Section A

1 Read the following passage and answer the given questions.

‘A great mass’ of something means a great amount. When the new method of

manufacturing articles in great numbers was introduced, a new name was wanted for it and

‘Mass production’ was the one that came into use.

In what ways does mass production differ from the older methods of manufacture?

Formerly a craftsman, or skilled workman, often made the whole of an article himself by

hand. He put into his work all his skill, all his experience. He was proud of the fruits of

his labour. His reputation, his standing among his fellows, depended on his skill and on

his character. He would have been ashamed if any serious fault had appeared in his work.

He was envied and admired by fellow-craftsmen whose skill was not equal to his own.

Articles made in this way could not be mass-produced. Each article differed slightly from

the others; in every one there was something of the maker’s individuality. The finished

article was sold at a high price, the price representing the time and the skill of the

craftsman who had made it.

Many such articles, made long ago with loving care, possess a quality and a beauty that

mass-produced goods cannot equal. The wonderful pottery of ancient China, the lovely

carpets of Persia, the engraved sword of Damascus, the silver-ware of the Middle Ages _

all these things show the individual craftsmanship of their long-dead makers.

These articles were made for the rich and for those who were moderately well off. The

poorer classes could not hope to possess works of art. Their household utensils, their

clothes and their farm tools were roughly and cheaply made, though very practical in

serving the purposes for which they were designed. [Mass Production by G. C. Thornley]

a) How did the term ‘mass production’ come into use? 2

b) Why are handmade articles dearer than mass-produced goods? 3

c) Enumerate the qualities of a craftsman in older times. 3

d) Give a suitable title to the passage. 2

a) The term 'mass production' came into use when a new method of manufacturing articles in
large quantities was introduced, and a new name was needed for it.

b) Handmade articles are dearer than mass-produced goods because they are made by
skilled craftsmen who put all their skill and experience into their work, and each article has
something of the maker's individuality. The finished article represents the time and skill of the
craftsman who made it, which is reflected in its high price.

c) The qualities of a craftsman in older times include being skilled and experienced, taking
pride in their work, having a good reputation and standing among their fellows, being
ashamed if any serious fault appeared in their work, and being admired and envied by fellow
craftsmen whose skill was not equal to their own.

d) The suitable title for the passage could be "Mass Production vs. Handmade Goods: A
Comparison of Manufacturing Methods".

2. Use the following words in sentences of your own.

2x5=10

a) Pottery

b) Envied

c) Individuality

d) Mass-produced

e) Engraved

a) The artist spent hours creating a beautiful piece of pottery on the wheel.

b) She envied her friend's ability to speak multiple languages fluently.

c) Embracing your individuality is important for personal growth and happiness.

d) The factory churned out thousands of mass-produced toys every day.

e) The wedding rings were beautifully engraved with the couple's initials and wedding date.

SECTION B

Do as directed1. Change the following sentences from direct speech to indirect speech.

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i) The passenger said, “Will you leave the compartment immediately?”

ii) Gandhi said, “Haven’t I the right to travel first class?”

iii) The constable said, “Don’t you understand simple instructions?”

iv) Gandhi said, “Shall I not try to root out the disease of colour prejudice?”

v) The general manager said, “Hasn’t justice been given to you?”

vi) The merchants said, “Isn’t this injustice to be treated badly?”

vii) Gandhi said, “Can’t we lodge a strong protest?”

viii) The official said, “Don’t you know this is a different country?”

ix) The official said, “Do you want me to throw you out?”

x) The official said, “Shall I call the police?”

i) The passenger asked if the person would leave the compartment immediately.

ii) Gandhi asked if he hadn't the right to travel first class.

iii) The constable asked if the person didn't understand simple instructions.

iv) Gandhi asked if he should not try to root out the disease of colour prejudice.

v) The general manager asked if justice had not been given to the person.

vi) The merchants asked if it wasn't injustice to be treated badly.

vii) Gandhi asked if they couldn't lodge a strong protest.

viii) The official asked if the person didn't know that it was a different country.

ix) The official asked if the person wanted him to throw them out.

x) The official asked if he should call the police.

2. Rewrite these sentences using the correct form of the verb given in brackets. 10

i) Did you remember (lock) the safe.

ii) Rita hoped (get) a bucket of clean water.

iii) The boss refused (accept) my resignation.

iv) Usha hopes (draw) your portrait before the end of this month.

v) My sister’s afraid of heights. She refused (go) rock climbing.

vi) My American friend invited me (spend) my summer holidays with her.

vii) The air hostess asked the passengers (fasten) their seat belts.

viii) The women had come (draw) water from the well.

ix) They arranged (meet) after office hours.

x) The Sherpa warned the mountaineers not (smoke) while using oxygen

masks.

i) Did you remember to lock the safe?

ii) Rita hoped to get a bucket of clean water.

iii) The boss refused to accept my resignation.

iv) Usha hopes to draw your portrait before the end of this month.

v) My sister’s afraid of heights. She refused to go rock climbing.

vi) My American friend invited me to spend my summer holidays with her.

vii) The air hostess asked the passengers to fasten their seat belts.

viii) The women had come to draw water from the well.

ix) They arranged to meet after office hours.

x) The Sherpa warned the mountaineers not to smoke while using oxygen masks.

SECTION C

1. Draft a biographical sketch of your favourite sportsperson in about 250 words.

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My favorite sportsperson is Virat Kohli, an Indian cricketer and the current captain of the
Indian national cricket team. Born on November 5, 1988, in Delhi, Kohli began playing cricket
at a very young age and was trained at the West Delhi Cricket Academy. He made his debut
for the Indian cricket team in 2008, and since then, he has established himself as one of the
best batsmen in the world.

Kohli's aggressive style of play and his consistency in scoring runs have made him a fan
favorite. He has won numerous awards and accolades, including the prestigious Sir Garfield
Sobers Trophy for ICC Cricketer of the Year in 2017 and 2018. Kohli has also been named the
ICC ODI Player of the Year three times and has been named as one of Time magazine's 100
most influential people in the world.

Kohli's success on the field has not come without its challenges. He has faced criticism for his
behavior on and off the field, and he has also had to deal with personal tragedies, including
the loss of his father in 2006. However, he has remained focused on his game and has
continued to push himself to be the best.

Off the field, Kohli is known for his philanthropy and his efforts to promote fitness and
healthy living. He has launched the Virat Kohli Foundation, which supports underprivileged
children and athletes in India, and he has also been an advocate for animal rights.

In addition to his cricketing achievements, Kohli is also a fashion icon and has been named as
one of GQ magazine's 50 most stylish men in the world. He is married to Bollywood actress
Anushka Sharma, and the couple has become one of India's most popular power couples.

In conclusion, Virat Kohli is not just a great cricketer but also a role model and an inspiration
to millions of people around the world. His talent, dedication, and commitment to making the
world a better place make him a true hero both on and off the field.

2. Write a report in about 250 words on ‘Gender Discrimination’ that is still

prevalent in our societies.

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Gender discrimination has been a pervasive issue in societies across the world for centuries,
and it continues to be a prevalent problem today. Despite significant progress in gender
equality and women's empowerment over the years, discrimination on the basis of gender is
still a reality in many parts of the world, including developed countries.

Gender discrimination takes many forms, ranging from unequal pay and limited access to
education and healthcare to violence and harassment. Women are often paid less than men
for the same work and are more likely to be employed in low-paying jobs. This pay gap is even
wider for women of color, transgender women, and women with disabilities. Additionally,
women are often denied access to education and healthcare, limiting their opportunities for
personal and professional growth.

Gender-based violence is another form of discrimination that affects women

disproportionately. Domestic violence, sexual harassment, and sexual assault are all too
common, and women often do not have the resources or support to leave abusive situations.
In many cases, they may even be blamed for the violence or face stigma and discrimination if
they try to report it.

Gender discrimination is not just a women's issue, but a human rights issue that affects all of
society. It perpetuates inequality and limits the potential of individuals and communities. It is
essential that governments, civil society organizations, and individuals work together to
address this issue and create a more equal and just world.

In conclusion, gender discrimination is a complex and multi-faceted problem that requires a

comprehensive and sustained response. By working together to promote gender equality and
challenge discriminatory attitudes and practices, we can create a world where everyone has
the opportunity to reach their full potential, regardless of their gender.

3. Write a dialogue between a student wishing to seek admission in IGNOU and

an Admission Help Desk Incharge. (250-300 words).

Student: Good morning, I am interested in seeking admission in IGNOU. Can you please guide
me on how to proceed?

Admission Help Desk Incharge: Good morning. Yes, of course, I can help you with the
admission process. May I know which course you are interested in?

Student: I am interested in pursuing a Bachelor's degree in Psychology.

Admission Help Desk Incharge: Great! IGNOU offers a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology program.
Have you checked the eligibility criteria for the program?

Student: Yes, I have. I meet all the eligibility requirements. Can you guide me on how to apply
for the program?

Admission Help Desk Incharge: Sure. The admission process is online. You need to visit the
IGNOU website and register yourself as a new user. Once you have registered, you can fill the
application form online.

Student: That's helpful. Is there an application fee that I need to pay?

Admission Help Desk Incharge: Yes, there is an application fee of Rs. 200. You can pay it
online using your debit or credit card.

Student: Okay, and what documents do I need to submit along with the application form?

Admission Help Desk Incharge: You need to submit your mark sheet and certificate of the
qualifying examination, age proof, and address proof. You also need to upload a scanned copy
of your photograph and signature.

Student: Okay, I will do that. Is there anything else that I need to know?

Admission Help Desk Incharge: Yes, once you have submitted the application form, you will
receive a confirmation message on your registered email and mobile number. You can also
check the status of your application on the IGNOU website. If you have any further queries,
feel free to reach out to us.

Student: Thank you so much for your help. I will apply online and submit all the required
documents.

Admission Help Desk Incharge: You are welcome. We wish you all the best for your admission
process.