Hydro Statics

G.C.E.
(A/L)
Mechanics - nghwpapay;
Unit - 02
PHYSICS
Tanus Publication
PhysicS ThapesaN
ThapesaN
PhysicS ThapesaN
fy;tpg; nghJj; juhjug; gj;jpu (cau;ju)g; guPl;ir
2001
✁✂✁✄☎✆✝✁✄✞✟✠✟✡☎✞✁☛✠ ☞✌✍✡☎✞✟☛✂✎✏✌✑☎✂✡✁✌✒✁✑✁✆✓☞✔☎✕✟✂☎✞✟☛✂
watta
New Ci tadel
Wella
ngsjPftpay; ✖ ✛✜
✗✘✙✚✟✡✚ ✖ ✢ ✖
✣✙✌✄☛ ✤✞☎✞✟✡✚ ✥ ePu; epiyapay;
rpW gapw;rp tpdhf;fs; ✗✣✧★✩☞✝★✦✪★✛✛✫
✤✘☛✄✞✗✄☎✡✞✟✁✚✦✍✁✚✞✟☛✂✚ ✬✙✭✢✘☎✮✁✚☎✂✬✯✤✡✯☞✂✰✎✣☛✂✚✱✡✟✑✟✆✓
TRUE CITADEL - WELLAWATTA .
 mlu;j;jp (density) (, d)
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01. 1 yPw;wu; ePupd; jpzpit kg ,y; fhz;f.
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 rhulu;j;jp my;yJ jz;zPu;g;G (relative density)
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PhysicS -01- ThapesaN
[ gf;fk; 02 [g; ghu;f;f
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xU gjhu;j;jj;jpd; gcm 3 ,Ys;s mlu;j;jpg; ngWkhdkhdJ mg;nghUspd; rhulu;jj

; pg;
ngWkhdj;jpw;Fr; rkdhFk;.
02. 1.2 rhulu;j;jpAila jputKk; 0.9 rhulu;jj

; pAila jputKk; xd;whff; fyg;gjd; %yk;
1.0 rhulu;
j ;jpAila fyit ngwg;gLfpd;
w J. fyg;gjdhy; fdtstpy; FiwT Vw;gltpy;iy
vdf; nfhz;L> 1k; > 2k; jputq;fspd; fdtsTfspd; tpfpjj;ijf; fhz;f.
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03. 0.8 rhulu;j;jpAila jputKk; 1.0 rhulu;jj

; pAila jputKk; xd;whff; fyg;gjd; %yk;
0.95 rhulu; j ; j pAila fyit ngwg; g Lfpd; w J. fyg; g jdhy; fdtstpy; FiwT
Vw;gltpy;iy vdf; nfhz;L> 1k; > 2k; jputq;fspd; fdtsTfspd; tpfpjj;ijf; fhz;f.
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04. 1.5rhulu;j;jpAila 500ml jputKk;> 0.5 rhulu;j;jp cs;s V fdtsTila jputKk;
fyf;fg;gLtjhy; rhulu;j;jp 1 cila fyit ngwg;gLfpd;wJ. fyg;gjdhy; fdtstpy;
FiwT Vw;gltpy;iy vdf; nfhz;L> V ,idf; fhz;f.
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05. A, B vDk; ,U fyf;ff; $ba jputj;jpd; fdtsTfs; KiwNa v1, v2 MfTk;> mtw;wpd;
rhulu;j;jpfs; KiwNa s1, s2 MfTk; cs;sd. ,q;F s1  0.9, s2  0.5 ck; v1 : v2  5 : 3 ck;
MFk;. ,U jputq;fSk; fyf;fg;gLk; NghJ cUthFk; jputj;jpd; mlu;jj ; p ahJ?
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06. 100cm3 fdtsTk; 588g jpzpTk; cila Xu; fyg;GNyhfk; ,Uk;igAk;> mYkpdpaj;ijAk;
nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,Uk;gpJk; mYkpdpaj;jpdJk; rhulu;j;jpfs; KiwNa 8k; > 2.7k; MFk;.
mtw;wpd; fdtsTfisAk; mtw;wpd; jpzpTfisAk; fhz;f.
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 kpjg;G tpjp - Law of Upthrust
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07. 100ml fdtsTs;s Xu; rPuhf mlu;e;j nghUs; 60ml fdtsT ePupDs; mkpo;e;jpUf;f
RahjPdkhf kpje;J nfhz;bUg;gpd; nghUspd; rhulu;j;jp ahJ?
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08. Xu; rPuhf mlu;ej
;  mlu;jj
; p cila cUisahdJ neUf;fw;jfT mw;w L mlu;j;jpAila

ghap xd;wpDs; epiyf;Fj;jhf RahjPdkhf kpjf;fpd;wJ. L ,d; ngWkjp ahJ?
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
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09. Xu; cUis ePupy; kpjf;Fk; NghJ epiy I ,y; fhl;bathWk; mNj cUis NtNwhu;
jputj;jpy; kpjf;Fk; NghJ epiy II ,y; fhl;bathW RahjPdkhf kpje;J nfhz;bUg;gpd;
jputj;jpd; jd;dPu;g;G ahJ?
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m 
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L L/2
w 3L/4
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epiy I
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10. xU rPuhf mlu;e;j nrt;tl;lj; jpz;k cUisahdJ jdJ fdtstpd; 23 gFjp mkpo
ePupy; kpjf;fpd;wJ Mapd;> nrt;tl;l cUis Mf;fg;gl;l jputpaj;jpd; jz;zPu;g;G ahJ?
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11. xU jpz;kg;nghUshdJ ePupDs; RahjPdkhf kpje;J nfhz;Ls;sJ. mjd; fdtstpd;
4 gFjp mkpo;e;jpUf;f kpjf;fpd;wJ. ,g;nghUshdJ NtNwhu; jputj;jpy; kpjf;Fk;
5
NghJ mjd; fdtstpd; miug;gFjp mkpo;e;jpUf;fr; RahjPdkhf kpjf;fpd;wjhapd;
mj;jputj;jpd; jz;zuP ;g;G ahJ?
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12. A,B vd;Dk; ,U jputq;fspy; RahjPdkhf kpjf;Fk; NghJ KiwNa jdJ fdtstpd;
3 gFjpAk; 2 gFjpAk; mkpo;e;jpUf;f kpje;J nfhz;bUg;gpd; A,B jputq;fspd;
4 3
jz;zuP ;g;Gfspd; tpfpjk; ahJ?
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13. 1050kgm3 mlu;j;jpAila jputj;jpy; gdpf;fl;bahdJ jdJ fdtstpd; 9 gFjp
10
mkpo;e;jpUf;f kpjf;fpd;wJ. vdpd; gdpf;fl;bapd; mlu;j;jp ahJ?
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14. xU jputj;jpy; 1cm3 fdtsthdJ jput Nkw;gug;gpw;F ntspNa ,Uf;f gdpf;fl;b gFjpahf
mkpo; e ; J kpjf; f pd; w J. gdpf; f l; b apdJk; > jputj; j pdJk; mlu; j ; j pfs; KiwNa
920kgm3,1030kgm 3 vdpd; gdpf;fl;bapd; nkhj;jf; fdtsT ahJ?
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15. mlu;j;jpAila xd;Wld; xd;W fyf;fhj jputq;fs; Xu; ghj;jpuj;jpy;

3400kgm3, 900kgm3
cs;s NghJ Xu; rPuha; mlu;e;j jpz;kf; Nfhsk; xd;W glj;jpy; fhl;bathW mjd;
fdtstpd; 1 gFjp xt;nthU jputj;jpYk; ,Uf;f RahjPdkhf mkpo;e;J kpjg;gpd;
2
Nfhsk; Mf;fg;gl;l jputpaj;jpd; mlu;jj
; p ahJ?
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900 kgm-3
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V
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-3
3400 kgm
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16. Xu; ghj;jpuj;jpDs; 800kgm3 mlu;j;jpAilaJk; 1000kgm3 mlu;j;jpAilaJkhd ,U

fyf;fhj jputq;fs; cs;sNghJ ,j;jputq;fSs; jpz;kf; Nfhsk; xd;whdJ Kw;whf
mkpo;e;Js;sJ. NfhskhdJ fPo;j;jputj;jpy; jdJ fdtstpd; 3 4 gFjp mkpo;e;jpUf;f
kpje;J nfhz;bUg;gpd; Nfhsj;jpd; mlu;jj
; p ahJ?
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17. xU ghj;jpuk; d1 ,d2 mlu;j;jpAila fyf;Fk; ,ay;gpy;yhj ,U jputq;fis nfhz;lJ
 d1  d2  . rPuhd mlu;jj
; p d [ cila jpz;kf;Nfhsk; xd;W jdJ fdtstpd; 4 5 gFjp
fPNo ,Uf;Fk; jputj;jpy; Kw;whf mkpo;e;jpUf;FkhW kpjf;fpd;wjhapd; d [ d1 ,d2 ,d;
rhu;gpy; fhz;f.
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 Mf;fpkpbrpd; jj;Jtk; - Archimedes Principle
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17. ePupDs; xU nghUs; mkpo;jj

; g;gl;bUf;Fk; NghJ nghUspd; 1 yPww
; u; fdtsT mkpo;ej
; pUg;gpd;
ePupdhy; nghUspw;F nfhLf;fg;gLk; NkYijg;G ahJ?
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18. rhulu;j;jp 5 cila jpz;kk; xd;W ePupDs; itj;J tpo tplg;gLfpd;wJ. tpl;lTld;
jpz;kj;jpd; Mu;KLfy; ahJ?
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19.  mlu;jj
; pAila ghuk; Fiwe;j thAitf; nfhz;l gYhd; tspapy; nkJthf tpLtpf;fg;gl
mjd; Muk;g Mu;KLfiyf; fhz;f. tspapd; mlu;j;jp A MFk;. ( A   )
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20. 0.8,0.9,1.0 jz;zPu;g;Gf;fis cila %d;W fyf;Fk; ,ay;gpy;yhj jputq;fspy; jpz;k

cUis xd;W epiyf;Fj;jhf kpjf;fpd;wJ. cUisapd; 1 4 gq;F NkNy cs;s jputj;jpYk;
,d;DNkhu; 1 4 gq;F fPNo cs;s jputj;jpYk; mkpo;e;Js;sjhapd; cUis Mf;fg;gl;l

gjhu;j;jj;jpd; jz;zPu;g;G ahJ?
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21. 1m3 fdtsTila kpjg;G tj;ij xd;W 30kg jpzpTilaJ. mJ 1030kgm3 mlu;j;jp
nfhz;l ePupy; kpjf;fpd;wJ. ,J mkpo;e;Jtplhky; ,jpy; 60kg jpzpTila vj;jid
kdpju;fs; Vwp ,Uf;fyhk;?
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22. khwhj; jbg;Gila gdpf;fl;bf; Fw;wpahdJ jdJ jbg;gpd; 1cm MdJ ePu;kl;lj;jpw;F
ntspNa ,Uf; f kpjf; f pd; wJ. gdpf; f l; b > eP u ; vd; g tw; w pd; mlu; j ; j pfs; KiwNa
920kgm3 ,1030kgm3 Mapd; gdpf;fl;bapd; jbg;G ahJ?
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23. ed;dPu; Vup xd;wpy; gdpf;fl;bf; Fw;wp xd;W kpjf;fpd;wJ. gdpf;fl;bapdJk; ePupdJk;
mlu;j;jpfs; KiwNa 900,1000kgm3 vdpd;> 2kg jpzpTila gwit xd;W gdpf;fl;b
mkpohjthW ,Ug;gjw;F gdpf;fl;bapd; ,opTf; fdtsT ahJ?
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24. mlu;j;jpAila gjhu;j;jj;jpdhyhd nghw;Nfhsnkhd;W Kw;whf ePupy; mkpo;e;j
8000kgm3
tz;zk; kpjf;fpd;wJ. Nfhsj;jpd; fdtstpw;Fk; me;jj; jputpaj;jpd; fdtstpw;Fk;
,ilapyhd tpfpjk; ahJ?
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25. xU nghUshdJ 0.8 jd;dPu;g;Gila jputj;jpy; Kw;whf mkpo;ejpUf;Fk; NghJ 100g

Njhw;w epiwAk;> 1.2 jd;dPu;g;Gila jputj;jpy; Kw;whf mkpo;e;jpUf;Fk; NghJ 90g
Njhw;w epiwAk; cilajhf fhzg;gl;lJ. mg;nghUspd; jd;dPu;g;G ahJ?
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26. 1.5 jd;dPu;g;G cila jputj;jpy; 1.2 jd;dPu;g;Gila nghUs; xd;W gFjpahf mkpo;e;jpUf;f
kpjf;fpd;wJ. ,jd; kPJ 4kg jpzpT itf;fg;gl nghUs; kl;Lkl;lhf mkpo;e;J kpjg;gpd;
nghUspd; fdtsT ahJ?
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27. kuj;jpd; mlu;j;jp 600kgm3 ,Nj kuj;jhyhd rJuKfp xd;W jdf;Fs; Xu; ,Uk;Gf;Fz;ilf;
nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,jd; nkhj;jf; fdtsT 70cm3 MFk;. ,Uk;gpd; mlu;j;jp 7600kgm3
MFk;. njhFjp Jha ePupy; Kw;whf mkpo;e;J kpjg;gpd; Fz;bd; fdtsT ahJ?
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28. ghukw;w gYhd; xd;W P mKf;fj;jpy;> V fdtsT> M %yf;$w;Wj; jpzpTs;s ,yl;rpa

thAitf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. tspkz;ly tspapd; mlu;j;jp  MfTk; tspapd; ntg;gepiy
T K MfTk; ,Ue;jJ. ,t; tspapy; Fwpg;gplg; gl;l gYhdhdJ tpLtpf; fg;gl mJ
Nky;Nehf;f p Mu;KLfy; f cld; ,aq;fpaJ. vdpd; gYhdpd; ,af;f r; rkd;ghL
PVM
Vg 
RT
 g  f vdf; fhl;Lf.

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29. Xu; Mw;wpd; Nkw;gug;gpypUe;J h Moj;jpy; d mlu;j;jpAk;> V fdtsTk;> cila jpz;kf;

Nfhsk; xd;W gpbf;fg;gl;L tpLtpf;fg;gl mJ jput Nkw;gug;Gf;F NkNy vt;tsT cauk;
caUnkdf; fhz;f. Mw;W ePupd; mlu;j;jp     d  vdTk;> Nfhsk; jputNkw;gug;ig
jhz;Lk; NghJ rf;jp ,og;G Vw;gltpy;iy vdTk; nfhs;f.
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30. Xu; ghj;jpuj;jpDs; jputk; vLf;fg;gl;L mg;ghj;jpuk; fpilahf Mu;KLfy; f cld;
efu;j;jg;gLk; NghJ jput Nkw;gug;G fpilAld; vd;d rha;tpy; ,Uf;Fk;?
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31. ghj;jpuk; xd;wpDs; jputk; vLf;fg;gl;L ghj;jpukhdJ fpilahf Mu;KLf;fg; gLfpd;wJ.

mg;NghJ jput Nkw;gug;G fpilAld; 30o rha;it Vw;gLj;jpd; ghj;jpuj;jpd; Mu;KLfy;
ahJ?
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32. xU fdtbt %ba ghj;jpukhdJ mjd; miug;gq;fpw;F ePiuf; nfhz;L cs;sJ. ,g;
ghj;jpukhdJ fpilAld; 30o rha;thff; fPo; Nehf;fp 2g Mu;KLfYld; ,Of;fg;gbd;
mg; ghj;jpuj;jpDs; jputj;jpd; epiyia tiue;J fhl;Lf.
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33. NkNy tpdh (354) ,y; ghj;jpukhdJ fPo; Nehf;fp 2g Mu;KLfYld; mirf;fg;gbd;
ghj;jpuj;jpDs; jputj;jpd; epiyia tiue;J fhl;Lf.
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34. ghj;jpuj;jpDs; ,Nyrhd V fdtsTila ge;J xd;W ,Nyrhd ,io xd;wpdhy;

fl;btplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ghj;jpuk; Mu;KLfy; a   g)  cld; fPo;Nehf;fp mirf;fg;gLk;
; p  MFk;.
NghJ ,ioapYs;s ,Oitia fhz;f. jputj;jpd; mlu;jj
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35. jputk; xd;iwf; nfhz;l ghj;jpuj;jpd; mbg;gFjpapy; tspf;Fkpop xd;W cUthFk; fzj;jpy;
ghj;jpuk; RahjPdkhf tpotplg;gLfpd;wJ. ghj;jpuk; rhu;ghf tspf;Fkpopd; ,af;fk; gw;wp
ahJ $WtPu;?
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36. fPOs;s xt;nthU re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; ghj;jpuk; fhl;bathW ,aq;fr; nra;ag;gLk; NghJ
jputj;jpd; epiyiaAk; ,ioapd; epiyiaAk; tiue;J fhl;Lf.
(1)
(2)
o
30
2g
(3)
(4)
xg;gkhd rha;jsj;jpy;
RahjPdkhf ,aq;Fk;
NghJ>
(5) 

37.  mlu;j;jp cila jputk; xd;iwf; nfhz;l ghj;jpuk; xd;wpDs; nghUs; xd;W jdJ
fdtstpd; v mkpo;e;jpUf;f RahjPdkhf kpjf;fpwJ. ,j;njhFjp fPo; Nehf;fp Mu;KLfy;
fo   g  cld; efu;j;jg;gbd; nghUSf;F nfhLf;fg;gLk; NkYijg;G ahJ?
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38. NkNy tpdh (359) ,y; njhFjpahdJ Nky;Nehf;fp mNj Mu;KLfYld; mirf;fg;gbd;
jputj;jpdhy; nghUSf;F nfhLf;fg;gLk; NkYijg;G ahJ?
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39.a. rPuhd FWf;Fntl;Lg;gug;Gila msTr;rhbapDs; 2000ml kl;lj;jpw;F vz;nza; cs;sJ.

mt;ntz;izapd; mlu;j;jp 800kgm MFk;. mjDs; 400g jpzpTila gdpf;fl;b
3
Nghlg;gl;lJk; msTr;rhbapy; vz;iz kl;lk; ahjhf ,Uf;Fk;? gpd;du; gdpf;fl;b cUfpa

gpd;du; msTr;rhbapy; vz;iz kl;lk; ahJ? (gdpf;fl;bapd; mlu;j;jp 900kgm3 vdf;
nfhs;f)
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b. rPuhd FWf;Fntl;Lg;gug;Gila msTr;rhbapDs; 2000ml kl;lj;jpw;F jputk; xd;W cs;sJ.

mj; jputj; jpd; mlu;j ;jp 2000kgm3 MFk;. mjDs; 400g jpzpTila gdpf;f l;b
Nghlg;gl;lJk; msTr;rhbapy; jput kl;lk; ahjhf ,Uf;Fk;? gpd;du; gdpf;fl;b cUfpa
gpd;du; msTr;rhbapy; jput kl;lk; ahJ? (gdpf;fl;bapd; mlu;j;jp 900kgm3 vdf; nfhs;f)
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c. rPuhd FWf;Fntl;Lg;gug;Gila msTr;rhbapDs; 2000ml kl;lj;jpw;F jputk; xd;W cs;sJ.

mj; jputj; jpd; mlu;j ;jp 2000kgm3 MFk;. mjDs; 400g jpzpTila gdpf;f l;b
Nghlg;gl;lJk; msTr;rhbapy; jput kl;lk; ahjhf ,Uf;Fk;? gpd;du; gdpf;fl;b cUfpa
gpd;du; msTr;rhbapy; jput kl;lk; ahJ? (gdpf;fl;bapd; mlu;j;jp 900kgm3 vdf; nfhs;f)
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40. ghj;jpuk; xd;wpYs;s d mlu;j;jpAila jputk; xd;wpDs; gdpf;fl;b xd;W kpjf;fpd;wJ.
ePupd; mlu;j;jp  vdpd; gdpf;fl;b cUFk; NghJ gpd;tUk; re;ju;g;gq;fspy; ghj;jpuj;jpYs;s
jputkl;l epiyf;F ahJ epfOk; vdj; jUf.
1. d   MFk; NghJ :
2. d   MFk; NghJ :
3. d   MFk; NghJ :
41. Nkirj;juhR xd;wpd; kPJ ePu; nfhz;l Kfit itf;fg;gl;Ls;s NghJ mjd; thrpg;G
3.5kg MFk;. mjDs; 2kg jpzpTila jf;if kpjf;f tplg;gLk; NghJ juhrpd; thrpg;G
ahJ?
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42. Nkirj; juhR xd;wpd; kPJ ePiuf;nfhz;l Kfit xd;iw itj;jNghJ juhrpd; thrpg;G
1.96kg MFk;. 0.48kg jpzpTk; 2.4 rhulu;j;jpAk; cila fy;nyhd;W ,ioapdhy;
njhq;ftplg;gl;L glj;jpy; fhl;bathW ePupDs; Kw;whf mkpo;e;jpUf;FkhW gpbf;fg;gbd;
juhrpd; thrpg;G ahJ?
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43. ePiuf; nfhz;l ghj;jpunkhd;W Nkirj; juhR xd;wpy; itf;fg;gl;L cs;sJ. juhrpd;
thrpg;G 12kg MFk;. ,g;NghJ 8000kgm3 mlu;j;jp cila cUf;fpdhyhd 16kg jpzpTila
jpz;kf; Nfhsnkhd;W ePupy; Kw;whf mkpo;e;jpUf;FkhW Mdhy; ghj;jpuq;fspd; Rtu;fis
njhlhjthW ,io xd;wpd; cjtpahy; gpbf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. jw;NghJ juhrpd; thrpg;G
ahJ?
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44. fhl;lg;gl;l epiyapy; fPo;> Nky; juhRfspd; thrpg;Gf;fs; KiwNa

30kg,10kg MFk;. jpzpT NkNy Jhf;fg;gl Nky;j;juhrpd; thrpg;G 15kg
MFk;. 10kg
a. njhl;b> jputj;jpd; nkhj;jj; jpzpT ahJ?
b. ,io mWf;fg;gbd; fPo;j;juhrpd; thrpg;G ahJ?
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.................................................................................................................... 30kg
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45. fhl;bathW ePu; Nkw;gug;gpw;F rw;W Nky; ,Uk;Gj; jpz;k T
cUisahdJ ,io xd;wpdhy; njhq;ftplg;gl;L ,Ug;gij
glk; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. cUis nkJthf ePupDs; ,wf;fg;gLk;
NghJ eP u pdhy; cUisf; F nfhLf; f g; g Lk; NkYijg; G >
,ioapYs;s ,Oit vd;gd cUis fPopwq;Fk; Mok; x
cld; khWgLtijf; fhl;Lfpd;w tiuGfis jdpj;jdpNa H
tiuf.
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x
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46. Xu; msTr;rhbapDs; 1250kgm3 mlu;j;jpAila vz;nza; cs;sJ. mjDs; 950kgm3

mlu;j;jp cila gdpf;fl;bf; Fw;wp xd;W Kw;whf mkpo;e;jpUf;FkhW ,io xd;wpdhy;
,Oj;Jf; fl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j epiyapy; msTr;rhb thrpg;G 20000cm3 MFk;. mj;Jld;
,ioapYs;s ,Oit 30N Mapd; gdpf;fl;b Kw;whf cUfpa gpd;du; msTr;rhbapd;
thrpg;G ahJ?
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47. ePu; Nkw;gug;ig kl;lhfj; njhLkhW fhl;ba ,io xd;wpdhy; Xu; ,Uk;Gf; Nfhsk;
njhq;ftplg;gl;L cs;sJ. Nfhsk; nkJthf fPo; Nehf;fp ,wf;fg;gl ePupDs; ,wq;Fk;
Moj;Jld; Nfhsj;jpy; njhopw;gLk; NkYijg;G> ,ioapYs;s ,Oit vd;gd khWgLk;
tpjj;ij jdpj;jdpNa tiuG gLj;Jf.
48. ePiuf;nfhz;l ghj;jpuk; xd;W nky;ypa Nfhypd; Nky; jhq;fg;gLtijg; glk; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
,g;NghJ glj;jpy; fhl;bAs;sthW ePupy; kpjf;$ba xU jpzpT tyJ gf;fj;jpy; nkJthf
itf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ghj;jpuj;jpd; rkepiy gw;wp ahJ $WtPu;?
................................................................................................................................................
49. ePiuf;nfhz;l ghj;jpuk; xd;W xU nky;ypa Nfhypd; Nky; rkepiyapy; jhq;fg;gl;Ls;sij

glk; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,g;NghJ glj;jpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ Nghy; ePupy; kpjf;ff; $ba xU
jpzpT tyJ gf;fj;jpYk; mNj fzj;jpy; ePupy; mkpof;$ba mNj jpzpTila ,d;ndhU
nghUs; ,lJ gf;fj;jpy; nkJthf itf;fg;gbd; ghj;jpuj;jpd; rkepiy gw;wp ahJ $WtPu;?
................................................................................................................................................
50. jl;ilahd mbia cila thsp xd;W  mlu;j;jp cila jputnkhd;wpdhy; h

cauj;jpw;F epug;gg;gl;L cs;sJ. thspapd; mbg;gug;gsT A MfTk; thspapYs;s jputj;jpd;
fdtsT V MfTk; ,Ug;gpd; thspapd; tise;j gug;gpdhy; jputj;jpw;F nfhLf;fg;gLk;
tpisAs; tpirapd; gUkidAk; jpiriaAk; fPOs;s re;ju;g;gq;fspy; fhz;f.
a. ...............................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
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h
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b. ...............................................................................................................................................
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h
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51. %ba Kw;whf ePiuf; nfhz;l ghj;jpuj;jpy; B vd;Dk; ,Uk;Gf; Fz;Lk;> A vd;Dk;
,wg;gu;g; ge;Jk; fhl;ba epiyfspy; cs;sd. ,g;NghJ ghj;jpukhdJ epiyf;Fj;jhf
fPo;Nehf;fp 2g vd;Dk; Mu;KLfYld; efu;j;jg;gbd; ghj;jpuk; rhu;ghf A, B ,d; ,af;fk;
gw;wpf; $Wf.
................................................................................................................................................
A
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B
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52. epiyahf cs;s ghj;jpuj;jpy; h cauj;jpw;F  mlu;j;jpAila jputk; ,Ug;gpd; tspkz;ly

mKf;fk;  Mf cs;s NghJ ghj;jpuj;jpd; mbapy; cs;s mKf;fk; ahJ?
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53. NkNy tpdh (52) ,y; jput Nkw;gug;gpy; ,Ue;J jputj;jpd; Moj;Jld; mKf;fk;
khWgLtijf; fhl;Lk; tiuig tiuf.
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54. mUfpYs;s glj;jpy; fhl;bathW xd;Wld; xd;W fyf;fhj jputq;fs; cs;s NghJ A
,ypUe;J B tiu Moj;Jld; mKf;fk; khWgLtijf; fhl;Lk; tiuig tiuf.
A
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1
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2
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B
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55. h cauj;jpw;F ePiuf;nfhz;l ghj;jpuk; xd;wpd; mbapy; Jthuk; xd;W ,lg;gl;L mJ

RahjPdkhf tpotplg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;epiyapy; ghj;jpuj;jpDs; cs;s ePu; epuypd; cauk;
Neuj;Jld; khWgLk; tpjj;ij tiuG gLj;Jf.
56. glj;jpy; fhl;bathW xg;gkhd fpilj; jsj;jpYs;s epiyf;Fj;Jj; jhq;fpapy; H cauj;jpw;F

jputk; cs;sJ. Nkw;gug;gpypUe;J h Moj;jpy; thy;T xd;W nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. jhq;fp
fpilahf mirahjthW gpbf;fg;gl;L thy;T jpwf;fg;gLfpwJ. jputk; jhq;fpapd; mbapypUe;J
vt;tsT Jhuj;jpy; jiuia mbf;Fk;?
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h
T
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H
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57. NkNy tpdh (56) ,y; jhq;fp miratplg;gbd; thy;T jpwf;fg;gLk; fzj;jpy; ghj;jpuj;jpy;
njhopw;gLk; fpil tpir ahJ? thy;gpd; FWf;F ntl;Lg;gug;G A ck;> jputj;jpd;
; p  ck; MFk;.
mlu;jj
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58. NkNy tpdh (56) ,y; jhq;fpapd; mbapypUe;J h cauj;jpy; thy;T ,Ue;jpUg;gpd;
jiuia mbf;Fk; Jhuk; vt;tsthf ,Uf;Fk;?
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59. Xu; cau;j;jpapd; kPJ h cauj;jpw;F  mlu;j;jpAila jputj;ij nfhz;l ghj;jpukhdJ
itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. cau;j;jpahdJ Nky;Nehf;fp f Mu;KLfYld; ,aq;F k; NghJ
ghj;jpuj;jpd; mbapy; cs;s mKf;fk; ahJ? (tspkz;ly mKf;fk;  vd;f)
........................................................................................................................ f
........................................................................................................................ h
........................................................................................................................
60. jputj;ij nfhz;l ghj;jpuk; xd;iw fpilahf f Mu;KLfYld; mirf;Fk; NghJ

jputk; glj;jpy; fhl;bathW mikfpd;wJ. ghj;jpuj;jpd; mfyk; a vdpd; h  h 
1 2 ,d;
ngWkjp ahJ?
............................................................................................................
f
............................................................................................................ h1
h2
............................................................................................................
a
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61. a ,ilj;Jhuj;jpy; cs;s ,U epiyf;Fj;Jg; Gaq;fisf; nfhz;l U FohapDs; jputk;

vLf;fg;gl;L mJ tyg;gf;fkhf Mu;KLfy; f cld; fpilahf mirf;Fk; NghJ Gaq;fspy;
cs;s jputkl;l tpj;jpahrk; ahJ?
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62. fhl;bathwhd ghj;jpuj;jpDs; Kw;whf  mlu;j;jpAila jputk; epug;gg;g l;Ls; sJ.
epow;wg;gl;l gFjpahy; jputj;jpw;F toq;fg;gLk; tpisAs; kWjhf;fj;jpd; gUkidAk;
jpiriaAk; fhz;f.
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r h
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h 2r
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63. a MiuAila miuf; Nfhs ghj;jpukhdJ mjd; jl;ilahd Kfk; fpilNkirapy;

,Uf;f itf;fg;gl;L mjDs; Kw;whf  mlu;j;jpAila jputk; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. vdpd;
ghj;jpuj;jpd; tisgug;gpdhy; jputj;jpw;F nfhLf;fg;gLk; tpisAs; cijg;G ahJ?
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64. mlu;j;jpAila jputk; xd;wpDs; Xu; ,ioapdhy; m jpzpTs;s jpz;k cUtq;fs;

Kw;whf mkpo;e;jpUf;FkhW jhq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,ioapYs;s ,Oitia fhz;f.
T
a. ...............................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
h
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2r 2h
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b. ...............................................................................................................................................
T
................................................................................................................................................
h
................................................................................................................................................
m
................................................................................................................................................
a
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65. fhl;bathwhd ghj;jpuj;jpDs; jd;dPu;g;G 1 2 Mf cila jpz;k cUisf; Fw;wpahdJ

itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ghj;jpuj;jpDs; khwh tPjj;jpy; ePu; tplg;gl ghj;jpuj;jpDs; ePu; VWk;
cauk; x cld; ghj;jpuj;jpd; mbj;jsj;jpdhy; cUisf;F nfhLf;fg;gLk; kWjhf;fk;
R kWgLtijf; fhl;Lk; tiuig tiuf.
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x
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66. NkNy cs;s tpdh (65) ,y; cUisf; Fw;wpahdJ jd;dPu;g;G 2 cila jputj;jpdhy;
Mf;fg;gl;ljhapd; kWjhf;fk; R MdJ x cld; khWgLtijf; fhl;Lk; tiuig tiuf.
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66. nghJ ePukhdp xd;wpy; 0.5 ,ypUe;J 1.5 tiu mstplg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mapd; jz;bd;
eLg;gFjpapy; thrpg;G ahJ?
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67. nghJ ePukhdp jputk; xd;wpDs; mkpo;e;Js;s NghJ jputkl;lj;jpw;F ntspNa cs;s
jz;bd; cauk; jputj;jpd; rhulu;j;jpAld; khWgLk; tpjj;ij mwpa Nfhit xd;iwg;
ngWf. ,jpypUe;J Neu; Nfhl;L tiuG xd;iw tiuf.
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68. A, B vd;Dk; ,U jputq;fs; U Foha; xd;wpDs; fhl;bathW cs;sd. mtw;wpd;
mlu;j;jpfSf;fpilapyhd tpfpjj;ijf; fhz;f.
......................................................................................................
...................................................................................................... A
50cm
30cm B
......................................................................................................
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69. 1cm2 ,100cm2FWf;Fntl;Lg;gug;Gfisf; nfhz;l U FohapDs; mKf;fKbahj jputk;

vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mfd;w Gaj;jpy; 2000kg jpzpTila fhu; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjid
rkepiyapy; NgZtjw;F rpwpa gaj;jpy; gpuNahfpf;f Ntz;ba tpir ahJ?
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70. Vaupd; Ma;fUtpapy; A, B vd;Dk; ,U jputq;fspd; mlu;j;jpfis

xg;gpl gupNrhjid nra;Ak; NghJ epiyf;Fj;Jg; Gaq;fspy;
fhl;bathW jput epuy;fspd; cauq;fs; mike;jJ vdpd; T
jputq;fs; A, B ,d; mluj;jpfspd; tpfpjk; ahJ?
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
60cm
40cm
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
A B
......................................................................................................

71. xU U Fohapd; Gaq;fs; epiyf;Fj;jhf itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. U Fohapd; mbapy; ,urk;
tplg;gl;Ls;sJ. xU Gaj;jpy; 25.2cm ePUk; kWGaj;jpy; 20cm fpspruPDk; tplg;gl;l nghJ
,U Gaq;fspYk; ,urkl;lq;fs; xNu fpil kl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;jd. fpspruPdpd; mlu;j;jp
ahJ?
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72. xU U Fohapd; mbapy; ,urk; cs;sJ. ,U Gaq;fspYk; cs;s ,urkl;l tpj;jpahrk;

4cm MFk; tiu xU Gaj;jpDs; 800kgm mlu;j;jpAila vz;nza; tplg;gLfpd;wJ.
3
; p 13600kgm3 vdpd; tplg;gl;l vz;nza;apd; cauj;ijf; fhz;f.

,urj;jpd; mlu;jj
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73. L tbtf; Fohia fhl;bathW fpilahf f vd;Dk; Mu;KLfYld; mirf;Fk; NghJ

jputk; fhl;bathW ,Ue;jJ vdpd; Mu;KLfy; f ,d; ngWkjp ahJ?
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f
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20cm
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10cm

74. xU Vaupd; Ma; fUtpapy; xU Gaj;j pd; jpwe;j Kid 1850kgm3 mlu;j; jpAila
ry;g+upf;fkpyj;jpYk; kWGaj;jpd; jpwe;j Kid 850kgm3 mlu;j;jpAila vz;izapYk;
itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mkpyk; cs;s Gaj;jpNy 17cm ,w;F mkpyk; caUk; tiu fhw;whdJ
cwpQ;rg;gLfpd;wJ. kw;iwa Gaj;jpYs;s vz;nza; epuypd; cauj;ijf; fhz;f.
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A B
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75. 10cm2 FWf;F ntl;Lg;gug;Gk; 10cm cauKk; cila xU <a cUis ePupy; mkpo;e;Js;sJ.
mjw;F ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;s ePsh ,ioapdhy; mjd; mr;R epiyf;Fj;jhf ,Uf;FkhW
gpbf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,io jhq;ff;$ba mjpAau; ,Oit 10.4N vdpd; mt;TUisapd;
vd;d ePsk; jputg;gug;gpw;F ntspNa tUk; NghJ ,ioahdJ mWk;? (<aj;jpd; mlu;j;jp
11000kgm 3 MFk;)
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76. fPNo fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s jhq;fpapYs;s jputkl;lk; khwhJ Ngzg;gLfpd;wJ. jhq;fpapy;
fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s JisfspDhL jputk; ntspNawp ,aq;Fk; ghijia tiue;J fhl;Lf.
 xU jputj;jpd; rhulu;j;jpiaj; Jzpjy;>
xU jputj;jpd; rhulu;j;jpia rhulu;j;jpg; Nghj;jy; xd;iw

cgNahfpj;J kpfj; jpUj;jkhf Jzpayhk;.
i. rhulu;j;jpg; Nghj;jypd; Kf;fpa gad;ghL ahJ?
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ii. rhulu;j;jpg;Nghj;jy; Ez;zpa Jthuj;ij cila ,Wf;fkhfg;

nghUe;Jk; fz;zhbj; jf;ifiaf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,jd;
cgNahfk; ahJ?
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iii. rhulu;j;jpg; Nghj;jiy gad;gLj;j Kd; mjid Jha;ikg;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,jid

ePu; vt;thW Nkw;nfhs;tuP ;?
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iv. gupNrhjidapd; NghJ vLf;fNtz;ba mstPLfisj; jUf.

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v. xt;nthU mstPLfisAk; vLf;f Kd;du; ePu; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba xU Kw;fhg;G ahJ?
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vi. vLf;fg;gl;l mstPLfspd; mbg;gilapy; jputj;jpd; rhu; mlu;j;jpf;F Xu; Nfhitiaj;

jUf.
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vii. mj;jputj;jpd; mlu;j;jpf;fhd Nfhitiaj; jUf.
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 jf;if xd;wpd; mlu;j;jp Jzpjy;:
jf;if Nghd;w ePupy; kpjf;Fk; nghUspd; mlu;j;jpia Mopnahd;iwg; gpuNahfpj;J

gpd;tUkhW fhzyhk;. tspapy; jf;ifapd; epiwiaf; fhz;f (w1 ) . jf;if tspapYk;
Mop ePupYk; mkpo;e;jpUf;f ,uz;ilAk; xd;Wld; njhLj;J mtw;wpd; epiwia fhz;f
(w2 ) . gpd;G jf;ifAk; MopAk; ePupy; mkpo;e;jpUf;f epiwiaf; fhz;f (w3 ) .
tspapy; jf;ifapd; epiw 

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jf;ifapd; kPJ NkYijg;G 
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 jf;ifapd; rhulu;j;jp 
 jputnkhd;wpd; mlu;j;jp:;:
jputj; j py; fiuahj jpz; k nkhd; i w

tspapy; epWf;f (w1 ) . gpd;G Kw;whf mlu;j;jp
Jzpa Ntz;ba jputj;jpy; mkpo;e;jpUf;f
epWf;f (w2 ) . mLj;jjhf jpz;kk;> ePupy;
Kw;whf mkpo;e;jpUf;f epWf;f (w3 ) .
jputj;jpy; NkYijg;G 
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ePupy; NkYijg;G 
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 jputj;jpd; rhulu;j;jp 

 khwh epiw vspa ePukhdp> - Simple Hydrometer
ePukhdp jputnkhd;wpd; rhulu;j;jpia my;yJ mlu;j;jpia msg;gjw;F xU fUtpahFk;.

ghypdJk;> kJrhuq;fspdJk;> Nrkpg;Gf;fy mkpyq;fspdJk; rhulu;jj
; pfis msf;f ,f;fUtp
kpfTk; gad;gLfpd;wJ.
xU RikNaw;wg;gl;l Nrhjidf; Foha; my;yJ mbapy; <aj; Jz;L nghUj;jg;gl;l

rPuhd ntl;L Kfg;G ila Fwpj;j ePs Kila Nfhy; Nghd;wtw;i w ePukhdpahfj;
njhopw;gLj;j yhk;.
mUfpYs;s glj;jpy; mbapy; RikNaw;wg;gl;l rPuhd FWf;Fntl;Lg; gug;Gila Foha;

xd;W jputj;jpy; mkpo;j;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. jputj;jpy; mkpo;e;Js;s ghfj;jpd; ePsk; BC  h
vdpd;>
A:
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:
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W:
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xU jputj;jpd; mlu;j;jpahdJ mj;jputj;jpy; mkpo;e;Js;s Fohapd;

Moj;jpw;F Neu;khW tpfpj rkdhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,jpypUe;J jputq;fspd;
mlu;j;jpfis Jzpa KbAk;.
 nra;Kiw ePukhdp - Hydrometer
nra;Kiwapy; xU ePukhdp xLq;fpa rPuhd jz;ilAk; mjd; fPo; xU

mfykhd FkpioAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,jd; mbapy; VjhtJ ghukhd
nghUs; my;y J <ar; rd;dq;fs; Nru;f;fg;gLk;. mjdhy; ePukhdp
epiyf;Fj;jhf jputj;jpy; kpjf;Fk;.
ePukhdpapd; nkhj;jf; fdtsT V MfTk; jz;bd; ntl;LKfg; gug;G

A MfTk; ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ  vd;Dk; mlu;j;jpia cila jputj;jpy;
ePukhdp mjd; jz;bd; L vd;Dk; ePsk; jputj;jpw;F Nky; ,Uf;f
kpjg;gpd;>

ePukhdpapd; epiw 
,lk;ngau;f;fg;gl;l jpuj;jpd; fdtsT 
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nghJthf ePukhdpfs; kpjf;Fk; NghJ Nkw;gug;gpOtpir nraw;gLtjhy; fPo;Kfkhf

,Of;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,jdhy; tO Vw;gl NeupLfpd;wJ. vdNt mlu;j;jp JzpjYf;F
rhulu;j;jpg; Nghj;jy; KiwahdJ ePukhdp KiwapYk; rpwe;jjhFk;.
Note:
xU jputj;jpy; fpilahf cs;s vy;yhg; Gs;spfspYk; mKf;fq;fs; rkdhFk;.
ghj;jpuk; vt;tbtj;jpy; ,Ug;gpDk; jputk; xNu cauj;ij nfhs;Sk;. mjhtJ xNu

kl;lj;jpy; mKf;fk; rkdhFk; vd;gij ,jpypUe;J tpsq;fpf; nfhs;syhk;.
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 u Fohiag; gad;gLj;jp jputk; xd;wpd; mlu;j;jpiaj; Jzpjy;
xd;Nwhnlhd;W fyf;Fkpay;G ,y;yhj jputq;fspd; mlu;j;jpfis xg;gpLtjw;F my;yJ

xU jputj;jpd; mlu;j;jp jug;gLk; NghJ kw;iwa jputj;jpd; mlu;j;jpia Jzptjw;F ,k;
Kiw rpwe;jjhFk;.
Gak; A ,Ys;s jputj;jpd; mlu;jj

; p A ck;> Gak; B ,Ys;s jputj;jpd; mlu;j;jp
 B ck; MFk; vdf; nfhs;f.
A B
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h2
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 Vaupd; Ma;fUtpia gad;gLj;jp jputq;fspd; mlu;j;jpiaj; Jzpjy;
,k; K iwapdhy; xd; N whnlhd; W fyf; F k; ,ay; G s; s

jputq;fspd; mlu;j;jpfisAk; xg;gpl KbAk;. A, B vd;gd
mlu;j;jpfis cila ,U jputq;fshFk;. thy;G T
A ,  B Po
,Dhlhf cwpQ;Rk;nghOJ jptq;fs; Gaq;fspy; NknyOk;.
Kf i t a py ; c s ;s jpu t kl ;lq ;f s pw ;F Nk Y s ;s
jputepuy;fspd; cauq;fs; h1,h2 mstplg;gLk;. tspkz;ly
mKf;fk;  vd;f.
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C1 C2
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X Y

 tpw;wuhrpd; thrpg;G
 Nkirj;juhrpd; thrpg;G
78. cU (1) ,y; fhl;ba epiyapy; tpw;juhrpd; thrpg;G 3kg ck; Nkrj;juhrpd; thrpg;G 12kg
ck; MFk;. cU (2) ,y; fhl;bathW mkpo;j;jg;gl;Ls;s epiyapy; nghUspy; njhopw;gLk;
NkYijg;G 10N MFk;. me;epiyapy; mt;tpU juhRfspdJk; thrpg;Gf;fs; vd;d?
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................................................................... cU (1) cU (2)

 mUtpf; Nfhl;Lg; gha;r;ry; - Steam Line Flow
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 nfhe;jspg;Gg; gha;r;ry; - Turbulant Flow
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 fdtsTg; gha;r;ry; tPjk;
Foha; xd;wpDhL jputk; gha;e;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ mjd; ahjhapDk; xU FWf;F

ntl;Lg; gug;ig myF Neuj;jpy; jhz;br; nry;Yk; ghapapd; fdtsT mf;FWf;F
ntl;Lg;gug;gpDhlhd fdtsTg; gha;r;ry; tPjk; vdg;gLk;.
FWf; F ntl; L g; g ug; G A cila FohapDhL V Ntfj; j py;  mlu; j ; j pAila

neUf;fw;jftw;w ghap ghAk; NghJ>
fdtsTg; gha;r;ry; tPjk; 
jpzpTg; gha;r;ry; tPjk; 

 njhlu;r;rpapaw; rkd;ghL - Continuity Equation
FWf;F ntl;Lg;gug;G khWgLk; FohapDhL Xu; ghapahdJ gha;e;J nfhz;Ls;s NghJ

ghapapdJ neUf;fw; jfT mw;wjhapd; ve;jnthU FWf;F ntl;Lg; gug;gpDhlhd gha;r;ry;
tPjKk; rkdhf ,Uf;Fk;.
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01. xU Foha; xd;wpd; ,UNtW ,lq;fspYs;s FWf;Fntl;Lg; gug;Gf;fs; 4cm2 ck;> 2cm2
ck; MFk;. ngupa FWf;Fntl;Lg;gug;Gila ,lj;jpy; Ntfk; 2ms 1 Mapd; rpwpa
FWf;Fntl;Lg;gug;Gila ,lj;jpy; Ntfk; ahJ?
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02. ntt;NtW FWf;F ntl;Lg; gug;Gf;fis cila Foha; xd;wpd; Miu Xuplj;jpy; 2cm
ck; ,d;Ndhu; ,lj;jpy; 1cm ck; MFk;. mjDhL ghAk; ghap neUf;fw;jfT mw;wJk;>
1cm MiuAs;s ,lj;jpy; mjd; Ntfk; 8ms1 ck; Mapd; 2cm MiuAila ,lj;jpy;
mjd; Ntfk; ahJ?
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03. fhl;bathwhd FohapDhL neUf;fw; jftw;w ghap cWjpahf ghAk; NghJ mfd;w
gFjpapy; ghapapd; Ntfk; 1ms1 Mapd; xLq;fpa gFjpapy; ghapapd; Ntfk; ahJ?
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v
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1ms-1
2R
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04. xU G+thsp 150 rpwpa Jspfis nfhz;lJ. ,it 2mm2 FWf;Fntl;Lg; gug;igf;
nfhz;lJ. g+thspf; FohapDs; 3  10 3 m3s 1 vDk; tPjj;jpy; ePu; nrYj;jg;gbd; JisapypUe;J
ntspNaWk; jputj;jpd; ruhrup Ntfk; ahJ?
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05. fhl;ba FohapypUe;J mUtpahf jputk; ntspNaWfpd;wJ. ntspNaWk; ,lj;jpy; jputj;jpd;

Ntfk; v ck; FWf;F ntl;Lg; gug;G A ck; MFk;. ntspNaWk; ,lj;jpypUe;J h
Moj;jpy; mUtpapd; FWf;F ntl;Lg; gug;G ahJ?
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A
v
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h
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06. ngupa FWf;F ntl;Lila jhq;fpapy; h cauj;jpw;F  mlu;jpAila jputk; cs;sJ.
ghj;jpuj;jpd; mbapy; A FWf;F ntl;Lila rpwpa Jthuk; ,lg;gbd;>
a. Jthuj;jpDhL jputk; ghAk; Ntfk; ahJ?
b. Jthuj;jpDhlhfj; jputg; gha;r;ry; tPjk; ahJ?
c. Jthuj;jpDhlhfj; jputj;jpd; jpzpTg; gha;r;ry; tPjk; ahJ?
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 NgZypapd; jj;Jtk; - Bernoulli’s Theorem
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xU tpirapdhy; Ntiy  tpir  efu;e;j Jhuk;

 mKf;fk;  gug;G  efu;e;j Jhuk;
 mKf;fk;  fdtsT
myF fdtstpy; nra;ag;gl;l Ntiy  mKf;fk;
FohapDhL jputk; ghAk; NghJ mKf;f NtWghl;lhy;

myF fdtstpy; nra;ag;gl;l Ntiy 
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myF fdtsT jputk; ngWk; ,af;f rf;jp 
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myF fdtsT jputk; ngWk; epiyg;gz;G rf;jp 
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07. ghj;jpuk; xd;wpy; h cauj;jpw;F jputk; Ngzg;gLk; NghJ ghj;jpuj;jpd; mbapYs;s rpwpa
Jthuj;jpypUe;J jputk; ntspNaWk; Ntfk; ahJ?
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08. A1 FWf;Fntl;Lg;gug;Gila ghj;jpuk; xd;wpd; mbapy; A2 FWf;Fntl;Lg; gug;Gila

Jis xd;W cs;sJ. ghj;jpuj;jpDs; h cauj;jpw;F  mlu;j;jpAila jputk; cs;s
NghJ JisapDhL jputk; ntspNaWk; Ntfk; ahJ?
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 nte;Jhupkhdp - Venturi Meter
nte;JhupkhdpapDhL jputk; ghAk; NghJ Gs;spfs; 1,2 ,y; cs;s mKf;fq;fSf;F

Vw;wthW epiyf;Fj;Jg; Gaq;fspy; jputkl;lk; VWk;.
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09. 40cm2 FWf;F ntl;Lg; gug;Gila fpilahd Foha; xd;wpy; xU ,lj; jpy; 10cm2
FWf;Fntl;Lg; gug;Gilajhf Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mt;tplj;jpy; ePupd; Ntfk; 8ms1 MFk;.
a. mfd;w ,lj;jpy; Ntfk; ahJ?
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b. mfd;w ,lj;jpy; mKf;fk; 1  105 Pa vdpd; xLq;fpa ,lj;jpy; mKf;fk; ahJ?
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10. fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s fpilf;Fohapy; mfd;w gFjpapd; FWf;Fntl;Lg; gug;G 4cm2 ck; xLq;fpa
gFjpapd; FWf;Fntl;Lg; gug;G 1cm2 ck; MFk;. FohapDhlhd jputg; gha;r;ry; tPjk;
400cm3s 1 MfTk; jputj;jpd; mlu;j;jp 1000kgm3 MfTk; ,Ug;gpd; jputk; NgZapapd;
jj;Jtj;jpw;fika ghAk; NghJ P1  P2 ,d; ngWkjpiaf; fhz;f.
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11. fhl;ba FohapDhL mUtpf; Nfhl;Lg;gha;r;rypy; neUf;Fk; jftw;w ghFik mw;w ghap
xd;W gha;e;J nfhz;Ls;s NghJ mfd;w gFjpapy; mjd; Ntfk; V Mapd; jputkl;l
tpj;jpahrj;ij V ,d; rhu;gpy; fhz;f.
r
2r
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12. fhl;bathwhd FohapDhL neUf;fw; jfT mw;w jputk; gha;e;J nfhz;Ls;sJ. A,

B,C,Ys;s Gs;spfapy; Ntfq;fs; KiwNa VA , VB ,VC MfTk; mKf;fq;fs; PA ,PB ,PC
MfTk; ,Ug;gpd;>
A B C
a. A,B,C ,Ys;s Ntfq;fis VWtupirg;gLj;Jf.
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b. A,B,C ,Ys;s mKf;fq;fis VWtupirg;gLj;Jf.
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c. A ,ypUe;J C tiu Jhuj;Jld; mKf;fk; khWtijf; fhl;Lk; tiuig tiuf.
13. fhl;b athW fpilf; Foha; xd;wpDhL 1.2kgm3 mlu;j;jpAila tsp NgZypapapd;
jj;Jtj;jpw;F mika 20ms1 Ntfj;Jld; ghAk; NghJ Fohapd; FWf;Fntl;Lg;gug;Gf;fs;
4cm2 ,2cm2 cila gFjpfspy; glj;jpy; fhl;bathW kNdhkhdp nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
kNdhkhdpapYs;s jputj;jpd; mlu;jj
; p 3000kgm3 vdpd; mjpy; jputkl;l tpj;jpahrk; h
,d;ngWkjp ahJ?
A = 4cm 2 A = 2cm
2
V=20ms-1
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14. fhl;bathW fpilf; Foha; xd;wpDhL 1000kgm3 mlu;j;jpAila ePu; NgZypapapd;
jj;Jtj;jpw;F mika 10ms1 Ntfj;Jld; ghAk; NghJ Fohapd; FWf;Fntl;Lg;gug;Gf;fs;
4cm2 ,2cm2 cila gFjpfspy; glj;jpy; fhl;bathW kNdhkhdp nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
; p 3000kgm3 vdpd; mjpy; jputkl;l tpj;jpahrk;
kNdhkhdpapYs;s jputj;jpd; mlu;jj h
,d;ngWkjp ahJ?
2
A = 4cm A = 2cm
2
V=10ms-1
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15. fhl;bathW fpilf; FohapDhL a mlu;j;jpAila tsp mUtpf; Nfhl;Lg; gha;r;rypy;

gha;fpd;wJ. xLq;fpa gFjpapy; tspapd; Ntfk; v MFk;. kNdhkhdpapYs;s jputj;jpd;
mlu;jj; p  vdpd; jput kl;l tpj;jpahrk; h ,d; ngWkjp ahJ?

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16. fhl;bathW fpilf; FohapDhL d mlu;j;jpAila jputk; mUtpf; Nfhl;Lg; gha;r;rypy;

gha;f pd;wJ. 2A FWf; F ntl; L cila gFjpapy; jputj;j pd; Ntfk; v MFk;.
kNdhkhdpapy; cs;s jputj;jpd; mlu;j;jp  vdpd; jput kl;l tpj;jpahrk; h ,d;
ngWkjp ahJ?
2A
A
v
V
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17. fhl;ba FohapDhL mUtpf;Nfhl;Lg; gha;r;rypy; neUf;fw;jfT mw;w ghFik mw;w
jputk; V Ntfj;Jld; gha;e;J nfhz;Ls;s NghJ jputkl;l tpj;jpahrk; ahJ?
........................................................................................
h
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 NgZypapd; rkd;ghl;bd; mtjhdq;fs; rpy..............
01. ghAk; jputk; xd;wpw;F mz;ikapy; fuz;b xd;iw gpbf;Fk; NghJ mJ mKf;fg;Lk;.
ePu; Ntfkhf ,aq;Fk; NghJ gFjp A ,Ys;s tsp Ntfkhf mirAk;

,jdhy; gFjp A ,Ys;s mKf;fk; gFjp B ,Ys;s mKf;fj;jpYk;
FiwthFk;. vdNt gFjp B ,ypUe;J gFjp A ,w; F tpir
njhopw;gLk;.
,Nj NghyNt fhw;W tPRk; NghJ fjT> ad;dy;fs; jhdhfNt

%Lg;gLtijAk; tpsf;fyhk;. B
A
02. ,U fljhrpj; jhs;fis mUfUNf itj;J mtw;wpw;fpilNa CJk; NghJ mit

neUq;Ftij mtjhdpf;fyhk;.
fljhrpj; jhs;fSf;fpilNa tspia CJk; NghJ mtw;wpw;fpilNa tsp Ntfkhf

mirtjhy; ntspg;gFjpapy; cs;s tspapYk; ghu;f;f mKf;fk; FiwAk;. ,jdhy;
ntspg;gFjpapd; mKf;fk; fhuzkhf neUq;Ffpd;wd.
,NjNghy fljhrpapd; Nky;g;gFjpapy; CJk; NghJ fljhrp fpilahf

tUk;. ,jpy; mKf;f NtWghL fhuzkhf Nky; Nehf;fp njhopw;gLk;
tpir fljhrpapd; epiwf;F rkdhFk;.

03. Mfhatpkhdq;fspd; NknyOif.
tpkhdkhdJ tspapDhL ,lg;gf;fkhf ,aq;Fk; NghJ tspahdJ fhl;bathW tpkhdk;

rhu;ghf tyg;gf;fkhf ,aq;Fk;. tpkhdj;jpd; (,wf;if fspdJk;) mikg;Gf; fhuzkhf
,aq;Fk; tspf;F A ,Yk; ghu;f;f B ,y; Ntfk; $lthf ,Uf;Fk;. ,jdhy; B ,Yk;
ghu;f;f A ,y; mKf;fk; $lthf ,Uf;Fk;. MfNt tpkhdj;jpy; mKf;fk; fhuzkhf
Nky;Nehf;fp Jhf;F tpir njhopw;gLk;. ,j;Jhf;F tpir tpkhdj;jpd; epiwapYk; ngupjhf
cs;sNghJ tpkhdk; Nky;Nehf;fp fpsk;Gk;.
g+kpapd; Nkw;gug;gpypUe;J epiyf;Fj;jhf NkNy nry;Y k; NghJ tspapd; mlu;j ;jp

FiwtilAk;. MfNt Fiwe;j Ntfj;jpy; gwf;ff;$ba tpkhdq;fs; $ba cauj;jpw;F
gazpf;f ,ayhJ.
B
V
A
Mfhaj;jpy; (cauj;jpy;) ntg;gepiy ed;whff; Fiwthjyhy; mjd; ,wf;iffspy; gdp

gbAk;. mg;NghJ jl;Lf;fspd; mikg;G khWgLtjhy; tpisAs; tpir ,wFfspy; fPo;
Nehf;fpr; nraw;glTk; ,lKz;L. ,J tpkhdq;fs; tpgj;Jf;Fs;shtjw;F fhuzkhfpd;wJ.
,jdhy; tpkhdj;jpd; ,wf;iffs; #lhf ,Ug;gjw;F Xu; cj;jp tpkhdj;jpy; ifahsg;gLk;.
04. gyj;j fhw;W tPRk; NghJ tPl;Lf; $iufs; Jhf;fp tPrg;gLjy;.
tPlL
; f;F ntspNa fhw;W tPRtjd; fhuzkhf tspapd; Ntfk; mjpfupf;f tPlb
; w;F ntspNa
cs;s mKf;fk; tPl;bw;Fs;Ns cs;s mKf;fj;jpYk; FiwthFk;. ,jdhy; tPl;b d;
cs;Ns ,Ue;J ntspNa Xu; tpisAs; tpir $iuapd; cl;Gwj;jpy; njhopw;gLk;.
,jdhNyNa $iufs; fod;W tPrg;gLfpd;wd.

,Nj NghyNt fhw;W tPRk; NghJ Fil gpbj;jpUf;Fk; NghJ Fil Nky; Nehf;fp
Jhf;Fg;gLtij czu;tuP ;fs;. ,ijAk; NgZypapapd; jj;Jtj;jhy; tpsf;fyhk;.
tPjp Xuj;jpy; epWj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk; thfdj;jpw;F mUfpy; thfdk; xd;W Ntfkhf ,aq;Fk;

NghJ epWj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk; thfdj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; egu; ,aq;Fk; thfdj;ij Nehf;fp
,Of;fg;gLtij czUthu;. ,jidAk; NkYs;s jj;Jtj;jpdhy; tpsf;fyhk;.
Gifapuj epiyaj;jpy; Nkilj;jsj;jpy; (Platform) Ntfkhf ,aq;Fk; Gifapujj;jpw;F

mUfpy; egu; xUtu; epw;Fk; NghJ mtu; Gifapujj;ij Nehf;fp ,Of;fg;gLtij czuyhk;.
05. gd;rd; RluLg;gpd; njhopw;ghL>
vupnghUs;thA rpwpa JisapDhL Ntfkhf

ntspNaWk; NghJ mt;tplj;jpy; cs;s mKf;fk;
ntspNa cs; s tspkz;ly mKf; fj;j pYk;
FiwAk; NghJ ts p n tspapy; ,Ue;J
cs;Nehf;fp tUk;. ,jpYs;s xl;rprd; thATld;
vupnghUs; fyf; fg;gLtjhy; rP uhf vupjiy
njhlu;e;J Ngzyhk;.
06. fhgNuw;wu; (carburetor) fspd; njhopw;ghL
vupnghUis vupar;nra;tjw;F mjid tspAld; fyf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,J thfdq;fspy;

carburetor vDk; cgfuzj;jpd; %yk; eilngWfpd;wJ. tspahdJ carburetor ,w;F
FWf; f hf Ntfkhf nrYj; j g; g Lfpd; w J. mg; N ghJ mKf; f k; $ba gFjpapYs; s
thAepiyapYs;s vupnghUs; mKf;fk; Fiwe;j gFjpahd carburetor ,Ds; ,Of;fg;gl;L
tspAld; fyf;fg;gLk;.
07. g+r;rp ehrpdp tprpw cgNahfpf;fg;gLk; cgfuzj;jpd; njhopw;ghLk; NgZypapd; jj;Jtj;jpw;F

mikthdJ.

08. vWk;GfSk; (g+r;rpfSk;) NgZhypapd; tpjpia cgNahfpf;Fk; Gjpdkhd re;ju;g;gq;fs;
,aw;ifapy; fhzf;$bajhf cs;sd. Ruq;fq;fis fl;bf;nfhs;Sk; g+r;rpfs; rhjhuzkhf
Ruq;fj;jpd; ,U Kbtplq;fSf;Fkpilapy; cau tpj;jpahrk; ,Uf;fj;jf;fjhf mjid
mikj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;.
09. FUjpf; Foha;fspy; nfhy];Nuhy; gbtjhy; mjd; FWf;Fntl;Lg; gug;G FiwAk;.

vdNt mt;thwhd ,lq;fspy; FUjpapd; Ntfk; $Lk;. ,jdhy; mKf;fk; Fiwa
nfhy];Nuhypy; fPo;Nehf;fp xU tpir nraw;gLk;. mjdhy; nfhy];Nuhy; fPo;Nehf;fp
,Of;fg;gl;L FUjpf; Fohia milf;fyhk;. my;yJ nfhy];Nuhy; FUjpf; FohapypUe;J
tpLgl;L FUjpf; Fohia milf;fyhk;. ,J Mgj;jhdJ.
10. tspia Cjp xypia vOg;Gk; tprpy; Fohapd; ehf;F (R) jpwe;J %LtJ NgZhypapd;
rkd;ghl;Lf;F mikathFk;. tspia CJk; NghJ ehTf;F Nkyhf tsp Ntfkhf
nry;tjhy; A ,y; mKf;fk; B [ tplf; $lthFk;.mg;NghJ ehtpd; kPJ nraw;gLk;
Nky;Nehf;fpatpirapdhy; mJ %lg;gLfpd;wJ. mJ %bagpd; mjDhL tsp nry;tJ
rLjpahf epWj;jg;gLk;. mg;NghJ tyg;gf;fj;jpy; milf;fg;gLk; tspapd; mKf;fj;jpdhy;
mJ jpwf;fg;gL;k;. jpwe;jTld; mjw;F Nkyhf tsp gazpg;gjhy; Kd;$wpaJ Nghd;W
kPz;Lk; mJ %lg;gLk;. ,t;thW %lYk;> jpwj;jYk; xU xOq;fpy; njhlu;e;J epfOk;
NghJ xyp cw;gj;jpahFk;.
R
A

[ Kw;Wk;.

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G.C.E.

 mlu;j;jp (density) (, d)

01. 1 yPw;wu; ePupd; jpzpit kg ,y; fhz;f.

 rhulu;j;jp my;yJ jz;zPu;g;G (relative density)

xU gjhu;j;jj;jpd; gcm 3 ,Ys;s mlu;j;jpg; ngWkhdkhdJ mg;nghUspd; rhulu;jj

02. 1.2 rhulu;j;jpAila jputKk; 0.9 rhulu;jj

03. 0.8 rhulu;j;jpAila jputKk; 1.0 rhulu;jj

PhysicS -02- ThapesaN

PhysicS -03- ThapesaN

 kpjg;G tpjp - Law of Upthrust

PhysicS -04- ThapesaN

PhysicS -05- ThapesaN

PhysicS -06- ThapesaN

15. mlu;j;jpAila xd;Wld; xd;W fyf;fhj jputq;fs; Xu; ghj;jpuj;jpy;

PhysicS -07- ThapesaN

16. Xu; ghj;jpuj;jpDs; 800kgm3 mlu;j;jpAilaJk; 1000kgm3 mlu;j;jpAilaJkhd ,U

17. xU ghj;jpuk; d1 ,d2 mlu;j;jpAila fyf;Fk; ,ay;gpy;yhj ,U jputq;fis nfhz;lJ

PhysicS -08- ThapesaN

17. ePupDs; xU nghUs; mkpo;jj

20. 0.8,0.9,1.0 jz;zPu;g;Gf;fis cila %d;W fyf;Fk; ,ay;gpy;yhj jputq;fspy; jpz;k

,d;DNkhu; 1 4 gq;F fPNo cs;s jputj;jpYk; mkpo;e;Js;sjhapd; cUis Mf;fg;gl;l

PhysicS -10- ThapesaN

PhysicS -11- ThapesaN

25. xU nghUshdJ 0.8 jd;dPu;g;Gila jputj;jpy; Kw;whf mkpo;ejpUf;Fk; NghJ 100g

PhysicS -12- ThapesaN

28. ghukw;w gYhd; xd;W P mKf;fj;jpy;> V fdtsT> M %yf;$w;Wj; jpzpTs;s ,yl;rpa

PhysicS -13- ThapesaN

29. Xu; Mw;wpd; Nkw;gug;gpypUe;J h Moj;jpy; d mlu;j;jpAk;> V fdtsTk;> cila jpz;kf;

PhysicS -14- ThapesaN

31. ghj;jpuk; xd;wpDs; jputk; vLf;fg;gl;L ghj;jpukhdJ fpilahf Mu;KLf;fg; gLfpd;wJ.

PhysicS -15- ThapesaN

34. ghj;jpuj;jpDs; ,Nyrhd V fdtsTila ge;J xd;W ,Nyrhd ,io xd;wpdhy;

PhysicS -17- ThapesaN

39.a. rPuhd FWf;Fntl;Lg;gug;Gila msTr;rhbapDs; 2000ml kl;lj;jpw;F vz;nza; cs;sJ.

Nghlg;gl;lJk; msTr;rhbapy; vz;iz kl;lk; ahjhf ,Uf;Fk;? gpd;du; gdpf;fl;b cUfpa

PhysicS -18- ThapesaN

b. rPuhd FWf;Fntl;Lg;gug;Gila msTr;rhbapDs; 2000ml kl;lj;jpw;F jputk; xd;W cs;sJ.

c. rPuhd FWf;Fntl;Lg;gug;Gila msTr;rhbapDs; 2000ml kl;lj;jpw;F jputk; xd;W cs;sJ.

PhysicS -19- ThapesaN

PhysicS -20- ThapesaN

44. fhl;lg;gl;l epiyapy; fPo;> Nky; juhRfspd; thrpg;Gf;fs; KiwNa

PhysicS -21- ThapesaN

46. Xu; msTr;rhbapDs; 1250kgm3 mlu;j;jpAila vz;nza; cs;sJ. mjDs; 950kgm3

PhysicS -22- ThapesaN

49. ePiuf;nfhz;l ghj;jpuk; xd;W xU nky;ypa Nfhypd; Nky; rkepiyapy; jhq;fg;gl;Ls;sij

50. jl;ilahd mbia cila thsp xd;W  mlu;j;jp cila jputnkhd;wpdhy; h

PhysicS -23- ThapesaN

52. epiyahf cs;s ghj;jpuj;jpy; h cauj;jpw;F  mlu;j;jpAila jputk; ,Ug;gpd; tspkz;ly

55. h cauj;jpw;F ePiuf;nfhz;l ghj;jpuk; xd;wpd; mbapy; Jthuk; xd;W ,lg;gl;L mJ

56. glj;jpy; fhl;bathW xg;gkhd fpilj; jsj;jpYs;s epiyf;Fj;Jj; jhq;fpapy; H cauj;jpw;F

PhysicS -25- ThapesaN

PhysicS -26- ThapesaN

60. jputj;ij nfhz;l ghj;jpuk; xd;iw fpilahf f Mu;KLfYld; mirf;Fk; NghJ

61. a ,ilj;Jhuj;jpy; cs;s ,U epiyf;Fj;Jg; Gaq;fisf; nfhz;l U FohapDs; jputk;

PhysicS -27- ThapesaN

63. a MiuAila miuf; Nfhs ghj;jpukhdJ mjd; jl;ilahd Kfk; fpilNkirapy;

64. mlu;j;jpAila jputk; xd;wpDs; Xu; ,ioapdhy; m jpzpTs;s jpz;k cUtq;fs;

PhysicS -28- ThapesaN

65. fhl;bathwhd ghj;jpuj;jpDs; jd;dPu;g;G 1 2 Mf cila jpz;k cUisf; Fw;wpahdJ

PhysicS -29- ThapesaN

PhysicS -30- ThapesaN

69. 1cm2 ,100cm2FWf;Fntl;Lg;gug;Gfisf; nfhz;l U FohapDs; mKf;fKbahj jputk;

70. Vaupd; Ma;fUtpapy; A, B vd;Dk; ,U jputq;fspd; mlu;j;jpfis