qarTuli samarTlis istoria

gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos saxelmwifo wyobileba

savaziro da vazirebi, maTi qvemdebare moxeleebi.
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo wyobileba
XVII-XVIII s-Si.
• mefis xelisufleba;
• darbazi;
• saxelmwifo uwyebebi da maTi moxeleebi, gansakuTrebuli
xasiaTis moxeleebi XVII-XVIII saukunis qarTlis samefoSi.

2015 1
 qarTuli samarTlis istoria
savaziros Semadgenloba
• mwignobarTuxucesi-Wyondideli _ savaziros sxdomebs
Tavmjdomareobs, Tu mefe ar eswreba.

• aTabagi
• amirspasalari samTa vazirTa jgufi
• mandaturTuxucesi

• meWurWleTuxucesi orTa vazirTa jgufi

• msaxurTuxucesi

2015 2
 qarTuli samarTlis istoria
savaziros saTaTbiro xmis uflebiT eswrebodnen aseve:
• amilaxori _ amirspasalaris moadgile;
• sawolis mwignobari _ mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondidelis
moadgile, sxdomis mdivani;
• amirejibi _ mandaturTuxucesis moadgile.
meabjreTuxucesi, ganmgeTuxucesi, saWurWlis nacvali,
mestumre, zardaxnis mwignobari da sxva xelisufalni vazirobis
dros gareT icdidnen, rom saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi savaziros
gankarguleba saswrafod SeesrulebinaT.

2015 3
 mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondideli
es Tanamdeboba 1103-1110 ww. SemoRebuli. igi iyo mefis
meCeveli, samefo spisa da saxlis ganmgebeli, iTvleboda mefis
piradi qonebis mmarTveladac. gaaCnda sasamarTlo xelisufleba,
xelmZRvanelobda saajo kars.
mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondideli mmarTvelobis yvela dargs
uwevda zedamxedvelobas da mefis Semdgom pirveli piri iyo
saxelmwifoSi; mas saeklesio saqmeebic ekiTxeboda, igi
sasuliero piri iyo da Sedioda oTxTa monazonTa jgufSi
(moZRvarT-moZRvari, qarTlis kaTalikosi, afxazeTis kaTalikosi
da mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondideli). masve emorCileboda yvela
eklesia-monasteri garda gelaTisa.

2015 4
 mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondideli
mas eqvemdebareboda 26 mwignobari, maT Soris
gamoirCeodnen:
• sawolis mwignobari _ igi mefesTan daaxloebuli piria,
eswreba svaziros sxdomas, Tan axlavs mwignobarTuxuces-
Wyondidels saajo karze.
• zardaxnis mwignobari _ axlavs mwignobarTuxuces-
Wyondidels saajo karze, gareT icdida vazirobis dros; misi erT-
erTi movaleobas warmoadgenda zardaxanis (iaraRis
sawyobis) aRwera weliwadSi erTxel.

2015 5
 mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondideli
xelmwifis karis garigebaSi mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondidelis
sasamarTlo funqciis Sesaxeb vkiTxulobT: ` Wyondideli
orSabaTs dRes saajo karsa Sigan dajdebis da qvrivTa da
mimZlavrebulTa moCivarTa ganikiTxavs, da yoveli... sawolis
mwignobari gverds uzis; da zardaxnis mwignobars gagzavnis
da misis piriT moixseniebs, rac vis ra sWirs. da rasac misis
piriT ver daiurvebs, adgebis da ra Jamsca Jami iyos, TÂiT
miva da maSin iurvis, rac vis usamarTlo sWirs; ar moeSvebis
rom ar daiurvos~.

2015 6
 aTabagi
xelmwifis karis garigebaSi aTabagi ixsenieba mwignobarTuxuces-
Wyondidelis Semdeg da mas pativis mxriv Tanaswori adgili
ukavia amirspasalarTan da mandaturTuxucesTan erTad.
pirveli aTabagi saqarTveloSi ivane mxargrZeli iyo. roca misi Zma
zaqaria gardaicvala, Tamar mefem amisrspasalaris saxelo
ivanes uboZa, xolo ivanem amirspasalarobis nacvlad mefes
aTabagoba gamosTxova. es moxda 1212 wels.
aTabagoba seljukianTa samefoSi iyo gavrcelebuli da igi taxtis
memkvidris meurved iTvleboda. aseTive funqcia hqonda
dakisrebuli aTabags saqarTveloSi.

2015 7
 amirspasalari
winamZRolobda omSi jars, Tu mefe uSualod ar iRebda
monawileobas saomar moqmedebebSi, adgenda laSqrobis
gegmas; uimisod ar wydeboda iseTi sakiTxi, rogoricaa
qveynis sagamgeod micema an mamulis boZeba vinmesTvis.
samoxeleo niSani _ xmali.
amirspasalaris qvemdebare jari:
• samefo spa _ saqarTvelos calkeuli kuTxeebidan gamoyvanili
jari;
• yivCaRTa jari
• kavkasiis mTielTa da sxva ymadnafic qveynebidan
gamoyvanili jari
• mona-spa, anu mefis piradi mcveli jari.
jari Sedgeboda qveiTebisa da cxenosnebisagan.
2015 8
 amirspasalari
qvemdebare moxeleebi
• amiraxori _ amirspasalaris moadgile, Sedioda savaziroSi
saTaTbiro xmis uflebiT; amirspasalari da amilaxori xmliT
idgnen darbazobis dros. misi ZiriTadi saqmianoba cxenosani
laSqris da masTan daqvemdebarebul sakiTxebTan iyo
dakavSirebuli.
• meabjreTuxucesi
• zardaxnis uxucesi
• aCuxCi
• amirCqari
• meremeTuxucesi

2015 9
 mandaturTuxucesi
sapolicio da ceremoniebis xelmZRvanelobis funqcia. samoxeleo
niSani oqros argani; mandaturebis ufrosi; mandaturebi aseve
atarebdnen argans.
mandaturebi gamodiodnen mefis mcvelebad, icavdnen savaziros
sxdomis dros, xelmZRvanelobdnen mefis venaxebs,
awesrigebdnen samefo darbazobisa da purobis rigs; mandaturebi
omis dros sabrZolo moqmedebebSi ar monawileobdnen da
rCebodnen sasaxlis dasacavad. mandaturebi sul 300 saxli iyvnen
aqedan 3 aznauri danarCeni glexebi. isini mTel saqarTveloSi
iyvnen gabneulni.

2015 10
 mandaturTuxucesi
sxva qvemdebare moxeleebi:
• amirejibi _ mandaturTuxucesis moadgile, monawileobs
savaziros sxdomebSi, ejibebis ufrosi;
• ejibebi (ejibi _ mekare);
• mestumre;
• merige;
• ganmgeTuxucesis qvemdebare moxeleebi: saganmgeos
ufrosi, mejameTuxucesi, saremos nacvali.

2015 11
 meWurWleTuxucesi
meWurWleTa ufrosi, safinanso funqciebi, samoxeleo niSani _
beWedi.
eqvemdebareboda saWurWle _ xazina, sadac inaxeboda
yoveldRiurad saxmari da saxarjavi qoneba.
qvemdebare moxeleebi:
• saWurWlis nacvali;
• muSribi _ qalaqTa baJisa da gadasaxadebis amkrefi;
• saWurWlis muqifi _ ZRvenT gamge;
• meWurWleni

2015 12
 meWurWleTuxucesi
meWurWleTuxucesis daqvemdebarebaSi
Semavalni:
• Zveli qalaqebi;
• vaWarni;
• qalaqis amirani;
• `meWurWleni~ qalaqisani;
• savaWro gadasaxadebi;
• baJi;

2015 13
 msaxurTuxucesi
msaxurTuxucesi msaxurTa ufrosi iyo, misi samoxeleo niSania
Tvliani beWedi; mis daqvemdebarebaSi iyo:
• salaro _ sadac inaxeboda arayoveldRiurad saxmari qoneba
• sawoli _ sawoli da misi saTavsoebi.
qvemdebare moxeleebia:
• mesawoleTuxucesi_mesawoleebi
• molareTuxucesi_molareni
• fareSTuxucesi_fareSebi
• mexileTuxucesi _ mexile
• cicxvTuxucesi_cicxvebi

2015 14
 msaxurTuxucesi
molareTuxucesi vazirobis dros karTa Sigan dgas,
mesawoleTuxucesi ki gareda. mesawoleTuxucesi
emsaxureboda mefes, rodesac is ukazmavi iyo. mas
masawoleni eqvemdebarebodnen Svidasi saxli,
aqedan 8 glexis saxli iyo danarCeni aznaurebis. Tu
mefe aiyreboda Svidasi Subosani mas Tan unda
gahyoloda. mesawoleni, ZiriTadad mefis mcvelebi
iyvnen.

2015 15
 saqveynod gamrige moxeleni
qarTuli samoxeleo aparati ori nawilisagan Sedgeboda, erTi iyo
`darbazis karis moxeleni~ da meore _ `saqveynod gamrige
moxeleni~, Tu erTni samefo karze msaxurobdnen, meoreni
adgilebze iyvnen daniSnulni da centrs iqidan
emsaxurebodnen.
saqveynod gamrige moxeleebi iyvnen:
• erisTavT-erisTavebi
• erisTavebi
• xevisTavebi
• cixisTavebi

2015 16
 saqveynod gamrige moxeleni
Sesabamisad qveyana dayofili iyo:
• saerisTavT-saerisTavoebad
• saerisTavoebad
• saxevisTaoebad da saxevisufloebad
• sacixisTavoebad
ZiriTad teritoriul erTeuls saerisTao warmoadgenda; erisTavs
gaaCnda administraciuli, samxedro da sasamarTlo funqciebi.
did saerisTaos an ur gaerTianebul saerisTaos saerisTavT-
saerisTao ewodeboda. saerisTao iyofoda saxevisTaoebas, es
ukanaskneli ki sacixiTavoebad. sacixisTaoSi erTi cixe mainc
unda yofiliyo.

2015 17
 qarTuli samarTlis istoria

qarTl-kaxeTis samefos saxelmwifo wyobileba

XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi
gansaxilveli sakiTxebi:
• mefis xelisufleba
• saxelmwifo sabWo (darbazi)
• mmarTvelobis umaRlesi organoebi
• adgilobrivi mmarTveloba

2015 18
 qarTuli samarTlis istoria
mefe _ dasustebuli xelisufleba, sakanonmdeblo funqcia, um.
mmarTvelobis funqcia - samefo karis marTva, samxedro
gamgebloba, saeklesio gamgebloba, safinanso, sagareo,
gadasaxadebi da baJi...

saxelmwifo sabWo – darbazi _ mejlisi _ iwvevda da

Tavmjdomareobda mefe, eswrebodnen: kaTalikosi,
arqiepiskoposi, mitropoliti, episkoposebi, winamZRvrebi,
muxranbatoni, aragvisa da qsnis erisTavebi, sardlebi,
amilaxvari, mdivanbegi... mcire sabWo

2015 19
 qarTuli samarTlis istoria
mmarTvelobis umaRlesi organoebi
a)mmarTvelobis centraluri aparati _ sasaxlis karis msaxurni
da sameurneo safinanso aparati
saxlTuxucesi-sameurneo administraciuli funqciebi: misi
monawileobiT _ mamulis boZeba, glexis gacema, saxelos
boZeba, jamagiris sabuTi, samxedro funqcia...
naziri-sameurneo-safinanso moxele: sawyobebi ebaraT,
amaragebdnen samefo kars,krefdnen gadasaxadebs;

2015 20
 qarTuli samarTlis istoria
• molareTuxucesi-molareebis ufrosi-ebarafarTleuli da
tanisamosi,Sesakeri naWrebi,saCuqrebi;
• Tavlidari-sawyobis gamge, gamgeTuxucesi
• muSribi - mwerali-aRmricxveli
• TuSmali - samzareulos moxele, aseve yasabi, wylis mzidavi,
meTefSe...
• sufraCi _ mzareulTuxucesia _ fareSTuxucesi, mekarve,
Sigmdegi, fareSxanis taruRa, (sufris gaSla) yalion-yorCi,
Cais moxele, yavis momtani

2015 21
 qarTuli samarTlis istoria
• memaSie (fexsacmlis mirTmeva), abdari( wylis mirTmeva,
icavdnen wyals), sufraqeSi (saWmlis darigeba),
• meriqifeTuxucesi, meRvineTuxucesi, ambardani, (puris
gadasaxadis akrefa, Senaxva) mujiri (ebara xorblis sawyobi)
• xasadiri (miwebze) feSqaSnavisi (ZRvenTa mne) qilifTari
(molare) gadasaxadis amkrefi moxeleni
• saxabazos moxeleni _ megodreTuxucesi, megodre, xabazi,
Sigamdegi, meSarbaTe

2015 22
 qarTuli samarTlis istoria
• naRaraxanis moxeleni_meqnare, mebuke, mezurne,
menaRare
• alandari (mealme,4)
• sajabadaro moxeleni _ iaraRis,tyvia-wamlis Senaxva da
movla-SeZena (sajabadro-iaraRisa da tyvia-wamlis Sesanaxi
sawyobia)
• samkervalos moxeleni
• auStari _ brinji, Tevzi, erboTi momarageba
• sanadiros moxeleni _ bazierTuxucesi
• sajinibos moxeleni _ zindari _ unagiri
• cxenis moSenebis moxeleni - mejogeTuxucesi

2015 23
 qarTuli samarTlis istoria
b)mefis samdivno _ mdivani _ mwerali,
sigelis, gujaris, brZanebebis Sedgena...
• mirza _ TaTruli mosaxleobisaTvis
gankuTvnili mwerali
• murdari-beWdis mcveli

2015 24
 qarTuli samarTlis istoria
g)sapolicio aparati _ eSikaRasbaSi -
mandaturTuxucesis monacvle, - qonebis konfiskacia,
ganaCenis aRsruleba, ymebis ayra, davalebebis
Sesruleba...
• boqaulTuxucesi (iasaulTuxucesi),_boqaulebi
• soibaTiasauli _ mandaturebi - saiaraRo samsaxuria
• yoriasauli _ RamiT sasaxlis dacva, dRisiT
divanbegis sasamarTloSi wesrigis dacva

2015 25
 qarTuli samarTlis istoria
sapolicio aparati (gagrZeleba)
• memandari -stumrebis miReba da gacileba_2
memandarbaSi, 7 memandari
• yafiCi _ mekare
• jarCi _ samxedro-sameurneo funqciebi
• TaliSi - dacva
• iasauli _ mandaturi, boqauli
• SaTiri - Sikriki

2015 26
 qarTuli samarTlis istoria
d) mefis dacvis organizacia _
• yularaRasi _ mefis dacvis razmis ufrosi, 120-40-uzbaSi-
meTofeebi
• yorCibaSi – (yorCi gvamis mcveli) _ dacvis ufrosi
• qeSikCibasi _ piradi mcveli
• minbaSi,
• uzbaSi,
• meTofe,
• laSqarnavasi
e) gansakuTrebuli xasiaTis moxeleni _ veziri (iranis
warmomadgenelia, mefis mrCeveli), mustofi - moangariSe,
aRmricxveli
2015 27
 qarTuli samarTlis istoria
adgilobrivi mmarTveloba
• a)saerisTavoebi da erisTavebi
• b)sadroSo da sardali (4 sadroSo _ mewinave, memarjvene,
memarcxene, mefis)
• g)mouravi, nacvali, mamasaxlisi, meliqi, gziri, qemxa,
qedxuda...
• d)xevi
• e)sofeli
• v)saqalaqo wyobileba wyobileba da mmarTveloba

2015 28
 qarTuli samarTlis istoria

SekiTxvebi?

gmadlobT yuradRebisaTvis!
gisurvebT warmatebebs!

2015 29