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Technischen Mechanik
- Statik -
Ausgabe 2002

Beachten Sie die eingeführten Koordinatensysteme sowie die Definition der

Schnittgrößen!

Kurs Prof. Bertram

Definition der Schnittgrößen am positiven Schnittufer im 3D-Raum

Schnittebene
y
Qz
x
z My Qy

N
Mz
Mx

Kurs Prof. Sperling / Prof. Gabbert

Definition der Schnittgrößen am positiven Schnittufer im 3D-Raum

x
Schnittebene
z FQy
y
M bx FQx

FL
M by
Mt

Bezugsflächen
Lösungen zur Aufgabensammlung Statik (Ausgabe 2002)

Das zentrale ebene Kraftsystem

Lösung 2.1.1

2 2
FR = FRx + FRy = 397 N
αR = 316°

Lösung 2.1.2

2 2
FR = FRx + FRy = 2399 N
αR = 253,4°

Lösung 2.1.3

2 2
FR = FRx + FRy = 101N
αR = 121°

Lösung 2.1.4

2 2
FH = FHx + FHy = 3427 N
αH = 348,7°

Lösung 2.1.5

a.) α1 = 44,4°
FR = 9635N
b.) Elimination von α2 durch :
F1 = 1208 N
α 2 = 8,7°
c.) F1 = FR cosα 1 = 4330 N
α 2 = 60°

Lösung 2.1.6
Fg1 = -3694 N
Fg2 = 2658 N

Lösung 2.1.7

FR = 0; Gleichgewicht
Lösung 2.1.8

FS1 = 277N, FS2 = 297N

Lösung 2.1.9

Grenzlinie
F 2rh − h 2
F = FG
FR FG r - h r−h
α

r 2 − ( r − h)
2

Lösung 2.1.10

FS = FZ2 + FG2 =20590 N

 
 FG 
h = l 1 −  = 75,5cm
 FZ2 + FG2
 

Lösung 2.1.11

FS = 14,044kN FAB = 12,156 kN

Lösung 2.1.12

Fall a:
mg
FS1 = ; FS 2 = − FS1cosα = -mg cotα
sinα

Fall b:
FS 2 = −(FH + FS1cosα ) = -(mg cotα + FH )
mg
FS1 = ;
sinα

Lösung 2.1.13

FS1 =
(
2 m1 + 3m2 g ) = 430 N
1+ 3
Lösung 2.1.14

FS2 = -18913N FS1 = 12312N

Das allgemeine ebene Kraftsystem

Lösung 2.2.1

3 +1 2
FS1 = FG = 1577N, FS2 = FG = 1155N, FS3 = FG = 1000 N
3 3

Lösung 2.2.2

F1 + 2 F2 + FG F − 2 F2 − FG
FS1 = − = −3500 N, FS2 = F2 + FG = 2500 N, FS3 = 1 = −500 N
2 2

Lösung 2.2.3

FR = 2 F
α R = 300°
M A = ∑ M iA = − 3 3 Fr
M B = ∑ M iB = − 3 Fr
M 0 = ∑ M i 0 = − 2 3 Fr

Lösung 2.2.4

FS1 = 8,9kN; FS2 = 55,1kN; FS3 = 32kN

Lösung 2.2.5

2
FS1 = − F = −1,16 F
3
(2 + 3 ) F − FG
FS 2 = − = −1,87 F
3
2 F + FG
FS 3 = − = −1,45 F
3
Lösung 2.2.6

FS1 = 0,406FG = 1623N

FS2 = 0,435FG = 1740N
FS3 = 0,308FG = 1230N

Lösung 2.2.7

FS1 = - 812 N....Druckstab

FS2 = - 891 N....Druckstab
FS3 = 840 N....Zugstab

Lösung 2.2.8

FS1 = - 0,59FG... Druckstab

FS2 = 1,17FG... Zugstab
FS3 = -1,43FG... Druckstab

Lösung 2.2.9

FS1 = -160,5N... Druckstab

FS2 = 32,3N... Zugstab
FS3 = - 45,7N... Druckstab
Lagerreaktionen ebener Tragwerke

Lösung 3.1.1

F1 sin60°
F2
FAH F1 cos60°
1 3 
FAV FB =  F1 + 3F2  = 2365N
FB 2 2 
1
FAH = F1 = 1000 N
2
1 3 
FAV =  F1 − F2  = 365N
2 2 

Lösung 3.1.2

3 3
FC = Fsinα = 3F = 39 kN
2 4
1
FAH = Fcosα = F = 15kN
2
1 3
FAV = Fsinα = F = 13kN
2 4

Lösung 3.1.3

3 3 1
FC = 2 F = 106 kN FAH = F = 75kN FAV = F = 25kN
2 2 2

Lösung 3.1.4

4 1 5 5 7 31
FAH = 0 FB = F − qa = F = 0,833F FAV = F + qa = F = 5,17F
3 2 6 3 2 6

Lösung 3.1.5

1 1  5 1 1 5
FB = 6 F − F − qa = F − qa = 21kN F = − F + qa = 15kN
2  2  2
AV
4 2 4
 Lösung 3.1.6

qa
F
FAH
a
2 MA
FAV

1
FAH = 0 FAV = F + qa = 5000 N M A = Fa + qa 2 = 5250 Nm
2

Lösung 3.1.7

5 1
FAH = 0 FAV = q 0 a FB = q 0 a
4 4

Lösung 3.1.8

q 0 a = 645,8N FBV = − + q 0 a = −145,8N

F 131 F 11
FBH = F = 200 N FAV = +
2 24  2 24 

Lösung 3.1.9

3 2 2 3 2 2
FA = qa − F = 3322 N FBH = F = 3535 N FBV = qa + F = 9214 N
2 6 2 2 3

Lösung 3.1.10

5 2
FB = q 0a − F = F
3 3
FAH = 2q 0 a − F = F
5 1 7
FAV = 2q 0 a + F − q 0 a + F = q 0 a + 2 F = F
3 3 3

Lösung 3.1.11

[ F1 + 3F2 − F3 ] = 1000 N FAH = F3 = 4000 N FAV = [3F1 + F2 + F3 ] = 3000 N

1 1
FB =
4 4
 Lösung 3.1.12

FB = 3,82F; FAH = - 1,09F; FAV = 2,7F

Lösung 3.1.13

M FAH FAH = F1

FAV MA
FAV = F2
F1
F2 MA = (3F2 -F1)a - M

Lösung 3.1.14

FAV FAH = 3F1

MA
FAH 1 FAV = 2F1
4F1 MA = F1a
2F1
F1 a
2F1 2

Lösung 3.1.15

q(z)   z 2 
q( z ) = q 0 1 −   
  a  
zR FR
2 q0 a 2
FAH FR FAH = 0 FAV = q0 a M A = FR ⋅ z R =
3 4
MA zR
FAV
Lösung 3.1.16

FG
A
FA
B FGE
FBH FBV FA = FBH = FGE + 3 FG; FBV = FGE + FG

Lösung 3.1.17

13 37
FB = m1g; FA = m 1g
27 54

Lösung 3.1.18

1 3 3 1 5 1
FB = FT + FK + FG ; FA = FT + FK + FG
2 8 4 2 8 4
FD = FK + 2 FG FC = - FG

Achsenbelastung der unteren Rolle:

FS = FG FG
FR = 0,866 FG
α
FR
FG
FS = FG
 Scheibenverbindungen

Lösung 3.2.1

2a F + 4qa
FGH
FAH FAV FB FGV 1 2
I FAH = 0 FAV = F + qa = 1667N FB = F + 4 qa = 5333N
3 3
FGH 2qa
FGH = 0 FC = qa = 1000 N FGV = qa = 1000 N
II
FGV a FC

Lösung 3.2.2

F1
I 2qa
FGH1
FAV FAH FB a FGV1

FGH1 8qa
FGH2
II
FGV1 4a FGV2
F2
FGH2 3qa
III
FGV2 FC FD
1,5a

Ergebnis: FAH = 0 FB = 333 kN FGH1 = 0 FGH2 = 0 FC = 687,5 kN

FAV = 116,7 kN FGV1 = 200 kN FGV2 = 200 kN FD = 262,5 kN

Lösung 3.2.3

3 2 2
FB = F2 = 960 N FGH = 0 FGV = F2 = 640 N FAH = 0 FAV = F1 + F2 + 5qa = 2440 N
5 5 5
25
M A = 3F1a + 2 F2 a + qa 2 = 8100 Nm
2
Lösung 3.2.4

FAH = 6,3 kN; FAV = 5,65 kN; FGH = 5,7 kN; FGV = 4,35 kN; FBH = 5,7 kN;
FBV = 9,35 kN

Lösung 3.2.5

FAV = 28,5 kN, FBH = 0, FG1H = 10,7 kN, FG2H = 10,7 kN, FG3H = 10,7 kN
FBV = 33,5 kN, FG1V = 12,5 kN, FG2V = 17,5 kN, FG3V = 0

Auflagerreaktionen am Gesamtsystem bestimmbar!

Lösung 3.2.6

FAH = 0, FB = 0, FG1H = - 0,5 kN, FG2H = 3,5 kN, FG3H = 4,5 kN

FAV = 0, FG1V = 1 kN, FG2V = 1 kN, FG3V = 1 kN

Lösung 3.2.7

FAH = 3F; FAV = 3F; FB = 2F; FGH = 3F; FGV = - F; MA = 7Fa

Lösung 3.2.8

FA = 0,942 F; FB = 1,225 F; FC = -1,558 F (Druckstab); FD = 0,942 F

FGH = 0,667 F; FGV = 0,333 F

Lösung 3.2.9

c
FAH = F2 ; FGHl = FGHr = F2; FB = −F2 ⋅
a
c c
FAV = F1 + F2 ⋅ ; FGVl = F1 + F2 ⋅ ;
a a
c
M A = F1 ⋅ a + F2 ⋅ c; FGVr = F2 ⋅ ;
a

Lösung 3.2.10

Ergebnis (unter Verwendung von F = 2 qa ):

FAH = qa; FAV = 2qa; FB = qa; FGH = 0; FGV = qa; MA = 4qa2

Lösung 3.2.11

F
Ergebnis (unter Verwendung von q 0 = ):
a
5 F 1 F 5 F
FAH = F FAV = FBH = F FBV = FGH = F FGV =
6 2 3 2 6 2
Lösung 3.2.12

1 3
FAH = F = 3kN ; FAV = F = 1,5kN ; FS = 5F = 6,71kN ; FC = F = 4,5kN
2 2
FDH = F = 3kN ; FDV = F = 3kN

Lösung 3.2.13
FS B
200 200
FDH D 150 C
FE FCH
100 FDV E C FCH
FCV F
250 250 FCV

4 4
FS = − F = −1,714 kN; FCV = F = 3kN; FCH = F = 1,714 kN
7 7
4 43 78
FDH = F = 1, 714 kN; FDV = F = 3,685kN; FE = F = 6,685kN
7 35 35

Lösung 3.2.14

FB = 4qa; FCH = 0; FCV = 2qa;

15
FGH = − qa = −3,75qa; FGV = − qa
4
15 15 15
FS1 = 2 qa = 5,3qa; FS 2 = − qa = −3,75qa; FS 3 = qa = 3,75qa;
4 4 4

Auflagerreaktionen am Gesamtsystem bestimmbar!

Lösung 3.2.15

4 4 5 1
FDV = mg FDH = mg FA = mg FBV = 3,5 mg FS = mg ⋅ = 3,004mg
5 5 2 cosα
FBH = 0,667mg

Lösung 3.2.16

3
FD = F = 4,5kN FEV = 1,5kN FEH = 0
4
3 1
FCV = F = 9 kN FBV = F = 3kN FCH = 0
2 2
FAH = 0 FAV = 4,5kN
Lösung 3.2.17

b 1
FCH = F = F = 1kN
h 2
b 1
FAH = F = F = 1kN
h 2

5b 5
FBE = − F = − F = −1,25kN
3a 8
FAD = −2 FBE = 2,5kN

3
FCV = − ⋅ 1,25kN = −0,75kN
5
FAV + FCV - F = 0 FAV = F - FCV = 2,75 kN
Lösung 3.2.18

FS 2 = −2 F FS1 = 5 F
FS 4 = −2 F FS 3 = 0
FS 5 = 0 FS 6 = 5 F FS 7 = − F
FAH = 2 F FAV = F FB = 2 F

1 2
Lösung unter Verwendung von: sinα = ; cosα = ;
5 5
1
Anderer Lösungsweg: 7
Erkannte Nullstäbe: Stab 3 und Stab 5, d.h. FS3 = 0 und FS5 = 0; 2
dann gilt FS1 = FS6 und FS2 = FS4
Auflagerreaktionen auch am Gesamtsystem bestimmbar,

Lösung 3.2.19

FS1 = 10 F = 3,16 F; FS2 = −3F

6 2
FS3 = − F = −1,9 F; FS 4 = 10 F + F = 3, 79F
10 10
cosα cos2α 9 5 3 12
FS5 = − FS3 = 2F = 2 F ⋅ = 3F ; FS 6 = −3F − F − F = −6 F
sinγ sin2α 10 3 5 5

1 3
FS 7 = −3F ⋅ − 2F ⋅ = −2,85F;
10 10
3 1
FS8 = 3,79 F + 3F ⋅ + 2F ⋅ = 7,27F;
10 10

FS9 = 3,4F; FS10 = -9F

FB = FAH = 9F FAV = 6F FS11 = -6F

Lösung 3.2.20

Gesamtsystem:

FB = FAH = F FAV = F

Stabkräfte:

FS2 = -2F = -40 kN;

1
FS1 = 2 F ⋅ 3 = 3F = 34,64 kN
2
FS 3 = 10,72kN FS 4 = −35,86kN
FS 5 = −10,72kN FS 6 = −40kN
FB = 20kN FS 7 = 14,6kN

Lösung 3.2.21

FBV = F

FBH = FA = F
F 5
FS 2 = − = − F = −33,3kN
sinα 3
4
FS1 = Fcotα = F = 26,7 kN
3
FS3 = -FS4 = -24,04kN

−F−F
FS 6 = = − F 5 = −44,7kN
sinγ
4 2 1
FS 5 = − F + F + F = F = 6,7kN
3 3 3

FS 7 = FS 4sinβ = F = 20kN
1 2
FA = FS 5 + FS 4 cosβ = F + F = F = 20kN ( Kontrolle)
3 3

Lösung 3.2.22

Symmetrie:
FAH = 0; FAV = FB = 1,5F = 30kN
FS1= -91,4kN FS2 = 78,8kN
FS3 = -16,6kN FS4 = -80,4kN
FS5 = 43,9kN FS6 = 40kN

Lösung 3.2.23

Aus Symmetriegründen:

FAH = 0 FA = FB = 6F = 6 . 4,5kN = 27kN

F = 4,5kN
FS1= -50,3kN FS2 = 45kN
FS3 = -8,05kN FS4 = -46,3kN
FS5 = 9kN FS6 = 36kN
FS7 = -12,07kN FS8 = -34,23kN
FS9 = 11,38kN FS10 = 27kN

Lösung 3.2.24

FB = 53,8kN; FAH = 38,04kN; FAV = -8,04kN

 2 1
FS1 = 3F = 34,64kN FS 2 = − FS1 = −17,32kN
3 2
FS3 = -FS1 = -34,64kN FS4 = 0,5 .(FS1 - FS3) = 34,64kN

FS5 = -FS3 = 34,64kN FS6 = 0,5 .(FS3 - FS5) + FS2 = -51,96kN FS7 = 9,3kN FS8 = 9,24kN

FS9 = -FS7 = -9,3kN FS10 = -42,66kN FS11 = 9,3kN

Kontrolle: →: FAH + 0,5 FS11 + FS10 = 0 erfüllt.

Lösung 3.2.25

FAH = F FAV = 0,25F

A : -F . a - F . 2a + FB . 4a = 0 FB = 0,75 F
1 3 3F
FS 3 = − F , FS1 = F ,FS 2 = −
8 2 4sinα
Schnittgrößen in Trägern und Systemen von Trägern

Lösung 3.3.1

F1 F2 F3

FAH FAV C Ergebnis: FAH = -37,4 kN; FAV = 21,8 kN; FB = 49,3 kN
FB

F1 MC
C FLC
FAH FAV
2a a FQC

FLC= NC = 42,4 kN

FQC=QC = 13,1 kN

MC = 56,7 kNm

Lösung 3.3.2

FA = 756 N; FBH = 1000 N; FBV = 1244 N

0 ≤ x1 ≤ a
N(x1) = 0; Qz(x1) = FA = 756 N My(x1) = FA x1;

0 ≤ x2 ≤ a
N(x2) = 0; Qz(x2) = FA - F1 = -1244 N My(x2) = FA (a + x2) - F1 x2;

0 ≤ x3 ≤ a
N(x3) = - FBH + F3 cos 60° = - 500 N;
Qz(x3) = - FBV + F3 sin 60° = -378 N;
My(x3) = FBV (a - x3) - F3 sin 60° . (2a-x3);

0 ≤ x4 ≤ a
N(x4) = F3 cos 60° = 500 N;
Qz(x4) = F3 sin 60° = 866 N;
M(x4) = - F3 sin 60° . (a-x4);
 F1 F3

FA F2 FBH
FBV

500 -
+ N in N
1244 500
- 378
Qz in N
+ +
756 866
866
488
- My in Nm M y max = 866 Nm
+
756

Lösung 3.3.3

FA = 3322 N; FBH = 3535 N; FBV = 9213 N

0 ≤ x1 ≤ 3a
N(x1) = 0;
Qz(x1) = FA - qx1
1 2
My(x1) = FA x1 - qx1 ;
2
Besondere Werte:
FA
- Querkraft-Nullstelle: x1 :FQ ( x1 ) = 0 x1 = = 0,11m
q
- Extremwert für My: M y ( x1 ) = 184 Nm
2 FA
- 2. Nullstelle für My: xˆ1 :M y ( xˆ1 ) = 0 xˆ1 = = 0,22m
q
0 ≤ x2 ≤ a
N(x2) = -3535 N;
Qz(x2) = 3535 N;
My(x2) = - F sin 45° . (a-x2);
 Fsin45°
Fcos45°
FA FBH
z1 FBV
z$ 1

3535 N in N
-
5678
-
+ + 3535 Qz in N
3322
354
-
+
My in Nm M y max = 354 Nm
184

Lösung 3.3.4

7 3 7
FA = 2qa; FBV = − qa; FBH = qa;
4 4 4

0 ≤ x1 ≤ 2a
7
N(x1) = − qa ;
4
Qz(x1) = FA sin45° - qx1
1 2
My(x1) = FA sin45° . x1 - qx1 ;
2
Besondere Werte:
7
- Querkraft-Nullstelle: x1 :Q z ( x1 ) = 0 x1 = a
4
- Extremwert für My: M y ( x1 ) = 1,53qa 2

0 ≤ x2 ≤ a
N(x2) = 0
Qz(x2) = - F + q(a - x2)
My(x2) = F . (a-x2) - q (a − x 2 ) ;
1 2

2
FA cos45°

FA 1,75a FBH
F
i 45° FBV

1,75 qa N
-
2qa
qa
-
Qz
+ 0,25qa
1,75qa
My
+
M y max = 1,53qa 2
1,53qa2 1,5qa2

Lösung 3.3.5

MB = 5,82 Fa; FBH = 1,41 F; FBV = 2,41 F

0 ≤ x1 ≤ a
N(x1) = 0; Qz(x1) = - F
My(x1) = - F x1;

0 ≤ x 2 ≤ 2a
N(x2) = - 1,41 F;
Qz(x2) = - 2,41 F
My(x2) = - F1 (a + x2) - F2 sin45° . x2;

F2
F1
α FBH

x1 x2 FBV MB

N
- 1,41F

Qz
- 2,41F
F
My 5,82Fa
-
Fa Mymax= 5,82 Fa
Lösung 3.3.6

 l l
- MA = MB oder − ql  c −  = qlc c =
 2 4

Lösung 3.3.7

8 4
FAH = 0; FAV = qa = 26,7 kN ; FB = qa = 13,3kN ;
3 3

0 ≤ x1 ≤ a
N(x1) = 0
Qz(x1) = - qx1
1
My(x1) = - qx12 ;
2

0 ≤ x 2 ≤ 3a
N(x2) = 0
Qz(x2) = - FB + q(3a - x2)
My(x2) = FB . (3a-x2) - q (3a − x 2 ) ;
1 2

2
Besondere Werte:
5
- Querkraft-Nullstelle: x2 : Q z ( x2 ) = 0 x2 = a = 1,66m
3
M y (x2 ) =
8 2
- Extremwert für My: qa = 8,9kNm = Mymax
9

Qz 10kN 13,3kN
- -
+
16,7kN

My 5kNm
-
+
8,9kNm
Lösung 3.3.8

1. Ohne Berücksichtigung des Eigengewichts

FA = 1116N; FS1 = 354N; FS2 = -750N

0 ≤ x1 ≤ a
N(x1) = -FA = -1116N; Qz(x1) = 0 My(x1) = 0;

0 ≤ x 2 ≤ 2a
N(x2) = - 866N;
Qz(x2) = 250N
My(x2) = FS1 sin45° . x2;

0 ≤ x3 ≤ a
N(x3) = - 866N;
Qz(x3) = -500N;
My(x3) = F sin 30° . (a-x3);

N
1116N 866N
-
500N
Qz -
250N +
My
+ Mymax = 500 Nm

500Nm

2. Berücksichtigung des Eigengewichtes:

FA = 1393N; FS1 = 745N; FS2 = -475N

0 ≤ x1 ≤ a
N(x1) =- 1393N;
Qz(x1) = - qx1 ; Qz(0) = 0; Qz(a) = - qa = -138 N
1
My(x1) = − qx12 ; My(0) = 0; My(a) = -69Nm
2
0 ≤ x 2 ≤ 2a
N(x2) = FS1 cos45° - FA = - 866N;
Qz(x2) = FS1 sin45° - q(a+x2);
Qz(0) = 389N; Qz(2a) = 113N
My(x2) = FS1 sin45° . x2 - q (a + x 2 ) ;
1 2

2
0 ≤ x3 ≤ a
N(x3) = - F cos 30° = - 866N;
Qz(x3) = - F sin 30° + q(a-x3);
Qy(0) = -362N; Qy(a) = - 500N
My(x3) = F sin 30° . (a-x3) - q (a − x3 ) ;
1 2

N
1393N 866N
-
500N
Qz - 138N 362N -
389N + 113N
My Mymax = 430 Nm
- 69Nm
+
430Nm
Lösung 3.3.9

FB = 8,8qa; FAH = 5qa; FAV = 3,2qa

0 ≤ x1 ≤ a
N(x1) = -FAH = - 5qa; Qz(x1) = FAV = 3,2qa; My(x1) = FAV x1;

0 ≤ x 2 ≤ 2a
N (x2) = -FAH = - 5qa;
Qz(x2) = FAV - qx2
1 2
My(x2) = FA (a + x2) - qx 2 ;
2

0 ≤ x3 ≤ a
N(x3) = - 5qa;
Qz(x3) = - FB + 10qa = 1,2qa;
My(x3) = FB (2a - x3) - 10qa . (a-x3);

0 ≤ x4 ≤ a
N(x4) = 0
Qz(x4) = - FB = - 8,8qa;
My(x4) = FB . (a-x4);

5 -
N in qa

- 8,8
Qz in qa
3,2 + 1,2

My in qa2

+
3,2 M y max = 8,8qa 2
7,6 8,8
Lösung 3.3.10

FAH = 0; FAV = 75kN; FB = 105kN

Die Längskraft ist für alle Bereiche gleich Null.

0 ≤ x1 ≤ a
Qz(x1) = -F1- qx1
1 2
My(x1) = -F1 . x1 - qx1 ;
2

0 ≤ x2 ≤ a
Qz(x2) = FAV - F1 - q1(a + x2)
q1 (a + x 2 ) ;
1 2
My(x2) = FAV. x2 - F1 . (a+x2) -
2

0 ≤ x3 ≤ a
Qz(x3) = - FB + F3 + q2(2a-x3);
q 2 (2a − x3 ) ;
1 2
My(x3) = FB (a - x3) - F3 . (2a-x3) -
2

0 ≤ x4 ≤ a
Qz(x4) = F3 + q2(a-x4)
q 2 (a − x 4 ) ;
1 2
My(x4) = -F3 . (a-x4) -
2

40 50
20 - 10 - Qz in kN
35 + 15 + 15
55

60 70
My in kNm
10
-  Mymax  = 70 kNm
Lösung 3.3.11

FAV = -0,5qa; FAH = -qa; FB = 2qa

0 ≤ x1 ≤ 2a
q q( x ) ⋅ x qx 2
q( x1 ) = ⋅ x1 ,d .h. 1 1 = 1
3a 2 6a
N(x1) = -FAH = qa;
qx12
Qz(x1) = FAV -
6a
qx 2 x
My(x1) = FAV x1 - 1 ⋅ 1 ;
6a 3

0 ≤ x2 ≤ a
q q ( x ) ⋅ ( 2a + x 2 ) q ( 2 a + x 2 ) 2
q( x2 ) = ⋅ (2a + x 2 ),d .h. 2 =
3a 2 6a

N(x2) = -FAH = qa;

q ( 2a + x 2 ) 2
Qz(x2) = FAV + FB -
6a
q ( 2a + x 2 ) 2 ( 2 a + x 2 )
My(x2) = FAV (2a+x2) + FB x2 - .
⋅ ;
6a 3

0 ≤ x3 ≤ a
N(x3) = 0 Qz(x3) = F
My(x3) = -F(a-x3) = -qa(a-x3)

N in qa

1 + 1
1,17 Qz in qa
+
0,5 -
0,83 +

1,44 My in qa2
-  Mymax  = 1,44 qa2
- 1
1
Lösung 3.3.12

FAV = -5kN; FAH = 20kN; FB = 5kN

Es treten keine Längskräfte auf.

0 ≤ x1 ≤ a
Qz(x1) = - F = -20kN
My(x1) = -Fx1

0 ≤ x 2 ≤ 2a
Qz(x2) = FAV = -5kN
My(x2) = FAV x2 - Fa

0 ≤ x3 ≤ 2a
Qz(x3) = -FB = -5kN
My(x3) = FB (2a- x3)

20
Qz in kN
-
- 5

30 My in kNm
20 - -
 Mymax  = 30 kNm
20 10 +

Lösung 3.3.13

FAV = qa; FAH = -qa; MA = 1,5qa2

0 ≤ x1 ≤ a
N(x1) = 0
Qz(x1) = qx1
My(x1) = - 0,5q x12

0 ≤ x2 ≤ a
Qz(x2) = 0
N(x2)= - qa
My(x2) = - 0,5qa2

0 ≤ x3 ≤ a
Qz(x3) = F = qa
N(x3)= - qa
My(x2) = - 0,5qa2 - Fx3
 1 0,5 -
1 +
1 -
-
+
1,5
 Mymax  = 1,5 qa2
N in qa Qz in qa My in qa2

Lösung 3.3.14

FAV = qa; FAH = 2qa; FB = qa

0 ≤ x1 ≤ 2a
qx1
My(x1) → : N(x1) = -FAH = - 2qa;
FAH N(x1) ↓ : Qz(x1) = FAV - qx1
FAV x1 = 0: Qz(0) = qa x1 = 2a: Qz(2a) = - qa
x1 Qz(x1)
qx12
S1 : My(x1) = FAV x1 - ;
2
x1 = 0: My(0) = 0 x1 = 2a: My(2a) = 0
Besondere Werte:
- Querkraft-Nullstelle: x1 :Q z ( x1 ) = a
M y ( x1 ) =
1 2
- Extremwert für My: qa
2

q2a 0 ≤ x2 ≤ a
My(x2)
FAH N(x2)
FAV 2a x2 → : N(x2) = -FAH = - 2qa;
Qz(x2) ↑ : Qz(x2) = FAV - 2qa = -qa
S2 : My(x2) = FAV (2a+x2) - 2qa . (a+x2);
x2 = 0: My(0) = 0; x2 = a: My(a) = - qa2

0 ≤ x3 ≤ a
N(x3) ↑ : N(x3) = - FB = -qa;
My(x3)
→ : Qz(x3) = 0;
Qz(x3)
x3 S3 : My(x3) = 0;

FB
 N(x4) 0 ≤ x4 ≤ a
My(x4)
Qz(x4)
↑ : N(x4) = - FB = -qa;
x4 → : Qz(x4) = F = 2qa;
F
S4 : My(x4) = F . x4;
x4 = 0: My(0) = 0 x4 = a: My(a) = 2qa2
FB

M 0 ≤ x5 ≤ a

Qz(x5) a-x5 ↑ : N(x5) = 0;

→ : Qz(x5) = 0;
x5
My(z5 N(x )
)
5
S3 : My(x5) = M = qa2;

Kontrolle des Momentengleichgewichts am Verzweigungspunkt C:

M5(0)

M2(a) C: M5(0) - M2(a) - M4(a) = 0

C
qa2 - 2qa2 + qa2 = 0 Gleichung ist erfüllt

M4(a)

2 -

N in qa -

x1
- 1
1 +
+
Qz in qa 2
1
1
- + 2
+ M y max = 2qa 2
0,5
My in qa2
Lösung 3.3.15

FAV = 2F1; FAH = - 3F1; MA = F1 . a

0 ≤ x1 ≤ a
F2 My(x1) →: N(x1)= -F1
N(x1) ↑ : Qz(x1) = F2 = 2F1
F1
Q(x1) S1 : My(x1) = F2 . x1 ;
x1
x1 = 0: My(0) = 0; x1 = a: My(a) = 2F1a

0 ≤ x2 ≤ a
Qz(x2) →: N(x2) = F3 = 2F1
My(x2) q(a-x2) ↑ : Qz(x2) = q(a-x2)
N(x2) F3 Qz(0) = qa = 4F1; Qz(a) = 0
x2 a-x2
S2 : My(x2) = - q (a − x 2 ) ;
1 2

2
x2 = 0: My(0) = -2F1a; x2 = a: My(a) = 0

FAV 0 ≤ x3 ≤ a
FAH MA ↓ : N(x3) = 2F1
x3 ← : Qz(x3) = FAH =-3F1
S1 : My(x3) = FAH . x3 - MA ;
Qz(x3) My(x3) x3 = 0: My(0) = -F1a; x3 = a: My(a) = -4F1a
N(x3)

2 3 1
+ - -
1 - 2 -
2 + 2 +4 +2 4

N in F1 Qz in F1 My in F1a  Mymax  = 4F1a

Lösung 3.3.16

FB = 13,177kN; FAH = 0,589kN; FAV = -6,412kN

0 ≤ x1 ≤ 2a
q0 q( x ) ⋅ x q x2
q( x1 ) = ⋅ x1 ,d .h. 1 1 = 0 1
2a 2 4a
N(x1) = -FAV = 6412N;
q x2
Qz(x1) = -FAH - 0 1
4a
x1 = 0: Qz(0) = -589N x1 = 2a: Qz(2a) = - 6589N
q x2 x
My(x1) = -FAH x1 - 0 1 ⋅ 1 ;
4a 3
x1 = 0: My(0) = 0 x1 = 2a: My(2a) = - 5178Nm

0 ≤ x2 ≤ a
N(x2) = -FAH - q0a = -6589N;
Qz(x2) = FAV = -6412N
2
My(x2) = -FAH . 2a + FAV . x2 - q 0a 2 ;
3
x2 = 0: My(0) = -5178Nm; x2 = a: My(a) = - 11590Nm

0 ≤ x3 ≤ a
N(x3) = -FBcos30° = -11412N Qz(x3) = FBsin30° = 6589N
My(x3) = FBsin30° . x3
x3 = 0: My(0) = 0 x3 = a: My(a) = 65989Nm

0 ≤ x4 ≤ a
N(x4) = 0
Qz(x4) = F = 5000N
My(x4) = - F . (a-x4)
x4 = 0: My(0) = -5000Nm; x4 = a: My(a) = 0

11,6
- 6,6 - 6,4 5,2 - 5
6,6
+ 5 - + 6,6
- -
+
+
11,4 6,6

N in kN 0,6 Qz in kN My in kNm
6,4
Lösung 3.3.17

1 1
FAH = F FB = FAV = Fsinα = F
2 4

0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 30° ϕ = ϕ1

 1 
N (ϕ1) = F  sinϕ1 + cosϕ1 
 4 
 1 
Q(ϕ1 ) = F  cosϕ1 − sinϕ1 
 4 
 1 1
M (ϕ1) = Fa  sinϕ1 + cosϕ1 − 
 4 4

30° ≤ ϕ ≤ 180° ϕ2 = π − ϕ

1 1
N (ϕ ) = − Fcosϕ 2 = Fcosϕ
4 4
1 1
Q(ϕ ) = − Fsinϕ 2 = − Fsinϕ
4 4
M (ϕ ) = Fa(1 − cosϕ 2 ) = Fa(1 + cosϕ )
1 1
4 4

FN 0
FQ M
-
+
+ - +
1
4 F − 14 F F

N1(0°) = 0,25F Q1 (0°) = F M ( 0) = 0

N1(30°) = 0,7165F Q1 (30°) = 0,741F M (30°) = 0,467 Fa
N 2 (30°) = 0,2165F Q2 (30°) = −0,125F M (180°) = 0
N 2 (180°) = −0,25F Q2 (180°) = 0
N (ϕ 2 ) = 0
cosϕ 2 = 0 ϕ 2 = 90°
Lösung 3.3.18

FBH = 353,6N; FBV = FC = 176,8N

0≤x≤a
N(x) = -FBH = -353,6N;
Qz(x) = FBV = 176,8N
My(z) = FBV . x ;
x = 0: My(0) = 0; x = a: My(a) = 35,36Nm

0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 90°
N(ϕ) M(ϕ) ϕ
N (ϕ ) = − FC cosϕ
acosϕ Q(ϕ ) = − FC sinϕ
Q(ϕ)
M(ϕ ) = FC acosϕ
ϕ FC

N (0°) = −176,8 N Q(0°) = 0 M (0) = 35,36 Nm

N (90°) = 0 Q(90°) = −176,8 N M (90°) = 0

353,6 -
176,8 35,36
176,8 + +
-
-
176,8

N in N Q in N M in Nm
Lösung 3.3.19

MA = 6qa2 FAV = 2qa FAH = 0

0 ≤ x1 ≤ 2a

qx1 My(x1) N(x1) = 0;

N(x1) Qz(x1) = -qx1; Qz(0) = 0 Qz(2a) = -2qa
x1 My(x1) = -qx1 0,5x1; My(0) = 0 My(2a) = -2qa2
.

Qz(x1)

0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 180°
N(ϕ)
N (ϕ ) = 2qasinϕ
ϕ M(ϕ) Q(ϕ ) = −2qacosϕ
2qa
Q(ϕ) M(ϕ ) = −2qa 2 (1 + sinϕ )
a asinϕ

ϕ = 0°: N(0°) = 0 Qz(0°) = -2qa M(0°) = -2qa2

ϕ = 90°: N(90°) = 2qa Qz(90°) = 0 M(90°) = -4qa2

ϕ = 180°: N(180°) = 0 Qz(180°) = 2qa M(180°) = -2qa2

0 ≤ x2 ≤ 4a

MA My(x1) N(x2) = 0;
FAH N(x1) Qz(x2) = FAV = 2qa;
4a-x2 My(x2) = MA -FAV (4a- x2);
FAV Qz(x1) My(0) = -2qa2 My(4a) = 6qa2

+ 2 N in qa

2 +

Qz in qa
2
-
6
+

2
4 My in qa2
2 - Mymax = 6qa2
Lösung 3.3.20

Qz ( x) = − ∫ q ( x)dx
Ermittlung der Schnittreaktionen aus:
M y ( x) = ∫ Qz ( x)dx
Aus FQ sind die Lagerreaktionen bestimmbar.

0≤x≤a
4 π π 
Qz ( x ) = q a cos
2 0 
x − 1
π  2 2 a 
4  π x
M y ( x) = 2 q0 a 2 sin x− 
π  2a a

Auflagerreaktionen:
Qz(0) ↑ : FBV = Qz(0) = 4  π − 1 q a = 0,23q0a
π2  2 
0

FBV
Qz(a)
4
↑ : FC = -Qz(a) = q 0 a = 0,41q0a
FC π2

π π 
Querkraftnullstelle:  cos x − 1= 0 x = 0,56a
2 2a 
Maximales Moment: Mymax = My(x= 0,56a) = 0,085q0a2

Lösung 3.3.21

FA = 0,48qa; FBH = 0,21qa; FBV = 2,07qa

0 ≤ x1 ≤ 5a
2
N ( x1 ) = −qx1cosα ⋅ sinα = − qx1
5
4
Qz ( x1 ) = FA − qx1cosα ⋅ cosα = FA − qx1
5
M y ( x1 ) = FA x1 − q( x1cosα ) = FA x1 − qx12
1 2 2
2 5

x1 = 0: N(0) = 0; Qz(0) = 0,48qa My(0) = 0

x1 = 5a : N( 5a ) = -0,89qa; Qz( 5a ) = -1,31qa My( 5a ) = -0,93qa2
5F
Querkraftnullstelle: x1 = A = 0,6a
4q
Extremwert für My: M y ( x1 ) = 0,14qa 2
5 FA
Nullstelle für My: xˆ1 = = 1,2a
2q
0 ≤ x2 ≤ 2a

N(x2) = F - FBV = - 1,57qa;

Qz(x2) = FBH = 0,21qa;
My(x2) = -FBH (2a-x2) - Fa; My(0) = -0,93qa2 My(2a) = -0,5qa2

0 ≤ x3 ≤ a

N(x3) = 0;
Qz(x3) = F = 0,5qa;
My(x3) = -F(a-x3); My(0) = -Fa = -0,5qa2 My(a) = 0

0,48 +
0,6a+
- 0,89 - 0,14 -
1,31 1,2a 0,93

+ -
-

1,57
0,21 + 0,5 -
0,5
N in qa Qz in qa My in qa2
|Mymax| = 0,93qa2

Lösung 3.3.22

Alle horizontalen Kraftkomponenten sind Null!

FAH = FG1H = FG 2 H = 0
1 5 7 3
FAV = F; FB = F; FC = F; FD = F
2 4 8 8
1 1
FG1V = F; FG 2 V = F;
2 4
Ermittelt man die Schnittgrößen am getrennten System, sind 8 Schnitte erforderlich.
Behandelt man die Gelenkkräfte als innere Kräfte, so kommt man mit 6 Bereichen aus.

Alle Längskräfte sind Null!

0 ≤ x1 ≤ a
Qz(x1) = FAV = 0,5F;
My(x1) = FAV . x1 My(0) = 0 My(a) = 0,5Fa

0 ≤ x2 ≤ 2a
Qz(x2) = FAV - F = - 0,5F;
My(x2) = FAV(a+x2) - F . x2
My(0) = 0,5Fa; My(a) = 0(Gelenk); My(2a) = - 0,5Fa
0 ≤ x3 ≤ a
Qz(x3) = FAV - F + FB = 0,75F;
My(x3) = FAV(3a+x3) - F(2a+x3) + FB . x3
My(0) = - 0,5Fa; My(a) = 0,25Fa

0 ≤ x4 ≤ 2a
Qz(x4) = FAV - 2F + FB = - 0,25F;
My(x4) = FAV(4a+x4) - F(3a+x4) + FB(a+x4) - F . x4
My(0) = 0,25Fa; My(a) = 0(Gelenk); My(2a) = -0,25Fa

0 ≤ x5 ≤ a
Qz(x5) = F - FD = 0,625F;
My(x5) = -F(a-x5) + FD(2a-x5);
My(0) = - 0,25Fa My(a) = 0,375Fa

0 ≤ x6 ≤ a
Qz(x6) = -FD = -0,375F;
My(x6) = FD(a-x6); My(0) = 0,375Fa My(a) = 0

0,5 -
0,25 - 0,37 - Qz in F
0,5 + 0,75 + 0,62 +

0,5
0,25
- - My in Fa
+ + +
0,25 0,37
0,5

Lösung 3.3.23
1
Aus Symmetriegründen im Teil I folgt FA = FGV = qa
2
0≤x≤l
Qz(x) = FA -qx
1 2
My(x) = FA . x - qx
2
My(0,5a) = 0,125qa2; My(a) = 0 My(l) = - 0,5ql(l-a)

MymaxI = MymaxII
1 2 1
8
qa = ql (l − a ) a 2 = 4l 2 − 4la a 2 + 4la − 4l 2 = 0 a = 2l
2
( )
2 − 1 = 0,828 l
Lösung 3.3.24

1 1 15 1 1
FAH = qa; FAV = qa; FB = qa; FC = qa; FGH = qa; FGV = qa
2 4 4 2 2

0 ≤ x1 ≤ 2a
N(x1) = -FAH = - 0,5qa
a 
Qz(x1) = FAV -qx1 = q − x1 
4 
Qz(0) = 0,25qa; Qz(0,25a) = 0; Qz(2a) = -1,75qa
1 qx  a 
My(x1) = FAV . x1 - qx12 = 1  − x1 
2 2 2 
My(0) = 0; My(0,25a) = 0,03qa2; My(2a) = -1,5qa2

0 ≤ x2 ≤ 2a
N(x2) = -FC = - 0,5qa
Qz(x2) = q (2a - x2)
Qz(0) = 2qa; Qz(2a) = 0
My(x2) = FC . a - q (2a − x2 )
1 2

2
My(0) = -1,5qa2; My(2a) = 0,5qa2

0 ≤ x3 ≤ a
N(x3) = 0
Qz(x3) = -FC = - 0,5qa
My(x3) = FC . (a - x3)
My(0) = 0,5qa2; My(a) = 0

N in qa
0,5 -
0,5
1,75
-
- Qz in qa
0,25 +
0,25a +
2
1,5

0,5a - + My in qa2 Mymax= 1,5 qa2

0,03 + 0,5
Lösung 3.3.25

qa 5qa 7qa 9qa qa

FAH = ; FBH = FGH = ; FAV = ; FBV = FGV =
4 4 4 4 4

0 ≤ x1 ≤ a
7qa
N(x1) = -FAV = -
4
a 
Qz(x1) = -FAH -qx1 = - q + x1 
4 
Qz(0) =- 0,25qa; Qz(a) = -1,25qa
1 qx  a 
My(x1) = -FAH . x1 - qx12 = - 1  + x1 
2 2 2 
2
My(0) = 0; My(a) = -0,75qa

0 ≤ x2 ≤ 2a
N(x2) = -FAH - qa = - 1,25qa
Qz(x2) = FAV -2qx2 = (7 a − 8 x2 )
q
4
7
Qz = 0 x2 = a = 0,875a
8
Qz(0) = 1,75qa; Qz(0,875a) = 0; Qz(2a) = -2,25qa
My(x2) = FAV . x2 - FAH . a - qa 2 − qx22 = − (3a 2 − 7 ax2 + 4 x22 )
1 q
2 4
My(0) = - 0,75qa2; My(0,875a) = 0,016qa2; My(2a) = -1,25qa2

0 ≤ x3 ≤ a
N(x3) = - FBV = -2,25qa
Qz(x3) = FBH = 1,25qa
My(x3) =- FBH . (a - x3) = -1,25qa . (a - x3)
My(0) = -1,25qa2; My(a) = 0

0,875a 2,25
1,25 - 1,25 -
2,25
- +
- 1,75 +
-
N in qa Qz in qa

1,75 0,25 1,25

0,75 - - 1,25
-
0,02
0,75a -
Mymax= 1,25qa 2
2
My in qa
Lösung 3.3.26

qa 5 3qa 13qa 3qa

FAH = ; FBH = FGH = qa; FAV = ; FBV = FGV =
2 2 2 2 2

0 ≤ x1 ≤ 12a
3qa
N(x1) = -FAV = -
2
1
Qz(x1) = -FAH = - qa
2
1
My(x1) = -FAH . x1 = - qax1
2
My(0) = 0; My(12a) = - 6qa2

0 ≤ x2 ≤ 4a
N(x2) = -FAH - F = - 2,5qa
Qz(x2) = FAV = 1,5qa
qa (4a − x2 )
3
My(x2) = FAV . x2 - FAH . 12a = −
2
My(0) = - 6qa2; My(4a) = 0

0 ≤ x3 ≤ 8a
N(x3) = -FGH = - 2,5qa
 3a 
Qz(x3) = FGV -qx3 = q − x3 
 2 
Qz(0) = 1, 5qa; Qz(1,5a) = 0; Qz(8a) = -6,5qa
My(x3) = FGV . x3 - qx32 = 3 (3a − x3 )
1 qx
2 2
My(0) = 0; My(1,5a) = 1,125qa2; My(3a) = 0; My(8a) = -20qa2

0 ≤ x4 ≤ 8a
N(x4) = - FBV = -6,5qa
Qz(x4) = FBH = 2,5qa
My(x4) =- FBH . (8a - x4) = -2,5qa . (8a – x4)
My(0) = -20qa2; My(8a) = 0

6,5 3a
1,5a
- 2,5 - 6 - - 20
+ +1,1
- 1,5 + -
-
- -
6,5 2,5
N in qa My in
Qz in qa 2

1,5 0,5
Das zentrale räumliche Kraftsystem

Lösung 4.1.1
z
b
F2 d1
F2z c
FR = 569,86 N
a y
F F2y
Richtung: cosa R = Rx = 0, 4451 a R = 63,5° z
FR
FRy F4 d3
cosb R = = 0, 7184 b R = 44,1° F4z c
FR
b
F
cosg R = Rz = 0,5347 g R = 57, 7° F4xy d2
FR
g y
F4xy a
d2

b
x

Lösung 4.1.2
3 5 5
Ergebnis: FS1 = FS 2 = - F ; FS 3 = F
16 4

Lösung 4.1.3
2
Ergebnis: FS1 = FS2 = F = 707N; FS3 = - 2 F = -1414 N
2

Lösung 4.1.4

12
FAB = FAC FAB = 37,03kN
42
5
FAD = FAC FAD = 21,82kN
21

Lösung 4.1.5

Es ist: FW = FG
Aus Symmetriegründen oder aus Summe aller Kräfte in x-Richtung folgt

FS1 = FS2
 FS1 = FS2 = -
1 + 2sina
FG = -
(
2 1+ 3 )
FG = -3,155kN
2sina(1 + cosa ) 3 3
cosa(1 + sina ) - sina 2- 3
FS3 = - FG = - FG = -0,155kN
sina(1 + cosa ) 3 3

Lösung 4.2.1
r r r r
FR = FRx e x + FRy e y + FRz e z
FRx = F3 - F6 = 2 F - 2 F = 0 ü
ï r
FRy = - F1 + F4 = - F + F = 0 ý FR = 0
ï
FRz = F2 - F5 = 3F - 3F = 0 þ
r r r r
M R = M Rx ex + M Ry e y + M Rz ez
M Rx = - F4 × a - F5 × a = -4 Fa ü
ïr r r r
M Ry = F5 × a + F3 × a = 5 Fa ýM R = -4 Faex + 5 Fae y + 3Faez
ï
M Rz = F4 × a + F6 × a = 3Fa þ

Lösung 4.2.2

y M y = F1b + F2 lcosa = 58,5Nm

F2l
30°
M x = F2 lsina = 38,97Nm
M
F1b My
M x = Mcosb M y = Msinb tanb = = 1,5 b = 56,3°
F3 Mx
.
g b x
M = M 2x + M 2y = 70,29Nm g = 90°-b = 33, 7°
M
M = F3 l F3 = = 39,05N
l

Lösung 4.2.3

y
x
z FG B
FC = 1,69 FG = 5,076 kN
FBz = 0,78864 FC = 4 kN
A C 3
5a FBx = FBz = 2, 4 kN
FC 5
3a FCxz l h FAx = 0
b a 1
FCxz FAy = FG = 0,5kN
6
Lösung 4.2.4

FS a 4a 4
2a y yQ = a
4a
xQ FS 3
yQ FQ 8
FS xQ = a
3
a
x

FS3
FR = 24 pa 2
FS2
FR y FS 1 = 9 pa 2
FS 2 = 3 pa 2
FS1

Lösung 4.2.5
Aus Symmetriegründen folgt: FS4 = FS5 und FS2 = FS3
6
FS 5 = FS 4 = - F = -1,2 F
2
2 6
FS 6 = - FS 5
3
FS 6 = 2 F
FS 1 = 2 FS 6 = 2 2 F = 2,8 F
1
FS 2 = FS 3 = - FS 1 = -1,4 F
2

Lösung 4.2.6

5
FS 4 = - FW = -1,12 FW
2
2
FS 6 = FS 2 = - FW = -0,35 FW
4
1 1 3
FS1 = - (2 FG - FW ); FS5 = - FG ; FS3 = FW
4 2 4

Lösung 4.2.7
Vereinfachte Rechnung: Strahlensymmetrie zur Schwerelinie, d,h. FS1 = FS3 = FS5 = FSV und
FS2 = FS4 = FS6 = FSD.

2 Ml mg 2M a 2 + l 2
FSV = - FSD = -
3a 2 3 3a 2
Lösung 4.2.8

FS 1 = Fy
Fy - Fx Mz
FS 2 = -
2 a
F M
FS 3 = Fy + z - x
2 a
M -My
FS 4 = -(Fx + Fy ) + x
a
F M y
FS 5 = Fx + z +
2 a
Fx + Fy M z
FS 6 = -
2 a

Lösung 4.2.9

FS
rsinj M0 1 M 3 + 2cosj
FDx FEx
FS = × = 0× >0
FDz FSsina rcosj r cosj - r r cosj 3 + 2cosj - 1
M0
l
FDy
FS cos a cos j2 FEy cosj 3 + 2cosj - 1 > 0 - 60° < j < 60°
Fs cos a sin j2

M0 sinj
FDz =
r cosj 3 + 2cosj - 1
M 0 1 + 3 + 2cosj (1 - sinj )
FEy = -
2r cosj 3 + 2cosj - 1
1 æ j jö
FEx = FS cosa ç cos - sin ÷
2 è 2 2ø
1
FDy = - FS (1 + sina + sinj )
2
1 æ j jö
FDx = FS ç cos + sin ÷cosa
2 è 2 2ø
Lösung 4.2.10

Symmetrie:
a
F = mg = 0,669kN
( h - b)
FSsina
FScosacosb lS
FScosasinb 2FSsina h-b
a
FScosacosb 2FScosasinb lSp
MDx F FScosacosb
mg
FDz l FSp E
FDx FDy MDz a
b lSp
MDy
1
FDx = FS cosa sin b = F = 0.3345kN
2
1
FDy = FS sin a = mg = 1,226kN
2
1 l
FDz = FS cosa cos b = F × = 3F = 2kN
2 a
M Dx = 3F × h = 30kNm M Dy = 0
1
M Dz = F × h = 5kNm
2

Lösung 4.2.11
FC 1
C FAV = FG = 250 N
4
FG 1
FAH = FC = 100 N
2
a
FC = 2 FG = 200 N
A D h
B
3
FAH FAV FBH FBV FBV = FG = 750 N
4
1
FBH = FC = 100 N
2
Lösung 4.3.1

Fa2 Fr2 Nach dem Erstarrungsprinzip gilt:

r01
FAz Fu2
FBx Fu1 . r01 - Fu2 . r02 = 0 oder Fu 2 = Fu1 ⋅
r02
FAy Fr1 FBy z
FAx Fu1 = 4500N Fa1 = 1640N Fr1 = 1740N
Fa1 Fu2 = 10800N Fa2 = 3930N Fr2 = 4180N
y Fu1

FAx = 3660N FAy = 5580N FAz = 2290N

FBx = 8880N FBy = 3100N

0 ≤ x 1 ≤ l1

Mz1 My1 N1 = - FAz = - 2290N

Qy1 = - FAx = -3360N
FAz Qz1 = FAy = 5580N
FAx FAy Qy1 N1 Mx1 My1 = FAy . z1 My1(0) = 0 My1(l1) = 307Nm
x1 Qz1 Mz1 = - FAx . z1 Mz1(0) = 0 Mz1(l1) = -201Nm
Mx1 = 0

0 ≤ x 2 ≤ l2

Mz2 N2 = - FAx - Fa1 = - 3930N

l1 Qy2 = - FAy + Fr1= -1920N
FAx Qy2 N Mx2 Qz2 = FAz - Fu1 = 1080N
2
Fr1 My2 = FAz . (l1 + x2) -Fu1 . x2
FAy FAz Qz2
x2 My2(0) = 307Nm My2(l2) = 383Nm
Fa1 Mz2 = - FAy . (l1 + x2) + Fr1 . x2 - Fa1 . r01
My2
Fu1 Mz2(0) = -398Nm Mz2(l2) = -533Nm
Mx2 = -Fu1 . r01 = -540Nm

0 ≤ x 3 ≤ l3

Qz3 FL3 = 0
Qy3 FBy
Mx3 N3 Qy3 = FBy = 8880N
Qz3 = - FBz = -3100N
FBz
My3 Mz3 My3 = FBz . (l3 - x3) My3(0) = 186Nm My3(l3) = 0
l3-x3 Mz3 = - FBy . (l3 - x3) Mz3(0) = -533Nm Mz3(l3) = 0
x3
Mx3 = 0
 y-z-Ebene x-z-Ebene
3930N
2290N
-
N
3100N 3660N
1920N
Qz - - Qy
+ 1080N +
533Nm 8880N
5580N 398Nm
My 201Nm - Mz
+
186Nm
307Nm 383Nm
Mx 540Nm -

Mbmax bei x2 = l2 = 70mm

M bmax = M y22 ( x2 = l2 ) + M z22 ( z 2 = l2 ) = 3832 + 5332 Nm = 656 Nm

Lösung 4.3.2

F2 FAy = F1 = 100N
F1 FAz = F2 + F4 = 300N
F3 F4 MAz FAy = F3 = 80N
FAx MAx
MAy = F2 . 7a + F4 . 3a = 130Nm
FAz FAy MAz = F1 . 7a + F3 . 6a = 118Nm
x1 MAx = F2 . 6a = 60Nm
x3 MAy
x2

0 ≤ x1 ≤ 6a

N1 = - F1 = - 100N
Qy1 = - F3 = - 80N
Qz1 = - F2 = -100N
My1 = - F2 . z1 My1(0) = 0 My1(6a) = -60Nm
.
Mz1 = - F3 z1 Mz1(0) = 0 Mz1(6a) = - 48Nm
Mx1 = 0

0 ≤ x2 ≤ 4a

N2 = F3 = 80N
Qy2 = - F1 = -100N
Qz2 = - F2 = -100N
My2 = -F2 . x2
My2(0) = 0 My2(4a) = -40Nm
Mz2 = - F3 . 6a - F1 . x2
Mz2(0) = -48Nm Mz2(4a) = -88Nm
Mx2 = F2 . 6a = 60Nm
0 ≤ x3 ≤ 3a

N3 = F3 = 80N
Qy3 = - F1 = -100N
Qz3 = - F2 - F4 = -300N
My3 = -F2 . (4a + x3) - F4 . x3
My3(0) = - 40Nm My3(3a) = -130Nm
Mz3 = - F1 . (4a + x3) - F3 . 6a
Mz3(0) = - 88Nm Mz3(3a) = -118Nm
Mx3 = F2 . 6a = 60Nm

100
-
N in N
100 +
80
300 Qz in N
-

130 My in Nm
40 -
60

Mx in Nm
+
60
80
100 Qy in N
-

118
- Mz in Nm

48

Lösung 4.3.3

F1
FAy = F2 = 2qa
F2 2qa MAz FAz = F1 + 2qa = 3qa
FAx MAx FAx = 0
MAy = F1 . 2a + 2qa . a = 4qa2
FAz FAy
MAz = F2 . 2a = 4qa2
MAy MAx = F1 . a = qa2
0 ≤ x1 ≤ a

N1 = - F2 = - 2qa
Qy1 = 0
Qz1 = - F1 = -qa
My1 = - F1 . x1 My1(0) = 0 My1(a) = - qa2
Mz1 = 0
Mx1 = 0

0 ≤ x2 ≤ 2a

N2 = 0
Qy2 = - F2 = - 2qa
Qz2 = - F1 - qz2 Qz2 (0) = - qa Qz2 (2a) = - 3qa
1
My2 = -F1 . z2 - qz 22 My2 (0) = 0 My2 (2a) = -4qa2
2
Mz2 = - F2 . z2 Mz2 (0) = 0 Mz2 (2a) = -4qa2
. 2
Mx2 = F1 a = qa

2
-
N in qa
1
3 Qz in qa
-

4 My in qa2
-
1

Mx in qa2
+
1

2 Qy in qa
-

4
- Mz in qa2
Lösung 4.3.4

0 ≤ x1 ≤ l

F2 F3 N1 = F2
Qy1 = - F1
F1 Mz1 Qz1 = - F3
My1 My1 = - F3 . z1
Qy1 x1 N1 Mz1 = - F1 . z1
Mx1 = 0
Qz1 Mx1

π
0≤ϕ≤
2

F2 F3 : Nϕ = F1sinϕ + F2cosϕ
ϕ
ϕ Mz
F1 : Qz = - F3
Mϕ
ϕ
Nϕ : Qr = - F1 cosϕ + F2 sinϕ
Qr
Mr Qz

Lcosϕ Mr = - F3 (L cosϕ + R sinϕ)

F2
Rsinϕ
F1 ϕ Mz = - F1 (L + R sinϕ) + F2 R (1 - cosϕ)
L
Mϕ = F3 [L sinϕ + R (1 - cosϕ)]

ϕ Lsinϕ Mr, Mz - Biegemomente

Rsinϕ
Mϕ - Torsionsmoment
Mr R(1-cosϕ)
Mϕ

R(1-cosϕ)
Der Schwerpunkt

Lösung 5.1

z
3
2 4
1 S
6 zS
5
yS y

5000mm 2 1250mm 2
yS = = 31,2 mm; z S = = 7,8 mm;
160mm 160mm

Lösung 5.2

z
l1

A1 A2
l2 S2
S1
l5 y
l3 A3 S3
l4

2,93 2,19
ySl = a = 0,06 a; z Sl = − a = −0,05 a;
46,03 46,03
8,14 3,07
ySF = − a = −0,22 a; z SF = − a = −0,08 a;
37,93 37,93

Lösung 5.3

z 17 30
ySl = a = 1,29 a ; zSl = a = 2,28 a;
13,14 13,14

l2 A l3 7,833 12,833
3
ySF = a = 1,34 a ; z SF = a = 2,19 a;
S3 5,858 5,858

A1 l
1
S1
A2 l4
S2

l5 y
Lösung 5.4

z
A3
A1 S
S3
S1 A2 S2 zS
yS y

150000 46000
ySF = mm = 57,5mm ; z SF = mm = 17,7 mm;
2600 2600

Lösung 5.5

l1
l2 A3 A4
l7 A2
A5
l4 l3
l6
A1
l5

33,299 4,125
ySl = − a = −1,37a ; z Sl = − a = −0,17a;
24,351 24,351

20,944 3,376
ySF = − a = −1,88a ; z SF = − a = −0,3a;
11,159 11,159

Lösung 5.6
6

2 3
4
1

25871 84598
ySF = mm = 14,1mm ; z SF = mm = 46,3mm;
1828 1828

Vergleich mit DIN-Angaben: xSF = 1,45cm; y SF = 4,65cm;

Lösung 5.7
− 4 ⋅ 1300mm 3 − 75 ⋅ 1300mm 3
yS = = −1,4mm ; zS = = −27,2mm
3590mm 2 3590mm 2
 Lösung 5.8
Es gilt: Die Statischen Momente der Fläche bezüglich der Achsen
z
durch S sind Null.
1
h 2 = 0,63a
S y
2 h

Lösung 5.9

S 1
y c = 0,63a
2

Lösung 5.10
z Z
1 2 z S = −0,0025r
ϕ
y yS = −0,0026r
S M
FZ = 0,0036 FG
zS
3 tan ϕ = = 0,96154 ⇒ ϕ = 43,9°
yS

Lösung 5.11

Querschnitt symmetrisch zur y -Achse, d.h. z S = 0 .

1 − Normprofil :y S 1 = −15,5mm , A1 = 1350mm 2

2 − Stegblech : y S 2 = −52,5mm , A1 =500mm 2

yS = −25,5mm
Flächenträgheitsmomente

Lösung 6.1

S1
y
45
S2 zS = c = 3c;
15
 245   1145  605 4 75
I yy =  + 225 c 4 ; I yy =  − 135 c 4 = c ; I zz = c 4
 4   4  4 4
z, z

Lösung 6.2

z, z
20
zS = h = 1,25h;
16
S1  25 
S2 I yy = 61,33h 4 ; I yy =  61,33 − ⋅16 h 4 = 36,33h 4 ; I zz = 141,33h 4
y  16 

Iyz = 0; I1 = Izz; I2 = Iyy

Lösung 6.3

z
  s 3 s  s 3 
 s    
  3 22 3  5 3 4
I yyS = 4 − = s
y  12 12  144
 
 
πd 4 5 3 4
I yy = I zz = − s
64 144

Lösung 6.4

2 Für I20 entnimmt man DIN1025:

A = 3,35 . 103mm3; Iyy = 21,4 . 106mm4; Izz = 1,17 . 106mm4;
4 1 h = 200mm; b = 300mm; c = 400mm
3

Iyy = (42,87 + 88,2) .106mm4 = 131,1 .106mm4;

Izz = (109,0 + 150,8) .106mm4 = 259,8 .106mm4;
Lösung 6.5

1. Differenz zweier Rechtecke

δh 2
(h + 3b ) + δ (3h + b ) = 5,352 ⋅ 104 mm 4
3
I xx =
6 6
δb
(3h + b ) + δ (h + 3b ) = 1,88 ⋅ 10 4 mm 4
2 3
I yy =
6 6

2. Dünnwandiger Träger, d.h. δ << h,b (Vernachlässigung von Größen, die in δ klein von
höherer Ordnung sind)
 δh 3  h   δh 2
2
I xx = 2  + b ⋅ δ   =
 
( h + 3b) = 5,333 ⋅10 4 mm 4
 12 2  6
 δb 3  b   δb 2
2
I yy = 2  + h ⋅ δ   =
 
( b + 3h ) = 1,867 ⋅10 4 mm 4
 12 2  6

Lösung 6.6

2 20
xS = − a = −0,667a; yS = a = 2,222a;
3 9
I xx = I xx − y S2 A = (156,26 - 111,09)a4 = 45,17a4
I yy = I yy − xS2 A = (56,25 - 10)a4 = 46,25a4
I xy = I xy + xS y S A = (46,875 - 33,317)a4 = 13,56a4

Hauptträgheitsmomente und Hauptachsen:

I1, 2 = ( 45,71 ± ( −0,54)2 + (13,56) 2 )a 4 = ( 45,71 ± 13,57)a 4

I1 = 59,28a4; I2 = 32,14a4

I1 − I xx 59,28 − 45,17
tanϕ 01 = = = 1,04056 ϕ 01 = 46,1°
I xy 13,56

Lösung 6.7

A = 13,0cm2; yS = 1,6538cm; zS = -2,6538cm; Iyy = 80,78cm4; Izz = 38,78cm4;

Iyz = -32,31cm4; I1 = 98,31cm4; I2 = 21,24cm4; ϕ01=-28,49°

Lösung 6.8

A = 18,0cm2; Iyy = 246cm4; Izz = 61,5cm4;

Iyz = -90cm4; I1 =282,63cm4; I2 = 24,87cm4; ϕ01=-22,15°
Lösung 6.9

A = 73,83cm 2
I1 = I 2 = 461,72cm 4

Lösung 6.10

A = 530cm2; zS = 36,54cm; I1 = 39,756 . 104cm4; I2 = 30,71. 104cm4

Lösung 6.11

A = 105cm2; zS = 8,63cm; I1 = 1579cm4; I2 = 817,5cm4

Haftung und Reibung

Lösung 7.1

sinα − µ 0 cosα
F = FG = 426,6 N
cosβ − µ0 sinβ

Selbsthemmung: α0 = arctan µ0 = 11,3°

Lösung 7.2

Fmax = 293 N Fmin = 113N

Lösung 7.3

a
x= => 400mm ≤ x ≤ 667 mm
2 ± µ0

Lösung 7.4

(tanα − µ0 )2 ⋅l ≤ x ≤
(tanα + µ0 )2 ⋅l
1 − µ 02 + 2 µ 0 tanα 1 − µ 02 − 2 µ 0 tanα

Lösung 7.5

µ 01 = 0,5 ; (µ 02 = −2)

Lösung 7.6

b
µ0 = tanα
l − (2a + b )

Lösung 7.7
Beide Grenzlagen findet man schnell durch
x2 Konstruktion der Reibkegel.
ρ0
(Bild zeigt qualitativ die grafische Lösung)
ρ0 x1
ρ0ρ0 x1 = 0,2m ≤ x ≤ x2 = 4,2m

α β
Lösung 7.8
cosα + µ 01sinα
µ 02 =
2(sinα − µ 01cosα )
Lösung 7.9
b
µ0 = = 0,11
a cotα + d − c

Lösung 7.10

F
b= ⋅ h = 2 µ 0 h = 48mm
FN

Lösung 7.11

µ (1 + µ0 )
M = FG r 0
1 + µ02

Lösung 7.12

1
M= µ 0 mgl
4

Lösung 7.13

 b  1 
FC 1 + (µ B − µ A ) = FG  (µ B − µ A ) + µ A 
 a  2 
FC = 0,22 FG = 188,9 N

Lösung 7.14

1 d
F= µ 0 ⋅ mg = 2,35kN
2 a

Lösung 7.15

4µ
MB = Fr
1− µ 2

Lösung 7.16

Annahme: Stab sei dünn

Gleitreibkraft FR = µFN

F = µFGK + FG ⋅
[(1 − µ )sinα + 2µcosα] ⋅ a
2

[(1 − µ )a − 2µ b]cosα − 2µ( a + b)sinα

2 2
Lösung 7.17

Ergebnis für Heben:

F = FG ⋅
( [ ]
1- µ 2 ) sinβ + 2µcosβ [sinα + µcosα]
F = 124 N
(1- µ 2 )sin(α + β) + 2µcos(α + β)
Ergebnis für Senken: (Vorzeichen bei µ kehren sich um, nicht aber bei µ2)

F ′ = FG ⋅
[(1- µ )sinβ − 2µcosβ][sinα − µcosα]
2

F ′ = 53N
(1- µ )sin(α + β) − 2µcos(α + β)
2

Lösung 7.18

Fest vertäutes Schiff: Haftung zwischen Seil und Poller.

1 F
n= ln S = 5,5
µ0 2π FH

Lösung 7.19
2
µ π
FS = FG e 3 = 1,52 FG
2
−µ π
FS' = FG e 3 = 0,66 FG

Lösung 7.20
Scheibe läuft unter feststehendem Bremsband durch.
Es gilt: FS1 = FS2 ⋅ e µα (1)
0 : FS1 ⋅ r1 − FG ⋅ r − FS 2 ⋅ r1 = 0 (2)
B : FS 2 ⋅ a − F ⋅ l = 0 (3)
0
a
aus (3) F = FS 2
gezogen l
r
ziehend
FS2 aus (2) FS 2 = FS1 − FG
r1
FS1
FG
mit (1) FS 2 = FS 2 ⋅ e µα −
r
F FG
FS2 r1
r a⋅r
B FS 2 =
(
r1 e µα − 1 ) FG F=
(
l ⋅ r1 e µα − 1 )
FG