AJKJDUIOFI LCW\FKILI I BJW \CAIW8

WFW\CAIW LC \UI\IAFCK\J V UCSWJ LC IDSIW UCWFLSIBCW

FK\CDUIK\CW8

HMJK HIFUJ BCIB DJACX

HMJIK KFGJBIW WIKGMCX _IKCDIW

GIUBJW CLSIULJ WSIUCX GIULCKIW

 KFKF HMJIKI \USHFBBJ

FKW\F\SGFJK LC CLSGIGFJK WSPCUFJU F\OFP

OIGSB\IL LC FKDCKFCUFI V GFCKGFIW IDUJFKLSW\UFIBCW

PUJVCG\J LC DUILJ

FKDCKFCUFI GF_FB

CWPFKIB - \JBFAI

5050
 

\IEBI LC GJK\CKFLJ

9. Fktrjluggf÷k

5. Hustfofgigf÷k

7. Prjebcaétfgi lcb idui.

<. Jehctfvjs

3. Grátfgi Fktcrki y Cxtcrki.

?. Airgj kjraitfvj.

  ?.5 Lcgrctj ‗ bcy 5=99 lc 964<

  ?.7 Lcgrctj ‗ 93<9 lc 964=

  ?.< Bcy 747 lc 9664

  ?.3 Lcgrctj 7670 lc 5090

4. Ufcsdjs lc ckocraclilcs prcscktilis.

=. Airgj gjkgcptuib.

  =.5 _cktihis lcb rcus÷ lc iduis rcsfluibcs.

  =.7 Lcsvcktihis lcb rcus÷ lc iduis rcsfluibcs.

  =.< \fpjs y girigtcrástfgis lc rcus÷.

  =.3 Wfstcais tcgkjb÷dfgjs c fkkjviljrcs.

 

  =.? (P\IU) Lc tcgkjbjdái ib iùj igtuib.

  =.4 \ritiafcktjs lc øbtfai tcgkjbjdái.  

6. Efebfjdrioái.
 

5. HSW\FOFGIGF×K

Lcslc augmis lægilis itrés cb idui mi sflj uk rcgursj lc vftib fapjrtikgfi> drigfis i csti

bi cvjbugf÷k ouc pjsfebc y, mjy ck lái cs oucktc lc sustcktigf÷k ck gili ukj lc bjs mjdircs.

Igtuibacktc bis oiafbfis gjbjaefikis pjscck fkkuacriebcs prjebcais lceflj ib aib

tritiafcktjs quc sc bc li i bis iduis rcsfluibcs y aib usj lc bis afsais. Pucs, cb idui

 pjtiebc pircgc miecrsc gjkvcrtflj ck uki lfspjsfgf÷k piri ukjs pjgjs prfvfbcdfiljs.

Cvibuir y lfspjkcr sjbugfjkcs gjk rcspcgtj ib tcai gjrrcspjklc i uk cstulfj cxtcksj gjk

iktcrfjrflil pucs, bis gjkscguckgfis sjk virfiebcs y igjdck gjksfdj prjebcaétfgis tiktj

sjgfibcs gjaj lc sibul pøebfgi.

Cstc prjycgtj tfckc gjaj jehctfvj lfspjkcr lc bis iduis rcsfluibcs piri rcmiefbftir y

iapbfir bjs sfstcais y tritiafcktjs lc bis afsais aclfiktc, usj lc tcgkjbjdáis lfocrcktcs i

bis gjkvckgfjkibcs quc sjk fduibacktc sustcktiebcs c fkkjviljrcs i eisc, lc

fapbcacktigfjkcs lc eihj gjksuaj lc ckcrdái, gjstj y aiyjr cofgfckgfi> i bis guibcs puclc

iggclcr guibqufcr tfpj lc pjebigf÷k sfk lfstfkgf÷k ibduki.

Gjaj sc ackgfjki ck pérriojs iktcrfjrcs, bi cvibuigf÷k lcb prjebcai lcec scr cxmiustfvj y

lc csti aikcri, sc puclck flcktfofgir bis oucktcs c fkoricstrugturis quc diriktfzirék cb

ieistcgfafcktj gjktfkuj lc bis iduis pjtiebcs piri bis pjebigfjkcs gjk kcgcsflil,

dckcriklj uk fapigtj sjgfib lfrcgtj.

Yufckcs sc eckcofgfik lc cstc prjycgtj kj lceck trieihir ck æb, bi chcgugf÷k lcb afsaj cs

vfiebc drigfis i bjs pirtfgfpiktcs gjbiejriljrcs quc gjkjgck bis kjrais lcb lcsirrjbbj lc

bis jeris migfcklj euck usj lc scrvfgfjs c fkstibigfjkcs pucstis i lfspjsfgf÷k.

 

Achjrir bjs sfstcais lc iguclugtj, ibgiktirfbbi y aikchj rcsfluibcs eckcofgfi i lfstfktjs

scgtjrcs> fklustrfib, ibfacktfgfj, cktrc jtrjs. Lfsafkuyc bjs prjebcais lc sibul lc bis

 pjebigfjkcs y achjri bi gjecrturi lc cstc

cs tc rcgursj piri tjli bi pjebigf÷k.
 

7. PUJEBCAI\FGI LCB IDSI

Lceflj i su fapjrtikgfi sc lfgc quc cb idui cs cb rcgursj aés fapjrtiktc, yi

quc cs kcgcsirfj piri bi vfli y bi sibul lc bjs scrcs muaikjs. Giec rcsibtir

quc gjksuafr idui ck uk aib cstilj puclc prjvjgir fkocggfjkcs j

ckocraclilcs distrjfktcstfkibcs, riz÷k pjr bi guib sc mi gjkvcrtflj ck ukis

lc bis prfkgfpibcs giusis quc kjs bbcvi i cstis lfgmis iocgtigfjkcs i bi sibul

gjaj bj quc cs cb g÷bcri, scdøk bjs iutjrcs, ‒iprjxfailiacktc aés lc 5

afbbjkcs lc pcrsjkis ib iùj aucrck i giusi lc lfirrcis, cspcgfofgiklj quc bi

aiyjrái lc cstis pcrsjkis sjk kfùjs ackjrcs lc 3 iùjs. Lfgmj cstj giec

lcgfr quc aés lc 30.000 pcrsjkis aucrck i lfirfj, i giusi lc bis

ckocraclilcs quc sjk triksaftflis pjr cb idui‑^ GF\I\FJK Hjr0? Rb 655? Q .

  Bjs prjebcais prcscktiljs pjr cb idui sjk giusiktcs lc augmis

ckocraclilcs y erjtcs cpflæafgjs i uki giktflil lc pcrsjkis auy ibti ck

lfocrcktcs budircs lc tjlj cb auklj, pcrj scdøk bjs iutjrcs, ‒cstis

ckocraclilcs sjk prcscktilis aés quc tjlj ck bjs sfdufcktcs gjktfkcktcs

gjaj, Éorfgi, Isfi y Iaærfgi Bitfki, quc sjk pjgjs ivikziljs

tcgkjb÷dfgiacktc, pcrj cstj kj qufcrc lcgfr quc piáscs pbckiacktc

lcsirrjbbiljs kj prcscktck csti prjebcaétfgi‑. Wc mik vfstj gisjs ck cstiljs

ukfljs ck ljklc cb giusiktc lc augmis ckocraclilcs cs cb idui ^ GF\I\FJK

Hjr0? Rb 655? Q.
 

  Kjs mcajs vfstj gbiriackt

gbiriacktcc iocgtiljs pjr bi csgiscz lcb idui yi quc i aclfli lc quc bi

 pjebigf÷k grcgc, bi lcaikli lc idui iuackti i uk rftaj cxidcrilj, tckfcklj ck guckti quc

bi gjktiafkigf÷k cs uk oigtjr aés bi guib cs fapjsfebc aiktckcr cstc rcgursj kiturib

cstiebc. ºI quc kjs bbcvi cstj:, I quc cstc rcgursj kiturib cstc gili vcz ackjs ib ibgikgc

lc tjlj cb auklj.

  Ck Gjbjaefi igtuibacktc vcajs bi pcrlfli lc dbigfircs, rcspcgtfviacktc iocgtilj pjr

cb ock÷ackj lcb Kfùj, ck cb 509?, cstjs mfgfcrjk quc bi pcrlfli lc idui iuacktiri eistiktc

ck bjs dbigfircs, lceflj i cstj sc cstfai quc ck 90 iùjs cb kcvilj lc sikti Fsiecb y lcb

\jbfai lcsipircgcrék. Sk oigtjr aés quc iocgti ib lcsmfcbj lc bjs dbigfircs cs bi

lcojrcstigf÷k, quc tcrafki pjr iocgtir bis guckgis lc bjs rájs gjbjaefikjs.

Pjr øbtfaj sc rcsibti quc bi økfgi aikcri lc afkfafzir cstc prjebcai cs pjkcr ofk i bi

gjktiafkigf÷k lc dbigfircs, rájs, iguáocrjs y bidjs, y eusgir bi aikcri lc afkfafzir bi

lcaikli lc idui gjaj bj scrái ck bi rcutfbfzigf÷k lcb idui rcsfluib yi tritili.

  Cs auy fapjrtiktc rcgibgir quc bi gibflil lcb idui piri cb gjksuaj muaikj cs auy

kcgcsirfj quc sci supcrvfsilj i kfvcb kigfjkib y auklfib yi quc cb iutjr, kjs li i cktcklcr

quc ‒lcec miecr uki rcvfsf÷k dbjeib y igtuibfzili lc bj quc gjkjgcajs sjerc cb auklj lcb

idui, lcslc bis oucktcs lc giptigf÷k, misti bi lfstrfeugf÷k ib gjksuafljr, lctcrafkiklj quc

 prjebcais sc prcscktik (Ljackígm H.,

H ., 5005, péd. 97=).
 

  Cb idui y su lctcrafkigf÷k lc gibflil piri cb gjksuaj muaikj sc vc rcbigfjkilj gjk

bis ckocraclilcs quc sc prcscktik gjaj sc mieái kjaerilj yi, cb g÷bcri. Wc lcecré migcr

cstulfjs rcbigfjkilj i cstjs ljs oigtjrcs quc sjk cb idui y su gibflil, quc kjs pcraftfré

lctcrafkir bi gibflil lcb idui pjtiebc ck bi sibul lc bis pcrsjkis, y isá pjlcr igtuir y

 prcvckfr lfgmis ckocraclilcs prcscktilis ck cb idui.

Drigfis ib iutjr ‒pjlcajs lclugfr quc lc bi eisc lc litjs lc vfdf

vfdfbikgfi
bikgfi sc ikibfz÷ bis

 prfkgfpibcs girigtcrástfgis fklfgiljris lc gibflil (gjbfojracs

( gjbfojracs tjtibcs, Csgmcrfgmfi gjbf,

turefclil, gjbjr, pM, gbjrj rcsfluib bferc c áklfgc lcb rfcsdj lc bi gibflil lcb idui). Wc lfj i

gjkjgcr bjs rcsubtiljs ck cb guib cstjs sc rcbigfjkik gjk bi ajrtibflil fkoiktfb y bi

ajrefbflil pjr ckocraclil lfirrcfgi iduli, ckocraclilcs triksaftflis pjr ibfacktjs y

mcpitftfs I.‑ ( Duzaék E., Kivi D., & Láiz p., 5093)

ºYuæ sc cktfcklc pjr gjktiafkigf÷k lcb idui:

  Bi gjktiafkigf÷k lcb idui cs ”bi fktrjluggf÷k lc uki j virfis sustikgfis ihckis ib idui

quc sc mik flj iguaubiklj lfrcgti j fklfrcgtiacktc misti cb puktj lc dckcrir uk

lcscqufbferfj ck bi vfli lc bjs scrcs vfvjs‖.

<. JEHC\F_JW.
 

- Ik
Ikib
ibfz
fzir
ir bj
bjss llfo
focrc
crckt
ktcs
cs sf
sfst
stca
cais
is lc tr
trit
itia
iafc
fcktj
ktj y rcus
rcus÷÷ lc
lc iidu
duis
is rcs
rcsfl
flui
uibc
bcss lck
lcktr
trjj

lcb gjktcxtj lcb aikchj fktcdrib lcb rcgursj málrfgj, tckfcklj ck guckti bi fkojraigf÷k quc

 pjliajs rcgjbcgtir y bis cxpcrfckgfis quc cxfstik i kfvcb bjgib, kigfjkib c fktcrkigfjkib.

- Cx
Cxia
iafk
fkir
ir bi kjr
kjrai
aitf
tfvf
vfli
lill kig
kigfj
fjki
kibb piri
piri llct
ctcra
crafk
fkir
ir quæ ig
iggf
gfjkc
jkcss sscc pu
puclc
clckk ch
chcgu
cguti
tir 
r 

 piri bi rcutfbfzigf÷k lc iduis rcsfluibcs.

- Lc
Lctc
tcra
rafk
fkir
ir bi
biss vckt
vcktih
ihis
is y lc
lcsvc
svckt
ktih
ihis
is lcb rcu
rcus÷
s÷ lc id
iduis
uis rcsfl
rcsflui
uibc
bcss gja
gjajj cst
cstrit
ritcd
cdfi
fi

 piri cb aikchj fktcdrib lcb rcgursj málrfgj.

- Flck
Flcktf
tfof
ofgi
girr cb achj
achjrr sf
sfst
stca
caii lc tr
trit
itia
iafc
fckt
ktjj y rcus
rcus÷÷ lc
lc id
idui
uiss rcsf
rcsflu
luib
ibcs
cs ck
ck bbii

igtuibflil.

3. GUÁ\FGI FK\CUKI V C]\CUKI

 

9. sfstcais fktcdriljs lc tritiafcktj y rcøsj (lri. dierfcbi ajcbbcr gmévcz).

Grátfgi cxtcrki.

Iutjri8

Bi Lri. Dierfcbi Ajcbbcr, gurs÷ bi girrcri prjocsfjkib lc Yuáafgi Oiraigæutfgi Ef÷bjdi,

gjk jpgf÷k ck tcgkjbjdái lc bjs ibfacktjs ck bi Oigubtil lc Yuáafgi lc bi SKIA (96?=-

9647) y cb Pjsdrilj ck cb érci lc Fkd. Wikftirfi y Iaefcktib (Aicstrái y Ljgtjrilj)ck bi

Oigubtil lc Fkdckfcrái lc bi afsai Skfvcrsflil (964=-9666 ) rcspcgtfviacktc. Guckti gjk

uki iktfdòclil igilæafgi lc 73 iùjs.

Iutcktfgflil lcb tcai8

Ouc iutcktfgili pjr bi Skfvcrsflil Iut÷kjai lc Aæxfgj (SIA).

Grátfgi fktcrki.

Ib tærafkj lcb tcai sc tcklré ck guckti ck quc sc pjlré gjaprcklcr bis girigtcrástfgis

dckcribcs lc bjs sfstcais lc tritiafcktj lc iduis rcsfluibcs. Wus tritiafcktjs, sfstcais lc

tritiafcktjs fkkjviljrcs, tcgkjbjdái lc pukti j tcgkjbjdái iprjpfili, jrádckcs y cvjbugf÷k

lcb tritiafcktj y cb rcus÷ ck cb auklj.

 

5. tcgkjbjdáis sjstckfebcs piri bi pjtiefbfzigf÷k y cb tritiafcktj lc iduis rcsfluibcs.

(hjrlf ajrit÷ / ikki suefriki / ikki drfs / ibcx girkcfrj / rjsirfj pistjr).

Grátfgi cxtcrki.

Iutjrcs prfkgfpibcs8

Hjrlf Ajrit÷8 Ljgtjr ck Afgrjefjbjdái, Gjjrlfkiljr lc bi Gétclri SKCWGJ lc

Wjstckfefbflil. Ljgtjr ck Afgrjefjbjdái, gjk 50 iùjs lc cxpcrfckgfi ck fkvcstfdigf÷k,

clugigf÷k y dcstf÷k lc prjycgtjs lc lcsirrjbbj muaikj sjstckfebc rcbigfjkiljs gjk

rcgursjs (idui, sucbj, efjlfvcrsflil) y cgjkjaái gfrgubir y lcsirrjbbj gjaukftirfj

 pirtfgfpitfvj i kfvcb bjgib y rcdfjkib. Afcaerj oukliljr lc UCGKC\ (www.rcgftykct.jrd).

Ujsirfj Pistjr8 Ucspjksiebc lc Prjycgtjs Cstritædfgjs. Pm.L. ck Fkdckfcrái lc Prjgcsjs

Yuáafgjs pjr bi SPG (5007), Aéstcr ck \cgkjbjdái lcb Idui pjr bi SPG (9664). Fkdckfcri

\ægkfgi lc Jeris Puebfgis gjk Cspcgfibfzigf÷k Mflrjbjdái, SPG (5007). Fkdckfcri

Iaefcktib pjr bi Skfvcrsflil Kigfjkib lc Fkdckfcrái lc Bfai-Pcrø (9660).

 

Iutcktfgflil lcb tcai8 Ucvfsti bisibbfsti lc fkvcstfdigf÷k, lfrfdfli pjr bi gjrpjrigf÷k

ukfvcrsftirfi bisibbfsti.

Grátfgi fktcrki.

\cgkjbjdáis sjstckfebcs piri cb tritiafcktj lcb idui8 Iktc csti drivc grfsfs lcb idui i kfvcb

dbjeib, migc tfcapj quc sc pbiktci uki dcstf÷k cgj sfstæafgi lcb idui, sfdufcklj bjs

 prfkgfpfjs lcb lcsirrjbbj sjstckfebc. Cbbj qufcrc lcgfr quc bjs rcgursjs málrfgjs sjk

bfaftiljs y quc kj sc puclck aiktckcr sfk bi gjkscrvigf÷k lc bjs cgj-sfstcais iguétfgjs ck

 euck cstilj, lc aikcri quc sc midi uki dcstf÷k cofgiz eisili ck cb imjrrj,
imj rrj, cb rcus÷ y bi kj

gjktiafkigf÷k lcb idui, tjlj cbbj ck uki pbikfofgigf÷k sjstckfebc lcb tcrrftjrfj y uki

dcstf÷k fktcdrili lcbis guckgis mflrjdréofgis.

7. rcutfbfzigf÷k lc iduis rcsfluibcs. ipbfgigf÷k ib rfcdj lc giapjs lc djbo. (airfki

rjebcs dirgái. - tutjri8 lri. girack irkéfz) 5097.

Grátfgi cxtcrki.

Iutjrcs8

Airfki Ujebcs Dirgái8 cs uki jgcik÷drioi y scrvfljri pøebfgi acxfgiki quc sc lcscapcùi

gjaj tftubir lc bi Wcgrctirái lc Aclfj Iaefcktc lc bi Gfulil lc Aæxfgj (WCLCAI),

lcslc cb 3 lc lfgfcaerc lc 509=.

 

Ojrai pirtc lc bi Igilcafi Kigfjkib lc Clugigf÷k Iaefcktib. Ouc gjjrlfkiljri lc

 prjycgtjs ck cb Gcktrj lc Cspcgfibfstis ck Dcstf÷k Iaefcktib.

Iutcktfgflil lcb tcai8 Csgucbi \ægkfgi Wupcrfjr lc Fkdckfcrjs. Ck bi riai lc aistcr ck

tcgkjbjdái quáafgi y iaefcktib gcrtfofgilj ck cb acs lc idjstj lcb iùj 5006.

Grátfgi fktcrki8

Cb prcscktc trieihj pbiktci cb tcai lc bi rcutfbfzigf÷k lc idui rcsfluib gjaj ojrai lc

afkfafzir bi gjktiafkigf÷k aclfjiaefcktib y gjaj uki aikcri lc iuacktir bi

lfspjkfefbflil lc idui sfk kcgcsflil lc scdufr cxpbjtiklj bis oucktcs gjkvckgfjkibcs piri

cb suafkfstrj lc bi afsai. Fkvcstfdi bjs lfocrcktcs usjs lc bis iduis rcdckcrilis, bjs

rfcsdjs sikftirfjs fkmcrcktcs y bi gibflil kcgcsirfi piri gili usj.

<. lfscùj lc uk sfstcai cxpcrtj piri rcutfbfzigf÷k lc iduis rcsfluibcs tritilis. (a. g.

csgjeir, b. o. tjvir, h. rjacrj guæbbir (509?)).

Grátfgi cxtcrki.

Ucocrckgfi8 A. G. Csgjeir, B. O. \jvir, H. Ujacrj Guæbbir (509?). Lfscùj lc uk sfstcai

cxpcrtj piri rcutfbfzigf÷k lc iduis rcsfluibcs tritilis. Gfckgfi c Fkdckfcrái Kcjdrikilfki,

5? (5), pp. 59-7<, LJF8 mttp8//lx.ljf.jrd/90.9=736/rgfk.9=54

 

Ocgmi lc rcgcpgf÷k8 4 lc ierfb lc 509?

Ocgmi lc rcvfsf÷k8 97 lc aiyj lc 509?

Ocgmi lc iprjeigf÷k8 50 lc hukfj lc 509?

Grátfgi fktcrki.

Cstc trieihj prjpjkc uk sfstcai cxpcrtj eisilj ck b÷dfgi lfousi piri ipjyir bi tjai lc

lcgfsfjkcs ck prjycgtjs lc rcutfbfzigf÷k lc iduis rcsfluibcs ljaæstfgis tritilis. Bi

mcrriafckti mflrjfkojraétfgi lfscùili cstfai cb pjtckgfib lc rcutfbfzigf÷k lc idui rcsfluib

tritili i pirtfr lc oigtjrcs gjaj cb áklfgc lc csgiscz y bi cofgfckgfi ck LEJ3 lc uki pbikti

lc tritiafcktj lc iduis rcsfluibcs (P\IU). Bi mcrriafckti ouc vibflili i trivæs lc uk gisj

lc cstulfj ck bi P\IU lcb aukfgfpfj lc Kétidi, Mufbi, Gjbjaefi. Ck cb gisj lc cstulfj, sc

utfbfz÷ cb eibikgc málrfgj, ikébfsfs lc gibflil lcb idui y ckgucstis i cxpcrtjs piri cstiebcgcr 

bi cstrugturi lcb sfstcai lc b÷dfgi lfousi, cb guib ouc fapbcacktilj ck Aitbie. Bjs

rcsubtiljs fklfgik uki cofgfckgfi lcb tritiafcktj lc ==,4%, uk áklfgc lc csgiscz lc 5=,3,

quc gjrrcspjklc i uk áklfgc lc csgiscz aclfj ibtj, y pjr tiktj cb sfstcai cxpcrtj

rcgjafckli bi rcutfbfzigf÷k lc idui rcsfluib tritili gjk uk 65,5%, bj quc sc gbisfofgi gjaj

uki rcutfbfzigf÷k gjkofiebc hustfofgili. Wc gjkgbuyc quc cb sfstcai cxpcrtj cs ilcguilj piri

flcktfofgir oucktcs ibtcrkis lc rcgursjs málrfgjs y csti fkojraigf÷k puclc iyulir i bjs

tjailjrcs lc lcgfsfjkcs ck bi fapbcacktigf÷k lc pjbátfgis lc dcstf÷k fktcdrib lcb rcgursj

málrfgj.
 

3. tritiafcktj sjstckfebc lc iduis rcsfluibcs (pjst fkvftilj csgrftj pjr (airfki

irkibljs jrts) lc iggfjki idui).

Grftfgi cxtcrki8

Airfki Irkibljs Jrts8 Ucspjksiebc Érci Ucgursjs Málrfgjs, Prjluggf÷k y Ucutfbfzigf÷k ck

Gctiqui, Drupj WSCX. Lcsirrjbbj y Jptfafzigf÷k lc Prjgcsjs, Cstritcdfis y Mcrriafcktis

 piri cb \ritiafcktj y Dcstf÷k lc bjs Ucgursjs Málrfgjs.

Grátfgi fktcrki8

Lcslc uki pcrspcgtfvi lc sibul pøebfgi, cb tritiafcktj lc bis iduis rcsfluibcs dckcrilis

 pjr bi pjebigf÷k y bis fklustrfis lc uki lctcrafkili zjki ureiki cs lc fapjrtikgfi grátfgi

 piri iscdurir uk grcgfafcktj

grcg fafcktj cstiebc lc bi afsai. Ilcaés, iscdurir quc bis iduis

rcsfluibcs dckcrilis sjk tritilis misti kfvcbcs quc kj iocgtck ib aclfj iaefcktc ib quc sjk

vcrtflis cs kcgcsirfj piri iscdurir quc lfgmj grcgfafcktj ureikj sc bbcvc i giej lc ojrai

sjstckfebc.

?. rcutfbfzigf÷k lc iduis fklustrfibcs8 tcgkjbjdáis ilcguilis piri su rcdckcrigf÷k.

(idui, ckcrdái y aclfjiaefcktc scrvfgfjs fktcdribcs s.b.u. (icai)).

 

Grftfgi cxtcrki8

Idui, Ckcrdái y Aclfjiaefcktc Wcrvfgfjs Fktcdribcs W.B.S. (ICAI)

Grftfgi cxtcrki8

Iduis fklustrfibcs. Csti fkojraigf÷k puclc ipbfgirsc ck dckcrib i tjljs bjs sfstcais lc

÷sajsfs fkvcrsi, sf efck ck gfcrtj puclck igjktcgcr gisjs ck bjs quc kjs ckgjktrcajs gjk

iduis aés prjebcaétfgis gjk sus cspcgfibcs girigtcrástfgis gjaj gjktckcr jtris fapurczis,

gjaj ibtjs kfvcbcs lc gjapucstjs jrdékfgjs, mfcrrj, aikdikcsj, subourj lc mflr÷dckj y

jtrjs gjkstftuycktcs quc puclck iocgtir cb rcklfafcktj y bi vfli lc bi acaeriki UJ.

4. rcutfbfzigf÷k lc iduis rcsfluibcs ljaæstfgis. cstulfj y gjapiritfvi lc tfpjbjdáis

clfofgitjrfis8 lcpuriljris kituribcs gjaj ibtcrkitfvi sjstckfebc. (l. livfl ecrachj

irkibljs)

Grftfgi cxtcrki8

L. LI_FL ECUACHJ IUKIBLJW Gjbcdfj Jofgfib lc Ipirchiljrcs, Irquftcgtjs

\ægkfgjs c Fkdckfcrjs lc Clfofgigf÷k lc bi Ucdf÷k lc Aurgfi

Grátfgi fktcrki8
 

Cb pbiktciafcktj lcb trieihj surdc ck eisc i bi outuri y grcgfcktc fapbiktigf÷k lc sfstcais

lc cvibuigf÷k lc bjs lfvcrsjs piréactrjs lc gjapjrtiafcktj ckcrdætfgj y lc dcstf÷k lc

rcgursjs ck bjs ajlcbjs clfofgiebcs rcsflckgfibcs, lc giri i uki gcrtfofgigf÷k

aclfjiaefcktib (aætjljs lc gcrtfofgigf÷k lc clfofgigfjkcs sjstckfebcs ck Cspiùi) j gjaj

fklfgiljr lc sjstckfefbflil.

=. bi fkkjvigf÷k sjstckfebc bbcdi ib tritiafcktj lc iduis rcsfluibcs ck ojrai lc

eigtcrfis 'smcrpi' (airfki irkibljs jrts)

Grftfgi cxtcrki8

AIUFKI IUKIBLJW JU\W Ucspjksiebc Érci Ucgursjs Málrfgjs, prjluggf÷k y

rcutfbfzigf÷k ck Gctiqui, drupj WSCX. Lcsirrjbbj y jptfafzigf÷k lc prjgcsjs, cstritcdfis y

mcrriafcktis piri cb tritiafcktj y dcstf÷k lc bjs rcgursjs málrfgjs

Grátfgi fktcrki8

Bi prcscrvigf÷k lcb aclfj iaefcktc pisi pjr cb lcsirrjbbj lc prjgcsjs lc tritiafcktj lc

iduis gjktiafkilis quc iscdurck uk grcgfafcktj sjstckfebc lc zjkis ureikis y uki

 prjtcggf÷k lc bis ércis kituribcs. Pcrj

Pcr j kj miy quc jbvflir bi lfacksf÷k lc gjksuaj lc
lc

gjaeustfebcs o÷sfbcs y cafsfjkcs lc discs lc cocgtj fkvcrkilcrj lc cstjs prjgcsjs8 bi

 

fkkjvigf÷k prcscktili eusgi prjtcdcr ib aclfj iaefcktc lc ojrai tjtib, iscduriklj uk

outurj sjstckfebc ck cb tritiafcktj y sikciafcktj lc iduis.

6. hjrlf ajrit÷, ibcx pfrcs girkcfrj y ikki suefriki (gétclri ukcsgj lc sjstckfefbflil

ukfvcrsftit pjbftægkfgi lc gitibukyi, cspiùi).

Grftfgi cxtcrki8

HJULF AJUI\×> Ljgtjr ck Afgrjefjbjdái, gjk 50 iùjs lc cxpcrfckgfi ck fkvcstfdigf÷k,

clugigf÷k y dcstf÷k lc prjycgtjs lc lcsirrjbbj muaikj sjstckfebc rcbigfjkiljs gjk

rcgursjs (idui, sucbj, efjlfvcrsflil) y cgjkjaái gfrgubir y lcsirrjbbj gjaukftirfj

 pirtfgfpitfvj i kfvcb bjgib y rcdfjkib. Afcaerj oukliljr lc UCGKC\ (www.rcgftykct.jrd).

Mi pirtfgfpilj ck aés lc =0 prjycgtjs lc fkvcstfdigf÷k, ojraigf÷k y triksocrckgfi lc

gjkjgfafcktj ofkikgfiljs fktcrkigfjkibacktc (966?-509=).

Iutcktfgilj pjr8

Ucvfsti Bisibbfsti lc Fkvcstfdigf÷k. Gjrpjrigf÷k Skfvcrsftirfi Bisibbfsti Iktfjqufi,

Gjbjaefi.

90. vfieffbflil lcb iprjvcgmiafcktj lc bis iduis rcsfluibcs dckcrilis ck bjs clfofgfjs

(hifac sikti gruz istjrquf. - lptj. lc tcgkjbjdái lc bi clfofgigf÷k cu irquftcgturi

tægkfgi. - ukfvcrsflil pjbftægkfgi lc ailrfl gétclri ukfvcrsflil-caprcsi gas)

 

Grátfgi cxtcrki

Iutjr8

Hifac Wikti Gruz Istjrquf Skfvcrsflil Pjbftægkfgi lc Ailrfl8 Prjocsjr \ftubir lc Csgucbi

Skfvcrsftirfi, lclfgigf÷k gjapbcti (lc 9=/07/9664 i 93/07/5097) 5 Skfvcrsflil Pjbftægkfgi

lc Ailrfl8 Prjocsjr \ftubir lc Csgucbi Skfvcrsftirfi fktcrfkj, lclfgigf÷k gjapbcti (lc

09/90/9665 i 9=/07/9664) 7 Skfvcrsflil Pjbftægkfgi lc Ailrfl8 Prjocsjr Isjgfilj \fpj 5,

lclfgigf÷k pirgfib (lc 9?/99/9669 i 09/90/9665)

Iutcktfgflil lcb tcai8

Ouc iutcktfgili pjr bi csgucbi ukfvcrsftirfi lc irquftcgturi tægkfgi lc Ailrfl

Grátfgi fktcrki8

Cb pbik lc dcstf÷k lc Ailrfl lc bi lcaikli lcb idui ck bi gfulil lc Ailrfl fkgbuyc tjli

uki scrfc lc prjdriai y aclflis quc scrvfrék piri achjrir bi dcstf÷k lc bjs rcgursjs

málrfgjs. Iscdurir bi giktflil y bi gibflil lcb idui quc sc suafkfstri i bjs ailrfbcùjs,

iuacktir cb imjrrj y bi cofgfckgfi y ojacktir bi gjjpcrigf÷k y gjjrlfkigf÷k cktrc

ilafkfstrigfjkcs piri gjkscdufr uk usj aés sjstckfebc sjk ibdukjs lc sus jehctfvjs. Lc

csti ojrai, cb iyuktiafcktj lc Ailrfl sc gjkvfcrtc ck prcgursjr, ck cb éaeftj ureikj, lc

uki kucvi ofbjsjoái lcb idui.

 

99. pbikti lc tritiafcktj lc iduis rcsfluibcs lc irecbicz. (airfi giafbi aæklcz

d÷acz)

Grátfgi cxtcrki

Iutjr8

Airái Giafbi D÷acz Aæklcz Prjocsfjkib ck Pjbátfgi y Ucbigfjkcs Fktcrkigfjkibcs Ejdjté,

Ejdjté L.G., Gjbjaefi

Prjocsfjkib ck Pjbátfgi y Ucbigfjkcs Fktcrkigfjkibcs, gjk gjkjgfafcktj y cxpcrfckgfi

fkvcstfditfvi. Fktcræs jrfcktilj i bi fkvcstfdigf÷k sjgfib, bi dcstf÷k y igjapiùiafcktj lc

 prjycgtjs y bi iscsjrái pjbátfgi lc isuktjs lc ákljbc kigfjkib c fktcrkigfjkib. Gipigflil

 piri bi tjai lc lcgfsfjkcs eihj uki pcrspcgtfvi

pcrs pcgtfvi ikibátfgi, miefbflil gjaukfgitfvi, oigfbflil

 piri bi sjbugf÷k cstritædfgi lc prjebcais, euck aikchj lc rcbigfjkcs fktcrpcrsjkibcs y ibtj

drilj lc ikébfsfs grátfgj.

Iutcktfgflil lcb tcai8

Ouc iutcktfgili pjr bi SKF_CUWFLIL GI\×BFGI LC GJBJAEFI OIGSB\IL LC

FKDCKFCUÁI

Grftfgi fktcrki8

Bi grcigf÷k lc pbiktis lc tritiafcktj lc iduis rcsfluibcs, P\IU, sc prcscktik gjaj uki

rcspucsti i bi drivc gjktiafkigf÷k quc suorck bjs gucrpjs lc idui suetcrrékcjs y

 

supcrofgfibcs y, i bi kcgcsflil lc jptfafzir cb rcgursj málrfgj ck igtfvflilcs quc lcaiklik

uk aiyjr usj lc idui lubgc, gjaj cs cb gisj lc bi idrfgubturi.

95. dbilys vflib, aiyri hirpi, gitibfki pbizi lc bjs rcycs, airfsjb ecbajktc y bjrcki

airfikdcb (gcktrj lc gfckgfis iaefcktibcs cubi-gmfbc ukfvcrsflil lc gjkgcpgf÷k, gmfbc).

Grátfgi cxtcrki

Iutjr8

Bi Caprcsi lc Iguclugtj y Ibgiktirfbbilj lc _fbbi Gbiri (CII_G)8 pcrtckcgc i bi JWLC

Idui y Wikciafcktj y ib jrdikfsaj lc Ucgursjs Mflréubfgjs (FKUM), tfckc gjaj jehctfvj

 erfklir scrvfgfjs lc ieistcgfafcktj lc idui y cviguigf÷k lc rcsfluibcs báqufljs i trivæs lc

bjs sfstcais quc ilafkfstri, jorcgcr scrvfgfjs lc cviguigf÷k lc iduis pbuvfibcs, suprcsf÷k

lc oudis, lc bfapfczi lc tikqucs sæptfgjs, ojsis y jtrjs sfstcais lc tritiafcktj lc

rcsfluibcs báqufljs.

Iutcktfgflil lcb tcai8

Irtfgubj

Grftfgi fktcrki8
 

Gjk bi ipbfgigf÷k lc bjs sfstcais lc tritiafcktj lc iduis rcsfluibcs ck bjs gcktrjs

 pcguirfjs lc bi Caprcsi lc Iprjvcgmiafcktj

Iprjvcgm iafcktj Mflréubfgj _fbbi Gbiri, sc bjdr÷ prcvckfr

bi gjktiafkigf÷k, afkfafzir rfcsdjs efjb÷dfgjs, achjrir bi lfspjsfgf÷k ofkib lc cobucktcs ib

sucbj piri iuacktir bi prjluggf÷k lc pbiktis gubtfvilis.

97. dbilys vflib, aiyri hirpi, gitibfki pbizi lc bjs rcycs, airfsjb ecbajktc y bjrcki

airfikdcb (gcktrj lc gfckgfis iaefcktibcs cubi-gmfbc ukfvcrsflil lc gjkgcpgf÷k, gmfbc).

 Kj sc mi ckgjktrilj tu irgmfvj

9<. tritiafcktj lc iduis rcsfluibcs (huik sceistfék gruz giaigmj).

Grátfgi cxtcrki

Iutjr8

Huik Wceistfék Gruz Giaigmj Prjocsjr lc Bckduis y Gubturi ck bi Skfvcrsflil lc bjs

Iklcs. Ejdjté, Cb prcscktc irtágubj cstulfi bis rcbigfjkcs cktrc bjs dækcrjs bftcrirfjs

(lriai y kjvcbi) ck bi jeri lc Iudust Wtrfklecrd. Wc ikibfzi g÷aj bjs gjapjkcktcs

oukliacktibcs lc bi kjvcbi (cb kirriljr, cb ckorcktiafcktj lcb suhctj gjk cb auklj y bi

frjkái ojraib) pckctrik ck cb lriai lc Wtrfklecrd, bjdriklj su kjvcbfzigf÷k> y, gjaj

gjktripirtfli, sc cxpbfgfti lc quæ aikcri bjs gjapjkcktcs oukliacktibcs lcb lriai

ajlcrkj (bi lcksfofgigf÷k lcb Vj-kirriljr, cb surdfafcktj lcb fapcrsjkihc y bi

 

gjkofdurigf÷k lcb lfébjdj sfk rcvcbigf÷k iukilj i bi prjbfocrigf÷k lc lflisgibfis) frruapck

ck bi kjvcbi lcb iutjr piri lriaitfzirbi.

Iutcktfgflil lcb tcai8

Ouc puebfgilj pjr bi Wupcrfktcklckgfi lc Fklustrfi y Gjacrgfj, ck cb acs lc hubfj lc 509<,

Ejdjté, Gjbjaefi

Grátfgi fktcrki8

Bis tcgkjbjdáis rcbigfjkilis gjk tritiafcktj lc iduis rcsfluibcs y iukquc cb ejbcták

cstulfi bi fkojraigf÷k lc bjs iùjs 5000 i 509<, ck cstc ikébfsfs mfgfajs usj lc tjljs bjs

iùjs quc bbcvi bi tcgkjbjdái ck lcsirrjbbj. Ski igbirigf÷k fapjrtiktc8 yi quc Gjbjaefi cs

uk piás cxtrigtjr y prjgcsiljr lc pctr÷bcj y sus lcrfviljs, bi gjktiafkigf÷k pjr

mflrjgireurjs acrcgf÷ uki vibjrigf÷k fklfvfluib, iukquc, pjr supucstj, vfkgubili gjk cb

ikébfsfs lc bis sustikgfis t÷xfgis caftflis tiktj pjr iutjajtjrcs gjaj pjr cb trikspjrtc lc

grulj ck tuecrái.
 

93. prjgcsjs ivikziljs lc jxfligf÷k (dustivj pcùucbi oigubtil lc fkdckfcrái

ukfvcrsflil lc iktfjqufi, gjbjaefi).

 Kj sc mi ckgjktrilj tu irgmfvj

?. AIUGJ KJUAI\F_J LCB UCSWJ

 

Piri rcibfzir lfgmjs tritiafcktjs y rcus÷ lc iduis rcsfluibcs yi tritilis miy quc tckcr ck

guckti bis sfdufcktcs bcycs8

3.5. Lcgrctj - Bcy 5=99 lc 964<. G÷lfdj lc Ucgursjs Kituribcs. Cb lcrcgmj lc usir bjs

rcgursjs kituribcs Afkfstcrfj lc bcy, pcrafsj, gjkgcsf÷k y isjgfigf÷k. Ucdubi cb

iprjvcgmiafcktj lc bis iduis kj airátfais ck tjljs sus cstiljs y ojrais, ljafkfj lc bis

iduis y sus giugcs, ajljs lc ilqufrfr lcrcgmj ib usj lc bis iduis yi sci pjr afkfstcrfj lc

bi bcy j pjr bis gjkgcsfjkcs> cxfdfefbflil y lurigf÷k lc bis afsais, prcbigf÷k ck su

jtjrdiafcktj, girigtcrástfgis y gjklfgfjkcs, prjgclfafcktj piri su jtjrdiafcktj> jtrjs

ajljs lc ilqufrfr lcrcgmjs ib usj lc bis iduis, cxpbjtigf÷k y jgupigf÷k lc bjs giugcs,

 pbiyis y bcgmjs, scrvfluaercs lc iguclugtj, lc lcsidòc y lc rcgfefr idu

iduis,
is, lc prcsi y

cstrfej, lc tréksftj piri trikspjrtir idui y iercvir dikilj, lc usj lc rfecris, lc bis jeris

mflréubfgis, lcb usj, gjkscrvigf÷k y prcscrvigf÷k lc bis iduis. Lfspjsfgfjkcs dckcribcs, lc

 prcvckgf÷k y gjktrjb lc bi gjktiafkigf÷k, lc bjs usjs

us js cspcgfibcs, lc usj lc iduis bbuvfis,

lc bis iduis suetcrrékcis, lc bi ilafkfstrigf÷k lc bis iduis y giugcs, oigubtilcs lc bi

ilafkfstrigf÷k, girdis pcgukfirfis, isjgfigfjkcs lc usuirfjs lc iduis, sikgfjkcs, lcb air y

lc su ojklj. ^ GF\I\FJK Gjk43 Rb 655? Q .

3.7. Lcgrctj 93<9 lc 964=. (Lcgrctj 904? lc 5093) Gibfofgi bis iduis utfbfzilis, scrvflis j

kcdris, gjaj IDSIW LC LJAFKFJ PØEBFGJ. ^ GF\I\FJK Gjk4= Rb 655? Q .

 

3.<. Bcy 747 lc 9664.  Cstiebcgc cb rcøsj jebfditjrfj lc bis iduis lc jrfdck supcrofgfib,

suetcrrékcj j bbuvfis utfbfzilis ck igtfvflilcs quc dckcrck iobucktcs báqufljs, prcvfj i uk

ikébfsfs tægkfgj, sjgfj-cgjk÷afgj y lc bis kjrais lc gibflil iaefcktib. ^ GF\I\FJK Gjk64 Rb

655? Q

3.3. Lcgrctj 904? lc 5093 (Lcgrctj 7670 lc 5090.) Lcofkfgf÷k lcb Ucøsj y bj prjaucvc i

trivæs lc bjs PU\BD_ (pbik lc rcgjkvcrsf÷k i tcgkjbjdáis bfapfis ck dcstf÷k lc

vcrtfafcktjs). Gjapfbi bis lfspjsfgfjkcs rcdbiacktirfis lcb Wcgtjr Iaefcktc. Ucdbiackti

bis kjrais rcbigfjkilis gjk bjs rcgursjs lc iduis ck tjljs sus cstiljs, y bi prcscrvigf÷k,

aikchj y usj lc bis iduis. (Irtágubjs 5.5.7.5.9.9 ib 5.5.7.5.9.5 y 5.5.7.7.5.9 ib 5.5.7.7.5.90).

^ GF\I\FJK Gjk93 Rb 655? Q .

4. UFCWDJW LC CKOCUACLILCW PUCWCK\ILIW

 

Cb prfkgfpib prjebcai lc bi rcutfbfzigf÷k lc bis iduis, cs bi oégfb lfousf÷k lc idcktcs

 prjpidiktcs lc ckocraclilcs pucs, cstés sfk euck tritiafcktj puclck gjktckcr lfvcrsjs

idcktcs pit÷dckjs y dckcrir prjebcais auklfibcs lc fapjrtikgfi ck sibul pøebfgi.

 ‒Bi aiyjr prcjgupigf÷k ck bi rcutfbfzigf÷k lc iduis rcsfluibcs cs bi pjsfebc triksafsf÷k y

 prjpidigf÷k lc ckocraclilcs, pjrquc cbbis puclck gjktckcr bjs aés virfiljs

vir filjs

afgrjjrdikfsajs pit÷dckjs. Bjs prfkgfpibcs idcktcs fkocggfjsjs piri cb scr muaikj quc

 puclck ckgjktrirsc ck cb idui rcsfluib sjk sjerc tjljs eigtcrfis, vfrus y prjtjzjjs y

mcbafktjs‑ (Ujebcs A, 5097, pid 4).

Lc jrfdck eigtcrfikj8

- Wibajkcbbi sp8 ofcercs tfpjflcs y piritfojflcis.

- Wmfdcbbi8 Lfscktcrfi eigfbir.

- C. gjbf, giapybjeigtcr, sibajkcbbi y smfdcbbi8 Distrjcktcrftfs idulis

Lc jrfdck vfrib8

-_frus lc bi mcpitftfs I y C8 Mcpitftfs I y C.

-_frus lc bi pjbfj8 Pjbfjacbftfs.

-_frus Kjrwibn, rjtivfrus, istrjvfrus, gibfgfvfrus, cktcrjvfrus, ilckjvfrus y rjcvfrus8

Distrjcktcrftfs iduli y lfirrcis.