Slides 06 Fungi MicrobiologyAdvanced

Fungi
With Prof. Vincent Racaniello
Ir Se, severiris98@gmail.com
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Learning Goals
• You will be able to distinguish the two

general types of fungi.
• You will know the different types of fungal

diseases and their origins.
• You will be familiar with drugs that are used

to treat fungal infections.
Eukaryotic Microbes – Fungi
Most are filamentous – hyphae and mycelia
Mushrooms are fungi – made of mycelia!
Yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) are unicellular
Are heterotrophs – acquire food by absorbing molecules
O2
Almost all fungi are strict aerobes
Glucosamine N-acetyl group

Manno-proteins
β-glucans
Cell
membrane
Chitin Membrane
proteins
Cell walls contain chitin (unlike plants or bacteria)
Can grow without water in damp environments (mold on bathroom wall)
Many produce spores for dispersal (allergies)
Fungal Dimorphism
Many pathogenic fungi display both
growth forms:
molds yeasts
Fungal Dimorphism
Shift often occurs when free-living

organism infects living host
Fungal Dimorphism
Yeast is often systemic form, mold found in environment
Fungal Dimorphism
Mold found in environment
Fungal Dimorphism
In a few unusual instances, mycelial form

is found in tissues (Candida albicans)
Fungal Infections – Endemic Mycoses
Caused by geographically restricted fungi,

may cause disease in healthy individuals
Fungal Infections – Opportunistic Mycoses
Disease in immunosuppressed patients
Fungal Infections – Subcutaneous Mycoses
Involve skin, subcutaneous tissue, lymphatics
Fungal Infections – Superficial and Cutaneous Mycoses
Limited to skin and skin structures
Sources of Fungal Infections
Fungi in the environment Normal human flora – mostly yeasts
Antifungal Agents
Class Mechanism of action Agents Formulation Pathogen
Polyenes Bind ergosterol, disrupt Amphotericin B Intravenous Candida, Cryptococcus,

membrane Aspergillus, Zygomycetes,
endemic mycoses
Nystatin Topical Candida (mucous

membrane and skin
Allylamines Block ergosterol synthesis Terbinafine Topical, Oral Dermatophytes
Azoles Block ergosterol synthesis Ketoconazole Oral Endemic mycoses,

dermatophytes
Itraconazole IV, Oral Endemic mycoses,
Aspergillus, dermatophytes
Fluconazole IV, Oral Candida, Cryptococcus
Voriconazole IV, Oral Aspergillus, other molds,

Candida
Echinocandins Inhibit cell wall synthesis Caspofungin IV Candida, Aspergillus
Pyrimidine inhibitor Inhibits DNA and protein Flucytosine Oral Cryptococcus, Candida
synthesis
Learning Outcomes
 You will be able to distinguish the two

general types of fungi.
 You will know the different types of fungal

diseases and their origins.
 You will be familiar with drugs that are used

to treat fungal infections.
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Fungi

With Prof. Vincent Racaniello

• You will be able to distinguish the two

• You will know the different types of fungal

• You will be familiar with drugs that are used

Most are filamentous – hyphae and mycelia

Mushrooms are fungi – made of mycelia!

Yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) are unicellular

Are heterotrophs – acquire food by absorbing molecules

Almost all fungi are strict aerobes

Glucosamine N-acetyl group

Cell walls contain chitin (unlike plants or bacteria)

Can grow without water in damp environments (mold on bathroom wall)

Many produce spores for dispersal (allergies)

Many pathogenic fungi display both

Shift often occurs when free-living

Yeast is often systemic form, mold found in environment

Mold found in environment

In a few unusual instances, mycelial form

Caused by geographically restricted fungi,

Disease in immunosuppressed patients

Involve skin, subcutaneous tissue, lymphatics

Limited to skin and skin structures

Fungi in the environment Normal human flora – mostly yeasts

Class Mechanism of action Agents Formulation Pathogen

Polyenes Bind ergosterol, disrupt Amphotericin B Intravenous Candida, Cryptococcus,

Nystatin Topical Candida (mucous

Azoles Block ergosterol synthesis Ketoconazole Oral Endemic mycoses,

Fluconazole IV, Oral Candida, Cryptococcus

Voriconazole IV, Oral Aspergillus, other molds,

 You will be able to distinguish the two

 You will know the different types of fungal

 You will be familiar with drugs that are used

Hinweis: Dieses Dokument ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Die Vervielfältigung,

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