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 José Antonio Gracias González
60
3.2.2 Caso práctico de identificación de persona
Una vez contamos con los elementos conceptuales y legales necesarios
para comprender las implicaciones de la identificación de persona, corresponde
presentar un ejemplo, en detalle.
Como hemos visto, el procedimiento inicia con la comparecencia del
interesado, quien puede ser un adulto o un menor de edad. Si se tr�ta de un
menor de edad, deberá comparecer a través de quien o quienes eierzan la
_,
patria potestad sobre él, lo cual deberá acreditarse mediante I� presentac,on
de la certificación de la partida de nacimiento del menor (extendida de manera
reciente por el registro respectivo) y la certificado del registro en la que consta
el matrimonio de los padres (Art. 29, numeral 5, Código de Notariado, Decreto
314 del Congreso de la República).
En uno u otro caso, debe procederse a realizar la declaración jurada que
justifica la identificación de persona en escritura matriz o también denominada
escritura pública.
El caso que a continuación se presenta, el cual consta en escritura como lo
manda la ley, trata sobre una señorita, mayor de edad, a quien intere�a realizar
la identificación de su persona. Es pertinente recordar que la escritura debe
faccionarse en papel sellado especial para protocolo, por lo que es necesario
satisfacer todas las obligaciones del caso.
Ricardo AJvarado Sandoval 61
SETENTA Y NUEVE (79). En la ciudad de Guatemala, el veintiocho
de julio de dos mil quince, ANTE MÍ: RICARDO ALVARADO
SANDOVAL, Notario, comparece6 la señorita MARÍA ELISA
DE JESÚS ÁLVAREZ SARMIENTO, de veinticuatro años de
edad, soltera, guatemalteca, estudiante, de este domicilio, quien
se identifica con el7 documento personal de identificación
(DPI) al que le corresponde el código único de identificación
(CUI) cien, doscientos, trescientos (100 200 300) extendido
por el Registro Nacional de las Personas de la República de
Guatemala, del municipio y departamento de Guatemala.
Me asegura hallarse en el libre ejercicio de sus derechos civiles
y que por el presente instrumento otorga su IDENTIFICACIÓN
DE PERSONA conforme las siguientes cláusulas escriturarías:ª
PRIMERA: Declara la compareciente bajo juramento,9 y
enterada de las penas relativas al delito de falso testimonio,10
Se le llama compareciente a la persona que promueve el asunto en la introducción de
la escritura.
7
No es correcto escribir "su documento personal de identificación", debido a que esto
implicaria que el Notario da fe de que efectivamente le pertenece a esa persona y que
lo hace constar.
8 Hasta acá la primera parte de la escritura, a la que se le conoce con el nombre de
Introducción. Ver Art. 34 del Código de Notariado.
9 Tener presente que la ley prescribe que tal declaración sea hecha bajo juramento en
escritura pública. Artículo 5 del Código Civil, Decreto Ley 106.
10
Artículo 460 (Código Penal). Falso testimonio, Comete falso testimonio, el testigo
intérprete, traductor o perito que en su declaración o dictamen ante autoridad competente
o notario, afirmare una falsedad, se negare a declarar estando obligado a ello u ocultare
la verdad.
El responsable de falso testimonio será sancionado con prisión de seis meses a tres
años y multa de cincuenta a un mil quetzales.
Si el falso testimonio se cometiere en proceso penal en contra del procesado, será
,2 José Antonio Gracias González
ser de los datos personales consignados. Que su nacimiento
se encuentra inscrito en el Registro Civil de las Personas del
Registro Nacional de las Personas de esta ciudad a al número
ciento cuarenta y dos (142), folio ciento cuarenta y dos (142),
del libro sesenta y uno (61) de nacimientos, del municipio de
Guatemala, departamento de Guatemala, en donde consta que
nació el TRECE DE SEPTIEMBRE DE MIL NOVECIENTOS
SETENTA Y NUEVE en esta capital, hija del señor Héctor Ismael
Álvarez Castro y de la señora Graciela Hortensia Sarmiento
Duarte de Álvarez. SEGUNDA: Expresa la otorgante, bajo
declaración jurada, que en sus relaciones sociales, comerciales,
profesionales y estudiantiles, ha usado y es conocida con los
nombres de MARÍA ELISA DE JESÚS ÁLVAREZ SARMIENTO;
MARÍA ÁLVAREZ SARMIENTO; ELISA ÁLVAREZ SARMIENTO;
MARÍA E. ÁLVAREZ S.; nombres y apellidos que corresponden
11
a una misma y única persona que es la otorgante , solicitando
al señor Registrador Civil del Registro Nacional de las Personas
del municipio de Guatemala, departamento de Guatemala, que
efectúe la correspondiente anotación al margen de la partida
relacionada y posteriormente se le extienda certificación para los
efectos legales. TERCERA: La otorgante acepta las cláusulas
12
del presente instrumento. DOY FE: A) Que lo escrito me fue
expuesto y de su contenido; B) Que tuve a la vista la certificación
sancionado con prisión de dos a seis años y multa de doscientos a dos mil quetzales.
Las sanciones señaladas se aumentarán en una tercera parte si el falso testimonio fuere
cometido mediante soborno.
11
A la persona que promueve el asunto se le llama otorgante en el cuerpo de la escritura.
12
Hasta acá llega la parte que corresponde a la segunda parte de la escritura, denominada
cuerpo.

Ricardo Alwu-ado an<loval 63
de la partida de nacimiento y el document o personal de
identificación relacionados; C) Que advertí a la otorgante sobre
los efectos legales del presente instrumento y de la obligación
registra!. Leo lo escrito a la interesada, 13 quien enterada de su
contenido, objeto, valor y efectos legales lo acepta, ratifica y firma 14
con el Notario autorizante 1 s. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ...•.._____ _
n
Ante mí: n (Sello del Notario) 1s
Una obligación posterior, inherente a toda escritura, consiste en compulsar
el testimonio especial. Como recordamos, el testimonio es la copia fiel de la
escritura matriz 17. El testimonio especial es el que debe remitirse al Director
13
En el cierre, se le llama interesado(a)o interesados(as) a la(s) persona(s) que
promueve(n) el asunto. Artículo 29, numeral 11, del Código de Notariado.
14
No se debe escribir "juntamente con el notario" porque ello implicaría que los dos
toman el lapicero a la vez, y firman. Tampoco es aceptable la expresión "quienes bien
enterados de su contenido... ", ya que la expresión es incorrecta y resulta anacrónica.
Articulo 34 del Código de Notariado.
15
Es conveniente y útil, además de necesario por mandato legal, cancelar los espacios
en blanco que queden en el último renglón de la escritura, a efecto de evitar riesgos
de inserción de texto por personas malintencionadas. Así, el Art. 13, numeral 7, del
Código de Notariado prescribe: 7. Los espacios en blanco que permitan intercalaciones
se llenarán con una línea antes de que sea firmado el instrumento.
1'
No es obligatorio el estampar el sello al píe de la escritura que se facciona, porque no lo
pide la ley. Sin embargo, muchos notarios lo acostumbran.
17
El Art. 66 del Código de Notariado, Decreto 314 del Congreso de la República: Testimonio
es la copia fiel de la escritura matriz, de la razón de auténtica o legalización, o del acta
de protocolación, extendida en el papel sellado correspondiente [tener presente que ya
no existe el papel sellado], y sellada y firmada por el notario autorizante o por el que
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