',<6RODU+HDWHU
7RS7LSV+RZWR%XLOGDQG8VHD6RODU$LU
+HDWHU














$OOSKRWRVXVHGLQWKLVERRNLQFOXGLQJWKHFRYHUSKRWRZHUHPDGHDYDLODEOHXQGHUD$WWULEXWLRQ
6KDUH$OLNH*HQHULFDQGVRXUFHGIURP)OLFNU

&RS\ULJKWE\WKHSXEOLVKHU$OOULJKWVUHVHUYHG
7 KLV GRFXPHQW LV JHDUHG WRZDUGV SURYLGLQJ H[DFW DQG UHOLDEOH LQIRUPDWLRQ LQ

UHJDUGV WR WKH WRSLF DQG LVVXH FRYHUHG 7KH SXEOLFDWLRQ LV VROG ZLWK WKH LGHD WKDW WKH

SXEOLVKHU LV QRW UHTXLUHG WR UHQGHU DFFRXQWLQJ RIILFLDOO\ SHUPLWWHG RU RWKHUZLVH

TXDOLILHGVHUYLFHV,IDGYLFHLVQHFHVVDU\OHJDORUSURIHVVLRQDODSUDFWLFHGLQGLYLGXDO

LQWKHSURIHVVLRQVKRXOGEHRUGHUHG

 )URP D 'HFODUDWLRQ RI 3ULQFLSOHV ZKLFK ZDV DFFHSWHG DQG DSSURYHG HTXDOO\ E\ D
&RPPLWWHH RI WKH $PHULFDQ %DU $VVRFLDWLRQ DQG D &RPPLWWHH RI 3XEOLVKHUV DQG
$VVRFLDWLRQV

,Q QR ZD\ LV LW OHJDO WR UHSURGXFH GXSOLFDWH RU WUDQVPLW DQ\ SDUW RI WKLV GRFXPHQW LQ
HLWKHU HOHFWURQLF PHDQV RU LQ SULQWHG IRUPDW 5HFRUGLQJ RI WKLV SXEOLFDWLRQ LV VWULFWO\
SURKLELWHG DQG DQ\ VWRUDJH RI WKLV GRFXPHQW LV QRW DOORZHG XQOHVV ZLWK ZULWWHQ
SHUPLVVLRQIURPWKHSXEOLVKHU$OOULJKWVUHVHUYHG

7KH LQIRUPDWLRQ SURYLGHG KHUHLQ LV VWDWHG WR EH WUXWKIXO DQG FRQVLVWHQW LQ WKDW DQ\
OLDELOLW\ LQ WHUPV RI LQDWWHQWLRQ RU RWKHUZLVH E\ DQ\ XVDJH RU DEXVH RI DQ\ SROLFLHV
SURFHVVHV RU GLUHFWLRQV FRQWDLQHG ZLWKLQ LV WKH VROLWDU\ DQG XWWHU UHVSRQVLELOLW\ RI WKH
UHFLSLHQWUHDGHU8QGHUQRFLUFXPVWDQFHVZLOODQ\OHJDOUHVSRQVLELOLW\RUEODPHEHKHOG
DJDLQVW WKH SXEOLVKHU IRU DQ\ UHSDUDWLRQ GDPDJHV RU PRQHWDU\ ORVV GXH WR WKH
LQIRUPDWLRQKHUHLQHLWKHUGLUHFWO\RULQGLUHFWO\


5HVSHFWLYHDXWKRUVRZQDOOFRS\ULJKWVQRWKHOGE\WKHSXEOLVKHU


7KHLQIRUPDWLRQKHUHLQLVRIIHUHGIRULQIRUPDWLRQDOSXUSRVHVVROHO\DQGLVXQLYHUVDODV
VR 7KH SUHVHQWDWLRQ RI WKH LQIRUPDWLRQ LV ZLWKRXW FRQWUDFW RU DQ\ W\SH RI JXDUDQWHH
DVVXUDQFH

7KH WUDGHPDUNV WKDW DUH XVHG DUH ZLWKRXW DQ\ FRQVHQW DQG WKH SXEOLFDWLRQ RI WKH
WUDGHPDUNLVZLWKRXWSHUPLVVLRQRUEDFNLQJE\WKHWUDGHPDUNRZQHU$OOWUDGHPDUNVDQG
EUDQGV ZLWKLQ WKLV ERRN DUH IRU FODULI\LQJ SXUSRVHV RQO\ DQG DUH WKH RZQHG E\ WKH
RZQHUVWKHPVHOYHVQRWDIILOLDWHGZLWKWKLVGRFXPHQW

















 7DEOHRIFRQWHQW
7DEOHRIFRQWHQW 
,QWURGXFWLRQ 
&KDSWHU%HQHILWVWR%XLOGD6RODU$LU+HDWHU 
&KDSWHU7\SHVRI6RODU$LU+HDWHUV 
&KDSWHU,PSRUWDQW&RPSRQHQWVRI6RODU+HDWHU 
&KDSWHU+RZWR%XLOGDQG8VHD6RODU$LU+HDWHU" 
&KDSWHU6FUHHQ$EVRUEHU6RODU$LU+HDWHU 
&RQFOXVLRQ 
)5((%RQXV5HPLQGHU 
,QWURGXFWLRQ


$UH\RXORRNLQJIRUWKHEHVWKHDWLQJPHFKDQLVPIRU\RXUKRXVHWKDWLVLQH[SHQVLYHDQG
HQHUJ\HIILFLHQWDQG\RXFDQGHVLJQE\\RXUVHOIDWKRPHWKHQVRODUDLUKHDWHULVRQHRIWKH
EHVWRSWLRQIRU\RX"

6XQ LV WKH VRXUFH RI VRODU HQHUJ\ ZLWKRXW LW OLYH RQ HDUWK LV QRW SRVVLEOH 7KH XVH RI
VRODU HQHUJ\ LV WDNHQ VHULRXVO\ LQ ODVW IHZ \HDUV DV LW LV D VLJQLILFDQW VRXUFH RI IUHH
HQHUJ\

8VDJH RI VRODU HQHUJ\ IRU KHDWLQJ SXUSRVHV LV PRVW VLPSOH DQG HIILFLHQW XVH 6RODU
FROOHFWRUVDUHXVHGIRUFRQYHUWLQJVRODUKHDWLQWRWKHUPDOKHDW

6RODUDLUKHDWHUVZHUHLQYHQWHGIRUXVLQJVRODUHQHUJ\HIILFLHQWO\6RODUHQHUJ\KHDWHUV
HOLPLQDWH WKH QHHG IRU FRQYHQWLRQDO KHDWLQJ GHYLFHV GXULQJ VSULQJ DQG IDOO DV ZHOO DV
UHGXFLQJWKHXVHRIWUDGLWLRQDOKHDWLQJV\VWHPVLQZLQWHUDVZHOO

7KHVRODUDLUKHDWHULVVLPSOHWRGHVLJQDQGXVH,WZRUNVRQDSDUWLFXODUPHFKDQLVP,W
LVFRVWHIILFLHQW6RODUDLUKHDWHUVZRUNRQWKHODWHVWWHFKQRORJ\,WXWLOL]HVVRODUHQHUJ\
:H JHW QDWXUDO HQHUJ\ E\ VXQOLJKW ZKLFK LV ZDVWHG DQG ZH XVH RWKHU FRQYHQWLRQDO
V\VWHPV IRU KHDWLQJ WKDW FRVWV PRUH ZKLOH WKH PDQXIDFWXUHUV RI VRODU DLU KHDWHUV
UHFRJQL]HG WKH LPSRUWDQFH RI VRODU HQHUJ\ DQG ZRUNHG RQ XWLOL]LQJ LW DQG UHGXFLQJ WKH
FRVW

$ VRODU DLU KHDWHU XVHV DFWLYH KHDWLQJ SURFHVV UDWKHU WKDQ SDVVLYH KHDWLQJ SURFHVV ,Q
SDVVLYHKHDWLQJV\VWHPVDVWUXFWXUDOPDWHULDOLVXVHGIRUKHDWDEVRUELQJZKLOHLQDFWLYH
KHDWLQJV\VWHPVRODUSDQHOVDUHXVHGIRUFROOHFWLQJVRODUHQHUJ\


7KH VRODU DLU KHDWHU GRHV QRW UHSODFH \RXU KHDWLQJ V\VWHP EXW VXSSOHPHQW LW 6RODU DLU
KHDWHUV FDQ EH PRXQWHG RQ ZDOO ZLQGRZV RU URRI ,W PXVW EH PRXQWHG ZLWK LWV IDFH
WRZDUGVVRXWKUHJLRQVRWKDWLWFDQHIILFLHQWO\DEVRUEWKHKHDW

$VPDOOXQLWFDQEHLQVWDOOHGRQWKHZLQGRZWKHUHIRUHYHQWVRUGXFWVDUHQRWUHTXLUHG
IRUDLUIORZ7KHVPDOOXQLWVGRQRWKDYHDQ\VWRUDJHIRUKHDWVRLWGRHVQRWZRUNGXULQJ
WKHQLJKWWLPH

,QWKHODUJHDLUKHDWHUV\VWHPVWKHUHDUHKHDWVLQNVDQGRWKHUPDWHULDOVWKDWZLOOFROOHFW
DQGVDYHKHDWIRUIXUWKHUXVH

,QWKHXSFRPLQJFKDSWHUV\RXZLOOJHWWRNQRZDERXWWKHEHQHILWVRIVRODUDLUKHDWHUDV
ZHOODVKRZ\RXFDQGHVLJQRQHIRU\RXUKRPHLQDQHDV\DQGVLPSOHZD\




&KDSWHU%HQHILWVWR%XLOGD6RODU$LU+HDWHU



6RODU$LU+HDWLQJ

$V WKH QDPH GHSLFWV VRODU DLU KHDWLQJ LV WKH SURFHVV LQ ZKLFK VRODU UDGLDWLRQ LV
FRQYHUWHG LQWR WKHUPDO KHDW $LU DEVRUE DQG FDUU\ WKLV WKHUPDO KHDW WR WKH ZRUNLQJ RU
OLYLQJVSDFH$LUGRHVQRWVLPSO\WUDQVIHULWWRWKHZRUNLQJVSDFHLWQHHGVDWHFKQRORJ\
DQGSURSHUPHFKDQLVPIRULW7KHWHFKQRORJ\RUPHFKDQLVPXVHGIRUWKLVWUDQVIHUHQFHLV
NQRZQDVVRODUDLUKHDWHU

,W XVHV D UHQHZDEOH VRXUFH RI HQHUJ\ ,W LV PRVWO\ XVHG IRU LQGXVWULDO DQG FRPPHUFLDO
DSSOLFDWLRQV6RODUDLUKHDWHUVDUHEXLOWXVLQJWKHODWHVWWHFKQRORJ\ZLWKGHFUHDVLQJWKH
KHDWLQJORDGVDQGIRUSURYLGLQJKHDWLWXVHVUHQHZDEOHHQHUJ\VRXUFH:KLOHWKHXVHRI
VRODUDLUKHDWHUVLVQRWZLGHVSUHDGEXWLQFUHDVLQJZLWKWLPH

6RODUUDGLDWLRQ

7KH VXQVKLQH UHDFKHV WKH HDUWK WKURXJKRXW WKH \HDU 7KH DPRXQW RI VXQVKLQH YDULHV
WKURXJKRXWWKH\HDU2QWKHEULJKWHVWGD\VWKHKHDWFROOHFWRUZLOOFROOHFWSOHQW\RIKHDW
:KLOHHYHQRQFORXG\GD\VLWZLOOFROOHFWVRODUHQHUJ\EXWLQOHVVDPRXQW

6RODUSDQHOVDEVRUEVRODUHQHUJ\LQWKUHHPHWKRGVDV

'LIIXVHG5DGLDWLRQ,WLVDVFDWWHUHGIRUPRIWKHUD\V7KHVHUD\VFRPHWRHDUWK LQ DQ
XQSDUDOOHOPDQQHU

'LUHFW5DGLDWLRQ 7KHVH UD\V DUH UHFHLYHG E\ WKH HDUWK LQ D SDUDOOHO ZD\ GLUHFW IURP
VXQ7KLVW\SHRIUDGLDWLRQFDVWVGDUNHUVKDGRZRQFOHDUGD\V

5HIOHFWHG 5DGLDWLRQ 5DGLDWLRQ LV UHIOHFWHG E\ VXUIDFH RI WKH JURXQG DQG RWKHU
EXLOGLQJV VRODU HQHUJ\ UHFHLYHG E\ WKH FROOHFWRUV 7KH FRORU WH[WXUH DQG VKDSH RI
VXUIDFHVWKDWDUHVXUURXQGLQJDIIHFWVWKHDPRXQWRIUDGLDWLRQDEVRUEHGE\WKHVXQ

$VWKHKHDWWUDYHOVIURPRQHSODFHWRDQRWKHUPXFKRIWKHKHDWLVORVW7KHGXVWYDSRU
VPRNHFRQWHQWSUHVHQWLQWKHDWPRVSKHUHDVZHOODVWKHSXULW\RIWKHDWPRVSKHUHDIIHFWV
WKH DPRXQW RI UDGLDWLRQV 7KH DQJOH RI VXQ DOVR DIIHFWV WKH DPRXQW RI UDGLDWLRQ 7KH
DPRXQWRIUDGLDWLRQUHFHLYHGE\WKHVXQLVUHGXFHGZKHQWKHVXQLVORZHULQWKHVN\


%HQHILWV
6RODU $LU +HDWHUV DUH D XVHIXO VRXUFH RI KHDW 6RODU DLU KHDWHUV GR QRW UHSODFH
FRQYHQWLRQDO KHDWLQJ V\VWHPV LW MXVW VWLPXODWHV WKH KHDWLQJ SURFHVV RI WKRVH GHYLFHV
0RVW RI WKH VRODU DLU KHDWHUV DUH ZDOO PRXQWHG WKDW PDNHV WKHP FDSWXUH D VLJQLILFDQW
DPRXQW RI VRODU UDGLDWLRQ 7KH\ XVH  OHVV FRQYHQWLRQDO KHDW DV FRPSDUHG WR RWKHU
KHDWLQJ GHYLFHV 6RPH RI WKH ZRUWK PHQWLRQLQJ EHQHILWV RI VRODU DLU KHDWHUV DUH JLYHQ
EHORZ

‡6\VWHP

7KHPHWKRGRIKHDWWUDQVIHUHQFHXVHGE\WKHVRODUDLUKHDWHUVLVTXLWHVLPSOH7KHKHDWLV
GLUHFWO\E\DLUDVLWLVSULPDU\KHDWWUDQVIHUULQJVXEVWDQFHLQVRODUDLUKHDWHUV7KHQHHG
IRU D WUDQVIHUHQFH RI KHDW IURP ZRUNLQJ IOXLG WR DQRWKHU IOXLG DV WKDW LQ RWKHU KHDWLQJ
LWHPVLVHOLPLQDWHG6RODUDLUKHDWHUVDUHHDV\WRXVH

‡(QHUJ\

,WGRHVQRWFRQVXPHHQHUJ\IURPDQ\YLUWXDOSRZHUVRXUFHDVLWXVHVWKHVXQHQHUJ\IRU
KHDWLQJ WKH KRPH ,W VDYHV HQHUJ\ DQG LQGHSHQGHQW IURP HQHUJ\ $V WKH VXQ HQHUJ\ LV
QDWXUDO6XQLVWKHEHVWVRXUFHRIHQHUJ\DQGLWVHQHUJ\PXVWEHXWLOL]HGVRODUDLUKHDWHU
LVXWLOL]LQJLWVHQHUJ\UDWKHUWKDQXVLQJDQ\RWKHUVRXUFH

‡6DIHW\

,WLVVDIHWRXVHDVHYHQWKHDLUOHDNVRXWLWGRHVQRWIUHH]HRXW\RXUKRPH$VIUHH]LQJ
FDQFDXVHGDPDJHWR\RXUSODFHLWSUHYHQWVWKDW

‡&RVW

6RODU DLU KHDWHUV QRW RQO\ VDYH HQHUJ\ EXW LW DOVR VDYHV \RXU PRQH\ $V WUDGLWLRQDO
KHDWLQJV\VWHPVIRUKRXVHFRVWDORW<RXKDYHWRSD\WKHHQHUJ\ELOOVDVZHOOIRUKHDWLQJ
\RXUKRPHZKLOHRQRWKHUKDQGVRODUDLUKHDWHUVXVHQDWXUDOHQHUJ\VDYLQJFRVW7KHFRVW
RI D FRQYHQWLRQDO KHDWLQJ V\VWHP LV LQFUHDVLQJ GD\ E\ GD\ $ WUDGLWLRQDO DLU KHDWLQJ
V\VWHPFDQFRVWXSWRSHUDQQXP6RODUDLUKHDWHUVDUHVLPSOHDQGFKHDSWRGHVLJQ
:HOOWKHH[DFWDPRXQWRIWKHFRVWWKDWLWVDYHVGLIIHUVDVWKHFOLPDWHLVGLIIHUHQWIURPRQH
DUHWRDQRWKHU

‡(QYLURQPHQW

&RQYHQWLRQDO KHDWLQJ V\VWHPV FDXVH GDPDJH WR WKH HQYLURQPHQW DV ZHOO DV WKH\
GLVFKDUJH &2 LQ WKH KLJK TXDQWLW\ WKDW FDQ FDXVH FOLPDWH FKDQJH 7KH PHWKRGV OLNH
SURFHVVLQJ0LQLQJKDUYHVWLQJEXUQLQJIRVVLOIXHOVWUDQVSRUWLQJDQGRWKHUIXHOVXVHGIRU
KHDWLQJFDQFDXVHGUDVWLFFKDQJHVLQ\RXUHQYLURQPHQWOHDGLQJLWWRJOREDOZDUPLQJWKDW
KDV DGYHUVH HIIHFWV RQ OLYLQJ EHLQJV 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG VRODU DLU KHDWHUV GR QRW HPLW
&2WKDWVDYHVRXUHQYLURQPHQW

‡+HDOWKEHQHILWV
'XULQJZLQWHUPDQ\XUEDQDQGUXUDODUHDVIDFHVPRJDVDUHVXOWRIEXUQLQJIXHOVIRUWKH
SXUSRVH RI KHDWLQJ 6PRJ DQG RWKHU VLPLODU DLU SROOXWLRQ LVVXHV FDQ FDXVH EUHDWKLQJ
SUREOHPVLQFUHDVHLQDVWKPDDWWDFNVDQGDOVRDIIHFWWKHGHYHORSLQJIHWXV$LUSROOXWLRQ
LV UHVSRQVLEOH IRU KXQGUHGV RI GHDWKV SHU \HDU ZKHUHDV VRODU DLU KHDWHUV HOLPLQDWH
GDQJHUWRKHDOWKE\UHPRYLQJVPRJDQGQRWLQFUHDVLQJDLUSROOXWLRQ

‡$XWRPDWLF

6RODUDLUKHDWHUVDUHDXWRPDWLF<RXGRQRWQHHGWRWXUQWKHPRQDQGRIIHYHU\WLPH,W
DXWRPDWLFDOO\WXUQVRQGXULQJFROGZHDWKHUDQGZKHQDVLJQLILFDQWKHDWLVWUDQVIHUUHGWR
WKHZRUNLQJVSDFHLWWXUQVRIIDXWRPDWLFDOO\

‡/LIHVSDQ

6RODU DLU KHDWHUV FDQ OLYH IRU DOPRVW PRUH WKDQ  WR  \HDUV ZLWKRXW QHHGLQJ DQ\
DGGLWLRQDOPDLQWHQDQFH2QFH\RXLQVWDOOHGLWIRUJHWDERXWPDLQWDLQIURPWLPHWRWLPH,W
ZRUNVIRUPDQ\\HDUVHIILFLHQWO\

‡$YDLODELOLW\

0RVWRIWKHDUHDRIWKHHDUWKLVH[SRVHGWRWKHVXQOLJKWDQGUHFHLYHVDVLJQLILFDQWDPRXQW
RI VXQOLJKW WKDW FDQ EH XVHG IRU HQHUJ\ SXUSRVH 7KHUHIRUH XVLQJ VRODU DLU KHDWHU LV
EHQHILFLDODV\RXZLOOODFNWKHHQHUJ\

‡1RWUDQVSRUWDWLRQFRVWRIIXHOV
6RODUHQHUJ\LVUHFHLYHGDQGWUDQVSRUWHGWRDOPRVWDOOWKHDUHDRI(DUWK\RXGRQRWQHHG
IXHO IRU WUDQVSRUWLQJ LW IURP RQH SODFH WR DQRWKHU  %\ HOLPLQDWLQJ WKH FRVW RI
WUDQVSRUWDWLRQIXHOWKHRYHUDOOFRVWGHFUHDVHV

‡*UHDWIRUKRXVHKROGXVH

6RODUHQHUJ\LVDXVHIXOIRUKRXVHKROGSXUSRVH7KHDPRXQWRIKHDWRUOLJKWWKDWLVIDOOLQJ
RQDVLQJOHKRXVHLVHQRXJKIRUIXOILOOLQJWKHKHDWLQJQHHGVRIWKDWVSHFLILFKRXVH

‡=HURGHSHQGHQFHRQWKHIRVVLOIXHOV

6RODUDLUKHDWHUVE\XVLQJVRODUHQHUJ\UHGXFHVWKHGHSHQGHQFHRYHUWKHIRVVLOIXHOVDVD
UHVXOWUHGXFLQJWKHLUXVH)RVVLOIXHOVFDQFDXVHDLUSROOXWLRQDVZHOODVLQFUHDVHLQFRVW
WKDWLVEDODQFHGZKHQXVLQJVRODUHQHUJ\

$V VRODU DLU KHDWHUV KDYH PDQ\ DGYDQWDJHV RYHU WKH FRQYHQWLRQDO KHDWLQJ GHYLFHV DV
PHQWLRQHGHDUOLHU7KHEHQHILWVDUHLQFUHDVLQJWKHXVHRIVRODUDLUKHDWHURYHUWLPH


&KDSWHU7\SHVRI6RODU$LU+HDWHUV


6RODUDLUKHDWHUVDUHGLYLGHGLQWRYDULRXVW\SHVRQWKHEDVLVRI

‡$EVRUEHU

‡&ROOHFWRUV
2QWKHEDVLVRIDEVRUEHUVVRODUDLUKHDWHUVDUHGLYLGHGLQWRWZRW\SHV

 3RURXVVRODUDLUKHDWHU
 1RQSRURXVVRODUDLUKHDWHU

 3RURXVVRODUDLUKHDWHU

$ SRURXV DLU KHDWHU FRQWDLQV H[SDQGHG SODWH DQG D VOLW WKDW DUH RYHUODSSLQJ WKH JODVV
SODWHDEVRUEHU$VHSDUDWHSDVVDJHLVXVHGIRUDLUIORZ$LUVORZVLQWKHPLGGOHRIWKH
VRODUDLUKHDWHUDQGEHORZWKHDLUSODWH

,Q SRURXV VRODU DLU KHDWHUV WKH ORVV RI UDGLDWLRQ LV UHGXFHG 6RODU UDGLDWLRQ LQ SRURXV
SHQHWUDWHVWRDFRQVLGHUDEOHGHSWKDQGDOVRDEVRUEHGWRWKDWH[WHQW7KHGURSRISUHVVXUH
LQSRURXVLVORZHU

3RURXV VRODU DLU KHDWHU KDV RSWLPXP SODWH WKLFNQHVV HTXDO WR  P ,I WKH ULJKW
WKLFNQHVVRIWKHSODWHLVQRWXVHGLQLWFDQGHFUHDVHWKHHIILFLHQF\RIWKHVRODUKHDWHU


 1RQSRURXVVRODUDLUKHDWHU
,QQRQSRURXVVRODUDLUKHDWHUDLUIORZVDERYHRUEHKLQGWKHSODWHRIWKHKHDWHU,QWKLV
W\SH QR VHSDUDWH SDVVDJH LV LQVWDOOHG IRU IORZLQJ RI DLU $V WKH DLU IORZ DERYH WKH
DEVRUEHULQQRQSRURXVWKHUHIRUHWKHFRYHURIWKHKHDWHUUHFHLYHVPXFKRIWKHKHDWDQG
ORVV WKLV KHDW WR WKH DPELHQW $V WKHUH LV PRUH ORVV RI KHDW LQ WKLV VRODU DLU KHDWHU
WKHUHIRUHLWLVQRWWKHEHVWFKRLFH

,QVRPHRIWKHQRQSRURXVVRODUDLUKHDWHUDLUIORZVIRUPEHORZWKHDEVRUEHUSODWHWKDW
GHFUHDVHVWKHORVVRIKHDW,WLVFRPPRQO\XVHGW\SHRIQRQSRURXVKHDWHU,QVRPHRIWKH
QRQSRURXVDLUKHDWHUVDLUVWUHDPLQJSURFHVVLVXVHGIRUFRROLQJRIWKHDEVRUEHUSODWH

$VWKHWUDQVIHURIKHDWDQGIORZLQJRIDLULQWKLVW\SHLVORZLWGHFUHDVHVWKHHIILFLHQF\
RIWKHDLUKHDWHU<RXFDQPDNHWKHSHUIRUPDQFHEHWWHUE\XVLQJYHHFRUUXJDWHGSODWHDV
DEVRUEHU SODWH RU E\ URXJKLQJ WKH DEVRUEHU SODWH $LU WUDQVIHU FDQ EH PDGH EHWWHU E\
LQGXFLQJWXUEXOHQFHLQWKHDLUIORZ

,QWHUPVRIFROOHFWRUVVRODUDLUKHDWHUVDUHGLYLGHGLQWRWZRW\SHV

8QJOD]HGDLUFROOHFWRUV

*OD]HGDLUFROOHFWRUV

 8QJOD]HGDLUFROOHFWRUV


,WUHIHUVWRWKHKHDWLQJV\VWHPLQZKLFKWKHDEVRUEHULVZLWKRXWDQ\JOD]LQJRYHULWVWRS
7KHVHDLUFROOHFWRUVXVHRXWVLGHDLUUDWKHUWKDQFLUFXODWLQJWKHLQVLGHDLU2QHRIWKHPRVW
FRPPRQ W\SHV RI XQJOD]HG DLU FROOHFWRU LV WUDQVSLUHG VRODU FROOHFWRU 7UDQVSLUHG VRODU
FROOHFWRUV DUH PRXQWHG RQ WKH ZDOO WKDW KHOSV LQ FDSWXULQJ VXQ KHDW DW D ORZHU DQJOH
GXULQJZLQWHU$VDUHVXOWLQFUHDVLQJLWVSHUIRUPDQFH,QWKLVW\SHRIDLUFROOHFWRUVDLU
IORZVDWWKHUDWHRIDQG&)0SHUVTXDUHIRRWRIDFROOHFWRUURRP

7KHH[WHULRUVXUIDFHRIWKHWUDQVSLUHGVRODUFROOHFWRUFRQVLVWVRIWLQ\PLFURSHUIRUDWLRQV
7KHVHPLFURSHUIRUDWLRQVFDSWXUHKHDWDQGGLVWULEXWHLWXQLIRUPO\LQWKHLQVLGHFDYLW\,Q
WUDQVSLUHG DLU FROOHFWRUV WKH KHDWLQJ ORDG LV GHFUHDVHG WR  DV FRPSDUHG WR WKH
FRQYHQWLRQDOKHDWLQJV\VWHP7KHXQJOD]HGDLUFROOHFWRUVFDQDOVREHURRIPRXQWHG

 *OD]HGDLUFROOHFWRUV


,WKDVWKHVDPHPHFKDQLVPDVWKDWRIWUDGLWLRQDODLUIXUQDFH,QJOD]HGDLUFROOHFWRUVKHDW
LVSURYLGHGE\UHFLUFXODWLQJDLULQWKHURRP,WLVDVLPSOHDLUFROOHFWRUWKDWFROOHFWVVXQ
HQHUJ\DQGFRQGLWLRQLW

$VLPSOHJOD]HGDLUFROOHFWRUKDVDQDEVRUEHUPDWHULDOWKDWFDSWXUHVKHDWIURPWKHVXQ
DQGWUDQVIHUVLWWRDLUXVLQJFRQGXFWLRQKHDWWUDQVIHU7KHKHDWHGDLULVWUDQVIHUUHGWRWKH
URRPDQGXWLOL]HGLWIRUKHDWLQJRIWKDWVSHFLILFVSDFH

6L]HRIVRODUFROOHFWRUV

7KH ELJJHU WKH VL]H RI WKH VRODU FROOHFWRU WKDW PXFK HIILFLHQW LW ZLOO EH 0DQ\ RI WKH
EXLOGLQJORVHVDODUJHDPRXQWRIKHDWWKDWFDQEHUHGXFHGE\LQVWDOOLQJDELJFROOHFWRU
(YHQ GXULQJ FORXG\ GD\V \RXU ODUJH FROOHFWRU KDV VRPH KHDW VWRUHG LQ LW LW GRHV QRW
PHDQWKDW\RXUFROOHFWRUZLOOEHRYHUKHDWHGDV\RXFDQFORVHWKHXSSHUYHQWV

(IILFLHQF\RIVRODUDLUKHDWHU

(IILFLHQF\RIWKHVRODUDLUKHDWHUVLVDWWKHKLJKHVWSRLQWZKHQDWHPSHUDWXUHRIWKHDLU
WKDWHQWHUVLQWRDVRODUSDQHOLVHTXDOWRWKHDPELHQWWHPSHUDWXUH

,QVSDFHGHVLJQHGIRUKHDWLQJWKHDLUWKDWHQWHUVVRODUSDQHOLVUHWXUQHGIRUKHDWLQJWKH
URRP,QZLQWHUVWKHHQHUJ\PD\QRWEHVXIILFLHQWWKHHIILFLHQF\LVUHGXFHG:KLOHDQ\
GXULQJDQ\KHDWJDLQWKHULVHLQWZRRUWKUHHGHJUHHVFDQLQFUHDVHWKHDPRXQWRIHQHUJ\
KHQFHLQFUHDVLQJWKHHIILFLHQF\RIVRODUDLUKHDWHUV

3HUIRUPDQFHH[DPSOH

$VJLYHQLQWKHWDEOHEHORZVXSSRVH
7KH6RODUUDGLDWLRQ :P

7KHWHPSHUDWXUHRXWVLGHWKHSODQW ƒ&

7KHDLUWHPSHUDWXUHRISODQW ƒ&

6RODUSDQHOVUHFLUFXODWHWKHDLURIWKHSODQW

;D[LVLQWHUFHSW 

+HQFHWKHHIILFLHQF\RIWKHVRODUDLUKHDWHULVIRUDLUUHFLUFXODWLRQIURPJUDSK

:KLOHWKHDLUYHQWLODWLRQRXWVLGHWKHSODQW

;D[LVLQWHUFHSW 

+HQFHWKHHIILFLHQF\RIWKHVRODUDLUKHDWHULVIRURXWVLGHYHQWLODWLRQIURPJUDSK

'LVDGYDQWDJHVRIVRODUDLUKHDWHUV

‡7KHVRODUDLUKHDWHUVDUHQRWVXLWDEOHIRUVXPPHUVHDVRQRUGXULQJFORXG\GD\V
DVWKHUHLVOHVVDPRXQWRIVXQOLJKWWKDWZLOOKDYHHIIHFWRQWKHHIILFLHQF\RI\RXU
KHDWLQJGHYLFH

‡$VLWKDVORZGHQVLW\LWFDQQRWKDQGOHDODUJHDPRXQWRIDLU

‡,I\RXUVRODUDLUKHDWHULVQRWGHVLJQHGSHUIHFWO\\RXUFRVWFDQLQFUHDVH


&KDSWHU,PSRUWDQW&RPSRQHQWVRI6RODU+HDWHU



:RUNLQJRI6RODU$LU+HDWHU

7KH SDQHOV RI WKH DLU FROOHFWRU KDYH LQVWDOOHG QHDU WKH ZDOO ZLWK VHYHUDO LQFKHV DZD\
IURPLWDQGFUHDWHDQGDLUFDYLW\:KHQPHWDOFODGGLQJUHFHLYHVKHDWIURPWKHVXQDQG
KHDWLVDEVRUEHGE\WKHSHUIRUDWLRQVRQWKHH[WHULRUVXUIDFHRIWKHSDQHO$VDUHVXOWWKH
IDQVFUHDWHQHJDWLYHSUHVVXUHLQWKHFDYLW\

7KHPDQXIDFWXULQJGHVLJQDQGHTXLSPHQWXVHGIRUSDQHODQGIUDPHERWKFRQWUROWKHUDWLR
RI DLUIORZ E\ WKH SDQHO SHUIRUDWLRQV 7KLV PDLQWDLQV WKDW FRROHU DLU GRHV QRW FRPH LQ
FRQWDFWZLWKWKHDLUVWUHDPDQGNHHSDFRQVLVWHQWDLUGUDZQDORQJWKHVXUIDFH

7KHDLUFROOHFWHGLVWDNHQRIIIURPWKHWRSRIWKHZDOODQGFROOHFWVDOORIWKHVRODUKHDW
WKDW LV SURGXFHG 7KH KHDWHG HQHUJ\ LV WKHQ GXFWHG LQ WKH EXLOGLQJ DQG LV FRQQHFWHG WR
+9$& LQWDNH 7KH DLU WKDW LV HQWHUHG WKURXJK WKH DLU KDQGOH LV KHDWHG IURP 
GHJUHHV)DKUHQKHLW,WUHGXFHVDORDGRIHQHUJ\RQDWUDGLWLRQDOKHDWHU'XULQJVXPPHUV
RUZDUPGD\WKHFRQYHQWLRQDOKHDWLQJZRXOGQRWEHUHTXLUHGGXULQJWKHGD\WLPH7KLV
TXDOLW\PDNHVLWVXLWDEOHIRULQGXVWULDOXVHDVPRVWRIWKHVHEXLOGLQJVDUHXWLOL]HGGXULQJ
WKHGD\WLPH7KHFROOHFWHGVRODUKHDWLVWKHQGLVWULEXWHGLQWRWKHURRP

:KHQ\RXGRQRWZDQWWRLQVWDOOH[WHULRUFODGGLQJRUZDQWWRLQFUHDVHYHQWLODWLRQLQWKH
FKDPEHUVRODUDLUKHDWHUVDUHKHOSIXOIRUWKLVSXUSRVHDVZHOO


'HVLJQEDVLFV

7KHUH DUH VRPH RI WKH FRPPRQ IHDWXUHV DQG FRPSRQHQWV WKDW DUH IRXQG LQ DOPRVW DOO
PRGHOVRIWKHVRODUDLUKHDWHU0RVWRIWKHVRODUDLUKHDWHUKDYHIUDPHHTXDOWRƍ[ƍ
ZKLOH\RXFDQFKDQJHWKHVL]HGHSHQGLQJRQ\RXUQHHGDQGVSDFH\RXKDYH

6RPHRIWKHVWDQGDUGFRPSRQHQWVWKDWVRODUDLUKHDWHUVFRQWDLQDUH

)UDPH 7KH IUDPH LV WKH FHQWUDO SDUW RI VRODU DLU KHDWHUV DOO WKH VRODU SDQHOV DUH
LQVWDOOHGZLWKLQWKHIUDPH7KHIUDPHKROGVWKHVRODUSDQHOVDQGSURYLGHVSURWHFWLRQWR
WKHP$VWDQGDUGVRODUDLUKHDWHUIUDPHLVPDGHXSRI[RU[OXPEHU7KHLQWHULRU
GHSWKRIWKHIUDPHLVHTXDOWRWRLQFKHV<RXFDQFKDQJHWKHGHSWKDQGGLPHQVLRQVRI
WKHIUDPHGHSHQGLQJRQ\RXUQHHGV


,QVXODWHG %DFN 0RVW RI WKH KHDW LV ZDVWHG IURP WKH EDFN RI WKH VRODU DLU KHDWHU
7KHUHIRUHEDFNRIWKHVRODUDLUKHDWHULVLQVXODWHG3RO\LVRF\DQXUDWHLQWRLQFKHVLV
UHFRPPHQGHG 3RO\LVRF\DQXUDWH LV D WKHUPRVHW SODVWLF WKDW FRYHUV WKH KHDW 7KH VLGH
LQVXODWLRQLVPRUHLPSRUWDQWWKDQEDFNLQVXODWLRQ

0DWWH %ODFN ,QWHULRU 7KH LQWHULRU VXUIDFHV RI WKH VRODU DLU KHDWHU PXVW EH JUHDW
DEVRUEHQWRIKHDWIRUWKDWSXUSRVHDOOWKHLQWHULRUVXUIDFHVDUHSDLQWHGZLWKKHDWWROHUDQW
LQPDWWHEODFNSDLQW0DWWHEODFNSDLQWDEVRUEVWKHPRVWKHDWIURPWKHVXQ

6RODUDEVRUEHU $ VRODU DEVRUEHU LV WKH PDLQ FRPSRQHQW RI WKH VRODU DLU KHDWHU 7KH
VRODUDEVRUEHUFROOHFWVWKHKHDWDQGWUDQVIHUVLWWRWKHDUHDWKURXJKKHDWHGVXUIDFHV

$LU LQWDNHRXWOHW 7KH FRROLQJ DLU HQWHUV LQ WKH XQLW KHDW LV SLFNHG E\ WKH DEVRUEHU
$IWHUDEVRUELQJKHDWDLUH[LWVIURPWKHWRSRIWKHSUHPLVHV7KHSURFHVVRIDLULQWDNLQJ
DQGH[LWLVVRPHWLPHVGRQHQDWXUDOO\RUDIDQLVXVHGWKDWLVWKHUPRVWDWLFDOO\FRQWUROOHG

*OD]LQJ 7KH IURQW RI WKH VRODU DLU KHDWHU LV VHDOHG E\ XVLQJ DQ H[SOLFLW PDWHULDO WKDW
DOORZV WKH VXQOLJKW WR EH DEVRUEHG E\ WKH VRODU DEVRUEHU DQG LQFUHDVH WKH LQWHULRU
WHPSHUDWXUH 7KH FRQYHQWLRQDO PDWHULDOV XVHG IRU JOD]LQJ DUH SRO\FDUERQDWH WHPSHUHG
JODVVRUDFU\OLF

&ROOHFWRU7KHFROOHFWRUSOD\VDVLJQLILFDQWUROHLQVRODUDLUKHDWHUV&ROOHFWRUVDEVRUE
UDGLDWLRQIURPWKHVXQDQGFRQYHUWLWLQWRWKHUPDOKHDW

&ROOHFWRUDQJOH

0DQ\RIWKHVRODUDLUKHDWHUGHVLJQHUVVXJJHVWWKDWWKHSHUVSHFWLYHRIWKHKHDWHUFROOHFWRU
PXVW EH PRUH WKDQ ƒ WR ƒ :KHQ WKH FROOHFWRUV DUH LQVWDOOHG DW D VORSH WKH\ ZLOO
DEVRUE PD[LPXP UDGLDWLRQ 7KH FROOHFWRUV WKDW SODFHG DW VORSH DUH EHWWHU WKDQ WKH
FROOHFWRUVWKDWDUHYHUWLFDOO\PRXQWHG

‡    7KH LQVWDOODWLRQ FRVW RI WKH VORSHG FROOHFWRU LV OHVV WKDQ WKDW RI WKH YHUWLFDO
FROOHFWRU

‡7KHYHUWLFDOFROOHFWRUVDEVRUEOHVVKHDWDVFRPSDUHGWRWKHVORSHG

‡7KHZLQGORDGVDUHQRWDGGHGWRYHUWLFDOFROOHFWRUV
 

&KDSWHU+RZWR%XLOGDQG8VHD6RODU$LU+HDWHU"



%XLOGLQJ DQG XVLQJ VRODU DLU KHDWHU LV HDV\ DQG VLPSOH EXW LW QHHGV VRPH EDVLF
NQRZOHGJHWKDWZLOOKHOS\RXLQXQGHUVWDQGLQJWKHXVHRIVRODUDLUKHDWHU6RPHRIWKH
EDVLFWLSVIRUEXLOGLQJVRODUDLUKHDWHUDUHDVXQGHU

 )LUVWRIDOOPHDVXUHWKHOHQJWKRIWKHVRXWKZDOORI\RXUKRXVH7KLVPHDVXUHPHQW
ZLOOWHOO\RXDERXWKRZZLOO\RXDGMXVWWKHFROOHFWRU
 :KLOHPHDVXULQJSD\DWWHQWLRQWRWKHVSDFLQJRIVWXGDQGKHLJKWRIWKHZDOO

 $IWHUPHDVXULQJH[SHQGWKHYHQWV

 /HDYH HQRXJK VSDFH EHWZHHQ ZDOO DQG YHQW IRU YHUWLFDO IUDPH WKDW ZRXOG EH
LQVWDOOHGDZD\IURPWKHVWXGV

 $IWHUOD\LQJRXWYHQWODJVFUHZWKHPIURPLQVLGHRIWKHEXLOGLQJ

 )RU SURSHU LQVWDOODWLRQ RI HOHFWULF ZLUHV PDUN WKH ORFDWLRQ RI WKH YHQW IURP
LQVLGHDQGRXWVLGHRIWKHEXLOGLQJ

 $IWHUPDUNLQJWKHORFDWLRQFXWWKHYHQW&XWWKHWRSRIWKHYHQWE\DWOHDVWLQFK
DQG FXW EDFN LQ VXFK D PDQQHU WKDW LW LV VDW VORSH RI  GHJUHH WKDW ZLOO KHOS
GXULQJUDLQ

 &XWWKHYHUWLFDOVLQVXFKDQDQJOHWKDWLWPDWFKHVZLWKWKHVORSH$IWHUFXWWLQJOLQH
WKHPDQGIRUVXSSRUWLQJJOD]HFXWWZRQRWFKHVKRUL]RQWDOO\HTXDOWRLQFKHDFK

 $IWHU\RXDUHGRQHZLWKFXWWLQJSDLQWDQGSULPHHYHU\WKLQJ3DLQWLQWKHLQWHULRU
LQ GDUN FRORU VR WKDW LW FDQ DEVRUE PRUH KHDW 7KH FROOHFWRU VFUHHQ ZLOO VKRZ
VRPHRIWKLVFRORUWKHUHIRUHXVHVXFKFRORUWKDWILWVZLWK\RXUFUHDWLYLW\

 $IWHU WKH SDLQW LV GULHG WDNH YHUWLFDOV DQG PRXQW WKHP WR WKH VLGLQJ WKDW ZLOO
VXSSRUWLW,IWKHVLGLQJLVQRWDEOHWRKROGWKHZHLJKWRIWKHYHUWLFDOVPDNHVXUH
WKDW\RXXVHVWURQJDQGODUJHODJVFUHZVIURPRXWVLGHDVZHOO
 0DNH VXUH WKDW HYHU\WKLQJ \RX VFUHZ PXVW EH VWUDLJKW DQG LQ OLQH $WWDFK WKH
ERWWRPDQGWRSEHDPV

 <RXFDQDOVRSODFHDPHWDOVKHHWDERYHLWIRUVDYLQJLWIURPUDLQ8VHVLOLFRQH
FDXON IRU VHDOLQJ WKH IUDPH RI FROOHFWRU 0RXQW LW WLJKW DQG LQVWDOO WKH ZLQGRZ
VFUHHQDEVRUEHURYHULW)ROGDQGZUDSWKHFRUQHURIWKHVFUHHQ

 1RZ VWDUW FRQVWUXFWLQJ JOD]LQJ SDQHOV HTXDO WR E\ IRRW IRU PDNLQJ LW MRLQ
SDLUV RI FRUUXJDWHG SDQHOV HTXDO WR LQFKE\ IRRW 8VH RQH FRUUXJDWLRQ IRU
RYHUODSSLQJSDQHOVE\DSSO\LQJVLOLFRQHFDXONEHWZHHQWKHVKHHWV

 6WUHQJWKHQ WKH MRLQW EHWZHHQ WZR RYHUODSSLQJ VKHHWV E\ XVLQJ LQFKORQJ
ZRRGHQ VWULSV IURP LQVLGH DQG XVH VFUHZV IRU UHLQIRUFLQJ MRLQWV WKDW FRQWDLQV
ZDVKHUVPDGHXSRI(3'0(3'0LVDUXEEHUPDWHULDOWKDWLVQRWVHQVLWLYHWR
WHPSHUDWXUHRUZHDWKHUFKDQJHV

 1RZ LQVWDOO WKH VWULSV FUHDWHG IRU VXSSRUWLQJ JOD]H LQ WKH VSDFH FUHDWHG RQ WKH
FROOHFWRU IUDPHV 7KH VXUIDFH RI WKH IUDPH DQG VXUIDFH RI WKH VWULSV PXVW VLW
VWUDLJKWWRHDFKRWKHU

 'R DOO WKH FDXONLQJ FOHDQXS RU DQ\ RWKHU WKLQJ \RX ZDQW WR GR LQVLGH WKH
FROOHFWRUIUDPHDVDIWHULQVWDOOLQJWKHJOD]LQJ\RXZLOOQRWEHDEOHWRUHDFKWKH
IUDPH

 1RZLQVWDOOWKHJOD]LQJSDQHOV

 ,QVWDOOWKHVWULSVIRUVHDOLQJWKDWZLOOILWLQWRSDQGERWWRPEHDPV

 2QILUVWVHWRIWKHYHUWLFDOVPRYHWKHFDXONEHDGVDQGLQVWDOOILUVWJOD]LQJSDQHO
8VHVFUHZVZLWK(3'0ZDVKHUVIRUIDVWHQLQJWKHSDQHOV

 5HSHDW WKLV VWHS DQG RYHUOD\ DOO WKH JOD]LQJ SDQHOV 8VH FDXON IRU RYHUODSSLQJ
DQRWKHUSDQHORQWKHSUHYLRXVRQHE\XVLQJFRUUXJDWLRQE\




6RODUDLUKHDWHUVXVHV

7KHVRODUDLUKHDWHUVFDQEHXVHGIRUVHYHUDOSXUSRVHV6RPHRIZKLFKDUHJLYHQXQGHU




+HDWLQJ

6RODUDLUKHDWHUVDUHXVHGLQUHVLGHQWLDODQGFRPPHUFLDODUHDVIRUKHDWLQJRIWKHVSDFH
7KLVLVWKHPDLQSXUSRVHRILQVWDOODWLRQRIVRODUDLUKHDWHU6RODUDLUKHDWHUVDEVRUEWKH
KHDWDQGDLUIURPRXWVLGH$IWHUDEVRUSWLRQDLULVSDVVHGWKURXJKWKHFROOHFWRUDQGJHWV
ZDUPDIWHUZKLFKLWLVVXSSOLHGWRWKHURRP


3URFHVVKHDW

6RODUDLUKHDWHUVDUHDOVRXVHGIRUGU\LQJRIFURSVODXQGU\DQGRWKHUWKLQJV,WUHGXFHV
WKHPRLVWXUHRIWKHLWHPE\DEVRUELQJDLUWKDWLVKHDWHGDQGWKHQSDVVHGWRWKHWKLQJWKDW
QHHGWREHGULHG$VDGU\LQJDSSOLFDWLRQVRODUDLUKHDWHUVDOVRZRUNHIILFLHQWO\


&RROLQJ

0DQ\RIWKHVRODUDLUKHDWHUVDUHDOVRXVHGIRUFRROLQJWKHKRPHV,WWUDQVIHUVWKHFRRO
DLUGXULQJWKHHYHQLQJRUQLJKWWLPHIURPRXWVLGHWRLQVLGHRIWKHKRPH7KHFRRODLULV
FROOHFWHGDQGWKHQWUDQVIHUUHGWRWKHVSDFHDVDUHVXOWORZHULQJGRZQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHRI
URRP

9HQWLODWLRQ

6RODUDLUKHDWHUVDUHDOVRXVHGIRUYHQWLODWLRQSXUSRVHVDVLWDEVRUEVWKHIUHVKDLUDQG
WUDQVIHULWWRWKHURRP,WDOVRUHGXFHVWKHKHDWLQJORDG


)LOWUDWLRQ

7KH DLU WUDQVIHUUHG WR WKH VSDFH IURP RXWVLGH LV IUHH IURP GXVW SROOHQ DQG RWKHU
SDUWLFOHV7KHDLUHQWHUVLQWKHURRPLQDPHWKRGWKDWLVFRQWUROOHGDQGRQO\WUDQVIHUWKH
ILOWHUHGDLUDVFRPSDUHGWRWKHDLUWKDWLVHQWHUHGE\WKHZLQGRZVRUGRRUV

$SSOLFDWLRQVRIVRODUDLUKHDWHU

7KHKHDWSURGXFHGE\WKHVRODUDLUKHDWHUFDQEHXVHGIRUVHYHUDOSXUSRVHVWKDWDUHJLYHQ
DVXQGHU

‡,QGXVWULDOSXUSRVH

,WLVKHDWLQJIRUVSDFHOLNHIDFWRULHVZDUHKRXVHVHWF,WLVDOVRXVHGLQGXVWULHVIRUGU\LQJ
RIFRDOSDSHUPLQHUDOVEULFNVDQGIRRGLQGXVWU\SURGXFWV'U\LQJRIWKHEURZQFRDOLV
YHU\LPSRUWDQWIRUWKHLQGXVWULHV
‡$JULFXOWXUDOSXUSRVHV

,QDJULFXOWXUHVHFWRUVRODUDLUKHDWHUVDUHXVHGIRUKHDWLQJZDUHKRXVHVDQLPDOIDUPVDQG
JUHHQKRXVHV 6RODU DLU KHDWHUV DUH XVHG IRU GU\LQJ FURS OLNH IUXLW  JUDLQV PHDW DQG
YHJHWDEOHV<RXFDQJHWEHQHILWIURPVRODUDLUKHDWHUVFDQEHREWDLQHGE\KDUYHVWLQJ\RXU
FURSVHDUO\DQGXVHVRODUKHDWIRUGU\LQJLWDQGSURWHFWLWIURPPLOGHZURGHQWVHWF$IWHU
GU\LQJ\RXFDQJHWVSDFHIRUVHFRQGEDWFKRIFURSV

‡+RXVHKROGSXUSRVHV
,Q UHVLGHQWLDO DSSOLFDWLRQV VRODU DLU KHDWHUV FDQ EH XVHG IRU KHDWLQJ DQG FRROLQJ
SXUSRVH,WFDQDOVREHXVHGIRUDLUYHQWLODWLRQDQGDLUILOWUDWLRQLQ\RXUKRPHV

‡&RPPXQLW\DQGFRPPHUFLDOSXUSRVHV

)RU FRPPHUFLDO SXUSRVH LW FDQ EH XVHG IRU KHDWLQJ RIILFH EXLOGLQJV VKRSSLQJ FHQWHUV
DQGSXEOLFEXLOGLQJV

‡&DPSRUFDPSLQJSXUSRVHV
)RU FDPSLQJ SXUSRVH LW FDQ EH XVHG IRU KHDWLQJ XS PLOLWDU\ FDPSV HPHUJHQF\ UHOLHI
FDPSVRUUHFUHDWLRQDOFDPSLQJ




&KDSWHU6FUHHQ$EVRUEHU6RODU$LU+HDWHU




7KH VRODU DLU KHDWHUV ZLWK WKH VFUHHQ DUH HDV\ DQG LQH[SHQVLYH WR PDNH 7KH VRODU DLU
KHDWHUVZLWKVFUHHQDOORZFRQWDFWZLWKDODUJHVXUIDFHIRUWUDQVIHURIKHDW7KHDLUIORZ
UHVLVWDQFHLQWKHVFUHHQDEVRUEHUVVRODUDLUKHDWHULVTXLWHORZ

7KH VFUHHQ DEVRUEHU VRODU DLU KHDWHUV DUH EXLOW RQ WKH FRQFHSW RI VFUHHQLQJ XVHG IRU
DEVRUELQJKHDW/LNHWKHVFUHHQZLOOFRQVXPHDVLJQLILFDQWDPRXQWRIKHDWDQGWUDQVIHULW
WRWKHDUHD

%HIRUHGHVLJQLQJLWIRU\RXUKRPHPDNHDVNHWFKRQWKHSDSHUDQGUHWKLQNWKDWZKHWKHU
\RXDUHVDWLVILHGZLWKWKHGHVLJQRUQRW$IWHUPDNLQJWKHSODQVWDUWFRQVWUXFWLRQRI\RXU
VRODUDLUKHDWHU


  %XLOGLQJZRRGHQIUDPH

7KHSURFHVVRIFRQVWUXFWLRQRIVFUHHQDEVRUEHUVRODUDLUKHDWHUVWDUWVIURPEXLOGLQJWKH
ZRRGHQIUDPH)RUWKLVSXUSRVH\RXZLOOQHHG

$FU\OLF6KHHW

3LQH[

+ROH-LJ.UHJ

3O\ZRRG

)LUVW RI DOO ERXJKW WKH DFU\OLF VKHHW IRU WKH IUDPH LQ \RXU GHVLUHG GLPHQVLRQV DOPRVW
HTXDO WR [[ D VWDQGDUG OHQJWK 7KH VL]H RI DFU\OLF VKHHW ZLOO GHWHUPLQH WKH
VL]HRI\RXUIUDPH

)RUURXWLQJWKHHGJHPDNHWKHIUDPHDOPRVWODUJHUWRWKHVKHHW8VH.UHJMLJVIRU
GULOOLQJ WKH VFUHZV LQWR WKH IUDPH WKDW ZLOO KROG WKH IUDPH &RPELQH WKH SO\ZRRG DQG
SLSHFODPSHGLQWKHXQLW<RXFDQFXWKROHVLQWKHSO\ZRRGHTXDOWR´IRUDLUIORZ


 %XLOGIRDP

6LOYHU+9$&7DSH

)RDP%RDUG

)RDP%RDUG

7KHWZRIRDPVDUHXVHGIRUEHWWHULQVXODWLRQRIWKHXQLW2QHRIWKHIRDP´IRDPLV
XVHGIRUWKHSXUSRVHRILQVXODWLQJWKHVLGHVDQGERWWRPRIWKHXQLW

7KHRWKHUIRDP´LVDOVRXVHGIRULQVXODWLQJWKHVLGHVDQGERWWRPRIWKHXQLWDVZHOO
DVLWZLOOSURYLGHWKHVXSSRUWWRWKH EDFNHU ERDUG7KH VHFRQG IRDP ZLOO DOVR KHOSLQ
FUHDWLQJZDYHVRQWKHVFUHHQ
7KHEDFNHUERDUGLVQRWGLUHFWO\LQVWDOOHGRQWKHZRRGDVLWFDQORVHVRPHRIWKHKHDW
ZKLOHSODFLQJDIRDPEHWZHHQWKHPFDQVDYHKHDW8VHDGKHVLYHPDWHULDOIRUVWLFNLQJWKH
ZRRGDQGIRDPWRJHWKHU

 9HQWVDQG$LU&KDQQHO

$OXPLQXP)RLO

6LOYHU+9$&WDSH

&RQVWUXFWLRQ$GKHVLYH

$OXPLQXPIODQJHWXEHV

,WLVDGLIILFXOWVWHSWDSHWKH´YHQWVLQWRWKHIRDP7KHYHQWVZLOOFUHDWHDVHDOWKDWZLOO
NHHSWKHDLUWLJKWFORVHGZLWKRXWORVLQJ

&XWGRZQYDULRXVVWULSVHTXDOWR´IURPWKHIRDPERDUGDQGFUHDWHDLUFKDQQHOV6WLFN
VWULSVZLWKRQHDQRWKHUXVLQJJOXHDQGFRYHUVWULSVZLWKVLOYHUWDSH6HDODOOWKHJDSVWKDW
DUHOHIWEHKLQG

7DNHDOXPLQXPVKHHWDQGDWWDFKLWRQWRSRIWKHDLUFKDQQHO

 7KH+HDW6\QF

&RQFUHWH%DFNHU%RDUGV[[

$GKHVLYH

$6LOYHU7DSH

0HDVXUHYHQWVDQGFXWWKHPRXW'ULOOKROHVLQWKHYHQWV7DNHVLOYHUWDSHDQGDSSO\LWWR
WKH HGJHV RI WKH YHQWV 8VH DGKHVLYH PDWHULDO IRU MRLQLQJ WKH VHDO 6HFXUH WKH EDFNHU
ERDUGRQEHQHDWKWKHIRDPVWULSV


 3DLQWLWXS


([WHULRU3DLQW%ODFN2LO%DVHG

6SUD\3DLQW0DWWH%ODFN

3DLQWWKHH[WHULRUSDUWRIWKHER[ZLWKWKHEODFNRLOEDVHGSDLQW8VHYDULRXVFRDWVRIWKH
SDLQWVVRWKDWZHDWKHUFKDQJHKDVPLQLPXPHIIHFWVRQWKHSDLQW

6SUD\WKHLQWHULRURIWKHER[ZLWKWKHPDWWHEODFNSDLQWWKDWZLOOLQFUHDVHWKHDEVRUSWLRQ
RIKHDW$OVRSDLQWDOOWKHH[SRVHGVXUIDFHVRIWKHER[ZLWKPDWWHEODFN

 7KH6FUHHQ


7KLQ&RSSHU:LUH

0DWWH%ODFN+L7HPS3DLQW

6LOYHU7DSH

$GKHVLYHPDWHULDO

6FUHZV6WDSOHV

%ODFN)LEHU6FUHHQ

&XW GRZQWKHIRDPERDUGIRUIRUPLQJ WKH ERUGHUV LQVLGH&XW WULDQJOHV IRU VLGH VWULSV

7KH ERWWRP WULDQJOHV DUH DWWDFKHG WR WKH EDFNHU ERDUG 3DLQW WKHVH WULDQJOHV LQWR WKH
EODFN

0DNHVXUHWKDWIRDPWULDQJOHVDUHHQRXJKWKDWZLOOFUHDWHZDYHVRQWKHVFUHHQ

3ODFH WKH VFUHHQ DQG FXW LW GRZQ WR WKH VL]H WKDW LW ZLOO ILW WKH ZRRGHQ IUDPH ,QVWDOO
ZLUHVXVLQJWKHVFUHZDQGSXWWKHVFUHHQULJKWRQLW8VHDGKHVLYHPDWHULDOIRUORFNLQJ
WKHVFUHHQLQLWVSODFH




&RQFOXVLRQ


6RODUDLUKHDWHUVDUHHQHUJ\HIILFLHQWDQGSURILWDEOHWKDWPDNHVLWDEHWWHUKHDWLQJGHYLFH
,WLVHDV\WRXVHDQGLQVWDOO<RXFDQGHVLJQLWDWKRPHE\IROORZLQJWKHWLSVJLYHQLQWKH
FKDSWHUV

6RODUDLUKHDWHUVXVHWKHODWHVWWHFKQRORJ\DQGXWLOL]HVXQUDGLDWLRQVIRUKHDWLQJSXUSRVH
6RODU DLU KHDWHUV DUH QRW RQO\ XVHG IRU D KHDWLQJ SXUSRVH EXW LW FDQ DOVR EH XVHG IRU
FRROLQJYHQWLODWLRQILOWUDWLRQDQGIRUGU\LQJDSSOLFDWLRQV


7KLVHERRNFRQWDLQVDOOWKHQHFHVVDU\LQIRUPDWLRQDERXWWKHXVHVDVZHOODVGHVLJQLQJRI
WKH VRODU DLU ILOWHUV )ROORZ WKH VWHSV JLYHQ LQ WKH FKDSWHU IRU FRQVWUXFWLQJ D VRODU DLU
KHDWHUIRU\RXKRPH

<RXFDQXVHLWIRUFRPPHUFLDOSXUSRVHRUIRUKRXVHKROGXVH6KDUH\RXUIHHGEDFNZLWK
XVWKDWKRZWKLVHERRNLQFUHDVHG\RXUNQRZOHGJHDQGKHOSHG\RXLQGHVLJQLQJDVRODU
DLUKHDWHU7KDQN\RXDJDLQIRUGRZQORDGLQJWKLVHERRN







)5((%RQXV5HPLQGHU

,I\RXKDYHQRWJUDEEHGLW\HWSOHDVHJRDKHDGDQGGRZQORDG\RXUVSHFLDOERQXV(ERRN
³&KDNUDVIRU%HJLQQHUV6WHSV7R8QGHUVWDQG$QG%DODQFH&KDNUDV5DGLDWH
(QHUJ\$QG6WUHQJWKHQ$XUD´

6LPSO\&OLFNWKH%XWWRQ%HORZ

25*RWR7KLV3DJH
KWWSOLIHKDFNVZRUOGFRPIUHH

%21860RUH)UHH 'LVFRXQWHG%RRNV 3URGXFWV
'R\RXZDQWWRUHFHLYHPRUH)UHH'LVFRXQWHG%RRNVRU3URGXFWV"
:HKDYHDPDLOLQJOLVWZKHUHZHVHQGRXWRXUQHZ%RRNVRU3URGXFWVZKHQWKH\JRIUHH
RUZLWKDGLVFRXQWRQ$PD]RQ&OLFNRQWKHOLQNEHORZWRVLJQXSIRU)UHH 'LVFRXQW
%RRN 3URGXFW3URPRWLRQV
!6LJQ8SIRU)UHH 'LVFRXQW%RRN 3URGXFW3URPRWLRQV
 25*RWRWKLV85/
KWWS]ELWO\:%E(N