32%

20%

16%

12%

8% 8%

4%
Moment of Inertia ● Fixed Axis Rotation
● Parallel Axis Theorem
● Moving Axis Rotation
● Perpendicular axis Theorem
● Radius of Gyration

Rotational
Motion
● Torque
● Equilibrium Problems Angular Momentum
 Moment of Inertia

I = mr2 Axis

● r = perpendicular distance of point

mass from Axis of Rotation.

● MOI is a scalar quantity . r

m
● It is always calculated about the
Axis of Rotation .
Q Find MOI of balls arranged at vertices of a
massless square frame of side 4m about the axis
shown. (i) x-axis (ii) y-axis (iii) Diagonal

4 kg 3 kg

4m

x
1 kg 2kg
 y

4 kg 3 kg
Ix = 1[0]2 + 2[0]2 + 3[4]2 + 4[4]2 = 112 kg m2

Iy = 1[0]2 + 4[0]2 + 2[4]2 + 3[4]2 = 80 kg m2

4m
ID = 2[0]2 + 4[0]2 + 1[2√2]2 + 3[√2]2 = 32 kg m2

1 kg 4m 2kg x
 Parallel Axis Theorem
[Valid for both 2D & 3D objects]

I0 I
I = I0 + Md2

I0 = MOI of Body About an Axis COM COM

Passing through COM of Body

d
 Perpendicular Axis Theorem
[Valid for Planar objects]

z
Iz
Iz = Ix + Iy

Ix & Iy Are MOI of Body about Axis in the

y
Plane of Body & Iz is MOI about an Axis Iy

Perpendicular to Plane of Body.

Ix
x
 RING

RING SEMI-RING QUARTER RING

I = MR2
MR2

MR2

(M,R) (M, R)
(M,R)
 JEE Main 8th April 2023 S-1
Q The moment of inertia of a semicircular ring
about an axis, passing through the center and
perpendicular to the plane of ring, is 1/x MR2,
where R is the radius and M is the mass of the
semicircular ring. The value of x will be____.
 JEE Main 8th April 2023 S-1
Q The moment of inertia of a semicircular ring
about an axis, passing through the center and
perpendicular to the plane of ring, is 1/x MR2,
where R is the radius and M is the mass of the
semicircular ring. The value of x will be____.

Answer: 1
 RING

I = MR2

2MR2

(M, R)
 DISC

DISC QUARTER DISC

SEMI-DISC

(M,R) (M,R)
(M,R)
DISC

(M, R)
 ROD

M, L
θ

M, L
θ
HOLLOW SOLID SPHERE
SPHERE

(M, R) (M, R)
SQUARE SHEET
 SQUARE SHEET

MOI about all axes in Plane passing through center is

CUBE HOLLOW CONE SOLID CONE

M, R
 Radius of Gyration

It is Radius of that Imaginary Ring Which will Give

Same MOI as Given by a Body about any Given Axis .

I = MK2
Disc Hollow Sphere
 JEE Main 6th April 2023 S-2
Q A ring and a solid sphere rotating about an axis
passing through their centers have same radii of
gyration. The axis of rotation is perpendicular to
plane of ring. The ratio of radius of ring to that of

sphere is The value of x is ______.

 JEE Main 6th April 2023 S-2
Q A ring and a solid sphere rotating about an axis
passing through their centers have same radii of
gyration. The axis of rotation is perpendicular to
plane of ring. The ratio of radius of ring to that of

sphere is The value of x is ______.

Answer: 5
 JEE Main 25th Jan 2023, S-2
Q If a solid sphere of mass 5 kg and a disc of mass
4 kg have the same radius. Then the ratio of
moment of inertia of the disc about a tangent in
its plane to the moment of inertia of the sphere
about its tangent will be x/7. The value of x is _.
 JEE Main 25th Jan 2023, S-2
Q If a solid sphere of mass 5 kg and a disc of mass
4 kg have the same radius. Then the ratio of
moment of inertia of the disc about a tangent in
its plane to the moment of inertia of the sphere
about its tangent will be x/7. The value of x is _.

Answer: 5
 JEE Main 01st Feb 2023, S-2
Q Moment of inertia of a disc of mass M and radius
‘R’ about any of its diameter is . The
moment of inertia of this disc about an axis
normal to the disc and passing through a point
on its edge will be, . The value of x is ___.
 JEE Main 01st Feb 2023, S-2
Q Moment of inertia of a disc of mass M and radius
‘R’ about any of its diameter is . The
moment of inertia of this disc about an axis
normal to the disc and passing through a point
on its edge will be, . The value of x is ___.

Answer: 3
The Turning Effect of Force is Called Torque
 Torque

r = Position vector of Point of

Application of Force from
Hinge Point
Hinged Body θ
τ = Torque of Force F
About Hinge Point
Torque is Always
Calculated About the
Point or Axis of Rotation
Hinged Body

τHinge = 0
𝜏 = r Fsinθ
F sin θ = F丄 F
𝜏 = r F丄

θ
r
θ F|| = F cos θ
 r|| = r cos θ
𝜏 = r Fsinθ
θ
r
𝜏 = r 丄F
θ
F
r丄 = r sin θ
 JEE Main 10th April 2023 S-2
Q A force of -P acts on the origin of the
coordinate system. The torque about the point
(2, -3) is The ratio of The
value of x is-
 JEE Main 10th April 2023 S-2
Q A force of -P acts on the origin of the
coordinate system. The torque about the point
(2, -3) is The ratio of The
value of x is-

Answer: 3
If a body is in Rotational
Equilibrium, then net torque
about any point is zero.
L/4
 JEE Main 25th Jan 2023, S-1
Q An object of mass 8 kg is hanging from one end
of a uniform rod CD of mass 2 kg and length 1 m
pivoted at its end C on a vertical wall as shown in
figure. It is supported by a cable AB such that the
system is in equilibrium. The tension in the cable
is: (Take g = 10 m/s2):

A 240 N

B 90 N

C 300 N

D 30 N
 JEE Main 25th Jan 2023, S-1
Q An object of mass 8 kg is hanging from one end
of a uniform rod CD of mass 2 kg and length 1 m
pivoted at its end C on a vertical wall as shown in
figure. It is supported by a cable AB such that the
system is in equilibrium. The tension in the cable
is: (Take g = 10 m/s2):

A 240 N

B 90 N

C 300 N

D 30 N
 Fixed Axis Rotation

τ,α

τ and I Should be Calculated

About Same Axis of Rotation
Q
A uniform Rod (M,L) is released from horizontal
rest position as shown. Find 𝛼 just after release.
 L/2

Mg
Q A uniform Rod (M,L) is released from
horizontal rest position as shown. Find 𝜔
When Rod becomes Vertical

D
Q A uniform Rod (M,L) is released from
horizontal rest position as shown. Find 𝜔
When Rod becomes Vertical

D
 I, R

m a
 I, R
x

M1 M2
 Helping force – Opposing force
a =
MOI of pulley
Mass of blocks +
R2
Moving Axis Rotation
 Body Icom Acceleration (a)

Ring or Hollow cycle MR2 g/2 sin θ = 0.5 g sin θ

Disc or solid cycle MR2/2 2/3 g sin θ = 0.66 g sin θ

Hollow sphere 2/3 MR2 3/5 g sin θ = 0.6 g sin θ

Solid sphere 2/5 MR2 5/7 g sin θ = 0.7 g sin θ

a solid sphere > a Disc or solid cyl > a Hollow sphere > a Ring or hollow
cyl

V solid sphere > V Disc or solid cyl > V Hollow sphere > V Ring or hollow
t solid sphere < t Disc or solid cyl < t Hollow sphere < t Ring or
cyl
hollow cyl
Angular Momentum
u
𝜃

origin
Fixed Axis Rotation

⍵
 𝜔 𝜔0

M,R M,R m
m
Gently
 JEE Main 10th April 2023 S-1
Q
If the earth suddenly shrinks to of its
original volume with its mass remaining the same,
the period of rotation of earth becomes
The value of x is ______ .
 JEE Main 10th April 2023 S-1
Q
If the earth suddenly shrinks to of its
original volume with its mass remaining the same,
the period of rotation of earth becomes
The value of x is ______ .

Answer: 16
Q A point mass moving with velocity v0 strikes
the lower end of a hinged rod as shown. If after
striking particle comes to rest find 𝜔 of Rod.

A 3v0/L

B 12v0/L
M,L
C 2v0/L

v0 D 4v0/L

M
 Win a Fully
paid Space
Research
Program with
ISRO Space
Assured Gifts for all Offline Tutor
Test Takers!
 V

Session PDF

@VJEEOFFICIAL
LINK IN THE DESCRIPTION