Begrüßung

WORTSCHATZ
acht Eight
Amerikaner (m) American
Auf Wiedersehen Goodbye
Berlin Berlin
bitte You're welcome
Buch (n) Book
buchstabieren To spell
Bus (m) Bus
danke Thank you
Deutscher (m) German
drei Three
du You
eins One
Ferien (f) Holiday
fünf Five
groß Tall
grüßen To greet
Guten Morgen Good morning
hallo Hello
hungrig Hungry
in Ordnung Fine
ja Yes
Junge (m) Boy
klein Short
Kugelschreiber (m) Pen
Lehrerin (f) Teacher
Mädchen (n) Girl
Minute (f) Minute
Name (m) Name
nass Wet
Nett, Sie kennenzulernen Nice to meet you
neun Nine
ok OK
Schüler (m) Student
sechs Six
sieben Seven
Spanierin (f) Spanish
Stunde (f) Hour

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Touristen Tourists
vier Four
Woche (f) Week
Wochenende (n) Weekend
zehn Ten
Zeitung (f) Newspaper
zwei Two

WORTSCHATZ IM KONTEXT
Sie ist Lehrerin. She is a teacher.
Er ist ein Junge. It is a boy.
Es sind Zeitungen. They are newspapers.
Die Jungen und Mädchen sind Schüler. The boys and girls are students.
Sie ist ein Mädchen. It is a girl.
Es ist ein Buch. It is a book.
Sie sind Touristen. They are tourists.
Sie sind im Bus. They are on the bus.

WORTSCHATZ-KURS
Einheit (f) Unit
Lektion (f) Lesson
Dialog (m) Dialogue
Bild (n) Image
Vorstellung des Inhalts Showroom
Satz (m) Sentence
Alphabet (n) Alphabet
Ausdruck (m) Phrase
Einführung (f) Introduction

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SÄTZE 1
Du bist hungrig. You are hungry.
Ich bin Spanierin. I am Spanish.
Wir sind Amerikaner. We are American.

SÄTZE 2
Ich bin in Urlaub. I am on holiday.
Du bist groß. You are tall.
Ich bin klein. I am short.

NÜTZLICHE AUSDRÜCKE 1
Hallo, wie heißen Sie? Hello, what's your name?
Ich heiße Rose. My name is Rose.
Nett, Sie kennenzulernen. Nice to meet you.

NÜTZLICHE AUSDRÜCKE 2
Danke, auf Wiedersehen. Thank you, goodbye.
Wie buchstabiert man Kugelschreiber? How do you spell Kugelschreiber (pen)?
K-U-G-E -L-S-C-H-R-E -I-B- K-U-G-E-L-S-C-H-R-E-I-B-
E - R. E - R.

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GRAMMATIK

Vocabulary / Nouns
List of abbreviations
In German there are no general rules when translating the gender of nouns. It is essential to
learn the nouns and their gender from the start. To help you, the following abbreviations are
used to indicate the gender:
(m) - masculine
(f) - feminine
(n) - neuter
(m/n) - can be masculine or
neuter
(m/f) - can be masculine or
feminine
(Pl.) - noun only used in plural
It is very important to take gender into consideration as it is not only the form of the noun that
is affected, but also that of the following adjectives, articles, pronouns etc. which are related to
the noun.
In the case of plural nouns, if there are no notes to state otherwise (see corresponding
abbreviation above), they can be used in singular as well.

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Personal pronouns
The personal pronouns refer to the speaker himself (I), to the person spoken to (you) or to the
person/object spoken about (he/she/it); in other words the one who performs the action
described by the verb:

GERMAN ENGLISH
ich I
du you
er /sie /es he / she / it
wir we
ihr you
sie they

In German, in third person singular you differentiate among:

1.- masculine referring to people, animals or things with a masculine gender.
e.g. der Vater father, der Hund – dog,
der Baum – the tree (er)
2.- feminine referring to people, animals or things with a feminine gender.
e.g. die Mutter - mother, die Katze - cat,
die Blume - flower (sie)
3.- neutral, referring to people, animals or neutral gender.
e.g. das Kind - the boy, the girl,
das Tier - animal, das Auto - car (es)

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The verb “sein“

The verb sein is translated as to be, depending on how it’s used in the sentence.
It has two main functions:

1.- Function as verb:

e. g.: Ich bin Lehrer (I am a teacher)

Sie ist zuhause (She is at home)

2.- Function as a modal verb: sein is used to form the perfect and past perfect verbal
times (more details on this in a posterior unit).

GERMAN ENGLISH
ich bin I am
du bist you are
er/sie/es ist he/she/it is
wir sind we are
ihr seid you are
sie sind they are

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The use of "ss" and "ß"

There is a letter unique to the German alphabet whose appearance - ß - shouldn’t be confused
with the from the β in the Greek alphabet. It is called the "sz" or "scharfes s", which is used,
according to the rules of modern German spelling, only after long vowels or diphthongs when
dealing with the silent s. In all other cases the double s is used.
e.g.: gro ß heiß schließen drau ßen
but: Riss mu ss messen Schlo ss
However, the rules also state that where the “ ß” symbol is not available, “ss” can be used (for
example, in Switzerland the "ß" doesn’t exist and “ ss” is always used) just as "ß" is never
capitalised.
Bearing in mind that you do not have a keyboard and software adapted for the German
language, throughout the course you can use the “ss” as a substitute.

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Nouns
In German, three grammatical genders exist: masculine, feminine and neuter. There aren’t any
strict rules to define noun genders. Because of this, it is very important to learn the nouns
together with their corresponding articles.
There are four cases for the formation of German nouns:
The nominative is the case of the subject,
the corresponding question is wer? (=who?)
or was? (=what?)
The accusative or direct complement responds to wen? (=to whom?) or was? (=what?)
The dative or indirect complement responds to wem? (=to whom?)
The genitive responds to the question wessen?
(=to whom? whose?)
The formation of singular nouns is very simple. Only the masculine and neuter genitives have a
different ending, -(e)s.
Singular:
Masculine Neuter Feminine
Nominative der Mann das Kind die Frau
Accusative den Mann das Kind die Frau
Dative dem Mann dem Kind der Frau
Genitive des Manns des Kindes der Frau
The ending -es stands always with nouns ending in –s, -x, -tsch and –z and is very common
(but it doesn’t always occur) in monosyllabic nouns and in nouns ending in -sch y -st.
The short form –s is the ending for nouns with more than one syllable, nouns ending in an
unstressed syllable and nouns ending in a vowel or in a vowel + h.
Some nouns that end in -en or –n in accusative, dative and genitive are special cases. They are
primarily nouns that end in -e and nouns of Non-Germanic origin ending in -ist, -ant, -ent,
etc.
Singular:
Nominative der Junge der Student
Accusative den Jungen den Studenten
Dative dem Jungen dem Studenten
Genitive des Jungen des Studenten

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 Begrüßung

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