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 CHINESE DRAMAS Go Go Squid!

In English Matters 89, you had the opportunity

This and That

to read about the most popular K-dramas, so

now it’s high time we travelled to China, to see
what this country has to offer in terms of series.

opportunity |Gelegenheit
in terms of sth |in Bezug auf etw.
Meteor Garden (2018)
A series based on a well-known Japanese
manga, Boys Over Flowers. Its main
characters are two students of Ming De
University in Shanghai, Dong Shancai
and Daoming Si. Si is a rich heir who is
in charge of the so called F4 team (a group
of the four most popular and intelligent
students) whereas Shancai is a fresher
whose family can barely make ends meet.
Due to some coincidences and the char-
acters’ hot tempers, the two end up in
conflict with each other. To begin with,
Shancai is bullied by Daoming Si. As
time passes, though, he grows enormously
fond of her. The series is full of dramatic
turns of events such as, for example, Si’s
mother being against his relationship with
Shancai, Si’s escape to London, Shancai’s
family financial troubles, Shancai’s inter-
est in another member of the F4 team,
Huaze Lei. This Chinese series is only one
of many film adaptations of the manga.
Japanese ˌdʒæpəˈniːz |japanisch
heir eə(r) / er |Erbe
to be in charge of sth |etw. leiten, für etw.
verantwortlich sein
whereas |wohingegen
fresher |Ersti (Student/in im ersten
Studiensemester)
barely |kaum
to make ends meet |über die Runden kommen
due to sth |wegen/aufgrund von etw.
coincidence kəʊˈɪnsɪdəns |Zufall
temper |Temperament
bullied ˈbʊlid |gemobbt, schikaniert
though |allerdings, aber
to grow fond of sb |jdn. liebgewinnen
Go Go Squid! is based on the novel Stewed
Squid With Honey. The series is a real treat
for fans of computer games. It tells the
story of a student and an online singer,
Tong Nian, and a top pro gamer, Han
Shangyan. They meet for the first time
in an internet café. As Han’s whole world
revolves around gaming competitions and
the team he is in charge of, Tong needs to
show a lot of persistence in drawing his
attention to her and arousing his interest.
The series is full of funny coincidences
and hilarious turns of events.
squid |Tintenfisch
stewed |gedünstet, geschmort
treat |Leckerbissen
pro gamer |Profi-Spieler
to revolve around sth |sich um etw. drehen
persistence |Ausdauer, Hartnäckigkeit
to draw sb’s attention |jds. Aufmerksamkeit
erregen
to arouse sb’s interest |jds. Interesse
wecken
hilarious hɪˈleəriəs / hɪˈleriəs |urkomisch,
extrem lustig

Didn’t need to do sth Chester

Didn’t need to do sth is used to talk about the past activi- Zoo
ties that you could have done, but you decided not to, for
Chester Zoo lu­
instance I didn’t need to go to the board meeting (and I
res its visitors
didn’t). Although I could have gone to the meeting, it was
with more than
not necessary for me to do that so I stayed at home.
20,000 ani-
mals. It is situ-
Needn’t have done sth ated in Cheshire
in England and is one of the largest zoos in the UK. The
Needn’t have done sth is use d to talk past activities that zoo is famous for its rare and endangered species (such as
were unnecessary, but you did them anyway, for example the golden mantella frog) and vast zoological gardens. In
I needn’t have cooked so much food (but I did). I cooked the gardens, you’ll see, among other things, cacti, orchids
a lot of food although it wasn’t necessary for me to do so. as well as grasses from all over the world.
Some food went to waste.
endangered ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd / ɪnˈdeɪndʒərd |vom Aussterben bedroht
although |obwohl
vast |riesig
unnecessary |unnötig
orchid ˈɔːkɪd / ˈɔːrkɪd |Orchidee
to go to waste |verderben

4
ENGLISH MATTERS 4|2022

Put Your Head on My I Hear You The Fox’s Summer

Shoulder

This and That

The main characters of this adorable
story are the girl Si Tu Mo and the boy
Gu Wei Yi. She is a vivacious and frag-
ile student who is to graduate soon, and
dreams of working for an advertising
agency, whereas he is a brilliant physics
student. By accident, they end up living
together as roommates. He likes order, she
is messy. He is level-headed, her reactions
are deeply emotional. Will they be able to
live under the same roof? See for yourself.
vivacious vɪˈveɪʃəs |lebhaft, munter
fragile |zerbrechlich, schwach
to graduate |abschließen (Studium)
advertising agency |Werbeagentur
by accident |zufällig
roommate |Mitbewohner
order |Ordnung
messy |unordentlich
level-headed |ausgeglichen, besonnen
What happens when two people who are
not really fond of each other are cast in
a reality show about love and dating? To
begin with, the reserved and conceited
violin maker and a tiny aspiring voice
artist can’t stand each other, let alone like
one another. But their story is about to
prove that love will always find its way.
conceited kənˈsiːtɪd |eingebildet, arrogant
aspiring |ehrgeizig, aufstrebend
voice artist |Stimmkünstler, Sprechkünstler
they can’t stand each other |sie können sich
nicht ausstehen
let alone |ganz zu schweigen von
to prove sth |etw. beweisen
The story of Li Yan Shu, a young, but
broke fashion designer who is suddenly
employed by Gu Cheng Ze – a CEO of
a big fashion corporation. The girl is
supposed to be the bait, luring Gu Jin
Yu (the biological grandson of the owner
of the company) to come back to work
there, as she is his ex-girlfriend towards
whom he still has some romantic feel-
ings. Suddenly, she ends up living with
Cheng Ze as his roommate, and the plot
thickens.
employed |angestellt, eingestellt
bait |Köder
to lure sb tə lʊə(r) / lʊr ˈsʌmbədi |jdn. locken,
ködern
owner |Besitzer
plot |Handlung
to thicken |sich verdichten

Blackpool Tower Blenheim

Blackpool Tower, found in
Lancashire, England, has been
a tourist attraction since 1894
when it used to be the tallest
structure in Great Britain. It over-
looks Blackpool beach and was
designed to resemble the Eiffel
Tower. The attractions available
to tourists include: The Blackpool
Tower Dungeon, the Circus, the
Ballroom and the Tower Eye with an amazing view.
to overlook sth |etw.
überblicken
to resemble sth |etw. ähneln
available |zugänglich
to include sth |etw. beinhalten
Palace
Blenheim Palace
(Oxfordshire, En­g­
land) was the birth
place of Win­
ston Churchill. It
is a perfect exam-
ple of Baroque architecture, with a lot of antique furniture
inside, and has been a UNESCO Heritage Site since 1987.
The palace, with its outstanding park and gardens, are open
to visitors.
dungeon ˈdʌndʒən |Kerker,
birth place |Geburtsort
Verlies
furniture |Möbel
view |Aussicht
UNESCO Heritage Site |UNESCO Welterbestätte, Kulturerbe
outstanding |hervorragend

5
 – Pete /piːt/, stop /stɒp/
pushing /ˈpʊʃɪŋ/! It says ‘pull’
/pʊl/ right there.
– Oh, I was positive /ˈpɒzətɪv/
it said ‘push’. Why can’t revol-
ving doors just become the
norm?

revolving door |Drehtür

– Your control of what’s

apple /ˈæpl/ happening /ˈhæpnɪŋ/ on the
pitch /pɪʧ/ is amazing! How do
Apfel you do that?
– What can I say, reporter
discipline /ˈdɪsɪplɪn/ /rɪˈpɔːtə/… Practice /ˈpræktɪs/
Disziplin makes perfect /ˈpɜːfɪkt/.

problem /ˈprɒbləm/
Problem pitch |Spielfeld
practice makes perfect |Übung macht den Meister

pie /paɪ/
Kuchen
gap /gæp/
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Lücke
jeep /ʤiːp/
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Jeep ZUGANGSCODE
mvu

people /ˈpiːpl/
ODER HÖR ES
DIR AN AUF

Leute, Menschen
english-matters-magazin.de

6
ENGLISH MATTERS 4|2022
/p/
The /p/ sound is a voiceless plosive conso-
nant. This means that it’s not made with
your vocal cords and it belongs to the
group of sounds that are made by block-
ing the air from exiting your mouth. In
the case of /p/, the airflow is blocked by
your lips – both the upper and lower lip.
The /p/ consonant is not picky about its
placement in words. It can appear just
about anywhere in the word. In words
such as pickaxe /ˈpɪkæks/ or pickle /ˈpɪkl/,
it can be heard (and seen, as the sound /p/
is always represented by the letter p) at the
by Kamil Drożdżyk
beginning. Sometimes, it’s in the middle,
as in dripping /ˈdrɪpɪŋ/ or space /speɪs/ and
many words also end with the /p/ sound, Sound & Speech
just like grip /grɪp/ or strap /stræp/.
How do you make the /p/ sound? It’s
quite simple, especially because it sounds airflow |Luftstrom
fairly similar in a handful of languages. upper |obere
All it takes to make the sound is to bring lower |untere
your lips together (no particular shape is picky |wählerisch, pingelig
required, your neutral mouth position to appear |auftreten, auftauchen
will suffice), close them to stop the air pickaxe |Spitzhacke
from coming out and then release the air. pickle |Essiggurke, Salzlake
If it sounds too similar to the /b/ sound, in the middle of sth |in der Mitte von etw.
engage your upper lip more and let even dripping |tropfend
more air out of your mouth. There you grip |Griff
go!  strap |Riemen, Band
handful of sth |eine Hand voll (von) etw.
voiceless |stimmlos required |erforderlich
plosive |Plosiv, Verschlusslaut to suffice tə səˈfaɪs |genügen
consonant |Konsonant to release sth |etw. loslassen, freilassen
vocal cords |Stimmbänder There you go! |Bitte schön!, Na, da haben
in the case of X |im Fall von X wir es doch!
7
 Lily in Paris
People and Lifestyle

The daughter of British rock star Phil Collins and

American actress Jill Tavelman, 32 year old Lily
Collins is a child of show business. Despite having
influential parents, she has been determined to
make it to the top under her own steam. Let’s take
a short walk along the path she has forged.

B
orn in the UK, Lily
spent her early child-
hood living in the
bucolic English
countryside. At the age of
seven, following her parents’
divorce, she moved to Los
Angeles. She studied journal-
ism at the University of South-
ern California, but dropped
out to pursue acting and mod-
elling. Despite her American
upbringing, with her penchant
for the Royal Family, Merry
Berry’s cooking and Marmite
on toast, she claims to be a Brit
t hrough and t hrough.
Romance-wise, after a few
short flings with her fellow
actors, in 2021 she finally tied
the knot with writer and direc-
tor Charlie McDowell.
Lily as a Writer
As a teenager Lily wrote
for several magazines, includ-
ing Elle Girl and Teen Vogue.
Although journalism gave
way to acting, she put a pen
to paper again, and in 2017
released her autobiography
entitled ‘Unfiltered: No Shame,
No Regrets, Just Me’. It served
as a platform to share her per-
sonal, intimate thoughts about
her complicated relationship
with her father and her eating
disorder, among others.
Lily as a Model
In parallel with her other
interests, busy bee Lily has been
pursuing a modelling career, too.
Bearing a striking resemblance
to Audrey Hepburn, she has
attracted attention from such
brands as Chanel, Givenchy
and Lancôme. She has recently
been chosen by Cartier as the
new face of the brand’s line of
jewellery and bags.
Lily as an Actress
Although she made
a screen debut at the age of
two, it wasn’t until 2009 that
she landed her first film role
in The Blind Side, playing San-
dra Bullock’s daughter. The
film was a breakthrough and
her acting career snowballed.
0 despite sth |trotz etw.
influential |einflussreich
to make it to the top |es an die
Spitze schaffen
under one’s own steam |aus
eigener Kraft
to forge sth |etw.
schmieden
1 childhood |Kindheit
bucolic bjuːˈkɒlɪk / bjuːˈkɑːlɪk |
ländlich, idyllisch
divorce |Scheidung
to move to X |nach X ziehen
journalism ˈdʒɜːnəlɪzəm /
ˈdʒɜːrnəlɪzəm |Journalismus
to drop out |etw. abbrechen
to pursue sth tə pəˈsjuː / pərˈsuː
ˈsʌmθɪŋ |etw. verfolgen
upbringing |Erziehung
penchant ˈpɒ̃ʃɒ̃ / ˈpentʃənt |
Neigung, Faible
Marmite |Hefe-Brotaufstrich
to claim |behaupten
through and through |durch
und durch
romance-wise |in
Liebesangelegenheiten
a few |einige
fling |Romanze, Affäre
fellow |Kollege
to tie the knot with sb |
den Bund der Ehe mit jdm.
schließen
including sth |einschließlich
jdm.
although |obwohl
to release sth |etw.
veröffentlichen
regret |Bedauern, Reue
eating disorder |
Essstörung
2 busy bee |fleißige Biene
bearing a striking resemblance
to sb |eine frappierende
Ähnlichkeit mit jdm. haben
to attract attention |
Aufmerksamkeit erregen
jewellery ˈdʒuːəlri |Schmuck
to land a film role |eine
Filmrolle ergattern
breakthrough |Durchbruch
to snowball |lawinenartig
anschwellen

1 2

8
ENGLISH MATTERS 4|2022
Since then, she has played
alongside such household
names as Julia Roberts in Mir-
ror Mirror! and Keanu Reeves
in To The Bone. The role of
a young Hollywood starlet in
Rules Don’t Apply won her
a nomination for a Golden
Globe Award.
Lily as Emily
Recently, we have been
able to follow Lily in the
second season of the Netflix
production Emily in Paris, in
which she plays the titular
role of an American market-
ing executive who takes up
a post in Paris. When first
aired, the show caused an
3 household name |vetrauter/
bekannter Name
to the bone |bis auf die
Knochen
starlet |Sternchen
to apply |anwenden,
Anwendung finden
executive |Manager, Leiter
to take up a post |eine Stelle
antreten
aired |ausgestrahlt
4 uproar |Aufruhr, Aufregung
due to sth |wegen/aufgrund
von etw.
depiction |Darstellung
excruciating ɪkˈskruːʃieɪtɪŋ |
Despite her American qualvoll, entsetzlich
upbringing, with her penchant
for the Royal Family, Merry
Berry’s cooking and Marmite
on toast, Lily claims to be a Brit
through and through.
Fact File
• Unlike Emily, who’s
undisguisedly reluctant to
learn the local lingo, Lily is
fluent in French.
DOWNLOAD
• Lily is bidialectical,
meaning she can easily
switch between British and
American accents.
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unlike sb |im Gegensatz zu
ZUGANGSCODE
jdm.
utg
ODER HÖR ES
undisguisedly |unverkleidet
DIR AN AUF reluctant rɪˈlʌktənt |
english-matters-magazin.de
widerwillig, widerstrebend
3 4
People and Lifestyle
uproar due to its stereotypical
depiction of the French life-
style. The Guardian called it
“an excruciating exorcism of
French clichés”. Despite that,
the first season of the show
was a crowd-puller, attract-
ing an audience of nearly 60
mln within the first month,
and earning its lead actress
yet another nomination for
a Golden Globe Award.
Life must feel good for
Lily Collins. She has risen to
fame as a model and actress,
proving to be an enterpris-
ing woman capable of leav-
ing a mark off the back of her
own talent and resolve. More
is certain to come from this
rising star, though, as nothing
succeeds like success. 
cliché ˈkliːʃeɪ |Klischee
crowd-puller |
Publikumsmagnet
nearly |beinahe
within X |innerhalb/in X
earning |verdienend,
einbringend
lead actress |Hauptdarstellerin
to rise to fame |zu Ruhm
aufsteigen
proving |beweisend
to leave a mark |Spuren
hinterlassen, prägen
to resolve |bestimmen,
beschließen
though |jedoch, allerdings
to succeed |Erfolg haben
lingo |Sprache, Kauderwelsch
fluent |fließend
to switch between X and Y |
zwischen X und Y wechseln
9
 What’s on the Radio?
Since the first music and entertainment radio broadcast in 1906, radio
has been a central part of society. Now, 88% of the UK population are
radio-listeners, so English Matters decided to take a look at the most
Culture
important shows and stations. Stay tuned…
U
ntil WWI, radio broadcasts
were of poor quality. In
the 1920s, though, quality
improved and radios started
becoming popular devices for home-use.
A few commercial broadcasts were made
in 1920 (including the transmission of
music), but it wasn’t until two years later
that the British Broadcasting Company
(BBC) gave its first broadcast and popu-
larity skyrocketed. By 1926, numerous
transmitters across the UK had been con-
nected, so the broadcasts from the BBC
(in London) could be received throughout
the country. Later that year, the BBC
was nationalised and became the British
Broadcasting Corporation. By 1939, there
were more than nine million radio-listen-
ers in the Britain. The backbone of broad-
casts was news, but there were also music
and other entertainment shows. All DJs
spoke with Received Pronunciation until
WWII – the post-war period saw more
and more regional accents being intro-
duced (a trend that continues to this day).
During the 1960s, pirate radio stations
(literally broadcast from ships to avoid
legal issues) gained popularity, especially
0 entertainment |Unterhaltung
stay tuned |Bleiben Sie dran!
1 WWI |1. Weltkrieg
quality ˈkwɒləti / ˈkwɑːləti |Qualität
though |allerdings, jedoch
to improve |(sich) verbessern
device |Gerät
a few |einige
commercial |kommerziell
including sth |einschließlich etw.
to skyrocket |in die Höhe
schnellen
numerous |zahlreich
backbone |Rückgrat
1 2
10
with younger generations. These stations
produced more lively shows than those
DOWNLOAD
on the BBC. It wasn’t until the 1970s that
the first independent commercial stations
were licensed in Britain and listeners had
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more options than BBC or private radio.
Since then, radio has increased in popular-
ity and adapted to every new technology ZUGANGSCODE
org
that’s become available – there are now
ODER HÖR ES
(at the time of writing) 53 digital radio DIR AN AUF
stations available in the UK and over english-matters-magazin.de
290 analogue services, including 40 from
the BBC.
The Best of the BBC
Stations
Like the BBC’s TV channels, the radio
stations were originally named in order,
with Radio 1 and Radio 2 being two of
the most popular stations on UK radio.
Here’s a rundown of the main, numbered
stations:
• BBC Radio 1 is aimed at 15-30 year olds,
playing modern music from a range of
genres including pop, rock, urban, dance
and electronica.
Received Pronunciation |britische
Standardaussprache
literally |buchstäblich
to avoid sth |etw. vermeiden
issue |Problem, Streitfall
to gain popularity |an Popularität
gewinnen
2 independent |unabhängig
available əˈveɪləbl |erhältlich,
zugänglich
originally |ursprünglich
rundown |kurzer Überblick
aimed at sb |an jdn. gerichtet, auf jdn.
abgezielt
ENGLISH MATTERS 4|2022
• BBC Radio 2 is aimed at 35-55 year
olds and has a wide variety of shows.
During the day it plays oldies, rhythmic
adult contemporary hits, and mainstream
soft rock. The night-time shows feature
specialist music genres, including jazz,
folk, blues, country, reggae, classic rock
and show tunes.
• BBC Radio 3 heavily features classical
music (up to 85% of the schedule is clas-
sical). It is trying to branch out, however,
with shows featuring jazz, opera, choral
and world music, plus talk shows, all now
included as part of the regular schedule.
• BBC Radio 4 is talk-radio (it has no
music). Anything and everything can
be discussed. It has some of the most
popular radio shows of all time.
• BBC Radio 5 Live is a news-based sta-
tion, but most people know it for its
sport. Around 35% of the broadcast is
commentary and coverage of live sports
(including football and cricket)
There are also a few other stations which
fall outside the numbered system, the most
significant of them is the BBC World
Service – it’s a station dedicated to world
news. One thing that’s significant about
BBC stations (and differentiates them from
commercial stations) is the lack of adverts.
The funding for the stations comes from TV
licensing and the government, so the stations
have no commercial aspect.
Commercial
Stations
Until the introduc-
tion of digital radio
(DAB), there were
only three commer-
cial radio stations
which were available
nationwide on FM – they
were Absolute Radio, Classic
FM and talkSPORT. There were also many
regional stations (such as Capital FM in
London). Now, many people listen on DAB,
and some stations have formed networks
allowing them to broadcast throughout the
country. Of all the commercial stations, the
most popular include Heart, Kiss, LBC,
Capital, Classic FM, and Smooth. This is
what they broadcast:
• Heart – popular music based shows
hosted by well-known celebrity DJs,
aimed at young families.
3 4
• Kiss – modern and current music pre-
sented by DJs who appeal to young,
urban audiences.
• LBC – talk radio (LBC stands for
Leading Britain’s Conversation) where
important current affairs are discussed
by journalistic DJs, leading public fig-
ures and the public (via phone calls).
• Capital – similar to Heart, but aimed at
young adults more than families.
• Classic FM – the most popular radio
Culture
station for classical music.
• Smooth – aimed at a slightly older audi-
ence than most other commercial radio
stations, Smooth includes calm music
as well as talking segments on subjects
ranging from current affairs to quizzes.
The Best of All Time
Over the years many shows have come
and gone from the airwaves, but some
have stood the test of time. The most
popular show in the UK has been a regu-
lar feature of Radio 4 since 1942! Called
Desert Island Discs, it’s a show where
a famous person names the eight records
(plus a book and a luxury item) they
would take with them to a desert island.
3 variety |Vielfalt
adult |erwachsen, Erwachsener
contemporary |zeitgenössisch
showtunes |Musicallieder
schedule ˈʃedjuːl / ˈskedʒuːl |Programm
to branch out |sich verzweigen, aufteilen
however |jedoch, allerdings
choral ˈkɔːrəl |Chor-
coverage |Berichterstattung
significant |bedeutend
to differentiate sth from sth |etw. von etw.
unterscheiden
lack of sth |Fehlen von etw.
advert |Werbung
government |Regierung
network |Netzwerk
hosted by sb |veranstaltet von jdm.
4 to appeal to sb |jdm. gefallen
urban |städtisch
current affairs |aktuelle Angelegenheiten/
Themen
via sth |via/per etw.
similar to sth |ähnlich wie etw.
slightly |geringfügig
to range from X to Y |von X zu/bis
Y reichen
island ˈaɪlənd |Insel
11

Desert vs Dessert
These two words are very similar and
often confused. As a noun, a ‘desert’ is
a dry place, while a ‘dessert’ is a sweet
course at the end of a meal. To help
tell the difference, remember that it’s
nice to have a big dessert so the word
has a double ‘s!’To confuse things fur-
ther, ‘desert’ is also a verb meaning to
Culture
Former guests on the show include David
Beckham, Morrissey, Tom Hanks, Yoko
Ono and Simon Cowell. Another Radio 4
classic (although completely different in
format) is The Archers. First aired in 1950,
it’s a radio soap opera which follows the
dramas surrounding a village farm. Two
shows which are no longer on the airwaves
but are worth mentioning as the best shows
of all time are, Round The Horne (1965-
68) and Hancock’s Half Hour (1954-59).
entertainment, and there are still high
listener numbers for certain shows. One
of the most popular shows today is Ken
Bruce on Radio 2. This mid-morning
show features the typical music of Radio
2, but is probably best known for the regu-
lar, daily quizshow. Named ‘Popmaster,’
this quiz pits two callers against each
other in a 10 question music-themed quiz.

abandon something/someone – when
used this way, it sounds the same as
the noun ‘dessert’ but luckily, this is
not a common word.
dessert dɪˈzɜːt / dɪˈzɜːrt |Nachtisch, Dessert
confused |verwechselt, durcheinander
to tell the difference |etw. unterscheiden
meaning |bedeutend, meinend
to abandon sb/sth |jdn./etw. verlassen
luckily |zum Glück
Records
The popular show Desert Island
Discs allows guests to take eight
records to a (theoretical) desert island.
Here, ‘records’ refers to the format of
recording and selling music that was
once the most popular and common.
A ‘record’ is a flat, circular piece
of vinyl with a groove in it, when
a needle slides across the groove, the
recorded song can be heard!
These were both comedy shows aired by
the BBC. Round the Horne launched some
popular comedians to TV fame, while
Hancock’s Half Hour was so popular that
it was developed into a TV show!
The Best of Today
There’s a lot more competition nowa-
days, with internet radio making shows
from around the world accessible for UK
listeners. There’s also competition from
streaming sites and podcasts. Despite
that, radio remains a staple of British
Tune In
The way most people listen to the radio
in the home has changed significantly –
smart speakers with WiFi connections
have replaced the traditional Wireless.
Despite that, the format of radio shows has
remained largely unchanged throughout
the whole history of radio! It’s a format
that obviously works, only now there’s
a greater way of broadcasting it. You can
listen to British radio online, or on a smart
speaker – why not check out what the
Brits are listening to from the comfort of
your own home? 

to allow sb to do sth |jdm. erlauben,

etw. zu tun
once |einmal
common |verbreitet
groove |Rille 5 former |früherer

needle |Nadel although |obwohl

to slide across sth |über etw. gleiten aired |ausgestrahlt
surrounding |umgebend
worth |wert
to launch sb to fame |jdm. zu Ruhm
verhelfen
competition |Konkurrenz
nowadays |heutzutage
6 to pit sb against sb |jdn. gegen jdn.

kämpfen lassen
significantly |erheblich
speaker |Lautsprecher
despite sth |trotz etw.
throughout sth |während etw.
obviously ˈɒbviəsli / ˈɑːbviəsli |offenbar,
offensichtlich

5 6

12
ENGLISH MATTERS 4|2022

Last Orders!
For countless people in villages, towns and
cities across the UK, the local pub is the
beating heart of the community, a vital social
When in Roman
Britain… Drink Wine
Perhaps, actually – whisper it quietly
– when discussing pubs, we should say
this great Italian institution, as it was in
fact the Romans who first introduced the
idea of selling alcohol in busy popula-
tion centres, during their conquest of the
British Isles between 43 AD and 410 AD.
Called tabernae, these small retail outlets

hub where births are toasted, marriages
celebrated and deaths commemorated.
English Matters invites you to prop yourself
up at the bar, grab your favourite tipple and
join us as we dive deeper into the history and
culture behind this great British institution.
Culture
sold wine to the conquering Roman legions,
as they traversed the country along the roads
they had been building as they’d gone. Many
of those roads – such as the Fosse Way or
Watling Street – still exist to this day, and
weary travellers can expect to find a count-
less selection of pubs in which to stop by for
light refreshment along the way.
The British Prefer Beer
– in Pints!
It wasn’t too long before Brits began
putting their own stamp on what would

0 last orders |letzte Bestellung vor Schließung

der Theke
countless |zahllos
village ˈvɪlɪdʒ |Dorf
community |Gemeinschaft
vital |wichtig, lebensnotwendig
hub |Zentrum, Mittelpunkt
birth |Geburt
to toast sth |auf etw. trinken
marriage |Heirat, Hochzeit
commemorated |gedacht
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to prop oneself up |sich aufstützen

to grab sth |etw. schnappen, greifen
tipple |alkoholisches Getränk, Trunk
DOWNLOAD QR CODE SCANNER:
COLORFULMEDIA.DE/SCANNER

to join sb |sich jdm. anschließen

to dive deeper into sth |tiefer in etw.
ZUGANGSCODE eintauchen
ao2
1 actually |eigentlich, wirklich, tatsächlich
ODER HÖR ES
DIR AN AUF to whisper |flüstern
english-matters-magazin.de quietly |leise
to introduce sth |etw. einführen
conquest ˈkɒŋkwest / ˈkɑːŋkwest |Eroberung
AD = Anno Domini |im Jahre des Herrn, nach
Christus
retail outlet |Einzelhandelsgeschäft
such as |wie beispielsweise
weary ˈwɪəri / ˈwɪri |erschöpft
to expect sth |etw. erwarten
to stop by |vorbeischauen
refreshment |Erfrischung
pint paɪnt |Pint (0,568l)

13
 go on to become the national pastime,
switching – even during Roman rule –
from drinking wine, perhaps a symbol
of foreign occupation, to the local drink
of beer or ale.
Even now pubs are not typically
known for the quality of their wines.
They are served, but if you’re looking for
a more refined experience you are better
placed looking for a restaurant or even
a wine bar, the latter of which increased
Culture
in popularity as UK citizens began trav-
elling more widely after entering the
European Union.
Pubs tend to offer a dizzying array of
different beers, from continental lagers or
white beers, to more traditional so-called
real ales, many of which are brewed based
on centuries-old processes and practices.
These beers are often richer and fuller-
bodied, with darker colours. Yet, in recent
years there has also been an increase
in the numbers of experimental ales
available, with fruitier flavour-profiles
or combinations with ingredients like
chocolate or chilli. These modern twists
can prove controversial with more tra-
ditional drinkers, who lament what they
perceive as the over-commodification of
a traditional craft.
Whichever beer is preferred, there
is one thing all British beer drinkers do
agree on: beers should be served in pints!
An imperial measurement, and not the
metric millilitres common elsewhere,
for timeless generations, British and Irish
patrons have been asking barmen for
“a pint” of their favourite sup. Bear that
in mind the next time you pay a visit to
a British ‘watering hole’.
Shapes and Sizes
It is also worth remembering that the
character and atmosphere of any given
pub is very much associated with the com-
munity it serves, as well as the specific
type of pub it is. There are many different
terms to be aware of when you consider
exactly which type of establishment you
are entering.
You might be in a ‘boozer’. You’ll
know this because there is a heavy stench
of alcohol (or booze), the bartop might
be sticky from spillages, there will be
traditional bar snacks like nuts or crisps
readily available, and perhaps a dartboard
2 3
14
on the wall. The customers, or regulars,
may look as if they could well in fact be
living there, too, which, let’s face it, might
be reasonable as the word pub is short for
public house after all.
Perhaps instead there is a fireplace
roaring away in a corner, an old stone
floor at the bar? Is there a dog asleep at
his owner’s feet as they read a newspa-
per? Does the landlord have an affable
nature and seem willing to chat? If so,
you’re probably in ‘the local’: a friendly
neighbourhood pub where a melting pot
of people is gathering to meet friends and
spend quality time.
Hungry? Have you been given a food
menu and escorted by a waiter or waitress
2 to go on |weitergehen
pastime |Zeitvertreib
to switch from sth to sth |von etw. zu etw.
wechseln
foreign |ausländisch
occupation |Besatzung
ale eɪl |Ale, obergäriges Bier
to look for sth |etw. suchen
the latter |letzterer
to increase |zunehmen, wachsen
dizzying |schwindelerregend
array əˈreɪ |Angebot, Reihe
so-called |so genannt
brewed bruːd |gebraut
increase |Zunahme, Wachstum
available əˈveɪləbl |erhältlich
flavour |Geschmack
ingredient |Zutat
to prove |sich zeigen, erweisen
to perceive sth as sth |etw. als etw.
empfinden, wahrnehmen
craft |Handwerk
whichever |welches auch immer
to agree on sth |in etw. übereinstimmen
measurement |Maß
common |verbreitet
timeless |zeitlos
sup |Getrännk
to bear sth in mind |etw. bedenken
to pay a visit to sth |etw. besuchen
watering hole |Kneipe
worth |wert
associated with sth |verbunden mit etw.
term |Bezeichnung, Begriff
to be aware of sth |sich einer S. bewusst sein
to consider sth |etw. ansehen
establishment |Einrichtung
boozer |Kneipe, Säufer
heavy |schwer
stench |Gestank
to a designated seating area? Well, now
you’re in a gastro-pub, where there is
plenty of typical ‘pub grub’ on offer,
should you wish to add lunch or dinner
to your bar tab. Fish and chips? Steak?
They’ve got you covered.
Possibly, as you tuck into your meal,
you have the feeling you’ve been here
before, perhaps many times in many dif-
ferent cities across the country. If this is
true, then it’s very likely you’re inside
one of the many dreaded chain-pubs,
a commercial network of hundreds of
similar franchise pubs owned by a larger
corporation, where the same experience
is offered and the same expectations met.
Each to their own, I guess!
booze |Alkohol
bartop |Theke, Tresen
sticky |klebrig
spillage |Verschütten
snack |Snack, Imbiss
nut |Nuss
crisps |Chips
readily |leicht, einfach
dartboard |Dartscheibe
3 customer |Kunde
let’s face it |seien wir ehrlich
reasonable |vernünftig, angemessen
short for sth |kurz für etw.
public house |Gaststätte, Kneipe
after all |doch, schließlich
instead |stattdessen
fireplace |Kamin, Feuerstelle
roaring |brausend
owner |Besitzer
landlord |Wirt
affable ˈæfəbl |umgänglich, freundlich
to seem |scheinen
to chat |plaudern
neighbourhood |Nachbarschaft
melting pot |Schmelztiegel,
Sammelbecken
to gather |sich sammeln, treffen
4 pub grub |in Kneipen servierter Imbiss
fish and chips |Bratfisch mit
Pommes
to have got sb covered |sich um jdn.
kümmern
to tuck into sth |sich etw. schmecken
lassen
to be very likely |sehr wahrscheinlich sein
inside |in
dreaded |gefürchtet
chain-pub |Kneipenkette
owned by sb |in Besitz von jdm.
each to their own |Jedem das Seine
4
ENGLISH MATTERS 4|2022
What’s in a Name?
One of the great traditions associ-
ated with pub culture revolves around
the names given to them. Unlike in the
Republic of Ireland, where it is common
to name a pub after a current or former
owner, British pubs tend to be named after
animals, objects or even occupations.
Many pubs associated with animals
are given their names based on a local
hunting heritage, such as the Hare &
Hounds or the Dog & Duck, but unless
there was a very different reality amongst
the British wildlife population once upon
a time, this certainly wouldn’t explain
the most common British pub name: the
Red Lion!
No, this one has heraldic origins, with
the image being closely associated with
King James I of Scotland, who is said to
have ordered his emblem to be displayed
on the outside of public houses across his
Kingdom. He was clearly very success-
ful in his desire to spread his presence
across the land, as there are currently
around 630 pubs named the Red Lion
in existence.
The tradition of naming pubs after
objects goes way back to those early
Roman settlers, who would typically
hang vine leaves outside of their tabernae
in order to signal that wine was on sale.
Throughout the ages, it became common
for landlords to hang objects outside to
add a little local character, and so that
is why names like The Boot, The Boat
or The Bucket are fairly commonplace.
Another strong association is with jobs
and occupations, and it’s not uncommon
to hear of a Carpenter’s, Fisherman’s or
Miner’s Arms. Sometimes these pubs
have an obvious connection to the occu-
pation in question, being located not far
from a workplace for example, but more
often than not there is no direct connec-
tion between the two.
Difficult Times
In recent years, the pub industry has
suffered. Changing tastes towards health-
ier lifestyles, the dominance of chain-pubs
and the 2007 indoor smoking ban have
all played their part in seeing over 2,000
British pubs closing their doors for good
since 2017.
5 6
On the Screen
If you’re inter-
ested in British
pub culture and
want to find good
examples of it in
TV and film, then
your first stop has
to be the UK’s three
Culture
most famous soap
operas: Coronation
Street, Eastenders
and Emmerdale.
These series are
set in Manchester,
London and rural Yorkshire respectively, and each of them centres around
a tight-knit local community, and their local pubs – the Rovers Return, the Queen
Victoria and the Woolpack – feature heavily in the storylines. If you want to get
a feel for what the classic pub experience is really like, then there is no better
place to start. You could also try the fantastic sitcom Early Doors, or if you’re
looking for a more detailed documentary-style take, try searching for ‘BFI Pub
Crawl’ on YouTube.
rural |ländlich heavily |stark
respectively |beziehungsweise storyline |Handlung
tight-knit |eng verbunden to look for sth |etw. suchen
to feature |auftauchen take |Aufnahme, Einstellung
This situation will not have been helped, Perhaps that wouldn’t be the wisest move,
of course, by the Covid-19 pandemic and but maybe the next time you pour yourself
related lockdowns, and one recent report a glass of something, alcoholic or otherwise,
suggested that adult Brits would each you could raise it in honour of this fine and
have to drink 124 pints of beer in order to longstanding cultural tradition. The regulars
make up for the economic damage caused. will thank you. 
5 to revolve around sth |sich um throughout the ages |durch alle Zeiten
etw. drehen to hang sth outside |etw. draußen
unlike |im Gegensatz zu aufhängen
current |aktuell, gegenwärtig commonplace |weitverbreitet
former |früherer uncommon |ungewöhnlich, selten
occupation |Beruf obvious ˈɒbviəs / ˈɑːbviəs |offensichtlich
hunting |Jagd X in question |der/der/das X betreffende,
heritage ˈherɪtɪdʒ |Erbe fragliche, jeweilige
unless |es sei denn, dass ... industry |Industrie, Branche
certainly |allerdings, sicherlich indoor |Innen-
origins |Ursprünge smoking ban |Rauchverbot
to order sth |etw. anordnen 6 related |verbunden
to be displayed |aushängen adult |erwachsen, Erwachsener
on the outside of sth |außerhalb von etw. to make up for sth |etw. kompensieren
kingdom |Königreich 7 otherwise |etwas anderes
to spread sth |etw. verbreiten to raise sth in honour of sth |etw. zu Ehren
currently |aktuell, gegenwärtig von etw. erheben
settler |Siedler longstanding |langjährig
in order to |um ... zu regular |Stammgast
7
15
 Cheers!
They call alcohol a social lubricant, and
drinking with company is always better than
drinking alone. To know the right things
to say when wining and dining, read this
handy guide from English Matters.
Conversation Matters

Cheers! |Prost!
wining and dining |Essen und Trinken (gehen)
handy |praktisch, nützlich

Alcohol and Emotions

Notable Nouns
• Would you like an aperitif?
• You should have a digestif after
that meal.
• He’s always wanted to visit
a vineyard.
• Have you ever been on a pub crawl?
• Let’s have a toast to everyone’s
health.
notable |bedeutend, relevant
vineyard |Weingut
pub crawl |Kneipentour
• I think alcohol helps people release pent-up feelings.
• We always start arguing when we drink.
• He’s a little tipsy. He’s got rosy cheeks and a huge smile on his face.
• Some say alcohol helps them deal with stress, but it just makes me more
anxious.
• I need a drink before I ask her out. That always makes me feel braver.
• Sorry, I  was really down in the dumps last night. I think I had too much to drink.
• I feel dreadful. I have a terrible hangover.
to release sth |etw. freilassen, rauslassen to ask sb out |jdn. zu einem Rendezvous
pent-up |aufgestaut einladen
to argue |streiten to be down in the dumps |down/
tipsy |angeheitert deprimiert sein
to deal with sth |mit etw. fertig werden hangover |Kater
anxious |besorgt, ängstlich

16
ENGLISH MATTERS 4|2022

Conversation Matters
Potent Phrasal
Verbs
• This drink is too strong. Can you
water it down?
• She poured me too much, and my
drink spilled over.
• Let’s drink to the newlyweds!
• The host handed round glasses
to everyone and poured out the

A PUB CELEBRATION champagne.

• Could you top me up?
• The white wine goes well with
Mark: I’d like everyone to put up their glass for a toast. this dish.
Jerry: Hang on, I don’t have a drink yet.
Mark: Here, take this pint. I just want to wish Richie all the best at his new job. to water sth down |etw. verdünnen
Jerry: Cheers! We’re really going to miss you. Down the hatch! to pour sth |etw. einschenken
Mark: Bottoms up, everyone! to spill over |überlaufen
Richie: Thanks to all of you. All right, the next round’s on me. newlyweds |Frischvermählte
Mark: In that case, let’s get some shots. And we want some of that top-shelf liquor. host |Gastgeber
Richie: I wouldn’t settle for anything less. to hand round sth |etw. herumreichen
to pour out sth tə pɔː(r) aʊt ˈsʌmθɪŋ |
Down the hatch! |Auf ex!, Hoch die Tassen! etw. ausschenken
bottoms up |Prost, Hoch die Tassen to top sb up |jdm. nachschenken
round |Runde to go well with sth |gut zu etw.
to settle for sth |sich mit etw. zufriedengeben passen

17
 Alcohol Slang
A DRINKING LESSON • Could you grab me a cold one?
• I’m really nervous about this
Max: So, what would you like to drink? date. I think I’ll have some liq-
Amelia: I’m not sure. I don’t drink much. What would you recommend? uid courage.
Max: Well, there’s so much to choose from. Perhaps you’d like some wine? • He said he wants some more
Amelia: That sounds lovely. But I’ll just have a glass, so don’t open up anything bubbly.
fancy. • I hate her parties. Everyone
Max: Sure, we’ll save the sherry and brandy for another time. Would you prefer drinks way too much booze.
red or white wine? • Would you like to come in for
Amelia: I think I’d like something chilled, so I’ll go with a white wine. a nightcap?
Max: Fantastic. I have something that’s extra dry. How does that sound? • I’ll have a screwdriver on the
Amelia: Sorry, but what does that mean? rocks. And make it stiff.
Conversation Matters

Max: Extra dry wines have less sugar left in them. They kind of make your • I’d love something to wet my
mouth water. whistle.
Amelia: Aha, OK. Sure, I’ll try that one.
to grab sth |etw. schnappen
fancy |ausgefallen, teuer liquid courage ˈlɪkwɪd ˈkʌrɪdʒ /
chilled |gekühlt ˈkɜːrɪdʒ |sich Mut antrinken
to make one’s mouth water |jdm. den Mund wässrig machen bubbly |sprudelnd
booze |Alkohol
to come in for sth |für etw.
reinkommen
Alcohol Abuse Deaths on the Rise nightcap |Absacker,
Schlummertrunk
New statistics from the United Kingdom heavy drinking |starker Alkoholkonsum on the rocks |auf Eis
show an alarming increase in the num- measure |Maßnahme to wet your whistle |sich die Kehle
ber of people dying from binge drinking. to tackle sth |etw. angehen anfeuchten
The steepest rise in deaths is among men to raise awareness
aged 35 to 54. Liver failure and stomach of sth |die
cancer are common causes of death. Not Aufmerksamkeit für
only are more people suffering from etw. erhöhen
them, but people are starting to develop to review sth |etw.
problems at earlier ages. überprüfen
Why is this problem developing now? advertising |
It appears as if more people are con- Werbung
tinuing a lifestyle that involves heavy pricing |
drinking into their twenties and thir- Preispolitik,
ties. The British government is taking Preisgestaltung
several measures to tackle the problem.
One of them is raising awareness of the
dangers of alcohol abuse. Officials are
also reviewing advertising and pricing
practices to see if any changes need to
be made there.

alcohol abuse |Alkoholmissbrauch

on the rise |auf dem Vormarsch
increase |Zunahme
steep |steil
liver failure |Leberversagen
stomach cancer |Magenkrebs
common |verbreitet
to appear |auftreten, erscheinen
to involve sth |etw. einschließen

18
ENGLISH MATTERS 4|2022

Types of Alcohol
A HEN PARTY • I enjoy dry martinis. I don’t want
too much vermouth.
Camilla: OK, ladies. The barman knows that all of your drinks will go on my • I’ve grown to appreciate brandy
tab, so order whatever cocktails you’d like. more over the years, especially
Justine: It’s a cosmopolitan for me, straight up. cognac.
Irene: I think I’ll take it easy tonight. Maybe just a virgin margarita. • My favourite kinds of beer are
Camilla: Yeah, I see you’re still nursing that glass of champagne. What gives? porter and stout. I don’t really
Irene: I had an awful hangover last week, and I certainly don’t want to have to like ales or lagers.
go through another one. • I  love sparkling wines, but only
Justine: That’s understandable. By the way, how are we getting back home? dry ones.
Camilla: Maria kindly volunteered to be our designated driver. • I’ve never been into cocktails.
Justine: That’s a relief. Let’s have a night of good, clean fun, but let’s not Mocktails, though, are perfectly

Conversation Matters
overdo it. fine.
• Hard liquor is just too much for me.
hen party |Junggesellinnenabschied Grain alcohol – that’s the worst!
straight up |ohne Eis
to nurse sth |etw. langsam konsumieren to appreciate sth |etw. schätzen
What gives? |Was ist los? Was ist passiert? stout |Starkbier, Stout
understandable ˌʌndəˈstændəbl / ˌʌndərˈstændəbl |verständlich ale eɪl |Ale, obergäriges Bier
by the way |apropos, nebenbei sparkling wine |Perlwein
to volunteer tə ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r) / ˌvɑːlənˈtɪr |sich freiwillig melden dry |trocken
designated |vorgesehen, ausersehen to be into sth |etw. mögen
relief |Erleichterung mocktail |alkoholfreier Cocktail
to overdo sth |etw. übertreiben though |jedoch, allerdings
grain alcohol |Kornbranntwein

A Hangover Cure?
A recent study in the British Medical headache |Kopfschmerz valid |gültig
Journal has sadly found that there is no nausea ˈnɔːziə |Übelkeit, Brechreiz employee |Arbeiter
cure for hangovers. It looks as though the to experience sth |etw. erleben to soldier on |(unermüdlich) weiterkämpfen
only remedies to the searing headache and compelling |überzeugend, zwingend to go on with sth |mit etw. weitermachen
nausea people experience after drinking evidence |Beweis to turn one’s attention to sth |jds.
alcohol are abstinence and drinking in treatment |Behandlung Aufmerksamkeit auf etw. richten
moderation. No compelling evidence annually |jährlich to deter sb from sth |jdn. von etw. abhalten,
was found linking any other factor to the wage |Lohn, Gehalt abschrecken
treatment or prevention of hangovers. unfortunately |leider
Curing hangovers wouldn’t just ben-
efit individuals. In the UK, businesses
lose £2.6 bln annually in lost wages.
Unfortunately, having a hangover isn’t
a valid medical excuse to stay at home
from work, so employees have no choice
but to soldier on and go on with their day.
Since it’s looking clearer and clearer that
we won’t find a magical hangover cure,
researchers are turning their attention
to a new question – if hangovers are so
bad, why don’t they deter people from
over-drinking?

hangover cure |Katerkur

searing |schneidend

19
 Monogamy
– In or Out?
Is monogamy only a part
of the human reproductive
strategy or maybe something
that comes naturally to us?
Why, then, are philandering
and infidelity also widespread?
This time English Matters
presents pros and cons of
monogamy. As Warren Beatty
once said: “The highest level
of sexual excitement is in
a monogamous relationship.”

I
n the past, a wedding meant that an
oath of loyalty was given forever.
Controversial Debate Topics

This has changed, however, in the

course of time, and nowadays a lot
of married people admit having had
an extramarital affair during their
lifetime. What is so tempting, then?
Take a look at our debate.

philandering |Flirten, Schäkern

infidelity |Untreue
widespread |weitverbreitet
pros and cons |Pro und Kontra
monogamous məˈnɒɡəməs /
məˈnɑːɡəməs |monogam
wedding |Hochzeit
oath of loyalty |Treueschwur
in the course of time |im Laufe
der Zeit
nowadays |heutzutage
to admit |zugeben
extramarital |außerehelich
affair |Affäre
tempting |verlockend

20
ENGLISH MATTERS 4|2022
Monogamy as a Definition of Love
In our relationship, we value monogamy,
which gives us mutual emotional trust.
I have a person that I can always rely on,
and vice versa. My husband is also my
confidant and bosom pal. You should be
a single if you are not sure whether you
love your other half. For me, monogamy
means that the relationship is healthy,
mature and compatible, which might
not always be the case in polyamorous
relationship.
– Karen
I have been married for 15 years and I have
never thought about other women. Once
I was affected by cupid’s arrow,
I don’t need other females
to feel loved and satisfied.
I believe that being faithful
fosters emotional intimacy
and stability. Moreover,
from a health perspective,
one of the advantages of
monogamy is the reduced
risk for contracting sex-
ually transmitted dis-
eases (STDs) like HIV,
gonorrhoea and herpes.
I’m not a daredevil or
risk taker, and my
wife is the love of
my life.
– Mark
Once, I heard
that long-term
relationships
are linked to
a lower risk of
depression, bet-
ter heart health,
a nd a st ronger
immune system. So
my question is why we
shouldn’t treat monogamy
as a recipe for a long and
happy life? As far as I’m con-
cerned, a polyamorous relation-
ship would not only be dodgy,
stressful and emotionally draining,
but also doomed to failure as could
lead to conflicts and resentments.
There is nothing worse than the feeling
of jealousy or of being betrayed, is there?
– Pernille
As a very conservative and religious
individual, I’m dead against polygamy
and abhor unfaithfulness. For me, hav-
ing a lot of sexual partners is a sin.
I feel extreme discomfort and dis-
taste when I think about this immoral
behaviour. In my country, it is not
socially approved and may lead to
biases, judgments and isolation which
can be difficult to deal with. A friend
of mine was shunned by her family
after being divorced, let alone having
more than one partner.
– Ester
to value sth |etw. schätzen
mutual ˈmjuːtʃuəl |gegenseitig
to rely on sb |sich auf jdn. verlassen
confidant |Vertrauensperson
bosom pal |Busenfreund
mature məˈtʃʊə(r) / məˈtʃʊr |erwachsen, reif
compatible kəmˈpætəbl |kompatibel
polyamorous ˌpɒliˈæmərəs / ˌpɑːliˈæmərəs |
polyamor, polygam
faithful |treu
to foster sth |etw. fördern
moreover |außerdem, zudem
advantage |Vorteil
sexually transmitted diseases |sexuell
übertragbare Erkrankungen
gonorrhea ˌɡɒnəˈrɪə / ˌɡɑːnəˈriːə |Tripper
herpes |Herpes
daredevil |Draufgänger
once |einmal, einst
immune system |Immunsystem
recipe ˈresəpi |Rezept
as far as I’m concerned |was mich betrifft
dodgy |riskant, heikel
draining |aufzehrend
doomed to failure |zum Scheitern verurteilt
to lead to sth |zu etw. führen
resentment |Ärger
jealousy |Eifersucht
betrayed |betrogen
Controversial Debate Topics
to be dead against sth |strikt gegen etw.
sein
to abhor sth |etw. verabscheuen
unfaithfulness |Untreue
sin |Sünde
socially approved |gesellschaftlich
anerkannt
bias ˈbaɪəs |Vorurteil
to deal with sth |mit etw.
fertig werden
to shun sb |jdn. meiden
to divorce |sich
scheiden lassen
let alone |ganz zu
schweigen von ...
21
 Spice Up Your Life!
Monogamy is a weird thing for me and
it does not define love in the slightest.
I agree with Scarlett Johansson, who
believes that being in a monogamous rela-
tionship isn’t a natural instinct for human
beings. In fact, humans are polygamist
by nature, as animals are. In my case,
a love triangle is a solution. We are open
to new experiences and new partners
as well. When you are in a polygamous
relationship, you also don’t have to make
any compromises. For me, polygamy
should be decriminalised and socially
acceptable.
– Maciej
Let’s be honest, many couples or mar-
riages are just maintained as people are
too idle to split up or divorce. Even though
they feel emotionally exhausted and
experience a love burnout, they continue
to live together for the kids. Why should
we suffer so much? Let’s escape the rut!
We live in the 21st century, where most
people in a marriage get bored over time
and urgently want to experience some-
thing new. Polygamy gives you a chance
to explore more partners and make your
life more vivid and interesting. I’m defi-
Controversial Debate Topics
I respect those who live in a monogamous
relationship, but I cannot imagine
myself only with one person.
Maybe I’m too young to get
married and live with one
sexual partner till the end of
my life. Polyamory gives
me freedom that I enjoy
and would not like to
replace it with anything
else. While living in an
open relationship I’m
regularly repaid with new
experiences collected from
being able to love as many
people as my heart desires.
Life is so beautiful and never
boring! – Kamilla
From a biological point of view, having
various partners may enable a male to
sire more offspring. It may sound a bit to get married |heiraten
chauvinistic but a man who takes more to replace sth with sth |etw. mit etw.
than one wife satisfies more of his sex- ersetzen
ual appetites, signals high social status, to enable sb to do sth |jdm. ermöglichen, etw.
and generally feels better about himself. zu tun
Being an alpha male, I can wholeheart- male |Mann, Männchen
edly understand this point of view, and to sire sb tə ˈsaɪə(r) / ˈsaɪər ˈsʌmbədi |jdn.
if I had the chance I would go for it. By zeugen

nitely for this! sleeping with more than one partner and
– Patrick by having children with your different
spouses, you can expand your gene pool
quite a lot and you can make sure that
your genes will be passed forward
from many different children.
– Steven
to spice up sth |etw.
aufpeppen
weird |sonderbar
in the slightest |im
Geringsten
triangle |Dreieck
maintained |beibehalten,
aufrechterhalten
idle ˈaɪdl |faul
to split up |sich trennen
even though |auch wenn,
obwohl
exhausted |erschöpft
burnout |Ausgebranntsein
rut |Trott, Routine
urgently |dringend
vivid |lebendig, strahlend
definitely |definitiv
offspring |Nachwuchs
chauvinistic ˌʃəʊvɪˈnɪstɪk |chauvinistisch
wholeheartedly |von/mit ganzem Herzen
to go for sth |sich für etw. entscheiden
spouse |Ehegatte, -gattin
to expand sth |etw. erweitern, ausdehnen
gene pool |Genpool
passed |weitergegeben
To Sum Up
As we can conclude from the
discussion above, there are numer-
ous advantages and disadvantages
of having one or more partners. Is,
then, monogamy the perfect and most
attractive situation, or does being pol-
yamorous have more perks? That’s
a question everyone needs to answer
for themselves. 
numerous |zahlreich
disadvantage |Nachteil
perk |Vorteil

22
ENGLISH MATTERS 4|2022

FOCUS ON LANGUAGE
Interesting information and phrases for romantic relation- While talking about relationships one cannot forget about
ships: a toxic relationship which is characterised by, for example:
• Only about 2% of the global population lives in polyga- • Blaming
mous households, and in most countries, that share is • Competitiveness
under 0.5% • Controlling behaviours
• Polygamy is most often found in sub-Saharan Africa, where • Disrespect
11% of the population lives in arrangements that include • Dishonesty
more than one spouse. • Gaslighting
• Polygamy usually takes the form of polygyny – when a • Hostility
man marries multiple women. • Jealousy
• One-in-five US adults believe that polygamy is morally
acceptable, a recent Gallup poll found.
Source: Pew Research Center Analysis, 2018.
Finally, let’s look at some interesting idioms connected to
love and relationships:
• lovey-dovey = when people show their love for each other
There are different types of relationships like platonic, in public by touching each other and saying loving things
romantic or codependent. However, relationships are typi- • to pop the question = to propose marriage to someone
cally divided into several categories like: • to tie the knot = to get married
• Family relationships • to have a soft spot for someone = to be very fond of someone
• Friendships • to hit it off = to get on well with someone you meet
• Acquaintances
•R  omantic relationships
• Sexual relationships household |Haushalt
• Work relationships share |Anteil
• Situational relationships (sometimes called “situation- arrangement |Übereinkunft
ships”) to include sb |jdn. einschließen
adult |Erwachsener

Controversial Debate Topics

poll |Umfrage
codependent |co-abhängig
These different forms of relationships can vary a great deal divided into sth |in etw. unterteilt
in terms of closeness. acquaintance |Bekanntschaft
Let’s look at casual relationships, which often involve dat- in terms of sth |in Bezug auf etw.
ing relationships that may include sex without expectations dating |Partnersuche, Daten
of monogamy or commitment. Typical phrases connected commitment |Hingabe
to this situation include: to include sth |etw. einschließen
• One-night stands booty call |telefonische Verabredung zum Sex
• Booty calls on the other hand |andererseits
• “Sex” buddies consensually kənˈsenʃuəli |einvernehmlich
• Friends with benefits  competitiveness |Rivalität
dishonesty |Unehrlichkeit
gaslighting |Gaslighting, jdn. an seinen Wahrnehmungen der
Realität zweifeln lassen
An open relationship, on the other hand, is a type hostility |Feindseligkeit
of consensually non-monogamous relationship in jealousy |Eifersucht
which one or more partners have sex or relationships to be fond of sb |jdn. mögen, lieb haben
with other people but may have certain conditions or to get on well with sb |gut mit jdm. auskommen
limitations.

23
 How to Learn
a New Skill
Learning a new skill can be exciting and
rewarding. Sometimes, though, it’s difficult
to know where to start. English Matters has
prepared a few tips to help you reach your
goals.

Choose your desired skill carefully.

• If you’re serious about learning something new, it will take time, effort and pos-
sibly money.
• The more you enjoy your chosen skill, the more likely you are to practise.
• Will your chosen skill help you in real life?

Be clear about what you want to achieve.

• Set a goal – make it realistic.
DOWNLOAD

• Create mini-goals for what you want to achieve along the way.
• Define how you will measure success.
DOWNLOAD QR CODE SCANNER:
COLORFULMEDIA.DE/SCANNER
Tips

Create a deadline.
ZUGANGSCODE
• What exactly do you want to achieve? By when do you want to achieve it? z5h
• After setting the deadline, create a timeline, too. Include milestones and achievements. ODER HÖR ES
DIR AN AUF
• Remember to plan enough time to achieve your goal – learning a skill doesn’t hap- english-matters-magazin.de

pen overnight.

skill |Fähigkeit
rewarding |bereichernd
though |jedoch, allerdings
a few |einige
tip |Tipp
carefully |sorgfältig
effort |Aufwand, Anstrengung
to achieve sth |etw. erreichen
to measure sth tə ˈmeʒə(r) ˈsʌmθɪŋ |etw. messen
to set sth |etw. festlegen
to include sth |etw. einschließen
milestone |Meilenstein
achievement əˈtʃiːvmənt |Erfolg, Leistung
overnight |über Nacht, schlagartig

24
ENGLISH MATTERS 4|2022

• Allow at least eight weeks of regular work towards your skill before assessing if
you’d like to continue or not (studies show that less than eight weeks is not long
enough to judge your interest in something new).

Believe in yourself.
• All things can be learnt. If you want to achieve something, what’s stopping you?...
Don’t let doubt be the answer!

Be realistic about the level you want to achieve

(at first).
• It’s said that it takes 10,000 hours of practise to become world-class at anything –
what level are you aiming for?
• Setting realistic goals at the start will help you stay motivated while learning.

Do initial research.
• Whatever you’re planning on learning, there are many people who’ve learnt it before
– did they document the process?
• Find books and videos on your chosen subject.

Break it down.
• The main skill most probably entails a lot of smaller skills – identify these ‘subskills’
and plan on learning them.
• Some subskills will require more work than others (and be more fun than others) –
be sure to identify which ones are essential.

Learn from other people’s mistakes

(and experiences).

Tips
• No need to be a renegade here – other people will have tried various learning pro-
cesses, one of them will probably work for you.
• Is there a particular aspect to the skill that trips people up? Being aware of it at the
start is a big step towards overcoming/avoiding it.

to allow sth |etw. erlauben

at least |wenigstens
to assess sth |etw. evaluieren, bewerten
enough |genug
to judge one’s interest in sth |sein Interesse an etw. beurteilen
doubt daʊt |Zweifel
at first |anfangs
to aim for sth |etw. anstreben, auf etw. abzielen
to break sth down |etw. analysieren
to entail sth |etw. mit sich bringen
renegade |Rebell, Abtrünniger
various ˈveəriəs / ˈveriəs |verschieden
to trip up |stolpern (lassen)
to be aware of sth |sich einer S. bewusst sein
to overcome sth |etw. überstehen
to avoid sth |etw. (ver)meiden

25
 Get inspired by the
greats.
• Who’s the greatest at the skill you’re
attempting? Watch/listen/read their
work to discover what’s possible and
feel inspired.
• When feeling de-motivated, come back
to these idols and remember; they too
once had to learn the skill.
Find your place.
• Where can you physically perform your
skill? Do you need a lot of space?
• Even if your skill doesn’t require a spe-
cial area, it’s good to have a set space
to practice – it will help you focus and
‘get in the zone’.
Less talk, more action.
• Take the first step – try your skill.
• Don’t take too long between theory and
practice, even if you can only perform
a tiny part of your chosen skill.
Practise.
• It can be boring, it can be tiring, it can
even be frustrating, but practising is the
only way you’ll progress.
Tips
Outliers
The idea that it takes
10,000 hours to
become world-
class at anything
got popularised
by Malcolm
Gladwell’s
book Out-
liers. Pub-
lished in
2008, this
non-fic t ion
book examines the factors of
success and looks at famous exam-
ples such as The Beatles, Bill Gates,
and professional hockey players.
Malcolm Gladwell is also the author
of The Tipping Point (2000) and Blink
(2005).
1 2
26
Practice.
• No, this is not a typo – you’ve done your
practice, now practice some more!
• Remember the old adage ‘practice makes
perfect’? Well, even if you don’t achieve
perfection today, your practice will take
you one step closer to your goal.
Take a break.
• You’ve been practicing hard, so now
take a break – give your brain a chance
to absorb all the benefits of your practice.
• It can be hard to return to practice after
a break – start off with something easy
and enjoyable.
Practice.
• But this time, make it specific – don’t
just keep doing the same thing over
and over, think about the different ele-
ments of the skill and practice each one
separately.
• ‘Deliberate practice’ (the name for con-
centrating on different aspects of a skill)
is often hard and sometimes tedious, but
it is the best way to become a master.
Push yourself.
• Once you’re comfortable doing some-
thing, it’s time to move onto the next
step – progress is made outside your
comfort zone.
Get a teacher or mentor.
• It’s good to get a  second opinion –
sometimes it’s hard to spot your own
strengths and weaknesses.
• Ask for feedback.
• An expert can help you with any areas
where you’re struggling.
• There are often insider tips that can help,
too – teachers have seen it all before, so
they can share the secrets of the skill.
Don’t worry about
mistakes.
• Never be afraid of making mistakes.
• No one has ever learnt a new skill with-
out making them.
• When you make a mistake, acknowledge
it and learn from it.
Be realistic and stay
motivated.
• We live in a world of instant gratifica-
tion – remember that skills take time.
• Pause and reflect – look at the progress
you’ve made and all your achievements
(even if small) so far.
• Remind yourself of your ultimate goal.
• Keep going.
• Believe in yourself.
Achieve your goal.
•U
 ltimately, learning a new skill is a bal-
ance between staying motivated and com-
mitted, accepting your gains and your
frustrations. You have to put in the time,
but you should enjoy it too. Hopefully this
guide will help you get there. 
1 to attempt sth |etw. in Angriff nehmen
once |einmal
physically |physisch
to require sth |etw. erfordern, brauchen,
benötigen
to focus |sich konzentrieren
2 typo |Tippfehler
adage |Sprichwort
practice makes perfect |Übung macht den
Meister
to take a break |eine Pause machen
enjoyable |angenehm, erfreulich
over and over |wieder und wieder
deliberate dɪˈlɪbərət |absichtlich, bewusst
tedious |langweilig, mühsam
comfortable ˈkʌmftəbl / ˈkʌmfətəbl |
behaglich, angenehm
to spot sth |etw. herausfinden, entdecken
strengths and weaknesses |Stärken und
Schwächen
to struggle with sth |sich mit etw. abmühen
3 without sth |ohne etw.
to acknowledge sth tu əkˈnɒlɪdʒ / əkˈnɑːlɪdʒ
ˈsʌmθɪŋ |etw. zur Kenntnis nehmen
instant |sofortig
to reflect sth |über etw. nachdenken
ultimate |endgültig, letzter
ultimately |letztlich
committed |engagiert
gain |Gewinn, Bereicherung, Zuwachs
3
 Prepositions of Place

To put it in simple words, a preposition of place is used to
refer to a place where somebody or something is located.
Most people would definitely enumerate in, on, and at as the
main prepositions, so let’s talk about them first.
The preposition In
The preposition in is used to describe something inside some-
thing else, e.g. There are loads of documents in this folder.
It is also used with:
Geographical regions
• In Great Britain you drive on the left side.
• Cortina D’Ampezzo is a popular Italian ski resort.
Cities, towns and larger areas
• Do you like working and living in Brighton?
• They took a long walk in the park.
• I bought a present for my nephew in the toy department.
Buildings, rooms and places that we can imagine surround
a person or object on all sides
• Can you wait a second in another room, please?
• I’ve left my wallet in the office.
• There’s a wedding ceremony in the church this afternoon.
• Lots of people were playing with a ball in the sea.
• Angie works on the first floor.
• You’ve got a dirty mark on your shirt.
Roads/streets or other things that can be thought of as a
line, e.g. rivers
• The bookshop you want to visit is on the corner of Jame’s
Street.
• London is on the Thames.
• Brighton is on the south coast.
A general idea is that the preposition in is used for larger
places and at for smaller, more specific ones:
We arrived in Warsaw two hours ago.
But:
We arrived at the station two hours ago.
However, if we think of a larger place as a specific point,
we can use at, e.g.
The bus stops at Florence and Rome.
Other prepositions
Apart from the main prepositions in, at, and on, there are
a couple more that are useful in describing a position of
something:
Behind: at the back of

Language WYTNIJ I ZACHOWAJ

Containers Between: something or somebody is on each side
• There’s some cake left in the fridge. In front of: something is ahead of something else
• I think I’ve got a sunscreen in my bag. Below/under: lower than something or somebody
Near: close to
The preposition At Next to: beside
Above/over: higher than something
The preposition at is used with:
specific places/points in space Let’s move on now from theory to practice and do the fol-
• She buys vegetables at a local farm. lowing exercises to check what you already know about
• I had a cup of coffee at Tim’s apartment. prepositions. Good luck!
• Mary is still at home.
• We should meet at reception first to find a proper confer-
ence room.
• There are a couple of people at the door waiting for you.
• I was standing at the bus stop when I saw him crossing preposition of place | container |Behälter
the street. Präposition des Ortes sunscreen |Sonnencreme
Public places and shops to refer to sth |sich auf etw. vegetable |Gemüse
• Samuel is at the dentist right now. beziehen still |(immer) noch
• Elizabeth studied English Literature at college in the UK. definitely |definitiv to cross the street |die Straße
• Shall I meet you at the airport? to enumerate sth |etw. überqueren
• We did the shopping for the whole week at the supermarket. aufzählen to do the shopping |Einkäufe
With addresses first |zuerst machen
• They live at 65, Trafalgar Square. inside |innen, drinnen current |aktuell, gegenwärtig
With events loads of sth |eine Menge (an) surface |Oberfläche
• I met my current boss at last year’s conference. etw. mark |Fleck
resort rɪˈzɔːt / rɪˈzɔːrt |Ferienort however |jedoch, allerdings
The preposition On nephew |Neffe apart from sth |abgesehen
to surround sb/sth |jdn./etw. von/außer etw.
The preposition on is used with: umgeben on each side |auf beiden Seiten
Surfaces, or things that can be seen as surfaces wallet ˈwɒlɪt / ˈwɑːlɪt | lower |niedriger
• The laptop is on his desk. Portemonnaie beside |neben
• There were a lot of photos on the wall. wedding |Hochzeits- good luck |Viel Glück!
 Prepositions of Place | PRACTICE

Exercise 1 Exercise 4
Complete the sentences with a preposition: Match the sentence halves:
a) He swam ______ the Baltic Sea every day. a) Did you see those children  on the table
b) Where’s Julia? She’s ______ school.
c) T he vase is ______ the shelf. b) Frankfurt is  beside his children talk-
d) P lease put all the fruit ______ the bowl. ing to her
e) T here are two pockets ______ this jacket. c) The woman was sitting  under the bed
f) I read the news ______ the woman’s magazine.
g) T he dog was lying ______ the sofa. d) The father stood on the river Main
h) Lucy was standing ______ the platform waiting for e) There are a few travel in the picture?
the train. necessities

Exercise 2 f) She keeps the money on your wrist?

Language WYTNIJ I ZACHOWAJ

Correct the prepositions in the sentences. Some preposi- g) The dog was hiding  in front of the table
tions are correct:
a) I’ll meet her in the theatre. h) Why do you wear so many in a safe place
bracelets 
b) She hung a picture in the wall.
c) J ohn is in the garden.
d) T here’s nothing in TV tonight. Exercise 5
e) I  stayed at home all weekend. Put the words in the correct order, to make sentences
f) When I called Lucy, she was at the bus. with prepositions:
g) T here was a mosquito on the ceiling. a) arguing a She with started front in of man her
h) Y ou can’t sit on the table. Sit on a chair, please. b) The is above the plane already clouds
i) There are four cushions on the sofa. c) She the held blanket me over
d) the forest walked They through slowly
Exercise 3 e) lies London between and town York The halfway
Choose the correct option a, b or c:
1. T
 he gallery is _____ the end of the street. Exercise 6
a. at b. in c. on Complete sentences with prepositions:
2. I arrived ____ Germany two days ago and I have been a) He lives ____ Park Road.
very happy since then. b) They arranged a meeting ____ Berlin.
a. at b. in c. on c) I saw her ____ 13 Park Road.
3. This is the worst film you can see _____ the cinema d) ____ this district people are very poor.
this month.
a. at b. in c. on a) on b) in c) at d) in
4. Where’s Alice?’ ‘She’s _____ the bus stop catching a bus Exercise 6
to the airport.’ way between London and York.
a. at b. in c. on
slowly  through  the forest. e) The town lies half-
c) She held the blanket over me. d) They walked
5. People are usually nervous on their first day _____ work. is already above the clouds.
a. at b. in c. on a) She started arguing with a man in front of her b) The plane
Exercise 5
do you wear so many bracelets on your wrist?
platform |Bahnsteig
a safe place. g) The dog was hiding under the bed. h) Why
travel necessities on the table. f) She keeps the money in
mosquito |Moskito stood beside his children talking to her. e) There are a few
cushion |Kissen c) The woman was sitting in front of the table. d) The father
a few |einige on the river Main.
wrist |Handgelenk a) Did you see those children in the picture? b) Frankfurt is
bracelet |Armband
Exercise 4
a, b, a, a, a
to argue |streiten Exercise 3
blanket |Decke correct i) correct
halfway |auf halber Strecke at/correct b) on c) correct d) on e) correct f) on g) correct h)
to arrange a meeting |ein Treffen ausmachen, sich verabreden Exercise 2
a) in b) at c) on d) in e) in f) in g) on h) on
Exercise 1

Answer key
ENGLISH MATTERS 4|2022

Situations
by Katarzyna Szpotakowska

What do you say when…

you want to praise you want to use English • I must learn to be more frugal, I can’t
someone? proverbs? afford to buy so many expensive things
• Good job! • Birds of a feather flock together. – Gleich any more.
• You’re irreplaceable. und gleich gesellt sich gern.
• Well done! • A  leopard ˈlepəd / ˈlepərd never changes its flat broke |komplett pleite
You’re a real treasure. spots. – Die Katze lässt das Mausen nicht. barely |kaum
• The proof of the pudding is in the eat- to make ends meet |über die Runden
to praise sb tə preɪz ˈsʌmbədi |jdn. loben ing. – Probieren geht über Studieren. kommen
irreplaceable ˌɪrɪˈpleɪsəbl |unersetzlich • A  drowning ˈdraʊnɪŋ man will clutch at to tighten one’s belt tə ˈtaɪtn wʌnz belt |den
Well done! |Gute Arbeit! a straw. – Ein Ertrinkender klammert Gürtel enger schnallen
sich an jeden Strohhalm. frugal |sparsam, bescheiden
you want to compliment to afford |sich etw. leisten können
someone? proverb |Sprichwort
• You’ve just made my day! you have a lot of plans?
• You are like a breath of fresh air. you regret something? • I  have a lot of irons in the fire right now.

Language
• You’re like sunshine on a rainy day. • It’s a pity I couldn’t come. • I have a full plate right now.
• I love being around you. • I wish I had known about it then. • I’m tied up.
• If only I hadn’t lost it. • I already have enough on my plate
to make one’s day |jdm. den Tag retten • I should have been smarter. right now.
breath of fresh air breθ əv freʃ eə(r) |Hauch
frischer Luft to regret sth |etw. bereuen, bedauern to have a lot of irons in the fire |eine Menge
pity |Schande, schade Eisen im Feuer haben
give someone a piece of to be tied up |beschäftigt sein
advice? you forgive someone?
• If I were you, I’d… • Forget about it. you are reluctant to do
• I’d advise you to … • No need to apologise. something?
• You’d better (do)… • Let’s bury the hatchet. • I’ve got some doubts about that.
• Why don’t you…? • That’s quite all right. • I’m in two minds about that.
• I’m not sure if I want to do that.
piece of advice |Rat to bury the hatchet tə ˈberi ðə ˈhætʃɪt |das • I’m sceptical about that.
Kriegsbeil begraben
you ask for reluctant |widerwillig, abgeneigt
clarification? you need to relax? doubt daʊt |Zweifel
• Are you saying…? • I need to let my hair down. to be in two minds |geteilter Meinung sein
• What do you mean by…? • This Saturday, I’m going to chillax.
• Could you be more specific? • I can finally let off some steam. you are sleepy/tired?
• Could you explain that, please? • I want nothing else, but to laze around • I’ve caught a cold and I feel really
on a sunny beach. drowsy right now.
you dislike/hate • I feel like dozing off right now.
something? to let one’s hair down |die Sau rauslassen • I can’t stop yawning.
• It drives me nuts. to let off some steam |etw. Dampf ablassen • You look tired, you need to call it a day.
• I can’t stand it. to laze around |faulenzen
• I’m not into it. to catch a cold |sich erkälten
• I’m not a big fan of it. you have no money? drowsy |schlaftrunken, schläfrig
• I’m flat broke. to doze off |wegdösen, eindösen
It drives me nuts. |Es macht mich verrückt. • I’m barely making ends meet. to yawn |gähnen
I can’t stand it. |Ich kann es nicht ausstehen. • I need to tighten my belt this month. to call it a day |aufhören, Feierabend machen

29
 Paris – the
Incomparable
Capital of France
One of the world’s most glamorous and iconic cities is Paris,
the capital of France. With its world-renowned attractions
and unique atmosphere, it has long been a veritable tourist
magnet.

incomparable ɪnˈkɒmprəbl / ɪnˈkɑːmprəbl |

unvergleichbar
world-renowned |weltberühmt
veritable ˈverɪtəbl |wahrhaftig, echt
Travel

Fact File
The name Champs-Élysées trans-
lates into English as Elysian Fields;
it derives from Greek mythology and
refers to the resting place of Greek
gods and dead heroes.

to derive from sth | von etw. herrühren

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30
ENGLISH MATTERS 4|2022
The Eiffel Tower
No tourist attraction is more synony-
mous with Paris than the Eiffel Tower.
Standing 324 metres high, it literally tow-
ers over the city and is seen on most Paris
postcards. It is named after the entrepre-
neur Gustave Eiffel, who designed the
project with the aid of two engineers,
Maurice Koechlin and Emile Nouguier,
and one architect, Stephen Sauvestre.
Work began on its construction on 26
January 1887, and it was inaugurated on
31 March 1889. It is located in the very
heart of Paris, in the 7th arrondissement
synonymous with sth sɪˈnɒnɪməs /
sɪˈnɑːnɪməs wɪð ˈsʌmθɪŋ |synonym für etw.
literally |buchstäblich
to tower over sth |etw. überragen
entrepreneur ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜː(r) / ˌɑːntrəprəˈnɜːr
|Unternehmer
with the aid of sb |mit Hilfe von jdm.
in the very heart of sth |im Herzen
von etw.
(district) on the banks of the River Seine.
Since 1991, it has been a UNESCO World
Heritage Site, and it is believed to attract
as many as seven million visitors a year.
On the top floor of the tower, you can
marvel at a 360 degree view of Paris and the
surrounding area. You can also visit a his-
torical reconstruction of Gustave Eiffel’s
office, use the panoramic maps to get an
idea of the directions and distances from
Paris to other major world cities, or enjoy
a glass of champagne at the Champagne
Bar. For most of the year, access to all
three floors of the tower by lift is open to
the public from 9:30 am until 10:45 pm.
Seine seɪn |Seine
UNESCO World Heritage Site |UNESCO
Weltkulturerbestätte
floor |Stockwerk, Etage
to marvel at sth |etw. bewundern
surrounding |umgebend
major |größere, wichtig, Haupt-
to enjoy sth |etw. genießen
by lift |per/mit dem Aufzug/Lift
Travel
31
 Notre Dame the Revolution and the Empire. In 1921, the Unknown Soldier
– Our Lady of Paris was buried at the base of the arch, and the flame of remembrance
is rekindled every day at 6.30 pm.

Place de la Concorde

The Roman Catholic Cathedral of Paris, known as Notre-

Dame (Our Lady), is dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary.
Located on the Île de la Cité (=City Island) in central Paris,
it was built between 1163 and 1245, which puts it among the
world’s oldest Gothic cathedrals. The novel The Hunchback of
Notre Dame by Victor Hugo, published in 1831, drew attention
to the poor condition of the cathedral at the time. This may have
sparked the cathedral’s most radical renovation, which began
in 1845. It involved replacing the flying buttresses, restoring
the chapel and adding a new rose window, and it took 25 years
to complete.
Notre Dame was the scene of the beatification of Joan of Arc
in 1909 as well as the coronation of King Henry VI of England
in 1431 and Napoleon Bonaparte on 2 December 1804.
Tragically, on the evening of 15 April 2019, the upper part
Travel
The Place de la Concorde is the largest square in Paris and the
second largest in France, after Bordeaux’s Place des Quinconces.
Designed between 1757 and 1779, it was originally called Place
Louis XV. However, in 1792, the square was renamed Place de
la Révolution (Revolution Square) and was the location chosen
for over 1,200 public executions, including those of King Louis
XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette. In 1795, the square was given
its present name.
Between 1836 and 1840, the face of the square was changed
by the erection of a giant 3,000-year-old Egyptian obelisk in
the center of the square, a present from the Khedive of Egypt.

of the Cathedral was partially destroyed by fire. 400 firefighters
did manage to salvage part of the monument, and since the end
of May 2020, the cathedral’s Parvis (forecourt) has been open
to visitors. Nonetheless, the towers, treasures and crypt will
remain closed until further notice.
On the north side of the square is the Crillon Hotel, one of the
city’s oldest and most elegant hotels. The views of the city from
the obelisk are phenomenal, with the Arc de Triomphe on one
side and the Louvre on the other.

Champs Elysées
Arc de Triomphe
The best known avenue in Paris is surely the Champs-
Élysées, which many tourists regard as the perfect place for

1 to draw attention to sth | nonetheless |nichtsdestotrotz

Aufmerksamkeit auf etw. lenken until further notice |bis auf
to spark sth |etw. auslösen Weiteres, bis auf Widerruf
to involve sth |etw. einschließen arch ɑːtʃ / ɑːrtʃ |Bogen
to replace sth |etw. ersetzen 2 empire |Imperium

flying buttress |Hochschiffstrebe, buried |begraben

Strebebogen
chapel ˈtʃæpl |Kapelle
rose window |Fensterrose
Another icon of the French capital is the Arc de Triomphe, to complete sth |etw. fertigstellen
designed and built by architect Jean-François Chalgrin, who partially |teilweise
drew his inspiration from the Roman Arch of Titus. Visitors can to manage to do sth |es schaffen,
get a unique view of the city from the arch’s panoramic terrace. etw. zu tun
The French king Louis-Philippe Arc officially inaugurated the to salvage sth |etw. retten
Arc de Triomphe in 1836, and he dedicated it to the armies of forecourt |Vorplatz
flame of remembrance |
Gedächtnisfeuer
rekindled |wieder angezündet
originally |ursprünglich
including sb |einschließlich jdm.
erection |Errichtung
phenomenal |phänomenal
to regard sth as sth | etw. als
etw. betrachten/ansehen

1 2

32
ENGLISH MATTERS 4|2022

a stroll. It is 1.9 km (1.2 miles) long and links the Arc de

Triomphe with the Place de la Concorde. 1994 saw the renova-
tion of its pavements, which made a considerable improvement
to its appearance. Today, it is home to several shops, offices and
cafés. Many sports fans are familiar with the area: it is the scene
of the final stage of the world-famous Tour de France.
Louvre Palace and Museum
ancient Gaul. It has also been home to Roman temples dedicated
to Mercury and Mars. The Church of Saint Peter is adjacent to
the Royal Abbey of Montmartre; rebuilt in the 1100s, it is the
oldest church in Paris. The Basilica was designed by the architect
Paul Abadie and built between 1875 and 1914 and consecrated
in 1919. Its Romano-Byzantine design contrasts sharply with
that of Gothic churches like Notre Dame; it was inspired by St.
Mark’s Basilica in Venice as well as Hagia (Saint) Sofia, the
Orthodox basilica of Constantinople.
The Sacré-Cour is open to the public every day between 6.30
am and 10.30 pm. For a panoramic view of Paris, visitors can
ascend the 300 steps to the Dome of the Basilica, which is open
daily from 10.30 am until 5.30 pm. Plus, of course, visitors can
attend morning, afternoon and evening masses.

The Capital of Romance

Travel
The number of attractions in Paris is overwhelming so it
is impossible to cover them all. With its beautiful boulevards
overlooking the River Seine, its cafés, restaurants and art gal-
Another must-see in Paris is the Louvre, which has served leries, it is seen as the perfect place for a romantic dinner, which
several purposes over the years. Back in the Middle Ages, King is why many people dream of living in the French capital. 
Philippe-Auguste built a fortress in the area to defend Paris;
between 1364 and 1380, it was transformed into a castle by 3 stroll |Spaziergang nevertheless |nichtsdestotrotz
King Charles V; under Napoleon Bonaparte, it became a large pavement |Gehweg to welcome sb |jdn.
museum, and under President François Mitterand, who came considerable kənˈsɪdərəbl | willkommen heißen
to power in 1981, it underwent a major redevelopment. The beachtlich, beträchtlich three quarters |drei Viertel
transparent pyramids of the modern Louvre Museum were built improvement |Verbesserung from abroad |aus dem Ausland
by the Chinese-American architect Ieoh Ming Pei. Their design appearance |Aussehen prominent |herausragend, berühmt
was the object of widespread disapproval, as many people felt must-see |ein Muss, muss man feature |Eigenschaft,
that they looked incongruous in the midst of so many beautiful gesehen haben Bestandteil, Einrichtung
old buildings. Nevertheless, the Louvre Museum ranks as the to come to power |an die Macht well worth sth |etw. (absolut)
world’s largest museum: in 2014, it welcomed over nine million gelangen wert sein
visitors, and three quarters of these came from abroad. One of to undergo sth |sich etw. 4 ancient |antik, altertümlich
its most prominent features is the Department of Islamic Arts. unterziehen, etw. durchmachen temple |Tempel
widespread |weitverbreitet to ascend tu əˈsend |hinaufsteigen
disapproval |Missfallen daily |täglich
Montmartre and the Sacré-Cour incongruous ɪnˈkɒŋɡruəs / to attend a mass |an einer
ɪnˈkɑːŋɡruəs |unpassend, Messe teilnehmen
Montmartre (the Mount of Martyrs) and the Sacré-Cour unvereinbar overwhelming |überwältigend
Basilica (Sacred Heart) are also well worth a visit. Montmartre in the midst of sth |inmitten to cover sth |etw. abdecken,
has been a place of worship ever since the times of the druids of (von) etw. über etw. berichten

3 4

33
 Rack Your Brain
by Katarzyna Szpotakowska

Find 10 words from the text Put the phrases in the correct
Last Orders! categories.
W B R E W E D F F T G T N B M P • What do you mean by…?
I N G R E D I E N T V R C O E W • I love being around you.
Q R R L A N D L O R D T E O Q V • I need to let my hair down.
H E R I T A G E R T Y B N Z R C • This Saturday, I’m going to chillax.
A A F C W E A R Y T Y U G E X Z • I can finally let off some steam.
P I N T Q V A R R A Y S R R T W • You’ve just made my day!
C T Y V M N U I C S T E N C H R
• Could you explain that, please?
• I want nothing else, but to laze around on a sunny beach.
X B R M B U C K E T R M O P L L
• You are like a breath of fresh air.
• You’re like sunshine on a rainy day.
• Are you saying…?
L L P O M R T E K C U B M R B X
R H C N E T S C I U N M V Y T C
W T R R S Y A R R A V Q T N I P • Could you be more specific?
Z X E G U Y T Y R A E W C F A A
C R Z N B Y T R E G A T I R E H
You need to You want to You ask for
V Q O E T D R O L D N A L R R Q
relax compliment clarification
someone
W E O C R V T N E I D E R G N I
P M B N T G T F F D E W E R B W

Answer key: 

Match the halves.

Well stand it.
I can’t done!
I need to let and thin
through thick posted
Leisure

I can finally let off envy

Green with the sun shines.
Make hay while my hair down.
Keep me some steam

envy ˈenvi | Neid, Eifersucht

Read the article What’s on the
Radio? Choose the correct word.
Over the years many shows have come and gone from the
What are the missing words? a) ......................, but some have stood the test of time. The
b) ...................... popular show in the UK has been a regular
a) Last night I drank too much b.........................
feature of Radio 4 c) ...................... 1942! Called Desert Island
b) I’m going to wet my w......................... with another pint
Discs, it’s a show where a famous person names the eight
of beer.
records (plus a book and a luxury item) they would take
c) I don’t approve of b......................... drinking.
with them to a d) ...................... island.
d) D o you like s......................... wines with bubbles?
e) W ould you pop in for a n.........................
a) airwaves, feathers, flows
f) I’ll have a whisky on the r.........................
b) more, most, furthest
c) for, from, since
to approve of sth | einer S. zustimmen, etw. billigen
d) dessert, desserts, desert
Answer key: a) booze, b) whistle, c) binge, d) sparkling, e) nightcap, f) rocks Answer key: a) airwawes, b) most, c) since, d) desert
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