NAK Hydraulic Pneumatic Handbook PDF

Fluid Power
Handbook
Dated 2005
Table of Contents
Chapter
1. Application Guide… … … .… … … … … … … … … … … 3
1.1 Introduction … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 3
1.2 Classifications of Rod Seals and Piston Seals … 4
1.3 Characteristics of seal … … … … … … … … … … … 10
1.4 Examples of Applications .… … … … … … … … 12
2. Sealing Mechanism … … … … … … … … … … … … … . 15
2.1 Seal Theory … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 15
2.1.1 Coefficient of Friction … … … … … … … … 18
2.1.2 Stribeck-Curve … … … … … … … … … … … 19
2.2 Seal Life … … … … … … … … … … … … ..… … … … 20
2.2.1 Service Life … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 20
2.2.2 Shelf Life … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 21
3. Selection of Seals … … … … … … ...… … … … … … … . 22
3.1 Seal Types … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 22
3.1.1 Rod Seal … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 22
3.1.2 Piston Seal … … … … … … … … … … … … … 24
3.1.3 Symmetric Seal … … … … … … … … … … … . 27
3.1.4 Wiper … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 28
3.1.5 U-Packing + Ring … … … … … … … … … … . 33
3.1.6 Static Seal … … … … … … … … … … … … … . 34
3.2 How to Select the Correct Seal … … … … … … 35
4. Materials … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 37
4.1 Material Compounds … … … … … … … … … … … . 37
4.2 Classification of Material … … … … … … … … 40
4.3 Materials & Fluid Compatibility … … … … … … 43
5. Installation of Seals … … … … … … … … … … … … 45
5.1 Caution when installing the Seal … … … … … … … 45
1
5.2 How to Install the Seal … … … … … … … … … 47
6. Cylinder Design Parameters .… … … … … 52
6.1 Tolerance of Bore and Shaft … … … … … … … … 54
Appendix:
1. Product Information … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 56
2. Packing Design Sheet … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . 120
2
Chapter 1 Application Guide
1.1 Introduction
Nowadays, the different operation conditions and critical
requirements are found in hydraulic and pneumatic systems and
equipments. As a result, a large variety of different seal types are
needed and the sealing elements are required with long service life and
perfect reliability. The critical factors that influence the sealing
performance, therefore, should be noticed, such as speed of stroke,
temperature, system pressure and media. In addition, low friction, no
leakage to atmosphere, and low price/performance ratio should also be
considered.
Both U-rings and wipers are important sealing elements used in
hydraulic and pneumatic systems and equipments. Their main function is
to avoid the medium escaping from the cylinder piston and rod ensuring
the cylinder function whether in a pressured or un-pressured state.
3
1.2 Classification of Rod seals and Piston seals
Type Application conditions Piston seal Characteristic Rod seal Characteristic
UIP has an asymmetrical profile

of the sealing lips.
0 ~ 20 Mpa UOP has excellent wear
WP3 protects cylinders against
-30 ~ 100℃ resistance and sealing ability.
ingress of dirt and maintains
UOP sealing performance of packings.
UIP WP3
(PU 90) (PU 90) (PU 90)
UNR has a symmetrical profile of

the sealing lip, and the height of
UNR has a symmetrical profile both sealing lip is equal.
Heat-resistant
of the sealing lips, and the WP4 protects cylinders against
0 ~ 14 Mpa
height of both sealing lip is ingress of dirt and maintains
-25 ~ 200℃
equal. sealing performance of packings.
UNR UNR WP4 Having a double lip, WP4 can
(FKM 90) (FKM 90) (PU 90)
prevent oil from scraping off.

UNR has a symmetrical profile the sealing lip, and the height of
Cold-resistant
of the sealing lips, and the both sealing lip is equal.
0 ~ 14 Mpa
height of both sealing lip is WP3 protects cylinders against
-40 ~ 100℃
equal. ingress of dirt and maintains
UNR UNR WP3
(NBR 90) (PU 90) sealing performance of packings.
(NBR 90)
4

0 ~ 14 Mpa of the sealing lips, and the WPK protects cylinders against
-40 ~ 100℃ height of both sealing lip is ingress of dirt and maintains
UNR UNR WPK Having a double lip, WPK can
(NBR 90) (NBR 90) (NBR 90) prevent oil from scraping off.

0 ~ 14 Mpa of the sealing lips, and the WP4 protects cylinders against
UNR UNR WP4
(NBR 90) (PU 90)
Having a double lip, WP4 can
(NBR 90)

sealing performance of packings.
UOP UIP WP4 Having a double lip, it can prevent
(PU 90) (PU 90) (PU 90) oil from scraping off.
5

UNP has a symmetrical profile of

the sealing lip, excellent wear
resistance, and sealing ability.
0 ~ 20 Mpa UOP has excellent wear WPK protects cylinders against
-30 ~ 100℃ resistance and sealing ability. ingress of dirt and maintains
UOP UNP WPK
(PU 90) (NBR 90)
Having a double lip, WPK can
(PU 90)

the sealing lip,the height of both
UNR has a symmetrical profile sealing lip is equal.
0 ~ 14 Mpa of the sealing lips, and the WP4 protects cylinders against
UNR UNR WP4
(NBR 90) (PU 90)
Having a double lip, it can prevent
(NBR 90)
oil from scraping off.
6
UNP has a symmetrical profile of

the sealing lip, excellent wear
resistance, and sealing ability.
0 ~ 14 Mpa UOP has excellent wear WP4 protects cylinders against
-30 ~ 100℃ resistance and sealing ability. ingress of dirt and maintains
UOP UNP WP4 Having a double lip, WP4 can
(PU 90) (PU 90) (PU 90)


UOP sealing performance of packings.
UIP WP3
(PU 90) (PU 90) (PU 90)
7


UNR has a symmetrical profile
0 ~ 14 Mpa of the sealing lips, and the
-30 ~ 100℃ height of both sealing lip is
UNR equal.
UIP WP5 WP5 has high dustproof
(NBR 90) (NBR 90) (PU 90) performance.

UOP Having a double lip, WP4 can
UIP WP4
(PU 90) (PU 90) (PU 90) prevent oil from scraping off.
8

UOP UIP WP4 Having a double lip, WP4 can
(PU 90) (PU 90) (PU 90) prevent oil from scraping off.
0 ~ 16 Mpa UIP has an asymmetrical profile

_ _
-30 ~ 100℃ of the sealing lips.
UIP
(PU 90)
9
1.3 Characteristics of seal
The characteristics of U-rings are described as following:
1. Have long service life.
2. Avoid leakage.
3. Easily remove and install.
4. Be compatible with the fluid at operating temperature and pressure.
5. Not pollute the hydraulic fluid with compounding factors.
6. Avoid foreign materials entering.
The function of different packing types used in the cylinder are described
as Table1.1 (See Fig. 1 to Fig. 3):
Table 1.1 Function of packing types
Type FUNCTION
Prevent air bypass between the piston head and
(1) Piston Seal
cylinder bore.
(2) Wear Ring Prevent metal-to-metal contact.
Eliminate leakage along the static and dynamic
(3) Rod Seal
surfaces.
Exclude contaminants from entering the system,
(4) Wiper
therefore extending equipment life.
Absorb shocks at the end of a cylinder stroke and
(5) Cushion Seal
prevent damage and impact noise.
10
Cushion Seal CushionPiston
Seal Seal Rod Seal
Cushion Seal Wear Ring Wiper
Fig. 1
Rod Seal
Piston Seal
Wiper
Wear Ring
Cushion Seal Cushion Seal
Fig. 2 Fig. 3
11
1.4 Examples of application
The seal is commonly used in: tooling machines (e.g. injection

molding machine 、 compression molding machine etc.), engineering
machines (e.g. excavator, bulldozer, backhoe etc.), transportation (e.g. car,
diesel engine, bicycle etc.), conveyances (e.g. crane, forklifts etc.),
agricultural machines (tractors、combines etc.), and others (hydraulic
elevator, plunger pump etc.). During machine operation, the oil seal
must be able to adopt all kinds of different application environment. In
order to prevent the contaminants from entering the system and extend
equipment life, the seal is necessary to be used in the transportation
system.
Hydraulic and Pneumatic seals can be used in these areas:

1. Tooling machines:
These seals need to resist higher temperature and pressure.
2. Engineering machines:
These seals must be used in outdoor dirty environment, which may
include contamination such as dust, mud, dirt, rocks, rain, and other
12
materials.
3. Transportation:
These seals can be used from low to medium pressures in a relatively
clean or indoor environment. Application range is from light to medium
duty.
4. Conveyances:
These seals must have low leakage, little or no stick-slip, low friction,
which can see a diverse range of temperatures and contamination.
13
5. Agricultural machines:
These seals often require working in a variety of temperature and
atmospheric conditions, which can seal a great deal of pollution.
14
Chapter 2 Sealing Mechanism
2.1 Seal Theory
During the reciprocating motion, the seal and sliding surface will be
separated by the thickness of the lubricating film. That is able to avoid
oil leakage and decrease frictional force and continual wear on the sliding
surface. During the motion of the contact pressure distribution and the
frictional force in the interface, the micro-asperities will be produced.
This will cause the pumping effect to prevent oil leakage (Figure 1).
Figure 1
By using the given contact pressure distribution due to the initial

compression and continued pressure, the thickness of the lubricating film
and leakage volume can be calculated by applying Reynolds equation
(equation 1) described as follows:
dP h−h
= 6ηU 3 … … … … … … … … … … … … (1)
dx h
P : var iable pressure in the film

η : kinematic vis cos ity inside the gap
U : velocity of rod on the stoke
h : var iable film height
h : the film height at the position of max imum pressure
When hydraulic cylinder piston stop rod is on the forward stoke, the
maximum of contact pressure ( P1max ) must higher than the hydraulic
pressure ( P1) . Based on the contact pressure distribution, we can find the
15
film thickness ( hP ) of the outstroke depends on the maximum pressure
gradient on the fluid side ( dP / dx) max, P . (See Figure 2)
Figure 2
Maximum Pressure Gradient

contact pressure
axial position
When hydraulic cylinder piston stop rod is on the return stoke, the
maximum of contact pressure ( P2 max ) must higher than the hydraulic
pressure ( P2 ) . Based on the contact pressure distribution, we can find
that the film thickness ( hM ) of the instroke depends on the maximum
pressure gradient on the atmospheric side ( dP / dx ) max, M . ( See Figure 3)
16
Figure 3
Maximum PressureFigure 2
Gradient
contact pressure
axial position
The major factors that affect the nature of the fluid film are viscosity
of the fluid at operating temperature, the relative velocity between the
seal and the sliding surface, and the maximum contact pressure gradient.
Equation (2) shows the relationship between these factors.
8ηU
h= … … … … … … … … … (2)
9 dP / dx max
η : kinematic vis cos ity of fluid

dP / dx max : absolute value of max imum contact pressure gradient
17
In addition, the film thickness ( hP ) of the outstroke and the film
thickness ( hM ) on the instroke can be calculated by equation 2 shown as
equation 3.
8ηU P
hP =
9 dP / dx max, P
8ηU M
hM = … … … … … … … … (3)
9 dP / dx max, M
U P : velocity on the forward stoke

U M : velocity on the return stoke
dP / dx max,P : absolute value of max imum contact pressure gradient on the forward stoke
dP / dx max,M : absolute value of max imum contact pressure gradient on the return stoke
During the cylinder’s reciprocating motion, the leakage between the

seal and the sliding surface per cycle can be calculated by equation 4.
1
Q = πDL (h P − hM ) … … … … … … … … … … … (4)
2
Q : net leakage volume per cycle
D : rod diameter
L : stoke length
Therefore, the seal’s qualification must correspond to the

leakage Q ≤ 0 . Equation 4 shows that the dynamic sealing mechanism
is hP ≤ hM .
2.1.1 Coefficient of friction f
Equation 5 presents the relation between the frictional force (F),

viscosity of the fluid (U), and contact area (A).
F ∝ η UA … … … … … … … … … … … … ...… … . (5)
F : frictional force
η : kinematic vis cos ity inside the gap
A : contact area
18
Frictional force divided by radial load equals coefficient of friction.
Thus, equation (6) divided by radial load ( N P ), the results are as
follows.
F ηUA
∝ … … … … … … … … … … … … (6)
NP NP
A
Here, F represents frictional coefficient ( f ). In addition, are the
NP NP
1
reciprocal of contact stress , so equation (6) can be the
P
ηU
f ∝ … … … … … … .… … … … … … .... (7)
P
The above-mentioned are the friction equation of the sliding surface.

ηU
takes into a non-dimensional parameter.
P
2.1.2 Stribeck-Curve
Figure (4) shows the lubricating situation during the different

operating environment and conditions. The Stribeck-Curve can be
divided into three frictional conditions as follows.
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
friction coefficient f
Figure 4 ηU
P
1. I: static friction (dry solid-body friction), the thickness of the
lubricating film h is close to Zero.
19
2. II: mixed friction (solid-body friction and fluid friction), the
thickness of the lubricating film h is close to the surface roughness
( Ra ).
3. III: fluid friction (no solid-body contact), the thickness of the
lubricating film h is greater than the surface roughness.
High frictional force can cause over-heat and over-wear. Thus, the
frictional force is an critical factor that can affect the efficiency of the
seals installed in cylinder mechanism. The ideal design for seals is to
reach the mixed friction region. The goal is to decrease the frictional
force and continual wear during the reciprocating and make the seals
have the best properties and long service life.
2.2 Seal Life
2.2.1 Service Life
For a seal, to provide reliable service and long life, the balance
between the friction behavior and the leakage must be achieved. (See
figure 5)
Leakage v.s. Friction Force
Friction Force
Leakage Rate
Leakage Rate
Friction Force
Speed
Figure 5
20
2.2.2 Shelf Life
a. Storage Conditions
In order to maintain the chemical and physical properties of the

seal’s material for a long time, the factors that have the influence on the
material should be noticed, such as the temperature, humidity, direct
sunlight, radiation, oxygen, ozone, deformation, and contact with fluids.
b. Storage Procedures
(1) Maintain packings in the suitable temperature (21 ℃ ~25 ℃ ) after

packings are packaged by NAK in a box.
(2) Protect packings from dust sticking after opening the packings.
Meantime, Keep the packings in their original conditions in the
storage until the time of delivery date.
(3) Be careful to avoid rust developing in the product with metal rings and
humidity (≦ 65% r.h.) affecting polyurethane products.
(4) Protect packings from direct lights while in storage.
(5) Confirm that no foreign contaminates will pollute original packings
while in storage.
c. Expiring date of keeping packings in storage
Material Expiring date of keeping in storage (years)

NBR 10
FKM 10
PU 10
21
Chapter 3 Selection of Seals
3.1 Seal Types
3.1.1 Rod Seal

Standard Material Speification
Product Product
Service Application Cross Section Service range Characteristics Main usage
Name Material Information
Pressure(MPa) Max. Speed(m/s) Temp(℃)
●Standard cylinder
NK961 -35~100 Seal designed with asymmetric lips. Usually ●Cylinders for construction
Hydraulic UIR 15 0.5 page 56
VN901 -25~200 used for rod hydraulic application. and industrial vehicles
●Cylinders for robots
Seal designed with asymmetric lips. The

lip seal may easily be snapped into the
NK961 -35~100
Hydraulic/Pneumatic CIR 10 0.5 grooves. The seal should be taken ●Standard cylinders page 57
VN901 -25~200
carefully and not be pulld over sharp
edges.
NK961 Flange packings are single-acting non-

Hydraulic LIR 4 0.5 -30~100 ●Standard cylinders page 58
VN901 symmetrica lip-type rod seals
UB903
Seal designed with asymmetric lips.
Hydraulic UIP UB904 40 0.5 -40~100 ●Standard cylinders page 59
Usually used for rod hydraulic application.
UK905

UB903
secondary edge can reduce
Hydraulic UIP2 UB904 40 0.5 -40~100 ●Standard cylinders page 60
leakage,friction, and dirt ingression .
UK905
Usually used for rod hydraulic application.
UB903
Seal designed with symmetric lips can be
Hydraulic UNP2 UB904 40 1 -40~100 ●Standard cylinder page 61
used for piston and rod application.
UK905
22
UB903 lip seal may easily be snapped into the
Hydraulic CIP UB904 40 0.5 -40~100 grooves. The seal should be taken ●Standard cylinders page 62
UK905 carefully and not be pulled over sharp
edges.
UB903
Flange packings are single-acting non-
Hydraulic LIP UB904 40 0.5 -40~100 ●Standard cylinders page 63
symmetrica lip-type rod seals
UK905
23
3.1.2 Piston Seal
Product Product
Pressure(MPa) Max. Speed(m/s) Temp(℃ )
Seal designed with the asymmetric lips.

NKC61 -40~100
Pneumatic PP 1 1 Usually used for pneumatic piston ● Standard cylinders page 64
VNC25 -25~200
application.
Seal designed with a case body and rubber

NK761 -40~100
Pneumatic PDV 1.2 1 lips. Usually used for larger pressure ● Standard cylinders page 65
VN761 -25~200
condition than standard seal.
Seal designed with a case body, spring and

NK961 -35~100
Hydraulic PDC 6 0.5 rubber lip. Seals feature is stable for high ● Standard cylinders page 66
VN901 -25~200
pressure and slower speed.

NK961 -35~100
Hydraulic PDH 6 0.5 rubber lip. Seals feature is stable for high ● Standard cylinders page 67
VN901 -25~200

NK761 -40~100
Pneumatic PDV1 1.2 1 lips. Usually used for larger pressure ● Standard cylinders page 68
VN761 -25~200

NK961 -35~100
Hydraulic PSC 6 0.5 rubber lip. Seals feature is stable for high ● Standard cylinders page 69
VN901 -25~200
24
NK761 -40~100
Pneumatic PSV 1.2 1 lips. Usually used for larger pressure ● Standard cylinders page 70
VN761 -25~200

NK761 -40~100
Pneumatic PSV1 1.2 1 lips. Usually used for larger pressure ● Standard cylinders page71
VN761 -25~200

NK761 -40~100
Pneumatic PSV2 1.2 1 lips. Usually used for larger pressure ● Standard cylinders page 72
VN761 -25~200
Seal designed with asymmetric lips. The lip

NK961 -35~100 seal may easily be snapped into the grooves.
Hydraulic/Pneumatic COR 10 0.5 ● Standard cylinders page 73
VN901 -25~200 The seal should be taken carefully and not be
pul d over sharp edges.
NK961 Flange packings are single-acting non-

Hydraulic LOR 4 0.5 -30~100 ● Standard cylinders page 74
VN901 symmetrica lip-type piston seals
UB903
Seal designed with asymmetric lips. Usually
Hydraulic UOP UB904 40 0.5 -40~100 ● Standard cylinders page 75
used for rod hydraulic application.
UK905
Seal designed with asymmetric lips. The lip

UB903
seal may easily be snapped into the grooves.
Hydraulic COP UB904 40 0.5 -40~100 ● Standard cylinders page 76
The seal should be taken carefully and not be
UK905
pulled over sharp edges.
25
UB903
Flange packings are single-acting non-
Hydraulic LOP UB904 40 0.5 -40~100 ● Standard cylinders page 77
symmetrica lip-type piston seals
UK905
26
3.1.3 Symmetric
Product Product
NK961 -35~100 Seal designed with symmetric lips can be

Hydraulic UNR 14 0.5 ●Standard cylinder page 78
VN901 -25~200 used for piston and rod application.
NK961 -35~100 Seal designed with symmetric lips can be

Hydraulic CNR 10 0.5 ●Standard cylinder page 79
VN901 -25~200 used for piston and rod application.
UB903
Hydraulic UNP UB904 30 1 -40~100 ●Standard cylinder page 80
UK905
UB903
Hydraulic UNP1 UB904 40 1 -40~100 ●Standard cylinder page 81
UK905
UB903
Hydraulic CNP UB904 20 0.5 -40~100 ●Standard cylinder page 82
UK905
UB903
Hydraulic UP1 UB904 45 1 -40~100 ●Standard cylinder page 83
UK905
27
3.1.4 Wiper
Product Product
UB903
Popular dust seals. Used for heavy duty ●Standard cylinder
Hydraulic/Pneumatic WP1 UB904 - 1 -40~100 page 84
application. ●Heavy-duty cylinders
UK905
UB903
Hydraulic/Pneumatic WP2 UB904 - 2 -40~100 Popular dust seals. ●Standard cylinder page 85
UK905
UB903
Popular dust seals. Add the steel case ●Standard cylinder
clad. Used for heavy duty application. ●Heavy-duty cylinders
UK905
UB903
UK905
UB903
UK905
UB903
UK905
28
3.1.4 Wiper
Product Product
UB903
skeleton. Used for heavy duty application. ●Heavy-duty cylinders
UK905
UB903
Popular dust seals. Add an indentation for
Hydraulic/Pneumatic WP8 UB904 - 2 -40~100 ●Standard cylinder page 91
special application.
UK905
UB903
Popular dust seals. Add an indentation for
Hydraulic/Pneumatic WP10 UB904 - 1 -40~100 ●Standard cylinder page 92
special application.
UK905
UB903
UK905
UB903
skeleton. Used for heavy duty application. ●Heavy-duty cylinders
UK905
UB903
Popular dust seals. Used for heavy duty ●Standard cylinder
application. ●Heavy-duty cylinders
UK905
29
3.1.4 Wiper
Product Product
UB903 Popular dust seals. Add an indentation for

●Standard cylinder
Hydraulic/Pneumatic WP22 UB904 - 1 -40~100 special application. Used for heavy duty page 96
●Heavy-duty cylinders
UK905 application.
NK961 -35~100 Popular dust seals. Add the steel case ●Standard cylinder
Hydraulic/Pneumatic WPB - 1 page 97
VN901 -25~200 clad. Used for heavy duty application. ●Heavy-duty cylinders
Hydraulic/Pneumatic WPC 2 page 98
VN901 -25~200 skeleton. Used for heavy duty application. ●Heavy-duty cylinders
Hydraulic/Pneumatic WPK - 1 page 99
Hydraulic/Pneumatic WPM - 1 page 100
Hydraulic/Pneumatic WPR - 2 page 101
30
3.1.4 Wiper
Product Product
Hydraulic/Pneumatic WPV - 1 page 102
NK961 -35~100
Hydraulic/Pneumatic WP12 - 2 Popular dust seals. ●Standard cylinder page 103
VN901 -25~200
Hydraulic/Pneumatic WP13 - 1 page 104
NK961 -35~100
Hydraulic/Pneumatic WP14 - 1 Popular dust seals. ●Standard cylinder page 105
VN901 -25~200
NK961 -35~100 Popular dust seals. Add an indentation for

Hydraulic/Pneumatic WP15 - 2 ●Standard cylinder page 106
VN901 -25~200 special application.

31
3.1.4 Wiper
Product Product
NK961 -35~100
Hydraulic/Pneumatic WP19 1 Popular dust seals. ●Standard cylinder page 108
VN901 -25~200

32
3.1.5 U-Packing+Ring
Product Product
A loaded U-packing with a fitted O-ring

U-Packing: PU
Hydraulic HB 35 0.5 -30~100 ,and the O-ring provids extreme loads for ●Standard cylinder page 110
O-Ring:NBR
effective sealing at low or zero pressure.

U-Packing: PU
Hydraulic HD 35 0.5 -30~100 ,and the O-ring provids extreme loads for ●Standard cylinder page 111
O-Ring:NBR

U-Packing: PU
Hydraulic HS 35 0.5 -30~100 ,and the O-ring provids extreme loads for ●Standard cylinder page 112
O-Ring:NBR
A loaded U-packing with a fitted X-ring

U-Packing: PU ,and the X-Ring under the U-packing
Hydraulic HBX 35 0.5 -30~100 ●Standard cylinder page 113
O-Ring:NBR provides positive wiping for effective
sealing at low or zero pressure.

Hydraulic HDX 35 0.5 -30~100 ●Standard cylinder page 114

Hydraulic HSX 35 0.5 -30~100 ●Standard cylinder page 115
33
3.1.6 Static Seal
Product
Service Application Product Cross Section Service range Characteristics Main usage
Material Information
Name Pressure(MPa) Max. Speed(m/s) Temp(℃)
NK761 -40~100 A popular round shape makes it be the most

Pneumatic/Hydraulic O-ring 10 - ●Standard cylinder page 116
VNC25 -25~200 widely used ring in static.
The special four-lipped design makes it better

NK761 -40~100
Pneumatic/Hydraulic X-ring 10 - than O- ring in some aspects, especially less prone ●Standard cylinder page 117
VNC25 -25~200 to twist in dynamic applications.
The simple square cross section makes it a good

NK761 -40~100 replacement for O-ring in high pressure static
Pneumatic/Hydraulic SQ-ring 10 - ●Standard cylinder page 118
VNC25 -25~200 applications. Low cost is another factor why it is
used.
NK761 -40~100 The customized D-shape design can meet special

Pneumatic/Hydraulic D-ring 10 - ●Standard cylinder page 119
VNC25 -25~200 needs with a better groove support.
Note: 1 MPa=10 bar
34
3.2 How to Select the Correct Seal
The following introduces the factors that have influences on the type
of Hydraulic and Pneumatic seals when choosing the seals.
1. Application
What applications are suitable, hydraulic or pneumatic? What
application location are suitable, Piston or Rod? How about
condition of your application, as the roughness, is suitable?
2. Size
What size is fit? Please consult the specification at the appendix.
If there is no specification, please fill out the seal design sheet and
send to us. That will help us to design the seal for “You.”
3. Temperature:
The two critical factors, the media and working temperature, needs to
be determined in selecting the correct seal. Moreover, the possible
and continuous working temperatures should be determined, and
their maximum values should be noticed. The temperature affects
to choice the seal’s material. (Please see chapter 3.1)
4. Pressure:
Greater pressure will make the lip wear to increase while operating,
and then influence sealing function. This is why the system
pressure is the important factor needed to be made sure when
choosing the seal type. (Please see chapter 3.1)
5. Linear Velocity:
In the hydraulic and pneumatic systems, understanding the number
of movements per minute of cylinder strokes and calculating the
velocity are the two important elements. (Please see chapter 3.1)
6. Media:
The type of the media used is very important in choosing the
material for the sealing element. If the media not matches the seal
35
material, the sealing function will decrease. Moreover, the value of
the media fill is also important. The application is for running dry,
lubricant, no lubricant, etc.
Pressure
Temperature
Media
Size
Linear
Application
Velocity
36
Chapter 4 Materials
4.1 Material Compounds
NBR
NBR is the most generally used material in all areas of seal
technology due to its good physical and mechanical characteristics. It is
a polymer of butadiene and acrylonitrile. The acrylonitrile (ACN)
content is between 18% and 50% (see table 4.1). Contents ranging from
28% to 38% are commonplace. It is most frequently used in hydraulic
and pneumatic system due to it is highly resistant to mineral oils,
vegetable oils and many acids. It is commonly attacked by ozone,
ketones, esters, aldehydes, chlorinated and nitro hydrocarbons.
Table 4.1 ACN content changed affect physical property

Bond ACN Content
Properties
18% ←→ 50%
→ Hardness increase
→ Tensile strength increase
→ Oils resistance increase
→ Heat resistance increase
→ Antifriction ability increase
→ Chemicals resistance increase
← Elasticity increase
← Plasicizers compatibility increase
← Low temperature property increase
Fig 4.1 the structure of NBR
37
FKM
VITON® Rubber is one of the most promising elastomer family in
the world. FKM has various composition and fluorine contents from 65
to 71%. It has high resistance to temperature, weathering, ozone, and
chemicals. The thermal operating range is up to 220℃. It also has
good tensile strength, resilience, low compression set. Moreover, it is
highly resistant to almost all mineral oil based and synthetic-based
hydraulic fluids. In contrast, it is not resistant to polar solvents, ketones,
and brake fluid.
Fig 4.2 the structure of FKM
38
PU
Polyurethane is one of the groups of elastic thermoplastic materials.
PU has been used in seal technology for many years because of their
physical characteristics. It is an organic material of high molecular
weight whose chemical composition is characterized by a large number of
urethane groups. In addition, it is characterized by extremely good
mechanical properties such as high tensile strength, abrasive resistance,
tear strength, and extrusion strength. The temperature range is between
-40℃ and 100℃ . However, it is not resistant to polar solvents,
chlorinated hydrocarbons, aromatics, brake fluids, acids, and alkalis.
Fig 4.3 the structure of PU
39
4.2 Classification of Material
Table 4.2 the coded meaning of material
1st Digit 3rd Digit
1st Digit 2nd Digit 3rd Digit
Material Color Hardness
N K 7 0 1 Symbol Meaning Symbol Meaning Symbol Meaning
N NBR K Black 9 90±5
U PU B Blue 8 80±5
V FKM N Brown C 75±5
2nd Digit 4th & 5th Digit
- - - - 7 70±5
1st Digit ─ Material 3rd Digit ─ Hardness
2nd Digit ─ Color 4th & 5th Digit ─ Property (Sequential Number)
Table 4.3 Test condition follow ASTM D2000 standard

Test Standard Properties Measured Notice
D2240 Hardness Test methods for rubber property
D412 Tensile strength Test methods for vulcanized rubber and thermoplastic rubbers and thermoplastic elastomers
D412 Elongation Test methods for vulcanized rubber and thermoplastic rubbers and thermoplastic elastomers
D624 Tear strength Test method for tear strength of conventional vulcanized rubber and thermoplastic elastomers
D395 Compression set Test methods for rubber property
D1329 TR10 Test methods for evaluating rubber property
D573 Heat resistance Test methods for rubber
40
Table 4.4 Material and characteristic introduction
Physical Property
Temperature Range
Material Code Hardness Tensile strength Elongation Tear strength Characteristic
(℃)
(Shore A) MPa (psi) (%) (Kg/cm)
NK701 68 16.13 (2339) 453 67 -40~100 For resistant oils and good adhesion with iron
NK761 71 17.21 (2497) 392 65 -40~100 For resistant oils and friction
NKC61 75 16.02 (2324) 342 77 -40~100 For low temperature and resistant oils
NBR
NK861 79 16.52 (2397) 308 69 -40~100 For low temperature and resistant oils
NK901 87 19.97 (2896) 211 49 -40~100 For high hardness and good adhesion with iron
NK961 87 17.57 (2549) 197 45 -35~100 For high hardness and high pressure
VN761 71 14.61 (2119) 285 46 -25~200 For high temperature condition
FKM VNC25 75 16.88 (2449) 220 44 -25~200 For reciprocating action and high temperature
VN901 88 14.50 (2104) 138 39 -25~200 For high hardness and high temperature
UB903 94 48.32 (7010) 547 209 -40~100 For high pressure and friction
PU UB904 94 47.73 (6921) 500 177 -40~100 For high pressure and friction
UK905 95 44.83 (6500) 457 189 -30~100 For high pressure and friction
41
Heat Resistance
Compression Set
Hardness change Tensile strength change Elongation change (%)
(points) (%) (%) TR10
Material Code Suitable Types
Test condition (℃)
A：100℃，70hours B：250℃，70hours C：100℃，24hours

D：200℃，22hours E：100℃，22hours
NK701 +1 (A) +9 (A) -9 (A) +10 (E) -34 PDV
NK761 +5 (A) +11 (A) -17 (A) +7 (E) -29
NKC61 +6 (A) +10 (A) -30 (A) +7 (E) -29 PP
NBR NK861 +5 (A) +12 (A) -8 (A) +10 (E) -29
NK901 +7 (A) +7 (A) -10 (A) +8 (E) -33 PDC
UIR, UNR, PDC, WP14,
NK961 +6 (A) +15 (A) -7 (A) +12 (E) -30
WP17, WP19, WP20
VN761 +3 (B) -3 (B) -22 (B) +12 (D) -18 PDV
VNC25 +1 (B) -11 (B) -17 (B) +7 (D) -16 PP
FKM
UIR, UNR, PDC, WP14,
VN901 +2 (B) -3 (B) -20 (B) +9 (D) -16
WP17, WP19, WP20
UB903 0 (A) +5 (A) +1 (A) +54 (C) -35 WP21, WP22, WP1
PU UB904 0 (A) -6 (A) -2 (A) +58 (C) -33 WP21, WP22, WP1
UK905 0 (A) +8 (A) +12 (A) +66(C) -26 WP21, WP22, WP1
42
4.3 Materials & Fluid Compatibility
Table 4.5 Material and fluids compatibility

Automatic
Hypoid gear Silicon based
Material Code Motor oils transmission Water Air Brake fluids
oils greases
fluid
Temperature
-40~150 -50~160 -40~150 -50~250 0~100 -15~200 -50~130
range (℃)
Maximum used temperature in fluids (℃)
NK701
NK761
NKC61
NBR 100 100 90 100 80 100 NS
NK861
NK901
NK961
VN761
FKM VNC25 150 160 150 200 100 200 NS
VN901
UB903
PU UB904 100 100 100 100 40 40 NS
UK905
43
Isooctane
ASTM ASTM Isooctane (70%) Fuel for gasoline
Material Code Diesel fuel
NO.1 Oil IRM 903 Oil (100%) Toluene and petrol engines
(30%)
Temperature
＜150 ＜150 Room temp. Room temp. Room temp. Room temp.
range (℃)
Maximum used temperature in fluids (℃)
NK701
NK761
NKC61
NBR 100 100 Room temp. Room temp. Room temp NS
NK861
NK901
NK961
VN761
FKM VNC25 150 150 Room temp. Room temp. Room temp Room temp.
VN901
UB903
PU UB904 100 100 Room temp. Room temp. Room temp NS
UK905
NS：Denotes that the elastomer is not suitable
44
Chapter 5
Installation of Seals
5.1 Caution when installing the seal
To avoid damage when installing the seal, the following precautions
should always be taken.
² Correct direction
Make sure the installation of the seal must take place with the
prestressed side facing the direction of pressure. See Fig 5.1.
Pressure Pressure
Fig. 5.1
² Lead in chamfer
The lead in chamfers on the cylinder (see Fig. 5.2) and piston rod
(see Fig. 5.3) are necessary, since it can prevent the seal from damage
when installing.
Fig. 5.2 Fig. 5.3
² Protective devices
The protective devices should be used when installing. The seal

should not be pushed over the sharp edges, drillings, gaps, or rough
surfaces. See Fig. 5.4.
45
Fig. 5.4
² Installation tools
To avoid damage, the installation tools should be used with soft

material and not have any sharp edges. See Fig. 5.5.
Fig. 5.5
² Cleanliness
To prevent damaging the sealing function, dust, dirt, metal ship and
any foreign particles must be carefully removed. See Fig. 5.6.
Fig. 5.6
² The groove and associated metal areas
The groove and associated metal areas will contact the seal should
not be any sharp edges.
46
² Lubrication
The seal, cylinders, rods and installation tools must be lightly

lubricated before installation.
5.2 How to install the seal

Rod and Symmetrical packing installation
² Split installations
Method A
To be used for “heel first” installation into open grooves.
(1) Installation procedure
U packing can be installed “heel first” into open grooves without
difficulty. See Fig. 5.7.
Fig. 5.7
Method B
To be used for “lip first” installation into open grooves.
(1) Installation tools
a. Assembly bushing: The main function is to protect the U packing
from threads, shoulders, any metal or plastic may be used.
Meantime, it must be smooth and lubricated.
b. Pusher plug (see Fig. 5.8). Soft metal or plastic be used.
U packing can be installed “lip first” into open grooves without
difficulty by using assembly bushing to protect the U packing during
installation of the piston into the cylinder. See Fig. 5.8.
47
a. Assembly bushing
b. Pusher plug
Fig. 5.8
Rod and Symmetrical packing installation

² Snap-in installations
Method A
To be used for installing small as well as large U packing.
a. Groove alignment plug; curvature of plug (see Fig. 5.9) not critical.
Therefore, in order to be flush with groove edge, the installation
tools (such as, any metal or plastic) must be smooth and lubricated.
b. Pusher plug or rod (see Fig. 5.9). Soft metal or plastic be used.
Squeeze U packing together and feed end into bore first, until lower
end is engaged in installation groove. Release U packing and force
upper end of U packing downward using pusher rod until U packing
snaps into groove.
b. Pusher plug
a. Groove alignment plug

Fig. 5.9
Method B
To be used for installing large U packing.
48
The body of the installation tool (see Fig. 5.10).
a. Part 1 may be made from any soft metal or hard plastic machined
smooth and free of burrs.
b. Part 2 inserted into the body of the installation tool is a fixed steel
pin.
c. Part 3 and 4 are two movable pins.
a. Slip the U packing over part 2 fixed pin and bend it over part 3
movable pin. See Fig. 5.11.
b. Continue bending U packing until part 4 movable pin can be
pushed through the U packing loop which locks U packing in
position. See Fig. 5.11.
c. Withdraw part 4 movable pin so that U packing loop snap in
installation groove. See Fig. 5.12.
d. Withdraw part 3 movable pin and U packing will completely
snap into the groove. See Fig. 5.13.
e. Withdraw installation tool.
Part 1 Part 2
Part 2
Part 3
Part 3
Part 4 Part 4
Fig. 5.10 Fig. 5.11
Part 4
Part 3
49
Fig. 5.12 Fig. 5.13
Piston and Symmetrical packing installation
² Split installations
Method A
To be used for “heel first” installation into open grooves.
U packing can be installed “heel first” into open grooves without
difficulty. See Fig. 5.14.
Fig. 5.14
Method B
To be used for “lip first” installation into open grooves.
Assembly bushing: The main function is to protect the U packing
from threads, shoulders, any metal or plastic may be used.
Meantime, it must be smooth and lubricated. See Fig. 5.15.
U packing to be installed “lip first”, using assembly bushing to
protect the U packing during installation of the piston into the
cylinder. See Fig. 5.15.
Assembly bushing
Fig. 5.15
Piston and Symmetrical packing installation

² Snap-in installations
To be used for installing large U packing.
50
The installation tool consists of a circular pivot with an arm inserted
through it. The circular pivot is sized so as to fit in the position
guide hole. The installation tool may be made of steel. See Fig.
5.17. Cone-shaped installation tools should not be used to install
snap-in type piston seals, as this will cause the U packing to be
stretched to a much larger diameter that will require a very high
assembly force.
Installation will be facilitated if piston can be clamped to a vise
during U packing installation. Lubrication of U packing for this
type of installation is mandatory. (1) Snap one side of the U
packing into the installation groove in piston (see Fig. 5.16). (2)
Hold U packing in installation groove with thumb while inserting
tool (see Fig. 5.17) in guide hole. (3) Apply a downward force on
installation tool while rotating handle 3600 (see Fig. 5.18). (4)This
will snap U packing into groove (see Fig. 5.19).
Fig. 5.16 Fig. 5.17
Fig. 5.18 Fig. 5.19

51
Chapter 6 Cylinder Design Parameters
Packing is one of the critical factors that can affect the performance
and durability of a cylinder. As a result, since packings of a cylinder are
made of the material that is soft and easy to be hurt, the installing portion
and its peripheral part must be designed carefully. The following table
shows the defects and problems that should be noticed.
Cylinder Walls
Rod
Housing
1. Cylinder Walls
Material: Common structure steel or better
Tolerance: H 8-H 11, dependent on seal
Peak-to-valley-height: R max=< 2.5 µm R a= < 0.05-0.3 µm
Machining process: Honing and roller burnishing (rolling). Material
should be removed at the concluding process
stage, rather there ought to be a reshaping.
Scratches, scores, machine scoring running
52
concentrically or spirally are not permitted.
2. Rods
Material: JIS(S45C) 、 SAE 1045 、 DIN CK45 or better
Is determined by individual application and

Tolerance:
sealing component
Peak-to-valley-height: R max=< 2.5 µm R a= < 0.05-0.3 µm
Machining process: Non-oriented, ground or roller burnishing
(rolling)
Corrosion protection: Hard chrome with coating thickness 30-50 µm
Severe true stress: Hardening (55-60 HRC) and hard chroming.
Re-work (finishing, grinding among others) to
required surface quality after hard chroming. In
doing so, developing scratches, scores, machine
scoring running concentrically or spirally are not
permitted.
3. Housings
Material: St, cast steel (free of cavities/blow-holes)
Tolerance: Can be taken from respective groove drawings.
Peak-to-valley-height: Base of groove:
R max=< 6.3 µm
R a=< 1.6 µm
Sides of groove:
R max=< 15.0 µm Some types allow a rougher
groove base
Machining process: Turning and grinding
Comment: Phosphated and nitrated surfaces (bonding,
chemical nickel plating) are not suitable as contact
surfaces for seals without mechanical re-work.
53
6.1 Tolerance of Bore and Shaft
Drawing of Bore&Shaft marked dimension
Standard series of roughness

Symbol of surface
Ra Rmax Rz
▽▽▽▽ 0.2a 0.8S 0.8Z
▽▽▽ 1.6a 6.3S 6.3Z
▽▽ 6.3a 25S 25Z
▽ 25a 100S 100Z
~ Specific regulation
54
Dimension tolerance of bore (unit：µm )
(mm) E F G H
more less E7 E8 E9 F6 F7 F8 G6 G7 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10
+24 +28 +39 +12 +16 +20 +8 +12 +4 +6 +10 +14 +25 +40
─ 3
+14 +6 +2 0
+32 +38 +50 +18 +22 +28 +12 +16 +5 +8 +12 +18 +30 +48
3 6
+20 +10 +4 0
+40 +47 +61 +22 +28 +35 +14 +20 +6 +9 +15 +22 +36 +58
6 10
+25 +13 +5 0
10 14 +50 +59 +75 +27 +34 +43 +17 +24 +8 +11 +18 +27 +43 +70
14 18 +32 +16 +6 0
18 24 +61 +73 +92 +33 +41 +53 +20 +28 +9 +13 +21 +33 +52 +84
24 30 +40 +20 +7 0
30 40 +75 +89 +112 +41 +50 +64 +25 +34 +11 +16 +25 +39 +62 +100
40 50 +50 +25 +9 0
50 65 +90 +106 +134 +49 +60 +76 +29 +40 +13 +19 +30 +46 +74 +120
65 80 +60 +30 +10 0
80 100 +107 +125 +159 +58 +71 +90 +34 +47 +15 +22 +35 +54 +87 +140
100 120 +72 +36 +12 0
120 140
+125 +148 +185 +68 +83 +106 +39 +54 +18 +25 +40 +63 +100 +160
140 160
160 180 +85 +73 +14 0
180 200
+146 +172 +215 +79 +96 +122 +44 +61 +20 +29 +46 +72 +115 +185
200 225
225 250 +100 +50 +15 0
250 280 +162 +191 +240 +88 +108 +137 +49 +69 +23 +32 +52 +81 +130 +210
280 315 +110 +56 +17 0
315 355 +182 +214 +265 +98 +119 +151 +54 +75 +25 +36 +57 +89 +140 +230
355 400 +125 +62 +18 0
400 450 +198 +232 +290 +108 +131 +165 +60 +83 +27 +40 +63 +97 +155 +250
450 500 +135 +68 +20 0
55
Product Information
NAK Type：UIR
Description：Rod seal
1. Features 4. Operating conditions

Having an asymmetrical profile Mineral Oils,
Media
of the sealing lips. Hydraulic Fluids
2. Material NK961: -35℃~100℃
Rubber: NBR or FKM with a Temperature
VN901: -25℃~200℃
hardness of 90 Shore A.
3. Application Linear
≦ 0.5 m/sec
velocity
Generally for hydraulic cylinders,
Working ≦ 15 MPa
used for rod application. Rod Pressure
seal for light applications,
5. Groove and Machining
preferably for use only as a
Criteria
replacement part.
Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
Example:
Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
(1) Agricultural equipment
(2) Heavy mobile hydraulics
(3) Loading platforms
(4) Cranes
(5) General cylinders
56
Product Information
NAK Type：CIR

Media
2. Material NK961: -35℃~100℃
VN901: -25℃~200℃
≦ 0.5 m/sec
velocity
Working ≦ 10 Mpa
used for rod application. Pressure
Rod seal for light applications,
Criteria
replacement part.
Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
Example:
Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
(4) Cranes
57
Product Information
NAK Type：LIR

Rod seal with sealing lip. Mineral Oils,
Media
2. Material Hydraulic Fluids
Rubber: NBR or FKM with a NK961: -35℃~100℃
hardness of 90 Shore A. Temperature
VN901: -25℃~200℃
3. Application
Rod seal preferably for use only Linear
≦ 0.5 m/sec
velocity
as a replacement part and
Working ≦ 4 MPa
secondary applications. Pressure
Example:
Criteria
Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
58
Product Information
NAK Type：UIP

Having an asymmetrical profile Mineral oil based
of the sealing lips. Lubricating oils,
2. Material Media hydraulic oils,
non-flammable
PU material with a hardness of hydraulic fluids.
90 Shore A.
UB903: -40℃~100℃
3. Application
Generally for standard hydraulic Temperature UB904: -40℃~100℃
cylinders, they can be used for all
UK905: -40℃~100℃
cylinder design.
Linear
Example: ≦ 0.5 m/sec
velocity
(1) Agricultural equipment Working ≦40 MPa
(2) Bulldozers Pressure
(3) Cranes 5. Groove and Machining
(4) Construction equipment Criteria
(5) General cylinders Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
(6) Forklifts Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
(7) Mobile lifts
(8) Mobile arm truck
59
Product Information
NAK Type：UIP2

Media
of the sealing lips. The secondary hydraulic fluids.
edge provides axial stability to UB903: -40℃~100℃
reduce tilting problem.
Temperature UB904: -40℃~100℃
2. Material
PU material with a hardness of UK905: -40℃~100℃
90 Shore A.
Linear
≦ 0.5 m/sec
3. Application velocity
Generally for standard hydraulic Working ≦ 40 MPa
cylinders, they can be used for all Pressure
cylinder design. 5. Groove and Machining

Example: Criteria
(1) Agricultural equipment Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
(2) Earth moving equipment Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
(3) Support cylinders
(5) Hydraulic jacks
60
Product Information
NAK Type：UNP2
Description：Symmetric seal

Having a symmetrical profile of Mineral Oils,
Media
the sealing lip and the height of Hydraulic Fluids
both sealing lips is equal. UB903: -40℃~100℃
Especially, it adds the second lip
at the rod side to provide axial
stability to reduce tilting UK905: -40℃~100℃
problem.
Linear
≦1 m/sec
2. Material velocity
PU material with a hardness of Working ≦40 MPa
90 Shore A. Pressure
3. Application 5. Groove and Machining

Generally for hydraulic cylinders, Criteria
both used for piston and rod Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
application. Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
Example:
(2) Earth moving equipment
61
Product Information
NAK Type：CIP

of the sealing lips. Lubricating oils,
non-flammable
90 Shore A.
UB903: -40℃~100℃
3. Application
UK905: -40℃~100℃
cylinder design.
Linear
velocity
(1) Agricultural equipment Working ≦ 40 MPa
(7) Mobile lifts
62
Product Information
NAK Type：LIP

Rod seal with sealing lip. Mineral oil, hydraulic
Media
2. Material fluids.
PU material with a hardness of UB903: -40℃~100℃
90 Shore A.
3. Application
Rod seal for secondary UK905: -40℃~100℃
applications and replacement
Linear
≦ 0.5 m/sec
parts. velocity
Example: Working ≦ 40 MPa
(1) Agricultural equipment Pressure
(2) Bulldozers 5. Groove and Machining

(3) Cranes Criteria
(4) Construction equipment Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
(5) General cylinders Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
(6) Forklifts
(7) Mobile lifts
63
Product Information
NAK Type：PP
Description：Piston seal

Designed especially for Prepared, dirt and
pneumatic cylinders with its Media lubrication free
dynamic sealing lips (external compressed air.
sealing lips) having shorter NKC61: -40℃~100℃

Temperature
height. It provides a safe
VNC25: -25℃~200℃
static sealing when its internal
Linear
sealing lips are installed in ≦ 1 m/sec
velocity
housing. Working ≦ 1 MPa
2. Material Pressure
Rubber: NBR or FKM with a 5. Groove and Machining
hardness of 75 Shore A. Criteria
3. Application Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
Generally for pneumatic Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
cylinders, used for piston
application.
Example:
(1) Pneumatic application
64
Product Information
NAK Type：PDV

Designed for larger pressure Prepared, dirt and
condition than standard seal. Media lubrication free
Complete piston with steel case compressed air.
bonded to sealing lips with NK761: -40℃~100℃

Temperature
special pneumatic edge.
VN761: -25℃~200℃
2. Material
Linear
Rubber: NBR or FKM with a ≦ 1 m/sec
velocity
hardness of 70 Shore A. Working ≦ 1.2 MPa
Spring: SAE 1070 Pressure
Case: SAE 1008 5. Groove and Machining
3. Application Criteria
Generally for pneumatic Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
cylinders, used for piston Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
application.
Example:
(1) Pneumatic applications
(2) Complete piston assembly
65
Product Information
NAK Type：PDC

Seals feature is suitable for high Mineral oils,
Media
pressure and slower speed. Hydraulic Fluids.
Designed in such a way that NK961: -35℃~100℃
piston with steel case bonded to Temperature
VN901: -25℃~200℃
spring loaded sealing lips.
2. Material Linear
≦ 0.5 m/sec
velocity
Rubber: NBR or FKM with a
Working ≦ 6 MPa
hardness of 90 Shore A. Pressure
Spring: SAE 1070
Case: SAE 1008
Criteria
3. Application
Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
Generally for Hydraulic
Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
application. (Also be used for rod
seal).
Example:
(1) Hydraulic application
66
Product Information
NAK Type：PDH

Media
VN901: -25℃~200℃
2. Material Linear
≦ 0.5 m/sec
velocity
Working ≦ 6 MPa
Spring: SAE 1070
Case: SAE 1008
Criteria
3. Application
Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
application. (Also be used for rod
seal).
Example:
67
Product Information
NAK Type：PDV1

Complete piston with steel case compressed air.
bonded to sealing lips with NK761: -40℃~100℃

Temperature
special pneumatic edge.
VN761: -25℃~200℃
2. Material
Linear
velocity
application.
Example:
68
Product Information
NAK Type：PSC

Media
VN901: -25℃~200℃
2. Material Linear
≦ 0.5 m/sec
velocity
Working ≦ 6 MPa
Spring: SAE 1070
Case: SAE 1008
Criteria
3. Application
Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
application.
(Also be used for rod seal).
Example:
69
Product Information
NAK Type：PSV

Piston with steel case bonded to compressed air.
sealing lips with special NK761: -40℃~100℃

Temperature
pneumatic edge.
VN761: -25℃~200℃
2. Material
Linear
velocity
application.
Example:
70
Product Information
NAK Type：PSV1


Temperature
pneumatic edge.
VN761: -25℃~200℃
2. Material
Linear
velocity
application.
Example:
71
Product Information
NAK Type：PSV2


Temperature
pneumatic edge.
VN761: -25℃~200℃
2. Material
Linear
velocity
application.
Example:
72
Product Information
NAK Type：COR

Media
of the sealing lips Hydraulic Fluids
2. Material NK961: -30℃~100℃
VN901: -25℃~200℃
≦ 0.5 m/sec
velocity
Working ≦ 10 MPa
used for rod application. Pressure
Piston seal for light applications,
Criteria
replacement part.
Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
Example:
Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
(4) Cranes
73
Product Information
NAK Type：LOR

Piston seal with sealing lip. Mineral Oils,
Media
2. Material Hydraulic Fluids
VN901: -25℃~200℃
3. Application
Piston seal preferably for use Linear
≦ 0.5 m/sec
velocity
only as a replacement part and
Working ≦ 4 MPa
secondary applications. Pressure
Example:
Criteria
Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
74
Product Information
NAK Type：UOP

of the sealing lips Lubricating oils,
non-flammable
90 Shore A.
UB903: -40℃~100℃
3. Application
UK905: -40℃~100℃
cylinder design.
Linear
velocity
(1) Agricultural equipment Working ≦ 40 MPa
(7) Mobile lifts
75
Product Information
NAK Type：COP

Media
2. Material UB903: -40℃~100℃
PU material with a hardness of
90 Shore A.
3. Application UK905: -40℃~100℃
Generally for standard hydraulic
Linear
≦ 0.5 m/sec
cylinders, they can be used for all velocity
cylinder design. Working ≦ 40 MPa
Example: Pressure
(1) Agricultural equipment 5. Groove and Machining

(2) Bulldozers Criteria
(3) Cranes Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
(4) Construction equipment Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
(6) Forklifts
76
Product Information
NAK Type：LOP

Piston seal with sealing lip. Mineral oil, hydraulic
Media
2. Material fluids.
PU material with a hardness of UB903: -40℃~100℃
90 Shore A.
3. Application
Piston seal for secondary UK905: -40℃~100℃
applications and replacement
Linear
≦ 0.5 m/sec
parts. velocity
Example: Working ≦ 40 MPa
(1) Agricultural equipment Pressure
(2) Bulldozers 5. Groove and Machining

(3) Cranes Criteria
(4) Construction equipment Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
(5) General cylinders Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
(6) Forklifts
(7) Mobile lifts
77
Product Information
NAK Type：UNR

Media
the sealing lip. The height of Hydraulic Fluids
both sealing lips is equal. NK961: -35℃~100℃
2. Material Temperature
VN901: -25℃~200℃
hardness of 90 Shore A. Linear
≦ 0.5 m/sec
velocity
3. Application
Working ≦ 14 MPa
Generally for hydraulic cylinders, Pressure
both used for piston and rod
application.
Criteria
Example:
Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
(4) Cranes
78
Product Information
NAK Type：CNR

Media
both sealing lip is equal. NK961: -35℃~100℃
VN901: -25℃~200℃
≦ 0.5 m/sec
velocity
3. Application
Working ≦ 10 MPa
Generally for hydraulic cylinders, Pressure
application.
Criteria
Example:
Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
(4) Cranes
79
Product Information
NAK Type：UNP

Media
2. Material
90 Shore A. UK905: -40℃~100℃
≦ 1 m/sec
Generally for hydraulic cylinders, velocity
both used for piston and rod Working ≦ 30 MPa
application. Pressure
Example: 5. Groove and Machining

(1) Agricultural equipment Criteria
(2) Heavy mobile hydraulics Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
(3) Loading platforms Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
(4) Cranes
80
Product Information
NAK Type：UNP1

Media
2. Material
90 Shore A. UK905: -40℃~100℃
≦ 1 m/sec

(4) Cranes
81
Product Information
NAK Type：CNP

Media
2. Material
90 Shore A. UK905: -40℃~100℃
≦ 0.5 m/sec

(4) Cranes
82
Product Information
NAK Type：UP1

Media
2. Material
90 Shore A. UK905: -40℃~100℃
≦ 1 m/sec

(4) Cranes
83
Product Information
NAK Type：WP1
Description：PU Wiper

Having a double lip and all Media Dirt, Dust, etc.
rubber part. This can prevent
UB903: -40℃~100℃
oil scraping off.
2. Material Temperature UB904: -40℃~100℃
UK905: -40℃~100℃
90 Shore A.
Linear
3. Application ≦ 1 m/sec
velocity
Generally for heavy-duty
Criteria
cylinder design.
Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
Example:
Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
(1) Bulldozers
(2) Construction equipment
(3) Forklifts
(4) Mobile lifts
(6) Injection molding machines
(7) Mobile arm trucks
84
Product Information
NAK Type：WP2

Having a single lip and all PU Media Dirt, Dust, etc.
part. It’s a single acting wiper
UB903: -40℃~100℃
for protection of cylinders against
ingress of dirt. Temperature UB904: -40℃~100℃
2. Material
UK905: -40℃~100℃
Linear
90 Shore A. ≦ 2 m/sec
velocity
3. Application
Criteria
cylinders, used for all cylinder
Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
design.
Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
Example:
(2) Bulldozers
(4) Cranes
85
Product Information
NAK Type：WP3

Having a single lip with steel Media Dirt, Dust, etc.
case clad and PU part. It’s a
UB903: -40℃~100℃
single acting wiper for protection
of cylinders against ingress of Temperature UB904: -40℃~100℃
dirt.
UK905: -40℃~100℃
2. Material
Linear
PU material with a hardness of ≦ 1 m/sec
velocity
90 Shore A.
3. Application
Criteria
Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
design.
Example:
(2) Bulldozers
(4) Cranes
(5) Forklifts
86
Product Information
NAK Type：WP4

Having a double lip with steel Media Dirt, Dust, etc.
case skeleton and PU part.
UB903: -40℃~100℃
It’s a single acting wiper for
protection of cylinders against Temperature UB904: -40℃~100℃
ingress of dirt.
UK905: -40℃~100℃
2. Material
Linear
velocity
90 Shore A.
3. Application
Criteria
Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
design.
Example:
(2) Bulldozers
(3) CNC machines
(5) Cranes
87
Product Information
NAK Type：WP5

UB903: -40℃~100℃
dirt.
UK905: -40℃~100℃
2. Material
Linear
velocity
90 Shore A.
3. Application
Criteria
Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
design.
Example:
(2) Compression molding
(3) Cranes
(5) Fork lift trucks
88
Product Information
NAK Type：WP6

UB903: -40℃~100℃
dirt.
UK905: -40℃~100℃
2. Material
Linear
velocity
90 Shore A.
3. Application
Criteria
Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
design.
Example:
(3) Cranes
89
Product Information
NAK Type：WP7

case skeleton and PU part. It’s
UB903: -40℃~100℃
a single acting wiper for
protection of cylinders against Temperature UB904: -40℃~100℃
ingress of dirt.
UK905: -40℃~100℃
2. Material
Linear
velocity
90 Shore A.
3. Application
Criteria
Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
design.
Example:
(2) Bulldozers
(4) Cranes
90
Product Information
NAK Type：WP8

Having a single lip and all PU Media Dirt, Dust, etc.
part. It’s a single acting wiper
UB903: -40℃~100℃
for protection of cylinders against
ingress of dirt. Temperature UB904: -40℃~100℃
2. Material
UK905: -40℃~100℃
Linear
90 Shore A. ≦ 2 m/sec
velocity
3. Application
Criteria
Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
design.
Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
Example:
(2) Bulldozers
(4) Cranes
91
Product Information
NAK Type：WP10

Having a double lip and all Mineral Oils,
Media
rubber part. This can prevent Hydraulic Fluids
oil scraping off. UB903: -40℃~100℃
2. Material
90 Shore A. UK905: -40℃~100℃
≦ 1 m/sec
Generally for heavy-duty velocity
cylinders, they can be used for all 5. Groove and Machining
cylinder design. Criteria
Example: Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
(1) Bulldozers Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
(3) Forklifts
(4) Mobile lifts
92
Product Information
NAK Type：WP11

Having a single lip with steel Mineral Oils,
Media
case clad and PU part. It’s a Hydraulic Fluids
single acting wiper for protection UB903: -40℃~100℃
of cylinders against ingress of
dirt.
2. Material UK905: -40℃~100℃
Linear
≦1 m/sec
90 Shore A. velocity
Generally for heavy-duty Criteria
cylinders, used for all cylinder Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
design. Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
Example:
(2) Bulldozers
(4) Cranes
(5) Forklifts
93
Product Information
NAK Type：WP16

Media
case skeleton and PU part. Hydraulic Fluids
It’s a single acting wiper for UB903: -40℃~100℃
protection of cylinders against
ingress of dirt.
2. Material UK905: -40℃~100℃
Linear
≦ 2 m/sec
90 Shore A. velocity
Generally for heavy-duty Criteria
cylinders, used for all cylinder Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
design. Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
Example:
(2) Cranes
94
Product Information
NAK Type：WP21

Having a single lip and all PU Mineral Oils,
Media
part. It’s a single acting wiper Hydraulic Fluids
for protection of cylinders against UB903: -40℃~100℃
ingress of dirt.
2. Material
90 Shore A.
Linear
≦ 1 m/sec
Generally for heavy-duty 5. Groove and Machining
cylinders, used for all cylinder Criteria
design. Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
Example: Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
(5) Hydraulic jacks
(6) Mining hydraulics
95
Product Information
NAK Type：WP22

Having a single lip and all PU Mineral Oils,
Media
for protection of cylinders against UB903: -40℃~100℃
ingress of dirt.
2. Material
90 Shore A.
Linear
≦ 1 m/sec
Generally for heavy-duty 5. Groove and Machining
cylinders, used for all cylinder Criteria
design. Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
Example: Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
(5) Hydraulic jacks
96
Product Information
NAK Type：WPB
Description：Rubber Wiper

Media
case clad and rubber part. It’s a Hydraulic Fluids
single acting wiper for protection NK961: -35℃~100℃
of cylinders against ingress of Temperature
VN901: -25℃~200℃
dirt.
2. Material Linear
≦ 1 m/sec
velocity
hardness of 90 Shore A
Criteria
3. Application
Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
design.
Example:
(2) Bulldozers
(4) Cranes
(5) Forklifts
97
Product Information
NAK Type：WPC

Media
case skeleton and Rubber part. Hydraulic Fluids
It’s a single acting wiper for NK961: -35℃~100℃
protection of cylinders against Temperature
VN901: -25℃~200℃
ingress of dirt.
2. Material Linear
≦ 2 m/sec
velocity
Criteria
3. Application
Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
design.
Example:
(2) Cranes
98
Product Information
NAK Type：WPK

Having a double lip with steel Mineral Oils,
Media
case skeleton and rubber part. Hydraulic Fluids
VN901: -25℃~200℃
ingress of dirt.
2. Material Linear
≦ 1 m/sec
velocity
Criteria
3. Application
Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
design.
Example:
(2) Bulldozers
(3) CNC machines
(5) Cranes
99
Product Information
NAK Type：WPM

Media
VN901: -25℃~200℃
dirt.
2. Material Linear
≦ 1 m/sec
velocity
Criteria
3. Application
Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
design.
Example:
(3) Cranes
100
Product Information
NAK Type：WPR

Media
VN901: -25℃~200℃
ingress of dirt.
2. Material Linear
≦ 2 m/sec
velocity
Criteria
3. Application
Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
design.
Example:
(2) Cranes
101
Product Information
NAK Type：WPV

Media
VN901: -25℃~200℃
dirt.
2. Material Linear
≦ 1 m/sec
velocity
Criteria
3. Application
Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
design.
Example:
(3) Cranes
102
Product Information
NAK Type：WP12

Having a single lip and all rubber Mineral Oils,
Media
for protection of cylinders against NK961: -35℃~100℃
ingress of dirt. Temperature
VN901: -25℃~200℃
2. Material
Rubber: NBR or FKM with a Linear
≦ 2 m/sec
velocity
3. Application
Criteria
Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
design.
Example:
(2) Bulldozers
(4) Cranes
103
Product Information
NAK Type：WP13

Having a double lip with steel Mineral Oils,
Media
The wiper O.D. with groove is NK961: -35℃~100℃
easily to be installed and used Temperature
VN901: -25℃~200℃
for the cylinder with high swell
factor. Linear
≦ 1 m/sec
velocity
2. Material
Criteria
Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
3. Application
Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
design.
Example:
(2) Bulldozers
(3) CNC machines
104
Product Information
NAK Type：WP14

Media
oil scraping off. NK961: -35℃~100℃
VN901: -25℃~200℃
≦ 1 m/sec
velocity
3. Application
Generally for standard cylinders,
Criteria
used for all applications.
Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
Example:
Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
(1) Bulldozers
(3) Forklifts
(4) Mobile lifts
105
Product Information
NAK Type：WP15

Media
VN901: -25℃~200℃
2. Material
≦ 2 m/sec
velocity
3. Application
Criteria
Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
design.
Example:
(2) Bulldozers
(4) Cranes
106
Product Information
NAK Type：WP17

Media
oil scraping off. NK961: -35℃~100℃
VN901: -25℃~200℃
≦ 1 m/sec
velocity
3. Application
Criteria
Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
Example:
Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
(1) Bulldozers
(3) Forklifts
(4) Mobile lifts
107
Product Information
NAK Type：WP19

Media
VN901: -25℃~200℃
2. Material
≦ 1 m/sec
velocity
3. Application
Criteria
Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
Example:
(5) Hydraulic jacks
(7) Hydraulic presses
108
Product Information
NAK Type：WP20

Media
VN901: -25℃~200℃
2. Material
≦ 1 m/sec
velocity
3. Application
Criteria
Rmax ≦ 2.5 µm
Ra ≦ 0.05-0.3 µm
Example:
(5) Hydraulic jacks
109
Product Information
NAK Type：HB
Description：U-Packing + Ring

With a fitted O-ring under the Media Hydraulic oils
U-packing, provide extreme
UK905: -30℃~100℃
loads for effective sealing at low Temperature
or zero pressure. NK761: -40℃~100℃
2. Material Linear
≦0.5 m/sec
U-Packing：PU with a hardness velocity
of 95 Shore A. Working ≦35 MPa

Pressure
O-Ring：NBR with a hardness of
70 Shore A.
Criteria
3. Application
Rmax ≦ 16 µm
Generally for hydraulics,
Ra ≦ 0.1-0.4 µm
reciprocating movements and
high loads.
Example:
(1) Agricultural machines
(2) Earth moving machines
(3) Forklifts
(4) Mobile arms
110
Product Information
NAK Type：HD
Description：U-Packing+Ring

UK905: -30℃~100℃
2. Material Linear
≦0.5 m/sec

Pressure
70 Shore A.
Criteria
3. Application
Rmax ≦ 16 µm
Ra ≦ 0.1-0.4 µm
high loads.
Example:
(3) Forklifts
111
Product Information
NAK Type：HS

UK905: -30℃~100℃
2. Material Linear
≦0.5 m/sec

Pressure
70 Shore A.
Criteria
3. Application
Rmax ≦ 16 µm
Ra ≦ 0.1-0.4 µm
high loads.
Example:
(3) Forklifts
(4) Mobile arms
112
Product Information
NAK Type：HBX

With a fitted X-ring under the Media Hydraulic oils
U-packing, provide positive
UK905: -30℃~100℃
wiping for effective sealing at Temperature
low or zero pressure. NK761: -40℃~100℃
2. Material Linear
≦0.5 m/sec

Pressure
X-Ring：NBR with a hardness of
70 Shore A.
Criteria
3. Application
Rmax ≦ 16 µm
Ra ≦ 0.1-0.4 µm
high loads.
Example:
(3) Forklifts
113
Product Information
NAK Type：HDX

UK905: -30℃~100℃
2. Material Linear
≦0.5 m/sec

Pressure
70 Shore A.
Criteria
3. Application
Rmax ≦ 16 µm
Ra ≦ 0.1-0.4 µm
application.
Example:
(1) Agricultural machines.
(2) Earth moving machines.
(3) Forklifts.
(4) Mobile arms
114
Product Information
NAK Type：HSX

UK905: -30℃~100℃
2. Material Linear
≦0.5 m/sec

Pressure
70 Shore A.
Criteria
3. Application
Rmax ≦ 16 µm
Ra ≦ 0.1-0.4 µm
high loads.
Example:
(3) Forklifts
115
Product Information
NAK Type：O ring
Description：Static seal

A popular round shape makes it Mineral oil, grease,
to be the most widely used ring water, air, diesel
in static or even low duty fuels,.. et al.
Media
Depending on the
dynamic applications. rubber used.
2. Material
VNC25: -25℃~200℃
3. Application
O-ring can be used in almost all Working ≦ 5~10 MPa
Pressure
general industrial machines for
different sealing function types. 5. Groove and Machining
Mainly be used for static Criteria
applications, like axial seals and Rmax ≦ 16 µm
radial seals. Both pneumatics and Ra ≦ 0.05-1.6 µm
hydraulics are well suited.
Example:
(1) Machine tools
116
Product Information
NAK Type：X ring

The special four-lipped design Mineral oil, grease,
makes it better than O-ring in water, air, diesel fuels.
Media
some aspects. Especially, this (Depend on the rubber
used.)
type can avoid twisting in the
NK761: -40℃~100℃
groove.
Temperature
2. Material VNC25: -25℃~200℃
Working ≦ 5~10 MPa
3. Application
Primarily used in dynamic
Criteria
applications and some in static
Rmax ≦ 16 µm
applications. Both pneumatics
Ra ≦ 0.05-1.6 µm
and hydraulics are applicable.
For example, reciprocating
piston seal (dynamic) and flanges
seal (static).
Example:
(1) Agricultural machinery
117
Product Information
NAK Type：SQ ring

The simple square cross section Mineral oil, grease,
makes it to be good replacements water, air, diesel
for O ring in high-pressure static Media fuels,.. et al.
Depending on the
applications. Low cost is another rubber used.
factor why it is used.
NK761: -40℃~100℃
Rubber: NBR or FKM with a VNC25: -25℃~200℃
hardness of 70 Shore A. Working ≦ 5~12 MPa
3. Application Pressure
Mostly used in static applications 5. Groove and Machining
like rod seal, bore seal, face seal Criteria
with internal pressure, face seal Rmax ≦ 16 µm
with external pressure et al. Ra ≦ 0.05-1.6 µm
Example:
(3) Bulldozers
118
Product Information
NAK Type：D ring

The customized D-shape design Mineral oil, grease,
can meets your special needs water, air, diesel
with a better groove support. Media fuels,.. et al.
Depending on the
2. Material rubber used.
NK761: -40℃~100℃
3. Application VNC25: -25℃~200℃
Mainly be used for static Working ≦ 5~10 MPa
applications, like axial seals and Pressure
radial seals. Both pneumatics and 5. Groove and Machining
hydraulics are well suited. Criteria
Example: Rmax ≦ 16 µm
(1) Injection molding machines Ra ≦ 0.05-1.6 µm
(3) Bulldozers
(5) Forklifts
(6) Mobile lifts
119
Packing Design Sheet
NO.336 INDUSTRIAL ROAD., NANKANG INDUSTRIAL ZONE, NANTOU CITY,54012 TAIWAN, R.O.C.
TEL: 886-49-2255011, FAX: 886-49-2250035, E-Mail: service@mail.nak.com.tw
c a
b
b
c
Customer & Division Cycles/Min. Stroke Length Average Speed

Speed
Customer P/N Min. Normal Max.

Temperature
Contact
Application
City/State/Zip Media to be sealed Viscosity
Telephone Pressure Min. Normal Max.
Address
Size
Type of Equipment
OEM Date Required NAK Standard (ASTM)

Material
Aftermarket Customer Standard
Annual Usage Peak Month NAK Standard (AQL 4.0,C=0)
Q.C.
Customer Standard
Special Operating Conditions NAK standard
Design ODM
by Customer Sample
Customer Drawing
120

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Fluid Power

UIP has an asymmetrical profile

UNR has a symmetrical profile of

UNR has a symmetrical profile of

UNR has a symmetrical profile of

UNR has a symmetrical profile of

UIP has an asymmetrical profile

UNR has a symmetrical profile of

UNP has a symmetrical profile of

UNR has a symmetrical profile of

UNP has a symmetrical profile of

UNR has a symmetrical profile of

UIP has an asymmetrical profile

UNR has a symmetrical profile of

UIP has an asymmetrical profile

UIP has an asymmetrical profile

UIP has an asymmetrical profile

0 ~ 16 Mpa UIP has an asymmetrical profile

Table 1.1 Function of packing types

Cushion Seal Wear Ring Wiper

The seal is commonly used in: tooling machines (e.g. injection

Hydraulic and Pneumatic seals can be used in these areas:

By using the given contact pressure distribution due to the initial

P : var iable pressure in the film

Maximum Pressure Gradient

η : kinematic vis cos ity of fluid

U P : velocity on the forward stoke

During the cylinder’s reciprocating motion, the leakage between the

Therefore, the seal’s qualification must correspond to the

Equation 5 presents the relation between the frictional force (F),

The above-mentioned are the friction equation of the sliding surface.

Figure (4) shows the lubricating situation during the different

2.2.1 Service Life

Leakage v.s. Friction Force

In order to maintain the chemical and physical properties of the

(1) Maintain packings in the suitable temperature (21 ℃ ~25 ℃ ) after

Material Expiring date of keeping in storage (years)

3.1.1 Rod Seal

Seal designed with asymmetric lips. The

NK961 Flange packings are single-acting non-

Seal designed with asymmetric lips. The

Seal designed with the asymmetric lips.

Seal designed with a case body and rubber

Seal designed with a case body, spring and

Seal designed with a case body, spring and

Seal designed with a case body and rubber

Seal designed with a case body, spring and

Seal designed with a case body and rubber

Seal designed with a case body and rubber

Seal designed with asymmetric lips. The lip

NK961 Flange packings are single-acting non-

Seal designed with asymmetric lips. The lip

NK961 -35~100 Seal designed with symmetric lips can be

NK961 -35~100 Seal designed with symmetric lips can be

UB903 Popular dust seals. Add an indentation for

NK961 -35~100 Popular dust seals. Add an indentation for

NK961 -35~100 Popular dust seals. Add an indentation for

NK961 -35~100 Popular dust seals. Add an indentation for

A loaded U-packing with a fitted O-ring

A loaded U-packing with a fitted O-ring

A loaded U-packing with a fitted O-ring

A loaded U-packing with a fitted X-ring

A loaded U-packing with a fitted X-ring