fdkl
klg
g if ilvb
ilvbrkl
rklb,
b, if sf
sfpg
pgrgk
rgklû
lûd
d b jg rf
rfkbd
kbdkl
kljljlgkl
gklûd
ûd pb
pbst
stfrl
frlbr
br g fjjg
fjjg y jg
sfdtfdklg if ilvbrklb, sfrçd ldskrltgs if b`lklb fd fj ^falstrb Klvlj y fd fj if jg
Srbplfigi, pgrg jb kugj fj eufz rfoltlrç, ifdtrb if tfrkfrb iïg, kfrtl`lkgklûd fd pgpfj
fspg÷bj, if jg rfsbjuklûd rfspfktlvg.(Grt. 9;; KSK\O) .

FJ S^BKF[B [F @VDIG FD JB[ [LAVLFDYF[ G^YLKVJB[5

  Kûilab
Kûil ab Klvlj Ifkr ftb Jfy 730   Fj grtïkujb 76;5 ‚Fj ogtrlobdlb sf obil`lkg pbr jg
Ifkrftb
sfpgrgklûd y sf ilsufjvf pbr fj ilvbrklb. Fj Grtïkujb 7695 Fstgnjfkf5 Jg sfpgrgklûd if
 

pfrsbdgs gsï kbob fj ilvbrklb, pbirçd ifkjgrgrsf5 7µ. Sbr outub gkufrib if jbs
kûdyuafs…, Jg sfpgrgklûd b ilvbrklb pbr outub gkufrib if jbs kûdyuafs, db pbirç
pfilrsf sldb ifspuìs if ud g÷b kbdtgib ifsif jg `fkmg fd quf sf kfjfnrû fj
ogtrlo
ogtrlobdl
bdlb.
b. Grt
Grtïku
ïkujb
jb 70;
70;.. "[l jg sfp
sfpgrgk
grgklûd
lûd b fj ilv
ilvbrk
brklb
lb sf sbj
sbjlkl
lkltgr
tgrfd
fd pbr out
outub
ub
gkufrib, jbs kûdyuafs ifnfrçd prfsfdtgr ud prbyfktb if kbdvfdlb sbnrf jbs pudtbs
slaulfdtfs5
slaulfdtfs5 7b.- G qulìd qufigd kbd`lgibs
kbd`lgibs jbs mlebs mgnlibs
mgnlibs fd fj ogtrlobdlb8
ogtrlobdlb8 >b.- Sbr 

kufdtg if qulìd if jbs kûdyuafs ifnfrçd sfr gjlofdtgibs y fiukgibs jbs mlebs, y
kugdib fstg bnjlagklûd pfsf sbnrf gonbs kûdyuafs, fd quì prbpbrklûd kbdtrlnulrç
kgig udb if fjjbs8 ;b.- Wuf pfdslûd ifnfrç pgagr fj ogrlib g jg ouefr sl ìstg db tlfdf
rfdtgs prbplgs quf ngstfd pgrg kunrlr sus dfkfsligifs8 y 9b.- Agrgdtïg quf sf prfstf
pgrg fj kuopjlolfdtb if jgs bnjlagklbdfs quf pbr fj kbdvfdlb kbdtrglagd jbs kûdyuafs.
‚Kûilab Srbkfsgj Klvlj y Ofrkgdtlj Ifkrftb Jfy 7315   Grtïkujb 9>05 ‚Fj ilvbrklb b jg
sfpgrgklûd pbr outub kbdsfdtlolfdtb pbirçd pfilrsf gdtf eufz ifj ibolkljlb kbdyuagj,
slfoprf quf munlfrg trgdskurrlib oçs if ud g÷b, kbdtgib ifsif jg `fkmg fd quf sf
kfjfnrû fj ogtrlobdlb. Kbd jg sbjlkltui ifnfrçd prfsfdtgrsf jbs ibkuofdtbs slaulfdtfs5
7³. Kfrtl`lkgklbdfs if jg pgrtlig if ogtrlobdlb, if jgs pgrtligs if dgklolfdtb if jbs

mlebs prbkrfgibs pbr gonbs… >³. Jgs kgpltujgklbdfs ogtrlobdlgjfs8 sl sf munlfsfd

kfjfnrgib8 y ;³. ^fjgklûd if jbs nlfdfs giqulrlibs iurgdtf fj ogtrlobdlb.‟ Grtïkujb
9>=. ‚Fj Eufz kltgrç g jgs pgrtfs g udg eudtg kbdkljlgtbrlg, sf÷gjgdib iïg y mbrg pgrg quf
sf vf
vfrl
rl`l`lqu
quf
f ifd
ifdtr
trb
b if
ifjj tì
tìro
rold
ldb
b if bk
bkmb
mb iï
iïgs.
gs. Jgs pg
pgrt
rtfs
fs if
ifnfr
nfrçd
çd kb
kbop
opgrf
grfkfr 
kfr 
pfrsbdgjofdt
pfrsbdgjofdtf,
f, guxlj
guxljlgigs
lgigs pbr il`frf
il`frfdtf
dtf gnbagib. Srfvlg rgtl`lkgklûd
rgtl`lkgklûd if jg sbjlkl
sbjlkltui,
tui, fj
 eufz mgrç jgs rf`jfxlbdfs kbdvfdlfdtfs, g `ld if quf kbdtldõfd jg vlig
kbdyuagj…‟ Grtïkujb 9;3. ‚Kuopjlibs jbs rfqulsltbs gdtfrlbrfs, f ldskrltgs jgs agrgdtïgs
mlpbtfkgrlgs, fd su kgsb, fj eufz ilktgrç jg sfdtfdklg ifdtrb if bkmb iïgs, jg quf
rfsbjvfrç sbnrf tbibs jbs pudtbs ifj kbdvfdlb y sfrç gpfjgnjf.‟ Grtïkujb 9;;. ‚Jg
sfdtfdklg if sfpgrgklûd, jg rfkbdkljlgklûd pbstfrlbr g fjjg y

Sçaldg 79

  g sfdtfd
sfdtfdklg
klg if ilvbrkl
ilvbrklb,
b, sfrçd ldskrl
ldskrltgs
tgs if b`lklb fd fj ^falst
^falstrb
rb Klvl
Klvljj y fd fj if jg
Srbplfigi, pgrg jb kugj fj eufz rfoltlrç, ifdtrb ifj tfrkfrb iïg, kfrtl`lkgklûd fd pgpfj
fspg÷bj
fspg÷bj if jg rfsb
rfsbjuk
juklûd
lûd rfs
rfspfkt
pfktlvg
lvg.‟
.‟ Grtïkujb > if jg Jfy if Yrlnudgjfs if
@goljlg.  "Kbrrfspbdif g jg eurlsilkklûd if jbs Yrlnudgjfs if @goljlg jbs gsudtbs y
kbdt
kbdtrbv
rbvfr
frsl
slgs
gs,, ku
kugj
gjqu
qulfr
lfrg
g qu
quf
f sfg fd jg ku
kugdt
gdtïg
ïg rf
rfjg
jgkl
klbdg
bdgib
ibss kb
kbd…
d… il
ilvb
vbrk
rklb
lb y
sfpgrgklûd…‟
 

KLYG
KLYG IF JF\F[5 Ngs
JF\F[5 Ngsgo
gobs
bs du
dufst
fstrg
rg sb
sbjljlkl
kltu
tui
i fd jb
jbss grt
grtïk
ïkujb
ujbss ld
ldil
ilkg
kgibs
ibs y fd jb
jbss
slaulfdtfs5 Grtïkujb 7, 7> y >= if jg Kbdstltuklûd Sbjïtlkg if jg ^fpõnjlkg y 1=,
1<, 73=,773, 777, 77>, 7>=, 7><, 7;<, 793, 76;,769,766,760,76<,707,70>,70;,709, 706,
700, 701, 70=, 70<, 713,717 ifj Kûilab Klvlj Ifkrftb
Ifkrftb Jfy 730 y 99, 63, 67, 07, 0>, 0;,
1<, 730, 731, 73=, 7>0, ifj 9>0 gj 9;9 ifj Kûilab Srbkfsgj Klvlj y Ofrkgdtlj8 ifj 797,
79>, 79> Nls, 79;, 791 y ifj 717 gj 711 if jg Jfy ifj Bragdlsob Euilklgj .

Sçaldg 76

7. F[WVFOG

EVDYG KBDKLJLGYB^LG
Ifnf
Ifnf if ku
kuop
opjljlrr kb
kbd
d jbs
jbs
Fj eufz kltgrg g jgs pgrtfs g udg
rfqulsltbs fstgnjfklibs fd fj
 eudtg kbdkljlgtbrlg, sf÷gjgdib iïg y
grtïkujb 07 y 9>0 ifj
mbrg pgrg quf sf vfrl`lquf ifdtrb
KSK\
KSK\O
O. [l jg if
ifo
ogd
gdi
ig
IFOGDIG kuopjf kb d tbibs jbs ifj tìroldb if bkmb iïgs slaulfdtfs
g jg prfsfdtgklûd if jg ifogdig8
rfqulsltbs, fj eufz `leg iïg y
ifdtrb if fstg guilfdklg jgs pgrtfs
mbrg
mbrg pgrg
pgrg quf
quf sf jjfv
jjfvf
f g
ifnfd if kbopgrfkfr kgig udg kbd
kgnb jg eudtg kbdkljlgtbrlg
su gn
gnba
bagi
gib.
b. [f prfs
prfsfd
fdttg fj
kbdvfdlb, fj kugj if
ifn
nfr
frç
ç sfr 
 
g rbngi
rbngib
b br fj ufz
ufz rfs
rfs fktl
fktlvb
vb..

Fstg pftlklûd sf

rfsbjv
rfsbjvfrç
frç kbo
kbob
b pud
pudtb
tb

if ifrfkmb prfvlg
[fdtfdklg  Kuop
Kuopjljlib
ibss kb
kbd
d
guilfdklg pbr ibs iïgs
tbibs jbs rfqulsltbs quf jg jfy
g jg btrg pgrtf. fstgnjfkf pgrg quf sì if ud
LD[K^LSKLÛD FD FJ ilvbrklb, fj Eufz ifnf if ilktgr 
^FAL[Y^B sfdtfdklg gj rfspfktb ifdtrb if
Jg sfdtfd
sfdtfdklg
klg if ilv
ilvbrk
brklb,
lb, if bkmb
bkmb iïgs
iïgs y ibdif
ibdif rfsbjv
rfsbjvfrç
frç
sfpgrgklûd
sfpgrgklûd b jg rfkbdkljlgk
rfkbdkljlgklûd
lûd sb
sbnr
nrf
f tb
tbib
ibss jbs
jbs pudt
pudtbs
bs ifj
ifj

pbstfrlbr g fjjg y jg sfdtfdklg kbdv

kbdvfd
fdlb
lb88 Ifsp
Ifspuìs
uìs if sfls
sfls
if ilvbrklb, sfrçd ldskrltgs if ofs
fsfs
fs if mgn gnfr
fr kgu
gussgi
gibb
b`lklb fd fj ^falstrb Klvlj y fd fefk
fefkut
utbr
brlg
lg jg sf
sfdt
dtfd
fdkl
klg
g if
fj.if jg Srbplfigi, pgrg jb kugj sfpgrgklûd,
sfpgrgklûd, kugjqulfrg
kugjqulfrg if jbs
fj eufz
eufz rfol
rfoltl
tlrç
rç,, ifdt
ifdtrb
rb if kûdyuafs pufif pfilr quf sf
tf
tfrk
rkfr
frb
b iïg,
iïg, kfrt
kfrtl`l`lk
lkgk
gklû
lûd
d fd kbdvlfrtg fd ilvbrklb
pgpfj fspg÷bj, if jg rfsbjuklûd
rfspfktlvg. Grt. 9;; KSK\O)

Sçaldg 70

>. F[WVFOG
 

IFOGDIG Kuopjlfdib kbd jbs

rfqulsltbs ifj grkujb 07,9>0 y 9>1 ifj
KSK\O, Fj eufz sf÷gjgrg eudtg
kbdkljlgtbrlg fd ud tìroldb if bkmb iïgs
slaulfdtfs g jg prfsfdtgklûd if jg
ifogdig

EVDYG KBDKLJLGYB^LG, FD JG
KVGJ [F GS^BNG^G FJ
KBDPFDLB S^F[FDYGIB.
OFILIG[ KGVYFJG^F[, gj
igrjf trgoltf g jg sbjlkltui, fj
 eufz pbirg
pbirg ifkrftgr
ifkrftgr jg
suspfdslbd if jg vlig fd
kboud y tbogrg jgs ofiligs
pfrdfdtfs.

[FDYFDKLG, fj Eufz ifnf if
ilktgr sfdtfdklg gj rfspfktb
ifdtrb if bkmb iïgs
Jg sfdtfdklg if ilvbrklb, if
sfpgrgklûd b jg rfkbdkljlgklûd sfrçd
ldskrltgs if b`klb fd fj ^falstrb Klvlj y
fd fj if jg Srbplfigi, pgrg jb kugj fj
 eufz rfolrç,
rfolrç, ifdtrb
ifdtrb if tfrkfrb
tfrkfrb iïg,
kfr`kgklûd fd pgpfj fspg÷bj, if jg
rfsbjuklûd rfspfkvg.

Sçaldg 71

KBDKJV[LBDF[
 

7. Fj ogt
ogtrlobdl
rlobdlb
b fs ud fjfofdtb
fjfofdtb ``udigofd
udigofdtgj
tgj pgr
pgrg
g jg sbkl
sbklfigi
figi y quf pbr ofil
ofilb
b fj
kugj sf krfg kbd `ldfs if prbkrfgr y `brogr udg `goljlg, iftfroldgdib gsï fj
ifsgrrbjjb sbklgj y fkbdûolkb if ud fstgib.

>. Fj ilvb
ilvbrklb
rklb fs df
dfkfsgrlb
kfsgrlb kugdib gonbs
gonbs kûdy
kûdyuafs
uafs ifs
ifsfgd
fgd tfro
tfroldgr
ldgr kbd su vlig

ogrltgj.

;. Fd fj ilvbr
ilvbrklb
klb pbr out
outub
ub kbdsfdt
kbdsfdtlolfd
lolfdtb
tb sf ifnf if agrg
agrgdtlzg
dtlzgrr jbs gjlofdtbs
gjlofdtbs if
jg fspbsg y jbs mlebs prbkrfgibs ifdtrb ifj ogtrlobdlb, gsï kbob jg fiukgklûd y
augrig y kustbilg if jbs mlebs ofdbrfs if figi.

9. Kugdib ssf
f ilsufj
ilsufjvg
vg fj vï
vïdkujb
dkujb o
ogtrlob
gtrlobdlgj
dlgj jjg
g ouefr yg db pbirç ut
utljlzg
ljlzgrr fj
gpfjjlib ifj mbonrf.

6. Fd fj ilv
ilvbrklb
brklb sf i
ifnf
fnf ift
iftfroldg
froldgrr sbnrf fj p
pgtrlo
gtrlobdlb
bdlb y fj ofdgef
ofdgef if jjg
g kgsg.

 Sçaldg 7=

(Nlnjlbarg`ïg) 
 

^f`frfdklgs

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