Kapitel – 2

Nach der Schulzeit

Modalverben im Präsens
 Modalverben im Präteritum

wollen müssen können dürfen sollen Endung

ich Wollte Musste Konnte Durfte Sollte -te
du Wolltest Musstest Konntest Durftest Solltest -test
Er/es/sie Wollte Musste Konnte Durfte Sollte -te
Wir Wollten Mussten Konnten Durften Sollten -ten
Ihr Wolltet Musstet Konntet Durftet Solltet -tet
Sie/sie Wollten Mussten Konnten Durften Sollten -ten
 Modalverben im Präteritum (Modal verbs in the past tense) are used in German
to express ability, necessity, permission, or likelihood in the past. Here are the
modal verbs in the past tense along with examples:
 können (could)
 Ich konnte Deutsch sprechen. (I could speak German.)
 Er konnte gestern nicht kommen. (He couldn't come yesterday.)
 dürfen (was/were allowed to)
 Wir durften das Museum besuchen. (We were allowed to visit the museum.)
 Du durftest nicht fernsehen. (You weren't allowed to watch TV.)
 wollen (wanted to)
 Sie wollte nach Deutschland reisen. (She wanted to travel to Germany.)
 Ich wollte gestern ins Kino gehen. (I wanted to go to the movies yesterday.)
 müssen (had to)
 Er musste früh aufstehen. (He had to get up early.)
 Wir mussten die Hausaufgaben machen. (We had to do the homework.)
 sollen (should)
 Sie sollten mehr Gemüse essen. (They should eat more vegetables.)
 Ich sollte ihn anrufen, aber ich habe es vergessen. (I should have called him, but I
forgot.)
 mögen (liked to)
 Er mochte keine Milch trinken. (He didn't like to drink milk.)
 Wir mochten den Film nicht. (We didn't like the movie.)
Sein oder Haben im Präteritum
Artikel
 Tricks and Tips to remember articles

 If a noun ends in -or, -ling, -ig, –ner, or -smus, it is masculine and should be
prefixed by the word der. For instance, you would say: der Generator, der
Frühling, der Honig, der Rentner and der Kapitalismus.

 If a noun ends in -ung, -ie, -ei, -keit, heit, schaft, –tät, -ik or -tion, it is
feminine and should be prefixed by the word die. For instance, you would say die
Zeitung, die Komödie, die Bäckerei, die Tätigkeit, die Schönheit, die Mannschaft,
die Universität, die Musik and die Situation.

 If a noun ends in -chen, -lein, -ment, -tum, -ma or -um, it is neuter and should
be prefixed by das. For instance, you would say das Mädchen, das Fräulein, das
Supplement, das Rittertum, das Schema and das Museum
Possessivartikel im Dativ
Schultypen in Deutschland
Grundschule (Primary school):
 Age : 6 to 10 years
 Grades : Covers first four grades
 After Grundschule, the teachers decide which
secondary school the child will attend considering
the child´s academic performance.
Gymnasium :
 Age Limit : 10 to 18 years
 Grades : 5th to 13th grade
 Once they hit 11th grade, they enter Gymnasiale Oberstufe , which is a two year prep
for Abitur.

Regelschule (Hauptschule + Realschule)

 Hauptschule : Secondary school for grade 5 to 9/10
 Realschule : Secondary school for grade 5 to 10
 Realschule is more practical and common.

 Gesamtschule : (Integrated Schools)

 All three types : Gymnasium + Hauptschule + Realschule
 Hauptschulabschulss and Abitur are open for them
Schultyp (School School Leaving
Type) Description Age Range Certificate Key Features

Provides
foundational
education covering
None (Ends with various subjects
Grundschule Primary School 6-10 recommendation for including German,
further schooling) Mathematics,
Science, Art, Music,
and Physical
Education.

Focuses on practical
skills and vocational
General Secondary
Hauptschule 10-15 Hauptschulabschluss training. Provides
School
education up to
grade 9 or 10.

Offers a broader
curriculum than
Hauptschule with
Intermediate emphasis on
Realschule 10-16 Realschulabschluss
Secondary School mathematics,
natural sciences,
and foreign
languages.
 Prepares students for
higher education. Offers a
comprehensive curriculum
Abitur (Allgemeine with a focus on academic
Gymnasium Grammar School 10-18
Hochschulreife) subjects such as
mathematics, sciences,
languages, and
humanities.

Integrates students from

different academic
backgrounds and aims to
provide education tailored
Hauptschulabschluss,
Comprehensive to individual needs. Offers
Gesamtschule 10-18 Realschulabschluss, or Abitur
School all three main school
depending on the track
tracks (Hauptschule,
Realschule, and
Gymnasium) under one
roof.

Provides vocational
training in various fields
alongside practical work
Varies (Certificate or
Berufsschule Vocational School Varies experience. Typically
vocational qualification)
attended by students who
have completed either
Hauptschule or Realschule.