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IN

THIS AND THAT

4 This & That
PEOPLE AND LIFESTYLE
6 Is Plastic the Bad Apple or not?
10 Reading a London Menu
14 Caster Semenya – the
Controversial Runner
CULTURE
17 G
 raham Norton : A Life
Full of Laughter
20 B.I.N.G.O
CONVERSATION MATTERS
RBEITSBLATT 21 Being Eco-friendly
CONTROVERSIAL DEBATE TOPICS
24 Up in Arms Over Nuclear Power
TIPS
26 Waste Sorting Story
LANGUAGE
29 50 Slick Sentences
31 F#*king Swear Words
33 Have Got Phrases
TRAVEL
35 UK Seaside Towns
LEISURE
38 Exhilarating Eminem
41 Rack Your Brain
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This & That

PRECIOUS AND SEMI-PRECIOUS STONES

AND THEIR ENGLISH NAMES
precious ˈpreʃəs | wertvoll, edel, Edel- semi-precious | Halbedel-

Precious: Semi-precious
Diamond
(selection of
• the purest gemstone of all
stones):
• its name comes from Greek
• the hardest substance in the world
• agate
• diamonds are evaluated by means of four characteristics
(four C’s): cut, carat, clarity, colour
• a diamond jubilee symbolises the 60th anniversary (for instance 60th wedding anniversary)
• diamonds come in a variety of colours (yellowish is the most common) • amethyst
• the rarest are colourless diamonds (without any hue) and fancy coloured diamonds, for
instance red, blue, pink, orange, green
• the Blue Moon diamond is the most expensive diamond which has ever been auctioned • amber

Collocations with the word diamond include:

• rough diamond
• calcite
• diamond jubilee
• diamond wedding
• diamond anniversary
• coral
Ruby
• its name comes from Latin
• has been regarded as the stone of love
• rubies can be deep brownish red as well as light red • hematite
• the finest rubies come from Burma
• the rarest is the star ruby (dove blood ruby)
• the ruby anniversary is the 40th anniversary • labradorite

Sapphire
• Lady Diana’s engagement ring was a sapphire ring
• sapphires and rubies differ only in colour
• moonstone
• sapphires come in a variety of colours, e.g. violet, yellow,
pink – such sapphires are called fancy sapphires and are less expensive than blue ones
• blue sapphires are from Burma and Kashmir

Emerald • obsidian
• deep green emeralds usually come from Colombia
• its name comes from Greek
• the 55th anniversary is called the emerald anniversary • tiger eye

pure pjʊə(r) | rein fancy | raffiniert,

gemstone dʒemstəʊn | Edelstein nobel, ausgefallen
by means of sth | anhand etw. to include sth | etw. einschließen, • turquoise
jubilee ˈdʒuːbɪliː | Jubiläum umfassen
anniversary ˌænɪˈvɜːsəri | Jubiläum, Jahrestag rough diamond rʌf ˈdaɪəmənd | Rohdiamant amber | Bernstein
wedding | Hochzeit regarded | betrachtet, angesehen calcite | Kalzit, Kalkspat
hue | Farbton engagement ɪnˈɡeɪdʒmənt | Verlobung labradorite | Labradorit,
Labrador

4
ENGLISH MATTERS 1|2020

IRONBRIDGE DEVILS TOWER

GORGE (WYOMING)

This is a deep gorge on the River Severn. The

name of the gorge is derived from the iron bridge
above it, which is a symbol of the industrial
revolution in this area. In 1779, the iron bridge
was one of a kind (an arch bridge built with cast
iron). The place has been nicknamed by the Brits
‘the birthplace of the industrial revolution’.

gorge | Schlucht, Klamm to nickname sth | etw.

iron ˈaɪən | Eisen, eisern einen Spitznamen geben
industrial | industriell birthplace | Geburtsort,
arch ɑːtʃ | Bogen Wiege

THE SMALLEST
OF THEM ALL
The red house on
Conwy Quay is con-
sidered the smallest
house in Britain. It
was built in the 16th This impressive landmark was America’s first national monument. It is believed
century and is a bit that the monolith used to be hidden under the ground until the layers of the
more than 3m in softer rock around it eroded. Owing to numerous legends and its symbolic
height. Its last ten- meaning, the rock formation is called Bear Lodge by Native Americans.
ant was a fisherman, Interestingly, its English name, Devils Tower, does not have an apostrophe
who moved out in due to a simple error made by a clerk. Nowadays, Devils Tower is a popular
1900 when the house was declared unfit rock climbing spot and a well-known tourist destination.
for dwelling in. Inside the house, there is
a bedroom as well as a living area equipped landmark | Wahrzeichen
with basic kitchen facilities. hidden | verborgen, versteckt
layer ˈleɪə(r) | Schicht
height haɪt | Höhe unfit | ungeeignet owing to sth | aufgrund/infolge etw.
tenant | Mieter to dwell in sth | in numerous | zahlreich
to move out etw. hausen/wohnen due to sth | wegen etw., aufgrund von etw.
| ausziehen facility | Einrichtung clerk | Angestellter, Beamter
nowadays | heutzutage, heute
rock climbing spot | Felskletterort, -punkt

5
People and Lifestyle

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Is Plastic the Bad

Apple or not?
Look around and you’ll see that plastic is everywhere, from the food
packaging we buy to the computers we work with and the cars we
drive. Unfortunately, much of the plastic we go through daily is used
only once and then thrown away. In the end, most of it ends up in our
rivers, seas and oceans, posing a serious threat to the survival of not
only marine life but our own lives as well.

bad apple | schwarzes Schaf

unfortunately ʌnˈfɔːtʃənətli
| leider, bedauerlicherweise
thrown away | weggeworfen
threat to sth | Gefahr/
Bedrohung für etw.
survival | Überleben,
Fortbestand
marine | Meeres-

6
O
ENGLISH MATTERS 1|2020
ur love affair with
pla st ic bega n
in 1907, when
the first mod-
ern plastic, Bakelite, was
invented by Belgian chem-
ist Leo Baekeland, who then
wrote in his journal, ‘Unless
I am very much mistaken, this
invention will prove impor-
tant in the future.’ And he was
right about that. Plastics would
soon be everywhere. In the
late 1950s and early 1960s,
improvements in manufactur-
ing processes brought the cost
of making plastics down dra-
matically, paving the way for
their cheap mass production.
‘Plastic is an amazing sub-
stance, an amazing invention,’
says Ian Jamie, director of
Staeger Clear Packaging. ‘It
is lightweight, tough, durable,
transparent, and waterproof.’
Here to Stay
It might be said that plastic
made the modern world pos-
sible. Many things we take for
granted today depend on it, as
it has transformed everything
from clothing, cooking and
1 love affair with sth | Liaison
mit etw.
invented | erfunden
to prove | sich erweisen
improvement | 
Verbesserung
to bring sth down | etw.
senken
to pave the way for sth | den
Weg für etw. ebnen
lightweight ˈlaɪtweɪt | leicht
tough tʌf | hart, robust
durable ˈdjʊərəbl | 
beanspruchbar,
langlebig, haltbar
waterproof | wasserdicht,
-fest
to take sth for granted | etw.
als gegeben annehmen/
hinnehmen
2 retailing | Einzelhandel
delivered | geliefert
1
1
People and Lifestyle
catering, to product design,
engineering and retailing. How long till they’re gone?
Milk, for example, no longer Estimated time taken to biodegrade
has to be delivered in glass 700
bottles, making it safer and
less cumbersome to transport. 600
600
Plastic has also allowed super- 500
years
markets to offer a wider range
450 450
of fresher produce in different 400 years years
portion sizes. Modern medi-
cine too has greatly benefited 300
from the disposable plastic
200
syringe, invented in 1955. 200
years
According to the British 100
Plastics Federation, studies 50 years
have shown that if plastic 0
Stryrofoam Aluminium Nappy Plastic Fishing
packaging had to be replaced cup can bottle line
with other materials, it would
Exact time will vary by product type and environmental conditions
lead to a rise in consumption Source: NOAA / Woods Hole Sea Grant
of packaging, in terms of
mass, energy and greenhouse
gas emissions. In fact, any
alternative materials to plas- What can happen
tic would result in 2.7 times to your cotton buds
more CO2 gas emissions over
their lifetime. Sewage plant
For all these reasons, few
Cotton buds are flushed down toilets
u
environmentalists would ever
seriously consider turning
u They pass
back the clock to a pre-plastic through fine
age. The challenge is rather to screens and
enter rivers and
lessen the worst effects of its seas
proliferation and find ways
of reducing the pollution it
causes.
cumbersome | umständlich,
schwerfällig
to allow sth do do sth | etw. Cotton buds break down into
erlauben, etw. zu tun fragments over time
disposable dɪˈspəʊzəbl
| wegwerfbar, Einmal-
u
syringe sɪˈrɪndʒ | Spritze UV rays start the process which is then
continued by oxidation
according to sb | laut jdm.
to lead to sth | zu etw.
führen
rise | Anstieg
u
in terms of sth | bezüglich Waves break them up further
etw.
greenhouse gas | 
Treibhausgas
to turn back the clock | das Rad
Plastic fragments then
der Zeit zurückdrehen enter the food chain
to lessen sth | etw. abmildern,
vermindern
proliferation | Ausbreitung, Fish and marine life cannot
distinguish them from food
Ausuferung
pollution | Verschmutzung Source: The Cotton Bud Project
7

People and Lifestyle
More than 10 million tonnes of plastic enters
the world’s oceans each year and most of it
escapes from land.
Why is Plastic
so Problematic?
One of the great advantages
of many kinds of plastic is that
they are designed to last – for
a very long time. And nearly
all the plastic ever made still
exists in some form today as
most of it is neither biodegrad-
able nor can it be recycled. It
does not rot, like paper or food,
but instead it can linger in the
environment for hundreds of
years.
So How Much
Plastic Waste
Ends up in the
Sea?
More than 10 million
tonnes of plastic enters the
world’s oceans each year and
most of it escapes from land. It
can also be blown into the sea
from ships and beaches, or car-
ried there by rivers. Some also
gets flushed down the toilet.
This means that if we do not
do something now, we could
be facing 250 million metric
tons of plastic in the ocean in
less than 10 years. We cannot
just stand by and watch this
tidal wave of plastic heading
towards our oceans, because
in a few years we might end
up with a pound of plastic for
every three pounds of fish in
the sea. So the future of plastic
in our seas and oceans will
3 6
8
be determined by the way we
handle and dispose of it on
land.
Why Is Plastic
So Harmful to
Marine Life?
You might have seen vid-
eos of a sea turtle with a plastic
straw embedded in its nose or
a dolphin entangled in a fish-
ing net. Some of these inci-
dents have happy endings, but
many more do not.
From the tiniest plankton
to the largest whales, plastic
impacts nearly 700 species
in our oceans and has been
found in more than 60% of all
3 advantage | Vorteil
nearly | fast, beinahe
biodegradable | biologisch abbaubar
instead | anstatt
to rot | verrotten
to linger | bleiben, fortbestehen
blown | geweht, geblasen
carried | befördert, gebracht
to get flushed down the toilet
| die Toilette heruntergespült
werden
to face sth | sich etw. gegen-
übersehen, etw. ins Auge sehen
tidal wave | Flutwelle
to head towards sth | sich auf
etw. zubewegen
4 to handle sth | mit etw.
umgehen/fertig werden
to dispose of sth | etw.
loswerden, entsorgen
straw strɔː | Strohhalm
seabirds and in 100% of sea
turtles. Our oceans are slowly
turning into a plastic soup and
its effects on ocean life are
frightening. Some marine ani-
mals can become snared in
larger plastics – particularly
nets and ropes. Big pieces of
plastic are choking and entan-
gling turtles and seabirds,
while tiny plastic pieces are
clogging the guts of sea crea-
tures who mistake it for food.
They cannot digest plastic, so
their stomachs can become
full and do not have any room
left for actual food. Each year,
around 100,000 animals in the
sea are killed by plastic.
Over time, plastic waste
slowly degrades and breaks
down into tiny micro-plastics,
which have been found in fish,
seafloor sediments and even
in Antarctic ice. Plastic has
now entered every level of the
ocean food chain and even
ends up in the seafood on our
plates. Eating plastic can result
in malnutrition or starvation
for fish and seabirds, and lead
to plastic ingestion in humans,
too. The effect of eating fish
containing plastic on humans
is still largely unknown and is
being currently investigated
to be embedded in X | in etw.
stecken
entangled in sth | in etw.
verfangen, verheddert
to impact sth | etw. beeinflussen
species | Spezies, Gattung
5 to turn into sth | (sich) in etw.
verwandeln
to become snared in sth | sich
in etw. verfangen
to choke | ersticken
to entangle | umschlingen
to clog sth | etw. verstopfen
guts | Gedärme, Eingeweide
to digest sth | etw. verdauen
stomach ˈstʌmək | Magen
actual | wirklich, tatsächlich
to break down into sth | sich in
etw. aufspalten
sediment | Sediment, Ablagerung
malnutrition | Unterernährung,
by scientists. But already
in 2016, the European Food
Safety Authority warned of
the increased risk of consum-
ing plastic to human health
and food safety, ‘given the
potential for micro-plastic
pollution in edible tissues of
commercial fish’.
Islands of Trash
Floating in the
Oceans
Plastic waste accumulates
in some areas of the ocean,
carried there and brought
together by winds and cur-
rents. This way, islands of
garbage, known as gyres or
patches, which suck in any
floating marine debris, are
created. There are five huge
gyres around the world. All
five of them have higher con-
centrations of plastic rubbish
than other parts of the oceans
and are made up of tiny frag-
ments of plastic, which appear
to hang suspended below the
surface – a phenomenon that
has led it to being described
as plastic soup.
For many people, the idea of
a ‘garbage patch’ conjures up
Mangelernährung
starvation | Hungertod,
Verhungern
ingestion | Nahrungsaufnahme,
Aufnahme
currently | gegenwärtig
6 increased | erhöht, stärker
edible ˈedəbl | essbar
tissue | Gewebe
trash | Müll
gyre | Wirbel
patch | Fleck
to suck in | ansaugen, einsaugen
debris | Trümmer, verstreuter
Abfall
to hang | hängen
suspended | schwebend
phenomenon | Phänomen
to conjure sth up | etw.
heraufbeschwören,
herbeizaubern
ENGLISH MATTERS 1|2020

People and Lifestyle

images of an island of trash floating
on the ocean surface. In reality, these
patches are not easily visible, because
they consist of small plastic particles that
are almost invisible to the naked eye. It
is also impossible to detect these gyres
by aircraft or satellite.
What Is Being Done?
Many governments and non-govern-
mental organisations [NGOs] are trying
to help tackle plastic pollution and cut the
amount of plastic we use, for example,
by imposing a fee on plastic carrier bags,
banning plastic straws, recycling garbage
or forcing supermarkets to make their
packaging easier to reutilise, or even
plastic free.
Every Little Bit Helps
In itself, plastic is not as evil as it is
painted. On the contrary, it makes our
lives so much easier and more convenient.
We cannot get rid of it altogether – that is
not realistic or even possible. But we have
to reverse the tide of plastic entering our
oceans, seas and rivers, or we will destroy
not only our marine life but also a valuable
source of healthy food. So, next time you
want to grab a piece of plastic packaging,
a straw or a disposable coffee cup, think
carefully if you really need to use it, and
how you will dispose of it. This might
seem like a drop in the ocean, but every
little bit helps.  n
7 to consist of sth | a
 us etw. bestehen
to tackle sth | etw. in Angriff nehmen,
anpacken
to impose sth on sth | etw. mit etw. belegen,
etw. etw. auferlegen
fee | Gebühr
to ban sth | etw. verbieten
to force sb to do sth | jdn. zwingen, etw. zu
tun
not as evil as it is painted | besser als sein
Ruf
on the contrary | im Gegenteil
convenient | komfortabel, bequem
to get rid of sth | etw. loswerden
8 to reverse sth | etw. umkehren, rückgängig
machen
to grab sth | sich etw. schnappen/greifen
disposable | Einweg-, Wegwerf-
to dispose of sth | etw. entsorgen

Can’t we just collect all the plastic from the

ocean and get rid of it?
It is a good idea, but sadly
impossible. Firstly, only 1%
of marine litter floats, while
the vast majority sinks to
the bottom of the sea. Even
if we attempted to clean up
that 1%, who would pay for
this in international waters?
Besides, most of the plastic
pieces are tiny. Secondly,
even if miraculously we
managed to scoop all of these pieces up, most of them being smaller than a grain
of rice, what would we do with them? So the only solution is to drastically cut
down the amount of plastic we use and be careful how we dispose of it.

to collect sth | etw. sammeln

litter | Abfälle, Müll
majority | Mehrheit
to sink | sinken
to attempt to do sth | versuchen, etw. zu tun
miraculously mɪˈrækjələsli | auf wundersame Weise
to scoop sth up | etw. zusammenraffen, aufscheffeln
grain of rice | Reiskorn

9
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People and Lifestyle

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Reading
a London
Menu

Hungry for knowledge? English Matters offers a platter of vocabulary

from a typical restaurant menu. There’s a wide range of words, so feast
yourselves on the normal ones and treat the unusual ones as food for
thought.

menu ˈmenjuː | Menü

to feast on sth | sich an etw. laben

10
F
ENGLISH MATTERS 1|2020
ood and culture are so intercon-
nected that it’s usually hard
to have one without the other.
The food of a nation reflects
the history and geography of the country.
Even restaurants serving foreign cuisine
reflect the host country through presenta-
tion style, adaptions of meals, choice of
drinks and combinations of dishes. What,
then, could be a better way to experience
some local life, than by heading out to
dinner while visiting a foreign land? To
make the most of the experience it would
be best to understand the whole menu
so you can choose from the complete
offer. This is not necessarily an easy task
though, as menus can be confusing things,
even for native speakers: they are full
of abbreviations, synonyms, industry
specific vocabulary, and sometimes even
slang. English Matters takes a look at the
most common words that trip people up,
1 interconnected | miteinander verbunden,
verzahnt
cuisine kwɪˈziːn | Küche
to head out to somewhere | irgendwohin
aufbrechen
confusing | verwirrend
abbreviation | Abkürzung
Yorkshire pudding
1 2
to make sure you won’t be eating your
words after ordering the wrong thing
from a menu.
The Menu Layout
As with any standard menu the
world over, English menus are divided
into sections, to aid the reader and
encourage a large order. The sections
you can expect to see on the menu
are: starters, sides, mains, dessert and
drinks. There could also be an extra
section with special recommenda-
tions and offers for children. It’s also
quite common for main courses to be
divided by content – typically groups
of food such as pizza and pasta will be
placed together in Italian style restau-
rants, while other cuisines commonly
group mains by their feature ingredient
to trip sb up | jdm. ein Bein stellen
2 to order | bestellen
layout | Layout, Gestaltung
to encourage | ermuntern, ermutigen
starter | Vorspeise
side (dish) | Beilage
main (dish) | Hauptgericht
2
People and Lifestyle
(usually meat, fish, or vegetables). The
major sections are sometimes given
titles other than those listed above,
here are a few synonymous terms for
menu sections:
• Starters: Appetisers, Finger Food.
• Sides: Salads and Soups, Accompani-
ments, To Add, Snacks, On the side.
• Mains: Main courses, Main dishes,
Dinners.
• Dessert: Puddings, sweets, Treats, Afters.
• Drinks: Beverages, Refreshments.
Drinks
The drink section of a menu is a large
one. Quite often drinks even have their
own menu – especially true for wine.
There are a few main categories for
drinks: hot and cold, alcoholic and
nonalcoholic. Within the hot section,
the main offers will be tea and coffee
dessert dɪˈzɜː(r)t | Dessert, Nachspeise
content | Inhalt
3 vegetable ˈvedʒtəb(ə)l | Gemüse
finger food | Fingerfood, Appetithappen
accompaniment | Beilage
on the side | Beilage
afters | Nachtisch, Nachspeise
11

People and Lifestyle
Welsh Rarebit
– remember that if you’re ordering tea
in England, it will come with milk as
default (unless it is a green tea, herbal
tea or fruit tea as stated on the menu).
Coffees will be numerous and listed
Menu Origins
Menu style documents have
been found dating back to the
Song Dynasty in China, where
caterers had so much to offer that
they created lists to offer clients.
However, the menu as we know
it today (with foods presented in
logical order) was invented by
Auguste Escoffier.
caterer | Caterer, Gastronom,
Lebensmittellieferant
4 5
-0
12
– most of their terms are international.
Cold (nonalcoholic) drinks will include
water (still and sparkling), fruit juices
(freshly squeezed, or from a carton), and
fizzy drinks such as Coca Cola (note that
in England, this is usually called ‘coke’
not ‘cola’). If drinks are offered with
free refills, it means the glass is filled
as many times as you like. Alcoholic
drinks will be further divided on the
menu, usually into types of drink: beers,
wines, spirits, and cocktails. Key vocab
in these groups include:
• Draft beer aka ‘on tap’ is beer that is
poured from a barrel into a glass (not
from a bottle or can).
• House wine: usually the cheapest wine
on the menu, sold by the glass or by
the bottle, and offered in red or white.
• Spirits are strong alcohols such as
vodka and whisky. They’re sometimes
called liquors.
4 as default | a
 ls Standard
herbal | Kräuter-
5 sparkling | mit Kohlensäure
fizzy drink | Brause, kohlensäurehaltiges
Getränk
spirits | Spirituosen
draft beer | Bier vom Fass
aka (also known as) | alias, auch
bekannt als
to pour | füllen, gießen
barrel | Fass
liquor ˈlɪkə(r) | Spirituosen
6 virgin | alkoholfrei
• Cocktails in English have alcohol as
standard, to ask for an alcohol free
version, ask for a ‘virgin’ version of
your cocktail of choice, for example,
“I’d like a virgin mojito please.”
The Main Course
England is not exactly known for its
great cuisine! London, however, does
have a buzzing restaurant scene and
pub-grub to die for. The food on the
menu of a specific establishment will
depend on the type of restaurant that
it is. It’s not uncommon for restaurants
selling food from various countries of
the world to be next to each other on
a London high street. Many of these
restaurants will use the original names
of food in their menus, for example
a chicken balti in an Indian restaurant
will be called just that – not ‘a thick,
spicy tomato-based dish cooked in an
iron pot.’ Having said that, there are
some staple words that appear very
often in menus of London eateries, here
is a selection:
• Chips – chunks of potato cooked in oil
or the oven. Also referred to as ‘fries,’
but never as ‘crisps.’
• Mash/mashed potato – another way to
prepare potatoes. This style involves
boiling, then crushing into small
pieces which almost (but not quite)
have a smooth texture.
• Battered cod – this is a traditional British
dish. Cod is a popular sea-fish, ‘battered’
means it has been coated in a paste made
of milk and flour, then fried. Other foods
are also offered battered.
• Steak – again, no surprise what this
refers to. To describe how long you’d
like it cooked for, the words rare,
buzzing | geschäftig, brummend
pub-grub | in Pubs servierter Imbiss
on the menu | auf der Speisekarte
iron ˈaɪə(r)n | Eisen-, eisern
staple | Haupt-
oven ˈʌv(ə)n | Ofen
to mash | pürieren, zerstampfen
to crush | zerdrücken, zerquetschen
smooth | glatt, weich
battered cod | panierter Dorsch/
Kabeljau
flour | Mehl
rare | blutig, englisch, fast roh
6
ENGLISH MATTERS 1|2020
medium, and well done are the stand-
ard three options.
• Wrap – a selection of ingredients
encased in a rolled flatbread.
• Yorkshire pudding – although not the
main part of a meal, so probably not
mentioned in the title, a Yorkshire
pudding can accompany many
dishes in the UK. Note that it in no
way resembles a dessert! The word
pudding can be synonymous with
dessert, but in this case it is not.
A Yorkshire pudding is a pastry-like
savoury side, often paired with meat.
• Welsh Rarebit – Despite the con-
fusing name, this is actually a very
simple dish. It is (melted) cheese
on toast, sometimes topped with
other things such as peppers, but
not always.
• Toad in the hole – this is NOT an
English version of the famous French
dish frogs’ legs! In fact, it is sausages
cooked in Yorkshire pudding batter.
• Bangers and Mash – it seems the
English like using alternative names
for sausages: ‘bangers’ in this dish
are sausages and ‘mash’ is mashed
potato as described above.
Bigger Portions
There are often options for combi-
nations of items from a menu, either
to create a bigger meal for one, or
as a larger portion of food to share
between two (or more) people. Words
indicating such an offer include ‘com-
bos, deals, and lunch deal/offer.’ All
of these words imply that more than
one option from the menu will be cho-
sen and combined for a bigger meal
at a better price. A similar option is
a platter; this is a big plate full of food
as listed on the menu, usually offering
a range of tastes. The platter is placed
in front of the dining plate so that
7 well done | gut durch, gar
ingredients | Zutaten
to resemble sth | etw. ähneln
pastry | Teig, Gebäck
savoury | herzhaft, pikant
to melt | schmelzen
toad təʊd | Kröte
combo | Kombigericht, Kombination
platter | Servierplatte
People and Lifestyle
food can be taken from it and placed
on your own plate to enjoy. Platters
are offered for one/two/more people.
Special Notes
and Words
Menus should include informa-
tion about allergies. These are nor-
mally given in the form of symbols
or asterisks indicating certain foods,
with a key/explanation of what these
foods contain given somewhere on
the menu. For example, many foods
could have a small peanut symbol
next to them, and the menu could have
a small explanation (usually at the
bottom) explaining that dishes with
the peanut symbol contain nuts. The
same system is usually used to give
an indication of spice levels, and to
highlight which dishes are vegetarian.
Other words which you could find on
the menu include ‘buffet’ and ‘a la
carte.’ Buffet indicates that the foods
presented are offered on a large table
where you take what you would like
for a set price.
Bon Appetit
Now, you’re all set to experience
the food on offer in England, armed
with a host of words and knowledge
of how to navigate an English menu.
There are often specials of the day
which are presented on a board in the
restaurant, or can be asked about. If
there’s anything on the menu you’re
not sure about, feel free to ask the
staff – they should know the menu
better than anyone. Hopefully, this
guide has whetted your appetite for
some good food, all that is left is for
you to choose a restaurant to your
taste.  n
8 asterisk ˈæst(ə)rɪsk | Sternchen
at the bottom | unten
spice | Gewürz, Würze
buffet ˈbʊfeɪ | Büfett
bon appetit | Guten Appetit
to be armed with sth | mit etw.
bewaffnet sein
to whet sb´s appetite | jdm Appetit
auf etw. machen
13
 Caster Semenya
People and Lifestyle

– the Controversial
Runner
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14
ENGLISH MATTERS 1|2020
Controversies in sport are nothing unusual in both summer and winter
disciplines. Referees’ decisions, the fine line between the necessary
use of medicines and the intake of banned performance-enhancing
drugs or anti-doping procedures are all examples of issues sparking
widespread debate in the world of professional sport.
C
aster Semenya is one of these
figures who prompts a lot
of discussion when talking
about fair play in sport. On the
surface, there is no doubt about her hav-
ing the full right to compete as a female
athlete: this middle-distance runner was
born in South Africa in 1991 and identi-
fied as female.
However, in 2009 a news leak revealed
that Caster had been forced to undergo
a gender test, after which she was appar-
ently diagnosed as intersex. Her high lev-
els of testosterone matched the male, not
the female range. Although nothing was
officially confirmed at that point, in 2011,
the IAAF (International Association of
Athletics Federations) introduced a policy
which said that female athletes’ testoster-
one levels shouldn’t exceed 10 nmol/L.
It is thought that the main trigger for this
regulation was Semenya’s growing pres-
ence in female athletics.
On Medication
Caster was forced to go on medication
for several years until 2015 when the
0 referee ˌrefəˈriː | Schiedsrichter
intake | Einnahme, Konsum
banned | verboten
performance-enhancing drug
| leistungssteigerndes Mittel
procedure prəˈsiːdʒə(r) | Verfahren, Prozedur
to spark sth | etw. auslösen, entzünden
widespread | weitverbreitet
1 to prompt sth | etw. auslösen, provozieren
on the surface ɒn ðə ˈsɜːfɪs | oberflächlich
betrachtet
doubt | Zweifel
to compete | antreten, an einem Wettkampf
teilnehmen
female | Frau, weiblich
athlete ˈæθliːt | Athlet
leak | Leck, undichte Stelle, Leak
to reveal sth | etw. zu Tage bringen, enthüllen
to undergo sth | sich etw. unterziehen
People and Lifestyle
law was suspended thanks to the Indian
runner, Dutee Chand. Diagnosed with
hyperandrogenism, she refused to comply
with the law and, as a consequence, was
banned from racing. She lodged an appeal
to CAS (Court for Arbitration for Sport)
and won the case. The CAS decision was
justified by the fact that there was not
enough scientific proof that high levels
of testosterone had a relevant impact on
athletic performance. The IAAF was
given two years to collect enough research
data to support the regulation.
Semenya recalls the period of taking
medicines as a time of being treated as
a human guinea pig. Feeling constantly
sick, she was under the strong impression
that the IAAF was making some medical
experiments on her, by simply wanting to test
the use of certain medications. Despite being
forced to have treatment, she won gold in the
800 meters in the 2012 and 2016 Olympics.
Research and Tightening
the Regulation
The IAAF did what they were told
to do. They commissioned research to
gender | Geschlecht
apparently | anscheinend, offensichtlich
male | Mann, männlich
trigger | Auslöser
to be forced to do sth | gezwungen sein, etw.
zu tun
2 law lɔː | Gesetz, Recht
suspended | ausgesetzt, aufgehoben
to refuse to do sth | sich weigern, etw. zu tun
to comply with sth | etw. folgen/gehorchen
to lodge an appeal | Berufung einlegen
relevant | wichtig, erheblich
impact on sth | Einfluss auf etw.
to collect sth | etw. sammeln
guinea pig ˈɡɪni pɪɡ | Meerschwein, hier:
Versuchskaninchen
despite sth | trotz etw.
to tighten sth | etw. verschärfen, festziehen
to commission sth | etw. in Auftrag geben
15
 provide medical evidence to be able
People and Lifestyle
to introduce the regulation again. The
research was conducted by two French
scientists, ending in 2017. It concluded
that testosterone levels do actually influ-
ence athletic performance, among other
things increasing muscle strength by
12-26%. The results of the research were
published in the British Journal of Sports
Medicine and used as the basis for the
new law proposed in 2018. It stated that
testosterone levels have to be kept under
5 nmol/L and that this should apply to
all female runners racing over distances
between 400 meters and a mile.
Controversy over the
New Regulation
Semenya’s response was swift and
decisive. She said: “I will not allow the
IAAF to use me and my body again”. She
appealed to CAS, claiming such rules
are unlawful and was backed by the
Women’s Sport Foundation and Human
Rights Watch. Both institutions criti-
cise the IAAF for discriminating against
women for sex characteristics which don’t
necessarily follow their idea of feminin-
ity. IAAF defended its stance by saying
that it “makes no judgment about gender
or sexual identity” and aspires to “main-
tain a fair and meaningful category for
women” in athletics.
Surprisingly or not, the CAS agreed
that this can be seen as a form of
3 conducted | d
 urchgeführt
scientist ˈsaɪəntɪst | Wissenschaftler
actually | wirklich, tatsächlich
to influence sth | etw. beeinflussen
to increase sth | etw. erhöhen, steigern
muscle ˈmʌsl | Muskel
to apply to sb | jdn. betreffen, für jdn. gelten
swift | schnell, prompt
decisive dɪˈsaɪsɪv | entschlossen,
entschieden
to allow sb to do sth | jdm. erlauben, etw.
zu tun
unlawful ʌnˈlɔːfl | gesetzwidrig
backed | unterstützt
stance | Haltung, Standpunkt
4 boundary | Grenze
to give up | aufgeben
at least | wenigstens
upcoming | bevorstehend, anstehend
3 4
16
discrimination, but that it is necessary
to keep clear boundaries between male
and female competition in sport. In short,
on 1st May 2019 it rejected Semenya’s
appeal, but the latter didn’t give up and
appealed again, this time to the Swiss
Federal Supreme Court. This ended in
temporary success. The Supreme Court
asked the IAAF to suspend its regula-
tion immediately until at least 25th June,
which means that Semenya can race drug-
free in upcoming competitions. She is
also supported by the World Medical
Association, which has declared that the
IAAF regulation violates basic ethical
principles, and the evidence for executing
such regulations is too weak, being based
on just a single study, the results of which
have been highly discussed by doctors.
Tolerance and Identity
The ruling issued by the Supreme
Court not so long ago is the latest twist
in the battle between Semenya and the
IAAF. How much longer can it drag on,
and how much more controversy and
negative feelings can it cause in the world
of professional sport?
Other female runners seem to be reluc-
tant to comment on the whole issue, how-
ever, at the start of Semenya’s career some
of them raised objections. An Italian racer
was reported saying: ‘These kinds of peo-
ple should not run with us. For me, she is
not a woman. She is a man’, and a Russian
to violate sth | etw. verletzen
ruling | Entscheidung, Regelung
twist | Wendung
to be reluctant to do sth | etw. nur ungern/
widerwillig tun
to raise objections | Einwände erheben
5 dismissive | abweisend, respektlos
average | durchschnittlich
to revolve around sth | sich um etw
drehen
perceived pəˈsiːvd | wahrgenommen
to improve sth | etw. verbessern
soccer | Fußball
obstacle | Hindernis, Hürde
to be under scrutiny | auf dem Prüfstand
stehen
to get off the ground | in Gang
kommen
undeniable | unbestreitbar
athlete stated in a very dismissive way:
‘Just look at her’.
The IAAF firmly maintains they only
care about fair play in sport. Some people,
though, see the whole situation as repre-
senting a massive problem with tolerance
and acceptance. What if Semenya looked
like an average, feminine-looking, white
runner? Would she also be examined
in the way she has been since her first
success?
“I am a woman and I am a world-class
athlete,” Semenya said. “The IAAF will
not drug me or stop me from being who
I am.” It appears that the issue stopped
revolving only around fair play, but has
become for Caster a matter of self-identity
as a woman and as an athlete. In fact,
Semenya might be perceived by many
people as the voice of those who fight for
their rights to stay who they are and the
way they are.
A Twist in Life and
a Battle
It’s funny to think that the racer’s
first training in athletics were intended
to improve her soccer performance, and
she wasn’t thinking of becoming a pro-
fessional runner. As is often the case,
fulfilling your dreams can mean fighting
against obstacles. Semenya has been
under scrutiny since 2008. That year she
celebrated her first victory in the World
Junior Championships in the 800 meters,
with which her career got off the ground.
Whatever the world thinks about Caster
Semenya, one thing is undeniable: she’s
been fighting bravely for the last ten
years.  n
Do you know
that…?
The 400 meters in the Olympics
was introduced in 1896 for men
and it took nearly seventy years
before women ran this distance
for the first time in 1964.
ENGLISH MATTERS 1|2020

Graham Norton :
A Life Full
of Laughter

Culture
The Graham Norton Show
is a talk show that you’ve
probably come across on
YouTube when you typed
the name of some big-
screen celebrity, comedian
or musician. It’s very
popular in the UK, but it’s
also watched in the US and
the rest of the world.

0 laughter | Lachen, Gelächter

to come across sth | etw. zufällig begegnen

comedian kəˈmiːdiən | Komiker

Graham Norton
Graham Norton is an Irish radio
and TV presenter, as well as
a comedian, actor and author. His
style is characteristic because of
his theatrical reactions and his
remarks full of innuendo.

17
 S
ince the show is British, most
of its guests are from the UK,
but there’s no lack of American
big stars in it. It was initially
aired on BBC2, from 2007, but it lately
moved to BBC1. It also started being
broadcast on BBC America just four
months after its British debut. Its for-
mat is very simple and it hasn’t changed
much over time. Graham opens the show
with a short comic monologue, generally
Culture
about recent events or funny news from
the UK, and then he introduces two or
three guests. Generally, among the guests
there is a film celebrity, a comedian and
a musician. Sometimes an extra guest,
generally a musician, is introduced later
in the show. There have been some cases
where it got really crowded, when the
full cast of a movie or a whole band
was invited to chat. Graham interviews
each guest one at the time, but there’s
no real order. He may ask a question to
one guest and then the same question to
another one, creating funny comparisons.
Of course, Graham is privy to the guests
most shameless or peculiar anecdotes, so
you’ll learn a funny thing or two about
your favourite personality.
Music
Some musicians are on the show from
the beginning, others appear later on, giv-
ing a short interview before performing
a song, for example. Some musicians
perform first, to then go and sit with the
rest of the guests. There is no actual rule.
There were some cases where two musi-
cians appeared on the show and only one
of them performed, such as the one with
Marilyn Manson and Rihanna. Marilyn
was there from the beginning, while
Rihanna appeared for the last ten minutes
of the show, singing one song and then
sitting on the red sofa with Marilyn and
Nigella Lawson, a famous British cook.
Some of the most popular musical per-
formances in the show were Pink’s What
About Us and Try on two separate occa-
sions, Camilla Cabello’s Havana in 2018,
Ed Sheeran’s Castle On The Hill in 2017,
Rihanna’s Only Girl in 2010, Michael
Bublé´s I Only Have Eyes For You in 2014,
Tom Odell If You Wanna Love Somebody
in 2018, George Ezra Paradise in 2018,
Adele’s Set Fire To The Rain in 2011,
1 3
18
Sigrid´s Strangers and Chandelier on two
occasions, Jess Glynne Performs I’ll Be
There in 2018, Justin Bieber´s What Do
You Mean? in 2015, Maroon 5’s Animals
in 2015, Calvin Harris and Rag’n’Bone
Man´s Giant in 2018 and Calvin Harris
& Dua Lipa’s sample of One Kiss in 2018.
Audience Participation
One of the key elements of the show is
the participation of the public. The only
rule is that it needs to be something funny,
but everything else goes. For instance, in
the show with Marilyn Manson, a man
appeared on the show just because he’d
tattooed his penis. A random member
of the audience volunteered to go with
him behind a screen to see the tattoo
and comment on it. Even Marilyn took
a peep in the end. Other audience partici-
pations are similar: the whole audience
is asked a question before the show and
the person with the strangest answer
is asked to tell it out loud. For instance,
once the question was “What´s your worst
fear?” and Graham went up to a lady who
answered: “Cotton wool”. On another
occasion, a woman from the audience
made a cake in the form of a real sized
Christian Grey, which the guests tried.
Other forms of participation are more
common, such as saying “I love you” to
your favourite celebrity, giving them
a hug or dancing with them. Another
weird audience moment happened when
a forensic scientist shared her fear, and
1 lack of sb | Mangel an jdm.
aired | ausgestrahlt
broadcast | übertragen,
gesendet
crowded | voll, vollgestopft
cast | Besetzung
to interview sb | jdn. interviewen
one at the time | einzeln
to be privy to sth tə biˈprɪvi tə
ˈsʌmθɪŋ | in etw. eingeweiht sein
shameless | schamlos
peculiar | eigenartig
to appear | erscheinen
to perform sth | etw. aufführen
2 chandelier ˌʃændəˈlɪə(r) / ˌʃændəˈlɪr
| Kronleuchter, Chandelier
random | zufällig
to volunteer | sich freiwillig
melden
said that she was afraid of sperm in places
where it’s not supposed to be. Graham
proceeded to check for sperm stains on
a man from the audience with a semen-
detector black light.
At the end of some shows in recent
seasons there has been another segment
involving the audience, called “That’s
All We’ve Got Time For”. A member of
the audience sits on a red chair and tells
a funny story. There’s a lever in front of
all the guests, and if they or Graham don’t
like the story, they can pull the lever and
the red chair falls backwards, cutting
the member of the audience off in the
middle of their story and making them
fall off the chair.
Games
The guests play various games, some
of which are quite ingenious. One game
was called the Gaydar, and it consisted
in members of the audience walking on
a red carpet before the show. The guests
have to guess whether this person is
gay or not, according to the way they
walk. There is another game in which
a foreign member of the audience tells
a joke in their own language and a guest,
who happens to be from that country too,
translates the joke into English. The idea
is to see whether the joke translates well
into English. Sometimes, if there’s no
guest who speaks that particular foreign
language, the jokes do not go to waste, but
the members of the audience translate
to take a peep | etw. kurz
angucken
real sized | lebensgroß
to give sb a hug | jdn. umarmen
weird | sonderbar, unheimlich
forensic scientist | Forensiker,
Gerichtsmediziner
3 stain | Flecken
semen | Samen, Sperma
involving sb | unter Einbeziehung jds.
lever | Hebel
in the middle of sth | in der Mitte
von etw.
to fall off the chair | vom Stuhl fallen
ingenious ɪnˈdʒiːniəs | genial
to consist in sth | aus etw. bestehen
according to sth | nach/anhand etw.
to go to waste | verschwendet
werden
ENGLISH MATTERS 1|2020
the joke by themselves. This game is
particularly funny when Latin or Italian
people tell a joke, because, when they
speak, they tend to make gestures that
puzzle the guests.
Generally, Graham enjoys quizzing
his guests about various topics. There
are lots of trivia games in the show. For
instance, Matthew Perry was asked ques-
tions about Chandler in the TV series
Friends. In fact, he did very well in the
quiz, answering difficult questions about
his character.
Guests
All kinds of guests have been on the
show. Think of any famous comedian,
musician or actor, they’ve probably been
on it. There are generally drinks available
for the guest, both before and during
the show, which means that some of the
guests have got drunk on air, such as
Mark Wahlberg, in an episode in 2013.
Some of the most memorable moments of
the show happened when Graham asked
a guest to do a role play or game, like
when he made Hugh Jackman and Billy
Crystal read baking innuendos from real
phrases said by star bakers. But some of
the funniest moments happened by mere
chance. Once a fly appeared on the set.
They all tried to kill it, encouraged by
Steve Carrel, who showed his fly killing
technique. The fly managed to escape, but
it unfortunately decided to visit Chris
O’Dowd’s glass. Chris drank the fly with-
out realising it, making Kristen Wiig
laugh hysterically. In the end, Chris took
the dead fly out of his mouth and put it
on the coffee table on the set.
Every Friday
The Graham Norton show continues
to air every Friday in the UK, and there
are later repeats of the show. In other
countries, the day of broadcast varies,
Culture
but the full episodes are generally found
on YouTube a few weeks after they were
aired. If you’re interested in the world of
show business and want to learn more
vocabulary, especially British, this is the
show for you.
4 to puzzle sb | jdn. verblüffen,
verwirren
trivia | Trivialitäten, Lappalien
available | vorhanden, erhältlich
to get drunk | sich betrinken
on air | live, auf Sendung
5 innuendo ˌɪnjuˈendəʊ /ˌɪnjuˈendoʊ
| Anspielung, Zweideutigkeit
by mere chance | rein zufällig
on the set | auf dem Set
encouraged by sb | durch jdn. ermutigt
to manage to do sth | es schaffen,
etw. zu tun
unfortunately | leider
to realise sth | etw. realisieren, begreifen
hysterically hɪˈsterɪkli | hysterisch
to vary | variieren, sich unterscheiden
6 episode | Folge, Episode
19
 B.I.N.G.O
Which country played Bingo first? Read the article and find out.

I
t may come as a surprise, but the game of bingo did not Bingo Halls
actually originate in Great Britain. It is assumed that it came
into existence in Italy in the 16th century and then moved British bingo halls are huge venues with a capacity, for
to France. Of course, it wasn’t called bingo yet. In France, instance, of 400, 900 or even more than 1,000 seats. They are
Culture

its name was le lotto. not only places where people play bingo and win cash prizes,
Apparently, the game stemmed from lottery games based but also venues where guests socialise, grab a snack or have
on chance. The bingo cards were filled with numbers, not with a pint of beer. The two most popular chains of bingo operators
pictures, as they often are today for educational purposes. Bingo’s are currently Mecca Bingo and Gala Bingo.
exact history as well as the history of its name are difficult to
trace. When in the 19th century the game was played by the
British army, it was called housey-housey. The navy, on the other Bingo Lingo
hand, used the name tombola, whereas Americans got to know
the game under the name beano. Due to the immense popularity of Bingo in Great Britain in
A turning point in the history of bingo in the US was a country the past, the game developed its own jargon. The numbers, used
carnival in Atlanta, Georgia. Edwin Lowe, a toy salesman, visited in bingo calling, have received nicknames based on rhymes and
it on his way to Jacksonsville. He saw a group of people sitting at cultural associations, for example:
the table, playing a game. Players marked the numbers on their 1. Kelly’s eye
cards with dried beans. One female beano player, by accident, 2. One little duck
instead of shouting beano, shouted bingo. Lowe loved the game, 11. Legs eleven
as well as the name bingo. 13. Unlucky for some
The game was a commercial success. To begin with, Lowe sold 21. Royal salute/Key of the door
sets of 12 and 24 cards. However, for the game to be really success- 22. Two little ducks
ful, more combinations of numbers were needed. Lowe also took 40. Life begins
a decision to have more squares on each card. He found a partner 57. Heinz varieties
who was capable of working on more combinations of numbers. 66. Clickety click
Carl Leffler, a math professor, managed to rise to the challenge. 88. Two fat ladies
He created 6,000 bingo cards. The game was extremely popular 
All in all, Bingo is one of the most popular games ever played. n
in churches, which helped in popularising the game very quickly.
1 actually | eigentlich, in square | Quadrat
Wirklichkeit capable of sth | fähig zu etw.
Bingo in Britain to come into existence | entstehen to manage to do sth | etw.
apparently | anscheinend, zustande bekommen
Bingo was popularised in Great Britain during WWI. The offenbar to rise to the challenge | einer
first bingo clubs were opened in the ‘60s when the game became to stem from X | von X Herausforderung gewachsen sein
legalised as a form of gambling. Currently, the number of bingo stammen/kommen extremely | äußerst, extrem
halls in Great Britain is constantly decreasing, from almost 700 chance | Zufall gambling | Glücksspiel
in 2011, to just over 300 at present, as players turn instead to the purpose | Zweck, Ziel currently | gegenwärtig
online version of the game. to trace sth | etw. ausfindig constantly | ständig, konstant
machen to decrease | abnehmen, sinken
navy | Marine to turn to sth | sich etw. zuwenden
DOWNLOAD

on the other hand | andererseits instead | anstatt

whereas | wohingegen 2 venue | Veranstaltungsort

turning point | Wendepunkt capacity | Kapazität,

toy salesman | Spielzeugverkäufer Fassungsvermögen
DOWNLOAD QR CODE SCANNER:
COLORFULMEDIA.DE/SCANNER

dried | getrocknet to grab sth | sich etw.

ZUGANGSCODE bean | Bohne schnappen, hier: etw. essen
vfs female | Frau, weiblich pint | Pint
ODER HÖR ES
DIR AN AUF
by accident | versehentlich, immense | immens, gewaltig,
english-matters-magazin.de zufällig riesig
instead of sth | anstatt etw. nickname | Spitzname
set | Set, Satz, Spiel rhyme raɪm | Reim

20
ENGLISH MATTERS 1|2020

Being Eco-friendly
Environmentalism is one of today’s most environmentalism ɪnˌvaɪrənˈment(ə)lˌɪz(ə)m
prominent ideologies. Everyone is talking | Umweltschutz, Umweltbewusstsein
about sustainability, ecology and conservation. sustainability səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti
| Nachhaltigkeit
If these things matter to you, you’d better be conservation | Naturschutz
up to speed on the lingo. Summon your inner to summon sb to do sth | jdn. herbeirufen,
etw. zu tun
nature-lover and review English Matters’ guide

Conversation Matters
to going green.

Phrasal Verbs Tied to Ecological Environmental

Preservation
• Manufacturers are cutting down
too many trees.
• Rising temperatures are causing
many rivers to dry up.
• Yesterday’s smog totally blotted
out the sun.
• We need to cut down on our use
of plastic.
• Various animals feed on this plant,
so we must protect it.
• Arctic species are at risk of dying
out because of climate change.
preservation | Schutz, Erhaltung
to cut sth down | etw. fällen, umhauen
to dry up | austrocknen
to blot out | auslöschen, abblocken
to cut down on sth | etw. einschränken
to die out | aussterben
Groups and People
• My girlfriend is an environmentalist.
• I can’t stand idealistic hippies and tree-huggers.
• He became an eco-nut at university.
• I support Greenpeace, but I find their methods a bit extreme.
• My father donates regularly to the WWF.
• I saw that the event is sponsored by PETA.
Collocations
• It’s absolutely vital to combat cli-
mate change.
• We need to reduce our carbon
footprint.
• Companies are looking at ways to
offset carbon emissions.
• She really wants to buy a hybrid
car/electric car.
• I think renewable energy is key to
a clean future.
• Several modern buildings feature
eco-friendly designs.
footprint | Fußabdruck, Profil,
Bilanz
to offset | kompensieren
renewable energy rɪˈnjuːəb(ə)l
ˈenə(r)dʒi | erneuerbare Energie
Problems
• My hometown is heavily polluted.
• Greenhouse gases are causing
global warming.
• O verfishing is depleting the
ocean’s supply of marine life.
• Many tropical countries are deal-
ing with the problem of deforesta-
tion.
• Battery farming ought to be illegal,
since it requires animals to be kept
in crowded conditions.
polluted pəˈluːt ɪd | verschmutzt
greenhouse gases ˈɡriːnˌhaʊs ɡæsɪz
| Treibhausgase
global warming | Erderwärmung
overfishing | Überfischung
to deplete dɪˈpliːt | aufbrauchen,
dezimieren
to deal with sth | es mit etw. zu tun
haben
deforestation | Abholzung, Kahlschlag
battery farming | Legebatterien

tree-hugger | Umweltschützer
eco-nut | Öko-Bekloppter
to donate | spenden
PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) | Menschen für die ethische
Behandlung von Tieren

21
 Noteworthy Nouns
• We have to boost public awareness.
• This area is rich in biodiversity.
• There is too much carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere.
• Local residents use this field as a dumping
ground.
• Exhaust fumes from cars should be heav-
ily tested.
• Her hometown is suffering from a heat
wave.
awareness | Bewusstsein
Conversation Matters
biodiversity ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜː(r)səti | Biodiversität
carbon dioxide ˌkɑː(r)bən daɪˈɒksaɪd | 
Kohlendioxid
dumping ground | Müllkippe
exhaust fumes ɪɡˈzɔːst fjuːmz | Abgase
heat wave | Hitzewelle
Adjectives for Activists
• This food is utterly toxic.
• We need to use more reusable plastic bottles.
• They like buying products made of recycled
materials.
• It’s our job to protect endangered species.
• This material is biodegradable.
utterly ˈʌtə(r)li | absolut, völlig
reusable reˈjuːzəb(ə)l | wiederverwendbar
endangered species ɪnˌdeɪndʒə(r)d ˈspiːʃiːz
| bedrohte Art
biodegradable ˌbaɪəʊdɪˈɡreɪdəb(ə)l | biologisch
abbaubar
Vibrant Verbs
• We are diminishing our natural resources.
• This technology helps us purify our water.
• Human activity is threatening the stability
of many ecosystems.
• The storm eroded significant portions of
the beach.
• Oil leaked from the ship into the ocean.
to diminish | reduzieren, verringern
to purify | reinigen
to erode | erodieren, abschwemmen
to leak from | aus etw. lecken/laufen
22
A Domestic Revolution
Francine: I want us to start being more environmentally-responsible
at home.
Chester: OK, so what changes do we need to make?
Francine: First off, no more bottled water. Single-use plastics are
really devastating the ocean, so I want to cut down on those as much
as possible.
Chester: Alright. I know a good water purifier I can get, so we can
drink water from the tap.
Francine: We also need to start buying more groceries from local
producers. I don’t want any of that GM garbage in our home.
Chester: I know a place where we can get free-range eggs. They
explicitly stand against battery farming.
Francine: That’s excellent news. Finally, and I know this may be dif-
ficult, but I want us to think about getting a hybrid car.
Chester: I won’t fight you on this one. We’ve got a gas-guzzler now,
so I suppose we’re ready to get with the times.
tap | Wasserhahn
free-range eggs | Freilandeier
gas-guzzler | Spritfresser
A Heated Debate
Reporter: Your detractors have attacked you for your environmental
policy. What do you have to say in your defence?
Politician: I think my policies speak for themselves. Dedicating more
funds to environmentalist causes simply isn’t feasible.
Reporter: The corporations that support you have been linked to air
pollution from their factories and deforestation. Don’t you see that as
problematic?
Politician: I’ve spoken with a number of industrial leaders and they’ve
all assured me they’ve taken every measure to curb waste and adhere
to sustainability guidelines.
Reporter: And what about your loudest critics who say you’re mur-
dering the planet?
Politician: This is pure rubbish. These are the ramblings of a few
extremists. Only a handful of tree-huggers went to last week’s protest
march. Most voters agree with me.
Reporter: That’s not accurate. Our researchers counted at least 10,000
people on the streets last week. And polls show most people are dis-
satisfied with your leadership, particularly in the area of environmental
policy.
Politician: I hope you’re not suggesting that the Green Party will
threaten me in the next election. If they continue to cosy up with the
likes of Greenpeace, people will quickly see them for the radicals they
really are.
detractor | Kritiker, Gegner to adhere to sth | etw. einhalten
funds | Geldmittel, Gelder handful of sth | eine Handvoll einer S.
feasible | machbar, möglich polls | Umfragen
to curb | eindämmen, to cosy up | einschmeicheln
reduzieren
ENGLISH MATTERS 1|2020
Recruiting
Volunteers
Petunia: Excuse me, sir. Can
I have a moment of your time? I’d
like to speak with you about an
event we’re holding this weekend
to clean up our local forests.
Max: You’re not one of those
eco-freaks, are you?
Petunia: I’m just passionate
about our environment. I repre-
sent a local NGO that’s trying to
collect enough volunteers to pick
up rubbish in one of our lovely
forests.
Max: Well, I live next to a forest,
so this is actually an issue that’s
close to my heart. I’ve noticed
more garbage lately, too.
Petunia: Then you sound like
the perfect volunteer. In case you
didn’t know, trees in our local
forests are also being chopped
down at an alarming rate. We’re
planning to plant dozens of sap-
lings this weekend as well.
Max: I actually have a back-
ground in forestry, so I would
love to help out.
Petunia: Fantastic. I’ll write
your name down as a volunteer,
then. I have one final question.
We’re also collecting donations
for future efforts to preserve the
natural beauty of our environ-
ment. Would you be willing to
make a contribution today?
Max: I’m afraid I never carry
much cash with me. If I can go
home and consult with my wife,
could I bring my contribution to
the clean-up this weekend?
to clean up | säubern,
aufräumen
eco-freak | Öko-Freak
to be passionate about sth | eine
Leidenschaft für etw. haben
to chop sth down | etw. fällen
sapling | Setzling, Bäumchen
forestry | Forstwirtschaft
effort | Anstrengung, Einsatz
The UK Goes Zero-Carbon
In the first half of 2019, more of the
UK’s electricity needs were met by
zero-carbon fuels than by fossil fuels.
This is the first time this has hap-
pened since the Industrial Revolution.
Zero-carbon fuels are energy sources
that don’t produce carbon dioxide,
like solar, wind and hydro power. All
renewables combined are now respon-
sible for 24 percent of Britain’s elec-
tricity, while nuclear power produces
a further 18 percent.
Power generated from these sources
has now outstripped the energy
fossil fuels | fossile Brennstoffe
solar power | Solarenergie
to outstrip sth | etw. überflügeln,
übertreffen
Modernising an Ancient Wonder?
The Peruvian government has
announced plans to construct an airport
at one of the world’s most cherished
sites, Machu Picchu. The centuries-old
settlement of the Inca civilisation will
soon be home to Chinchero Interna-
tional Airport. It will cater to the mil-
lion or so tourists who visit Machu Pic-
chu in the Andes each year. The plan is
obviously to boost tourism to the area,
as the nearest airport is currently 120
km away in Cuzco.
Conservationists and environmen-
tal activists are staunchly against
the decision to build the airport.
ancient ˈeɪnʃ(ə)nt | antik
obviously ˈɒbviəsli | offensichtlich
to boost | ankurbeln, verstärken
staunchly stɔːntʃli | standhaft
untouched | unberührt
rural | ländlich
production of fossil fuels like coal
and natural gas. The largest decline
has been in coal. A decade ago, coal
brought 30 percent of Britons their
electricity. Today, that figure is just
three percent. John Pettigrew, the
CEO of utility company National
Grid, called this achievement “a key
milestone on the journey towards net
zero.” The UK government intends
to reach net zero carbon emissions by
2050, which would make Britain the
Conversation Matters
world’s largest economy to accomplish
this goal.
decline | Rückgang, Abnahme
coal | Kohle
milestone | Meilenstein
Machu Picchu has been a UNESCO
World Heritage Site since 1983, and
many believe that it should remain
untouched. Surrounding rural com-
munities may not be able to handle
a massive influx of additional tour-
ists. Increased development will be
needed, and countless natural and
man-made treasures will likely be
destroyed. Parts of the intricate Inca
landscape may be altered or harmed.
A leading archaeologist noted that the
airport “will cause irreparable damage
due to noise, traffic and uncontrolled
urbanisation.”
influx of tourists | Touristenstrom
treasure | Schatz
intricate | verschachtelt, kompliziert
to alter | ändern
urbanisation ˌɜː(r)bənaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n | 
Urbanisation, Verstädterung
23
 The Hysteria Around
Hunting
Is hunting a reasonable pastime, or is it an obsolete activity that needs
to be done away with? Arm yourself as English Matters presents how
heated the debate over hunting can get.

H
unting has been around as
long as humans have. The
question is: is it incompatible
with modern life? Hunting is
a common hobby for many, and com-
mercial hunting is a thriving business.
But this doesn’t make it right. Animal
rights activists, ecologists and others
have denounced hunting as downright
unethical. Hunting inspires plenty of
emotions, and the debate surrounding it
is doubtlessly alive and kicking.

Gung-Ho for Hunting

“In my community, hunting does a lot
of good. We organise controlled hunts
that manage local wildlife populations. hunting can do in places like Africa. Conservation efforts could see a boost too.
Controversial Debate Topics

For us, it’s all about deer. Their num-
bers periodically bloom, and they can
do some real damage if hunters don’t
keep the population in check. They eat
up hundreds of plant species and start
encroaching in developed areas. They
damage property and are known to cause
car accidents. Hunting the deer is just a
necessity.”
-Francis
“I come from a family of hunters, so
for us it’s just a way of life. It’s our main
source of food. I guess hunting skills
could even come in handy in some kind
of survival situation. The meat we col-
lect is lean, protein-rich and free of that
GMO garbage you’ll find in the store.
It’s also the cheapest option for us. And
we don’t stop there. We use the hides to
make clothing, blankets, things like that.
We even sell them for some extra cash.”
-Michelle
“Western countries may find hunting
abhorrent, but think of the good legal
Illegal poachers can kill off hundreds
of lions or giraffes in a given area, and a
local village would see none of the ben-
efits. But what could legal trophy hunting
bring? If governments sell the right for
western hunters to hunt a specific ani-
mal, that money would go into the local
economy and make a world of difference.
reasonable ˈriːznəbl | vernünftig,
akzeptabel
pastime | Zeitvertreib
obsolete ˈɒbsəliːt | überholt, altmodisch
to do away with sth | etw. abschaffen
incompatible ˌɪnkəmˈpætəbl | 
unvereinbar
common | üblich, gewöhnlich
thriving | florierend, blühend, erfolgreich
to denounce sth | etw. anprangern
downright | geradezu, völlig
to inspire sth | etw. befeuern, wecken
doubtlessly | zweifellos
alive and kicking | gesund und munter
gung-ho for sth | sehr engagiert/
kampfeslustig für etw. sein
community | Gemeinschaft
We’re talking about potentially millions
of dollars here, so the benefits of hunting
can’t be disregarded.”
-Felicia
“I always felt that hunting brought me
closer to nature. I love these animals. I can
recognise a species of bird just by sight. I
periodically | periodisch, regelmäßig
to bloom | (er)blühen, hier: stark ansteigen
species | Spezies, Gattung
to encroach | eindringen, eingreifen
property | Eigentum, Besitz
to come in handy | sich als nützlich
erweisen
lean | mager, fettarm
garbage | Müll
hides | Felle, Tierhäute
abhorrent | abscheulich, widerlich
poacher ˈpəʊtʃə(r) | Wilderer, Wilddieb
effort | Anstrengung, Bemühung
boost | Verstärkung, Förderung
disregarded | missachtet,
unberücksichtigt
bird bɜːd | Vogel

24
ENGLISH MATTERS 1|2020
know what they eat, I can spot their trails,
and I even feel like I can get a sense of
their personalities. We raise some of these
animals on our farm too, so I find hunting
to be an intimate experience. My grand-
father passed down heaps of knowledge
about these stunning animals to me, and
I hope to do the same with my grandkids.
If we weren’t camping and hunting in
the woods, we’d just be wasting away
watching TV on the couch. And who
wants that?”
-Anthony
Hunting Haters
“I’ve got no problem with hunting
for sustenance. If some farmer halfway
around the world has to kill animals to
feed his family, so be it. What really bugs
me is hunting for sport. I see photos of
hunters posing next to animal carcasses
all over social media. How tasteless? All
they care about is some trophy. And with
today’s modern weaponry, it’s not exactly
a sport, is it? All you have to do is pull
a trigger, and you’ve killed a beautiful
creature. Show some respect to nature.”
-Quentin
“Think of all the ecological harm hunt-
ing has already caused. I’ve read news
reports that say humans have hunted over
a dozen animal species to extinction in
the past 200 years. The passenger pigeon
and Tasmanian tiger come to mind. And
now, we still hear about all those endan-
gered species that are threatened by hunt-
ing today. Elephants, rhinos, gorillas.
Did you know that there are fewer than
4,000 tigers alive in the wild today? That’s
dreadful! A century ago, their population
was more like 100,000. We’re murdering
our own planet.”
-Miguel
“I am opposed to hunting because it’s
rarely done right. You really need a clean
kill shot to minimise an animal’s suffer-
ing and to ensure that the meat will be fit
for human consumption. The problem is
that untrained amateur hunters don’t get
a kill shot 100 percent of the time. It’s not
even close. If a hunter is only able to injure
an animal, then we already have needless
suffering. It’s even worse when hunters
mistakenly kill a mother whose offspring
are still dependent on her. Without the
mother, the young will perish on their
own in the wild. What a shame!”
-Barbara
“I find the financial costs of hunting
to be prohibitive. It’s becoming a hobby
for the rich. I took a safety course, applied
for the necessary permits, bought the right
equipment and purchased a legal firearm.
I was practically broke in the end. And
you know who attended the classes with
me? A bunch of lawyers and doctors.
Bored city folk with money to spend. If
it’s just morphing into a pastime for the
elite, what’s the point?”
-Anastasia
Hunting Hullabaloo
The various arguments for and against
hunting show that winning over converts
from one side to another isn’t going to be
easy. Convincing an animal-lover that
hunting can do good is tricky. Telling
a hunter that his actions are immoral is
asking for trouble. Instead, it might be
better to remember that both sides make
valid points and to respect each person’s
private beliefs.
trail | Spur
to pass down sth | etw. weitergeben
heaps of sth | viel (von) etw., eine Masse
an etw.
to waste away | dahinsiechen, verkümmern
sustenance | Nahrung, Versorgung
to bug sb | jdn. wurmen, aufregen, ärgern
carcass ˈkɑːkəs | Kadaver, Tierkadaver
weaponry | Waffen
to pull a trigger | abdrücken, den Abzug
betätigen
to hunt sth to extinction | etw. durchs
Jagen/Überjagen ausrotten
passenger pigeon | Wandertaube
to come to mind | in den Sinn kommen
endangered ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd | gefährdet
rhino ˈraɪnəʊ | Nashorn
to injure sb | jdn. verletzen
needless | unnötig
suffering | Leiden
offspring | Nachwuchs
dependant on sb | abhängig von jdm.
to perish | krepieren, sterben
prohibitive | unerschwinglich, untragbar
to apply for sth | etw. beantragen
permit | Genehmigung
to purchase sth | etw. erwerben, kaufen
firearm | Schusswaffe
broke | pleite
bunch of sb | ein Haufen (von) jdm.
folk | Leute
to morph into sth | sich in etw. verwandeln
hullabaloo | Lärm, Getöse, Affenspektakel
to convince sb | jdn. überzeugen
instead | stattdessen
Fact File
If you want to read up a lit-
tle more on hunting, we recom-
mend two mind-blowing short
stories. Here’s some brief info
on these page-turners, without
any spoilers:
The Interlopers - Written
by a British writer with the pen
name Saki, this tale focuses on
two men caught up in a feud.
One man legally owns a piece of
land that the other hunts on, and
they both appear to be willing to
kill the other to settle the fight.
A twist puts a wrench in their
plans, and it’s a thrill to see who
comes out on top.
The Most Dangerous Game
- This story was written by
Controversial Debate Topics
Richard Connell, an American.
A hunter from New York falls
from a yacht and finds himself
on a remote Caribbean island.
He is rescued by a wealthy
Russian who then hunts him
because he has grown bored of
hunting animals. What ensues
may be the most nail-biting
game of cat-and-mouse you’ll
ever read.
mind-blowing | überwältigend,
atemberaubend, Wahnsinns-
page-turner | fesselndes Buch
to focus on sth | sich auf etw.
konzentrieren
feud | Fehde, Kleinkrieg
twist | Wendung
to put a wrench (in sth) | jds.
Pläne durchkreuzen
remote | entlegen
wealthy | wohlhabend, reich
to ensue | folgen, nachfolgen
nail-biting | nervenzerreißend
25
 Waste Sorting Story
Most of us realise that recycling has become a necessity in our modern
world. In the United States alone, 254 million tons of trash is produced
annually. Out of that exorbitant amount, only around 34 per cent is
recycled. Even though most people are aware of the need to recycle
and take an active part in it, they may be unaware of the fact that it’s
not done properly.

S
ometimes it is not clear in
which bin a milk carton should
be placed – in the container for
paper or plastic? Also, some
may have doubts whether to wash the
containers before tossing them in the bin.
English Matters is here to clear up the
confusion and help you do things right!
Recycling rules vary from one munici-
pality to another, so you should check
local regulations on how to separate your
recycling. However, there are some hard
and fast rules you need to remember if
you want to recycle properly!
Tips
Tip 1
Not all plastics are recyclable! If you’re
not sure whether a given plastic container
can be recycled, check the resin identifica-
tion code – a “chasing arrows” triangle
with a number inside. Containers marked
“1” (PET) and “2” (HDPE) are recyclable.
In contrast, products made using plastic
marked no. “3” (PVC), which is called
the “poison plastic”, cannot be recycled.
Numbers “4” and “5” are accepted by
0 to realise | realisieren, erkennen
annually | jährlich
exorbitant | maßlos, übertrieben
to be aware of sth | sich einer S. bewusst
sein
to be unaware of sth | sich etw. nicht
bewusst sein
properly | richtig, geeignet
1 container | Behälter, Container
doubt daʊt | Zweifel
to toss sth in sth | etw. in etw. werfen
municipality mjuːˌnɪsɪˈpæləti | Gemeinde,
Kommune
2 recyclable ˌriːˈsaɪkləbl | wiederverwertbar
resin | Harz, hier: Granulat
arrow | Pfeil
triangle | Dreieck

26
ENGLISH MATTERS 1|2020
some curb side recycling programmes,
so you need to check with your local col-
lection service, while no. “6” is usually
not accepted.
Do not recycle unmarked plastic con-
tainers!
Tip 2
Plastic or paper? Most of us feel
confused when it comes to recycling
cartons of milk or juice; it’s not clear
whether it should be put in the paper
or plastic bin, since the cartons are
primarily made of paper but have a thin
layer of plastic on them. Sometimes the
recycling programme collects paper and
plastic together, so worrying which bin
to choose is not an issue, but at other
times this is not the case. So, if your
3 curb side recycling | Müllabfuhr, gelbe Tonne
unmarked | unmarkiert, unbezeichnet
primarily | hauptsächlich
layer ˈleɪə(r) / leə(r) | Schicht
to collect sth | etw. sammeln
4 cap | Deckel, Verschluss
to handle sth | mit etw. klarkommen
to flatten sth | etw. flachmachen
recycling programme collects materi-
als separately, then put your cartons
in the container for plastic and metal.
Why? Because they will be sorted and
separated from the rest of the materials
at the recycling facility; the point is,
they need to be put in the right bin to
be taken to the right facility.
Tip 3
More on cartons. Another question
is – should I leave the caps on or remove
them? The answer is – you can leave
them on. They will be handled at the
sorting facility. Another important issue
is whether you should flatten, fold or crush
your cartons. You might be surprised
but this should not be done. Leaving the
cartons in their 3D form will help the
to fold sth | etw. falten
to crush sth | etw. zerdrücken, zerquetschen
5 to rinse sth | etw. ausspülen
to dispose of sth | etw. entsorgen, loswerden
to empty sth | etw. leeren, entleeren
jar | Glas
mayonnaise ˌmeɪəˈneɪz | Mayonnaise
to scrape sth | etw. abkratzen, abschaben
sorters to spot cartons and separate them
from the rest of materials.
Tip 4
To rinse or not to rinse? Rinsing car-
tons is not necessary, so you can dispose
of them after removing the remaining
liquid. What about other containers? You
have emptied a jar of mayonnaise, scraped
the last bits of cat food from a can, used
up the last drop of ketchup from a plastic
bottle – should you rinse it before toss-
ing it in the recycling bin? The answer
is – yes! It does not have to be perfectly
clean, but it shouldn’t be filthy, and most
important – don’t throw away a half-
empty jar of jam into the recycling bin.
Such excessive food and drink residue can
contaminate the whole recycling load, and
bits | Stückchen
drop | Tropfen
filthy | dreckig
half-empty | halbleer
residue ˈrezɪdjuː | Rückstand, Rest
to contaminate sth | etw. verschmutzen,
verunreinigen
load | Ladung
Tips
27
 instead of being recycled, it will end up in
landfill. Also, it attracts vermin. So you
may do more harm than good. To avoid
wasting water, you can re-use leftover
washing up water to clean the recyclables.
Tip 5
Don’t put recyclables in a plastic bag! If
you collect your recyclables in a plastic bag,
chances are you don’t bother to empty out
its contents into the recycling bin, you just
throw away the whole thing. Plastic bags
cause problems at the recycling facility – they
jam recycling equipment and wrap around
other materials and may cause damage to
the machinery. They also contaminate paper
bales, if your paper load is put in a plastic bag.
Tip 6
So, how do we recycle plastic bags?
Plastic bags require special sorting
machines, so even though they are made
of plastic, they won’t get recycled with other
plastic materials. If you want to recycle plas-
tic bags – collect them and then take them
to a large supermarket, most large stores
will have a container for used plastic bags.
Make sure your bags are empty and dry.
Tips
Tip 7
No mixed or connected materials. If you
want to recycle a window envelope, first you
need to get rid of the plastic part (“the win-
dow”), then you can recycle the rest. If your
paper envelope is lined with bubble wrap,
only recycle the paper. Recycle bubble wrap
together with plastic bags at special collection
points. Also, remove paper or plastic labels
from cans or bottles.
Tip 8
Some items cannot be recycled, even if
made from materials that are recyclable. Even
though glass can be recycled, the following
cannot: mirrors, broken glass (e.g. window
glass or wine glasses), glass cookware, plate
6 7
28
glass, nail polish bottles, ceramics, light
bulbs. Also, not all paper products can
be recycled – tissues, napkins and used
paper towels cannot be recycled because
they are too contaminated. You can recycle
a pizza box, but only if it’s not too greasy
or covered in sauce.
Tip 9
On or off? If you have a bathroom
cleaner bottle with a trigger spray – leave
it on, but remove pumps from liquid soap
bottles as they are not recyclable. Most of
the plastic bottles from your bathroom can
be recycled – shampoo and conditioner
bottles, shower gel containers, even bleach
bottles – empty them, give them a quick
rinse, and replace the lids (put them back
on).
Tip 10
When in doubt – leave it out! It’s better
to send one item of trash to landfill than
risk ruining a whole batch of recyclables.
However, before you make that decision,
try to check your local recycling pro-
gramme to clear up any doubts!
Recycling is a necessity in today’s world,
we need to remember, however, that it is
only one of the 3 Rs Rule, with the other two
being reduce and reuse. So, instead of taking
another plastic bag, make sure to carry around
a jute or cotton tote bag with you.  n
6 instead of sth | anstatt etw.
landfill | Deponie
vermin | Ungeziefer
leftover | übriggeblieben
bale | Ballen
to require sth | etw. erfordern
to get rid of sth | sich einer S.
entledigen
bubble wrap | 
Luftpolsterfolie
cookware | Kochgeschirr
7 light bulb | Glühbirne
napkin | Serviette
greasy | fettig, schmierig
trigger spray | Sprühventil
tote bag | Einkaufstasche,
Tragetasche
On the screen
In the QR code above, you can get
a behind the scenes look at what
happens at a recycling facility.
First, you’ll find out that China,
which has been the largest
importer of the world’s waste,
has recently imposed restrictions
on importing “foreign garbage”.
This means the amount of trash
sent abroad by the UK will sig-
nificantly diminish; therefore,
the country will need to develop
its own infrastructure when it
comes to recycling. It’s all well
explained in the video.
Next there is a visit to the recy-
cling plant Suez, in Birmingham,
where you will see an interview
with Dr Adam Reed, an external
affairs director at Suez Recycling
& Recovery UK. You will see
what two days’ worth of garbage
looks like, learn about the whole
recycling process (sorting, bal-
ing), find out about problems
encountered at the plant (e.g. con-
tamination of recycled materials),
and finally, listen to tips on how
to recycle properly.
to impose sth on sth | etw. mit
etw. belegen
restriction | Einschränkung
foreign garbage | ausländischer
Abfall
abroad | ins Ausland
to diminish | abnehmen, sich
verringern
therefore | daher, deshalb
external affairs | außerbetriebliche
Angelegenheiten
two days worth of X | X für zwei Tage
garbage | Abfall, Müll
encountered | vorgefunden,
auftretend
plant | Fabrik
ENGLISH MATTERS 1|2020

50 Slick Sentences
Do you ponder how to impress others with a mastery of the queen’s
language but still struggle with doubts how to respond to certain
situations or express your opinion? Don’t panic!

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As the following list of English expressions
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I feel under the weather.
0 to ponder | nachdenken, grübeln

to struggle with sth | sich mit etw. It doesn’t make any difference to me.
schwertun
doubts daʊts | Zweifel It bores me to tears.

Language
I’ve been working in this company for ten years. I can’t see what all the fuss is about.

What do you do for a living? What a let-down!

Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the train Do you have room for seconds?
station?
Football is not my cup of tea.
Excuse me, do you know where the National Museum is?
I’m running late for school.
I haven’t got a clue.
I really appreciate your help.
Anyway, I should get going.
I’d like to make an appointment.
That’s a good deal.
1 to enrich sth | etw. bereichern
Fancy meeting you here! clue | Ahnung, Idee
deal | Handel, Geschäft
I was purple with rage. Fancy meeting you
here! | Lustig dich hier
Can you pick me up from the railway station? zu treffen!
purple with rage | rot vor
Do you fancy going out tonight? Wut
to pick sb up | jdn. abholen
Sorry, I can’t make it. Do you fancy going out
tonight? | Hast du Lust heute
I had to wait ages for a bus. Abend auszugehen?
2 What have you been up to
What time shall we meet? lately? | Was hast du in letzter
Zeit so gemacht?
I’ll be with you in a minute. to hang out with sb | mit jdm.
Zeit verbringen
It’s up to you. | Es liegt
an dir.
I feel under the weather. | Ich
fühle mich angeschlagen.
It bores me to tears. | Es
langweilt mich zu Tode.
fuss | Wirbel, Aufregung
let-down | Enttäuschung,
Reinfall
Do you have room for
seconds? | Hast Du Platz für
Nachschlag?
one’s cup of tea | jds. Ding/
Sache
to run late | spät dran sein
to make an appointment | eine
Verabredung treffen

1 2

29
 I’m short of money.
That’s a rip-off.
I’m fond of travelling.
I’m fed up with this horrible
weather.
Make sure to bundle up.
It’s absolutely boiling!
Could we have the bill, please?
Could I try this on?
3 I’m short of money | Mir fehlt das Geld.
rip-off | Abzocke
to be fond of sth | etw. lieben
to be fed up with sth | von etw. genug
haben, etw. satthaben
to bundle up | sich warm einpacken
Language
Slang
Slang is informal or casual
language commonly used by
a particular group of people,
such as teenagers, in order to
establish group identity, exclude
outsiders or both. Although it
is often hard to understand,
it shows that the English lan-
guage is constantly evolving.
Let’s dive into some examples:
I’m chuffed with my birth-
day present.” It means I’m
very pleased or happy about it;
“We had a good chinwag over
a bottle of whisky” – a long and
pleasant conversation between
friends. Slang is also used in
acronyms like YOLO (you only
live once), encouraging people
to seize the day.
particular pəˈtɪkjʊlə | speziell,
besondere
to be chuffed with sth | sich über
etw. freuen, mit etw. zufrieden
sein
chinwag | Plauderei, Plausch
3 4
30
You’ve got to be kidding me! Don’t mention it.
That was a stroke of luck. I couldn’t agree with you more.
Is there anything good on at the I’m starving!
cinema?
Let’s grab a bite to eat.
Let me give you a hand.
I can hardly keep my eyes open.
Sorry, I’m not with you on that.
The above are just a few examples of
We really need to take care of it. the most common phrases in the English
language. Try to learn them by heart and
That was a real bargain. use them while talking to others. One thing
is certain, they will make your communica-
That’s so kind of you. tion easier, richer and more enjoyable. n
boiling | kochend heiß bargain ˈbɑːɡɪn | Schnäppchen,
to try sth on | etw. anprobieren Angebot
4 stroke of luck | Glücksfall, Glückssträhne 5 Don’t mention it. | Nicht der Rede wert.
Sorry, I’m not with you on that. |  I’m starving! | Ich sterbe vor Hunger!
Entschuldigung, da bin ich anderer Let’s grab a bite to eat. | Lass uns einen
Meinung. Happen essen.
Indirect questions
If you want to ask for information or make requests in a more polite way,
use indirect questions. Such questions start with phrases like:
• Could you tell me...
• Do you know…?
• Would you mind…?
• Do you have any idea…?
• Would it be possible…?
Then, for informa-
tion requests, add
one of t he wh-
question words:
where, what,
when, who,
why or how.
Remember
t houg h t h at
indirect ques-
tions have the
word order
of a state-
ment/positive
sentence and
are noun clauses,
for example: Excuse me, do
you know where the Palace
of Culture and Science is?
ENGLISH MATTERS 1|2020
F#*king Swear Words
We’ve all heard them, we all know them, sh*t, sometimes
we even use them! But we all know they’re frowned
upon by many, because by their very definition they are
offensive… bloody offensive.
S
wear words (or curse words
as they’re known in the USA)
are a set of words that may
be uttered under the breath or
shouted at the top of the lungs – whichever
way they are expressed, they are a spe-
cific set of words which are not
for everyone. The main cri-
terion required for a word
to be entered into the
group known as
‘swear words’ is
that it offends most
people. This offensive
nature, coupled with their
versatility, has made swear words
very popular the world over. They’re
used to express annoyance, to give strong
emphasis to something, to surprise or
deliberately offend the listener, or some-
times simply to fill in gaps in sentences.
A Time and a Place
for Swearing
According to the definition of swear
words, some are quite location specific –
in one part of the world, they are known
0 to frown upon sth/sb | e
 tw. missbilligen
offensive | beleidigend
bloody | verflucht, verdammt
1 curse kɜː(r)s | F luch, Fluchwort
to utter ˈʌtə(r) | äußern, ausstoßen
to shout at the top of one’s
lungs | lautstark/mit lauter Stimme
schreien
versatility ˌvɜː(r)səˈtɪləti | Vielseitigkeit
annoyance | Verärgerung, Ärgernis
deliberately | absichtlich, bewusst
to fill in the gaps | die Lücken
ausfüllen
according to sth/sb | laut jdm./etw.
1 2
as vulgar and therefore are swear words,
but to people from another area, the same
word may have no meaning at all…or at
least less meaning. As an example, the
most common and widely known swear
word in English ‘fuck’ is offensive in
England to the extent that it would never
be printed on a T-shirt or spoken on the
radio (even in songs). However, this same
word occurs in both of these situations
in Poland, because the connection to the
vulgarity of the word is not so strong and
therefore not as offensive – because of its
being foreign, ‘fuck’ is barely a swear
word in Poland. The same difference in
2 therefore | daher, deshalb
to the extent | in dem Ausmaß
to print | drucken
however | jedoch, allerdings
to occur | auftreten, sich ereignen
connection to sth | Verbindung
zu etw.
barely | kaum
3 native language | Muttersprache
wanker | Wichser
rude | derb, unhöflich
confusion | Verwirrung, Trubel
similarly | gleichermaßen, ähnlich
crap | Scheiße, Mist
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ODER HÖR ES
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english-matters-magazin.de
vulgarity according
to location is even
true in countries that have the same native
language. Take ‘wanker’ for example; it’s
quite a rude word in the UK, but would
cause more confusion than offense in
the USA, where there word is not used
(the American term ‘jerkoff’ would have
a comparable effect in the UK). Similarly,
words which were once considered offen-
sive have become so commonly used
that they have lost some of their offen-
Language
sive nature – ‘crap’ for example. Other
Criteria vs
Criterion
As with so many words in the
English language, ‘criteria’
comes from Greek. It is the plu-
ral form of ‘criterion.’ The plu-
ral form is far more common in
English, to the point that many
people don’t realise it is plural.
They mistakenly use ‘criteria’
as singular. A similar situation
happened with ‘data’ which is
(or was) the plural form of the
word ‘datum.’ In this situation
though, ‘data’ is most com-
monly used in English as an
uncountable noun and is there-
fore used with singular forms of
verbs. Which verb forms to use
with ‘data’ is a matter of debate,
as some linguists cannot agree
on the criteria for the decision.
criteria | Kriterien
matter of debate | 
Diskussionsgegenstand
3
31
 offensive words of days gone by have
slipped out of general use, so saying them
today would confuse a listener rather than
offend them! A few examples are blowse,
fussock, and thingumbob.
Severity of Swear Words
Just like with the meaning of swear
words being connected to location, there
is a sort-of hierarchy of swear words.
It’s definitely not a black and white
line between offensive and inoffensive
(unless you’re at school or in the pres-
ence of a strict parent, of course – then
all swear words are off limits). Generally,
in England, swear words can be grouped
into three main categories: the least offen-
sive, offensive, and very offensive. The
What Did you
Call me?
Language
Many less offensive swear
words are used as insults. Their
specific meanings may differ
(although many of them refer to
male genitalia), but they’re all
essentially unkind words used
to label someone as annoying
or idiotic. Here’s a selection that
are usually used predominantly
on men: dickhead, knob, prick,
moron, son of a bitch, cock,
pussy and bellend. There are
a few gender specific insults for
women too; bitch, whore, hoe,
munter, bint and cow.
to differ | sich unterscheiden
unkind | unfreundlich, hart
dickhead | Schwachkopf,
Arschloch
prick | Schwanz, Arschloch,
Scheißkerl
moron | Idiot, Depp
pussy | Muschi, Waschlappen,
Angsthase
bellend | Arschloch
whore | Hure, Nutte
hoe | Hure, Schlampe
munter | hässliche Frau
bint | Weibsstück
4 6
N
32
lower category includes crap, hell, bloody,
arse, dick, and shite. The main category
includes, shit, fuck, wanker, bastard, and
arsehole. While the final category has
only one word that this writer can think
of, but is so severe that he doesn’t say and
won’t write completely; ‘c*nt.’
Pardon my French
The phrase ‘pardon my French’ is
sometimes used as an apology for
using swear words, although obviously
the swear words used are not French!
Similarly, the swear words themselves
often have an original meaning, but are
not used with that definition in mind, for
example bastard originally referred to
somebody who was born out of wedlock
(born to unmarried parents) but the word
is now used simply as an insult. When
calling someone a bastard, the speaker
doesn’t mean, ‘your parents are not mar-
ried!’ but rather, ‘I have a very low opinion
of you and the way you are behaving.’
Another example is the old fashioned
(and now, not so offensive) swear word
‘bloody.’ It’s no surprise what this word’s
literal meaning is, but it is used as an
adjective or adverb meaning ‘very.’
Fucking Versatility
The most famous swear word of pre-
sent-day English is ‘fuck.’ It actually
means ‘to have sexual intercourse’ and
is sometimes used in context in this way,
such as in the phrase ‘we stayed up all
4 to slip out | herausrutschen
severity | Ernst, Schwere
hierarchy | Hierarchie,
Rangfolge
5 hell | Hölle, verdammt, Scheiße
arse | Arsch
shite | Scheiße, Scheißer
bastard | Mistkerl, Drecksau
arsehole | Arschloch
pardon my French | Verzeihen Sie meine
Ausdrucksweise.
although | obwohl
obviously ˈɒbviəsli | offensichtlich,
offenbar
out of wedlock | außerehelich
old fashioned | altmodisch
intercourse | Geschlechtsverkehr
night fucking’ but is more commonly
used idiomatically as in the phrase ‘go
fuck yourself’ (where the literal meaning
is not meant, so this is not an instruction
to try to do that, but rather to go away).
The popularity of the word however,
comes from its versatility: it can be used
as a noun, adjective (with +ed or +ing) or
verb, and it also has a host of collocations
and, of course, is an exclamation. Certain
people are so fond of this word, that it is
the only adjective they use. They also use
it as the filler word of choice, drawing out
the sounds of the two syllable ‘fuc-king’
in such a way that it’s no longer being
used as an offensive swear word, but
rather as a meaningless sound filling the
space between the previous effing thing
and the next one.
In Other Words
Despite the versatility of England’s
favourite swear word, most of those words
labelled as offensive are used to do just
that: offend. As exclamations they’re
arguably the most effective word to use,
although the catharsis they give could
surely be produced by any word said with
the same intention. When they’re used as
an adjective, there’s a plethora of other
options within the massive collection
of words which constitute the English
language. Perhaps those people who
choose to swear to give emphasis should
try harder to find appropriate words to
express what they want to say without
taking the easy option of swear words;
it’s not that f*cking difficult. n
6 noun | Nomen
adjective | Adjektiv
exclamation | Ausruf
to be fond of sth | etw. sehr
mögen/lieben
filler word | Füllwort
meaningless | bedeutungslos
effing | verdammt, Scheiß-
in other words | mit anderen Worten
despite | trotz etw.
labelled ˈleɪbəld | gekennzeichnet,
benannt
arguably | wohl, vertretbarerweise
intention | Intention, Absicht
plethora of sth | Vielzahl an etw.
to constitute | darstellen, sein
appropriate | angemessen, geeignet
 GRAMMAR REFRESHER: Have Got Phrases

Have you got any ideas how to improve your English gram-
mar? Many of us may remember the song by the German
music group Snap, with its hook I’ve got the power. This time
English Matters reveals all the secrets about this grammati-
cal structure, and gives you the power.
As it is commonly known have got (have/has + got) is used
to talk mainly about possessions or personal attributes. But
not only… Let’s study the following examples:
1. Things we own or possess
We’ve got a house in Madrid.
John is hard up. He hasn’t got any money.
2. Physical characteristics
Carol’s got a swarthy complexion.
He hasn’t got ginger hair.
3. Family and relationships
I’ve got two nephews.
Mike hasn’t got any siblings.
4. Illnesses
Susan’s got a terrible cold. you have (got) to be kidding
She hasn’t got ulcers anymore.
5. Timetabled events By this informal phrase you express your surprise and shock
I’ve got tennis lessons at five. at what someone has said and show that you do not accept it.

Language AUSSCHNEIDEN UND SAMMELN

She’s got a business meeting at nine. You want me to try kayaking? You’ve got to be kidding.
6. Abstract things It’s worth remembering that have got is more used in British
I’ve got a feeling. English and have is more American. Moreover, in British
I’ve got the power! English, we use have got more in speaking and have more
Remember that have got is only used in the present simple tense, in writing. Got doubts? Check out our exercise section
so it can’t be used in past or future tenses. To make questions and with have got.
negative sentences with have got we use the auxiliary verb have.
I had flu last week. NOT: I had got flu last week. to improve sth | etw. verbessern
Have you got pneumonia? hook | Aufhänger, Refrain
Other examples of have got… to reveal sth | etw. enthüllen, aufdecken
Apart from general usage, there are some have got phrases commonly | allgemein
you can come across while listening to music or watching mainly | hauptsächlich
TV in English. hard up | knapp an Geld
swarthy | dunkelhäutig, dunkel
Got Milk? ginger | fuchsrot, rötlich braun
This is a popular advertising slogan encouraging the consump- nephew ˈnefjuː | Neffe
tion of milk in North America. It means “Have you got milk?” siblings | Geschwister
cold | Erkältung
Got a minute? ulcer | Geschwür, Ulcus
In English, a minute is often used to express a short amount auxiliary ɔːɡˈzɪliəri | Hilfs-
of time. People often ask: “Got a minute?” which is short flu | Grippe
for “Do you have a minute?” or “Have you got a minute?” pneumonia njuːˈməʊniə | Lungenentzündung
to come across sth | auf etw. stoßen, etw. begegnen
have (got) to go to encourage sb to do sth | jdn. ermutigen, etw. zu tun
can be used in two ways: amount | Menge
Use it when you really want to do something and feel like appointment | Treffen, Verabredung
you can’t wait any longer. to get rid of sth | etw. loswerden
I’ve got to go. I have an important appointment. worth sth | etw. wert
Or when you want to get rid of something, say: These old moreover | außerdem, zudem
boxes have (got) to go. doubt daʊt | Zweifel
 GRAMMAR REFRESHER | EXERCISES

I. Choose the correct answer IV. Put the following words or phrases in the cor-
1. _____ PE on Monday. rect order.
a) They’ve got want/try/You/me/oysters/to/? kidding/You’ve/be/to/got
b) He have got go/to/got/I’ve.
2. I _____ got any business meetings on Tuesday. I/ an/ exam/ important/ have/ in 10/ minutes.
a) haven’t need/We/ talk /to. minute/ you /Have/ got/ a?
Language AUSSCHNEIDEN UND SAMMELN

b) hasn’t at /haven’t/ I /any/ milk /got /the/ moment. empty/These/

3. What lessons _____ today? bottles/ to go/ have (got).
a) John has got
b) has John got orchard ˈɔːtʃəd | Obstgarten
4. When _____ our lecture? nightmare | Albtraum
a) have we got lobster | Hummer
b) we have mole | Maulwurf, hier: Muttermal, Leberfleck
scar | Narbe
bronchitis brɒŋˈkaɪtɪs | Bronchitis
II. Underline the correct form. Sometimes both oyster ˈɔɪstə(r) | Auster
options are correct.
• I have avocado toast with egg for breakfast./I have got
avocado toast with egg for breakfast.
• They have a beautiful orchard./They have got a beautiful
orchard.
• Last night she had a nightmare./Last night she had got a
nightmare.
• I’ll have a lobster salad/I’ll have got a lobster salad.
• Has your parents got a mansion?/Have your parents got
a mansion?
• He has a mole and a scar on his face./He has got a mole
and a scar on his face.
• She has got bronchitis./She had got bronchitis.
• Have your teacher got a projector in his room?/Has your
teacher got a projector in his room?
• I have a match on Monday./I have got a match on
Monday.

III. Match the usage of “have got” with the proper

example.

1 Things we own or a She has got a dentist’s I haven’t got any milk at the moment. These empty bottles have (got) to go.
possess appointment. We need to talk. Have you got a minute?
I’ve got to go. I have an important exam in 10 minutes.
You want me to try oysters? You’ve got to be kidding.
2 Family and b I haven’t got any IV.

relationships brothers or sisters. 1 d, 2. b, 3.c, 4.e, 5.a

III.

3 Illnesses c They have got a terrible I have a match on Monday/ I have got a match on Monday.
cold. Has your teacher got a projector in his room?
She has got bronchitis.
He has a mole and a scar on his face./He has got a mole and a scar on his face.
4 Abstract things d He has got a brand new Have your parents got a mansion?

cabriolet.
I’ll have a lobster salad.
Last night she had a nightmare.
They have a beautiful orchard./They have got a beautiful orchard.

5 Timetabled events e I’ve got a brilliant idea!

I have avocado toast with egg for breakfast
II.

1a, 2a, 3b, 4a

I.
Answers:
 ENGLISH MATTERS 1|2020

UK Seaside Towns
Since Britain is surrounded by water, it’s only logical that it would boast
a fair number of seaside resorts. Despite the changeable climate in the
UK, these places still manage to attract hordes of expectant visitors
each year.

P
erhaps predictably, the majority of Britain’s seaside
resorts are located in the supposedly sunny South of
England. However, there is no lack of popular seaside
resorts in the East and North of England, either.
Blackpool – the UK’s Favourite
Seaside Resort
kilometres. These are switched on from 30 August until 3
November.
Moreover, this town, with its sandy beaches, is the venue
of many world dancing championships, not to mention top
class entertainment events featuring well-known comedians
and musicians.
Brighton

Indeed, when people think of domestic seaside holidays, the
first place that springs to mind is the Blackpool, in the county
of Lancashire in North West England. Its top attractions are
Blackpool Pleasure Beach Amusement Park, with ten roller
coasters; the 158-metre-high Blackpool Tower, which was built
back in 1894; the special double-decker trams running along the
promenade and the world-renowned Blackpool Illuminations,
a dazzling display of ten million lamps stretching over ten
FOT. EMYR JONES, CLIVE D, JACK PEASE, RONALD SAUNDERS, MATT LAKE
Travel
Perhaps Britain’s second most famous seaside resort is
Brighton, the largest town in the county of East Sussex in
the South East of England. The town’s landmark is the Royal
Pavilion. Visually, this building has a decidedly Asian char-
acter. Externally, it is an exotic palace that looks reminiscent
of a miniature Taj Mahal, with its white dome; internally, it is
dominated by images of Oriental dragons. All year round, it is
the scene of numerous cultural events, including exhibitions,
shows and concerts. Nearby is the iconic Brighton Palace Pier,

0 to boast sth | etw. aufweisen
können
resort rɪˈzɔːt | Urlaubsort,
Erholungsort
despite sth | trotz etw.
changeable | wechselhaft
hordes of | eine Schar von
1 predictably prɪˈdɪktəbli | wie
vorherzusehen war
majority | Mehrheit
supposedly | angeblich,
vermeintlich
domestic | inländisch,
einheimisch
to spring to mind | in den Sinn
kommen
Lancashire | Lancashire (Graf-
schaft im Nordwesten Englands)
double-decker tram
| Doppeldecker-Straßenbahn
world-renowned | weltberühmt
dazzling | grell, umwerfend
2 moreover | außerdem, zudem
venue | Veranstaltungsort
with its arcade games and fun fairs.
The town is also home to Britain’s largest marina, as well
as its oldest aquarium, the Victorian Aquarium. This is where
visitors can see sharks or giant turtles swimming below them
landmark | Wahrzeichen exhibition ɛksɪˈbɪʃ(ə)n
decidedly | ausgesprochen, | Ausstellung
eindeutig nearby | nah, in der
reminiscent of sth/sb | an etw. Nähe
erinnernd fun fair | Jahrmarkt,
dome | Kuppel Rummelplatz
scene siːn | Ort, Bühne turtle | Schildkröte

1 2

35
 in the glass bottomed boat or above them in the underwater
tunnel.
Visitors looking for a smaller, perhaps less commercial
alternative to Brighton can travel eastwards along the Sussex
Coast to Eastbourne or historic Hastings, with its charming old
town and pier. During the Battle of Hastings in 1066, William
the Conqueror defeated the Saxon King Harold and began a long
period of Norman French domination over Britain, particularly
southern England.

Bournemouth

beaches. At the Isle of Wight Zoo, just outside Sandown, visitors

can see lions, tigers, lemurs, meerkats, snakes and many more
exotic species – in the flesh. In early August, yacht owners and
sailing enthusiasts flock to the town of Cowes in the north of
the Island for Cowes Week, one of the world’s longest running
international regattas.

Heading westwards along the south coast, we come to the Great Yarmouth
equally popular seaside town of Bournemouth in the county of
Dorset. Its 12 km beach has been voted the UK’s best for two
years in succession. Apart from the attractions available on its
pier and its Conference Centre, it also has a trio of Grade II listed
Victorian Gardens. These go from the Lower Garden near the
Travel

seaside, to the Central Gardens, to the Upper Gardens, which

stretch into the neighbouring coastal town of Poole.
Art lovers will warm to the incomparable Russell Coates
Art Gallery & Museum, which was the home of two Victorian
travellers and art collectors, Sir Merton and Lady Annie Russell-
Coates. Visitors can admire artefacts collected by the famous
couple on their travels.

The Isle of Wight

Across the Solent, a strait of the English Channel, is another
popular seaside holiday kingdom: The Isle of Wight. This
picturesque island’s seaside resorts of Sandown and Shanklin On the other side of the country in East Anglia is Great
are among the sunniest spots in the UK, with their long sandy Yarmouth, in the county of Norfolk. This town is one of the
most famous seaside resorts in England, with all the amenities
3 glass bottomed | mit einem incomparable ɪnˈkɒmp(ə)rəb(ə)l to match. It boasts an extensive sandy beach and of course a pier,
Glasboden | unvergleichbar, unvergleichlich but it also makes an excellent base for exploring the Norfolk
charming | bezaubernd, charmant to admire | bewundern Broads, a national park with more than 200 km of navigable
pier pɪə | Pier, Kai artefact | Gegenstand, Artefakt, waterways. This is one of the most attractive areas of natural
to defeat | besiegen Kunstwerk beauty in the country.
period | Zeitraum isle aɪl | Insel
FOT. R44FLYER, JOHN LOACH

apart from sth | abgesehen strait | Meerenge 4 meerkat ˈmɪəkat | Erdmännchen amenities | Annehmlichkeiten,
von etw. picturesque | malerisch, yacht jɒt | Jacht Vorzüge
to stretch into sth | sich zu etw. pittoresk to flock to X | in Scharen nach X waterway | 
ziehen spot | Fleck, Punkt, Ort kommen Wasserstraße

36
ENGLISH MATTERS 1|2020

Skegness

To the north west of Norfolk is the county of Lincolnshire,

home to another one of the UK’s best-known seaside resorts,
Skegness. This town is famous for its pier, which is described
by the town website as entertainment at its best. A wide range
of activities, from ten pin bowling to Laserquest, make it a great
choice for a family outing. There is also Batemans Brewery, one
of the oldest family breweries in the UK, founded two centuries beach, or its two main attractions, Kinnard Head Castle and the
ago. In Ingoldmells, just outside Skegness, is Fantasy Island, the Museum of Scottish Lighthouses. It also serves as a base for
UK’s first themed indoor family resort and amusement park. visiting pretty coastal villages like Portsoy, with its seventeenth
century harbour, waterside pub and boating festival.

Scarborough
So Many Options
The UK has so many exciting seaside resorts and pretty
seaside towns that the prospective visitor is spoilt for choice.

Travel
In any case, any visit to a British coastal town is sure to be
a memorable experience.  n

Fact File
Some coastal towns have affectionate nicknames.
The seaside resort of Bridlington in East Yorkshire is
The most popular resort in the northern county of Yorkshire known as the Brid, Fraserburgh is called the Broch,
is Scarborough, where tourists have been flocking for the past while Peterhead, also in Aberdeenshire, is nicknamed
400 years. Apart from its traditional-style seaside attractions, the Blue Town.
including shellfish stands and amusement arcades, it offers many
other interesting sights. There’s Scarborough Castle, which affectionate | liebevoll, herzlich
has seen two and a half centuries of turbulent history, and the nickname | Spitzname
Rotunda Museum of Geology, which houses a unique Bronze
Age man and the skeleton of a plesiosaur, no less.
5 famous for | berühmt für devoid of sth | frei von etw.
Moray Coast ten pin bowling | Kegeln bustling | lebhaft, geschäftig,
outing | Ausflug emsig
Is Scotland devoid of attractive seaside locations? Certainly brewery ˈbrʊəri | Brauerei unspoilt | unberührt
not, though it is not known for bustling resorts like Blackpool. amusement park | Freizeitpark, 6 harbour | Hafen
Instead, it is the place to go for more relaxing holidays. One Vergnügungspark prospective | zukünftig,
option is the Moray Coast in the North East, stretching from sight sʌɪts | Sehenswürdigkeit angehend, künftig
the Moray River Estuary to Fraserburgh Town, a fishing port in turbulent | turbulent, coastal | Küsten-
the county of Aberdeenshire. You can see the town’s unspoilt unruhig

5 6

37
 Exhilarating
Eminem
If you really want to immerse yourself
in colloquial English, rap music
is where you ought to go. A quick
analysis of one of Eminem’s
songs, Walk on Water, will
unearth a world of handy idioms,
vocabulary words, grammar
structures, and far more.
Look and listen for yourself.
HOTTER THAN HELL

1. I walk on water 2. ain’t = a contraction for “am not,” Useful circus terms
2. But I ain’t no Jesus “is not,” or “are not” Balancing act: an action that requires
3. I walk on water I ain’t a quitter. balance between different situations
4. But only when it freezes (fuck) We ain’t going to bed yet. The politician’s speech was a delicate
5. Why are expectations so high? Grammar sticklers tend to avoid balancing act that satisfied the left and
Leisure SONG

6. Is it the bar I set? “ain’t,” but it is common in spoken the right.

7. My arms, I stretch, but I can’t reach English. It is frequently used in dou- Grandstand (v): to seek favourable
8. A far cry from it, or it’s in my grasp, ble negatives. Again, while this isn’t attention from spectators
but as kosher according to grammar tradi- Instead of giving us real answers, our
9. Soon as I grab, squeeze tionalists, it remains common in eve- boss was just grandstanding to make
10. I lose my grip like the flying trapeze ryday speech. us happy.
11. Into the dark, I plummet I ain’t no genius. = I am not a genius.
12. Now the sky’s blackening, I know She ain’t no rich girl. = She isn’t a rich exhilarating ɪɡˈzɪləˌreɪtɪŋ | anregend,
the mark’s high girl. erheiternd
13. Butterflies rip apart my stomach to immerse oneself in sth | sich in etw.
14. Knowing that no matter what bars 9. grab (v) = to suddenly and forcefully vertiefen
I come with take hold of something with your hand handy | praktisch, nützlich
15. You’re gonna hark, gripe, and that’s Synonyms: quitter | Schlappschwanz, Versager
a hard Vicodin to swallow – snatch: I snatched my glasses as they stickler | Verfechter
16. So I scrap these, as pressure fell off my head. according to sb | laut jdm.
increases, like khakis – grasp: He grasped his cup so he to grab sth | etw. greifen, packen
The lyrics are the property of the author

17. I feel the ice cracking, because wouldn’t drop it. to snatch sth | etw. an sich reißen, etw.
for educational purposes for persons

18. I walk on water – clutch: She clutched her purse when greifen
and have been published here only

19. But I ain’t no Jesus she stepped onto the bus. to clutch sth tə klʌtʃ ˈsʌmθɪŋ | etw. greifen/
20. I walk on water – clasp: He clasped my arm out of fear. an sich krallen
21. But only when it freezes – grip: I could see the driver was angry. rope | Seil
22. It’s the curse of the standard He was gripping the steering wheel. swing | Schaukel
studying English.

23. That the first of the Mathers disc set to grandstand | Effekthascherei betreiben,
24. Always in search of the verse that 10. flying trapeze = a horizontal bar sich aufspielen
I haven’t spit yet that hangs down by two ropes and is favourable ˈfeɪv(ə)rəb(ə)l | günstig,
25. Will this step just be another misstep used as a swing by circus acrobats vorteilhaft, gefällig

38
ENGLISH MATTERS 1|2020
26. To tarnish whatever the legacy,
love or respect, I’ve garnered?
27. The rhyme has to be perfect, the
delivery flawless
28. And it always feels like I’m hit-
ting the mark
29. ‘Til I go sit in the car, listen, and
pick it apart
30. Like, “this shit is garbage”
31. God’s given me all this
32. Still I feel no different regard-
less
33. Kids look to me like as a God,
this is retarded
34. If only they knew, it’s a facade
and it’s exhaustive
35. And I try to not listen to non-
sense
36. But if you bitches are trying to
strip me of my confidence
37. Mission accomplished
38. I’m not God-sent
39. Nas, Rakim, Pac, Big, James Todd
Smith, and I’m not Prince, so
40. I walk on water
41. But I ain’t no Jesus
42. I walk on water (It’s true, I’m
a Rubik’s, it’s true)
43. But only when it freezes (It’s
true)
44. ‘Cause I’m only human, just
like you
45. Making my mistakes, oh if you
only knew
46. I don’t think you should believe
in me the way you do
47. ‘Cause I’m terrified to let you
down, oh
48. It’s true, I’m a Rubik’s, a beauti-
ful mess
49. At times juvenile, yes, I goof
and I jest
50. A flawed human, I guess
51. But I’m doing my best to not
ruin your expectations
52. And meet ‘em, but first, the
“Speedom” verse
53. Now, Big Sean, he’s going too
fast
54. Is he gonna shout or curse out
his mom?
55. There was a time I had the
world by the balls, eating out
my palm
56. Every album, song I was spaz-
zin’ the fuck out on
57. And now I’m getting clowned
and frowned on
58. But the only one who’s looking
down on me that matters now’s
Deshaun
59. Am I lucky to be around this
long?
56. spaz out = to get irrationally angry
Juggle: to manage to balance several
activities at once
I’ve always admired single mothers who
can juggle several tasks at one time.
Vanishing act: when someone disap-
pears from public view
The actress performed an effective
vanishing act and disappeared as soon
as the scandal broke out.
13. butterflies in one’s stomach =
having feelings of anxiety in one’s
stomach before or during stressful
situations
I always get butterflies in my stomach
when I try talking to girls.
15. Vicodin = a powerful prescription
painkiller that can be addictive
a bitter pill to swallow = an unpleasant
truth that must be accepted
The customer’s complaints were a bit-
ter pill to swallow.
24. spit (v)= to perform rap music
Alternative definitions:
– eject saliva from one’s mouth: He
spat in his hand to clean the dirt off of
his son’s face.
– eject food from one’s mouth: The
baby spat out the vegetable purée.
– say something aggressively:
Onlookers were spitting abusive lan-
guage at the police.
– make a short popping sound: The
fire spat and crackled all night long.
25. misstep = a mistake
The prefix mis – is used to say some-
thing was done incorrectly.
I misunderstood the instructions.
I misled my students.
Other negative prefixes include un-,
in-, il-, ir-, and de-.
55. eat out the palm of one’s hand =
get people to do whatever you want
because they admire you so much
Other palm idioms:
– grease someone’s palm: bribe some-
one discreetly
– an itchy palm: describes a worker
eagerly looking for a tip
– have somebody in the palm of your
hand: have a person in your direct
control or influence
Synonymous phrasal verbs:
flip out: My mom flips out if I get home
too late.
freak out: If he lies to me again, I’m
going to freak out.
to juggle | jonglieren
to vanish | verschwinden
to break out | ausbrechen
stomach ˈstʌmək | Magen, Bauch
anxiety | Angst, Unruhe, Sorge
painkiller | Schmerzmittel
addictive | suchterzeugend
to swallow tə ˈswɒləʊ | (hinunter)
schlucken
complaint | Beschwerde, Klage
saliva səˈlaɪvə | Speichel, Spucke
misstep | Fehltritt
palm | Handfläche
to grease | schmieren
to bribe sb | jdn. bestechen,
schmieren
eagerly | erwartungsvoll, ungeduldig
to spaz out | abdrehen, durchdrehen
to freak out | ausrasten, durchdrehen
Leisure SONG
More than Jesus
Other biblical figures used as
metaphors:
Judas: a traitor
Delilah: a treacherous woman
Thomas: a skeptical person
who refuses to believe some-
thing without proof
Cain: a murderer, especially of
their brother
Jezebel: a woman who uses
deception to get what she wants
traitor | Verräter
treacherous ˈtretʃərəs | verräterisch,
heimtückisch
deception | Betrug, Täuschung
39

60. Begs the question, though
61. Especially after the methadone
62. As yesterday fades and the
Dresden home is burnt to the
ground
63. And all that’s left of my house
is lawn
64. The crowds are gone
65. And it’s time to wash out the
blonde
66. Sales decline, the curtains
drawn
67. They’re closing the set, I’m
still poking my head out from
behind
68. And everyone who has doubt,
remind
69. Now take your best rhyme,
outdo it, now do it a thousand
times
70. Now let ‘em tell ya the world no
longer cares
71. Or gives a fuck about your
rhymes
72. And as I grow outta sight, outta
mind, I might go outta mine
73. ‘Cause how do I, ever let this
mic go without a fight
74. When I made a fuckin’ tight-
rope outta twine?
75. But when I do fall from these
Leisure SONG
heights, though, I’ll be fine
76. I won’t pout or cry or spiral
down or whine
77. But I’ll decide if it’s my final
bow this time around ‘cause
78. I walk on water
79. But I ain’t no Jesus
80. I walk on water
81. But only when it freezes
82. ‘Cause I’m only human, just
like you
83. I been making my mistakes, oh
if you only knew
84. I don’t think you should believe
in me the way that you do
85. ‘Cause I’m terrified to let you
down, oh
86. If I walked on water, I would
drown
87. ‘Cause I’m just a man, but as
long as I got a mic I’m godlike
88. So me and you are not alike
89. Bitch, I wrote “Stan”
40
wig out: My sister wigs out if I take any
of her things.
crack up: Don’t talk to me. I think I’m Word Formation
about to crack up.
Verb Adjective
69. outdo = to be superior in an activity Freeze Frozen
The prefix out – is used before verbs Burn Burnt
to signify that something is being done Draw Drawn
more or better than something else.
Examples include: Pout Pouty
– She has outgrown her brother. Whine Whiny
– The country’s soldiers were vastly
outnumbered. to pout | schmollen
– He outlasted all of his competitors. to whine | jammern, jaulen,
wimmern
72. out of sight, out of mind = a proverb
that states people forget about things
if they aren’t visible or present
Other useful proverbs:
– Actions speak louder than words What Do People
– All’s fair in love and war Do to Their Idols?
– An apple a day keeps the doctor away
– A picture is worth a thousand words • Idolise
• Lionise
85. let someone down = disappoint • Venerate
someone • Revere
Other phrasal verbs showing failure: • Deify
wash up: The once talented actor is now • Adulate
completely washed up. • Adore
fizzle out: Once she made her comments, • Dote upon
the party quickly fizzled out.
mess up: I really messed up this time. to lionise sb | jdn.
fall short: They fell short of my expecta- vergöttern, für jdn.
tions. schwärmen
to venerate sb | jdn. achten,
to wig out | ausflippen verehren
to outdo | überbieten, übertreffen to revere sb | jdm.
superior sʊˈpɪəriə(r) | überlegen, huldigen
besser to deify sb | jdn. vergöttern
to outnumber | in der Überzahl sein to adulate sb | jdm.
to outlast | überdauern, überleben schmeicheln
out of sight, out of mind | aus den to dote upon sb | in jdn.
Augen, aus dem Sinn vernarrt sein
proverb | Sprichwort
Actions speak louder than words | 
Taten sagen/zählen mehr als Worte
All’s fair in love and war | in der Liebe
und im Krieg ist jedes Mittel erlaubt Rap on the Big
to let someone down | jdn. im Stich lassen, Screen
enttäuschen
to fizzle out | im Sande verlaufen, • 8 Mile
totlaufen • Tupac: Resurrection
to fall short of sth | etw. verfehlen, • Get Rich or Die Tryin’
hinter etw. zurückbleiben • Sample This
• Notorious
• Straight Outta Compton
ENGLISH MATTERS 1|2020
Fifty Fine Acronyms
One linguistic tool used every day is acronyms – names or words
consisting of abbreviations of the initial letters or syllables of a phrase.
T
he top 50 acronyms include
short forms used for popu-
lar film genres. Rom-coms
(romantic comedies) make
you LOL (Laugh out loud) and sci-fi (sci-
ence fiction) incorporates many hi-tech
SFX (Special Effects).
Some countries and organisations also
use acronyms, e.g. the USA, EU, UN
(United Nations), UK or GB and NATO.
The leaders of the G8 or G20 nations are
VIPs who meet to discuss global issues
like CO2 emissions. People remember the
USSR, AKA (Also Known As) the Soviet
Union. Humanitarian organisations like
UNESCO also use acronyms, as do the
world’s best known broadcasters, the BBC
and CNN. New York and Los Angeles
are often called NY – with JFK airport
– and LA. The first syllables of Belgium,
Netherlands and Luxembourg – make up
the term Benelux.
Experts on finance refer to the FTSE
– the Financial Times Stock Exchange in
London. Before withdrawing money from
an ATM (Automated Teller Machine)
you must enter your PIN. Debtors may
write IOU (I owe you) letters to their
creditors. MI5 (Military Intelligence
Section 5) is the British Security Service;
in America they have the CIA (Central
Intelligence Agency).
Another common type of acronym
denotes inventions. Few people know
that laser and scuba are acronyms. The
former means light amplification by stim-
ulated emission of radiation, while the lat-
ter stands for a self-contained underwater
breathing apparatus. The word radar
is a contraction of radio detection and
ranging, whilst AIDS and HIV are the
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
and Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
Computer buffs use acronyms like
CD-ROM (Compact Disc – Read Only
Memory), FAQ (Frequently Asked
Questions), JPEG (Joint Photographic
Experts Group), OEM (Original
Equipment Manufacturer) and hi-res
(high resolution). And many acronyms
appear in emails and texts, including resolution | Auflösung
ASAP, FYI, PS, PTO (please turn over) to turn over | umdrehen
and CU. GMO = genetically modified organism
Finally, you may be invited to a BBQ | genetisch veränderter Organismus
– but sometimes you must BYOB (Bring
Your Own Beer) and hope the food is not
GMO. Yes, acronyms really are used 24/7.
linguistic | linguistisch
consisting of sth | aus etw. bestehend
abbreviation əˌbriːviˈeɪʃn | Abkürzung
to include sth | etw. enthalten, beinhalten
genre ˈʒɒ̃rə / ˈʒɒnrə | Genre
to incorporate sth | etw. umfassen,
enthalten
issue | Thema, Angelegenheit
broadcaster | Sender
to make up sth | etw. ausmachen, bilden
Language
to refer to sth | sich auf etw.
berufen/beziehen
stock exchange | Aktienbörse
to withdraw money from sth | Geld
abheben von etw.
automated teller machine | Geldautomat
(automatischer Geldschalter)
to enter sth | etw. eingeben
debtor ˈdetə(r) | Schuldner
to owe sb sth | jdm. etw. schulden
to denote sth | etw. bedeuten, bezeichnen
invention | Erfindung
few | wenig(e)
scuba | Tauchgerät, Sporttauchen
the former | erstere(r,s) Exercise:
to mean sth | etw. bedeuten, meinen
amplification | Verstärkung What do the following acronyms
the latter | letztere(r,s) stand for?
to stand for sth | für etw. stehen, etw.
bedeuten 1. UK 6. BBC
self-contained breathing apparatus 2. NATO 7. CNN
| Pressluftatmer 3. USSR 8. ASAP
underwater | Unterwasser- 4. PIN 9. FYI
contraction | Verkürzung, Schmelzwort 5. JFK 10. CU
detection | Ortung, Entdeckung 10. See you
ranging | sich erstreckend
9. For your information
8. As soon as possible
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome 7. Cable News Network
| erworbenes Immunitätsmangelsyndrom,
6. British Broadcasting Corporation
5. John F. Kennedy
Immundefektsyndrom 4. Personal Identification Number
Human Immunodeficiency Virus | Humaner
3. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
2. North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
Immundefizienzvirus 1. United Kingdom
computer buff | Computerfreak
Key:
41
 ENGLISH MATTERS 79|2019

Rack Your Brain

Fill in the gaps with the missing
words/prepositions
•W  hat do you ........ for a living?
• Can you pick me ........ from the airport?
• What have you been ........ to lately?
• I’m keen ........ going to the cinema.
• Tom feels ........ the weather.
• Dancing is not my ........ of tea.
• You need to ........ an appointment. Choose the correct answer
• I’m fond ........ reading.
• I’m fed up ........ this situation. A. Carbonated water with bubbles is called:
• He could hardly ........ his eyes open. a. still water
appointment | Termin, Verabredung, b. sparkling water
Answer key:
do/up/up/on/under/cup/make/of/with/keep
Treffen c. shaken water
B. Draft beer aka ‘on tap’ is beer that is poured from:
a. a barrel into a glass
b. a bottle into a glass
Match the halves c. a can into a glass
C. An alcohol free version of a cocktail is called:
fossil dioxide a. ‘maiden’ version of your cocktail
greenhouse change b. ‘virgin’ version of your cocktail
carbon species c. ‘innocent’ version of your cocktail
renewable gas D. Mashed potatoes are:
nuclear friendly a. sliced potatoes served with fish
climate fuels b. potatoes mixed with peas
penny fumes c. crushed potatoes with quite smooth texture
environmentally- energy E. Another word for a sausage is:
exhaust power a. a banger
endangered pincher b. a rarebit
Leisure

c. a bat
F. Energy sources that don’t produce carbon dioxide, like solar,
renewable rɪˈnjuːəbl | erneuerbar wind and hydro power are called:
environmentally ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəli a. anti-carbon fuels
| ökologisch b. minus-carbon fuels
exhaust ɪɡˈzɔːst | Auspuff, Abgase c. zero-carbon fuels
dioxide daɪˈɒksaɪd | Dioxid G. ‘To grease someone’s palm’ means:
fuel ˈfjuːəl | Kraftstoff, Treibstoff a. to bribe someone discreetly
b. to shake hands with someone
c. to mend something
H. ‘That’s a rip-off’means:
Answer key: friendly/exhaust fumes a. It’s broken.
b. It’s too expensive.
nuclear power/climate change/penny pincher/environmentally-
fossil fuels/greenhouse gas/carbon dioxide/renewable energy/
c. It’s too small.

aka = also known as | alias, auch bekannt als

poured | eingeschenkt, eingegossen
virgin ˈvɜːdʒɪn | jungfräulich, alkoholfrei
innocent ˈɪnəsnt | unschuldig

Answer key:
Answer key: A. b B. a C. b D. c E. a F. c G. a H. b
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