Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Statistiken und
Grafiken
Marc Piazolo
University of Applied Sciences
Kaiserslautern, Germany
2019
marc.piazolo@hs-kl.de
Statistik
Prof. Dr. Marc Piazolo
2019
Agenda
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Statistik
Prof. Dr. Marc Piazolo
2019
1 2 3 4 5 6 Schüler Ø
3 7 9 7 3 1 30 3,1
Modus Mittelwert = Durchschnitt
Wo liegt der Median?
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Statistik
Prof. Dr. Marc Piazolo
2019
1 2 3 4 5 6 Schüler Ø
7 6 3 8 3 3 30 3,1
Modus Mittelwert
Wo liegt der Median?
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Statistik
Prof. Dr. Marc Piazolo
2019
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 Noten
1 2 3 4 5 6 Schüler Ø
10 6 1 4 2 7 30 3,1
Modus Mittelwert
Wo liegt der Median?
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Statistik
Prof. Dr. Marc Piazolo
2019
Nagel/Selten (1997), Bosch-Domenech et al. (2002), Montier (2004), Piazolo (2008, 2019)
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Statistik
Prof. Dr. Marc Piazolo
2019
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Reinfall
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Statistik
Prof. Dr. Marc Piazolo
2019
1966
Quelle: Irrational Exuberance, Robert Shiller (2005) Fig. 1.3 und Fig. 2.1
Reinfall
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Statistik
Prof. Dr. Marc Piazolo
2019
Autobahn mit
jeweils zwei Spuren
So geht es!
Verringerung der
Fahrbahnbreite auf
jeweils drei Spuren
Probleme?
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Statistik
Prof. Dr. Marc Piazolo
2019
Passen Sie auf, wie sich die Basis Ihrer Prozentrechnung verändert!
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Statistik
Prof. Dr. Marc Piazolo
2019
REINFALL
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Statistik
Prof. Dr. Marc Piazolo
2019
GUT
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Statistik
Prof. Dr. Marc Piazolo
2019
Euroland
-
Unendliche
Expansion?
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Statistik
Prof. Dr. Marc Piazolo
2019
GUT
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Statistik
Prof. Dr. Marc Piazolo
2019
Konvergenz
über die Zeit!
GUT
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Statistik
Prof. Dr. Marc Piazolo
2019
Rise
and
Fall of
Nations
G
U
T
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Statistik
Prof. Dr. Marc Piazolo
2019
REINFALL
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marc.piazolo@hs-kl.de
Statistik
Prof. Dr. Marc Piazolo
2019
A Map of Friendships
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Statistik
Prof. Dr. Marc Piazolo
2019
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Statistik
Prof. Dr. Marc Piazolo
2019
Benfords Law
(www.random-walk.com)
GUT
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Statistik
Prof. Dr. Marc Piazolo
2019
(www.econmist.com)
GUT marc.piazolo@hs-kl.de 24
Statistik
Prof. Dr. Marc Piazolo
2019
www.economist.com
Sep 3rd 2012
GUT – aber umstritten marc.piazolo@hs-kl.de
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Statistik
Prof. Dr. Marc Piazolo
2019
WHAT is the best way to display information? The data geeks at The Economist
struggle with this question every day. On January 17th we produced a daily chart
about Kickstarter, the largest crowdfunding site. It showed projects by three
measures—money raised, average pledge and success rate—using traditional
bar charts.
However a draft version was more ambitious, showing the interrelationships
among the three categories using a technique called "parallel coordinates" (see
the thumbnail chart on the top right). The vertical columns rank the projects; the
lines show how ranks change across the categories. Steep vertical lines signal
something interesting. Yet we felt critics might grumble that the comparisons
were not related: money in dollars, success rate in percentage. Hence,
straightforward bar charts ruled the hour.
How could we have adapted the technique to the data a bit better? We decided to
experiment. First, we removed the second category, "average pledge," since it
simply refined our understanding of "money raised". The stacked columns were
replaced with projects measured in plain numbers. We smoothed out the lines
and put in bold the most striking findings: dance projects raised far less money
but had the best success rates, while games hauled in the most yet had among
the worst rates (second chart).
But this wasn't ideal either. What we gained with simplicity we lost in detail, and
the proportionality in the ranking was stripped out. So we returned to the
workbench. The beauty of the data was both the rank and the change in rank—
not one or the other. We decided to reinsert two of the original columns, and used
tinted, proportionally-filled lines to show changes (third chart). Now the data in
each column remained dominant while the rise or fall in rank was shown with the
changing volume of the line.
This made the original worry about the different units a non-issue, since the chart
showed the relationship between the projects, not simply the metrics in
isolation—as did the original bar charts, forcing viewers to make these
connections themselves. Yet the final experimental chart is more complicated:
data-vis giveth, data-vis taketh away. 26
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Statistik
Prof. Dr. Marc Piazolo
2019
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Statistik
Prof. Dr. Marc Piazolo
2019
Probability of Winning in %
GUT www.economist.com
Jun 4th 2014 28
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Statistik
Prof. Dr. Marc Piazolo
2019
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Schwabish (2014) 218 marc.piazolo@hs-kl.de
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Prof. Dr. Marc Piazolo
2019
GUT
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Schwabish (2014) 220 marc.piazolo@hs-kl.de
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Prof. Dr. Marc Piazolo
2019
Spaghetti Chart
GUT
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Schwabish (2014) 221 marc.piazolo@hs-kl.de
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Prof. Dr. Marc Piazolo
2019
GUT
http://www.gapminder.org/videos/200-years-that-changed-the-world-bbc/
Es geht noch weiter …
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