ID]D XO@ED@]DZ

Xubf md` syuiur torugdp nd`yd iopdmd Daadn WU] dtds joridn md` rdnldt-@yd

dinfr`yd
dinfr`yd idlf mdpdt lo`yoaosdfi
lo`yoaosdfid`
d` ldidadn
ldidadn yd`e loljdnds
loljdnds lo`eo`df
lo`eo`df ‑Zosfik
‑ Zosfik
Ld`dbolo` I7 Mf Audr Eomu`e “.
Wndadw
Wndadwdt
dt md` sdadl
sdadl solked
solked so`d`t
so`d`tfds
fdsdd torgurd
torgurdnid
nid`
` iopdmd
iopdmd jdef`m
jdef`mdd @djf
@djf
Lundll
Lundlldm
dm WDU,
WDU, iopdmd
iopdmd ioaudr
ioaudred
ed md` sdndjdt
sdndjdt`yd
`yd,, sortd
sortd soaurun
soaurun uldt
uldt yd`e
yd`e
so`d`tfdsd tddt mdadl lo`bdad`id` sydrfdt`yd.
Idlf lo`eugdpid` torfld idsfn tfdmd tdrd iopdmd soaurun pfndi yd`e toadn
loljd`tu idlf mdadl lo`yoaosdfid` ldidadn f`f, jdfi sogdrd ad`esu`e ldupu`
tfmdi ad`esu`e.
ad`esu`e. Jfad mdadl po`ydlpdfd`
po`ydlpdfd` ldidadn f`f mftoluid`
mftoluid` nda-nda tfmdi
jorio`d` jdef poljdgd, mo`ed` soedad ioro`mdnd` idlf, idlf lknk` lddc yd`e

sotuaus`yd.
Irftfi md` sdrd` mdrf poljdgd sojdedf ikroisf sd`edt idlf ndrdpid` u`tui
porjdfid` ldidadn f`f iomopd`. Wolked tducfi, nfmdydn md` rdnldt so`d`tfdsd
lo`yortdf iftd solud lo`ubu torgfptd`yd iorfmndd` Daadn WU].
Ekrk`tdak, Ldrot :8:8

Xo`yusu`
 MDC]DZ FWF

ID]D XO@ED@]DZ..........................
XO@ED@]DZ................................................
............................................
..........................................
........................f
....f

MDC]DZ FWF............................................
FWF..................................................................
............................................
..........................................ff
....................ff

JDJ F XO@MDN_A_D@...........................
XO@MDN_A_D@.................................................
............................................
.......................................4
.................4

4.4 Adtdr Joadid`e...

Joadid`e........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
..............
...................
..................4
.........4

4.: Zulusd`
Zulusd` Ldsdadn.....
Ldsdadn..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..............
..................
................4
.......4

4.7 ]ubud`...
]ubud`........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
............
........:
.:

JDJ FF XOLJDNDWD@.........................................................................................7

:.4 Mocf`fsf...
Mocf`fsf........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
...........
................
...............7
.....7
:.: Ik`sop
Ik`sop Ld`dbolo`
Ld`dbolo` Zfsfik
Zfsfik I7.......
I7...........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........7
.....7

:.7 ]okrf
]okrf Xo`yojd
Xo`yojdj
j Iogoadidd
Iogoadidd`
` md` Ld`dbolo
Ld`dbolo`
` I7...
I7......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....=
..=

:.= Cditkr
Cditkr Zfsfik I7 Mfaudr
Mfaudr eomu`e....
eomu`e.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
............
................
.................?
........?

:.? Xoro`g
Xoro`gd`d
d`dd`
d` Zospk`
Zospk` ]orndm
]orndmdp
dp Zfsfik
Zfsfik...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.......
........
........
........
........
.....>
.>

:.3 Gdrd
Gdrd Xo`eo
Xo`eo`md
`mdafd
afd`
` md
md`
` Lk`f
Lk`ftkr
tkrf`e
f`e Zfsfik
Zfsfik I7 Mfau
Mfaudr
dr Eomu
Eomu`e.
`e....
......
......
......
......6
...6

:.5 Xrksos
Xrksos Ld`dbolo`
Ld`dbolo` Zfsfik
Zfsfik Iogoadi
Iogoadidd`
dd` Iorbd....
Iorbd.......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.......
.....44
.44

JDJ FFF XO@_]_X...............................................................................................47

7.4 Iosflpuad`.
Iosflpuad`......
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
...........
.........47
...47

7.: Wdrd`......
Wdrd`...........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
...........
...............4
.........47
7

MDC]DZ X_W]DID..................................
X_W]DID........................................................
..........................................................
....................................4?
4?
 JDJ F
XO@MDN_A_D@

4.4 Adtdr
Adtdr Joadid`
Joadid`e
e
D`eid iogoadidd` iorbd mf F`mk`osfd ldsfn torldsui jurui. Xdmd tdnu`
:84= sdbd, aojfn mdrf sorfju tubun rdtus poiorbd lo`f`eeda mf tolpdt iorbd.
Lo`urut
Lo`urut Bud` Wkldvfd,
Wkldvfd, Mfrbo` FAK, f`mustrf
f`mustrf ik`struisf
ik`struisf torldsui
torldsui pdaf`e
pdaf`e
ro`td`
ro`td` iogoad
iogoadidd
idd`,
`, mffiut
mffiutff mo`ed`
mo`ed` d`ucdi
d`ucditur
tur ldid`d
ldid`d`
` md` lf`uld
lf`uld`
`
(Iklpds, 4/8?/4=). ]fmdi sdbd mf `oedrd-`oedrd jorioljd`e, mf `oedrd ldbu
soidafpu`
soidafpu` iogoadidd`
iogoadidd` iorbd ik`struisf
ik`struisf ldsfn lolorauid`
lolorauid` porndtfd` sorfus.
sorfus.
Xo`o
Xo`oaf
aftfd
tfd`
` yd
yd`e
`e mfadiu
mfadiuid
id`
` kaon
kaon Mucc
Mucc (:
(:88
88>)
>) md
md`
` Da
Davo
voss Mf
Mfdz
dz (:
(:88
88?)
?)
lo`ydtdid` ndsfa d`dafsd stdtfstfi mdrf jojordpd `oedrd-`oedrd lo`u`buiid`
porfstfwd tf`eidt iogoadidd` cdtda pdmd prkyoi ik`struisf dmdadn aojfn tf`eef
mfjd`mf`e rdtd-rdtd u`tui solud f`mustrf, mdadl Wurdbf (:84:).
Iogoadidd` iorbd sorf`e torbdmf difjdt iurd`e mfpo`unf`yd porsydrdtd`
mdad
mdadl
l poad
poadis
isd`
d`dd
dd`
` ioso
iosoad
adld
ldtd
td`
` md`
md` io
ioso
sond
ndtd
td`
` io
iorb
rbd.
d. Mdad
Mdadl
l nd
ndaa f`
f`ff
polorf`tdn sojdedf po`yoao`eedrd @oedrd lolpu`ydf iowdbfjd` u`tui
loljorfid` poraf`mu`ed` iopdmd to`ded iorbd.
Mdnu
Mdnuau
au,, pd
pdrd
rd dn
dnaf
af lo`e
lo`ed`
d`ee
eedp
dp sudt
sudtu
u io
iogo
goadi
adidd`
dd` mf
mfso
sojd
jdji
jid`
d` ka
kaon
on
tf`mdid` poiorbd yd`e sdadn. Woidrd`e d`eedpd` ftu toadn joreosor jdnwd
iogoadidd` iorbd jorsuljor iopdmd cditkr-cditkr kred`fsdsf md` ld`dbolo`.
Xdrd poiorbd md` poedwdf lostf`yd mdpdt mfdrdnid` md` mfik`trka kaon pfndi
ld`dbolo`sonf`eed torgfptd sudtu ioefdtd` iorbd yd`e dld`. Wobdad` mo`ed`
tokrf-tokrf po`yojdj iogoadidd` yd`e torjdru, ldid pfndi ld`dbolo` ndrus
jortd`eeu`ebdwdj torndmdp iosoadldtd` iorbd pdrd poiorbd`yd. ]uafsd` f`f
did` loljdnds pord`d` ld`dbolo` rfsfik I7 mf mdadl eomu`e.

4.: Zulusd`
Zulusd` Ldsdad
Ldsdadn
n
4. Dpd mocf`fsf
mocf`fsf ld`dbolo`
ld`dbolo` rfsfik
rfsfik I7;
:. Jdedfld`di
Jdedfld`didn
dn ik`sop
ik`sop ld`dbolo`
ld`dbolo` rfsfik
rfsfik I7 ;
7. Jdedfld`di
Jdedfld`didn
dn tokrf po`yojdj
po`yojdj iogoadidd`
iogoadidd` md` ld`dbolo`
ld`dbolo` I7 ;

=. Jdedfld`di
Jdedfld`didn
dn cditkr rosfik
rosfik I7 mfaudr
mfaudr eomu`e
eomu`e ZW;

4
 ?. Jdedfld`di
Jdedfld`didn
dn poro`gd`dd`
poro`gd`dd` rospk`
rospk` torndmdp
torndmdp rfsfik
rfsfik ;
3. Jdedfld`di
Jdedfld`didn
dn gdrd po`eo`mdafd`
po`eo`mdafd` md` lk`ftkrf`
lk`ftkrf`e
e rfsfik I7 mfaudr
eomu`e ZW;

5. Jdedfld`di
Jdedfld`didn
dn prksos ld`dbol
ld`dbolo`
o` rfsfik iogoadid
iogoadidd`
d` iorbd ;

4.7 ]ubud`
]ubud`
4. _`tui
_`tui lo`eotnduf
lo`eotnduf mocf`fsf
mocf`fsf ld`dbolo`
ld`dbolo` rfsfik
rfsfik I7.
:. _`tui
_`tui lo`eotdnuf
lo`eotdnuf ik`sop
ik`sop ld`dbolo`
ld`dbolo` rfsfik
rfsfik I7.
7. _`tu
_`tui
i lo`e
lo`eotd
otdnu
nuff tokr
tokrff po
po`y
`yoj
ojdj
dj io
iogo
goadi
adidd
dd`
` md
md`
` ld`d
ld`dbol
bolo`
o`
rfsfik.
=. _`tui
_`tui lo`eotdnuf
lo`eotdnuf cditkr
cditkr rosfik I7
I7 mfaudr
mfaudr eomu`e.
eomu`e.
?. _`tui
_`tui lo`eotdnuf
lo`eotdnuf poro`gd`dd`
poro`gd`dd` rospk`
rospk` torndmdp
torndmdp rfsfik.
3. _`t
_`tui
ui lo`eotdn
lo`eotdnuf
uf gdrd po`eo`md
po`eo`mdafd
afd`
` md` lk`ftkrf
lk`ftkrf`e
`e rfsfik
rfsfik I7
mfaudr eomu`e.
5. _`tui
_`tui lo`eotdnuf
lo`eotdnuf prksos
prksos ldd`bolo`
ldd`bolo` rfsfik iogoadidd`
iogoadidd` iorbd.
iorbd.

:
 JDJ FF
XOLJDNDWD@

:.4 Mocf`f
Mocf`fsf
sf
Ld`dbolo` rfsfik dmdadn prksos po`euiurd` dtdu po`fadfd` rfsfik sortd
po`eoljd`ed` strdtoef po`eoakadnd``yd.

Lo`urut Ld`eiu`oedrd (mdadl Wdyutf, :8472463) iosondtd` iorbd dmdadn

ik`mfsf yd`e jojds mdrf ed`eeud` cfsfi, lo`tda olksf, dtdu rdsd sdift yd`e
mfsojd
mfsojdji
jid`
d` kaon
kaon af`eiu
af`eiu`ed
`ed`
` iorbd.
iorbd. Womd`e
Womd`eid`
id` iosoadl
iosoadldtd
dtd`
` iorbd
iorbd dmdadn
dmdadn
po`edwdsd` torndmdp krd`e, losf`, ldtorfda, md` lotkmo yd`e lo`gdiup
af`eiu`ed` iorbd dedr supdyd poiorbd tfmdi lo`edadlf gomord.

Iosondtd`
Iosondtd` md` Iosoadldtd`
Iosoadldtd` Iorbd (I7) lo`urut Zdlaf (:84723:)
(:84723:) dmdadn
ik`mfsf
ik`mfsf dtdu cditkr yd`e lolpo`edrunf
lolpo`edrunf dtdu mdpdt lolpo`edrunf
lolpo`edrunf iosondtd`
md` iosoadldtd` poiorbd dtdu poiorbd adf` (torldsui poiorbd solo`tdrd md`
ik`trditkr), po`eu`bu`e, dtdu sotfdp krd`e mf tolpdt iorbd.

Ld`d
Ld`dbo
bolo
lo`
` rosfi
rosfik
k I7 dm
dmda
dadn
dn sudt
sudtu
u up
updy
dydd lo`e
lo`eoa
oaka
kadd rfsf
rfsfik
ik u`
u`tu
tui
i
lo`goedn torbdmf`yd iogoadidd` yd` e tfmdi mff`ef`id` sogdrd iklporno`sfc,
toro
toro`g
`gd`
d`dd md
md`
` torst
torstru
ruit
itur
ur md
mdad
adl
l su
sudt
dtu
u io
iosf
sfsto
stold
ld`
` yd
yd`e
`e jd
jdfi
fi.. Wo
Wonf
nf`e
`eed
ed
lolu`eif`id` ld`dbolo` lo`f`eidtid` ndsfa mo`ed` gdrd lo`efmo`tfcfidsf
md` lo`ed`dafs rfsfik yd`e dmd.po`moidtd` ld`dbolo` rfsfik yd`e torstruitur
mdpdt lo`f`eidtid` porjdfid` jorioad`butd`

:.: Ik`sop Ld`dbolo`

Ld`dbolo` Zfsfik I7
Ld`dbo
Ld`dbolo`
lo` Iosoad
Iosoadldt
ldtd`
d` md` Iosond
Iosondtd`
td` Iorbd
Iorbd lorupd
lorupdid`
id` sdtu falu
falu
porfadiu yd`e lo`gdiup dspoi sksfda md` tfmdi toraopds mdrf td`eeu`e bdwdj
io
iosoa
soadl
dldtd
dtd`
` md
md`
` io
ioso
sond
ndtd
td`
` io
iorb
rbdd jd
jdfi
fi md
mdrf
rf soef
soef po
poro`
ro`gd`
gd`dd
dd`
` ldup
ldupu`
u`
po`edljfad` ioputusd` md` kred`fsdsf, jdfi iogoadidd` iorbd, ed`eeud`
iosondtd`,
iosondtd`, ldupu`
ldupu` po`goldrd`
po`goldrd` af`eiu`ed
af`eiu`ed`
` ndrus lorupdid` jdefd` mdrf
jfdyd prkmuisf. Ld`dbolo` I7 pdmd mdsdr`yd lo`gdrf md` lo`eulpuaid`
ioaoldnd` kpordsfk`da yd`e lolu`eif`id` torbdmf`yd iogoadidd`. Nda f`f

mdpdt
mdpdt mfadis
mfadisd`d
d`did`
id` mo`ed`
mo`ed` lo`eu`
lo`eu`eid
eidpid
pid`
` sojdj
sojdj sudtu
sudtu iogoadi
iogoadidd`
dd`,, md`

7
lo`oaft
lo`oaftff dpdidn
dpdidn po`eo`
po`eo`mda
mdafd`
fd` sogdrd
sogdrd gorldt
gorldt mdpdt
mdpdt mfadiu
mfadiuid`
id` dtdu
dtdu tfmdi.
tfmdi.
Iosdadnd`
Iosdadnd` kpordsfk`da
kpordsfk`da yd`e iurd`e
iurd`e ao`eidp,
ao`eidp, ioputusd`
ioputusd` yd`e tfmdi
tfmdi topdt,
sdadn pornftu`ed`, md` ld`dbolo` yd`e iurd`e topdt mdpdt lo`fljuaid`

rfsfik torbdmf`yd iogoadidd` Ld`dbolo` Iosoadldtd` md` Iosondtd` Iorbd

(LI7
(L I7)) dm
dmda
dadn
dn jd
jdef
efd`
d` md
mdrf
rf sfstol
sfstol ld`d
ld`dbo
bolo
lo`
` sogdrd
sogdrd io
iosoa
soaur
urun
und`
d` yd
yd`e
`e
loafpu
loafputf
tf struitu
struiturr kred`f
kred`fsdsf
sdsf,, poro`g
poro`gd`d
d`dd`,
d`, td`ee
td`eeu`e
u`e bdwdj,
bdwdj, poadisd
poadisd`dd
`dd`,
`,
prksomur, prksos md` suljor mdyd yd`e mfjutunid` jdef po`eoljd`ed`,
po`ordpd`, po`gdpdfd`, po`eidbfd` md` poloafndrdd` I7 mdadl rd`eid
po`eo`mdafd` rfsfik yd`e joridftd` mo`ed` ioefdtd` iorbd, eu`d torgfptd`yd
tolpdt iorbd yd`e dld`, ocfsfo` md` prkmuitfc. Ik`sop rdsfk`da ]ktda Wdcoty
Gk`trk
Gk`trkaa dmdadn
dmdadn sudtu
sudtu po`ef`
po`ef`toe
toerdsf
rdsfd`
d` tf`mdi
tf`mdid`
d` ld`dbol
ld`dbolo`
o` md` tf`mdi
tf`mdid`
d`
poadisd`dd` yd`e sf`orefs u`tui lolprklksfid` sudtu prksos ik`struisf

yd`e dld` (Wurdbf, :84=). Dmd jd`ydi po`moidtd` mdadl ld`dbolo` I7,
mfd`tdrd`yd lo`urut KNWDW 4>884, md` lo`urut ]TL mf ld`d iosoadldtd`
lorupdid` sudtu pusdt md` ckius f`toerda mdadl prkerdl po`eo`mdafd` lutu
torpdm
torpdmuyd
uyd`e
`e ndrus
ndrus mftf`e
mftf`eidt
idtid`
id` sogdrd
sogdrd torus
torus - lo`oru
lo`oruss u`tui
u`tui lolo`u
lolo`unf
nf
iopudsd` poad`eed` (f`tor`-oistor`).
]ubud`
]ubud` mdrf
mdrf ld`dbol
ld`dbolo`
o` rfsfik
rfsfik dmdadn
dmdadn u`tui
u`tui lo`eo`
lo`eo`daf
daf rfsfik
rfsfik mdadl
mdadl
sojudn prkyoi md` lo`eoljd`
lo`eoljd`eid`
eid` strdtoef u`tui
u`tui lo`eurd`ef
lo`eurd`ef dtdu jdnid`
jdnid`
lo`enf
lo`enf`md
`mdrf`
rf`yd,
yd, mfadf`
mfadf` sfsf bued
bued ndrus
ndrus mfgdrf
mfgdrf gdrd u`tui
u`tui loldis
loldisflda
fldaid`
id`
poaud`e yd`e dmd (Ufmold`, :84:). Mdadl lo`gdpdf tubud` torsojut

mfporauid` sudtu prksos mf mdadl lo`d`ed`f rfsfik-rfsfik yd`e dmd, sonf`eed

mdadl po`d`ed`d` rfsfik tfmdi did` torbdmf iosdadnd`. Xrksos torsojut d`tdrd
adf` dmdadn fmo`tfcfidsf, po`euiurd` rfsfik md` po`d`ed`d` rfsfik.

:.7 ]okrf Xo`yojdj

Xo`yojdj Iogoadidd`
Iogoadidd` md` Ld`dbolo`
Ld`dbolo` I7
Iogoadidd` dmdadn iobdmfd` loruefid` yd`e tfmdi mfro`gd`did`, tfmdi
tormued, tfmdi mfndrdpid` sortd tfmdi dmd u`sur ioso`edbdd`(Nf`zo, :886).
Dmd jojordpd tokrf yd`e lo`boadsid` po`yojdj sudtu iogoadidd`. Mdnuau
tokrf po`yojdj iogoadidd` lold`md`e jdnwd iogoadidd` mfsojdjid` kaon
tf`mdid` poiorbd yd`e sdadn (lfsda`yd pdmd ]no Dggfmo`t-Xrk`o`oss ]nokry).

=
Wolo`bdi mfio`daid``yd ]no Gndf`-kc-Ovo`ts ]nokry, ]no Mklf`k ]nokry,
md` ]no Mfstrdg
Mfstrdgtfk
tfk`
` ]nokry
]nokry,, ldid
ldid pfndi
pfndi kred`f
kred`fsdsf
sdsf md` ld`dbo
ld`dbolo`
lo`yd`
yd`e
e
mfd`eedp
mfd`eedp jorpord`
jorpord` sojdedf
sojdedf po`yojdjsu
po`yojdjsudtu
dtu iogoadidd`.
iogoadidd`. D`eedpd`
D`eedpd` to`td`e
to`td`e

iogoadidd` iorbd yd`e jorsuljor iopdmd tf`mdid` yd`e tfmdi dld` yd`e
mfadiuid` poiorbd toadn joreosor mo`ed` d`eedpd` jdnwd iogoadidd` iorbd
jorsuljor iopdmd cdgtkr-cditkr kred`fsdsf md` ld`dbolo` (D`mf, :84?).
Xfndi
Xfndi ld`dbo
ld`dbolo`
lo` ndrus
ndrus jortd`
jortd`ee
eeu`e
u`ebdw
bdwdj
dj torndmd
torndmdp
p iosoad
iosoadldt
ldtd`.
d`. Xdrd
Xdrd
poiorbd md` poedwdf lostf`yd mdpdt mfdrdnid` md` mfik`trka kaon pfndi
ld`dbolo` sonf`eed torgfptd sudtu ioefdtd` iorbd yd`e dld`. Xdmd tokrf yd`e
torjdru ldif` torafndt jdnwd po`yojdj iogoadidd` iorbd soldif` iklpaoi.
Ld`dbolo` Iosoadldtd` md` Iosondtd` Iorbd (LI7) dmdadn jdefd` mdrf
sfstol
sfstol ld`dbol
ld`dbolo`
o` sogdrd
sogdrd iosoau
iosoaurun
rund`
d` yd`e
yd`e loafpu
loafputf
tf struitu
struiturr kred`f
kred`fsdsf
sdsf,,

poro`gd`dd`, td`eeu`e bdwdj, poadisd`dd`, prksomur, prksos md` suljor

md
mdyd
yd yd
yd`e
`e mfju
mfjutu
tuni
nid`
d` jd
jdef
ef po
po`e
`eol
oljd
jd`e
`ed`
d`,, po
po`o
`ordp
rdpd`
d`,, po
po`g
`gdp
dpdf
dfd`
d`,,
po`eidbfd` md` poloafndrdd` I7 mdadl rd`eid po`eo`mdafd` rfsfik yd`e
joridftd` mo`ed` ioefdtd` iorbd, eu`d torgfptd`yd tolpdt iorbd yd`e dld`,
ocfsfo`
ocfsfo` md` prkmui
prkmuitfc
tfc.. Ik`sop
Ik`sop rdsfk`d
rdsfk`daa ]ktda
]ktda Wdcoty
Wdcoty Gk`trk
Gk`trkaa dmdadn
dmdadn sudtu
sudtu
po`ef`toerdsfd` tf`mdid` ld`dbolo` md` tf`mdid` poadisd`dd` yd`e sf`orefs
u`tui lolprklksfid` sudtu prksos ik`struisf yd`e dld` (Wurdbf, :84=).
Dmd jd`ydi po`moidtd` mdadl ld`dbolo` I7, mfd`tdrd`yd lo`urut KNWDW
4>884, md` lo`urut ]TL mf ld`d iosoadldtd` lorupdid` sudtu pusdt md`

ckiu
ckiuss f`
f`to
toer
erda
da md
mdad
adl
l prprke
kerdl
rdl po
po`e
`eo`
o`md
mdaf
afd`
d` lutu
lutu to
torp
rpdm
dmuy
uyd`
d`e
e nd
ndru
russ
mftf`eidtid` sogdrd torus - lo`orus u`tui lolo`unf iopudsd` poad`eed`
(f`tor`-oistor`).

:.= Cditkr Zfsfik

Zfsfik I7 Mfaudr eomu`e
eomu`e
Wogdrd edrfs josdr jdndyd yd`e mfndmdpf mdadl mdpdt mfekak`eid` mdadl 2

4. Zud`
Zud`e
e jd`e
jd`eu`
u`d`
d` md`
md` ndad
ndadld
ld`
`
Zud`e
Zud`e jd`eu
jd`eu`d`
`d` md` ndadld
ndadld`
` 2 solud
solud rud`e/
rud`e/u`f
u`ftt md` ndadld
ndadld`
`
yd`e dmd mdadl jdtds pdedr (jd`eu`d` cfsfi md` ioao`eidpd``yd )
yd`e mfporeu`did` u`tui jorjdedf ioporaud` md` ioefdtd` eomu`e.

?
:. Af`e
Af`eiu
iu`e
`ed`
d` jd
jd`e
`eu`
u`d`
d`..
Af`eiu`ed` jd`eu`d` eomu`e ndrus lolpu`ydf jdtds yd`e boads,
mfao`eidpf mo`ed` pdedr yd`e iudt md` tfmdi lolu`eif`id` krd`e

dtdu jf`dtd`e poafndrdd` ioaudr ldsui mo`ed` jojds

7. Af`eiu
Af`eiu`ed
`ed`` jd`eu`d
jd`eu`d`` ndrus
ndrus jojds mdrf
mdrf jd`bfr.
jd`bfr.
Af`eiu
Af`eiu`ed
`ed`
` jd`eu`
jd`eu`d`
d` eomu`e
eomu`e ndrus
ndrus jojds
jojds mdrf
mdrf jd`bfr
jd`bfr,, bfid
bfid
jorakidsf mf mdordn rdwd` jd`bfr ndrus lo`yomfdid`
cdsfaftds/toi`kakef u`tui lo`edtdsf`yd.
=. Af`e
Af`eiu
iu`e
`ed`
d` nd
ndru
russ jo
jojd
jdss md
mdrf
rf dsdp
dsdp rk
rkik
iki,
i, tfmd
tfmdi
i jo
jorm
rmoj
oju,
u, tfmd
tfmdi
i
jogoi, dtdu tfmdi tormdpdt eo`d`ed` dfr, md` mfjudt ad`mdf lo`ubu
io sdaurd
sdaurd`
` torjui
torjuidd dtdu tortutu
tortutup,
p, torsomf
torsomfdd aujd`e
aujd`e po`orf
po`orfld
ld dfr
ldsui md` mfsosudfid` mo`ed` auds ndadld`.

?. Xo`gdndydd`
Xo`gdndydd` Cditkr-Cdit
Cditkr-Cditkr
kr Zfsfik
Zfsfik I7 mf
mf Audr
Audr Eomu`e
Eomu`e
bdaur pobdad` idif ndrus guiup tord`e, af`eiu`ed` jd`eu`d`
eomu`e ndrus mfao`eidpf po`ord`ed` mo`ed` f`to`sftds gdndyd yd`e
gu
guiu
iup
p toru
torutd
tdld
ld pdmd
pdmd dr
drod
od mo
mo`e
`ed`
d` jd
jdyd
yd`e
`ed`
d` iu
iudt
dt md
md`
` yd
yd`e
`e
lo`endmdp gdndyd yd`e lo`yfaduid`.
3. Iojfsf`ed`
torbdmf`yd
torbdmf`yd ju`yf
ju`yf yd`e tfmdi mfiono`mdi
mfiono`mdiff sonf`eed
sonf`eed lo`eed`eeu
lo`eed`eeu
dtdu loljdndydid` iosondtd`. Mo`ed` lo`d`dl pknk` (eroo`
joat), lo`f`eefid` toljki md` lo`f`eefid` td`dn (juift judtd`)

yd`e jorcu`esf u`tui

u`tui po`yoidtd`/ po`yordpd` jfsf`e.
5. Iojorsf
sfn
nd`
ndadld`
ndadld` jojds mdrf jdndyd md` rfsfik
rfsfik lf`flul
lf`flul u`tui torbdmf`yd
torbdmf`yd
f`coisf sfad`e, ldsdadn iosondtd` md` iosoadldtd` iorbd
>. Wdaurd
Wdaurd`
` dfr afljdn
afljdn mklostf
mklostfi
i md` afljdn
afljdn lomfs
lomfs ndrus tortut
tortutup
up md`
torpfsdn,
torpfsdn, ldsf`e-ldsf`e
ldsf`e-ldsf`e mfnuju`ei
mfnuju`eid`
d` ad`esu`e
ad`esu`e mo`ed` f`stdadsf
f`stdadsf
po`ekadnd` dfr afljdn.
6. Auds
Auds adnd`
adnd` jd`eu`d
jd`eu`d`
` md` ndadld`
ndadld` ndrus
ndrus mfsosu
mfsosudfi
dfid`
d` mo`ed`
mo`ed` auds
adnd` iosoaurund`,sonf`eed torsomfd tolpdt pdrifr yd`e loldmdf

md` mfao`eidpf mo`ed` rdlju pdrifr

3
48. Mf tolpdt
tolpdt pdrifr
pdrifr,, ndadld
ndadld`,
`, rud`e
rud`e tu`eeu
tu`eeu md` tolpdt
tolpdt-tol
-tolpdt
pdt
torto
torto`t
`tu
u yd
yd`e
`e lo`e
lo`end
ndsfa
sfaid
id`
` sd
sdlp
lpdn
dn nd
ndru
russ mf
mfsom
somfdi
fdid`
d` to
tolp
lpdt
dt
sdlpdn.

44
44.. Af`e
Af`eiu
iu`e
`ed`
d`,, ru
rud`
d`e
e md
md`
` jd`e
jd`eu`
u`d`
d` eoeomu
mu`e
`e nd
ndru
russ so
soada
adau
u md
mdad
adl
l
iodmdd`
iodmdd` jorsfn md`
md` torsomfd
torsomfd cdsfaftds sd`ftdsf
sd`ftdsf sogdrd iudaftds
iudaftds md`
iud`tftds
iud`tftds yd`e lolo`unf
lolo`unf porsydrdtd`
porsydrdtd` iosondtd`
iosondtd` sonf`eed
sonf`eed tfmdi
lolu
lolu`e
`eif
if`i
`id`
d` so
sojd
jded
edff to
tolp
lpdt
dt jo
joro
ro`d
`d`e
`e md
md`
` jo
jori
riol
oljd
jd`e
`e
jfdi`ydsord`eed, jf`dtd`e po`eordt, md` jf`dtd`e po`eed`eeu
adf``yd.
4:. Bdaur adau af`tds pobdad`
pobdad` idif md` bdaur io`mdrdd` ndrus mfpfsdnid`.
Bdaur pobdad` idif 2 aojdr, tfmdi afgf`, lo`ediklkmdsf
lo`ediklkmdsf po`yd`md`e
gdgdt, lolfafif rdlju dtdu ldrid yd`e boads, jojds po`endad`e

md` lolfafif roa pold`mu.

Bdaur io`mdrdd` 2 guiup aojdr, ik`struisf iudt, tfmdi joraujd`e,
mrdf`dso
mrdf`dso jdfi, lolfafif
lolfafif poljdt
poljdtds
ds iogopdtd` (pkafsf
(pkafsf tfmur),ldri
tfmur),ldridd
bdad` boads, lolfafif td`md potu`bui tf`eef dtdu aojdr ldisflul,
lolu
lolu`e
`eif
if`i
`id`
d` tftf
tftfi
i po
poraf
raf`t
`tdsd
dsd`
` md
md`
` pd
pdri
rifr,
fr, lo`y
lo`yom
omfd
fdid
id`
`
po`yojrd`ed` jdef pobdad` idif
47. Iototd
Iototdpd`
pd` yd`e
yd`e mfdtur
mfdtur kaon
kaon tno o`vfrk
o`vfrk`lo
`lo`t
`t prktog
prktogtfk
tfk`
` dgt 4668
4668
lo`mocf`fsfid` 2
 Xkau
Xkautd`
td` 2 aflj
afljdn
dn pd
pdmd
mdtt mf
mfju
jud`
d`e
e io td
td`d
`dn,
n,af
aflj
ljdn
dn gdfr
gdfr

mfjud`e
mfjud` e io td`dn
td`dn dtdu sdaurd`
sdaurd` dfr, mfjud`
mfjud`e
e io dtlksc
dtlkscfr,
fr,
jfsf`e mdadl iklu`ftds ldsydrdidt
 Afljdn torio`mdaf 2 afljdn ruldn td`eed, afljdn f`mustrf,
afljdn usdnd iklorsfda
 Af
Aflj
ljdn
dn inus
inusus
us 2 aflj
afljdn
dn to
tori
rio`
o`md
mdaf
af yd
yd`e
`e jo
jorj
rjdn
dndy
dydd
sonf`eed loljutunid` prksomur poljud`ed`
poljud`ed` inusus
inusus
4=. Irftorfd
Irftorfd afljdn jorjdndyd
jorjdndyd..
 Mdpdt lo`ydad/lumdn lo`ydad

 Frftd`

 Jorjdndyd

5
  Jordgu`

 Idrsf`keo`fi

 Ikrksfc

 Xrkmui kjdt-kjdtd` yd`e nd`yd mfrosopid`

:.? Xoro`gd`dd`
Xoro`gd`dd` Zospk` ]orndmdp Zfsfik
Zfsfik
D. Zf
Zfsf
sfik
ik Xksf
Xksftf
tfcc
Zfsfik
Zfsfik pksftfc dmdadn rfsfik
rfsfik yd`e lu`eif`
lu`eif` torbdmf
torbdmf md` lorupdid`
lorupdid`
poaud`e u`tui loljorfid` ld`cddt torndmdp sudtu prkyoi. Wtrdtoef u`tui
rfsfik pksftfc d`tdrd adf`2
4. Oxp
xpak
akft
ft 2 st
strd
rdto
toe
ef u`tui
tui lolds
oldstf
tfi
id` jdn
dnwd
wd ioso
iosol
lpdt
dtd`
d` (rfsf
(rfsfi
ik
pksftfc) mdpdt torodafsdsf. Gk`tkn2 lo`uedsid` WML yd`e aojfn
jorjdidt u`tui lo`eurd`ef wditu po`yoaosdfd` dtdu lo`yomfdid`
lutu aojfn jdfi mdrf yd`e mfro`gd`did`.
:. Wndr
Wndroo 2 daki
dakids
dsff iop
iopol
olfa
fafi
fid`
d` io
iop
pdm
dmdd pfn
pfndi
di io tfe
tfed yd`
yd`e
e lol
lolfafi
fafiff
ioldlp
ioldlpud`
ud` torjdf
torjdfi
i lo`d`e
lo`d`eidp
idp poaud`
poaud`e
e ld`cddt
ld`cddt prkyoi
prkyoi.. Gk`tkn
Gk`tkn22
spogfda purpkso gklpd`y, bkf`t vo`turo.
7. O`gn
O`gnd`
d`go
go 2 lolk
lolkmf
mfcf
cfid
idsf
sf ui
uiur
urd`
d` io
iosol
solpd
pdtd
td`
` mo
mo`e
`ed`
d` lo`f
lo`f`e
`eid
idti
tid`
d`
poaud`e md` mdlpdi pksftfc mo`ed` lo`efmo`tfcfidsf md`
loldisfldaid` po`eo`mdaf iu`gf mdrf rfsfik jormdlpdi pksftfc.
J. Zfsf
Zfsfik
ik @oe
@oedt
dtfc
fc
Zfsfik @oedtfc dmdadn rfsfik yd`e lu`eif` torbdmf md` bfid torbdmf
mdpdt
mdpdt loljor
loljorfid
fid`
` mdlpdi
mdlpdi jurui
jurui md` loruef
loruefid`
id` u`tui
u`tui sudtu
sudtu prkyoi
prkyoi..
Wtrdtoef u`tui rfsfik `oedtfc d`tdrd adf`2
4. Dvk
Dvkfm 2 up
updyd
dyd u`
u`tu
tui
i lo`
lo`go
goe
edn rfs
rfsfi
fik
k mo`
mo`ed
ed`
` gdrd
gdrd lo`
lo`en
eno`
o`tf
tfid
id`
`
di
ditf
tfvf
vftd
tdss dtdu
dtdu ik
ik`m
`mfsf
fsf yd
yd`e
`e md
mdpd
pdtt lolj
loljorf
orfid
id`
` rfsfi
rfsfik.
k. _pdy
_pdydd f`
f`ff
mfadiuid` bfid tfmdi dmd rospk` rfsfik yd`e sosudf u`tui lo`d`ed`f
rfsfik yd`e mfporifrdid`.
:. ]r
]rd`
d`sc
scor
or 2 rosp
rospk`
k` rf
rfsf
sfik
ik yd`e
yd`e mfad
mfadiu
iuid
id`
` mo
mo`e
`ed`
d` updy
updydd lo`e
lo`eur
urd`
d`ef
ef
croiu
croiuo`
o`sf
sf dtdu
dtdupu
pu`
` md
mdlp
lpdi
di rf
rfsfi
sfik
k mo
mo`e
`ed`
d` gd
gdrd
rd lo`t
lo`trd`
rd`sco
scorr dtdu
dtdu
loljdef pkrsf rfsfik mo`ed` pfndi adf` mo`ed` gdrd loljudt dsurd`sf

>
 dtdu loadiu
loadiuid`
id` kutsku
kutskurgo
rgo pdmd
pdmd ditfvf
ditfvftds
tds yd`e
yd`e mfpori
mfporifrdi
frdid`
d` mdpdt
mdpdt
loljorfid` rfsfik.
7. Lftf
Lftfed
edto
to 2 load
loadiu
iuid
id`
` tf`m
tf`mdi
did`
d` po`e
po`eur
urd`
d`ed
ed`
` po
poau
aud`
d`e
e dt
dtdu
du mdlp
mdlpdi
di

mdrf ditfvftds rfsfik yd`e mdpdt loruefid`.

:.3 Gdrd Xo`eo`mdafd`

Xo`eo`mdafd` md` Lk`ftkrf`e
Lk`ftkrf`e Zfsfik I7 Mfaudr Eomu`e

4) Oaflf`dsf ‗ lolkmfcfidsf
lolkmfcfidsf mosdf` u`tui lo`enfad`e
lo`enfad`eid`
id` jdndyd9
jdndyd9
lfsda`yd, lolporio`daid` pord`eidt lo`ed`eidt loid`fi u`tui
lo`enfad`eid` po`d`ed`d` jdndyd ld`uda9

:) Wujtftusf ‗ po`eed`tf jdnd` iurd`e jorjdndyd dtdu lo`eurd`ef

o`oref sfstol (lfsda`yd, lo`uru`id` ioiudtd`, dlporo, toid`d`,
sunu, maa)9

7) Ik`tr
Ik`trka
ka toi`fi
toi`fi / Xord`
Xord`gd
gd`ed` ‗ lo`ef`
`ed` lo`ef`stda
stda sfstol
sfstol vo`tfa
vo`tfadsf
dsf,,
losf` po`bdedd`, f`torakgi, maa.

=) Ik`tr
Ik`trka
ka dmlf`f
dmlf`fst
strdtfc ‗
rdtfc td
td`
`md
md-t
-td`
d`m
md io
ioso
soad
adl
ldt
dtd`
d`,, md
mdor
ordn
dn
jorjdndyd td`md, td`md-td`md cktk-aulf`osgo`t, td`md u`tui trktkdr
pobdad` idif, porf`edtd` sfro`o / adlpu, dadrl, prksomur
iosoadldtd`,
iosoadldtd`, f`spoisf pordadtd`, ik`trka disos, sfstol yd`e dld`,
po`d`mdd`, md` fzf` iorbd, maa.

?) Dadtt Xoaf`m
Dad Xoaf`mu`e
u`e Mfrf (DXM) ‗ idgdld
Mfrf (DXM) idgdldtd
td sdcoty,
sdcoty, poraf`
poraf`mu`
mu`ed`
ed`

po`mo`edrd`, poaf`mu`e wdbdn,

wdbdn, rospfrdtkr, md` sdru`e td`ed`.
_lul`yd
_lul`yd tfed tf`eidt
tf`eidt portdld
portdld dmdadn pdaf`e mff`ef`id`,
mff`ef`id`, `dlu`
tfed tf`eidt
tf`eidt torsojut tfmdi soadau lu`eif`
lu`eif` u`tui mftordpid
mftordpid`.
`. Mdadl
lo`ordp
lo`ordpid`
id` nfrdri
nfrdrif,
f, D`md
D`md ndrus
ndrus lolpor
lolportfl
tfljd`
jd`eid
eid`
` jfdyd
jfdyd roadtfc
roadtfc,,
ld`cddt po`eurd`ed` rfsfik, md` iod`mdad` mdrf pfafnd` yd`e torsomfd.
Mdadl loljd`eu` md` lolfafn ik`trka, ldsfn jd`ydi nda yd`e porau
mfportfljd`eid`, mfd`tdrd`yd2

6
 Iojutund` u`tui ikljf`dsf ik`trka, lo`eedju`eid` u`sur-u`sur
mdr
drff nfr
frdr
drif
if mf dtds
dtds (lfs
(lfsda
da`
`yd, por
ord`
d`gd
gd`
`ed
ed`
` md` ik
ik`
`trk
trka
dmlf`fstrdtfc),

 Loljd`eu` prditfi yd`e jdfi mdadl po`eo`mdafd` jdndyd torto`tu

yd
yd`e
`e mfpo
mfport
rtfl
fljd
jd`e
`eid
id`,
`, jo
jord
rdmd
mdpt
ptdsf
dsf jo
joio
iorb
rbdd u`
u`tu
tui
i f`
f`mf
mfvf
vfmu
mu
(lfsda`yd, u`tui lolpornftu`eid` ioldlpud` lo`tda md` cfsfi
f`mfvfmu),

 Lo`edljfa iou`tu`ed` mdrf ioldbud` toi`fs u`tui lo`f`eidtid`

ik`trka,

 Lo`eeu
Lo`eeu`di
`did`
d` ad`eid
ad`eidn-a
n-ad`e
d`eidn
idn yd`e
yd`e loaf`m
loaf`mu`e
u`eff solud
solud krd`e
krd`e
(lfsda`
(lfsda`yd,
yd, mo`ed`
mo`ed` lolfaf
lolfafn
n ik`trk
ik`trkaa roidyd
roidydsd
sd yd`e
yd`e loaf`m
loaf`mu`e
u`eff

so
solu
ludd kr
krd`
d`e
e mf soift
soiftdr
dr jd
jdnd
ndyd
yd md
mdrf
rfpd
pdmd
md lo`e
lo`eeu
eu`d
`did
id`
` Da
Dadt
dt
Xoaf`mu`e Mfrf),

 Xorfadiu ld`usfd md` dpdidn uiurd` ik`trka torto`tu did` mftorfld

md` mdpdt mfadisd`did` sogdrd ocoitfc,

 ]fpo mdsdr ioededad` ld`usfd/nuld`

ld`usfd/ nuld` orrkr (lfsda`yd, ioededad`
somornd`d mdrf tf`mdid` sorf`e mfuad`e, po`yflpd`ed` lolkrf dtdu
porndtfd`, iurd`e`yd poldndld` dtdu iosdadnd` po`fadfd`, md`
poad`eedrd` dturd` dtdu prksomur) md` gdrd lo`goedn`yd,

 Iojutu
Iojutund`
nd` u`tui
u`tui iolu`e
iolu`eif`
if`d`
d` pordtu
pordturd`
rd` td`eed
td`eedp
p mdrurd
mdrurdtt jfad
jfad
po`eo`mdafd` rfsfik ededa,

 Xkto`s
Xkto`sff iurd`e
iurd`e`yd
`yd po`eo`
po`eo`dad
dad`
` torndmd
torndmdp
p tolpdt
tolpdt iorbd,
iorbd, gk`tkn
gk`tkn22
vfsftkr dtdu porsk`fa ik`trditkr.

Wotoadn ik`trka toadn mfto`tuid`, kred`fsdsf mdpdt lolprfkrftdsid`

tf`mdid` u`tui loadisd`did``yd. Mdadl prfkrftds tf`mdid`, kred`fsdsf
ndru
ndruss lolp
lolpor
ornf
nftu
tu`e
`eid
id`
` pkto
pkto`s
`sff po
po`e
`eur
urd`
d`ed
ed`
` rfsf
rfsfik
ik ik
ik`t
`trk
rkaa
mfro`g
mfro`gd`d
d`did`
id`.. Mdadl
Mdadl jojordp
jojordpdd idsus,
idsus, porau
porau u`tui
u`tui lolkmf
lolkmfcfi
cfidsf
dsf
ditfvftds iorbd sdlpdf po`eo`mdafd` rfsfik mf tolpdt dtdu lo`ordpid`

po`eo`mdafd` rfsfik solo`tdrd sdlpdf tf`mdid` yd`e aojfn ocoitfc

48
 mfsoaosdfid` ‗ lfsda`yd, po`eeu`dd` lo`mo`edr poraf`mu`ed` sojdedf
ad`eidn solo`tdrd sdlpdf suljor iojfsf`ed` mdpdt mfnfad`eid`, dtdu
ditfvf
ditfvftds
tds iorbd
iorbd mfpfsd
mfpfsdnid
nid`
` u`tui
u`tui lo`eur
lo`eurd`e
d`eff pdpdrd
pdpdrd`
` iojfsf
iojfsf`ed
`ed`.
`.

ik`trkaa solo`t
ik`trk solo`tdrd
drd tfmdi
tfmdi ndrus
ndrus mfd`ee
mfd`eedp
dp sojded
sojdedff po`eed
po`eed`tf
`tf bd`eid
bd`eid
pd`bd`e u`tui ad`eidn-ad`eidn
ad`eidn-ad`eidn po`eo`mdafd` rfsfik yd`e aojfn ocoitfc.

Woaoisf
Woaoisf md` poadis
poadisd`d
d`dd`
d` ik`trk
ik`trkaa dmdadn
dmdadn jdefd`
jdefd` pdaf`e
pdaf`e po`tf`
po`tf`e
e
mdrf Wfstol Ld`dbolo` I7,
I7, tdpf ftu tfmdi guiup u`tui loljudt`yd
joiorbd. Ocoi mdrf flpaolo`tdsf ik`trka ndrus mfpd`tdu u`tui
lo`o`t
lo`o`tuid
uid`
` dpdidn
dpdidn sumdn
sumdn lo`gdp
lo`gdpdf
df ndsfa
ndsfa yd`e
yd`e mff`e
mff`ef`i
f`id`,
d`, md`
kred`fsdsf ndrus soadau lo`eobdr iolu`eif`d` dmd`yd ik`trka jdru
yd`e aojfn ocoitfc md` aojfn akw gkst.

:.5 Xrksos Ld`dbolo`

Ld`dbolo` Zfsfik Iogoadidd` Iorbd
Iorbd
Xrksos yd`e mfadauf mdadl ld`dbolo` rfsfik dmdadn 2
D. Xoro`
Xoro`gd
gd`d
`dd`
d` Ld`d
Ld`dbo
bolo
lo`
` Zfsfi
Zfsfik
k
Xoro`gd`dd` loafputf ad`eidn lolutusid` jdedfld`d lo`moidtf
md` loro`gd`did` ditfvftds ld`dbolo` rfsfik u`tui prkyoi.
J. Fm
Fmo`
o`tf
tfcf
cfid
idsf
sf Zfsf
Zfsfik
ik
]dnd
]dndpd
pd`
` soad`
soad`bu
but`
t`yd
yd md
mdrf
rf pr
prks
ksos
os fm
fmo`
o`tf
tfcf
cfid
idsf
sf rfsfi
rfsfik
k dm
dmda
dadn
dn
lo`e
lo`eo`
o`daf
daf bo`f
bo`fs-b
s-bo`
o`fs
fs rfsfi
rfsfik
k yd
yd`e
`e lu`e
lu`eif
if`
` md
md`
` ulul
ulul`y
`ydd
mfndmdpf kaon sotfdp poiorbd.
G. D`da
D`dafs
fsfs
fs Zfs
Zfsfi
fik
k Iud
Iudaf
aftdt
tdtfc
fc
D`dafsfs iudaftdtfc mdadl ld`dbolo` rfsfik dmdadn prksos lo`fadf
(dssosslo`t) iolu`eif`d` mdrf rfsfik yd`e sumdn mffmo`tfcfidsf.
Xr
Xrks
ksos
os f`
f`ff mfadi
mfadiui
uid`
d` mo
mo`e
`ed`
d` lo`y
lo`yus
usu`
u` rfsfi
rfsfik
k jo
jorm
rmdsd
dsdri
rid`
d`
ocoi`yd torndmdp tubud` prkyoi.
M. D`da
D`dafs
fsfs
fs Zfsf
Zfsfik
ik Iud
Iud`t
`tft
ftdt
dtfc
fc
Xrksos fmo`tfcfidsf sogdrd `ulorfi prkjdjfaftds mdrf sotfdp rfsfik
md` ik`soiuo`sf`yd torndmdp tubud` prkyoi.
O. Xoro`g
Xoro`gd`d
d`dd`
d` Zospk`
Zospk` Zfsfik
Zfsfik

44
 Zfsi
Zfsi rospk`
rospk`so
so pad``f
pad``f`e
`e dmdadn
dmdadn prksos
prksos yd`e
yd`e mfadiu
mfadiuid`
id` u`tui
u`tui
lolf`fldafsdsf tf`eidt rfsfik yd`e mfndmdpf sdlpdf jdtds yd`e
mdpdt mftorfld.

C. Xo`eo`
Xo`eo`mda
mdafd`
fd` md`
md` Lk`ft
Lk`ftkrf
krf`e
`e Zfsfi
Zfsfik
k
Ad`e
Ad `eid
idn
n f`f
f`f dmda
dmdadn
dn pr
prks
ksos
os lo`e
lo`edw
dwds
dsff rfsf
rfsfik
ik yd`e
yd`e su
sumd
mdn
n
mffmo`tfcfidsf, lolk`ftkr rfsfik yd`e torsfsd, md`
lo`efmo`tfc
lo`efmo`tfcfidsfi
fidsfid`
d` rfsfik jdru, loldstfid`
loldstfid` poadisd`dd`
poadisd`dd` rfsi
ld`d
ld`deo
eolo
lo`t
`t pad`
pad` md
md`
` lo`e
lo`eov
ovdau
daudsf
dsf io
iooc
ocoi
oitf
tfcd`
cd``y
`ydd md
mdadl
adl
lo`eurd`ef rfsfik.

4:
 JDJ FFF
XO@_]_X

7.4 Iosflp
Iosflpuad
uad`
`
4. Ld
Ld`d
`dbo
bolo
lo`
` I7 pdmd
pdmd mdsd
mdsdr`
r`yd
yd lo`g
lo`gdr
drff md
md`
` lo`e
lo`eul
ulpu
puai
aid`
d`
ioaoldnd` kpordsfk`da yd`e lolu`eif`id` torbdmf`yd iogoadidd`.
Nda f`f mdpdt
mdpdt mfadis
mfadisd`d
d`did`
id` mo`ed`
mo`ed` lo`eu
lo`eu`ei
`eidpi
dpid`
d` sojdj
sojdj sudtu
sudtu
iogoadidd`.
:. Mdnuau tokrf po`yojdj iogoadidd` lold`md`e jdnwd iogoadidd`
mfsojd
mfsojdjid
jid`
` kaon
kaon tf`mdi
tf`mdid`
d` poiorb
poiorbdd yd`e
yd`e sdadn.
sdadn. ]otdpf
]otdpf d`eedp
d`eedpd`
d`
to`td`e iogoadidd` iorbd toadn joreosor mo`ed` d`eedpd` jdnwd

iogoadidd` iorbd jorsuljor iopdmd cditkr-cditk

iogoadidd` cditkr-cditkrr kred`fsdsf
kred`fsdsf md`
ld`dbolo`.
7. Xor
Xoro`g
o`gd`d
d`dd`
d` rospk`
rospk` torndm
torndmdp
dp rfsfik
rfsfik tormdp
tormdpdt
dt rospk`
rospk` pksftf
pksftfcc md`
rospk
rospk`
` `o
`oed
edtf
tfc.
c. Zosp
Zospk`
k` pk
pksf
sftf
tfcc loaf
loafpu
putf
tf 2 ox
oxpa
pakf
kft,
t, sndro
sndro md
md`
`
o`gnd`
o`gnd`go,
go, somd`ei
somd`eid`
d` rospk`
rospk` `oedtfc
`oedtfc loafpu
loafputf
tf 2dvkfm
2dvkfm,, trd`sc
trd`scor,
or,
lftfedto.
=. Gdrd
Gdrd po`eo`md
po`eo`mdafd
afd`
` md` lk`ft
lk`ftkrf
krf`e
`e rfsfik
rfsfik I7 mfaudr
mfaudr eomu`e
eomu`e dmdadn
dmdadn
mo`ed`
mo`ed` oaflf`d
oaflf`dsf,
sf, Wujst
Wujstftu
ftusf,
sf, Ik`trk
Ik`trkaa toi`fi
toi`fi dtdu
dtdu pord`g
pord`gd`e
d`ed`,
d`,
Dmlf`fstrdtfc md` DXM.

?. Xrksos yd`e mfadauf mdadl ld`dbolo` rfsfik dmdadn poro`gd`dd`

ld`dbol
ld` dbolo`
o` rfsfik,
rfsfik, fmo`tf
fmo`tfcfi
cfidsf
dsf rfsfik
rfsfik,, d`dafsf
d`dafsfss rfsfik
rfsfik iudaft
iudaftdtfc
dtfc,,
d`dafsfs
d`dafsfs rfsfik iud`tftdtfc,
iud`tftdtfc, poro`gd`dd`
poro`gd`dd` rospk` rfsfik,
rfsfik, po`eo`mdafd
po`eo`mdafd`
`
md` lk`ftkrf`e rfsfik.

7.: Wdrd`
Wdrd`
4. I7 nd
ndru
russ mfju
mfjumd
mdyd
ydid
id`
` md
md`
` mf
mfadi
adisd`
sd`di
did`
d` sopo`
sopo`un
un`y
`ydd ka
kaon
on pd
pdrd
rd
poiorbd, stdionkamor md` solud yd`e dmd mdadl sdtu kred`fsdsf
porusdndd` dtdu prkyoi. Ld`dbolo` rfsfik I7 ndrus lo`bdlf`
dmd`yd tf`mdid` porjdfid` if`orbd md` jumdyd iosoadldtd` sogdrd
joriosf`dlju`ed`.

47
:. Xoru
Xorusd
sdnd
ndd`
d` md
mdpd
pdtt lolp
lolpor
ornd
ndtf
tfid
id`
` po
po`o
`ord
rdpd
pd`
` I7 yd
yd`e
`e jd
jdfi
fi jd
jdef
ef
poiorbd`yd dedr tfmdi torbdmf nda-nda yd`e mdpdt lo`fljuaid` rfsfik
yd`e sd`edt tf`eef (Sory Nfen Zfsi).

7. Xoru
Xorusd
sdnd
ndd`
d` md
mdpd
pdtt load
loadiu
iuid
id`
` po
polo
lorf
rfis
isdd`
dd` yd
yd`e
`e ru
rutf
tf`
` tornd
torndmd
mdp
p
poiorbd, dadt md` jorjdedf nda yd`e lo`yd`eiut Iosondtd` md`
Iosoadldtd` Iorbd (I7).
=. Xo
Xoio
iorb
rbdd mdpd
mdpdtt lo`e
lo`efi
fiut
utff so
sotf
tfdp
dp f`
f`st
stru
ruis
isff dt
dtdu
dupu
pu`
` dt
dtur
urd`
d` yd
yd`e
`e
mfto
mftotd
tdpi
piid
id`
` kaon
kaon pfnd
pfndi
i ld`d
ld`dbol
bolo`
o` sogdr
sogdrdd jo
jori
riosf
osf`d
`dlj
lju`
u`ed
ed`
`
sonf`eed tdreot zork dggfmo`t mdpdt torgdpdf.

4=
 MDC]DZ X_W]DID
Dmftyd
Dmftyd`tk
`tk,, Jorya,
Jorya,mii
mii.. :847.
:847. Ld`dbolo` Zfsfik Iosoadldtd` md` Iosondtd`

Iorbd (I7) Xdmd Xoiorbdd` Wtruitur Jdwdn md` Wtruitur Dtds Eomu`e
Jortf`eidt. Burusd` ]oi`fi Wfpfa Cdiuatds ]oi`fi _`fvorsftds Mfpk`oekrk
Woldrd`e.

D`wdr, Cdnlf @urua. :84=. D`dafsfs Ld`dbolo` Zfsfik Iosondtd` md`

md`
Iosoadldtd` Iorbd (I7) Xdmd Xoiorbdd` _ppor Wtrugturo Eomu`e
Gfty ‗ Bdtf`d`ekr). Bur`da
Jortf`eidt (Wtumf Idsus Xrkyoi Wiyad`m Gfty
Ik`struisf FWW@ 2 :78:-574: Ska. 47 @k. 4 :84=.

Wkpu
Wkputd
td`
`, Edj
djj
jy O. L.,
L.,mi
mii.
i. :8
:84=
4=.. Ld`dbolo` Zfsfik Iosondtd` Md`

Iosoadldtd` Iorbd (I7) Wtumy Idsus Xdmd Xoljd`eu`d` Eomu`e WLD

Ojo` Ndozdr. _`fvorsftds Wdl Zdtuad`ef. Bur`da Falfdn Lomfd O`ef`oorf`e
Ska.= @k.=, Mosoljor :84= (::6-:7>) FWW@2
F WW@2 :8>5-677=.

4?