Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Tezuka Architects
Tezuka Architects | 1
Takaharu + Yui Tezuka Architects - Biography
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Fuji Kindergarten – project description
Children love running in circles. When we brought our kids to A scientist we know has found that this has to do with
the original kindergarten site, they kept making circles around background noise. When he provides white noise at a
the chairs. It was as if they had an instinctive need to do this, frequency of more than 20 kilohertz, the children no longer
like a puppy that tries to bite its own tail by running in circles. show symptoms. This is the kind of background noise that
So we designed Fuji Kindergarten to also be in the form of a happens naturally at Fuji Kindergarten.
circle so that the children could keep running, never knowing
when to stop. The principal also used to make rounds through Every childcare room in Fuji Kindergarten is filled with
each of the buildings, even though the existing kindergarten background noise. While one class is learning basic
was not connected in a loop. We liked that situation so we mathematics, another class is playing piano nearby. The
made Fuji Kindergarten into a circular shape for him, so that children are selecting information from this noise. One time
he too never knows when to stop! the kindergarten was featured on a television program. The
film crew told me that they were very surprised to find that the
The key to Fuji Kindergarten is spaces being open children were capable of ignoring the television camera and
environments. Between April and November, the sliding continued listening to the teacher. It is natural to be exposed
doors are completely open. The distinction between where to high frequency background noise. It is not natural to be
outside stops and inside starts doesn’t apply. There are no in complete silence. I suspect that the design of modern,
walls between spaces and therefore no boundaries. There quiet school buildings could be the cause of many autistic
are only boxes that are used as furniture to indicate areas. symptoms in children.
The principal believes that when you place children in a cage
they will try to establish a social hierarchy, and the outcasts Our scheme for Fuji Kindergarten is the “end of an era”.
get segregated; but when you have no boundaries, there is Modern conveniences have deprived children of basic
no need to create such hierarchies. sensation, and the treasures once found in this era have
now been abandoned. What we want to teach through
Fuji Kindergarten currently accepts more than 30 children this building is “common sense”. Common sense comprises
affected by autism, among many of the other children. The those values of human society that are unchanging, even
principal has told us that these 30 children do not show obvious across eras. We want the children raised here to grow into
signs of autism when they are in the building. When some people who do not exclude anything or anyone. We think
children have had a difficult time in other kindergartens, they Fuji Kindergarten will be unchanged even after fifty years
transferred to Fuji Kindergarten and behaved no differently have passed.
to other children. Typical building regulations say that you
need to have a box in a classroom where an autistic child
can hide. But inside a box they cannot hear any noise, and
this is when symptoms begin to show.
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Fuji Kindergarten – media statement
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Fuji Kindergarten – plans
Existing Building
既存園舎 既存園舎
Elevator
Nursery Room
(2 rooms) トップ
External Faucet + 旗竿 旗竿
Wet Area
Nursery Room
(3 rooms) Mound 外部水場 外部水場
External Faucet +
保育室(3室)
Wet Area 96
70 保育室(3室)
Slide 築山 築山
外部水場 96 外部水場 96
70
70
10 滑り台 滑り台
84
0 0
41 841
8
保育室(6室) 保育室(6室)
南門 南門
N N N
Site and Ground Floor Plan - Scale = 1:400
配置図・1階平面図 S=1:400 Roof Plan - Scale = 1:4001:400
屋根伏図 S
配置図・1階平面図 S=1:400
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Fuji Kindergarten – elevation and section
Children can go under the
handrail around the tree
13mmφ steel rail
air supply
mesh screen
Permeable pipe
A B
Heating is only used in winter. Tradition Korean stove-type floor heating has been
A There are no foundations in the tree root zone between the courtyard and the exterior building circumference
installed and heats the floorboards from below. Air passes the below the floors.
B No interefence with tree roots within a 4m-diameter zone from the center of each tree.
1110
300 2245 360 180
3085
FIX FIX FIX FIX FIX FIX FIX FIX
▽FL
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Fuji Kindergarten – physical model
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Fuji Kindergarten – Photography and Documentation
Children keep running in an endless chase. A child can run up to around three miles daily.
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The roof deck is declined towards the center of the oval.
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The Zelkova trees are the perfect playground for children.
Sometimes there are more than forty kids climbing the trees at the same time.
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There are no foundation beams on this side of
the building, only a slab
There is chamber
under the floor
where Korean
stove-type floor
heating has been
installed
The floor slab area nearest to each Zelkova tree were extended
between the foundations, in order to reduce the heavy load that
would otherwise interfere with the base roots. The digging and soil
stabilization proceeded while avoiding the roots. It was more like
an excavation site than a construction site.
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Main rope is closely tied to the tree to
ensure high tension and safety.
Secondary rope
A grid of φ660 mm ropes create
squares which even the head of
a child cannot pass through
Main rope
Frame
Net holes
We wanted a circular kindergarten, but whenever we pushed the
circle to the perimeter of the site, it interfered with the existing trees.
Holes have been cut out of the roof for trees to project through and
a net has been strung around each tree so the kids can plunge
into the net (the net has a 60mm grid of squares so a child’s head
cannot get stuck) and climb up on the trees. Zelkova trees are
difficult to climb from ground level, but easy to do so from roof
deck.
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The slender handrail is
connected to the balustrade
by a simple weld.
Internal dimension
110mm
300mm
40 Φ
4 mm weld margin
Joint
Handrail
Encircling the roof is a slender baluster with a maximum spacing of
110mm, too small for a child’s head to enter. Children's feet can
pass through a 110mm gap, and most adults can also hang their
legs over the eaves. Children love throwing their feet through the
gaps to sit and face the courtyard below.
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Skylights
For every room there is a skylight for the space below. You could
place a ladder and climb directly onto the roof. On the first day of
opening after the roof was joined in a loop, the teachers guided
each class around the rooftop. Few children stayed with their
teachers, and instead they gathered around the skylights and
did not move. From the nursery rooms below, the heads of friends
peeking through from above was very interesting.
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Guide roller
Each sliding door is
supported at two points.
Aluminum rails
Inner side:
3 sliding rails Gap to allow for
movement
Outer side:
3 sliders rails
Rail
SVS round bar fixed
by angle as door rail
Floor
clearance Angle
FB t=3
SVS round bar 6 t × 40 Water drainage is enabled by a
small hole in each of the bottom
rails.
A rubber gasket is applied below the sash.
Outside
Air-tight rubber
The clearance is smallest at the central part of the outer edge of
each sliding door.
The rubber gasket on this edge becomes shorter accordingly.
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All edges are 5mm radius
450×300×300 BOX
300
Screw hole to
connect the boxes
together
Furniture Blocks
The basic idea for the furniture was a simple building block, made
from a soft, lightweight wood called Paulownia. The blocks can be
carried by the children, and even if pupils bang their heads slightly,
it will be the Paulownia that gets dented. The corners were also
made with a 5mm radius.
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Vegetation + Fence
Vegetation + Fence
Vegetation Wall
for privacy
Gate
EV
Movable Furniture
Vegetation + Fence
Stage
Storage
Vegetation + Fence
Gate
Gate
Hall
The eastern part of the oval is wider than the other sections, and
is usually divided into five learning spaces. If the furniture is shifted
aside, the space becomes a hall that can accommodate as many
as 600 people. Also, if the doors are opened, people can flood out
into the courtyard, creating an even larger space.
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The counter has a width in which
cups can be placed
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Faucet can be freely bent into
position and shape.
On the garden side, a sand zone of about
300 mm wide prevents the overflow of
water into the garden
60 φ -100 φ logs
Waterproof sheet
Support: SVS pipe
Fill the gaps of the log with
gravel. Fill the bottom with
crushed stones
Outdoor faucets
Faucets for outdoor use are indispensable for the garden of a
kindergarten. The flexible hose that extends from each faucet can
be used from both courtyard and corridor side. Ordinary concrete
drain pans would be unsightly for this kindergarten so we installed
large water drain pans underneath the ground. We piled logs into
the earth at the base of the faucet, and water is able to enter
crevices above and travel down to reach the drain below.
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Waterproof sheet
applied to the surface
Edge of gargoyle is set
as the center point
Overflow prevention
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Slide
Slide support
Ground foundation
Slide
The play equipment that we made for the kindergarten comprises
of just one slide. To reach the slide, the children must climb a mound
of soil about one meter in height, then ascend a staircase onto the
roof.
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One string turns on the surrounding lights
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Structure
The structure is randomly arranged to accommodate the
preservation of the Zelkova trees. While the building seems to have
a center, it is a space without a center. There is no regularity to
the oval shape. The roof appears smooth but is actually a three-
dimensional curved surface of a delicately changing hyperbolic
shell. Final welds were not made until after the roof was fully
completed in order to ensure the structural moment was finalized
securely.
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1110
1110
1110
1110
520
内樋
200
2050
2090
2095
2100
2250
2255
2265
3015
200
75
75
55
65
80
200
220
200
230
1000 2000 1000
2785* 1400
C B A B
Z2
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断面図 S=1:50
Fuji Kindergarten - Numerical Index of Photography
8. Photographer: 9. Photographer: 10. Photographer: 11. Photographer: 12. Photographer: 13. Photographer: 14. Photographer:
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15. Photographer: 16. Photographer: 17. Photographer: 18. Photographer: 19. Photographer: 20. Photographer: 21. Photographer
Tezuka Architects Tezuka Architects Tezuka Architects Tezuka Architects Tezuka Architects Tezuka Architects Tezuka Architects
22. Photographer: 23. Photographer: 24. Photographer: 25. Photographer: 26. Photographer: 27. Photographer: 28. Photographer
Tezuka Architects Tezuka Architects Tezuka Architects Tezuka Architects Tezuka Architects Katsuhisa Kida Tezuka Architects
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Fuji Kindergarten - in a broader context
NOSTALGIC FUTURE by Tezuka Takaharu, 2016 Background Noise for All
Nostalgia is the word to describe a desire for a world that has existed in the A few years ago, while in Bali, my wife and I were invited by Dr. Tsutomu
past. I do not think the past is better or more ideal than the present because Ohashi to see a Kecak, an Indonesian music drama and dance. Dr. Ohashi
we are still experiencing a world with conflicts such as war and poverty. Yet is a molecular biologist, composer and neuroscientist, renowned for his
we humans continue to dream about nostalgia. I think this is because there outstanding research on the effects of hypersonic sounds on humans. I
are important things we are losing as time passes. I use the words ‘Nostalgic had the privilege to be with him only a short moment and I learned a lot
Future’ to describe a world where we can access this ideal form of nostalgia from him during that time. I recorded the Kecak with my mobile phone but
in the future. when I replayed the Kecak back in Japan I found the music was masked by
background noise. I first thought there was a glitch with my mobile phone. I
In the 20th century, the future was represented by images of computers soon realized that the background noise was from the jungle. In the jungle,
and machines. These idealistic visions are featured in science-fiction movies I did not pay attention to the noise. In fact, I did not feel the noise was
such as Metropolis, Modern Times and Tron. The Matrix film shows a world distracting at all. Simply I ignored the noise and enjoyed the Kecak ritual.
where images and feelings in the computer are more real than reality itself Humans have a natural noise canceling system to selectively listen to what
more real than real world . There is a program to control everything, yet the we want. We cancel the noise not by frequency, but by information. Of
technology is invisible like air. The world is getting closer and closer to the course, this effect did not work when I was back in Japan because I was not
world portrayed in this movie. Technology is capable of improving our lives amid the same background noise.
and freeing us from fear and disease. We can travel the world, or safely
hike into the wilderness, easily access the jungle because we have transport, Actually our body is full of noise too. When we dive underwater, it is possible
technology and emergency backup. Technology has made these things to start hearing noises from our own bodies. Our body is very noisy. The noise
possible. Now it is up to us whether we make use of the technology for an from our cardiovascular system is louder than that of a construction site,
idealistic future, or for disaster. What is the ideal environment for humans in yet we are capable of only hearing the sounds of a Mozart performance.
the future, and especially for children? We have naturally learned to ignore the noise from inside of our body.
In complete silence, we can be extremely sensitive. It is very natural to
When I go to international conferences about pedagogy, I find that speakers be exposed to high frequency background noise. It is not natural to be
often talk about the future of education being an integration of computer- in complete silence. I think this is the reason why we hear about children
aided technology and clean, safe environments for classrooms. Presenters having difficulties staying quiet in the classroom. I consider it only natural
often show projections onto walls displaying classrooms with computer that they feel nervous in an enclosed environment without any background
screens and playgrounds with soft, colorful antibacterial plastic. If you look noise. I suspect that the design of modern, quiet school buildings could be
at many of the latest school designs, the modern school building is getting the cause of many autistic symptoms in children.
bigger and bigger and looking more like an IT company’s headquarters.
Sometimes I find there are very small playgrounds, while the structure itself In 2007, we designed Fuji Kindergarten and have received numerous
is taking up most of the land. In these buildings, children never go outside. awards in fields from architecture to education, including The Japan
They stay indoors can never walk outside don’t walk outside all day so they Institute of Architects Award in 2008 and Best of All in the OECD/CELE 4th
don’t get wet or feel cold. Many people believe that this is the future but I Compendium of Exemplary Educational Facilities. Fuji Kindergarten is a large
am always against these choices for children. oval shape, well known to allow 600 children to run freely around the oval
roof. The kindergarten’s sliding doors are completely open between April
I think it is time that we need to understand that we are a part of a bigger and November. When these doors are open, the building functions as a
existence. These artificial controlled environments are not the vision of the roof. There are no clear boundaries between each classroom. There are only
future anymore; they are slowly killing the children. Just as a fish cannot boxes, and 1.8-meter tall panels to indicate areas. Fuji Kindergarten accepts
live in purified water, children cannot live in a clean, quiet and controlled more than 30 autistic children among many other children. The principal has
environment. Our life is a part of the surrounding environment and that told me that these 30 children do not show obvious signs of autism when
cannot be disconnected. they are in the building. When some children have had a difficult time in
other kindergartens, they transferred to Fuji Kindergarten and behaved no
differently to other children without mental disorders.
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The key to Fuji Kindergarten was to design spaces as very open environments, In the past, humans found comfort through timing and location instead
filled with background noise. Not only is noise coming from other classrooms, of controlling our living environment with technology. This is just like a cat
but also from outside too. There are classes teaching basic mathematics finding its favorite place to laze. Human behavior is full of contradictions.
while another class is playing piano nearby. The children are obviously We go to the beach in summer. The sand is 50 Celsius (122 Fahrenheit). We
selecting information from the background noise. Some visitors often worry if go to ski in winter. The ski slope is -20 Celsius (-4 Fahrenheit). This is telling us
the children are able to maintain concentration. One time the kindergarten that the comfort is about the level of pleasure, not temperature. It is possible
was featured on a television program. The film crew told me that they were a fisherman’s hut on the water could be much more comfortable than an
very surprised to find that the children were capable of ignoring the television expensive, air-conditioned, modern concrete structure. We can say the
camera and continued listening to the teacher. same thing about schools. A traditionally designed school hut in Bali could
be much more comfortable than the latest, modern, air-conditioned school.
A visitor from Germany once questioned Mr. Kato, the principal of Fuji
Kindergarten, ‘how do you make the children go quiet?’ Mr. Kato said it is There are kindergartens and childcare facilities around the world with
quite easy. He whispered and they quieted down. The children always know playgrounds covered with antibacterial plastic. This kind of technology is
he has something interesting to say, so they listen. Children have different spreading. Of course such a technology is much needed in this world, for
levels of personal space in order to feel comfortable. In nature, space is example, it can be very useful in a refugee camp where sanitation is poor.
limitless and we are allowed to choose any distance we want. In the Yet we can easily go wrong. It is often said that the dangers of excessive
classroom, if a child must stay in a set area, they cannot define their space. use of antibiotics may create antibiotic-resistant bacteria. For children, a
It is expected that some students do not stay within certain boundaries. sterilized environment can be just as dangerous as a polluted one. In 2014,
The classroom space only exists because the boundary exists. When the we designed a unique hospital called Soranomori that specializes in infertility
boundary disappears, the constraints disappear. treatment. Usually hospitals are designed to be non-bacterial, sterilized
places but our body already has an immune system and is full of different
There is always a question made by visitors to Fuji Kindergarten on a rainy bacteria. In this hospital, the patients are encouraged to receive treatment
day, what happens if these children get wet. The answer of Mr Kato is very amid the natural environment, with open windows and exposure to the
simple :’ In Japan, children change their clothes if they get wet, they have Okinawa forests. We have received news that the success rate doubled
human skin and are waterproof. Unlike a mobile phone, children do not since introducing a hospital into this environment.
break when wet in a bathtub. They can be washed clean. Sometimes, I take
my own children to the sea to chase turtles. When my son was 7 years old he Children also need to be treated as a part of the natural environment.
was capable of swimming more than 1000 meters. Now he is 11 years old. Dr. Tsutomu Ohashi said, we are a kind grown up in the jungle; we cannot
He dives in the river and catches fishes. Children should be treated as a part deny what we are. When we overprotect children with artificially created
of the natural environment. environments, they cannot grow up properly. In Fuji Kindergarten, Mr. Kato
leaves the children on top of the roof. Some spontaneously run more than 6
Natural Environment kilometers in the morning. These children do not require any special training
in order to get faster and stronger. They may get wet and sometimes fall
Children are strong and capable enough to stay outdoors. Of course they down from a tree branch. They may tumble and get slight injuries. That is
need protection in extreme weather, though not all the time. When we think how they learn the way of life. Mr. Kato said, “don’t spoil them too much or
of old settlements, these buildings are comfortable enough for most of the they will grow up the wrong way. Because the ones who don’t break a bone
seasons. Comfort cannot be measured simply by temperature or humidity. In now, may get a more serious injury once he or she grows up.”
2001, we designed a house called Roof House, where the family enjoys living
and inhabiting the space on top of the inclined roof. When we published the Whenever I see the smiles of children who were raised at Fuji Kindergarten,
project we were criticized that the roof is too hot in summer and too cold in I get lumps in my throat at the thought of this joy being packed into a
winter. The critics were saying that the roof cannot be used and the design suitcase and sent to children all around the world. It is quite possible that
is based on fiction that I had imagined. The owner responded saying that the children who have access to the latest technology are not receiving a
they use the rooftop every day. The answer was very simple. The roof is hot in better education than the children with little access to the technology but
summer; therefore the roof should be used before sunrise or after dark while learn in a natural environment.
the roof is still cool. The roof is cold in winter; therefore the roof should be
used after noon when the roof gets warm enough.
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Fuji Kindergarten – Awards and Recognitions
2008
Architectural Institute of Japan: Architectural Design Division
2008 Prize
2009
Asia Pacific Property Awards: The Architecture Award
2011
OECD/CELE: The Best of All, OECD/CELE 4th Compendium of
Exemplary Educational Facilities
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Fuji Kindergarten – Evidence of Support
TESTIMONIAL
While visiting Japan as Chair of the OECD Centre for Effective Learning Environments (CELE) in 2012, I had the great privilege of visiting
your wonderful Fuji Kindergarden. This visit was arranged by Mr. FUKUEI SAITO, Director, Educational Facilities Research Center,
National Institute for Educational Policy Research (NIER) who with representatives of MEXT, I spent 3 hours being guided around by the
Owner Director of this private school. We were all deeply impressed by the enthusiasm and confidence of the staff and pupils we met. At a
personal level I was deeply moved by the great attention to every detail of this wonderful school environment.
Having visited many schools internationally without any doubt Fuji is one of my favourites. My congratulations again.
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Fuji Kindergarten – Evidence of Support
Yet underlying and stimulating all this admirable charm and intelligent design is a special understanding which clearly motivated the project. The Directors and
educationalists behind the scheme – coming as they were from the Montessori persuasion - were looking for an instrument that could demonstrate the benefits of
freedom and openness, not only of attitude to study and play, but its spatial and expressionistic implications. If the continuous rotation of space in the building gives
the impression of breaking boundaries, this is not just the architects’ whim but the implementation of this educational philosophy. Illustrative of this, is the fact that
Takaharu and Yui Tezuka – the architects – have their own children in the school, and had arrived at the seemingly unorthodox idea of a flat roof as playground via an
already tried and tested model - their earlier ‘Roof House’ in Hadano. If such a thing could be enjoyed by a family - then surely the same liberation up off the ground
could fit so well with the Montessori thinking.
The roof itself is set quite low to the ground, little more than two meters and space is interrupted sometimes by a succession of ‘boxes’, washroom boxes occur within
the nursery spaces, naked light bulbs hang (at a safe distance) from the ceiling, the existing trees run up through the structure unfettered by it. Again, this relaxed
attitude towards space, place and play is no mere laissez-faire or ramshackle approach, but is quite deliberate. In fact, close inspection reveals that these conditions
demand deft and sometimes tough detailing.
A later adjunct to the building - the ‘Ring Around a Tree’- functioning as an open English-language classroom and waiting space for the school bus, consists of 7
rotating platforms that certainly do circuit a large tree develop further the theme of free roaming and the breakout from conventional ideas of ‘room’ or ‘deck’ or ‘path’.
Yet again, the nonchalance with which it is used and its immediate appeal as a fusion of playground structure and operational element confirm the skill and intelligence
of the architects. The instantaneous charm of the place is in fact a subtle achievement that should point a directional finger at other architects, suggesting that both
social and educational commitment, immersion in a working idea and honest (but intensely thought) detailing are not incompatible with a unique form.
Furthermore, my experience of the architects themselves has always been stimulating and refreshing, one enjoys in their persons, the insight and commitment - as well
as the obvious talent – that is visible in the Kindergarten.
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Fuji Kindergarten – Video Link
Fuji
Kindergarten
Extracts from TEDxKyoto and various media
https://vimeo.com/205985723
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