1

Mercury / alcohol

expand uniformly / does not stick to

glass / opaque / high boiling point
Mengembang dengan seragam / tidak
melekat pada kaca / legap / takat
didih tinggi
 1

Thermal equilibrium
Keseimbangan terma
Volume / isipadu
Does not stick to the glass / expand
uniformly / opaque / tidak melekat
pada kaca / mengembang secara
seragam / legap
22.6 – 2.6 = 20.0 cm

16.9 – 2.6 x 100⁰C

22.6 – 20.0
= 71.5 ⁰
√
 20 – 6 / 14 cm

16 – 6 x 100°
20 – 6
= 71.43°C

decrease// berkurang
 30- 40 / small / low // kecil / rendah

Normal temperature of human

suhu normal manusia

Small // kecil

More sensitive / detect small change// lebih

sensitive / kesan perubahan suhu yang kecil
 0.1 °C

More accurate// lebih tepat

Q
100 ⁰C

Muatan haba tentu P lebih besar

Specific heat capacity of P is larger
 Q = mcϴ
8 400 = 0.25 x 4200 x ϴ
ϴ = 8 ⁰C

Tiada haba hilang ke persekitaran

No heat lost to the surrounding
Heat needed to change the temperature of 1 kg of a material by 1 ⁰C
Haba yang diperlukan untuk menukarkan suhu 1 kg (bahan sebanyak)
1 ⁰C
(0.05)(4200)(90 – T) = (0.3)(4200)(T – 30)
T = 38.57 ⁰C
decreases // Berkurang
Heat loss to surrounding
Haba hilang ke persekitaran
Wrap the bottle with insulator
Balut botol dengan penebat

Reduce heat loss to surrounding

mengurangkan kehilangan haba ke
persekitaran
The amount of heat absorbed to
raise the temperature of one kg of
material by 1 ⁰C
Kuantiti haba diserap untuk
menaikkan suhu bagi 1 kg bahan
sebanyak 1 ⁰C

Copper / lower specific heat capacity.
Kuprum / muatan haba tentu rendah
Heat up faster / good conductor
Cepat panas / konduktor baik
Polymer / high specific heat capacity
Polimer / muatan haba tentu besar
Heat up slower / good insulator
Lambat panas / penebat baik
Lower mass.
Jisim kecil
Lighter Easy to lift and carry.
Ringan / senang diangkat dan dibawa
Pt = mcθ
t = [3.5 x 900 x 90]/ 800
= 354.4 sec Copper pot / periuk kuprum

Pt = mcθ
t = [2.5 x 390 x 90]/ 800
= 109.7 sec
Specific heat capacity:Heat absorbed to
increase the temperature of 1 kg of a
material by 1 ⁰C.
Muatan haba tentu: haba diperlukan
untuk menaikkan suhu 1 kg bahan
sebanyak 1 ⁰C
 Low specific heat capatity
Muatan haba tentu rendah

Easy to get hot / hot faster

Dark surface / permukaan gelap Cepat panas

Absorb heat easily /

serap haba dengan mudah

Model B
Dark surface and low specific heat capacity
Permukaan gelap dan muatan haba tentu rendah
 Q = Pt = 16 x 25 x 60
= 24 000 J
Q = Pt = (J/s)(s) = J

Pt = mcθ =
24 000 = 0.5 x 4200 x θ
θ = 11.43 ⁰C
 Overcome the bonds
between molecules
mengatasi daya tarikan
Latent heat /haba pendam antara molekul-molekul
1- 1.0 x 4 200 x 100
2- 420 000 J
 Haba yang diperlukan untuk menukarkan 1
kg pepejal kepada cecair tanpa perubahan
suhu.
The amount of heat required to melt 1 kg of
solid without any change of temperature

1st : tenaga digunakan untuk mengatasi 1st : Energy is used to overcome the
daya ikatan antara molekul. binding force between molecules
2nd : tenaga kinetic tidak berubah 2nd : The kinetic energy does not change
 E = Pt = 600 x 60
= 36000 J

Pt = mL
m = 36000/3.3 x 105 = 1.09 x 10-1 kg
 Melting / Fusion
Melebur / pelakuran

Energy is used to weaken the bond between molecules / Energy is not

used to increase the kinetic energy of the particles //
Tenaga digunakan untuk melemahkan ikatan antara molekul-molekul /
Q = mcθ
3360 = (3.36 x 105)(0)
m = 0.01 kg
= 10 g
 Polistyrene / heat insulator / poor heat
conductor / penebat haba
heat insulator / heat absorb reduces/
penebat haba / kurang serap haba

Double layer /vacuum layer / shiny surface

High / Tinggi berlapis / lapisan vakum / berkilat
Longer time of melting / reflect heat/
Longer time of melting / heats
heat not easily absorbed / lambat
up slowy/ Melambatkan masa
masa melebur / pantul haba
peleburan/Lambat panas
Proses cecair bertukar ke gas
the process of liquid transform to gas
Daya ikatan antara molekul2 air
diputuskan
Haba dari badan diserap untuk
memutuskan daya ikatan itu.
The binding forces between water
molecules break.
The heat from the body is used /
absorbed to break the binding Suhu, angin, kelembapan
forces Temperature, humidity, wind
Electric energy to heat
Tenaga elektrik ke haba
 Plate S / Plat S

Shortest time taken

Masa diambil paling pendek
√
Decreases / berkurang

Absolute zero / sifar mutlak

stationary / tidak bergerak

 Pressure decreases as depth decreases
/ volume increases as pressure
decreases / tekanan berkurang bila
kedalaman berkurang, isipadu
bertambah bila tekanan berkurang

Boyle’s law
Hukum Boyle Berkurang / decreases
 pressure / Tekanan

Diagram 5.1 Diagram 5.2

5.2 > 5.1

5.2 > 5.1

 heat is directly proportional to
temperature
Haba berkadar terus dengan
suhu

Pressure is directly proportional to temperature

Tekanan berkadar terus dengan suhu
M1 - Kinetic energy / velocity increase / move faster
tenaga kinetic bertambah / bergerak laju
M2 - rate of collision increase
kadar perlanggaran bertambah /

Pressure law / Hukum Tekanan

 5.1 > 5.2

X
5.1 < 5.2

Equal / sama
Inversely proportional
Berkadar songsang

Boyle’s law / Hukum Boyle No change / tiada perubahan

Constant temperature /
suhu malar
TING 4: HABA 4.1 KESEIMBANGAN TERMA NO. 4 (SET 1 SET FIZIKMOZAC)
FORM 4: HEAT 4.1 THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM
TING 4: HABA 4.1 KESEIMBANGAN TERMA NO. 4 (SET 1 SET FIZIKMOZAC)
FORM 4: HEAT 4.1 THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM

Keseimbangan terma: tiada pemindahan

haba bersih antara dua objek dan kedua-
dua objek mempunyai suhu akhir yang
sama.
There is not net flow of heat between two
objects and both objects have the same
final temperature
TING 4: HABA 4.1 KESEIMBANGAN TERMA NO. 4 (SET 1 SET FIZIKMOZAC)
FORM 4: HEAT 4.1 THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM
TING 4: HABA 4.1 KESEIMBANGAN TERMA NO. 4 (SET 1 SET FIZIKMOZAC)
FORM 4: HEAT 4.1 THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM
TING 4: HABA 4.1 KESEIMBANGAN TERMA NO. 4 (SET 1 SET FIZIKMOZAC)
FORM 4: HEAT 4.1 THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM
TING 4: HABA 4.2 MUATAN HABA TENTU NO. 5 (SELANGOR 2022)
FORM 4: HEAT 4.2 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY

Haba diperlukan untuk menaikkan suhu 1

kg bahan sebanyak 1 ⁰C / Heat required to
increase temperature of 1 kg substance by
1 ⁰C.
TING 4: HABA 4.2 MUATAN HABA TENTU NO. 5 (SELANGOR 2022)
FORM 4: HEAT 4.2 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY

5.1 > 5.2

5.1 < 5.2

TING 4: HABA 4.2 MUATAN HABA TENTU NO. 5 (SELANGOR 2022)
FORM 4: HEAT 4.2 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY

5.1 = 5.2

Semakin kecil muatan haba tentu,

semakin besar kenaikan suhu / The
lower the specific heat capacity, the
higher the increase in temperature.
TING 4: HABA 4.2 MUATAN HABA TENTU NO. 5 (SELANGOR 2022)
FORM 4: HEAT 4.2 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY

Muatan haba tentu rendah / konduktor haba baik

Low specific heat capacity / good heat conductor
TING 4: HABA 4.2 MUATAN HABA TENTU NO. 5 (SELANGOR 2022)
FORM 4: HEAT 4.2 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY

Getah / plastic / kayu / rubber / plastic / wood

High specific heat capacity / muatan haba

tentu tinggi
Penebat haba baik /
Good heat insulator
TING 4: HABA 4.2 MUATAN HABA TENTU BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: HEAT 4.2 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY NO. 7 (KELANTAN 2022)
TING 4: HABA 4.2 MUATAN HABA TENTU BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: HEAT 4.2 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY NO. 7 (KELANTAN 2022)

Kuantiti haba yang diperlukan

untuk menaikkan suhu sebanyak
1°C bagi jisim 1 kg bahan
The quantity of heat required to
raise the temperature of 1°C of
1 kg substance.
TING 4: HABA 4.2 MUATAN HABA TENTU BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: HEAT 4.2 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY NO. 7 (KELANTAN 2022)

Pt = mcθ
48(5 x 60) = 1(c)(42 – 27)
c = 960J kg-1 °C-1
TING 4: HABA 4.2 MUATAN HABA TENTU BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: HEAT 4.2 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY NO. 7 (KELANTAN 2022)

Mengelakkan haba terbebas ke

persekitaran
Prevent heat from being released
to the environment
TING 4: HABA 4.2 MUATAN HABA TENTU BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: HEAT 4.2 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY NO. 7 (KELANTAN 2022)
TING 4: HABA 4.2 MUATAN HABA TENTU BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: HEAT 4.2 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY NO. 7 (KELANTAN 2022)
TING 4: HABA 4.2 MUATAN HABA TENTU BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: HEAT 4.2 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY NO. 7 (KELANTAN 2022)

Styrofoam

Muatan haba tentu besar, tidak mudah panas // penebat

haba yang baik // ketumpatan rendah, tidak terlalu berat
High specific heat capacity, not easily heated // good
thermal insulation // low density, not too heavy
TING 4: HABA 4.2 MUATAN HABA TENTU BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: HEAT 4.2 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY NO. 7 (KELANTAN 2022)

Vakum / Vacuum

Untuk mengelakkan
pemindahan haba dari
persekitaran ke cawan
To avoid transfer of heat
R energy from the surrounding to
the cup
TING 4: HABA 4.3 HABA PENDAM TENTU BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: HEAT 4.3 SPECIFIC LATENT HEAT NO.1 (SPM SET 1 2021)

√
TING 4: HABA 4.3 HABA PENDAM TENTU BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: HEAT 4.3 SPECIFIC LATENT HEAT NO.1 (SPM SET 1 2021)

Pepejal + cecair / solid + liquid

Tenaga kinetic molekul tidak berkurang / tidak berubah

Kinetic energy of molecules do not decrease / unchanged
Tenaga / haba bentuk ikatan
Energy / heat form bond
TING 4: HABA 4.3 HABA PENDAM TENTU BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: HEAT 4.3 SPECIFIC LATENT HEAT NO.1 (SPM SET 1 2021)

Haba dibebaskan / heat released

TING 4: HABA 4.3 HABA PENDAM TENTU BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: HEAT 4.3 SPECIFIC LATENT HEAT NO. 4 (SBP 2022)
TING 4: HABA 4.3 HABA PENDAM TENTU BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: HEAT 4.3 SPECIFIC LATENT HEAT NO. 4 (SBP 2022)
TING 4: HABA 4.3 HABA PENDAM TENTU BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: HEAT 4.3 SPECIFIC LATENT HEAT NO. 4 (SBP 2022)
TING 4: HABA 4.3 HABA PENDAM TENTU BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: HEAT 4.3 SPECIFIC LATENT HEAT NO. 4 (SBP 2022)
TING 4: HABA 4.4 HUKUM GAS BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: HEAT 4.4 GAS LAWS NO. 7 (SET 3 SET FIZIKMOZAC)
TING 4: HABA 4.4 HUKUM GAS BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: HEAT 4.4 GAS LAWS NO. 7 (SET 3 SET FIZIKMOZAC)

7.2 > 7.1

7.2 < 7.1

TING 4: HABA 4.4 HUKUM GAS BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: HEAT 4.4 GAS LAWS NO. 7 (SET 3 SET FIZIKMOZAC)

7.2 = 7.1
TING 4: HABA 4.4 HUKUM GAS BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: HEAT 4.4 GAS LAWS NO. 7 (SET 3 SET FIZIKMOZAC)

Berkadar songsang
Inversely proportional

Hukum Boyle
Boyle’s law
TING 4: HABA 4.4 HUKUM GAS BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: HEAT 4.4 GAS LAWS NO. 7 (SET 3 SET FIZIKMOZAC)

Kedalaman semakin berkurang, tekanan air berkurang.

Tekanan dalam gelembung udara berkurang
Depth decreases, water pressure decreases, air pressure in
the bubble decreases.
TING 4: HABA 4.4 HUKUM GAS BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: HEAT 4.4 GAS LAWS NO. 7 (SET 3 SET FIZIKMOZAC)

P1 = (10 + 0.5) m H2O P2 = 10 m H2O

V1 = 5 m3 V2 = ?
P1 V1 = P2 V2
V2 = 10.5 x 5 = 5.25 m3
TING 4: HABA 4.4 HUKUM GAS BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: HEAT 4.4 GAS LAWS NO. 5 (MELAKA 2022)

√
TING 4: HABA 4.4 HUKUM GAS BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: HEAT 4.4 GAS LAWS NO. 5 (MELAKA 2022)

5.2 > 5.1

5.2 > 5.1

5.2 > 5.1

TING 4: HABA 4.4 HUKUM GAS BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: HEAT 4.4 GAS LAWS NO. 5 (MELAKA 2022)

Berkadar terus / directly proportional

Berkadar terus / directly proportional

TING 4: HABA 4.4 HUKUM GAS BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: HEAT 4.4 GAS LAWS NO. 5 (MELAKA 2022)

Hukum Charles / Charles law

V1 = 0.24 V2 = ?
T1 = 27 + 273 = 300 K
T2 = 80 + 273 = 353 K

M1: V1/T1 = V2/T2

= 0.24/300 = V/353
M2: 0.2824 m3
TING 4: HABA 4.4 HUKUM GAS BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: HEAT 4.4 GAS LAWS NO. 7 (KEDAH 2022)

Gay-Lussac
TING 4: HABA 4.4 HUKUM GAS BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: HEAT 4.4 GAS LAWS NO. 7 (KEDAH 2022)

Kadar perlanggaran molekul udara dengan dinding tayar

bertambah.
The rate of collision between air molecule and the wall of tyre
increase.
TING 4: HABA 4.4 HUKUM GAS BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: HEAT 4.4 GAS LAWS NO. 7 (KEDAH 2022)
TING 4: HABA 4.4 HUKUM GAS BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: HEAT 4.4 GAS LAWS NO. 7 (KEDAH 2022)

Besar / Big

Mengurangkan masa untuk

melepaskan tekanan
Decrease the time to release the
pressure
TING 4: HABA 4.4 HUKUM GAS BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: HEAT 4.4 GAS LAWS NO. 7 (KEDAH 2022)

Dengan gelung pengetat

With sealing ring

Mengelakkan kebocoran tekanan

Prevent pressure leakage
TING 4: HABA 4.4 HUKUM GAS BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: HEAT 4.4 GAS LAWS NO. 7 (KEDAH 2022)

R
TING 4: HABA 4.2 MUATAN HABA TENTU BAHAGIAN B
FORM 4: HEAT 4.2 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY NO 9 (SPM SET 2 2021)

Kadar pemindahan haba bersih sifar / dua objek sama suhu /

kadar pemindahan haba sama / net rate of heat flow / transfer is
zero / Rate of heat transfer is same / object same temperature
TING 4: HABA 4.2 MUATAN HABA TENTU BAHAGIAN B
FORM 4: HEAT 4.2 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY NO 9 (SPM SET 2 2021)

M1: Gel / pad penyejuk sentuh dahi / kepala /

badan / pad letak di dahi / gel / pad contact
forehead / body / head / Put pad on forehead
M2: Haba pindah dari dahi ke pad / Heat
transfer from forehead to the pad
M3: Akhirnya suhu sama / Finally, same temperature
M4: Kadar pemindahan haba bersih sifar / sama / Net heat
transfer zero / same heat transfer
M5: Capai keseimbagnan terma / Achieve thermal equilibrium
TING 4: HABA 4.2 MUATAN HABA TENTU BAHAGIAN B
FORM 4: HEAT 4.2 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY NO 9 (SPM SET 2 2021)
TING 4: HABA 4.2 MUATAN HABA TENTU BAHAGIAN B
FORM 4: HEAT 4.2 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY NO 9 (SPM SET 2 2021)
TING 4: HABA 4.2 MUATAN HABA TENTU BAHAGIAN B
FORM 4: HEAT 4.2 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY NO 9 (SPM SET 2 2021)

M1: Cecair // Liquid M2: Haba mudah dipindahkan melalui perolakan

Heat easy to transfer through convection
M3: muatan haba tentu M4: Boleh menyerap banyak tenaga haba / Can
tinggi / High specific absorb more heat energy
heat capacity

M5: Kanvas / Canvas M6: Tahan haba tinggi / High heat resistance /

M7: Takat didih tinggi / M8: Lambat meruap / berubah bentuk / slow to
High boiling point evaporate / change in form

M9: Pilih B M10: cecair, muatan haba tentu bahan tinggi,

kanvas, takat didih tinggi
Liquid, high specific heat capacity, canvas, high
boiling point
TING 4: HABA 4.2 MUATAN HABA TENTU BAHAGIAN B
FORM 4: HEAT 4.2 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY NO 9 (SPM SET 2 2021)

M1: Q = mcθ
M2: Q = (0.8)(4200)(100 – 30)
M3: Q = 235,200 J

M1: Q = Pt
t = Q = 235000
P 1000
M2: t = 235.2 s
TING 4: HABA 4.2 MUATAN HABA TENTU BAHAGIAN B NO 9
FORM 4: HEAT 4.2 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY SET I FIZIK MOZAC

Haba ialah sejenis tenaga

Heat is a form of energy
TING 4: HABA 4.2 MUATAN HABA TENTU BAHAGIAN B NO 9
FORM 4: HEAT 4.2 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY SET I FIZIK MOZAC

M1: Air laut dan pasir menerima jumlah haba yang sama daripada
matahari // Sea water and the sand received same amount of
heat from the sun
M2: Air laut mempunyai muatan haba tentu yang lebih tinggi
berbanding pasir.// Sea water has a high specific heat capacity
than the sand.
M3: Peningkatan suhu pada pasir adalah lebih tinggi berbanding
air laut. // The temperature increase on the sand is higher than
the sea water.
M4: Maka pasir adalah lebih cepat panas berbanding air laut.//
Thus the sand becomes hot faster than the sea water.
TING 4: HABA 4.2 MUATAN HABA TENTU BAHAGIAN B NO 9
FORM 4: HEAT 4.2 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY SET I FIZIK MOZAC
TING 4: HABA 4.2 MUATAN HABA TENTU BAHAGIAN B NO 9
FORM 4: HEAT 4.2 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY SET I FIZIK MOZAC
TING 4: HABA 4.2 MUATAN HABA TENTU BAHAGIAN B NO 9
FORM 4: HEAT 4.2 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY SET I FIZIK MOZAC

Qair /water = mcθ

= 2 x 4200 x (50 – 30)
= 168,000 J

Qair = Qmetal
168000 = mcθ = (0.5)c(90 – 50)
20c = 168000
c = 8,400 J kg-1 ⁰C-1
TING 4: HABA 4.3 HABA PENDAM TENTU BAHAGIAN B NO 9
FORM 4: HEAT 4.3 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY SBP 2021

Kuantiti haba, Q yang diserap semasa

peleburan bagi 1 kg bahan itu tanpa
perubahan suhu.
Quantity of heat, Q that is absorbed during
melting of 1 kg of the substance without
any change in temperature
TING 4: HABA 4.3 HABA PENDAM TENTU BAHAGIAN B NO 9
FORM 4: HEAT 4.3 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY SBP 2021

Dari QR – gas terkondensasi menjadi cecair

From QR – gas is condensing into liquids
Haba pendam dibebaskan supaya molekul membentuk semula ikatan
The latent heat is released so that the molecular bond form
Molekul bergerak di antara satu sama lain
Molecules are moving on each other
Tenaga kinetic molekul tidak berkurang
Molecular kinetic energy does not decrease
TING 4: HABA 4.3 HABA PENDAM TENTU BAHAGIAN B NO 9
FORM 4: HEAT 4.3 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY SBP 2021

RS – cecair menyejuk sehingga takat beku

RS – liquid cools to freezing point

Haba dibebaskan dan suhu berkurang

Heat is released and temperature decreases
Tenaga kinetic molekul berkurang
Kinetic energy of molecules decreases
TING 4: HABA 4.3 HABA PENDAM TENTU BAHAGIAN B NO 9
FORM 4: HEAT 4.3 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY SBP 2021

Q1 = mL
= (0.5)(480000)
= 240,000 J

Q2 = mcθ
= (0.5)(1720)(120 - 100)
= 17200 J

Q = Q1 + Q2
= 240000 + 17200
= 257,200 J

Tiada haba hilang ke persekitaran

No heat is lost to the surrounding
TING 4: HABA 4.3 HABA PENDAM TENTU BAHAGIAN B NO 9
FORM 4: HEAT 4.3 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY SBP 2021
TING 4: HABA 4.3 HABA PENDAM TENTU BAHAGIAN B NO 9
FORM 4: HEAT 4.3 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY SBP 2021
TING 4: HABA 4.3 HABA PENDAM TENTU BAHAGIAN B NO 9
FORM 4: HEAT 4.3 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY SBP 2021
TING 4: HABA 4.3 HABA PENDAM TENTU BAHAGIAN B NO 9
FORM 4: HEAT 4.3 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY SBP 2021

M1 Bilangan tingkap
banyak / more number of
windows
M3 jarak dari lantai ke
siling tinggi / distance from
floor to ceiling Is high
M5 dinding bata berongga
/ kayu / material of the wall
from hollow bricks / wood
M7 bahan bumbung: Jubin
konkrit / material of the
roof : concrete tile
M9 R
M10
M2 membenarkan lebih banyak pengaliran udara /
allow more air flow / jimat tenaga elektrik / save
electrical energy
M4 pengedaran udara dalam rumah lebih baik /
better air ventilation inside the house
M6 Muatan haba tentu tinggi / high specific heat
capacity / dinding lambat panas / wall heat up
slower
M8 muatan haba tentu tinggi / high specific heat
capacity / penebat haba baik / good heat
insulator /
TING 4: HABA 4.3 HABA PENDAM TENTU BAHAGIAN B NO 9
FORM 4: HEAT 4.3 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY TRENGGANU 2022

Kuantiti haba yang diperlukan untuk mengubah 1 kg bahan

dari keadaan pepejal ke cecair tanpa perubahan suhu
The amount of heat required to change 1 kg of a substance
from a solid to a liquid without a change in temperature
TING 4: HABA 4.3 HABA PENDAM TENTU BAHAGIAN B NO 9
FORM 4: HEAT 4.3 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY TRENGGANU 2022

Suhu ketulan ais adalah lebih

rendah daripada suhu air.
The temperature of the ice cube
is lower than the
temperature of the water.
Ketulan ais menyerap haba daripada air.
Ice cubes absorb heat from water.
Bertukar daripada keadaan pepejal kepada cecair.
Change from solid to liquid.
Haba pendam diserap oleh ais.
Latent heat is absorbed by the ice.
Untuk melemahkan/memutuskan ikatan antara molekul.
To weaken/break bonds between molecules.
TING 4: HABA 4.3 HABA PENDAM TENTU BAHAGIAN B NO 9
FORM 4: HEAT 4.3 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY TRENGGANU 2022

tiada haba terbebas ke

persekitaran // no heat is
released to the surroundings

Q=mcƟ
= (0.1) (4200) (50)
= 42000 J
Q = mL
42000 = m (3.34 x 105)
m = 0.1257 kg
TING 4: HABA 4.3 HABA PENDAM TENTU BAHAGIAN B NO 9
FORM 4: HEAT 4.3 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY TRENGGANU 2022
TING 4: HABA 4.3 HABA PENDAM TENTU BAHAGIAN B NO 9
FORM 4: HEAT 4.3 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY TRENGGANU 2022
Haba pendam tentu Untuk menyerap /
pengewapan ejen penyejuk: membebaskan haba yang
Tinggi / Specific latent heat banyak semasa perubahan fasa /
of vaporization of coolant To absorb/released a large amount
agent: High of heat during phase change
Takat didih ejen penyejuk: Keupayaan untuk bertukar
Rendah menjadi gas dengan mudah
Boiling point of coolant apabila ia menyerap haba
agent: Low The ability to turn into gas
easily when it absorbs heat
Bentuk paip condenser:
Berlingkar Menambahkan luas
Shape of condenser pipe: permukaan
Coiled Increase surface area
TING 4: HABA 4.3 HABA PENDAM TENTU BAHAGIAN B NO 9
FORM 4: HEAT 4.3 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY TRENGGANU 2022

Kekonduksian haba Dapat membebaskan haba

paip condenser: Tinggi dengan banyak
Thermal conductivity of Can release a lot of heat
condenser pipe: High

Pilih R
Choose R
TING 4: HABA 4.4 HUKUM GAS BAHAGIAN C
FORM 4: HEAT 4.4 GAS LAWS NO 11 (MRSM 2022)
TING 4: HABA 4.4 HUKUM GAS BAHAGIAN C
FORM 4: HEAT 4.4 GAS LAWS NO 11 (MRSM 2022)

Daya per unit luas

Force per unit area
TING 4: HABA 4.4 HUKUM GAS BAHAGIAN C
FORM 4: HEAT 4.4 GAS LAWS NO 11 (MRSM 2022)
TING 4: HABA 4.4 HUKUM GAS BAHAGIAN C
FORM 4: HEAT 4.4 GAS LAWS NO 11 (MRSM 2022)

M1: Isipadu udara terperangkap: 11.1(b) > 11.1(a)

Volume of trapped air:
M2: Bacaan tolok tekanan: 11.1(b) > 11.1(a)
Reading of pressure gauge:
M3: Bacaan termometer: sama / equal
Reading of thermometer:
M4: Semakin besar isipadu udara terperangkap, semakin
rendah tekanan // Tekanan berkadar songsang
dengan ispadu udara terperangkap
// The greater the volume of trapped air, the
lower the pressure exerted.
M5: Hukum Boyle
Boyle’s Law
TING 4: HABA 4.4 HUKUM GAS BAHAGIAN C
FORM 4: HEAT 4.4 GAS LAWS NO 11 (MRSM 2022)
TING 4: HABA 4.4 HUKUM GAS BAHAGIAN C
FORM 4: HEAT 4.4 GAS LAWS NO 11 (MRSM 2022)

M1: Terdapat sentuhan termal antara budak dan api. //

There is thermal Contact betweeen the boy and the fire
M2: Haba dipindah dari api ke badan budak itu.
Heat transfer from fire to the body of the boy
M3: Haba dipindahkan secara sinaran dari api ke badan
Heat tranfer through radiation from fire to the boy
M4: Suhu badan meningkat // Temperature of body increases
M5: Jumlah haba dipindahkan bukan sifar
Net heat transfer is not equal to zero
M6: suhu api tidak sama dengan suhu badan. Tidak capai
keseimbangan terma. Temperature of the fire is not equal to
body temperature of the boy. Thermal equilibrium is not
achieved.
TING 4: HABA 4.4 HUKUM GAS BAHAGIAN C
FORM 4: HEAT 4.4 GAS LAWS NO 11 (MRSM 2022)
TING 4: HABA 4.4 HUKUM GAS BAHAGIAN C
FORM 4: HEAT 4.4 GAS LAWS NO 11 (MRSM 2022)
 9

Force per unit area / Daya per unit luas

Force / Daya
Area Luas
√1 volume / isipadu: 9.1 > 9.2
√2 pressure / tekanan : 9.1 < 9.2
√3 temperature same / suhu sama
√4 Pressure increases, volume decreases // volume
inversely proportional to pressure / tekanan
bertambah / isipadu berkurang / tekanan
berkadar songsang dengan isipadu / P α 1/V
√5 Boyle’s Law / Hukum Boyle
√1 As the air bubble rises, the depth decreases
bila gelembung udara naik ke atas, kedalamannya berkurang
√2 the pressure will decrease / tekanan berkurang
√3 Pressure directly proportional to depth
tekanan berkadar terus dengan kedalaman
√4 When pressure decreases, the volume increases /
Apabila tekanan berkurang, isipadu bertambah
Boyle’s law / Hukum Boyle / P α 1/V
 Many windows / banyak Allow more air flow / air in / out /benarkan
tingkap udara mengalir / udara masuk / keluar
Big windows / Allow heat to flow out / allow cold air move in/
tingkap besar haba boleh alir keluar / udara sejuk boleh masuk
High specific heat capacity takes a longer time to be hot / small raise in
Muatan haba tentu besar temperature/lambat panas / kenaikan suhu kecil
high specific heat capacity / nipa takes a longer time to be hot / insulator // hot slow /
roof // shiny/ atap nipah / kilat / weak conductor / reflector / heat resistance / lambat
muatan haba tentu tinggi panas / pemantul haba / konduktor lemah

fan / air condition / air holes at the
top of the house / ventilator / /
heat insulator // // bright @ white
paint // tinted window/ kipas /
penghawa dingin
Air ventilation / reduce the heat // air in and out //
reduce heat // reflector // remove hot air / produce
cool air / aliran udara / udara masuk dan keluar /
kurangkan haba // keluarkan udara panas / hasilkan
udara sejuk
Heat is a form of energy
Haba ialah satu bentuk tenaga
The readings of thermometer 9.1 > 9.2
Bacaan thermometer 9.1 > 9.2
Volume of water 9.1 < 9.2
Isipadu air 9.1 < 9.2
Time of heating the water equal
Masa pemanasan air sama
The reading of thermometer is inversely
proportional to volume of water
Bacaan thermometer berkadar songsang
denga isipadu air.
Increases in temperature is inversely
proportional with the mass of water
Kenaikan suhu berkadar songsang
dengan jisim air.
Land has lower specific heat capacity.
Darat mempunyai muatan haba tentu
rendah.
Land get hot faster than sea water.
Darat lebih cepat panas dari air laut.
Hot air above land rises up and
produce low pressure region.
Udara panas di atas darat naik ke atas
dan hasilkan kawasan tekanan rendah.
Cold air from the sea moves to the land.
Udara sejuk dari laut bergerak ke darat.
 Characteristics
Big fan / kipas besar
High number of fin blades
Bilah sirip yang banyak
Material fin blades : metal, copper
bahan bilah sirip: logam,kuprum
High specific heat capacity of liquid
muatan haba tentu cecair tinggi
High boiling point of liquid
Takat didih cecair tinggi
reason
Can suck more air to the radiator/
Boleh sedut banyak udara ke radiator.
Large surface area for more heat to release
luas permukaan besar supaya banyak
haba dibebaskan
Release heat easily / low specific heat
capacity / bebas haba dengan mudah /
muatan haba tentu rendah.
Heats up slowly / absorbs more heat/
lambat panas / serap haba dengan banyak
Not easy to boil /tidak mudah mendidih
Energy / tenaga
√1 mass P < mass Q // mP kurang // mP lebih
√2 rise in temperature P > Q (vice versa)
// kenaikan suhu P > Q (sebaliknya)
// temperature P more // suhu P lebih
// ϴP > ϴQ // ϴQ < ϴP
√3 heat same // haba sama
 Big mass, small temperature //
inversely proportional
tambah jisim, kurang suhu //
berkadar songsang

Specific heat capacity

muatan haba tentu
√1 Ice melt // solid to liquid // fusion // ais lebur // pepejal ke cecair

√2 heat absorbed // haba diserap // heat flow to ice // ais serap haba
// haba dipindah/dibebas dari air // haba dipindah ke ais

√3 kinetic energy decreases // tenaga kinetik kurang

√4 temperature / ϴ decrease // suhu kurang

Material for cup: polystyrene, heat
insulator
Bahan cawan: polistrin, penebat
haba
√3 High melting point
Takat lebur tinggi
Reduce heat conduction // reduce heat
flow // reduce heat loss // trap heat //
high specific heat capacity
// kurang konduksi haba // haba
terperangkap// penebat haba //
muatan haba tentu tinggi
√4 Reason:
difficult to melt
susah / payah lebur
√5 High specific heat capacity
// muatan haba tentu tinggi
√7 The colour of cup:
White // putih // berkilat //
shiny // silver // perak
√9 Material of lid:
Plastic lid // poor heat
conductor lid / air-tight lid //
penutup plastic // penutup
seramik / kaca / kayu / kadbod /
polisterine // penutup kedap
udara
√6 Reason:
Hot slow //lambat panas
√8 Reason:
Reflector // pemantul
√10 Reason:
Prevent heat loss // reduce heat flow
// avoid leaking of heat // trapped heat
cegah haba hilang // kurang alir haba
//udara panas terperangkap
√11 method
Cover / wrapped with cloth / tisu √12 Reason:
// tutup / lilit / selubung dengan kain Prevent heat loss // trapped heat //
/ tisu / felt / gabus / sebarang cegah hilang haba //
pembalut // cawan berlapis // haba terperangkap
dinding berlapis
// cawan dalam cawan
// dinding beruang vakum
 Termometer diletak di bawah lidah / ketiak
Put thermometer under the tongue/ armpit
Haba mengalir dari badan pesakit ke
termometer
Keseimbangan terma Heat flows / transfers from the patient’s
body to the thermometer
Thermal equilbrium
Sehingga mencapai keseimbangan terma
Until thermal equilibrium is achieved
Suhu thermometer sama dengan suhu badan pesakit.
The temperature of thermometer equal temperature of the patient’s body.
 Modification / pengubahsuaian Sebab / reason
Alkohol /alcohol Takat beku rendah/tidak beku pada -40⁰C
Low freezing point / not freeze at -40 ⁰
Bebuli kaca nipis Tingkatkan kepekaan
Thin glass bulb Increase the sensitivity
Diameter tiub kapilari kecil Mudah mengesan perubahan kecil suhu
The diameter of the Easy to detect the temperature change /
capillary tube is small alcohol can expand at a high rate even
though the heat absorbed is small
tebal dan melengkung Kuat, digunakan sebagai kanta pembesar
Thick and curve Strong, can be used as magnifying glass
Kerana guna alcohol, bebuli kaca nipis, diameter tiub
Termometer T kapilari kecil dan dinding batang kaca tebal & melengkung
Because use alcohol, thin glass bulb, small diameter of
capillary tube and thick and curved glass bore stem
Isipadu / panjang merkuri meningkat apabila suhu
bertambah.
The volume / length of the mercury increases as the
temperature increases.
Two bodies are said to be in thermal equilibrium when
the net heat flow between the two bodies is zero and
both bodies are at the same temperature
Dua jasad dikatakan dalam keseimbangan terma
apabila tiada pemindahan haba bersih antara dua jasad
dan kedua-dua jasad mempunyai suhu yang sama.
Heat flows from hot water to thermometer.
Haba mengalir daripada air panas ke termometer
Until it achieve thermal equilibrium.
Sehingga ia mencapai keseimbangan terma.
Temperature of water is the same as temperature shown by
thermometer
Suhu air sama dengan suhu yang ditunjukkan oleh thermometer.
No net heat flows.
Tiada haba bersih mengalir
No heat lost to the
surrounding
Tiada haba hilang ke
persekitaran.
 Modification / pengubahsuaian Sebab / reason

Hollow plastic stopper Can trapped air / bad heat conductor

Penutup Plastik berongga Boleh perangkap udara / konduktor haba
lemah
Space X is vacuum Prevent heat lost
Ruang X ialah vakum Elak haba hilang
made of glass High specific heat capacity / heat slowly
Dibuat daripada gelas Muatan haba tentu besar / lambat panas
coated by shiny paint Reflect heat from the wall of the thermos
Disalut oleh cat berkilat Pantul haba daripada dinding termos
Choose W: hollow plastic stopper, vacuum, glass, shiny paint
Pilih W: penutup plastic berongga, vakum, gelas, cat berkilat
Satu suhu di mana pepejal lebur menjadi cecair
A temperature when a solid melts into liquid
 2 nd : ringan
1st : ketumpatan rendah
low density lighter
4th: tidak mudah lebur bila letak
3rd : Takat lebur tinggi makanan pans
High melting point not easily melted when put hot food
5th: muatan haba tentu besar 6th : bekas tidak mudah panas
High specific heat capacity container not easily heated
8 th : haba tidak mudah hilang dan
7th : kekonduksian haba rendah
makanan kekal panas
low thermal conductivity
the heat does not lost easily and
food remain hot
9th : pilih R 10th : sebab ketumpatan rendah, takat lebur tinggi,
choose R muatan haba tentu besar, kekonduksian haba rendah
because low density, high melting point, high specific
heat capacity, low thermal conductivity
Haba dipindahkan dari air panas ke
persekitaran. Sehingga capai
keseimbangan terma.
Heat is transferred from the hot water to
the surrounding
Until thermal equilibrium is reached.
 The quantity of heat required to
change 1 kg of substance from
liquid to gas without change in
temperature. / Haba diperlukan
untuk menukarkan 1 kg bahan
dari cecair ke gas tanpa
perubahan suhu
Sweat is being evaporated / peluh menyejat
Specific heat of vapourization of water is absorbed from the body
/ haba pendam tentu pengewapan air diserap dari badan.
Air movement velocity increases / laju gerakan udara bertambah
Evaporation rate increases / kadar penyejatan bertambah
Pt = mL = (100) (2.6 x 60) = 0.05L
L = 3.12 x 105 J/kg
218 – 78 = 140 ⁰C //
time 4.8 – 3.6 = 1.2 minutes
Pt = mcθ
100 x 1.2 x 60 = 0.05 x c x 140
c = 1 029 J kg-1 ⁰C-1
 Modification Reason
High specific heat capacity Heats up slowly / store more heat
Muatan haba tentu tinggi Lambat panas / simpan banyak haba
High boiling point Slow to turn into gas
Takat didih tinggi Lambat menjadi gas
Big fan / kipas besar A lot of air can be sucked / sedut banyak
udara
A large number of fin blades Releases heat faster / increases surface
Bilah yang banyak area / tambah luas permukaan / bebas
haba lebih cepat
R : high specific heat capacity, high boiling point, big fan, a large
number of fin blades / muatan haba tentu tinggi, takat didih tinggi,
kipas besar dan banyak bilah
Density / depth
kedalaman / ketumpatan
depth decreases / kedalaman berkurang
pressure decreases / tekanan berkurang
pressure directly proportional to depth
tekanan berkadar terus dengan kedalaman
Pressure inversely protional to volume / P α 1/V
Tekanan berkadar songsang dengan isipadu
Boyle’s law / Hukum Boyle
 10 m water
P1V1 = P2V2
10 m air
(10)(V1) = 70 (1)
7 cm3 / 7 x 10-6 m3
10 + 60 = 70 m water
low density / ketumpatan rendah Light /ringan
High stretch / Regang tinggi easy wear / does not torn / mudah
dipakai / tidak koyak / flexible /
durable / tahan lasak
Thick // tebal prevent cold / Not torn / elak
kesejukan / tidak koyak / durable /
keep warm / reduce heat loss / strong
Tight / ketat reduce resistance / rintangan berkurang
/ move easily / move fast / mudah
bergerak / bergerak cepat
Q because low density, Q kerana ketumpatan rendah, regang
hight stretch, thick and tight tinggi, tebal, ketat